Aquinas: summa/latin/sth3155.html annotate

annotate summa/latin/sth3155.html @ 34:2bc1f3a24bc0

fix p2

author	ht
date	Mon, 30 Nov 2009 21:59:53 +0000
parents	544e12f679ad
children	d777cc3962f2

rev	line source
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1 <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN"
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2 "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3 <html lang="LA" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="LA">
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4 <head>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5 <meta name="generator" content=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6 "HTML Tidy for Windows (vers 1st February 2005), see www.w3.org" />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7 <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	8 "text/html; charset=us-ascii" />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	9 <meta http-equiv="Content-Style-Type" content="text/css" />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	10 <meta http-equiv="Content-Script-Type" content="text/javascript" />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	11 <meta name="keywords" content=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	12 "Thomas de Aquino, Summa Theologiae, Corpus Thomisticum" />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	13 <meta name="language" content="Latin" />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	14 <meta name="security" content="public" />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	15 <meta name="owner" content="ealarcon@unav.es" />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	16 <meta name="author" content="Enrique Alarcón" />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	17 <meta name="abstract" content="" />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	18 <link rel="stylesheet" media="screen" href="vscreen.css" type=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	19 "text/css" />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	20 <link rel="stylesheet" media="print" href="vprint.css" type=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	21 "text/css" />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	22 <title>Thomas de Aquino, Summa Theologiae, IIª-IIae q.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	23 155-169</title>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	24 </head>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	25 <body>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	26 <a href="http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/"></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	27 <div class="tres">CORPUS THOMISTICUM</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	28 <div class="uno">Sancti Thomae de Aquino</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	29 <div class="uno">Summa Theologiae</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	30 <div class="dos">secunda pars secundae partis a quaestione CLV ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	31 CLXIX</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	32 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	33 <div class="centro">
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	34 <table align="center" summary="Imago">
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	35 <tr>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	36 <th><img src="icons/fugit190.jpg" width="275" height="190" border=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	37 "0" alt=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	38 "Thomas de Aquino a Filippino Lippi depictus (Cappella Carafa, S. Maria sopra Minerva, Roma)"
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	39 align="middle" /></th>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	40 </tr>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	41 </table>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	42 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	43 <span class="tres">Textum Leoninum Romae 1899 editum<br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	44 ac automato translatum a Roberto Busa SJ in taenias
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	45 magneticas<br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	46 denuo recognovit Enrique Alarcón atque instruxit<br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	47 <br /></span><br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	48 <hr />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	49 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	50 <p><a href="sth3146.html"><img src="icons/ageretro.gif" width="19"
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	51 height="19" align="middle" border="0" alt="age retro" /></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	52 <a href="sth3170.html"><img src="icons/ageultra.gif" width="19"
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	53 height="19" align="middle" border="0" alt="age ultra" /></a></p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	54 <script language="JavaScript" type="text/javascript">
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	55 //<![CDATA[
26 4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	56 <!--
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	57 // original code by Bill Trefzger 12/12/96; revised by Enrique Alarcon 12/9/2000
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	58 function go(){if(document.selecter.select1.options[document.selecter.select1.selectedIndex].value !="none"){location=document.selecter.select1.options[document.selecter.select1.selectedIndex].value}}
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4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	61 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="none">------------------------------------------------');
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4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	524 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#45705">IIª-IIae, q. 167 a. 1 ad 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	525 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#45706">IIª-IIae, q. 167 a. 1 ad 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	526 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#45707">IIª-IIae, q. 167 a. 2 arg. 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	527 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#45708">IIª-IIae, q. 167 a. 2 arg. 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	528 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#45709">IIª-IIae, q. 167 a. 2 arg. 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	529 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#45710">IIª-IIae, q. 167 a. 2 s. c.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	530 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#45711">IIª-IIae, q. 167 a. 2 co.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	531 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#45712">IIª-IIae, q. 167 a. 2 ad 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	532 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#45713">IIª-IIae, q. 167 a. 2 ad 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	533 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#45714">IIª-IIae, q. 167 a. 2 ad 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	534 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#45715">IIª-IIae, q. 168 pr.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	535 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#45716">IIª-IIae, q. 168 a. 1 arg. 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	536 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#45717">IIª-IIae, q. 168 a. 1 arg. 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	537 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#45718">IIª-IIae, q. 168 a. 1 arg. 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	538 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#45719">IIª-IIae, q. 168 a. 1 arg. 4');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	539 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#45720">IIª-IIae, q. 168 a. 1 s. c.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	540 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#45721">IIª-IIae, q. 168 a. 1 co.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	541 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#45722">IIª-IIae, q. 168 a. 1 ad 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	542 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#45723">IIª-IIae, q. 168 a. 1 ad 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	543 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#45724">IIª-IIae, q. 168 a. 1 ad 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	544 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#45725">IIª-IIae, q. 168 a. 1 ad 4');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	545 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#45726">IIª-IIae, q. 168 a. 2 arg. 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	546 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#45727">IIª-IIae, q. 168 a. 2 arg. 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	547 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#45728">IIª-IIae, q. 168 a. 2 arg. 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	548 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#45729">IIª-IIae, q. 168 a. 2 s. c.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	549 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#45730">IIª-IIae, q. 168 a. 2 co.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	550 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#45731">IIª-IIae, q. 168 a. 2 ad 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	551 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#45732">IIª-IIae, q. 168 a. 2 ad 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	552 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#45733">IIª-IIae, q. 168 a. 2 ad 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	553 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#45734">IIª-IIae, q. 168 a. 3 arg. 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	554 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#45735">IIª-IIae, q. 168 a. 3 arg. 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	555 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#45736">IIª-IIae, q. 168 a. 3 arg. 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	556 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#45737">IIª-IIae, q. 168 a. 3 s. c.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	557 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#45738">IIª-IIae, q. 168 a. 3 co.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	558 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#45739">IIª-IIae, q. 168 a. 3 ad 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	559 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#45740">IIª-IIae, q. 168 a. 3 ad 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	560 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#45741">IIª-IIae, q. 168 a. 3 ad 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	561 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#45742">IIª-IIae, q. 168 a. 4 arg. 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	562 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#45743">IIª-IIae, q. 168 a. 4 arg. 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	563 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#45744">IIª-IIae, q. 168 a. 4 arg. 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	564 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#45745">IIª-IIae, q. 168 a. 4 s. c.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	565 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#45746">IIª-IIae, q. 168 a. 4 co.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	566 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#45747">IIª-IIae, q. 168 a. 4 ad 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	567 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#45748">IIª-IIae, q. 168 a. 4 ad 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	568 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#45749">IIª-IIae, q. 168 a. 4 ad 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	569 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#45750">IIª-IIae, q. 169 pr.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	570 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#45751">IIª-IIae, q. 169 a. 1 arg. 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	571 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#45752">IIª-IIae, q. 169 a. 1 arg. 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	572 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#45753">IIª-IIae, q. 169 a. 1 arg. 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	573 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#45754">IIª-IIae, q. 169 a. 1 s. c.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	574 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#45755">IIª-IIae, q. 169 a. 1 co.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	575 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#45756">IIª-IIae, q. 169 a. 1 ad 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	576 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#45757">IIª-IIae, q. 169 a. 1 ad 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	577 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#45758">IIª-IIae, q. 169 a. 1 ad 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	578 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#45759">IIª-IIae, q. 169 a. 2 arg. 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	579 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#45760">IIª-IIae, q. 169 a. 2 arg. 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	580 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#45761">IIª-IIae, q. 169 a. 2 arg. 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	581 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#45762">IIª-IIae, q. 169 a. 2 s. c.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	582 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#45763">IIª-IIae, q. 169 a. 2 co.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	583 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#45764">IIª-IIae, q. 169 a. 2 ad 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	584 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#45765">IIª-IIae, q. 169 a. 2 ad 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	585 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#45766">IIª-IIae, q. 169 a. 2 ad 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	586 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#45767">IIª-IIae, q. 169 a. 2 ad 4');
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	587 document.write('<\/SELECT>');
26 4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	588 document.write('<BR><BR>');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	589 document.write('<INPUT TYPE="button" VALUE="Agedum" ONCLICK="go()">');
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	590 document.write('<\/FORM>');
26 4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	591 // -->
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	592 //]]>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	593 </script><br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	594 <hr />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	595 <br /></div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	596 <div class="D">Quaestio 155</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	597 <div class="G">Prooemium</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	598 <p title="II-II q. 155 pr."><a name="45247"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	599 "ref">[45247] IIª-IIae, q. 155 pr.</span></a> Deinde
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	600 considerandum est de partibus potentialibus temperantiae. Et primo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	601 de continentia; secundo, de clementia; tertio, de modestia. Circa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	602 primum, considerandum est de continentia, et de incontinentia.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	603 Circa continentiam quaeruntur quatuor. Primo, utrum continentia sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	604 virtus. Secundo, quae sit materia eius. Tertio, quid sit eius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	605 subiectum. Quarto, de comparatione eius ad temperantiam.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	606 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	607 <div class="E">Articulus 1</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	608 <p title="II-II q. 155 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="45248"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	609 "ref">[45248] IIª-IIae, q. 155 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	610 primum sic proceditur. Videtur quod continentia non sit virtus.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	611 Species enim non condividitur generi. Sed continentia condividitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	612 virtuti, ut patet per philosophum, in VII Ethic. Ergo continentia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	613 non est virtus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	614 <p title="II-II q. 155 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="45249"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	615 "ref">[45249] IIª-IIae, q. 155 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	616 Praeterea, nullus utendo virtute peccat, quia secundum Augustinum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	617 in libro de Lib. Arbit., <i>virtus est qua nemo male utitur</i>.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	618 Sed aliquis continendo potest peccare, puta si desideret aliquod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	619 bonum facere et ab eo se contineat. Ergo continentia non est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	620 virtus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	621 <p title="II-II q. 155 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="45250"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	622 "ref">[45250] IIª-IIae, q. 155 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	623 Praeterea, nulla virtus retrahit hominem a licitis, sed solum ab
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	624 illicitis. Sed continentia retrahit hominem a licitis, dicit enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	625 Glossa Galat. V, quod per continentiam aliquis se etiam a licitis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	626 abstinet. Ergo continentia non est virtus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	627 <p title="II-II q. 155 a. 1 s. c."><a name="45251"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	628 "ref">[45251] IIª-IIae, q. 155 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	629 contra, omnis habitus laudabilis videtur esse virtus. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	630 continentia est huiusmodi, dicit enim Andronicus quod continentia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	631 est habitus invictus a delectatione. Ergo continentia est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	632 virtus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	633 <p title="II-II q. 155 a. 1 co."><a name="45252"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	634 "ref">[45252] IIª-IIae, q. 155 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	635 dicendum quod nomen continentiae dupliciter sumitur a diversis.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	636 Quidam enim continentiam nominant per quam aliquis ab omni
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	637 delectatione venerea abstinet, unde et apostolus, Galat. V,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	638 continentiam castitati coniungit. Et sic continentia perfecta
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	639 principalis quidem est virginitas, secundaria vero viduitas. Unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	640 secundum hoc, eadem ratio est de continentia quae de virginitate,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	641 quam supra diximus virtutem. Alii vero dicunt continentiam esse per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	642 quam aliquis resistit concupiscentiis pravis, quae in eo vehementes
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	643 existunt. Et hoc modo accipit philosophus continentiam, VII Ethic.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	644 Et hoc etiam modo accipitur continentia in collationibus patrum.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	645 Hoc autem modo continentia habet aliquid de ratione virtutis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	646 inquantum scilicet ratio firmata est contra passiones, ne ab eis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	647 deducatur, non tamen attingit ad perfectam rationem virtutis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	648 moralis, secundum quam etiam appetitus sensitivus subditur rationi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	649 sic ut in eo non insurgant vehementes passiones rationi contrariae.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	650 Et ideo philosophus dicit, in IV Ethic., quod continentia non est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	651 virtus, sed quaedam mixta, inquantum scilicet aliquid habet de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	652 virtute et in aliquo deficit a virtute. Largius tamen accipiendo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	653 nomen virtutis pro quolibet principio laudabilium operum, possumus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	654 dicere continentiam esse virtutem.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	655 <p title="II-II q. 155 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="45253"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	656 "ref">[45253] IIª-IIae, q. 155 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	657 ergo dicendum quod philosophus condividit continentiam virtuti
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	658 quantum ad hoc in quo deficit a virtute.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	659 <p title="II-II q. 155 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="45254"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	660 "ref">[45254] IIª-IIae, q. 155 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	661 secundum dicendum quod homo proprie est id quod est secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	662 rationem. Et ideo ex hoc dicitur aliquis in seipso se tenere, quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	663 tenet se in eo quod convenit rationi. Quod autem pertinet ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	664 perversitatem rationis, non est conveniens rationi. Unde ille solus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	665 continens vere dicitur qui tenet se in eo quod est secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	666 rationem rectam, non autem in eo quod est secundum rationem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	667 perversam. Rationi autem rectae opponuntur concupiscentiae pravae,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	668 sicut et rationi perversae opponuntur concupiscentiae bonae. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	669 ideo proprie et vere continens est qui persistit in ratione recta
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	670 abstinens a concupiscentiis pravis, non autem qui persistit in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	671 ratione perversa abstinens a concupiscentiis bonis, sed hic magis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	672 potest dici obstinatus in malo.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	673 <p title="II-II q. 155 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="45255"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	674 "ref">[45255] IIª-IIae, q. 155 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	675 dicendum quod Glossa ibi loquitur de continentia secundum primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	676 modum, secundum quem continentia nominat quandam virtutem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	677 perfectam, quae non solum abstinet ab illicitis bonis, sed etiam a
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	678 quibusdam licitis minus bonis, ut totaliter intendatur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	679 perfectioribus bonis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	680 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	681 <div class="E">Articulus 2</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	682 <p title="II-II q. 155 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="45256"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	683 "ref">[45256] IIª-IIae, q. 155 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	684 secundum sic proceditur. Videtur quod materia continentiae non sint
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	685 concupiscentiae delectationum tactus. Dicit enim Ambrosius, in I de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	686 Offic., quod <i>generale decorum ita est ac si aequabilem formam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	687 atque universitatem honestatis habeat in omni actu suo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	688 continentem</i>. Sed non omnis actus humanus pertinet ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	689 delectationes tactus. Ergo continentia non est solum circa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	690 concupiscentias delectationum tactus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	691 <p title="II-II q. 155 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="45257"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	692 "ref">[45257] IIª-IIae, q. 155 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	693 Praeterea, nomen continentiae ex hoc sumitur quod aliquis tenet se
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	694 in bono rationis rectae, sicut dictum est. Sed quaedam aliae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	695 passiones vehementius abducunt hominem a ratione recta quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	696 concupiscentiae delectabilium tactus, sicut timor periculorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	697 mortis, qui stupefacit hominem; et ira, quae est insaniae similis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	698 ut Seneca dicit. Ergo continentia non dicitur proprie circa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	699 concupiscentias delectationum tactus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	700 <p title="II-II q. 155 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="45258"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	701 "ref">[45258] IIª-IIae, q. 155 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	702 Praeterea, Tullius dicit, in II Rhet., quod <i>continentia est per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	703 quam cupiditas consilii gubernatione regitur</i>. Cupiditas autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	704 magis consuevit dici divitiarum quam delectabilium tactus, secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	705 illud I ad Tim. ult., <i>radix omnium malorum cupiditas</i>. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	706 continentia non est proprie circa concupiscentias delectationum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	707 tactus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	708 <p title="II-II q. 155 a. 2 arg. 4"><a name="45259"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	709 "ref">[45259] IIª-IIae, q. 155 a. 2 arg. 4</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	710 Praeterea, delectationes tactus non solum sunt in rebus venereis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	711 sed etiam in esu. Sed continentia solum circa usum venereorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	712 consuevit dici. Ergo non est propria materia eius concupiscentia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	713 delectationum tactus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	714 <p title="II-II q. 155 a. 2 arg. 5"><a name="45260"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	715 "ref">[45260] IIª-IIae, q. 155 a. 2 arg. 5</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	716 Praeterea, inter delectationes tactus quaedam sunt, non humanae,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	717 sed bestiales, tam in cibis, utpote si quis delectaretur in esu
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	718 carnium humanarum; quam etiam in venereis, puta in abusu bestiarum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	719 vel puerorum. Sed circa huiusmodi non est continentia, ut dicitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	720 in VII Ethic. Non ergo propria materia continentiae sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	721 concupiscentiae delectationum tactus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	722 <p title="II-II q. 155 a. 2 s. c."><a name="45261"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	723 "ref">[45261] IIª-IIae, q. 155 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	724 contra est quod philosophus dicit, in VII Ethic., quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	725 <i>continentia et incontinentia sunt circa eadem circa quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	726 temperantia et intemperantia</i>. Sed temperantia et intemperantia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	727 sunt circa concupiscentias delectationum tactus, ut supra habitum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	728 est. Ergo etiam continentia et incontinentia sunt circa eandem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	729 materiam.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	730 <p title="II-II q. 155 a. 2 co."><a name="45262"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	731 "ref">[45262] IIª-IIae, q. 155 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	732 dicendum quod nomen continentiae refrenationem quandam importat,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	733 inquantum scilicet tenet se aliquis ne passiones sequatur. Et ideo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	734 proprie continentia dicitur circa illas passiones quae impellunt ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	735 aliquid prosequendum, in quibus laudabile est ut ratio retrahat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	736 hominem a prosequendo, non autem proprie est circa illas passiones
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	737 quae important retractionem quandam, sicut timor et alia huiusmodi;
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	738 in his enim laudabile est firmitatem servare in prosequendo quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	739 ratio dictat ut supra dictum est. Est autem considerandum quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	740 naturales inclinationes principia sunt omnium supervenientium, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	741 supra dictum est. Et ideo passiones tanto vehementius impellunt ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	742 aliquid prosequendum, quanto magis sequuntur inclinationem naturae.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	743 Quae praecipue inclinat ad ea quae sunt sibi necessaria, vel ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	744 conservationem individui, sicut sunt cibi; vel ad conservationem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	745 speciei, sicut sunt actus venerei. Quorum delectationes ad tactum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	746 pertinent. Et ideo continentia et incontinentia proprie dicuntur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	747 circa concupiscentias delectationum tactus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	748 <p title="II-II q. 155 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="45263"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	749 "ref">[45263] IIª-IIae, q. 155 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	750 ergo dicendum quod, sicut nomen temperantiae potest communiter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	751 accipi in quacumque materia, proprie tamen dicitur in illa materia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	752 in qua est optimum hominem refrenari; ita etiam continentia proprie
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	753 dicitur in materia in qua est optimum et difficillimum continere,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	754 scilicet in concupiscentiis delectationum tactus. Communiter autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	755 et secundum quid potest dici in quacumque alia materia. Et hoc modo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	756 utitur Ambrosius nomine continentiae.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	757 <p title="II-II q. 155 a. 2 ad 2"><a name="45264"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	758 "ref">[45264] IIª-IIae, q. 155 a. 2 ad 2</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	759 secundum dicendum quod circa timorem non proprie laudatur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	760 continentia, sed magis firmitas animi, quam fortitudo importat. Ira
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	761 autem impetum quidem facit ad aliquid prosequendum, iste tamen
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	762 impetus magis sequitur apprehensionem animalem, prout scilicet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	763 aliquis apprehendit se esse ab alio laesum, quam inclinationem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	764 naturalem. Et ideo dicitur quidem aliquis secundum quid continens
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	765 irae, non tamen simpliciter.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	766 <p title="II-II q. 155 a. 2 ad 3"><a name="45265"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	767 "ref">[45265] IIª-IIae, q. 155 a. 2 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	768 dicendum quod huiusmodi exteriora bona, sicut honores, divitiae et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	769 huiusmodi, ut philosophus dicit, in VII Ethic., <i>videntur quidem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	770 secundum se esse eligibilia, non autem quasi necessaria</i> ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	771 conservationem naturae. Et ideo circa ea <i>non dicimus simpliciter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	772 aliquos continentes vel incontinentes</i>, sed secundum quid,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	773 apponendo quod sint <i>continentes vel incontinentes vel lucri, vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	774 honoris</i>, vel alicuius huiusmodi. Et ideo vel Tullius communiter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	775 usus est nomine continentiae, prout comprehendit sub se etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	776 continentiam secundum quid, vel accipit cupiditatem stricte pro
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	777 concupiscentia delectabilium tactus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	778 <p title="II-II q. 155 a. 2 ad 4"><a name="45266"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	779 "ref">[45266] IIª-IIae, q. 155 a. 2 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	780 dicendum quod delectationes venereorum sunt vehementiores quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	781 delectationes ciborum. Et ideo circa venerea magis consuevimus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	782 continentiam et incontinentiam dicere quam circa cibos, licet,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	783 secundum philosophum, circa utrumque possit dici.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	784 <p title="II-II q. 155 a. 2 ad 5"><a name="45267"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	785 "ref">[45267] IIª-IIae, q. 155 a. 2 ad 5</span></a> Ad quintum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	786 dicendum quod continentia est bonum rationis humanae, et ideo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	787 attenditur circa passiones quae possunt esse homini connaturales.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	788 Unde philosophus dicit, in VII Ethic., quod <i>si aliquis tenens
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	789 puerum concupiscat eum vel comedere, vel ad venereorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	790 inconvenientem delectationem, sive sequatur concupiscentiam sive
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	791 non, non dicetur simpliciter continens, sed secundum quid</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	792 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	793 <div class="E">Articulus 3</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	794 <p title="II-II q. 155 a. 3 arg. 1"><a name="45268"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	795 "ref">[45268] IIª-IIae, q. 155 a. 3 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	796 tertium sic proceditur. Videtur quod subiectum continentiae sit vis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	797 concupiscibilis. Subiectum enim alicuius virtutis oportet esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	798 proportionatum materiae. Sed materia continentiae, sicut dictum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	799 est, sunt concupiscentiae delectabilium tactus, quae pertinent ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	800 vim concupiscibilem. Ergo continentia est in vi concupiscibili.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	801 <p title="II-II q. 155 a. 3 arg. 2"><a name="45269"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	802 "ref">[45269] IIª-IIae, q. 155 a. 3 arg. 2</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	803 Praeterea, opposita sunt circa idem. Sed incontinentia est in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	804 concupiscibili, cuius passiones superant rationem, dicit enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	805 Andronicus quod <i>incontinentia est malitia concupiscibilis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	806 secundum quam eligit pravas delectationes, prohibente
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	807 rationali</i>. Ergo et continentia, pari ratione, est in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	808 concupiscibili.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	809 <p title="II-II q. 155 a. 3 arg. 3"><a name="45270"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	810 "ref">[45270] IIª-IIae, q. 155 a. 3 arg. 3</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	811 Praeterea, subiectum virtutis humanae vel est ratio, vel vis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	812 appetitiva, quae dividitur in voluntatem, concupiscibilem et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	813 irascibilem. Sed continentia non est in ratione, quia sic esset
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	814 virtus intellectualis. Neque etiam est in voluntate, quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	815 continentia est circa passiones, quae non sunt in voluntate. Nec
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	816 etiam est in irascibili, quia non est proprie circa passiones
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	817 irascibilis, ut dictum est. Ergo relinquitur quod sit in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	818 concupiscibili.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	819 <p title="II-II q. 155 a. 3 s. c."><a name="45271"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	820 "ref">[45271] IIª-IIae, q. 155 a. 3 s. c.</span></a> Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	821 contra, omnis virtus in aliqua potentia existens aufert malum actum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	822 illius potentiae. Sed continentia non aufert malum actum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	823 concupiscibilis, habet enim continens concupiscentias pravas, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	824 philosophus dicit, in VII Ethic. Ergo continentia non est in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	825 concupiscibili.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	826 <p title="II-II q. 155 a. 3 co."><a name="45272"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	827 "ref">[45272] IIª-IIae, q. 155 a. 3 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	828 dicendum quod omnis virtus in aliquo subiecto existens facit illud
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	829 differre a dispositione quam habet dum subiicitur opposito vitio.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	830 Concupiscibilis autem eodem modo se habet in eo qui est continens,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	831 et in eo qui est incontinens, quia in utroque prorumpit ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	832 concupiscentias pravas vehementes. Unde manifestum est quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	833 continentia non est in concupiscibili sicut in subiecto. Similiter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	834 etiam ratio eodem modo se habet in utroque, quia tam continens quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	835 incontinens habet rationem rectam; et uterque, extra passionem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	836 existens, gerit in proposito concupiscentias illicitas non sequi.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	837 Prima autem differentia eorum invenitur in electione, quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	838 continens, quamvis patiatur vehementes concupiscentias, tamen
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	839 eligit non sequi eas, propter rationem; incontinens autem eligit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	840 sequi eas, non obstante contradictione rationis. Et ideo oportet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	841 quod continentia sit, sicut in subiecto, in illa vi animae cuius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	842 actus est electio. Et haec est voluntas, ut supra habitum est.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	843 <p title="II-II q. 155 a. 3 ad 1"><a name="45273"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	844 "ref">[45273] IIª-IIae, q. 155 a. 3 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	845 ergo dicendum quod continentia habet materiam concupiscentias
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	846 delectationum tactus, non sicut quas moderetur, quod pertinet ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	847 temperantiam, quae est in concupiscibili, sed est circa eas quasi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	848 eis resistens. Unde oportet quod sit in alia vi, quia resistentia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	849 est alterius ad alterum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	850 <p title="II-II q. 155 a. 3 ad 2"><a name="45274"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	851 "ref">[45274] IIª-IIae, q. 155 a. 3 ad 2</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	852 secundum dicendum quod voluntas media est inter rationem et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	853 concupiscibilem, et potest ab utroque moveri. In eo autem qui est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	854 continens, movetur a ratione, in eo autem qui est incontinens,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	855 movetur a concupiscibili. Et ideo continentia potest attribui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	856 rationi sicut primo moventi, et incontinentia concupiscibili,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	857 quamvis utrumque immediate pertineat ad voluntatem sicut ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	858 proprium subiectum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	859 <p title="II-II q. 155 a. 3 ad 3"><a name="45275"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	860 "ref">[45275] IIª-IIae, q. 155 a. 3 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	861 dicendum quod, licet passiones non sint in voluntate sicut in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	862 subiecto, est tamen in potestate voluntatis eis resistere et hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	863 modo voluntas continentis resistit concupiscentiis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	864 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	865 <div class="E">Articulus 4</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	866 <p title="II-II q. 155 a. 4 arg. 1"><a name="45276"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	867 "ref">[45276] IIª-IIae, q. 155 a. 4 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	868 quartum sic proceditur. Videtur quod continentia sit melior quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	869 temperantia. Dicitur enim Eccli. XXVI, <i>omnis autem ponderatio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	870 non est digna continentis animae</i>. Ergo nulla virtus potest
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	871 continentiae adaequari.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	872 <p title="II-II q. 155 a. 4 arg. 2"><a name="45277"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	873 "ref">[45277] IIª-IIae, q. 155 a. 4 arg. 2</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	874 Praeterea, quanto aliqua virtus meretur maius praemium, tanto
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	875 potior est. Sed continentia videtur mereri maius praemium, dicitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	876 enim II ad Tim. II, <i>non coronabitur nisi qui legitime
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	877 certaverit</i>; magis autem certat continens, qui patitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	878 vehementes concupiscentias pravas, quam temperatus, qui non habet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	879 eas vehementes. Ergo continentia est potior virtus quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	880 temperantia.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	881 <p title="II-II q. 155 a. 4 arg. 3"><a name="45278"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	882 "ref">[45278] IIª-IIae, q. 155 a. 4 arg. 3</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	883 Praeterea, voluntas est dignior potentia quam vis concupiscibilis.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	884 Sed continentia est in voluntate, temperantia autem in vi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	885 concupiscibili, ut ex dictis patet. Ergo continentia est potior
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	886 virtus quam temperantia.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	887 <p title="II-II q. 155 a. 4 s. c."><a name="45279"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	888 "ref">[45279] IIª-IIae, q. 155 a. 4 s. c.</span></a> Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	889 contra est quod Tullius et Andronicus ponunt continentiam adiunctam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	890 temperantiae sicut principali virtuti.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	891 <p title="II-II q. 155 a. 4 co."><a name="45280"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	892 "ref">[45280] IIª-IIae, q. 155 a. 4 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	893 dicendum quod, sicut supra dictum est, nomen continentiae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	894 dupliciter accipitur. Uno modo, secundum quod importat cessationem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	895 ab omnibus delectationibus venereis. Et sic sumendo nomen
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	896 continentiae, continentia est potior temperantia simpliciter dicta,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	897 ut patet ex his quae supra dicta sunt de praeeminentia virginitatis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	898 ad castitatem simpliciter dictam. Alio modo potest accipi nomen
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	899 continentiae secundum quod importat resistentiam rationis ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	900 concupiscentias pravas quae sunt in homine vehementes. Et secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	901 hoc, temperantia est multo potior quam continentia. Quia bonum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	902 virtutis laudabile est ex eo quod est secundum rationem. Plus autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	903 viget bonum rationis in eo qui est temperatus, in quo etiam ipse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	904 appetitus sensitivus est subiectus rationi et quasi a ratione
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	905 edomitus, quam in eo qui est continens, in quo appetitus sensitivus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	906 vehementer resistit rationi per concupiscentias pravas. Unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	907 continentia comparatur ad temperantiam sicut imperfectum ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	908 perfectum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	909 <p title="II-II q. 155 a. 4 ad 1"><a name="45281"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	910 "ref">[45281] IIª-IIae, q. 155 a. 4 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	911 ergo dicendum quod auctoritas illa potest dupliciter intelligi. Uno
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	912 modo, secundum quod accipitur continentia prout abstinet ab omnibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	913 venereis. Et hoc modo dicitur quod omnis ponderatio non est digna
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	914 animae continentis, in genere castitatis, quia nec etiam fecunditas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	915 carnis, quae quaeritur in matrimonio, adaequatur continentiae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	916 virginali vel viduali, ut supra dictum est. Alio modo potest
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	917 intelligi secundum quod nomen continentiae accipitur communiter pro
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	918 omni abstinentia a rebus illicitis. Et sic dicitur quod omnis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	919 ponderatio non est digna animae continentis, quia non respicit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	920 aestimationem auri vel argenti, quae commutantur ad pondus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	921 <p title="II-II q. 155 a. 4 ad 2"><a name="45282"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	922 "ref">[45282] IIª-IIae, q. 155 a. 4 ad 2</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	923 secundum dicendum quod magnitudo concupiscentiae, seu debilitas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	924 eius, ex duplici causa procedere potest. Quandoque enim procedit ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	925 causa corporali. Quidam enim ex naturali complexione sunt magis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	926 proni ad concupiscendum quam alii. Et iterum quidam habent
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	927 opportunitates delectationum, concupiscentiam inflammantes, magis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	928 paratas quam alii. Et talis debilitas concupiscentiae diminuit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	929 meritum, magnitudo vero auget. Quandoque vero debilitas vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	930 magnitudo concupiscentiae provenit ex causa spirituali laudabili,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	931 puta ex vehementia caritatis vel fortitudine rationis, sicut est in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	932 homine temperato. Et hoc modo debilitas concupiscentiae auget
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	933 meritum, ratione suae causae, magnitudo vero minuit.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	934 <p title="II-II q. 155 a. 4 ad 3"><a name="45283"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	935 "ref">[45283] IIª-IIae, q. 155 a. 4 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	936 dicendum quod voluntas propinquior est rationi quam vis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	937 concupiscibilis. Unde bonum rationis, ex quo virtus laudatur, maius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	938 esse ostenditur ex hoc quod pertingit non solum usque ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	939 voluntatem, sed etiam usque ad vim concupiscibilem, quod accidit in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	940 eo qui est temperatus, quam si pertingat solum ad voluntatem, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	941 accidit in eo qui est continens.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	942 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	943 <div class="D">Quaestio 156</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	944 <div class="G">Prooemium</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	945 <p title="II-II q. 156 pr."><a name="45284"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	946 "ref">[45284] IIª-IIae, q. 156 pr.</span></a> Deinde
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	947 considerandum est de incontinentia. Et circa hoc quaeruntur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	948 quatuor. Primo, utrum incontinentia pertineat ad animam, vel ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	949 corpus. Secundo, utrum incontinentia sit peccatum. Tertio, de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	950 comparatione incontinentiae ad intemperantiam. Quarto, quis sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	951 turpior, utrum incontinens irae, vel incontinens
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	952 concupiscentiae.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	953 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	954 <div class="E">Articulus 1</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	955 <p title="II-II q. 156 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="45285"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	956 "ref">[45285] IIª-IIae, q. 156 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	957 primum sic proceditur. Videtur quod incontinentia non pertineat ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	958 animam, sed ad corpus. Diversitas enim sexuum non est ex parte
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	959 animae, sed ex parte corporis. Sed diversitas sexuum facit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	960 diversitatem circa incontinentiam, dicit enim philosophus, in VII
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	961 Ethic., quod mulieres non dicuntur neque continentes neque
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	962 incontinentes. Ergo continentia non pertinet ad animam, sed ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	963 corpus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	964 <p title="II-II q. 156 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="45286"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	965 "ref">[45286] IIª-IIae, q. 156 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	966 Praeterea, illud quod pertinet ad animam, non sequitur corporis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	967 complexiones. Sed incontinentia sequitur corporis complexionem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	968 dicit enim philosophus, in VII Ethic., quod <i>maxime acuti</i>,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	969 idest cholerici, <i>et melancholici secundum irrefrenatam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	970 concupiscentiam sunt incontinentes</i>. Ergo incontinentia pertinet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	971 ad corpus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	972 <p title="II-II q. 156 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="45287"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	973 "ref">[45287] IIª-IIae, q. 156 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	974 Praeterea, victoria magis pertinet ad eum qui vincit quam ad eum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	975 qui vincitur. Sed ex hoc dicitur aliquis esse incontinens quod caro
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	976 concupiscens adversus spiritum superat ipsum. Ergo incontinentia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	977 magis pertinet ad carnem quam ad animam.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	978 <p title="II-II q. 156 a. 1 s. c."><a name="45288"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	979 "ref">[45288] IIª-IIae, q. 156 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	980 contra est quod homo differt a bestiis principaliter secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	981 animam. Differt autem secundum rationem continentiae et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	982 incontinentiae, bestias autem dicimus neque continentes neque
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	983 incontinentes, ut patet per philosophum, in VII Ethic. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	984 incontinentia maxime est ex parte animae.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	985 <p title="II-II q. 156 a. 1 co."><a name="45289"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	986 "ref">[45289] IIª-IIae, q. 156 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	987 dicendum quod unumquodque attribuitur magis ei quod est causa per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	988 se quam ei quod solam occasionem praestat. Id autem quod est ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	989 parte corporis, solum occasionem incontinentiae praestat. Ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	990 dispositione enim corporis potest contingere quod insurgant
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	991 passiones vehementes in appetitu sensitivo, qui est virtus corporei
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	992 organi, sed huiusmodi passiones, quantumcumque vehementes, non sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	993 sufficiens causa incontinentiae sed occasio sola; eo quod, durante
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	994 usu rationis, semper homo potest passionibus resistere. Si vero
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	995 passiones adeo increscant quod totaliter auferant usum rationis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	996 sicut accidit in his qui propter vehementiam passionum amentiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	997 incurrunt, non remanebit ratio continentiae neque incontinentiae,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	998 quia non salvatur in eis iudicium rationis, quod continens servat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	999 et incontinens deserit. Et sic relinquitur quod per se causa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1000 incontinentiae sit ex parte animae, quae ratione passioni non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1001 resistit. Quod quidem fit duobus modis, ut philosophus dicit, in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1002 VII Ethic. Uno modo, quando anima passionibus cedit antequam ratio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1003 consilietur, quae quidem vocatur irrefrenata incontinentia, vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1004 praevolatio. Alio modo, quando non permanet homo in his quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1005 consiliata sunt, eo quod debiliter est firmatus in eo quod ratio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1006 iudicavit, unde et haec incontinentia vocatur debilitas. Et sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1007 patet quod incontinentia principaliter ad animam pertinet.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1008 <p title="II-II q. 156 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="45290"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1009 "ref">[45290] IIª-IIae, q. 156 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1010 ergo dicendum quod anima humana est corporis forma, et habet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1011 quasdam vires corporeis organis utentes, quarum operationes aliquid
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1012 conferunt etiam ad illa opera animae quae sunt sine corporeis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1013 instrumentis, idest ad actum intellectus et voluntatis, inquantum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1014 scilicet intellectus a sensu accipit, et voluntas impellitur a
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1015 passione appetitus sensitivi. Et secundum hoc, quia femina secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1016 corpus habet quandam debilem complexionem, fit ut in pluribus quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1017 etiam debiliter inhaereat quibuscumque inhaeret, etsi raro in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1018 aliquibus aliter accidat, secundum illud Proverb. ult., <i>mulierem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1019 fortem quis inveniet?</i> Et quia id quod est parvum vel debile
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1020 reputatur quasi nullum, inde est quod philosophus loquitur de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1021 mulieribus quasi non habentibus iudicium rationis firmum, quamvis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1022 in aliquibus mulieribus contrarium accidat. Et propter hoc dicit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1023 quod mulieres non dicimus continentes, quia non ducunt, quasi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1024 habentes solidam rationem, sed ducuntur, quasi de facili sequentes
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1025 passiones.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1026 <p title="II-II q. 156 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="45291"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1027 "ref">[45291] IIª-IIae, q. 156 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1028 secundum dicendum quod ex impetu passionis contingit quod aliquis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1029 statim passionem sequatur, ante consilium rationis. Impetus autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1030 passionis provenire potest vel ex velocitate, sicut in cholericis;
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1031 vel ex vehementia, sicut in melancholicis, qui propter terrestrem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1032 complexionem vehementissime inflammantur. Sicut et e contrario
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1033 contingit quod aliquis non persistat in eo quod consiliatum est, ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1034 eo quod debiliter inhaeret, propter mollitiem complexionis, ut de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1035 mulieribus dictum est. Quod etiam videtur in phlegmaticis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1036 contingere, propter eandem causam sicut etiam in mulieribus. Haec
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1037 autem accidunt inquantum ex complexione corporis datur aliqua
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1038 incontinentiae occasio, non autem causa sufficiens, ut dictum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1039 est.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1040 <p title="II-II q. 156 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="45292"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1041 "ref">[45292] IIª-IIae, q. 156 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1042 dicendum quod concupiscentia carnis in eo qui est incontinens,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1043 superat spiritum non ex necessitate, sed per quandam negligentiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1044 spiritus non resistentis fortiter.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1045 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1046 <div class="E">Articulus 2</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1047 <p title="II-II q. 156 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="45293"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1048 "ref">[45293] IIª-IIae, q. 156 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1049 secundum sic proceditur. Videtur quod incontinentia non sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1050 peccatum. Quia, ut Augustinus dicit, in libro de Lib. Arbit.,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1051 <i>nullus peccat in eo quod vitare non potest</i>. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1052 incontinentiam nullus potest ex seipso vitare, secundum illud Sap.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1053 VIII, <i>scio quod non possum esse continens nisi Deus det</i>.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1054 Ergo incontinentia non est peccatum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1055 <p title="II-II q. 156 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="45294"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1056 "ref">[45294] IIª-IIae, q. 156 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1057 Praeterea, omne peccatum in ratione videtur consistere. Sed in eo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1058 qui est incontinens, vincitur iudicium rationis. Ergo incontinentia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1059 non est peccatum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1060 <p title="II-II q. 156 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="45295"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1061 "ref">[45295] IIª-IIae, q. 156 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1062 Praeterea, nullus peccat ex eo quod vehementer Deum amat. Sed ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1063 vehementia divini amoris aliquis fit incontinens, dicit enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1064 Dionysius, IV cap. de Div. Nom., quod <i>Paulus per incontinentiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1065 divini amoris dixit, vivo ego, iam non ego</i>. Ergo incontinentia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1066 non est peccatum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1067 <p title="II-II q. 156 a. 2 s. c."><a name="45296"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1068 "ref">[45296] IIª-IIae, q. 156 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1069 contra est quod connumeratur aliis peccatis, II ad Tim. III, ubi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1070 dicitur, criminatores, incontinentes, immites, et cetera. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1071 incontinentia est peccatum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1072 <p title="II-II q. 156 a. 2 co."><a name="45297"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1073 "ref">[45297] IIª-IIae, q. 156 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1074 dicendum quod incontinentia potest attendi circa aliquid
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1075 tripliciter. Uno modo, proprie et simpliciter. Et sic incontinentia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1076 attenditur circa concupiscentias delectationum tactus, sicut et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1077 intemperantia, ut supra dictum est de continentia. Et hoc modo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1078 incontinentia est peccatum, duplici ratione, uno modo, ex eo quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1079 incontinens recedit ab eo quod est secundum rationem; alio modo, ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1080 eo quod se immergit quibusdam turpibus delectationibus. Et ideo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1081 philosophus dicit, in VII Ethic., quod incontinentia vituperatur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1082 non solum sicut peccatum, quod scilicet est per recessum a ratione,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1083 sed sicut malitia quaedam, inquantum scilicet pravas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1084 concupiscentias sequitur. Alio modo incontinentia dicitur circa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1085 aliquid, proprie quidem, inquantum homo recedit ab eo quod est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1086 secundum rationem, sed non simpliciter, puta cum aliquis non servat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1087 modum rationis in concupiscentia honoris, divitiarum et aliorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1088 huiusmodi, quae secundum se videntur esse bona; circa quae non est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1089 incontinentia simpliciter, sed secundum quid, sicut supra de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1090 continentia dictum est. Et sic incontinentia est peccatum, non ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1091 eo quod aliquis ingerat se pravis concupiscentiis, sed eo quod non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1092 servat modum debitum rationis, etiam in concupiscentia rerum per se
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1093 appetendarum. Tertio modo incontinentia dicitur esse circa aliquid
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1094 non proprie, sed secundum similitudinem, puta circa concupiscentias
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1095 eorum quibus non potest aliquis male uti, puta circa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1096 concupiscentias virtutum. Circa quas potest dici aliquis esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1097 incontinens per similitudinem, quia sicut ille qui est incontinens
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1098 totaliter ducitur per concupiscentiam malam, ita aliquis totaliter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1099 ducitur per concupiscentiam bonam, quae est secundum rationem. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1100 talis incontinentia non est peccatum, sed pertinet ad perfectionem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1101 virtutis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1102 <p title="II-II q. 156 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="45298"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1103 "ref">[45298] IIª-IIae, q. 156 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1104 ergo dicendum quod homo potest vitare peccatum et facere bonum, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1105 tamen sine divino auxilio, secundum illud Ioan. XV, <i>sine me
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1106 nihil potestis facere</i>. Unde per hoc quod homo indiget divino
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1107 auxilio ad hoc quod sit continens, non excluditur quin
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1108 incontinentia sit peccatum, quia, ut dicitur in III Ethic., <i>quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1109 per amicos possumus, aliqualiter per nos possumus</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1110 <p title="II-II q. 156 a. 2 ad 2"><a name="45299"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1111 "ref">[45299] IIª-IIae, q. 156 a. 2 ad 2</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1112 secundum dicendum quod in eo qui est incontinens vincitur iudicium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1113 rationis, non quidem ex necessitate, quod auferret rationem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1114 peccati, sed ex negligentia quadam hominis non firmiter intendentis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1115 ad resistendum passioni per iudicium rationis quod habet.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1116 <p title="II-II q. 156 a. 2 ad 3"><a name="45300"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1117 "ref">[45300] IIª-IIae, q. 156 a. 2 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1118 dicendum quod ratio illa procedit de incontinentia per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1119 similitudinem dicta, et non proprie.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1120 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1121 <div class="E">Articulus 3</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1122 <p title="II-II q. 156 a. 3 arg. 1"><a name="45301"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1123 "ref">[45301] IIª-IIae, q. 156 a. 3 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1124 tertium sic proceditur. Videtur quod incontinens plus peccet quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1125 intemperatus. Tanto enim aliquis videtur gravius peccare, quanto
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1126 magis contra conscientiam agit, secundum illud Luc. XII, <i>servus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1127 sciens voluntatem domini sui et faciens digna plagis, vapulabit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1128 multis</i>. Sed incontinens magis videtur agere contra conscientiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1129 quam intemperatus, quia, ut dicitur in VII Ethic., incontinens,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1130 sciens quoniam prava sunt quae concupiscit, nihilominus agit,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1131 propter passionem; intemperatus autem iudicat ea quae concupiscit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1132 esse bona. Ergo incontinens gravius peccat quam intemperatus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1133 <p title="II-II q. 156 a. 3 arg. 2"><a name="45302"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1134 "ref">[45302] IIª-IIae, q. 156 a. 3 arg. 2</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1135 Praeterea, quanto aliquod peccatum gravius est, tanto videtur esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1136 minus sanabile, unde et peccata in spiritum sanctum, quae sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1137 gravissima, dicuntur esse irremissibilia. Sed peccatum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1138 incontinentiae videtur esse insanabilius quam peccatum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1139 intemperantiae. Sanatur enim peccatum alicuius per admonitionem et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1140 correctionem, quae nihil videtur conferre incontinenti, qui scit se
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1141 male agere, et nihilominus male agit, intemperato autem videtur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1142 quod bene agat, et sic aliquid ei conferre posset admonitio. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1143 videtur quod incontinens gravius peccet quam intemperatus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1144 <p title="II-II q. 156 a. 3 arg. 3"><a name="45303"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1145 "ref">[45303] IIª-IIae, q. 156 a. 3 arg. 3</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1146 Praeterea, quanto aliquis ex maiori libidine peccat, tanto gravius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1147 peccat. Sed incontinens peccat ex maiori libidine quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1148 intemperatus, quia incontinens habet vehementes concupiscentias,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1149 quas non semper habet intemperatus. Ergo incontinens magis peccat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1150 quam intemperatus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1151 <p title="II-II q. 156 a. 3 s. c."><a name="45304"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1152 "ref">[45304] IIª-IIae, q. 156 a. 3 s. c.</span></a> Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1153 contra est quod impoenitentia aggravat omne peccatum, unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1154 Augustinus, in libro de Verb. Dom., dicit quod impoenitentia est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1155 peccatum in spiritum sanctum. Sed sicut philosophus dicit, in VII
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1156 Ethic., <i>intemperatus non est poenitivus, immanet enim electioni,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1157 incontinens autem omnis est poenitivus</i>. Ergo intemperatus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1158 gravius peccat quam incontinens.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1159 <p title="II-II q. 156 a. 3 co."><a name="45305"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1160 "ref">[45305] IIª-IIae, q. 156 a. 3 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1161 dicendum quod peccatum, secundum Augustinum, praecipue in voluntate
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1162 consistit, voluntas enim est qua peccatur et recte vivitur. Et ideo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1163 ubi est maior inclinatio voluntatis ad peccandum, ibi est gravius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1164 peccatum. In eo autem qui est intemperatus, voluntas inclinatur ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1165 peccandum ex propria electione, quae procedit ex habitu per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1166 consuetudinem acquisito. In eo autem qui est incontinens, voluntas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1167 inclinatur ad peccandum ex aliqua passione. Et quia passio cito
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1168 transit, habitus autem est qualitas difficile mobilis, inde est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1169 quod incontinens statim poenitet, transeunte passione, quod non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1170 accidit de intemperato, quinimmo gaudet se peccasse, eo quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1171 operatio peccati est sibi facta connaturalis secundum habitum. Unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1172 de his dicitur Proverb. II, quod <i>laetantur cum male fecerint, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1173 exultant in rebus pessimis</i>. Unde patet quod intemperatus est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1174 multo peior quam incontinens, ut etiam philosophus dicit, in VII
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1175 Ethic.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1176 <p title="II-II q. 156 a. 3 ad 1"><a name="45306"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1177 "ref">[45306] IIª-IIae, q. 156 a. 3 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1178 ergo dicendum quod ignorantia intellectus quandoque quidem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1179 praecedit inclinationem appetitus, et causat eam. Et sic, quanto
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1180 est maior ignorantia, tanto magis peccatum diminuit, vel totaliter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1181 excusat, inquantum causat involuntarium. Alio modo e converso
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1182 ignorantia rationis sequitur inclinationem appetitus. Et talis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1183 ignorantia quanto est maior, tanto peccatum est gravius, quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1184 ostenditur inclinatio appetitus esse maior. Ignorantia autem tam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1185 incontinentis quam intemperati provenit ex eo quod appetitus est in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1186 aliquid inclinatus, sive per passionem, sicut in incontinente; sive
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1187 per habitum, sicut in intemperato. Maior autem ignorantia causatur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1188 ex hoc in intemperato quam in incontinente. Et uno quidem modo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1189 quantum ad durationem. Quia in incontinente durat illa ignorantia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1190 solum passione durante, sicut accessio febris tertianae durat,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1191 durante commotione humoris. Ignorantia autem intemperati durat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1192 assidue, propter permanentiam habitus, unde assimilatur phthisicae,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1193 vel cuicumque morbo continuo, ut philosophus dicit, in VII Ethic.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1194 Alio autem modo est maior ignorantia intemperati, quantum ad id
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1195 quod ignoratur. Nam ignorantia incontinentis attenditur quantum ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1196 aliquod particulare eligibile, prout scilicet aestimat hoc nunc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1197 esse eligendum, sed intemperatus habet ignorantiam circa ipsum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1198 finem, inquantum scilicet iudicat hoc esse bonum, ut irrefrenate
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1199 concupiscentias sequatur. Unde philosophus, in VII Ethic., dicit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1200 quod incontinens est melior intemperato, quia salvatur in eo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1201 optimum principium, scilicet recta existimatio de fine.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1202 <p title="II-II q. 156 a. 3 ad 2"><a name="45307"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1203 "ref">[45307] IIª-IIae, q. 156 a. 3 ad 2</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1204 secundum dicendum quod ad sanationem incontinentis non sufficit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1205 sola cognitio, sed requiritur interius auxilium gratiae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1206 concupiscentiam mitigantis, et adhibetur etiam exterius remedium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1207 admonitionis et correctionis, ex quibus aliquis incipit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1208 concupiscentiis resistere, ex quo concupiscentia debilitatur, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1209 supra dictum est. Et iisdem etiam modis potest sanari intemperatus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1210 sed difficilior est eius sanatio, propter duo. Quorum primum est ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1211 parte rationis, quae corrupta est circa aestimationem ultimi finis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1212 quod se habet sicut principium in demonstrativis, difficilius autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1213 reducitur ad veritatem ille qui errat circa principium, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1214 similiter in operativis ille qui errat circa finem. Aliud autem est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1215 ex parte inclinationis appetitus, quae in intemperato est ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1216 habitu, qui difficile tollitur, inclinatio autem incontinentis est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1217 ex passione, quae facilius reprimi potest.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1218 <p title="II-II q. 156 a. 3 ad 3"><a name="45308"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1219 "ref">[45308] IIª-IIae, q. 156 a. 3 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1220 dicendum quod libido voluntatis, quae auget peccatum, maior est in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1221 intemperato quam in incontinente, ut ex dictis patet. Sed libido
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1222 concupiscentiae appetitus sensitivi quandoque maior est in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1223 incontinente, quia incontinens non peccat nisi a gravi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1224 concupiscentia; sed intemperatus etiam ex levi concupiscentia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1225 peccat, et quandoque eam praevenit. Et ideo philosophus dicit, in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1226 VII Ethic., quod magis intemperatum vituperamus, quia non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1227 concupiscens, vel quiete, idest remisse concupiscens, persequitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1228 delectationes. Quid enim faceret si adesset concupiscentia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1229 iuvenilis?</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1230 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1231 <div class="E">Articulus 4</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1232 <p title="II-II q. 156 a. 4 arg. 1"><a name="45309"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1233 "ref">[45309] IIª-IIae, q. 156 a. 4 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1234 quartum sic proceditur. Videtur quod incontinens irae sit peior
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1235 quam incontinens concupiscentiae. Quanto enim difficilius est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1236 resistere passioni, tanto incontinentia videtur esse levior, unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1237 philosophus dicit, in VII Ethic., <i>non enim, si quis a fortibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1238 et superexcellentibus delectationibus vincitur vel tristitiis, est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1239 admirabile, sed condonabile. Sed, sicut Heraclitus dixit,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1240 difficilius est pugnare contra concupiscentiam quam contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1241 iram</i>. Ergo levior est incontinentia concupiscentiae quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1242 incontinentia irae.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1243 <p title="II-II q. 156 a. 4 arg. 2"><a name="45310"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1244 "ref">[45310] IIª-IIae, q. 156 a. 4 arg. 2</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1245 Praeterea, si passio per suam vehementiam totaliter auferat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1246 iudicium rationis, omnino excusatur aliquis a peccato, sicut patet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1247 in eo qui incidit ex passione in furiam. Sed plus remanet de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1248 iudicio rationis in eo qui est incontinens irae, quam in eo qui est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1249 incontinens concupiscentiae, <i>iratus enim aliqualiter audit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1250 rationem, non autem concupiscens</i>, ut patet per philosophum, in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1251 VII Ethic. Ergo incontinens irae est peior quam incontinens
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1252 concupiscentiae.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1253 <p title="II-II q. 156 a. 4 arg. 3"><a name="45311"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1254 "ref">[45311] IIª-IIae, q. 156 a. 4 arg. 3</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1255 Praeterea, tanto aliquod peccatum videtur esse gravius, quanto est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1256 periculosius. Sed incontinentia irae videtur esse periculosior,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1257 quia perducit hominem ad maius peccatum, scilicet ad homicidium,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1258 quod est gravius peccatum quam adulterium, ad quod perducit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1259 incontinentia concupiscentiae. Ergo incontinentia irae est gravior
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1260 quam incontinentia concupiscentiae.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1261 <p title="II-II q. 156 a. 4 s. c."><a name="45312"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1262 "ref">[45312] IIª-IIae, q. 156 a. 4 s. c.</span></a> Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1263 contra est quod philosophus dicit, in VII Ethic., quod <i>minus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1264 turpis est incontinentia irae quam incontinentia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1265 concupiscentiae</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1266 <p title="II-II q. 156 a. 4 co."><a name="45313"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1267 "ref">[45313] IIª-IIae, q. 156 a. 4 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1268 dicendum quod peccatum incontinentiae potest dupliciter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1269 considerari. Uno modo, ex parte passionis ex qua ratio superatur.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1270 Et sic incontinentia concupiscentiae est turpior quam incontinentia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1271 irae, quia motus concupiscentiae habet maiorem inordinationem quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1272 motus irae. Et hoc propter quatuor, quae philosophus tangit in VII
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1273 Ethic. Primo quidem, quia motus irae participat aliqualiter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1274 ratione, inquantum scilicet iratus tendit ad vindicandum iniuriam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1275 sibi factam, quod aliqualiter ratio dictat, sed non perfecte, quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1276 non intendit debitum modum vindictae. Sed motus concupiscentiae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1277 totaliter est secundum sensum, et nullo modo secundum rationem.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1278 Secundo, quia motus irae magis consequitur corporis complexionem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1279 propter velocitatem motus cholerae, quae intendit ad iram. Unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1280 magis est in promptu quod ille qui est secundum complexionem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1281 corporis dispositus ad irascendum, irascatur, quam quod ille qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1282 est dispositus ad concupiscendum, concupiscat. Unde etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1283 frequentius ex iracundis nascuntur iracundi quam ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1284 concupiscentibus concupiscentes. Quod autem provenit ex naturali
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1285 corporis dispositione, reputatur magis venia dignum. Tertio, quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1286 ira quaerit manifeste operari. Sed concupiscentia quaerit latebras,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1287 et dolose subintrat. Quarto, quia concupiscens delectabiliter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1288 operatur, sed iratus quasi quadam tristitia praecedente coactus.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1289 Alio modo potest considerari peccatum incontinentiae quantum ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1290 malum in quod quis incidit a ratione discedens. Et sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1291 incontinentia irae est, ut plurimum, gravior, quia ducit in ea quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1292 pertinent ad proximi nocumentum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1293 <p title="II-II q. 156 a. 4 ad 1"><a name="45314"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1294 "ref">[45314] IIª-IIae, q. 156 a. 4 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1295 ergo dicendum quod difficilius est assidue pugnare contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1296 delectationem quam contra iram, quia concupiscentia est magis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1297 continua, sed ad horam difficilius est resistere irae, propter eius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1298 impetum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1299 <p title="II-II q. 156 a. 4 ad 2"><a name="45315"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1300 "ref">[45315] IIª-IIae, q. 156 a. 4 ad 2</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1301 secundum dicendum quod concupiscentia dicitur esse sine ratione,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1302 non quia totaliter auferat iudicium rationis, sed quia in nullo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1303 procedit secundum iudicium rationis. Et ex hoc est turpior.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1304 <p title="II-II q. 156 a. 4 ad 3"><a name="45316"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1305 "ref">[45316] IIª-IIae, q. 156 a. 4 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1306 dicendum quod ratio illa procedit ex parte eorum in quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1307 incontinens deducitur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1308 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1309 <div class="D">Quaestio 157</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1310 <div class="G">Prooemium</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1311 <p title="II-II q. 157 pr."><a name="45317"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1312 "ref">[45317] IIª-IIae, q. 157 pr.</span></a> Deinde
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1313 considerandum est de clementia et mansuetudine, et vitiis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1314 oppositis. Circa ipsas autem virtutes quaeruntur quatuor. Primo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1315 utrum clementia et mansuetudo sint idem. Secundo, utrum utraque
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1316 earum sit virtus. Tertio, utrum utraque earum sit pars
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1317 temperantiae. Quarto, de comparatione earum ad alias virtutes.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1318 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1319 <div class="E">Articulus 1</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1320 <p title="II-II q. 157 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="45318"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1321 "ref">[45318] IIª-IIae, q. 157 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1322 primum sic proceditur. Videtur quod clementia et mansuetudo sint
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1323 penitus idem. Mansuetudo enim est moderativa irarum, ut philosophus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1324 dicit, in IV Ethic. Ira autem est appetitus vindictae. <i>Cum ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1325 clementia sit lenitas superioris adversus inferiorem in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1326 constituendis poenis</i>, ut Seneca dicit, in II de clementia; per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1327 poenas autem fit vindicta, videtur quod clementia et mansuetudo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1328 sint idem.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1329 <p title="II-II q. 157 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="45319"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1330 "ref">[45319] IIª-IIae, q. 157 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1331 Praeterea, Tullius dicit, in II Rhet., quod <i>clementia est virtus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1332 per quam animus concitatus in odium alicuius, benignitate
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1333 retinetur</i>, et sic videtur quod clementia sit moderativa odii.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1334 Sed odium, ut Augustinus dicit, causatur ab ira, circa quam est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1335 mansuetudo. Ergo videtur quod mansuetudo et clementia sint
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1336 idem.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1337 <p title="II-II q. 157 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="45320"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1338 "ref">[45320] IIª-IIae, q. 157 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1339 Praeterea, idem vitium non contrariatur diversis virtutibus. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1340 idem vitium opponitur mansuetudini et clementiae, scilicet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1341 crudelitas. Ergo videtur quod mansuetudo et clementia sint penitus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1342 idem.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1343 <p title="II-II q. 157 a. 1 s. c."><a name="45321"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1344 "ref">[45321] IIª-IIae, q. 157 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1345 contra est quod secundum praedictam definitionem Senecae, clementia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1346 est lenitas superioris adversus inferiorem. Mansuetudo autem non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1347 solum est superioris ad inferiorem, sed cuiuslibet ad quemlibet.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1348 Ergo mansuetudo et clementia non sunt penitus idem.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1349 <p title="II-II q. 157 a. 1 co."><a name="45322"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1350 "ref">[45322] IIª-IIae, q. 157 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1351 dicendum quod, sicut dicitur in II Ethic., virtus moralis consistit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1352 circa passiones et actiones. Passiones autem interiores sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1353 actionum exteriorum principia, aut etiam impedimenta. Et ideo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1354 virtutes quae moderantur passiones quodammodo concurrunt in eundem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1355 effectum cum virtutibus quae moderantur actiones, licet specie
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1356 differant. Sicut ad iustitiam proprie pertinet cohibere hominem a
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1357 furto, ad quod aliquis inclinatur per inordinatum amorem vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1358 concupiscentiam pecuniae, quae moderantur per liberalitatem, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1359 ideo liberalitas concurrit cum iustitia in hoc effectu qui est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1360 abstinere a furto. Et hoc etiam considerandum est in proposito. Nam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1361 ex passione irae provocatur aliquis ad hoc quod graviorem inferat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1362 poenam. Ad clementiam autem pertinet directe quod sit diminutiva
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1363 poenarum, quod quidem impediri posset per excessum irae. Et ideo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1364 mansuetudo, inquantum refrenat impetum irae, concurrit in eundem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1365 effectum cum clementia. Differunt tamen ab invicem, inquantum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1366 clementia est moderativa exterioris punitionis, mansuetudo autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1367 proprie diminuit passionem irae.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1368 <p title="II-II q. 157 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="45323"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1369 "ref">[45323] IIª-IIae, q. 157 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1370 ergo dicendum quod mansuetudo proprie respicit ipsum vindictae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1371 appetitum. Sed clementia respicit ipsas poenas quae exterius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1372 adhibentur ad vindictam.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1373 <p title="II-II q. 157 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="45324"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1374 "ref">[45324] IIª-IIae, q. 157 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1375 secundum dicendum quod affectus hominis inclinatur ad minorationem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1376 eorum quae homini per se non placent. Ex hoc autem quod aliquis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1377 amat aliquem, contingit quod non placet ei per se poena eius, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1378 solum in ordine ad aliud, puta ad iustitiam, vel ad correctionem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1379 eius qui punitur. Et ideo ex amore provenit quod aliquis sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1380 promptus ad diminuendum poenas, quod pertinet ad clementiam, et ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1381 odio impeditur talis diminutio. Et propter hoc Tullius dicit quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1382 animus concitatus in odium, scilicet ad gravius puniendum, per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1383 clementiam retinetur, ne scilicet acriorem poenam inferat, non quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1384 clementia sit directe odii moderativa, sed poenae.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1385 <p title="II-II q. 157 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="45325"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1386 "ref">[45325] IIª-IIae, q. 157 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1387 dicendum quod mansuetudini, quae est directe circa iras proprie
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1388 opponitur vitium iracundiae, quod importat excessum irae. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1389 crudelitas importat excessum in puniendo. Unde dicit Seneca, in II
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1390 de Clem., quod <i>crudeles vocantur qui puniendi causam habent,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1391 modum non habent</i>. Qui autem in poenis hominum propter se
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1392 delectantur, etiam sine causa, possunt dici saevi vel feri, quasi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1393 affectum humanum non habentes, ex quo naturaliter homo diligit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1394 hominem.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1395 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1396 <div class="E">Articulus 2</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1397 <p title="II-II q. 157 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="45326"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1398 "ref">[45326] IIª-IIae, q. 157 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1399 secundum sic proceditur. Videtur quod neque clementia neque
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1400 mansuetudo sit virtus. Nulla enim virtus alteri virtuti opponitur.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1401 Sed utraque videtur opponi severitati, quae est quaedam virtus.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1402 Ergo neque clementia neque mansuetudo est virtus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1403 <p title="II-II q. 157 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="45327"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1404 "ref">[45327] IIª-IIae, q. 157 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1405 Praeterea, virtus corrumpitur per superfluum et diminutum. Sed tam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1406 clementia quam mansuetudo in diminutione quadam consistunt, nam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1407 clementia est diminutiva poenarum, mansuetudo autem est diminutiva
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1408 irae. Ergo neque clementia neque mansuetudo est virtus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1409 <p title="II-II q. 157 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="45328"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1410 "ref">[45328] IIª-IIae, q. 157 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1411 Praeterea, mansuetudo, sive mititas, ponitur, Matth. V, inter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1412 beatitudines; et inter fructus, Galat. V. Sed virtutes differunt et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1413 a beatitudinibus et a fructibus. Ergo non continetur sub
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1414 virtute.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1415 <p title="II-II q. 157 a. 2 s. c."><a name="45329"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1416 "ref">[45329] IIª-IIae, q. 157 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1417 contra est quod Seneca dicit, in II de Clem., <i>clementiam et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1418 mansuetudinem omnes boni viri praestabunt</i>. Sed virtus est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1419 proprie quae pertinet ad bonos viros, nam <i>virtus est quae bonum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1420 facit habentem, et opus eius bonum reddit</i>, ut dicitur in II
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1421 Ethic. Ergo clementia et mansuetudo sunt virtutes.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1422 <p title="II-II q. 157 a. 2 co."><a name="45330"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1423 "ref">[45330] IIª-IIae, q. 157 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1424 dicendum quod ratio virtutis moralis consistit in hoc quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1425 appetitus rationi subdatur, ut patet per philosophum, in I Ethic.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1426 Hoc autem servatur tam in clementia quam in mansuetudine, nam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1427 clementia in diminuendo poenas aspicit ad rationem, ut Seneca
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1428 dicit, in II de Clem.; similiter etiam mansuetudo secundum rationem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1429 rectam moderatur iras, ut dicitur in IV Ethic. Unde manifestum est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1430 quod tam clementia quam mansuetudo est virtus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1431 <p title="II-II q. 157 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="45331"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1432 "ref">[45331] IIª-IIae, q. 157 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1433 ergo dicendum quod mansuetudo non directe opponitur severitati, nam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1434 mansuetudo est circa iras, severitas autem attenditur circa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1435 exteriorem inflictionem poenarum. Unde secundum hoc, videretur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1436 magis opponi clementiae, quae etiam circa exteriorem punitionem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1437 consideratur, ut dictum est. Non tamen opponitur, eo quod utrumque
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1438 est secundum rationem rectam. Nam severitas inflexibilis est circa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1439 inflictionem poenarum quando hoc recta ratio requirit, clementia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1440 autem diminutiva est poenarum etiam secundum rationem rectam,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1441 quando scilicet oportet, et in quibus oportet. Et ideo non sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1442 opposita, quia non sunt circa idem.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1443 <p title="II-II q. 157 a. 2 ad 2"><a name="45332"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1444 "ref">[45332] IIª-IIae, q. 157 a. 2 ad 2</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1445 secundum dicendum quod, secundum philosophum, in IV Ethic.,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1446 <i>habitus qui medium tenet in ira, est innominatus; et ideo virtus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1447 nominatur a diminutione irae, quae significatur nomine
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1448 mansuetudinis</i>, eo quod virtus propinquior est diminutioni quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1449 superabundantiae, propter hoc quod naturalius est homini appetere
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1450 vindictam iniuriarum illatarum quam ab hoc deficere; quia <i>vix
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1451 alicui nimis parvae videntur iniuriae sibi illatae</i>, ut dicit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1452 Sallustius. Clementia autem est diminutiva poenarum, non quidem in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1453 respectu ad id quod est secundum rationem rectam, sed in respectu
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1454 ad id quod est secundum legem communem, quam respicit iustitia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1455 legalis, sed propter aliqua particularia considerata, clementia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1456 diminuit poenas, quasi decernens hominem non esse magis puniendum.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1457 Unde dicit Seneca, in II de Clem., <i>clementia hoc primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1458 praestat, ut quos dimittit, nihil aliud illos pati debuisse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1459 pronuntiat, venia vero debitae poenae remissio est</i>. Ex quo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1460 patet quod clementia comparatur ad severitatem sicut epieikeia ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1461 iustitiam legalem, cuius pars est severitas quantum ad inflictionem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1462 poenarum secundum legem. Differt tamen clementia ab epieikeia, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1463 infra dicetur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1464 <p title="II-II q. 157 a. 2 ad 3"><a name="45333"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1465 "ref">[45333] IIª-IIae, q. 157 a. 2 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1466 dicendum quod beatitudines sunt actus virtutum, fructus autem sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1467 delectationes de actibus virtutum. Et ideo nihil prohibet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1468 mansuetudinem poni et virtutem et beatitudinem et fructum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1469 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1470 <div class="E">Articulus 3</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1471 <p title="II-II q. 157 a. 3 arg. 1"><a name="45334"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1472 "ref">[45334] IIª-IIae, q. 157 a. 3 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1473 tertium sic proceditur. Videtur quod praedictae virtutes non sint
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1474 partes temperantiae. Clementia enim est diminutiva poenarum, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1475 dictum est. Hoc autem philosophus, in V Ethic., attribuit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1476 epieikeiae, quae pertinet ad iustitiam, ut supra habitum est. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1477 videtur quod clementia non sit pars temperantiae.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1478 <p title="II-II q. 157 a. 3 arg. 2"><a name="45335"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1479 "ref">[45335] IIª-IIae, q. 157 a. 3 arg. 2</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1480 Praeterea, temperantia est circa concupiscentias. Mansuetudo autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1481 et clementia non respiciunt concupiscentias, sed magis iram et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1482 vindictam. Non ergo debent poni partes temperantiae.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1483 <p title="II-II q. 157 a. 3 arg. 3"><a name="45336"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1484 "ref">[45336] IIª-IIae, q. 157 a. 3 arg. 3</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1485 Praeterea, Seneca dicit, in II de Clem., <i>cui voluptati saevitia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1486 est, possumus insaniam vocare</i>. Hoc autem opponitur clementiae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1487 et mansuetudini. Cum ergo insania opponatur prudentiae, videtur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1488 quod clementia et mansuetudo sint partes prudentiae, magis quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1489 temperantiae.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1490 <p title="II-II q. 157 a. 3 s. c."><a name="45337"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1491 "ref">[45337] IIª-IIae, q. 157 a. 3 s. c.</span></a> Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1492 contra est quod Seneca dicit, in II de Clem., quod <i>clementia est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1493 temperantia animi in potestate ulciscendi</i>. Tullius etiam ponit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1494 clementiam partem temperantiae.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1495 <p title="II-II q. 157 a. 3 co."><a name="45338"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1496 "ref">[45338] IIª-IIae, q. 157 a. 3 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1497 dicendum quod partes assignantur virtutibus principalibus secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1498 quod imitantur ipsas in aliquibus materiis secundariis, quantum ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1499 modum ex quo principaliter dependet laus virtutis, unde et nomen
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1500 accipit, sicut modus et nomen iustitiae in quadam aequalitate
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1501 consistit; fortitudinis autem in quadam firmitate; temperantiae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1502 autem in quadam refrenatione, inquantum scilicet refrenat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1503 concupiscentias vehementissimas delectationum tactus. Clementia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1504 autem et mansuetudo similiter in quadam refrenatione consistit,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1505 quia scilicet clementia est diminutiva poenarum, mansuetudo vero
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1506 est mitigativa irae, ut ex dictis patet. Et ideo tam clementia quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1507 mansuetudo adiunguntur temperantiae sicut virtuti principali. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1508 secundum hoc ponuntur partes ipsius.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1509 <p title="II-II q. 157 a. 3 ad 1"><a name="45339"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1510 "ref">[45339] IIª-IIae, q. 157 a. 3 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1511 ergo dicendum quod in diminutione poenarum duo sunt consideranda.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1512 Quorum unum est quod diminutio poenarum fiat secundum intentionem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1513 legislatoris, licet non secundum verba legis. Et secundum hoc,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1514 pertinet ad epieikeiam. Aliud autem est quaedam moderatio affectus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1515 ut homo non utatur sua potestate in inflictione poenarum. Et hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1516 proprie pertinet ad clementiam, propter quod Seneca dicit quod est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1517 temperantia animi in potestate ulciscendi. Et haec quidem moderatio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1518 animi provenit ex quadam dulcedine affectus, qua quis abhorret omne
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1519 illud quod potest alium tristare. Et ideo dicit Seneca quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1520 <i>clementia est quaedam lenitas animi</i>. Nam e contrario
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1521 austeritas animi videtur esse in eo qui non veretur alios
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1522 contristare.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1523 <p title="II-II q. 157 a. 3 ad 2"><a name="45340"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1524 "ref">[45340] IIª-IIae, q. 157 a. 3 ad 2</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1525 secundum dicendum quod adiunctio virtutum secundariarum ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1526 principales magis attenditur secundum modum virtutis, qui est quasi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1527 quaedam forma eius, quam secundum materiam. Mansuetudo autem et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1528 clementia conveniunt cum temperantia in modo, ut dictum est, licet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1529 non conveniant in materia.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1530 <p title="II-II q. 157 a. 3 ad 3"><a name="45341"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1531 "ref">[45341] IIª-IIae, q. 157 a. 3 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1532 dicendum quod insania dicitur per corruptionem sanitatis. Sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1533 autem sanitas corporalis corrumpitur per hoc quod corpus recedit a
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1534 debita complexione humanae speciei, ita etiam insania secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1535 animam accipitur per hoc quod anima humana recedit a debita
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1536 dispositione humanae speciei. Quod quidem contingit et secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1537 rationem, puta cum aliquis usum rationis amittit, et quantum ad vim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1538 appetitivam, puta cum aliquis amittit affectum humanum, secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1539 quem homo naturaliter est omni homini amicus, ut dicitur in VIII
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1540 Ethic. Insania autem quae excludit usum rationis, opponitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1541 prudentiae. Sed quod aliquis delectetur in poenis hominum, dicitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1542 esse insania, quia per hoc videtur homo privatus affectu humano,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1543 quem sequitur clementia.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1544 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1545 <div class="E">Articulus 4</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1546 <p title="II-II q. 157 a. 4 arg. 1"><a name="45342"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1547 "ref">[45342] IIª-IIae, q. 157 a. 4 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1548 quartum sic proceditur. Videtur quod clementia et mansuetudo sint
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1549 potissimae virtutes. Laus enim virtutis praecipue consistit ex hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1550 quod ordinat hominem ad beatitudinem, quae in Dei cognitione
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1551 consistit. Sed mansuetudo maxime ordinat hominem ad Dei
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1552 cognitionem, dicitur enim Iac. I, <i>in mansuetudine suscipite
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1553 insitum verbum</i>; et Eccli. V, <i>esto mansuetus ad audiendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1554 verbum Dei</i>; et Dionysius dicit, in epistola ad Demophil.,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1555 <i>Moysen propter multam mansuetudinem Dei apparitione dignum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1556 habitum</i>. Ergo mansuetudo est potissima virtutum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1557 <p title="II-II q. 157 a. 4 arg. 2"><a name="45343"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1558 "ref">[45343] IIª-IIae, q. 157 a. 4 arg. 2</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1559 Praeterea, tanto virtus aliqua potior esse videtur, quanto magis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1560 acceptatur a Deo et ab hominibus. Sed mansuetudo maxime videtur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1561 acceptari a Deo, dicitur enim Eccli. I, quod <i>beneplacitum est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1562 Deo fides et mansuetudo</i>. Unde et specialiter ad suae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1563 mansuetudinis imitationem Christus nos invitat, dicens, <i>discite
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1564 a me, quia mitis sum et humilis corde</i>, et Hilarius dicit quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1565 <i>per mansuetudinem mentis nostrae habitat Christus in nobis</i>.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1566 Est etiam hominibus acceptissima, unde dicitur Eccli. III, <i>fili,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1567 in mansuetudine perfice opera tua, et super hominum gloria
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1568 diligeris</i>. Propter quod et Proverb. XX dicitur quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1569 <i>clementia thronus regius roboratur</i>. Ergo mansuetudo et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1570 clementia sunt potissimae virtutes.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1571 <p title="II-II q. 157 a. 4 arg. 3"><a name="45344"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1572 "ref">[45344] IIª-IIae, q. 157 a. 4 arg. 3</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1573 Praeterea, Augustinus dicit, in libro de Serm. domini in monte,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1574 quod <i>mites sunt qui cedunt improbitatibus, et non resistunt in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1575 malo, sed vincunt in bono malum</i>. Hoc autem videtur pertinere ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1576 misericordiam vel pietatem, quae videtur esse potissima virtutum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1577 quia super illud I ad Tim. IV, pietas ad omnia utilis est, dicit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1578 Glossa Ambrosii quod <i>omnis summa religionis Christianae in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1579 pietate consistit</i>. Ergo mansuetudo et clementia sunt maximae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1580 virtutes.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1581 <p title="II-II q. 157 a. 4 s. c."><a name="45345"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1582 "ref">[45345] IIª-IIae, q. 157 a. 4 s. c.</span></a> Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1583 contra est, quia non ponuntur virtutes principales, sed adiunguntur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1584 alteri virtuti quasi principaliori.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1585 <p title="II-II q. 157 a. 4 co."><a name="45346"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1586 "ref">[45346] IIª-IIae, q. 157 a. 4 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1587 dicendum quod nihil prohibet aliquas virtutes non esse potissimas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1588 simpliciter nec quoad omnia, sed secundum quid et in aliquo genere.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1589 Non est autem possibile quod clementia et mansuetudo sint
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1590 potissimae virtutes simpliciter. Quia laus earum attenditur in hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1591 quod retrahunt a malo, inquantum scilicet diminuunt iram vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1592 poenam. Perfectius autem est consequi bonum quam carere malo. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1593 ideo virtutes quae simpliciter ordinant in bonum, sicut fides,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1594 spes, caritas, et etiam prudentia et iustitia, sunt simpliciter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1595 maiores virtutes quam clementia et mansuetudo. Sed secundum quid,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1596 nihil prohibet mansuetudinem et clementiam habere quandam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1597 excellentiam inter virtutes quae resistunt affectionibus pravis.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1598 Nam ira, quam mitigat mansuetudo, propter suum impetum maxime
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1599 impedit animum hominis ne libere iudicet veritatem. Et propter hoc,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1600 mansuetudo maxime facit hominem esse compotem sui, unde dicitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1601 Eccli. X, <i>fili, in mansuetudine serva animam tuam</i>. Quamvis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1602 concupiscentiae delectationum tactus sint turpiores, et magis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1603 continue infestent, propter quod temperantia magis ponitur virtus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1604 principalis, ut ex dictis patet. Clementia vero, in hoc quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1605 diminuit poenas, maxime videtur accedere ad caritatem, quae est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1606 potissima virtutum, per quam bona operamur ad proximos et eorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1607 mala impedimus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1608 <p title="II-II q. 157 a. 4 ad 1"><a name="45347"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1609 "ref">[45347] IIª-IIae, q. 157 a. 4 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1610 ergo dicendum quod mansuetudo praeparat hominem ad Dei cognitionem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1611 removendo impedimentum. Et hoc dupliciter. Primo quidem faciendo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1612 hominem compotem sui per diminutionem irae, ut dictum est. Alio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1613 modo, quia ad mansuetudinem pertinet quod homo non contradicat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1614 verbis veritatis, quod plerumque aliqui faciunt ex commotione irae.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1615 Et ideo Augustinus dicit, in II de Doct. Christ., quod <i>mitescere
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1616 est non contradicere divinae Scripturae, sive intellectae, si
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1617 aliqua vitia nostra percutit; sive non intellectae, quasi nos
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1618 melius et verius sapere et praecipere possemus</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1619 <p title="II-II q. 157 a. 4 ad 2"><a name="45348"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1620 "ref">[45348] IIª-IIae, q. 157 a. 4 ad 2</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1621 secundum dicendum quod mansuetudo et clementia reddunt hominem Deo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1622 et hominibus acceptum, secundum quod concurrunt in eundem effectum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1623 cum caritate, quae est maxima virtutum, scilicet in subtrahendo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1624 mala proximorum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1625 <p title="II-II q. 157 a. 4 ad 3"><a name="45349"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1626 "ref">[45349] IIª-IIae, q. 157 a. 4 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1627 dicendum quod misericordia et pietas conveniunt quidem cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1628 mansuetudine et clementia, inquantum concurrunt in eundem effectum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1629 qui est prohibere mala proximorum. Differunt tamen quantum ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1630 motivum. Nam pietas removet mala proximorum ex reverentia quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1631 habet ad aliquem superiorem, puta Deum vel parentem. Misericordia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1632 vero removet mala proximorum ex hoc quod in eis aliquis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1633 contristatur inquantum aestimat eas ad se pertinere, ut supra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1634 dictum est, quod provenit ex amicitia, quae facit amicos de eisdem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1635 gaudere et tristari. Mansuetudo vero hoc facit inquantum removet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1636 iram incitantem ad vindictam. Clementia vero hoc facit ex animi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1637 lenitate, inquantum iudicat esse aequum ut aliquis non amplius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1638 puniatur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1639 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1640 <div class="D">Quaestio 158</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1641 <div class="G">Prooemium</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1642 <p title="II-II q. 158 pr."><a name="45350"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1643 "ref">[45350] IIª-IIae, q. 158 pr.</span></a> Deinde
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1644 considerandum est de vitiis oppositis. Et primo, de iracundia, quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1645 opponitur mansuetudini; secundo, de crudelitate, quae opponitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1646 clementiae. Circa iracundiam quaeruntur octo. Primo, utrum irasci
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1647 possit aliquando esse licitum. Secundo, utrum ira sit peccatum.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1648 Tertio, utrum sit peccatum mortale. Quarto, utrum sit gravissimum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1649 peccatorum. Quinto, de speciebus irae. Sexto, utrum ira sit vitium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1650 capitale. Septimo, quae sint filiae eius. Octavo, utrum habeat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1651 vitium oppositum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1652 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1653 <div class="E">Articulus 1</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1654 <p title="II-II q. 158 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="45351"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1655 "ref">[45351] IIª-IIae, q. 158 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1656 primum sic proceditur. Videtur quod irasci non possit esse licitum.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1657 Hieronymus enim, exponens illud Matth. V, <i>qui irascitur fratri
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1658 suo</i> etc., dicit, <i>in quibusdam codicibus additur, sine causa,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1659 ceterum in veris definita sententia est, et ira penitus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1660 tollitur</i>. Ergo irasci nullo modo est licitum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1661 <p title="II-II q. 158 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="45352"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1662 "ref">[45352] IIª-IIae, q. 158 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1663 Praeterea, secundum Dionysium, IV cap. de Div. Nom., <i>malum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1664 animae est sine ratione esse</i>. Sed ira semper est sine ratione.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1665 Dicit enim philosophus, in VII Ethic., quod <i>ira non perfecte
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1666 audit rationem</i>. Et Gregorius dicit, V Moral., quod <i>cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1667 tranquillitatem mentis ira diverberat, dilaniatam quodammodo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1668 scissamque perturbat</i>. Et Cassianus dicit, in libro de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1669 institutis coenobiorum, <i>qualibet ex causa iracundiae motus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1670 effervens, excaecat oculum cordis</i>. Ergo irasci semper est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1671 malum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1672 <p title="II-II q. 158 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="45353"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1673 "ref">[45353] IIª-IIae, q. 158 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1674 Praeterea, ira est appetitus vindictae, ut dicit Glossa super
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1675 Levit. XIX, <i>non oderis fratrem tuum in corde tuo</i>. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1676 appetere ultionem non videtur esse licitum, sed hoc Deo est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1677 reservandum, secundum illud Deut. XXXII, <i>mea est ultio</i>. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1678 videtur quod irasci semper sit malum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1679 <p title="II-II q. 158 a. 1 arg. 4"><a name="45354"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1680 "ref">[45354] IIª-IIae, q. 158 a. 1 arg. 4</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1681 Praeterea, omne illud quod abducit nos a divina similitudine, est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1682 malum. Sed irasci semper abducit nos a divina similitudine, quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1683 Deus cum tranquillitate iudicat, ut habetur Sap. XII. Ergo irasci
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1684 semper est malum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1685 <p title="II-II q. 158 a. 1 s. c."><a name="45355"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1686 "ref">[45355] IIª-IIae, q. 158 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1687 contra est quod Chrysostomus dicit, super Matth., <i>qui sine causa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1688 irascitur, reus erit, qui vero cum causa, non erit reus. Nam si ira
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1689 non fuerit, nec doctrina proficit, nec iudicia stant, nec crimina
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1690 compescuntur</i>. Ergo irasci non semper est malum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1691 <p title="II-II q. 158 a. 1 co."><a name="45356"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1692 "ref">[45356] IIª-IIae, q. 158 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1693 dicendum quod ira, proprie loquendo, est passio quaedam appetitus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1694 sensitivi, a qua vis irascibilis denominatur, ut supra habitum est,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1695 cum de passionibus ageretur. Est autem hoc considerandum circa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1696 passiones animae, quod dupliciter in eis potest malum inveniri. Uno
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1697 modo, ex ipsa specie passionis. Quae quidem consideratur secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1698 obiectum passionis. Sicut invidia secundum suam speciem importat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1699 quoddam malum, est enim tristitia de bono aliorum, quod secundum se
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1700 rationi repugnat. Et ideo invidia, mox nominata, sonat aliquid
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1701 mali, ut philosophus dicit, in II Ethic. Hoc autem non convenit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1702 irae, quae est appetitus vindictae, potest enim vindicta et bene et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1703 male appeti. Alio modo invenitur malum in aliqua passione secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1704 quantitatem ipsius, idest secundum superabundantiam vel defectum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1705 ipsius. Et sic potest malum in ira inveniri, quando scilicet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1706 aliquis irascitur plus vel minus, praeter rationem rectam. Si autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1707 aliquis irascatur secundum rationem rectam, tunc irasci est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1708 laudabile.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1709 <p title="II-II q. 158 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="45357"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1710 "ref">[45357] IIª-IIae, q. 158 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1711 ergo dicendum quod Stoici iram et omnes alias passiones nominabant
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1712 affectus quosdam praeter ordinem rationis existentes, et secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1713 hoc, ponebant iram et omnes alias passiones esse malas, ut supra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1714 dictum est, cum de passionibus ageretur. Et secundum hoc accipit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1715 iram Hieronymus, loquitur enim de ira qua quis irascitur contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1716 proximum quasi malum eius intendens. Sed secundum Peripateticos,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1717 quorum sententiam magis approbat Augustinus, in IX de Civ. Dei, ira
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1718 et aliae passiones animae dicuntur motus appetitus sensitivi, sive
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1719 sint moderatae secundum rationem sive non. Et secundum hoc, ira non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1720 semper est mala.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1721 <p title="II-II q. 158 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="45358"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1722 "ref">[45358] IIª-IIae, q. 158 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1723 secundum dicendum quod ira dupliciter se potest habere ad rationem.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1724 Uno quidem modo, antecedenter. Et sic trahit rationem a sua
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1725 rectitudine, unde habet rationem mali. Alio modo, consequenter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1726 prout scilicet appetitus sensitivus movetur contra vitia secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1727 ordinem rationis. Et haec ira est bona, quae dicitur ira per zelum.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1728 Unde Gregorius dicit, in V Moral., <i>curandum summopere est ne
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1729 ira, quae ut instrumentum virtutis assumitur, menti dominetur, ne
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1730 quasi domina praeeat, sed velut ancilla ad obsequium parata, a
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1731 rationis tergo nunquam recedat</i>. Haec autem ira, etsi in ipsa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1732 executione actus iudicium rationis aliqualiter impediat, non tamen
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1733 rectitudinem rationis tollit. Unde Gregorius, ibidem, dicit quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1734 <i>ira per zelum turbat rationis oculum, sed ira per vitium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1735 excaecat</i>. Non autem est contra rationem virtutis ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1736 intermittatur deliberatio rationis in executione eius quod est a
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1737 ratione deliberatum. Quia etiam ars impediretur in suo actu si, dum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1738 debet agere, deliberaret de agendis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1739 <p title="II-II q. 158 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="45359"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1740 "ref">[45359] IIª-IIae, q. 158 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1741 dicendum quod appetere vindictam propter malum eius qui puniendus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1742 est, illicitum est. Sed appetere vindictam propter vitiorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1743 correctionem et bonum iustitiae conservandum, laudabile est. Et in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1744 hoc potest tendere appetitus sensitivus inquantum movetur a
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1745 ratione. Et dum vindicta secundum ordinem iudicii fit, a Deo fit,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1746 cuius minister est potestas puniens, ut dicitur Rom. XIII.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1747 <p title="II-II q. 158 a. 1 ad 4"><a name="45360"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1748 "ref">[45360] IIª-IIae, q. 158 a. 1 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1749 dicendum quod Deo assimilari possumus et debemus in appetitu boni,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1750 sed in modo appetendi ei omnino assimilari non possumus; quia in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1751 Deo non est appetitus sensitivus, sicut in nobis, cuius motus debet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1752 rationi deservire. Unde Gregorius dicit, in V Moral., quod <i>tunc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1753 robustius ratio contra vitia erigitur, cum ira subdita rationi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1754 famulatur</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1755 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1756 <div class="E">Articulus 2</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1757 <p title="II-II q. 158 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="45361"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1758 "ref">[45361] IIª-IIae, q. 158 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1759 secundum sic proceditur. Videtur quod ira non sit peccatum.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1760 Peccando enim demeremur. <i>Sed passionibus non demeremur, sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1761 neque vituperamur</i>, ut dicitur in II Ethic. Ergo nulla passio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1762 est peccatum. Ira autem est passio, ut supra habitum est, cum de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1763 passionibus ageretur. Ergo ira non est peccatum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1764 <p title="II-II q. 158 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="45362"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1765 "ref">[45362] IIª-IIae, q. 158 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1766 Praeterea, in omni peccato est conversio ad aliquod commutabile
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1767 bonum. Sed per iram non convertitur aliquis ad aliquod bonum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1768 commutabile, sed in malum alicuius. Ergo ira non est peccatum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1769 <p title="II-II q. 158 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="45363"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1770 "ref">[45363] IIª-IIae, q. 158 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1771 <i>Praeterea, nullus peccat in eo quod vitare non potest</i>, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1772 Augustinus dicit. Sed iram homo vitare non potest, quia super illud
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1773 Psalmi, <i>irascimini et nolite peccare</i>, dicit Glossa quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1774 motus irae non est in potestate nostra. Philosophus etiam dicit, in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1775 VII Ethic., quod iratus cum tristitia operatur, tristitia autem est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1776 contraria voluntati. Ergo ira non est peccatum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1777 <p title="II-II q. 158 a. 2 arg. 4"><a name="45364"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1778 "ref">[45364] IIª-IIae, q. 158 a. 2 arg. 4</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1779 Praeterea, peccatum est contra naturam, ut Damascenus dicit, in II
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1780 libro. Sed irasci non est contra naturam hominis, cum sit actus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1781 naturalis potentiae quae est irascibilis. Unde et Hieronymus dicit,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1782 in quadam epistola, quod irasci est hominis. Ergo ira non est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1783 peccatum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1784 <p title="II-II q. 158 a. 2 s. c."><a name="45365"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1785 "ref">[45365] IIª-IIae, q. 158 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1786 contra est quod apostolus dicit, ad Ephes. IV, <i>omnis indignatio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1787 et ira tollatur a vobis</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1788 <p title="II-II q. 158 a. 2 co."><a name="45366"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1789 "ref">[45366] IIª-IIae, q. 158 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1790 dicendum quod ira, sicut dictum est, proprie nominat quandam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1791 passionem. Passio autem appetitus sensitivi intantum est bona
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1792 inquantum ratione regulatur, si autem ordinem rationis excludat,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1793 est mala. Ordo autem rationis in ira potest attendi quantum ad duo.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1794 Primo quidem, quantum ad appetibile in quod tendit, quod est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1795 vindicta. Unde si aliquis appetat quod secundum ordinem rationis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1796 fiat vindicta, est laudabilis irae appetitus, et vocatur ira per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1797 zelum. Si autem aliquis appetat quod fiat vindicta qualitercumque
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1798 contra ordinem rationis; puta si appetat puniri eum qui non meruit,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1799 vel ultra quam meruit, vel etiam non secundum legitimum ordinem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1800 vel non propter debitum finem, qui est conservatio iustitiae et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1801 correctio culpae, erit appetitus irae vitiosus. Et nominatur ira
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1802 per vitium. Alio modo attenditur ordo rationis circa iram quantum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1803 ad modum irascendi, ut scilicet motus irae non immoderate
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1804 fervescat, nec interius nec exterius. Quod quidem si
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1805 praetermittatur, non erit ira absque peccato, etiam si aliquis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1806 appetat iustam vindictam.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1807 <p title="II-II q. 158 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="45367"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1808 "ref">[45367] IIª-IIae, q. 158 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1809 ergo dicendum quod, quia passio potest esse regulata ratione vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1810 non regulata, ideo secundum passionem absolute consideratam non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1811 importatur ratio meriti vel demeriti, seu laudis vel vituperii.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1812 Secundum tamen quod est regulata ratione, potest habere rationem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1813 meritorii et laudabilis, et e contrario, secundum quod non est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1814 regulata ratione, potest habere rationem demeriti et vituperabilis.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1815 Unde et philosophus ibidem dicit quod <i>laudatur vel vituperatur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1816 qui aliqualiter irascitur</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1817 <p title="II-II q. 158 a. 2 ad 2"><a name="45368"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1818 "ref">[45368] IIª-IIae, q. 158 a. 2 ad 2</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1819 secundum dicendum quod iratus non appetit malum alterius propter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1820 se, sed propter vindictam, in quam convertitur appetitus eius sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1821 in quoddam commutabile bonum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1822 <p title="II-II q. 158 a. 2 ad 3"><a name="45369"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1823 "ref">[45369] IIª-IIae, q. 158 a. 2 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1824 dicendum quod homo est dominus suorum actuum per arbitrium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1825 rationis. Et ideo motus qui praeveniunt iudicium rationis, non sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1826 in potestate hominis in generali, ut scilicet nullus eorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1827 insurgat, quamvis ratio possit quemlibet singulariter impedire ne
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1828 insurgat. Et secundum hoc dicitur quod motus irae non est in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1829 potestate hominis, ita scilicet quod nullus insurgat. Quia tamen
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1830 aliqualiter est in hominis potestate, non totaliter perdit rationem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1831 peccati, si sit inordinatus. Quod autem philosophus dicit, iratum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1832 cum tristitia operari, non est sic intelligendum quasi tristetur de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1833 eo quod irascitur, sed quia tristatur de iniuria quam aestimat sibi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1834 illatam, et ex hac tristitia movetur ad appetendum vindictam.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1835 <p title="II-II q. 158 a. 2 ad 4"><a name="45370"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1836 "ref">[45370] IIª-IIae, q. 158 a. 2 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1837 dicendum quod irascibilis in homine naturaliter subiicitur rationi.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1838 Et ideo actus eius intantum est homini naturalis inquantum est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1839 secundum rationem, inquantum vero est praeter ordinem rationis, est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1840 contra hominis naturam.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1841 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1842 <div class="E">Articulus 3</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1843 <p title="II-II q. 158 a. 3 arg. 1"><a name="45371"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1844 "ref">[45371] IIª-IIae, q. 158 a. 3 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1845 tertium sic proceditur. Videtur quod omnis ira sit peccatum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1846 mortale. Dicitur enim Iob V, <i>virum stultum interficit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1847 iracundia</i>, et loquitur de interfectione spirituali, a qua
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1848 peccatum mortale denominatur. Ergo ira est peccatum mortale.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1849 <p title="II-II q. 158 a. 3 arg. 2"><a name="45372"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1850 "ref">[45372] IIª-IIae, q. 158 a. 3 arg. 2</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1851 Praeterea, nihil meretur damnationem aeternam nisi peccatum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1852 mortale. Sed ira meretur damnationem aeternam, dicit enim dominus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1853 Matth. V, <i>omnis qui irascitur fratri suo, reus erit iudicio</i>;
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1854 ubi dicit Glossa quod <i>per illa tria</i>, quae ibi tanguntur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1855 scilicet, <i>iudicium, Concilium et Gehennam, diversae mansiones in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1856 aeterna damnatione, pro modo peccati, singulariter exprimuntur</i>.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1857 Ergo ira est peccatum mortale.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1858 <p title="II-II q. 158 a. 3 arg. 3"><a name="45373"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1859 "ref">[45373] IIª-IIae, q. 158 a. 3 arg. 3</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1860 Praeterea, quidquid contrariatur caritati est peccatum mortale. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1861 ira de se contrariatur caritati, ut patet per Hieronymum, super
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1862 illud Matth. V, <i>qui irascitur fratri suo</i> etc., ubi dicit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1863 quod hoc est contra proximi dilectionem. Ergo ira est peccatum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1864 mortale.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1865 <p title="II-II q. 158 a. 3 s. c."><a name="45374"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1866 "ref">[45374] IIª-IIae, q. 158 a. 3 s. c.</span></a> Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1867 contra est quod super illud Psalmi, <i>irascimini et nolite
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1868 peccare</i>, dicit Glossa, <i>venialis est ira quae non perducitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1869 ad effectum</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1870 <p title="II-II q. 158 a. 3 co."><a name="45375"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1871 "ref">[45375] IIª-IIae, q. 158 a. 3 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1872 dicendum quod motus irae potest esse inordinatus et peccatum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1873 dupliciter, sicut dictum est. Uno modo, ex parte appetibilis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1874 utpote cum aliquis appetit iniustam vindictam. Et sic ex genere suo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1875 ira est peccatum mortale, quia contrariatur caritati et iustitiae.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1876 Potest tamen contingere quod talis appetitus sit peccatum veniale
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1877 propter imperfectionem actus. Quae quidem imperfectio attenditur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1878 vel ex parte appetentis, puta cum motus irae praevenit iudicium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1879 rationis, vel etiam ex parte appetibilis, puta cum aliquis appetit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1880 in aliquo modico se vindicare, quod quasi nihil est reputandum, ita
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1881 quod etiam si actu inferatur, non esset peccatum mortale; puta si
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1882 aliquis parum trahat aliquem puerum per capillos, vel aliquid
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1883 huiusmodi. Alio modo potest esse motus irae inordinatus quantum ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1884 modum irascendi, utpote si nimis ardenter irascatur interius, vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1885 si nimis exterius manifestet signa irae. Et sic ira secundum se non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1886 habet ex suo genere rationem peccati mortalis. Potest tamen
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1887 contingere quod sit peccatum mortale, puta si ex vehementia irae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1888 aliquis excidat a dilectione Dei et proximi.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1889 <p title="II-II q. 158 a. 3 ad 1"><a name="45376"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1890 "ref">[45376] IIª-IIae, q. 158 a. 3 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1891 ergo dicendum quod ex illa auctoritate non habetur quod omnis ira
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1892 sit peccatum mortale, sed quod stulti per iracundiam spiritualiter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1893 occiduntur, inquantum scilicet, non refrenando per rationem motum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1894 irae, dilabuntur in aliqua peccata mortalia, puta in blasphemiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1895 Dei vel in iniuriam proximi.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1896 <p title="II-II q. 158 a. 3 ad 2"><a name="45377"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1897 "ref">[45377] IIª-IIae, q. 158 a. 3 ad 2</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1898 secundum dicendum quod dominus verbum illud dixit de ira, quasi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1899 superaddens ad illud verbum legis, qui occiderit, reus erit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1900 iudicio. Unde loquitur ibi dominus de motu irae quo quis appetit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1901 proximi occisionem, aut quamcumque gravem laesionem, cui appetitui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1902 si consensus rationis superveniat, absque dubio erit peccatum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1903 mortale.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1904 <p title="II-II q. 158 a. 3 ad 3"><a name="45378"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1905 "ref">[45378] IIª-IIae, q. 158 a. 3 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1906 dicendum quod in illo casu in quo ira contrariatur caritati, est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1907 peccatum mortale, sed hoc non semper accidit, ut ex dictis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1908 patet.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1909 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1910 <div class="E">Articulus 4</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1911 <p title="II-II q. 158 a. 4 arg. 1"><a name="45379"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1912 "ref">[45379] IIª-IIae, q. 158 a. 4 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1913 quartum sic proceditur. Videtur quod ira sit gravissimum peccatum.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1914 Dicit enim Chrysostomus quod <i>nihil est turpius visu furentis, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1915 nihil deformius severo visu, et multo magis, anima</i>. Ergo ira
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1916 est gravissimum peccatum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1917 <p title="II-II q. 158 a. 4 arg. 2"><a name="45380"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1918 "ref">[45380] IIª-IIae, q. 158 a. 4 arg. 2</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1919 Praeterea, quanto aliquod peccatum est magis nocivum, tanto videtur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1920 esse peius, quia sicut Augustinus dicit, in Enchirid., <i>malum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1921 dicitur aliquid quod nocet</i>. Ira autem maxime nocet, quia aufert
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1922 homini rationem, per quam est dominus sui ipsius; dicit enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1923 Chrysostomus quod <i>irae et insaniae nihil est medium, sed ira
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1924 temporaneus est quidam Daemon, magis autem et Daemonium habente
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1925 difficilius</i>. Ergo ira est gravissimum peccatum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1926 <p title="II-II q. 158 a. 4 arg. 3"><a name="45381"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1927 "ref">[45381] IIª-IIae, q. 158 a. 4 arg. 3</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1928 Praeterea, interiores motus diiudicantur secundum exteriores
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1929 effectus. Sed effectus irae est homicidium, quod est gravissimum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1930 peccatum. Ergo ira est gravissimum peccatum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1931 <p title="II-II q. 158 a. 4 s. c."><a name="45382"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1932 "ref">[45382] IIª-IIae, q. 158 a. 4 s. c.</span></a> Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1933 contra est quod ira comparatur ad odium sicut festuca ad trabem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1934 dicit enim Augustinus, in regula, <i>ne ira crescat in odium, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1935 trabem faciat de festuca</i>. Non ergo ira est gravissimum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1936 peccatum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1937 <p title="II-II q. 158 a. 4 co."><a name="45383"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1938 "ref">[45383] IIª-IIae, q. 158 a. 4 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1939 dicendum quod, sicut dictum est, inordinatio irae secundum duo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1940 attenditur, scilicet secundum indebitum appetibile, et secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1941 indebitum modum irascendi. Quantum igitur ad appetibile quod iratus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1942 appetit, videtur esse ira minimum peccatorum. Appetit enim ira
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1943 malum poenae alicuius sub ratione boni quod est vindicta. Et ideo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1944 ex parte mali quod appetit, convenit peccatum irae cum illis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1945 peccatis quae appetunt malum proximi, puta cum invidia et odio, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1946 odium appetit absolute malum alicuius, inquantum huiusmodi; invidus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1947 autem appetit malum alterius propter appetitum propriae gloriae;
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1948 sed iratus appetit malum alterius sub ratione iustae vindictae. Ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1949 quo patet quod odium est gravius quam invidia, et invidia quam ira,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1950 quia peius est appetere malum sub ratione mali quam sub ratione
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1951 boni; et peius est appetere malum sub ratione boni exterioris, quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1952 est honor vel gloria, quam sub ratione rectitudinis iustitiae. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1953 ex parte boni sub cuius ratione appetit iratus malum, convenit ira
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1954 cum peccato concupiscentiae, quod tendit in aliquod bonum. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1955 quantum ad hoc etiam, absolute loquendo, peccatum irae videtur esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1956 minus quam concupiscentiae, quanto melius est bonum iustitiae, quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1957 appetit iratus, quam bonum delectabile vel utile, quod appetit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1958 concupiscens. Unde philosophus dicit, in VII Ethic., quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1959 <i>incontinens concupiscentiae est turpior quam incontinens
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1960 irae</i>. Sed quantum ad inordinationem quae est secundum modum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1961 irascendi, ira habet quandam excellentiam, propter vehementiam et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1962 velocitatem sui motus, secundum illud Proverb. XXVII, <i>ira non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1963 habet misericordiam, nec erumpens furor, et impetum concitati
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1964 spiritus ferre quis poterit?</i> Unde Gregorius dicit, in V Moral.,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1965 <i>irae suae stimulis accensum cor palpitat, corpus tremit, lingua
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1966 se praepedit, facies ignescit, exasperantur oculi, et nequaquam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1967 recognoscuntur noti, ore quidem clamorem format, sed sensus quid
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1968 loquitur, ignorat</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1969 <p title="II-II q. 158 a. 4 ad 1"><a name="45384"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1970 "ref">[45384] IIª-IIae, q. 158 a. 4 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1971 ergo dicendum quod Chrysostomus loquitur de turpitudine quantum ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1972 gestus exteriores, qui proveniunt ex impetu irae.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1973 <p title="II-II q. 158 a. 4 ad 2"><a name="45385"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1974 "ref">[45385] IIª-IIae, q. 158 a. 4 ad 2</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1975 secundum dicendum quod ratio illa procedit secundum inordinatum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1976 motum irae, qui provenit ex eius impetu, ut dictum est.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1977 <p title="II-II q. 158 a. 4 ad 3"><a name="45386"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1978 "ref">[45386] IIª-IIae, q. 158 a. 4 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1979 dicendum quod homicidium non minus provenit ex odio vel invidia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1980 quam ex ira. Ira tamen levior est, inquantum attendit rationem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1981 iustitiae, ut dictum est.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1982 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1983 <div class="E">Articulus 5</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1984 <p title="II-II q. 158 a. 5 arg. 1"><a name="45387"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1985 "ref">[45387] IIª-IIae, q. 158 a. 5 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1986 quintum sic proceditur. Videtur quod inconvenienter determinentur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1987 species iracundiae a philosopho, in IV Ethic., ubi dicit quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1988 iracundorum quidam sunt acuti, quidam amari, quidam difficiles sive
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1989 graves. Quia secundum ipsum, amari dicuntur quorum ira difficile
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1990 solvitur et multo tempore manet. Sed hoc videtur pertinere ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1991 circumstantiam temporis. Ergo videtur quod etiam secundum alias
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1992 circumstantias possunt accipi aliae species irae.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1993 <p title="II-II q. 158 a. 5 arg. 2"><a name="45388"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1994 "ref">[45388] IIª-IIae, q. 158 a. 5 arg. 2</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1995 Praeterea, difficiles, sive graves, dicit esse <i>quorum ira non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1996 commutatur sine cruciatu vel punitione</i>. Sed hoc etiam pertinet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1997 ad insolubilitatem irae. Ergo videtur quod idem sint difficiles et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1998 amari.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1999 <p title="II-II q. 158 a. 5 arg. 3"><a name="45389"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2000 "ref">[45389] IIª-IIae, q. 158 a. 5 arg. 3</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2001 Praeterea, dominus, Matth. V, ponit tres gradus irae, cum dicit,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2002 <i>qui irascitur fratri suo; et, qui dixerit fratri suo, raca; et,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2003 qui dixerit fratri suo, fatue</i> qui quidem gradus ad praedictas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2004 species non referuntur. Ergo videtur quod praedicta divisio irae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2005 non sit conveniens.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2006 <p title="II-II q. 158 a. 5 s. c."><a name="45390"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2007 "ref">[45390] IIª-IIae, q. 158 a. 5 s. c.</span></a> Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2008 contra est quod Gregorius Nyssenus dicit quod tres sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2009 irascibilitatis species, scilicet ira quae vocatur fellea; et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2010 mania, quae dicitur insania; et furor. Quae tria videntur esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2011 eadem tribus praemissis, nam iram felleam dicit esse quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2012 principium et motum habet, quod philosophus attribuit acutis;
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2013 maniam vero dicit esse iram quae permanet et in vetustatem devenit,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2014 quod philosophus attribuit amaris; furorem autem dicit esse iram
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2015 quae observat tempus in supplicium, quod philosophus attribuit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2016 difficilibus. Et eandem etiam divisionem ponit Damascenus, in II
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2017 libro. Ergo praedicta philosophi distinctio est conveniens.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2018 <p title="II-II q. 158 a. 5 co."><a name="45391"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2019 "ref">[45391] IIª-IIae, q. 158 a. 5 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2020 dicendum quod praedicta distinctio potest referri vel ad passionem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2021 irae, vel etiam ad ipsum peccatum irae. Quomodo autem referatur ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2022 passionem irae, supra habitum est, cum de passione irae ageretur.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2023 Et sic praecipue videtur poni a Gregorio Nysseno et Damasceno. Nunc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2024 autem oportet accipere distinctionem harum specierum secundum quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2025 pertinent ad peccatum irae, prout ponitur a philosopho. Potest enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2026 inordinatio irae ex duobus attendi. Primo quidem, ex ipsa irae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2027 origine. Et hoc pertinet ad acutos, qui nimis cito irascuntur, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2028 ex qualibet levi causa. Alio modo, ex ipsa irae duratione, eo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2029 scilicet quod ira nimis perseverat. Quod quidem potest esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2030 dupliciter. Uno modo, quia causa irae, scilicet iniuria illata,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2031 nimis manet in memoria hominis, unde ex hoc homo diutinam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2032 tristitiam concipit; et ideo sunt sibi ipsis graves et amari. Alio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2033 modo contingit ex parte ipsius vindictae, quam aliquis obstinato
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2034 appetitu quaerit et hoc pertinet ad difficiles sive graves, qui non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2035 dimittunt iram quousque puniant.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2036 <p title="II-II q. 158 a. 5 ad 1"><a name="45392"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2037 "ref">[45392] IIª-IIae, q. 158 a. 5 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2038 ergo dicendum quod in speciebus praedictis non principaliter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2039 consideratur tempus, sed facilitas hominis ad iram, vel firmitas in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2040 ira.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2041 <p title="II-II q. 158 a. 5 ad 2"><a name="45393"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2042 "ref">[45393] IIª-IIae, q. 158 a. 5 ad 2</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2043 secundum dicendum quod utrique, scilicet amari et difficiles,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2044 habent iram diuturnam, sed propter aliam causam. Nam amari habent
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2045 iram permanentem propter permanentiam tristitiae, quam interius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2046 tenent clausam, et quia non prorumpunt ad exteriora iracundiae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2047 signa, non possunt persuaderi ab aliis; nec ex seipsis recedunt ab
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2048 ira, nisi prout diuturnitate temporis tristitia aboletur, et sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2049 deficit ira. Sed in difficilibus est ira diuturna propter vehemens
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2050 desiderium vindictae. Et ideo tempore non digeritur, sed per solam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2051 punitionem quiescit.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2052 <p title="II-II q. 158 a. 5 ad 3"><a name="45394"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2053 "ref">[45394] IIª-IIae, q. 158 a. 5 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2054 dicendum quod gradus irae quos dominus ponit, non pertinent ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2055 diversas irae species, sed accipiuntur secundum processum humani
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2056 actus. In quibus primo aliquid in corde concipitur. Et quantum ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2057 hoc dicit, <i>qui irascitur fratri suo</i>. Secundum autem est cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2058 per aliqua signa exteriora manifestatur exterius, etiam antequam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2059 prorumpat in effectum. Et quantum ad hoc dicit, <i>qui dixerit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2060 fratri suo, raca</i>, quod est interiectio irascentis. Tertius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2061 gradus est quando peccatum interius conceptum ad effectum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2062 perducitur. Est autem effectus irae nocumentum alterius sub ratione
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2063 vindictae. Minimum autem nocumentorum est quod fit solo verbo. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2064 ideo quantum ad hoc dicit, <i>qui dixerit fratri suo, fatue</i>. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2065 sic patet quod secundum addit supra primum, et tertium supra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2066 utrumque. Unde si primum est peccatum mortale, in casu in quo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2067 dominus loquitur, sicut dictum est, multo magis alia. Et ideo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2068 singulis eorum ponuntur correspondentia aliqua pertinentia ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2069 condemnationem. Sed in primo ponitur iudicium, quod minus est,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2070 quia, ut Augustinus dicit, in iudicio adhuc defensionis locus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2071 datur. In secundo vero ponit Concilium, in quo iudices inter se
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2072 conferunt quo supplicio damnari oporteat. In tertio ponit Gehennam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2073 ignis, quae est certa damnatio.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2074 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2075 <div class="E">Articulus 6</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2076 <p title="II-II q. 158 a. 6 arg. 1"><a name="45395"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2077 "ref">[45395] IIª-IIae, q. 158 a. 6 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2078 sextum sic proceditur. Videtur quod ira non debeat poni inter vitia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2079 capitalia. Ira enim ex tristitia nascitur. Sed tristitia est vitium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2080 capitale, quod dicitur acedia. Ergo ira non debet poni vitium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2081 capitale.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2082 <p title="II-II q. 158 a. 6 arg. 2"><a name="45396"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2083 "ref">[45396] IIª-IIae, q. 158 a. 6 arg. 2</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2084 Praeterea, odium est gravius peccatum quam ira. Ergo magis debet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2085 poni vitium capitale quam ira.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2086 <p title="II-II q. 158 a. 6 arg. 3"><a name="45397"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2087 "ref">[45397] IIª-IIae, q. 158 a. 6 arg. 3</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2088 Praeterea, super illud Proverb. XXIX, vir iracundus provocat rixas,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2089 dicit Glossa, <i>ianua est omnium vitiorum iracundia, qua clausa,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2090 virtutibus intrinsecus dabitur quies; aperta, ad omne facinus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2091 armabitur animus</i>. Nullum autem vitium capitale est principium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2092 omnium peccatorum, sed quorundam determinate. Ergo ira non debet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2093 poni inter vitia capitalia.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2094 <p title="II-II q. 158 a. 6 s. c."><a name="45398"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2095 "ref">[45398] IIª-IIae, q. 158 a. 6 s. c.</span></a> Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2096 contra est quod Gregorius, XXXI Moral., ponit iram inter vitia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2097 capitalia.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2098 <p title="II-II q. 158 a. 6 co."><a name="45399"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2099 "ref">[45399] IIª-IIae, q. 158 a. 6 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2100 dicendum quod, sicut ex praemissis patet, vitium capitale dicitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2101 ex quo multa vitia oriuntur. Habet autem hoc ira, quod ex ea multa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2102 vitia oriri possint, duplici ratione. Primo, ex parte sui obiecti,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2103 quod multum habet de ratione appetibilitatis, inquantum scilicet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2104 vindicta appetitur sub ratione iusti et honesti, quod sua dignitate
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2105 allicit, ut supra habitum est. Alio modo, ex suo impetu, quo mentem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2106 praecipitat ad inordinata quaecumque agenda. Unde manifestum est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2107 quod ira est vitium capitale.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2108 <p title="II-II q. 158 a. 6 ad 1"><a name="45400"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2109 "ref">[45400] IIª-IIae, q. 158 a. 6 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2110 ergo dicendum quod illa tristitia ex qua oritur ira, ut plurimum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2111 non est acediae vitium, sed passio tristitiae, quae consequitur ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2112 iniuria illata.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2113 <p title="II-II q. 158 a. 6 ad 2"><a name="45401"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2114 "ref">[45401] IIª-IIae, q. 158 a. 6 ad 2</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2115 secundum dicendum quod, sicut ex supra dictis patet, ad rationem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2116 vitii capitalis pertinet quod habeat finem multum appetibilem, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2117 sic propter appetitum eius multa peccata committantur. Ira autem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2118 quae appetit malum sub ratione boni, habet finem magis appetibilem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2119 quam odium, quod appetit malum sub ratione mali. Et ideo magis est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2120 vitium capitale ira quam odium.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2121 <p title="II-II q. 158 a. 6 ad 3"><a name="45402"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2122 "ref">[45402] IIª-IIae, q. 158 a. 6 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2123 dicendum quod ira dicitur esse ianua vitiorum per accidens,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2124 scilicet removendo prohibens, idest impediendo iudicium rationis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2125 per quod homo retrahitur a malis. Directe autem et per se est causa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2126 aliquorum specialium peccatorum, quae dicuntur filiae eius.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2127 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2128 <div class="E">Articulus 7</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2129 <p title="II-II q. 158 a. 7 arg. 1"><a name="45403"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2130 "ref">[45403] IIª-IIae, q. 158 a. 7 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2131 septimum sic proceditur. Videtur quod inconvenienter assignentur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2132 sex filiae irae, quae sunt <i>rixa, tumor mentis, contumelia,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2133 clamor, indignatio, blasphemia</i>. Blasphemia enim ponitur ab
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2134 Isidoro filia superbiae. Non ergo debet poni filia irae.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2135 <p title="II-II q. 158 a. 7 arg. 2"><a name="45404"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2136 "ref">[45404] IIª-IIae, q. 158 a. 7 arg. 2</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2137 Praeterea, odium nascitur ex ira, ut Augustinus dicit, in regula.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2138 Ergo deberet numerari inter filias irae.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2139 <p title="II-II q. 158 a. 7 arg. 3"><a name="45405"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2140 "ref">[45405] IIª-IIae, q. 158 a. 7 arg. 3</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2141 Praeterea, tumor mentis videtur idem esse quod superbia. Superbia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2142 autem non est filia alicuius vitii, sed mater omnium vitiorum, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2143 Gregorius dicit, XXXI Moral. Ergo tumor mentis non debet numerari
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2144 inter filias irae.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2145 <p title="II-II q. 158 a. 7 s. c."><a name="45406"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2146 "ref">[45406] IIª-IIae, q. 158 a. 7 s. c.</span></a> Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2147 contra est quod Gregorius, XXXI Moral., assignat has filias
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2148 irae.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2149 <p title="II-II q. 158 a. 7 co."><a name="45407"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2150 "ref">[45407] IIª-IIae, q. 158 a. 7 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2151 dicendum quod ira potest tripliciter considerari. Uno modo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2152 secundum quod est in corde. Et sic ex ira nascuntur duo vitia. Unum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2153 quidem ex parte eius contra quem homo irascitur, quem reputat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2154 indignum ut sibi tale quid fecerit. Et sic ponitur indignatio.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2155 Aliud autem vitium est ex parte sui ipsius, inquantum scilicet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2156 excogitat diversas vias vindictae, et talibus cogitationibus animum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2157 suum replet, secundum illud Iob XV, <i>nunquid sapiens implebit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2158 ardore stomachum suum</i>. Et sic ponitur tumor mentis. Alio modo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2159 consideratur ira secundum quod est in ore. Et sic ex ira duplex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2160 inordinatio procedit. Una quidem secundum hoc quod homo in modo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2161 loquendi iram suam demonstrat, sicut dictum est de eo qui dicit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2162 fratri suo, raca. Et sic ponitur clamor, per quem intelligitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2163 inordinata et confusa locutio. Alia autem est inordinatio secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2164 quod aliquis prorumpit in verba iniuriosa. Quae quidem si sint
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2165 contra Deum, erit blasphemia; si autem contra proximum, contumelia.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2166 Tertio modo consideratur ira secundum quod procedit usque ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2167 factum. Et sic ex ira oriuntur rixae, per quas intelliguntur omnia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2168 nocumenta quae facto proximis inferuntur ex ira.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2169 <p title="II-II q. 158 a. 7 ad 1"><a name="45408"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2170 "ref">[45408] IIª-IIae, q. 158 a. 7 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2171 ergo dicendum quod blasphemia in quam aliquis prorumpit deliberata
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2172 mente, procedit ex superbia hominis contra Deum se erigentis, quia,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2173 ut dicitur Eccli. X, <i>initium superbiae hominis apostatare a
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2174 Deo</i>; idest, recedere a veneratione eius est prima superbiae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2175 pars, et ex hoc oritur blasphemia. Sed blasphemia in quam aliquis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2176 prorumpit ex commotione animi, procedit ex ira.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2177 <p title="II-II q. 158 a. 7 ad 2"><a name="45409"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2178 "ref">[45409] IIª-IIae, q. 158 a. 7 ad 2</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2179 secundum dicendum quod odium, etsi aliquando nascatur ex ira, tamen
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2180 habet aliquam priorem causam ex qua directius oritur, scilicet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2181 tristitiam, sicut e contrario amor nascitur ex delectatione. Ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2182 tristitia autem illata quandoque in iram, quandoque in odium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2183 aliquis movetur. Unde convenientius fuit quod odium poneretur oriri
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2184 ex acedia quam ex ira.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2185 <p title="II-II q. 158 a. 7 ad 3"><a name="45410"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2186 "ref">[45410] IIª-IIae, q. 158 a. 7 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2187 dicendum quod tumor mentis non accipitur hic pro superbia, sed pro
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2188 quodam conatu sive audacia hominis intentantis vindictam. Audacia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2189 autem est vitium fortitudini oppositum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2190 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2191 <div class="E">Articulus 8</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2192 <p title="II-II q. 158 a. 8 arg. 1"><a name="45411"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2193 "ref">[45411] IIª-IIae, q. 158 a. 8 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2194 octavum sic proceditur. Videtur quod non sit aliquod vitium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2195 oppositum iracundiae, proveniens ex defectu irae. Nihil enim est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2196 vitiosum per quod homo Deo similatur. Sed per hoc quod homo omnino
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2197 est sine ira, similatur Deo, qui cum tranquillitate iudicat. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2198 non videtur quod sit vitiosum omnino ira carere.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2199 <p title="II-II q. 158 a. 8 arg. 2"><a name="45412"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2200 "ref">[45412] IIª-IIae, q. 158 a. 8 arg. 2</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2201 Praeterea, defectus eius quod ad nihil est utile, non est vitiosus.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2202 Sed motus irae ad nihil est utilis, ut probat Seneca in libro quem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2203 fecit de ira. Ergo videtur quod defectus irae non sit vitiosus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2204 <p title="II-II q. 158 a. 8 arg. 3"><a name="45413"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2205 "ref">[45413] IIª-IIae, q. 158 a. 8 arg. 3</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2206 Praeterea, malum hominis, secundum Dionysium, est praeter rationem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2207 esse. Sed, subtracto omni motu irae, adhuc remanet integrum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2208 iudicium rationis. Ergo nullus defectus irae vitium causat.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2209 <p title="II-II q. 158 a. 8 s. c."><a name="45414"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2210 "ref">[45414] IIª-IIae, q. 158 a. 8 s. c.</span></a> Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2211 contra est quod Chrysostomus dicit, super Matth., <i>qui cum causa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2212 non irascitur, peccat. Patientia enim irrationabilis vitia seminat,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2213 negligentiam nutrit, et non solum malos, sed etiam bonos invitat ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2214 malum</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2215 <p title="II-II q. 158 a. 8 co."><a name="45415"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2216 "ref">[45415] IIª-IIae, q. 158 a. 8 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2217 dicendum quod ira dupliciter potest intelligi. Uno modo, simplex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2218 motus voluntatis quo aliquis non ex passione, sed ex iudicio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2219 rationis poenam infligit. Et sic defectus irae absque dubio est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2220 peccatum. Et hoc modo ira accipitur in verbis Chrysostomi, qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2221 dicit ibidem, <i>iracundia quae cum causa est, non est iracundia,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2222 sed iudicium. Iracundia enim proprie intelligitur commotio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2223 passionis, qui autem cum causa irascitur, ira illius non est ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2224 passione. Ideo iudicare dicitur, non irasci</i>. Alio modo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2225 accipitur ira pro motu appetitus sensitivi, qui est cum passione et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2226 transmutatione corporali. Et hic quidem motus ex necessitate
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2227 consequitur in homine ad simplicem motum voluntatis, quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2228 naturaliter appetitus inferior sequitur motum appetitus superioris,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2229 nisi aliquid repugnet. Et ideo non potest totaliter deficere motus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2230 irae in appetitu sensitivo, nisi per subtractionem vel debilitatem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2231 voluntarii motus. Et ideo ex consequenti etiam defectus passionis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2232 irae vitiosus est, sicut et defectus voluntarii motus ad puniendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2233 secundum iudicium rationis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2234 <p title="II-II q. 158 a. 8 ad 1"><a name="45416"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2235 "ref">[45416] IIª-IIae, q. 158 a. 8 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2236 ergo dicendum quod ille qui totaliter non irascitur cum debet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2237 irasci, imitatur quidem Deum quantum ad carentiam passionis, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2238 autem quantum ad hoc quod Deus ex iudicio punit.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2239 <p title="II-II q. 158 a. 8 ad 2"><a name="45417"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2240 "ref">[45417] IIª-IIae, q. 158 a. 8 ad 2</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2241 secundum dicendum quod passio irae utilis est, sicut et omnes alii
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2242 motus appetitus sensitivi, ad hoc quod homo promptius exequatur id
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2243 quod ratio dictat. Alioquin, frustra esset in homine appetitus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2244 sensitivus, cum tamen natura nihil faciat frustra.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2245 <p title="II-II q. 158 a. 8 ad 3"><a name="45418"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2246 "ref">[45418] IIª-IIae, q. 158 a. 8 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2247 dicendum quod in eo qui ordinate agit, iudicium rationis non solum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2248 est causa simplicis motus voluntatis, sed etiam passionis appetitus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2249 sensitivi, ut dictum est, et ideo, sicut remotio effectus est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2250 signum remotionis causae, ita etiam remotio irae est signum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2251 remotionis iudicii rationis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2252 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2253 <div class="D">Quaestio 159</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2254 <div class="G">Prooemium</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2255 <p title="II-II q. 159 pr."><a name="45419"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2256 "ref">[45419] IIª-IIae, q. 159 pr.</span></a> Deinde
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2257 considerandum est de crudelitate. Et circa hoc quaeruntur duo.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2258 Primo, utrum crudelitas opponatur clementiae. Secundo, de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2259 comparatione eius ad saevitiam vel feritatem.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2260 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2261 <div class="E">Articulus 1</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2262 <p title="II-II q. 159 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="45420"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2263 "ref">[45420] IIª-IIae, q. 159 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2264 primum sic proceditur. Videtur quod crudelitas non opponatur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2265 clementiae. Dicit enim Seneca, in II de Clement., quod <i>illi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2266 vocantur crudeles qui excedunt modum in puniendo</i>, quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2267 contrariatur iustitiae. Clementia autem non ponitur pars iustitiae,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2268 sed temperantiae. Ergo crudelitas non videtur opponi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2269 clementiae.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2270 <p title="II-II q. 159 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="45421"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2271 "ref">[45421] IIª-IIae, q. 159 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2272 Praeterea, Ierem. VI dicitur, <i>crudelis est, et non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2273 miserebitur</i>, et sic videtur quod crudelitas opponatur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2274 misericordiae. Sed misericordia non est idem clementiae, ut supra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2275 dictum est. Ergo crudelitas non opponitur clementiae.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2276 <p title="II-II q. 159 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="45422"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2277 "ref">[45422] IIª-IIae, q. 159 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2278 Praeterea, clementia consideratur circa inflictionem poenarum, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2279 dictum est. Sed crudelitas consideratur etiam in subtractione
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2280 beneficiorum, secundum illud Proverb. XI, <i>qui crudelis est,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2281 propinquos abiicit</i>. Ergo crudelitas non opponitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2282 clementiae.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2283 <p title="II-II q. 159 a. 1 s. c."><a name="45423"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2284 "ref">[45423] IIª-IIae, q. 159 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2285 contra est quod dicit Seneca, in II de Clement., quod <i>opponitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2286 clementiae crudelitas, quae nihil aliud est quam atrocitas animi in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2287 exigendis poenis</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2288 <p title="II-II q. 159 a. 1 co."><a name="45424"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2289 "ref">[45424] IIª-IIae, q. 159 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2290 dicendum quod nomen crudelitatis a cruditate sumptum esse videtur.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2291 Sicut autem ea quae sunt decocta et digesta, solent habere suavem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2292 et dulcem saporem; ita illa quae sunt cruda, habent horribilem et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2293 asperum saporem. Dictum est autem supra quod clementia importat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2294 quandam animi lenitatem sive dulcedinem, per quam aliquis est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2295 diminutivus poenarum. Unde directe crudelitas clementiae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2296 opponitur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2297 <p title="II-II q. 159 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="45425"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2298 "ref">[45425] IIª-IIae, q. 159 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2299 ergo dicendum quod, sicut diminutio poenarum quae est secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2300 rationem, pertinet ad epieikeiam, sed ipsa dulcedo affectus ex qua
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2301 homo ad hoc inclinatur, pertinet ad clementiam; ita etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2302 superexcessus poenarum, quantum ad id quod exterius agitur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2303 pertinet ad iniustitiam; sed quantum ad austeritatem animi per quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2304 aliquis fit promptus ad poenas augendas, pertinet ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2305 crudelitatem.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2306 <p title="II-II q. 159 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="45426"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2307 "ref">[45426] IIª-IIae, q. 159 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2308 secundum dicendum quod misericordia et clementia conveniunt in hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2309 quod utraque refugit et abhorret miseriam alienam, aliter tamen et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2310 aliter. Nam ad misericordiam pertinet miseriae subvenire per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2311 beneficii collationem, ad clementiam autem pertinet miseriam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2312 diminuere per subtractionem poenarum. Et quia crudelitas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2313 superabundantiam in exigendis poenis importat, directius opponitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2314 clementiae quam misericordiae. Tamen, propter similitudinem harum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2315 virtutum, accipitur quandoque crudelitas pro immisericordia.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2316 <p title="II-II q. 159 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="45427"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2317 "ref">[45427] IIª-IIae, q. 159 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2318 dicendum quod crudelitas ibi accipitur pro immisericordia, ad quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2319 pertinet beneficia non largiri. Quamvis etiam dici possit quod ipsa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2320 beneficii subtractio quaedam poena est.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2321 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2322 <div class="E">Articulus 2</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2323 <p title="II-II q. 159 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="45428"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2324 "ref">[45428] IIª-IIae, q. 159 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2325 secundum sic proceditur. Videtur quod crudelitas a saevitia sive
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2326 feritate non differat. Uni enim virtuti, ex una parte, unum vitium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2327 videtur esse oppositum. Sed clementiae per superabundantiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2328 opponitur et crudelitas et saevitia. Ergo videtur quod saevitia et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2329 crudelitas sint idem.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2330 <p title="II-II q. 159 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="45429"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2331 "ref">[45429] IIª-IIae, q. 159 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2332 Praeterea, Isidorus dicit, in libro Etymol., quod <i>severus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2333 dicitur quasi saevus et verus, quia sine pietate tenet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2334 iustitiam</i>, et sic saevitia videtur excludere remissionem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2335 poenarum in iudiciis, quod pertinet ad pietatem. Hoc autem dictum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2336 est ad crudelitatem pertinere. Ergo crudelitas est idem quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2337 saevitia.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2338 <p title="II-II q. 159 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="45430"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2339 "ref">[45430] IIª-IIae, q. 159 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2340 Praeterea, sicut virtuti opponitur aliquod vitium in excessu, ita
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2341 etiam et in defectu, quod quidem contrariatur et virtuti, quae est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2342 in medio, et vitio quod est in excessu. Sed idem vitium ad defectum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2343 pertinens opponitur et crudelitati et saevitiae, videlicet remissio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2344 vel dissolutio, dicit enim Gregorius, XX Moral., <i>sit amor, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2345 non emolliens, sit rigor, sed non exasperans. Sit zelus, sed non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2346 immoderate saeviens, sit pietas, sed non plus quam expediat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2347 parcens</i>. Ergo saevitia est idem crudelitati.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2348 <p title="II-II q. 159 a. 2 s. c."><a name="45431"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2349 "ref">[45431] IIª-IIae, q. 159 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2350 contra est quod Seneca dicit, in II de Clement., quod <i>ille qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2351 non laesus, nec peccatori irascitur, non dicitur crudelis, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2352 ferus sive saevus</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2353 <p title="II-II q. 159 a. 2 co."><a name="45432"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2354 "ref">[45432] IIª-IIae, q. 159 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2355 dicendum quod nomen saevitiae et feritatis a similitudine ferarum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2356 accipitur, quae etiam saevae dicuntur. Huiusmodi enim animalia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2357 nocent hominibus ut ex eorum corporibus pascantur, non ex aliqua
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2358 iustitiae causa, cuius consideratio pertinet ad solam rationem. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2359 ideo, proprie loquendo, feritas vel saevitia dicitur secundum quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2360 aliquis in poenis inferendis non considerat aliquam culpam eius qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2361 punitur, sed solum hoc quod delectatur in hominum cruciatu. Et sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2362 patet quod continetur sub bestialitate, nam talis delectatio non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2363 est humana, sed bestialis, proveniens vel ex mala consuetudine vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2364 ex corruptione naturae, sicut et aliae huiusmodi bestiales
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2365 affectiones. Sed crudelitas attendit culpam in eo qui punitur, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2366 excedit modum in puniendo. Et ideo crudelitas differt a saevitia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2367 sive feritate sicut malitia humana a bestialitate, ut dicitur in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2368 VII Ethic.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2369 <p title="II-II q. 159 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="45433"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2370 "ref">[45433] IIª-IIae, q. 159 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2371 ergo dicendum quod clementia est virtus humana, unde directe sibi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2372 opponitur crudelitas, quae est malitia humana. Sed saevitia vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2373 feritas continetur sub bestialitate. Unde non directe opponitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2374 clementiae, sed superexcellentiori virtuti, quam philosophus vocat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2375 heroicam vel divinam, quae secundum nos videtur pertinere ad dona
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2376 spiritus sancti. Unde potest dici quod saevitia directe opponitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2377 dono pietatis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2378 <p title="II-II q. 159 a. 2 ad 2"><a name="45434"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2379 "ref">[45434] IIª-IIae, q. 159 a. 2 ad 2</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2380 secundum dicendum quod severus non dicitur simpliciter saevus, quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2381 hoc sonat in vitium, sed dicitur saevus circa veritatem, propter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2382 aliquam similitudinem saevitiae, quae non est diminutiva
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2383 poenarum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2384 <p title="II-II q. 159 a. 2 ad 3"><a name="45435"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2385 "ref">[45435] IIª-IIae, q. 159 a. 2 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2386 dicendum quod remissio in puniendo non est vitium nisi inquantum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2387 praetermittitur ordo iustitiae, quo aliquis debet puniri propter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2388 culpam, quam excedit crudelitas. Saevitia autem penitus hunc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2389 ordinem non attendit. Unde remissio punitionis directe opponitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2390 crudelitati, non autem saevitiae.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2391 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2392 <div class="D">Quaestio 160</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2393 <div class="G">Prooemium</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2394 <p title="II-II q. 160 pr."><a name="45436"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2395 "ref">[45436] IIª-IIae, q. 160 pr.</span></a> Deinde
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2396 considerandum est de modestia. Et primo, de ipsa in communi;
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2397 secundo, de singulis quae sub ea continentur. Circa primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2398 quaeruntur duo. Primo, utrum modestia sit pars temperantiae.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2399 Secundo, quae sit materia modestiae.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2400 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2401 <div class="E">Articulus 1</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2402 <p title="II-II q. 160 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="45437"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2403 "ref">[45437] IIª-IIae, q. 160 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2404 primum sic proceditur. Videtur quod modestia non sit pars
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2405 temperantiae. Modestia enim a modo dicitur. Sed in omnibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2406 virtutibus requiritur modus, nam virtus ordinatur ad bonum; bonum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2407 autem, ut Augustinus dicit, in libro de natura boni, consistit in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2408 modo, specie et ordine. Ergo modestia est generalis virtus. Non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2409 ergo debet poni pars temperantiae.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2410 <p title="II-II q. 160 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="45438"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2411 "ref">[45438] IIª-IIae, q. 160 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2412 Praeterea, laus temperantiae praecipue videtur consistere ex quadam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2413 moderatione. Ab hac autem sumitur nomen modestiae. Ergo modestia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2414 est idem quod temperantia, et non pars eius.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2415 <p title="II-II q. 160 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="45439"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2416 "ref">[45439] IIª-IIae, q. 160 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2417 Praeterea, modestia videtur consistere circa proximorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2418 correctionem, secundum illud II ad Tim. II, <i>servum Dei non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2419 oportet litigare, sed mansuetum esse ad omnes, cum modestia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2420 corripientem eos qui resistunt veritati</i>. Sed correctio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2421 delinquentium est actus iustitiae vel caritatis, ut supra habitum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2422 est. Ergo videtur quod modestia magis sit pars iustitiae quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2423 temperantiae.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2424 <p title="II-II q. 160 a. 1 s. c."><a name="45440"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2425 "ref">[45440] IIª-IIae, q. 160 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2426 contra est quod Tullius ponit modestiam partem temperantiae.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2427 <p title="II-II q. 160 a. 1 co."><a name="45441"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2428 "ref">[45441] IIª-IIae, q. 160 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2429 dicendum quod, sicut supra dictum est, temperantia moderationem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2430 adhibet circa ea in quibus difficillimum est moderari, scilicet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2431 circa concupiscentias delectationum tactus. Ubicumque autem est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2432 aliqua virtus specialiter circa aliquod maximum, oportet esse aliam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2433 virtutem circa ea quae mediocriter se habent, eo quod oportet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2434 quantum ad omnia vitam hominis secundum virtutes regulatam esse,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2435 sicut supra dictum est quod magnificentia est circa magnos sumptus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2436 pecuniarum, praeter quam est necessaria liberalitas, quae fit circa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2437 mediocres sumptus. Unde necessarium est quod sit quaedam virtus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2438 moderativa in aliis mediocribus, in quibus non est ita difficile
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2439 moderari. Et haec virtus vocatur modestia, et adiungitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2440 temperantiae sicut principali.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2441 <p title="II-II q. 160 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="45442"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2442 "ref">[45442] IIª-IIae, q. 160 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2443 ergo dicendum quod nomen commune quandoque appropriatur his quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2444 sunt infima, sicut nomen commune Angelorum appropriatur infimo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2445 ordini Angelorum. Ita etiam et modus, qui communiter observatur in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2446 qualibet virtute, appropriatur specialiter virtuti quae in minimis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2447 modum ponit.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2448 <p title="II-II q. 160 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="45443"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2449 "ref">[45443] IIª-IIae, q. 160 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2450 secundum dicendum quod aliqua temperatione indigent propter suam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2451 vehementiam, sicut vinum forte temperatur, sed moderatio requiritur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2452 in omnibus. Et ideo temperantia magis se habet ad passiones
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2453 vehementes, modestia vero ad mediocres.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2454 <p title="II-II q. 160 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="45444"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2455 "ref">[45444] IIª-IIae, q. 160 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2456 dicendum quod modestia ibi accipitur a modo communiter sumpto,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2457 prout requiritur in omnibus virtutibus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2458 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2459 <div class="E">Articulus 2</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2460 <p title="II-II q. 160 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="45445"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2461 "ref">[45445] IIª-IIae, q. 160 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2462 secundum sic proceditur. Videtur quod modestia sit solum circa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2463 exteriores actiones. Interiores enim motus passionum aliis noti
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2464 esse non possunt. Sed apostolus, Philipp. IV, mandat ut modestia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2465 nostra nota sit omnibus hominibus. Ergo modestia est solum circa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2466 exteriores actiones.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2467 <p title="II-II q. 160 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="45446"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2468 "ref">[45446] IIª-IIae, q. 160 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2469 Praeterea, virtutes quae sunt circa passiones, distinguuntur a
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2470 virtute iustitiae, quae est circa operationes. Sed modestia videtur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2471 esse una virtus. Si ergo est circa operationes exteriores, non erit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2472 circa aliquas interiores passiones.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2473 <p title="II-II q. 160 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="45447"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2474 "ref">[45447] IIª-IIae, q. 160 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2475 Praeterea, nulla virtus una et eadem est circa ea quae pertinent ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2476 appetitum, quod est proprium virtutum moralium; et circa ea quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2477 pertinent ad cognitionem, quae est proprie virtutum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2478 intellectualium; neque etiam circa ea quae pertinent ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2479 irascibilem, et concupiscibilem. Si ergo modestia est una virtus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2480 non potest esse circa omnia praedicta.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2481 <p title="II-II q. 160 a. 2 s. c."><a name="45448"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2482 "ref">[45448] IIª-IIae, q. 160 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2483 contra, in omnibus praedictis oportet observari modum, a quo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2484 modestia dicitur. Ergo circa omnia praedicta est modestia.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2485 <p title="II-II q. 160 a. 2 co."><a name="45449"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2486 "ref">[45449] IIª-IIae, q. 160 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2487 dicendum quod, sicut dictum est, modestia differt a temperantia in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2488 hoc quod temperantia est moderativa eorum quae difficillimum est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2489 refrenare, modestia autem est moderativa eorum quae in hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2490 mediocriter se habent. Diversimode autem aliqui de modestia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2491 videntur esse locuti. Ubicumque enim consideraverunt aliquam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2492 specialem rationem boni vel difficultatis in moderando, illud
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2493 subtraxerunt modestiae, relinquentes modestiam circa minora.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2494 Manifestum est autem omnibus quod refrenatio delectationum tactus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2495 specialem quandam difficultatem habet. Unde omnes temperantiam a
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2496 modestia distinxerunt. Sed praeter hoc, Tullius consideravit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2497 quoddam speciale bonum esse in moderatione poenarum. Et ideo etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2498 clementiam subtraxit modestiae, ponens modestiam circa omnia quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2499 relinquuntur moderanda. Quae quidem videntur esse quatuor. Quorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2500 unum est motus animi ad aliquam excellentiam, quem moderatur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2501 humilitas. Secundum autem est desiderium eorum quae pertinent ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2502 cognitionem, et in hoc moderatur studiositas, quae opponitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2503 curiositati. Tertium autem, quod pertinet ad corporales motus et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2504 actiones, ut scilicet decenter et honeste fiant, tam in his quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2505 serio, quam in his quae ludo aguntur. Quartum autem est quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2506 pertinet ad exteriorem apparatum, puta in vestibus et aliis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2507 huiusmodi. Sed circa quaedam eorum alii posuerunt quasdam speciales
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2508 virtutes sicut Andronicus mansuetudinem, simplicitatem et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2509 humilitatem, et alia huiusmodi, de quibus supra dictum est.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2510 Aristoteles etiam circa delectationes ludorum posuit eutrapeliam.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2511 Quae omnia continentur sub modestia, secundum quod a Tullio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2512 accipitur. Et hoc modo modestia se habet non solum circa exteriores
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2513 actiones, sed etiam circa interiores.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2514 <p title="II-II q. 160 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="45450"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2515 "ref">[45450] IIª-IIae, q. 160 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2516 ergo dicendum quod apostolus loquitur de modestia prout est circa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2517 exteriora. Et tamen etiam interiorum moderatio manifestari potest
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2518 per quaedam exteriora signa.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2519 <p title="II-II q. 160 a. 2 ad 2"><a name="45451"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2520 "ref">[45451] IIª-IIae, q. 160 a. 2 ad 2</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2521 secundum dicendum quod sub modestia continentur diversae virtutes,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2522 quae a diversis assignantur. Unde nihil prohibet modestiam esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2523 circa ea quae requirunt diversas virtutes. Et tamen non est tanta
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2524 diversitas inter partes modestiae ad invicem, quanta est iustitiae,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2525 quae est circa operationes, ad temperantiam, quae est circa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2526 passiones, quia in actionibus et passionibus in quibus non est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2527 aliqua excellens difficultas ex parte materiae, sed solum ex parte
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2528 moderationis, non attenditur virtus nisi una, scilicet secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2529 rationem moderationis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2530 <p title="II-II q. 160 a. 2 ad 3"><a name="45452"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2531 "ref">[45452] IIª-IIae, q. 160 a. 2 ad 3</span></a> Et per hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2532 etiam patet responsio ad tertium.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2533 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2534 <div class="D">Quaestio 161</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2535 <div class="G">Prooemium</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2536 <p title="II-II q. 161 pr."><a name="45453"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2537 "ref">[45453] IIª-IIae, q. 161 pr.</span></a> Deinde
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2538 considerandum est de speciebus modestiae. Et primo, de humilitate,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2539 et superbia, quae ei opponitur; secundo, de studiositate, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2540 curiositate sibi opposita; tertio, de modestia secundum quod est in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2541 verbis vel factis; quarto, de modestia secundum quod est circa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2542 exteriorem cultum. Circa humilitatem quaeruntur sex. Primo, utrum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2543 humilitas sit virtus. Secundo, utrum consistat in appetitu, vel in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2544 iudicio rationis. Tertio, utrum aliquis per humilitatem se debeat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2545 omnibus subiicere. Quarto, utrum sit pars modestiae vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2546 temperantiae. Quinto, de comparatione eius ad alias virtutes.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2547 Sexto, de gradibus humilitatis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2548 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2549 <div class="E">Articulus 1</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2550 <p title="II-II q. 161 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="45454"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2551 "ref">[45454] IIª-IIae, q. 161 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2552 primum sic proceditur. Videtur quod humilitas non sit virtus.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2553 Virtus enim importat rationem boni. Sed humilitas videtur importare
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2554 rationem mali poenalis, secundum illud Psalmi. <i>Humiliaverunt in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2555 compedibus pedes eius</i>. Ergo humilitas non est virtus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2556 <p title="II-II q. 161 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="45455"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2557 "ref">[45455] IIª-IIae, q. 161 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2558 Praeterea, virtus et vitium opponuntur. Sed humilitas quandoque
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2559 sonat in vitium, dicitur enim Eccli. XIX, est qui nequiter se
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2560 humiliat. Ergo humilitas non est virtus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2561 <p title="II-II q. 161 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="45456"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2562 "ref">[45456] IIª-IIae, q. 161 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2563 Praeterea, nulla virtus opponitur alii virtuti. Sed humilitas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2564 videtur opponi virtuti magnanimitatis, quae tendit in magna,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2565 humilitas autem ipsa refugit. Ergo videtur quod humilitas non sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2566 virtus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2567 <p title="II-II q. 161 a. 1 arg. 4"><a name="45457"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2568 "ref">[45457] IIª-IIae, q. 161 a. 1 arg. 4</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2569 Praeterea, virtus est dispositio perfecti, ut dicitur in VII
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2570 Physic. Sed humilitas videtur esse imperfectorum, unde et Deo non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2571 convenit humiliari, qui nulli subiici potest. Ergo videtur quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2572 humilitas non sit virtus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2573 <p title="II-II q. 161 a. 1 arg. 5"><a name="45458"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2574 "ref">[45458] IIª-IIae, q. 161 a. 1 arg. 5</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2575 <i>Praeterea, omnis virtus moralis est circa actiones vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2576 passiones</i>, ut dicitur in II Ethic. Sed humilitas non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2577 connumeratur a philosopho inter virtutes quae sunt circa passiones,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2578 nec etiam continetur sub iustitia, quae est circa actiones. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2579 videtur quod non sit virtus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2580 <p title="II-II q. 161 a. 1 s. c."><a name="45459"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2581 "ref">[45459] IIª-IIae, q. 161 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2582 contra est quod Origenes dicit, exponens illud Luc. I, <i>respexit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2583 humilitatem ancillae suae, proprie in Scripturis una de virtutibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2584 humilitas praedicatur, ait quippe salvator, discite a me, quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2585 mitis sum et humilis corde</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2586 <p title="II-II q. 161 a. 1 co."><a name="45460"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2587 "ref">[45460] IIª-IIae, q. 161 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2588 dicendum quod, sicut supra dictum est, cum de passionibus ageretur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2589 bonum arduum habet aliquid unde attrahit appetitum, scilicet ipsam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2590 rationem boni, et habet aliquid retrahens, scilicet ipsam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2591 difficultatem adipiscendi, secundum quorum primum insurgit motus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2592 spei, et secundum aliud motus desperationis. Dictum est autem supra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2593 quod circa motus appetitivos qui se habent per modum impulsionis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2594 oportet esse virtutem moralem moderantem et refrenantem, circa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2595 illos autem qui se habent per modum retractionis, oportet esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2596 virtutem moralem firmantem et impellentem. Et ideo circa appetitum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2597 boni ardui necessaria est duplex virtus. Una quidem quae temperet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2598 et refrenet animum, ne immoderate tendat in excelsa, et hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2599 pertinet ad virtutem humilitatis. Alia vero quae firmat animum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2600 contra desperationem, et impellit ipsum ad prosecutionem magnorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2601 secundum rationem rectam, et haec est magnanimitas. Et sic patet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2602 quod humilitas est quaedam virtus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2603 <p title="II-II q. 161 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="45461"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2604 "ref">[45461] IIª-IIae, q. 161 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2605 ergo dicendum quod, sicut Isidorus dicit, in libro Etymol., humilis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2606 dicitur quasi humi acclinis, idest, imis inhaerens. Quod quidem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2607 contingit dupliciter. Uno modo, ex principio extrinseco, puta cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2608 aliquis ab alio deiicitur. Et sic humilitas est poena. Alio modo, a
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2609 principio intrinseco. Et hoc potest fieri quandoque quidem bene,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2610 puta cum aliquis, considerans suum defectum, tenet se in infimis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2611 secundum suum modum; sicut Abraham dixit ad dominum, Gen. XVIII,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2612 <i>loquar ad dominum meum, cum sim pulvis et cinis</i>. Et hoc modo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2613 humilitas ponitur virtus. Quandoque autem potest fieri male, puta
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2614 cum homo, honorem suum non intelligens, comparat se iumentis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2615 insipientibus, et fit similis illis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2616 <p title="II-II q. 161 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="45462"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2617 "ref">[45462] IIª-IIae, q. 161 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2618 secundum dicendum quod, sicut dictum est, humilitas, secundum quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2619 est virtus, in sui ratione importat quandam laudabilem deiectionem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2620 ad ima. Hoc autem quandoque fit solum secundum signa exteriora,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2621 secundum fictionem. Unde haec est falsa humilitas, de qua
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2622 Augustinus dicit, in quadam epistola, quod est magna superbia, quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2623 scilicet videtur tendere ad excellentiam gloriae. Quandoque autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2624 fit secundum interiorem motum animae. Et secundum hoc humilitas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2625 proprie ponitur virtus, quia virtus non consistit in exterioribus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2626 sed principaliter in interiori electione mentis, ut patet per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2627 philosophum, in libro Ethicorum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2628 <p title="II-II q. 161 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="45463"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2629 "ref">[45463] IIª-IIae, q. 161 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2630 dicendum quod humilitas reprimit appetitum, ne tendat in magna
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2631 praeter rationem rectam. Magnanimitas autem animum ad magna
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2632 impellit secundum rationem rectam. Unde patet quod magnanimitas non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2633 opponitur humilitati, sed conveniunt in hoc quod utraque est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2634 secundum rationem rectam.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2635 <p title="II-II q. 161 a. 1 ad 4"><a name="45464"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2636 "ref">[45464] IIª-IIae, q. 161 a. 1 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2637 dicendum quod perfectum dicitur aliquid dupliciter. Uno modo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2638 simpliciter, in quo scilicet nullus defectus invenitur, nec
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2639 secundum suam naturam, nec per respectum ad aliquid aliud. Et sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2640 solus Deus est perfectus, cui secundum naturam divinam non competit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2641 humilitas, sed solum secundum naturam assumptam. Alio modo potest
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2642 dici aliquid perfectum secundum quid, puta secundum suam naturam,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2643 vel secundum statum aut tempus. Et hoc modo homo virtuosus est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2644 perfectus. Cuius tamen perfectio in comparatione ad Deum deficiens
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2645 invenitur, secundum illud Isaiae XL, <i>omnes gentes, quasi non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2646 sint, sic sunt coram eo</i>. Et sic cuilibet homini potest
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2647 convenire humilitas.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2648 <p title="II-II q. 161 a. 1 ad 5"><a name="45465"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2649 "ref">[45465] IIª-IIae, q. 161 a. 1 ad 5</span></a> Ad quintum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2650 dicendum quod philosophus intendebat agere de virtutibus secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2651 quod ordinantur ad vitam civilem, in qua subiectio unius hominis ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2652 alterum secundum legis ordinem determinatur, et ideo continetur sub
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2653 iustitia legali. Humilitas autem, secundum quod est specialis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2654 virtus, praecipue respicit subiectionem hominis ad Deum, propter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2655 quem etiam aliis humiliando se subiicit.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2656 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2657 <div class="E">Articulus 2</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2658 <p title="II-II q. 161 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="45466"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2659 "ref">[45466] IIª-IIae, q. 161 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2660 secundum sic proceditur. Videtur quod humilitas non consistat circa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2661 appetitum, sed magis circa iudicium rationis. Humilitas enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2662 superbiae opponitur. Sed superbia maxime consistit in his quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2663 pertinent ad cognitionem. Dicit enim Gregorius, XXXIV Moral., quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2664 <i>superbia, cum exterius usque ad corpus extenditur, prius per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2665 oculos indicatur</i>; unde etiam in Psalmo dicitur, <i>domine, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2666 est exaltatum cor meum, neque elati sunt oculi mei</i>, oculi autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2667 maxime deserviunt cognitioni. Ergo videtur quod humilitas maxime
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2668 sit circa cognitionem, quam de se aliquis aestimat parvam.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2669 <p title="II-II q. 161 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="45467"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2670 "ref">[45467] IIª-IIae, q. 161 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2671 Praeterea, Augustinus dicit, in libro de Virginit., quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2672 <i>humilitas pene tota disciplina Christiana est</i>. Nihil ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2673 quod in disciplina Christiana continetur, repugnat humilitati. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2674 in disciplina Christiana admonemur ad appetendum meliora, secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2675 illud I ad Cor. XII, <i>aemulamini charismata meliora</i>. Ergo ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2676 humilitatem non pertinet reprimere appetitum arduorum, sed magis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2677 aestimationem.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2678 <p title="II-II q. 161 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="45468"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2679 "ref">[45468] IIª-IIae, q. 161 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2680 Praeterea, ad eandem virtutem pertinet refrenare superfluum motum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2681 et firmare animum contra superfluam retractionem, sicut eadem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2682 fortitudo est quae refrenat audaciam, et quae firmat animum contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2683 timorem. Sed magnanimitas firmat animum contra difficultates quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2684 accidunt in prosecutione magnorum. Si ergo humilitas refrenaret
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2685 appetitum magnorum, sequeretur quod humilitas non esset virtus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2686 distincta a magnanimitate. Quod patet esse falsum. Non ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2687 humilitas consistit circa appetitum magnorum, sed magis circa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2688 aestimationem.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2689 <p title="II-II q. 161 a. 2 arg. 4"><a name="45469"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2690 "ref">[45469] IIª-IIae, q. 161 a. 2 arg. 4</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2691 Praeterea, Andronicus ponit humilitatem circa exteriorem cultum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2692 dicit enim quod <i>humilitas est habitus non superabundans
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2693 sumptibus et praeparationibus</i>. Ergo non est circa motum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2694 appetitus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2695 <p title="II-II q. 161 a. 2 s. c."><a name="45470"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2696 "ref">[45470] IIª-IIae, q. 161 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2697 contra est quod Augustinus dicit, in libro de Poenit., quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2698 <i>humilis est qui eligit abiici in domo domini, magis quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2699 habitare in tabernaculis peccatorum</i>. Sed electio pertinet ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2700 appetitum. Ergo humilitas consistit circa appetitum, magis quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2701 circa aestimationem.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2702 <p title="II-II q. 161 a. 2 co."><a name="45471"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2703 "ref">[45471] IIª-IIae, q. 161 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2704 dicendum quod, sicut dictum est, ad humilitatem proprie pertinet ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2705 aliquis reprimat seipsum, ne feratur in ea quae sunt supra se. Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2706 hoc autem necessarium est ut aliquis cognoscat id in quo deficit a
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2707 proportione eius quod suam virtutem excedit. Et ideo cognitio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2708 proprii defectus pertinet ad humilitatem sicut regula quaedam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2709 directiva appetitus. Sed in ipso appetitu consistit humilitas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2710 essentialiter. Et ideo dicendum est quod humilitas proprie est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2711 moderativa motus appetitus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2712 <p title="II-II q. 161 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="45472"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2713 "ref">[45472] IIª-IIae, q. 161 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2714 ergo dicendum quod extollentia oculorum est quoddam signum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2715 superbiae, inquantum excludit reverentiam et timorem. Consueverunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2716 enim timentes et verecundati maxime oculos deprimere, quasi non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2717 audentes se aliis comparare. Non autem ex hoc sequitur quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2718 humilitas essentialiter circa cognitionem consistat.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2719 <p title="II-II q. 161 a. 2 ad 2"><a name="45473"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2720 "ref">[45473] IIª-IIae, q. 161 a. 2 ad 2</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2721 secundum dicendum quod tendere in aliqua maiora ex propriarum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2722 virium confidentia, humilitati contrariatur. Sed quod aliquis ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2723 confidentia divini auxilii in maiora tendat, hoc non est contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2724 humilitatem, praesertim cum ex hoc aliquis magis apud Deum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2725 exaltetur quod ei se magis per humilitatem subiicit. Unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2726 Augustinus dicit, in libro de Poenit., <i>aliud est levare se ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2727 Deum, aliud est levare se contra Deum. Qui ante illum se proiicit,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2728 ab illo erigitur, qui adversus illum se erigit, ab illo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2729 proiicitur</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2730 <p title="II-II q. 161 a. 2 ad 3"><a name="45474"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2731 "ref">[45474] IIª-IIae, q. 161 a. 2 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2732 dicendum quod in fortitudine invenitur eadem ratio refrenandi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2733 audaciam et firmandi animum contra timorem, utriusque enim ratio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2734 est ex hoc quod homo debet bonum rationis periculis mortis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2735 praestare. Sed in refrenando praesumptionem spei, quod pertinet ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2736 humilitatem, et in firmando animum contra desperationem, quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2737 pertinet ad magnanimitatem, est alia et alia ratio. Nam ratio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2738 firmandi animum contra desperationem est adeptio proprii boni, ne
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2739 scilicet, desperando, homo se indignum reddat bono quod sibi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2740 competebat. Sed in reprimendo praesumptionem spei, ratio praecipua
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2741 sumitur ex reverentia divina, ex qua contingit ut homo non plus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2742 sibi attribuat quam sibi competat secundum gradum quem est a Deo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2743 sortitus. Unde humilitas praecipue videtur importare subiectionem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2744 hominis ad Deum. Et propter hoc Augustinus, in libro de Serm. Dom.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2745 in monte, humilitatem, quam intelligit per paupertatem spiritus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2746 attribuit dono timoris, quo homo Deum reveretur. Et inde est quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2747 fortitudo aliter se habet ad audaciam quam humilitas ad spem. Nam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2748 fortitudo plus utitur audacia quam eam reprimat, unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2749 superabundantia est ei similior quam defectus. Humilitas autem plus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2750 reprimit spem vel fiduciam de seipso quam ea utatur, unde magis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2751 opponitur sibi superabundantia quam defectus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2752 <p title="II-II q. 161 a. 2 ad 4"><a name="45475"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2753 "ref">[45475] IIª-IIae, q. 161 a. 2 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2754 dicendum quod superabundantia in exterioribus sumptibus et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2755 praeparationibus solet ad quandam iactantiam fieri, quae per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2756 humilitatem reprimitur. Et quantum ad hoc, secundario consistit in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2757 exterioribus, prout sunt signa interioris appetitivi motus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2758 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2759 <div class="E">Articulus 3</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2760 <p title="II-II q. 161 a. 3 arg. 1"><a name="45476"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2761 "ref">[45476] IIª-IIae, q. 161 a. 3 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2762 tertium sic proceditur. Videtur quod homo non debeat se omnibus per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2763 humilitatem subiicere. Quia, sicut dictum est, humilitas praecipue
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2764 consistit in subiectione hominis ad Deum. Sed id quod debetur Deo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2765 non est homini exhibendum, ut patet in omnibus actibus latriae.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2766 Ergo homo per humilitatem non debet se homini subiicere.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2767 <p title="II-II q. 161 a. 3 arg. 2"><a name="45477"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2768 "ref">[45477] IIª-IIae, q. 161 a. 3 arg. 2</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2769 Praeterea, Augustinus dicit, in libro de Nat. et gratia,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2770 <i>humilitas collocanda est in parte veritatis, non in parte
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2771 falsitatis</i>. Sed aliqui sunt in supremo statu, qui si se
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2772 inferioribus subiicerent, absque falsitate hoc fieri non posset.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2773 Ergo homo non debet se omnibus per humilitatem subiicere.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2774 <p title="II-II q. 161 a. 3 arg. 3"><a name="45478"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2775 "ref">[45478] IIª-IIae, q. 161 a. 3 arg. 3</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2776 Praeterea, nullus debet facere id quod vergat in detrimentum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2777 salutis alterius. Sed si aliquis per humilitatem se alteri
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2778 subiiciat, quandoque hoc verget in detrimentum illius cui se
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2779 subiicit, qui ex hoc superbiret vel contemneret, unde Augustinus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2780 dicit, in regula, <i>ne, dum nimium servatur humilitas, regendi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2781 frangatur auctoritas</i>. Ergo homo non debet se per humilitatem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2782 omnibus subiicere.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2783 <p title="II-II q. 161 a. 3 s. c."><a name="45479"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2784 "ref">[45479] IIª-IIae, q. 161 a. 3 s. c.</span></a> Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2785 contra est quod dicitur Philipp. II, <i>in humilitate superiores
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2786 sibi invicem arbitrantes</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2787 <p title="II-II q. 161 a. 3 co."><a name="45480"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2788 "ref">[45480] IIª-IIae, q. 161 a. 3 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2789 dicendum quod in homine duo possunt considerari, scilicet id quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2790 est Dei, et id quod est hominis. Hominis autem est quidquid
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2791 pertinet ad defectum, sed Dei est quidquid pertinet ad salutem et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2792 perfectionem, secundum illud Osee XIII, <i>perditio tua, Israel, ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2793 me tantum auxilium tuum</i>. Humilitas autem, sicut dictum est,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2794 proprie respicit reverentiam qua homo Deo subiicitur. Et ideo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2795 quilibet homo, secundum id quod suum est, debet se cuilibet proximo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2796 subiicere quantum ad id quod est Dei in ipso. Non autem hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2797 requirit humilitas, ut aliquis id quod est Dei in seipso, subiiciat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2798 ei quod apparet esse Dei in altero. Nam illi qui dona Dei
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2799 participant, cognoscunt se ea habere, secundum illud I ad Cor. II,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2800 <i>ut sciamus quae a Deo donata sunt nobis</i>. Et ideo absque
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2801 praeiudicio humilitatis possunt dona quae ipsi acceperunt,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2802 praeferre donis Dei quae aliis apparent collata, sicut apostolus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2803 ad Ephes. III, dicit, <i>aliis generationibus non est agnitum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2804 filiis hominum, sicut nunc revelatum est sanctis apostolis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2805 eius</i>. Similiter etiam non hoc requirit humilitas, ut aliquis id
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2806 quod est suum in seipso, subiiciat ei quod est hominis in proximo.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2807 Alioquin, oporteret ut quilibet reputaret se magis peccatorem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2808 quolibet alio, cum tamen apostolus absque praeiudicio humilitatis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2809 dicat, Galat. II, <i>nos natura Iudaei, et non ex gentibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2810 peccatores</i>. Potest tamen aliquis reputare aliquid boni esse in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2811 proximo quod ipse non habet, vel aliquid mali in se esse quod in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2812 alio non est, ex quo potest ei se subiicere per humilitatem.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2813 <p title="II-II q. 161 a. 3 ad 1"><a name="45481"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2814 "ref">[45481] IIª-IIae, q. 161 a. 3 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2815 ergo dicendum quod non solum debemus Deum revereri in seipso, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2816 etiam id quod est eius debemus revereri in quolibet, non tamen
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2817 eodem modo reverentiae quo reveremur Deum. Et ideo per humilitatem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2818 debemus nos subiicere omnibus proximis propter Deum, secundum illud
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2819 I Pet. II, <i>subiecti estote omni humanae creaturae propter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2820 Deum</i>, latriam tamen soli Deo debemus exhibere.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2821 <p title="II-II q. 161 a. 3 ad 2"><a name="45482"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2822 "ref">[45482] IIª-IIae, q. 161 a. 3 ad 2</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2823 secundum dicendum quod, si nos praeferamus id quod est Dei in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2824 proximo, ei quod est proprium in nobis, non possumus incurrere
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2825 falsitatem. Unde super illud Philipp. II, <i>superiores invicem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2826 arbitrantes</i>, dicit Glossa, <i>non hoc ita debemus aestimare ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2827 nos aestimare fingamus, sed vere aestimemus posse aliquid esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2828 occultum in alio quo nobis superior sit, etiam si bonum nostrum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2829 quo illo videmur superiores esse, non sit occultum</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2830 <p title="II-II q. 161 a. 3 ad 3"><a name="45483"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2831 "ref">[45483] IIª-IIae, q. 161 a. 3 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2832 dicendum quod humilitas, sicut et ceterae virtutes, praecipue
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2833 interius in anima consistit. Et ideo potest homo secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2834 interiorem actum animae alteri se subiicere, sine hoc quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2835 occasionem habeat alicuius quod pertineat ad detrimentum suae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2836 salutis. Et hoc est quod Augustinus dicit, in regula, <i>timore
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2837 coram Deo praelatus substratus sit pedibus vestris</i>. Sed in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2838 exterioribus humilitatis actibus, sicut et in actibus ceterarum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2839 virtutum, est debita moderatio adhibenda, ne possint vergere in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2840 detrimentum alterius. Si autem aliquis quod debet faciat, et alii
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2841 ex hoc occasionem sumant peccati, non imputatur humiliter agenti,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2842 quia ille non scandalizat, quamvis alter scandalizetur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2843 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2844 <div class="E">Articulus 4</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2845 <p title="II-II q. 161 a. 4 arg. 1"><a name="45484"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2846 "ref">[45484] IIª-IIae, q. 161 a. 4 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2847 quartum sic proceditur. Videtur quod humilitas non sit pars
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2848 modestiae vel temperantiae. Humilitas enim praecipue respicit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2849 reverentiam qua quis subiicitur Deo, ut dictum est. Sed ad virtutem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2850 theologicam pertinet quod habeat Deum pro obiecto. Ergo humilitas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2851 magis debet poni virtus theologica quam pars temperantiae seu
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2852 modestiae.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2853 <p title="II-II q. 161 a. 4 arg. 2"><a name="45485"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2854 "ref">[45485] IIª-IIae, q. 161 a. 4 arg. 2</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2855 Praeterea, temperantia est in concupiscibili. Humilitas autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2856 videtur esse in irascibili, sicut et superbia, quae ei opponitur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2857 cuius obiectum est arduum. Ergo videtur quod humilitas non sit pars
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2858 temperantiae vel modestiae.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2859 <p title="II-II q. 161 a. 4 arg. 3"><a name="45486"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2860 "ref">[45486] IIª-IIae, q. 161 a. 4 arg. 3</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2861 Praeterea, humilitas et magnanimitas circa eadem sunt, ut ex supra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2862 dictis patet. Sed magnanimitas non ponitur pars temperantiae, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2863 magis fortitudinis, ut supra habitum est. Ergo videtur quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2864 humilitas non sit pars temperantiae vel modestiae.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2865 <p title="II-II q. 161 a. 4 s. c."><a name="45487"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2866 "ref">[45487] IIª-IIae, q. 161 a. 4 s. c.</span></a> Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2867 contra est quod Origenes dicit, super Lucam, <i>si vis nomen huius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2868 audire virtutis, quomodo etiam a philosophis appelletur, ausculta
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2869 eandem esse humilitatem quam respicit Deus, quae ab illis metriotes
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2870 dicitur</i>, idest mensuratio sive moderatio, quae manifeste
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2871 pertinet ad modestiam et temperantiam. Ergo humilitas est pars
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2872 modestiae et temperantiae.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2873 <p title="II-II q. 161 a. 4 co."><a name="45488"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2874 "ref">[45488] IIª-IIae, q. 161 a. 4 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2875 dicendum quod, sicut supra dictum est, in assignando partes
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2876 virtutibus praecipue attenditur similitudo quantum ad modum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2877 virtutis. Modus autem temperantiae, ex quo maxime laudem habet, est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2878 refrenatio vel repressio impetus alicuius passionis. Et ideo omnes
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2879 virtutes refrenantes sive reprimentes impetus aliquarum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2880 affectionum, vel actiones moderantes, ponuntur partes temperantiae.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2881 Sicut autem mansuetudo reprimit motum irae, ita etiam humilitas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2882 reprimit motum spei, qui est motus spiritus in magna tendentis. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2883 ideo, sicut mansuetudo ponitur pars temperantiae, ita etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2884 humilitas. Unde et philosophus, in IV Ethic., eum qui tendit in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2885 parva secundum suum modum, dicit non esse magnanimum, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2886 temperatum, quem nos humilem dicere possumus. Et inter alias partes
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2887 temperantiae, ratione superius dicta, continetur sub modestia,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2888 prout Tullius de ea loquitur, inquantum scilicet humilitas nihil
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2889 est aliud quam quaedam moderatio spiritus. Unde et I Pet. III
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2890 dicitur, <i>in incorruptibilitate quieti ac modesti
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2891 spiritus</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2892 <p title="II-II q. 161 a. 4 ad 1"><a name="45489"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2893 "ref">[45489] IIª-IIae, q. 161 a. 4 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2894 ergo dicendum quod virtutes theologicae, quae sunt circa ultimum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2895 finem, qui est primum principium in appetibilibus, sunt causae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2896 omnium aliarum virtutum. Unde ex hoc quod humilitas causatur ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2897 reverentia divina, non excluditur quin humilitas sit pars modestiae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2898 vel temperantiae.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2899 <p title="II-II q. 161 a. 4 ad 2"><a name="45490"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2900 "ref">[45490] IIª-IIae, q. 161 a. 4 ad 2</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2901 secundum dicendum quod partes principalibus virtutibus assignantur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2902 non secundum convenientiam in subiecto vel in materia, sed secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2903 convenientiam in modo formali, ut dictum est. Et ideo, licet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2904 humilitas sit in irascibili sicut in subiecto, ponitur tamen pars
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2905 modestiae et temperantiae propter modum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2906 <p title="II-II q. 161 a. 4 ad 3"><a name="45491"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2907 "ref">[45491] IIª-IIae, q. 161 a. 4 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2908 dicendum quod, licet magnanimitas et humilitas in materia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2909 conveniant, differunt tamen in modo, ratione cuius magnanimitas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2910 ponitur pars fortitudinis, humilitas autem pars temperantiae.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2911 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2912 <div class="E">Articulus 5</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2913 <p title="II-II q. 161 a. 5 arg. 1"><a name="45492"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2914 "ref">[45492] IIª-IIae, q. 161 a. 5 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2915 quintum sic proceditur. Videtur quod humilitas sit potissima
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2916 virtutum. Dicit enim Chrysostomus, exponens illud quod dicitur Luc.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2917 XVIII de Pharisaeo et publicano, quod, <i>si mixta delictis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2918 humilitas tam facile currit ut iustitiam superbiae coniunctam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2919 transeat, si iustitiae coniunxeris eam, quo non ibit? Assistet ipsi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2920 tribunali divino in medio Angelorum</i>. Et sic patet quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2921 humilitas praefertur iustitiae. Sed iustitia vel est praeclarissima
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2922 virtutum, vel includit in se omnes virtutes, ut patet per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2923 philosophum, in V Ethic. Ergo humilitas est maxima virtutum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2924 <p title="II-II q. 161 a. 5 arg. 2"><a name="45493"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2925 "ref">[45493] IIª-IIae, q. 161 a. 5 arg. 2</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2926 Praeterea, Augustinus dicit, in libro de Verb. Dom., <i>cogitas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2927 magnam fabricam construere celsitudinis? De fundamento prius cogita
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2928 humilitatis</i>. Ex quo videtur quod humilitas sit fundamentum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2929 omnium virtutum. Ergo videtur esse potior aliis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2930 <p title="II-II q. 161 a. 5 arg. 3"><a name="45494"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2931 "ref">[45494] IIª-IIae, q. 161 a. 5 arg. 3</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2932 Praeterea, maiori virtuti maius debetur praemium. Sed humilitati
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2933 debetur maximum praemium, quia qui se humiliat, exaltabitur, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2934 dicitur Luc. XIV. Ergo humilitas est maxima virtutum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2935 <p title="II-II q. 161 a. 5 arg. 4"><a name="45495"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2936 "ref">[45495] IIª-IIae, q. 161 a. 5 arg. 4</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2937 Praeterea, sicut Augustinus dicit, in libro de vera Relig., <i>tota
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2938 vita Christi in terris, per hominem quem suscipere dignatus est,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2939 disciplina morum fuit</i>. Praecipue humilitatem suam imitandam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2940 proposuit. Dicens, Matth. XI, <i>discite a me, quia mitis sum et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2941 humilis corde</i>. Et Gregorius dicit, in Pastoral., quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2942 <i>argumentum redemptionis nostrae inventa est humilitas Dei</i>.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2943 Ergo humilitas videtur esse maxima virtutum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2944 <p title="II-II q. 161 a. 5 s. c."><a name="45496"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2945 "ref">[45496] IIª-IIae, q. 161 a. 5 s. c.</span></a> Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2946 contra est quod caritas praefertur omnibus virtutibus, secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2947 illud Coloss. III, <i>super omnia, caritatem habete</i>. Non ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2948 humilitas est maxima virtutum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2949 <p title="II-II q. 161 a. 5 co."><a name="45497"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2950 "ref">[45497] IIª-IIae, q. 161 a. 5 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2951 dicendum quod bonum humanae virtutis in ordine rationis consistit.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2952 Qui quidem principaliter attenditur respectu finis. Unde virtutes
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2953 theologicae, quae habent ultimum finem pro obiecto, sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2954 potissimae. Secundario autem attenditur prout secundum rationem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2955 finis ordinantur ea quae sunt ad finem. Et haec quidem ordinatio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2956 essentialiter consistit in ipsa ratione ordinante, participative
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2957 autem in appetitu per rationem ordinato. Quam quidem ordinationem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2958 universaliter facit iustitia, praesertim legalis. Ordinationi autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2959 facit hominem bene subiectum humilitas in universali quantum ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2960 omnia, quaelibet autem alia virtus quantum ad aliquam materiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2961 specialem. Et ideo post virtutes theologicas; et virtutes
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2962 intellectuales, quae respiciunt ipsam rationem; et post iustitiam,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2963 praesertim legalem; potior ceteris est humilitas.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2964 <p title="II-II q. 161 a. 5 ad 1"><a name="45498"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2965 "ref">[45498] IIª-IIae, q. 161 a. 5 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2966 ergo dicendum quod humilitas iustitiae non praefertur, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2967 iustitiae cui superbia coniungitur, quae iam desinit esse virtus.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2968 Sicut e contrario peccatum per humilitatem remittitur, nam et de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2969 publicano dicitur, Luc. XVIII, quod merito humilitatis descendit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2970 iustificatus in domum suam. Unde et Chrysostomus dicit, <i>geminas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2971 bigas mihi accommodes, alteram quidem iustitiae et superbiae;
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2972 alteram vero peccati et humilitatis. Et videbis peccatum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2973 praevertens iustitiam, non propriis, sed humilitatis coniugae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2974 viribus, aliud vero par videbis devictum, non fragilitate
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2975 iustitiae, sed mole et tumore superbiae</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2976 <p title="II-II q. 161 a. 5 ad 2"><a name="45499"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2977 "ref">[45499] IIª-IIae, q. 161 a. 5 ad 2</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2978 secundum dicendum quod, sicut ordinata virtutum congregatio per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2979 quandam similitudinem aedificio comparatur, ita etiam illud quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2980 est primum in acquisitione virtutum, fundamento comparatur, quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2981 primum in aedificio iacitur. Virtutes autem verae infunduntur a
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2982 Deo. Unde primum in acquisitione virtutum potest accipi dupliciter.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2983 Uno modo, per modum removentis prohibens. Et sic humilitas primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2984 locum tenet, inquantum scilicet expellit superbiam, cui Deus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2985 resistit, et praebet hominem subditum et semper patulum ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2986 suscipiendum influxum divinae gratiae, inquantum evacuat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2987 inflationem superbiae; ut dicitur Iac. IV, quod <i>Deus superbis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2988 resistit, humilibus autem dat gratiam</i>. Et secundum hoc,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2989 humilitas dicitur spiritualis aedificii fundamentum. Alio modo est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2990 aliquid primum in virtutibus directe, per quod scilicet iam ad Deum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2991 acceditur. Primus autem accessus ad Deum est per fidem, secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2992 illud Heb. XI, <i>accedentem ad Deum oportet credere</i>. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2993 secundum hoc, fides ponitur fundamentum, nobiliori modo quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2994 humilitas.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2995 <p title="II-II q. 161 a. 5 ad 3"><a name="45500"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2996 "ref">[45500] IIª-IIae, q. 161 a. 5 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2997 dicendum quod contemnenti terrena promittuntur caelestia, sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2998 contemnentibus divitias terrenas promittuntur caelestes thesauri,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2999 secundum illud Matth. VI, <i>nolite thesaurizare vobis thesauros in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3000 terra, sed thesaurizate vobis thesauros in coelo</i>; et similiter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3001 contemnentibus mundi gaudia promittuntur consolationes caelestes,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3002 secundum illud Matth. V, <i>beati qui lugent, quoniam ipsi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3003 consolabuntur</i>. Et eodem modo humilitati promittitur spiritualis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3004 exaltatio, non quia ipsa sola eam mereatur, sed quia eius est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3005 proprium contemnere sublimitatem terrenam. Unde Augustinus dicit,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3006 in libro de poenitentia, <i>ne putes eum qui se humiliat, semper
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3007 iacere, cum dictum sit, exaltabitur. Et ne opineris eius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3008 exaltationem in oculis hominum per sublimitates fieri
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3009 corporales</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3010 <p title="II-II q. 161 a. 5 ad 4"><a name="45501"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3011 "ref">[45501] IIª-IIae, q. 161 a. 5 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3012 dicendum quod ideo Christus praecipue humilitatem nobis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3013 commendavit, quia per hoc maxime removetur impedimentum humanae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3014 salutis, quae consistit in hoc quod homo ad caelestia et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3015 spiritualia tendat, a quibus homo impeditur dum in terrenis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3016 magnificari studet. Et ideo dominus, ut impedimentum salutis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3017 auferret, exteriorem celsitudinem contemnendam monstravit per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3018 humilitatis exempla. Et sic humilitas est quasi quaedam dispositio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3019 ad liberum accessum hominis in spiritualia et divina bona. Sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3020 ergo perfectio est potior dispositione, ita etiam caritas et aliae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3021 virtutes quibus homo directe movetur in Deum, sunt potiores
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3022 humilitate.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3023 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3024 <div class="E">Articulus 6</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3025 <p title="II-II q. 161 a. 6 arg. 1"><a name="45502"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3026 "ref">[45502] IIª-IIae, q. 161 a. 6 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3027 sextum sic proceditur. Videtur quod inconvenienter distinguantur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3028 duodecim gradus humilitatis qui in regula beati Benedicti ponuntur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3029 quorum primus est, corde et corpore semper humilitatem ostendere,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3030 defixis in terram aspectibus; secundus, ut pauca verba, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3031 rationabilia loquatur aliquis, non clamosa voce; tertius, ut non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3032 sit facilis aut promptus in risum; quartus, taciturnitas usque ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3033 interrogationem; quintus, tenere quod habet communis monasterii
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3034 regula; sextus, credere et pronuntiare se omnibus viliorem;
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3035 septimus, ad omnia indignum et inutilem se confiteri et credere;
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3036 octavus, confessio peccatorum; nonus, pro obedientia in duris et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3037 asperis patientiam amplecti; decimus, ut cum obedientia se subdat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3038 maiori; undecimus, ut voluntatem propriam non delectetur implere;
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3039 duodecimus, ut Deum timeat, et memor sit omnium quae praecepit.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3040 Enumerantur enim hic quaedam quae ad alias virtutes pertinent,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3041 sicut obedientia et patientia. Enumerantur etiam aliqua quae ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3042 falsam opinionem pertinere videntur, quae nulli virtuti potest
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3043 competere, scilicet quod aliquis pronuntiet se omnibus viliorem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3044 quod ad omnia indignum et inutilem se confiteatur et credat. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3045 inconvenienter ista ponuntur inter gradus humilitatis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3046 <p title="II-II q. 161 a. 6 arg. 2"><a name="45503"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3047 "ref">[45503] IIª-IIae, q. 161 a. 6 arg. 2</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3048 Praeterea, humilitas ab interioribus ad exteriora procedit, sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3049 et ceterae virtutes. Inconvenienter igitur praemittuntur in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3050 praemissis gradibus illa quae pertinent ad exteriores actus, his
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3051 quae pertinent ad interiores.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3052 <p title="II-II q. 161 a. 6 arg. 3"><a name="45504"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3053 "ref">[45504] IIª-IIae, q. 161 a. 6 arg. 3</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3054 Praeterea, Anselmus, in libro de similitudinibus, ponit septem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3055 humilitatis gradus, quorum primus est, contemptibilem se esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3056 cognoscere; secundus, de hoc dolere; tertius, hoc confiteri;
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3057 quartus, hoc persuadere, ut scilicet velit hoc credi; quintus, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3058 patienter sustineat hoc dici; sextus, ut patiatur contemptibiliter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3059 se tractari; septimus, ut hoc amet. Ergo videntur praemissi gradus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3060 esse superflui.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3061 <p title="II-II q. 161 a. 6 arg. 4"><a name="45505"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3062 "ref">[45505] IIª-IIae, q. 161 a. 6 arg. 4</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3063 Praeterea, Matth. III dicit Glossa, <i>perfecta humilitas tres
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3064 habet gradus. Primus est subdere se maiori, et non praeferre se
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3065 aequali, qui est sufficiens. Secundus est subdere se aequali, nec
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3066 praeferre se minori, et hic dicitur abundans. Tertius gradus est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3067 subesse minori, in quo est omnis iustitia</i>. Ergo praemissi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3068 gradus videntur esse superflui.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3069 <p title="II-II q. 161 a. 6 arg. 5"><a name="45506"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3070 "ref">[45506] IIª-IIae, q. 161 a. 6 arg. 5</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3071 Praeterea, Augustinus dicit, in libro de Virginit., <i>mensura
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3072 humilitatis cuique ex mensura ipsius magnitudinis data est, cui est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3073 periculosa superbia, quae amplius amplioribus insidiatur</i>. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3074 mensura magnitudinis humanae non potest sub certo numero graduum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3075 determinari. Ergo videtur quod non possint determinati gradus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3076 humilitatis assignari.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3077 <p title="II-II q. 161 a. 6 co."><a name="45507"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3078 "ref">[45507] IIª-IIae, q. 161 a. 6 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3079 dicendum quod, sicut ex supra dictis patet, humilitas essentialiter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3080 in appetitu consistit, secundum quod aliquis refrenat impetum animi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3081 sui, ne inordinate tendat in magna, sed regulam habet in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3082 cognitione, ut scilicet aliquis non se existimet esse supra id quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3083 est. Et utriusque principium et radix est reverentia quam quis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3084 habet ad Deum. Ex interiori autem dispositione humilitatis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3085 procedunt quaedam exteriora signa in verbis et factis et gestibus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3086 quibus id quod interius latet manifestatur, sicut et in ceteris
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3087 virtutibus accidit, nam <i>ex visu cognoscitur vir, et ab occursu
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3088 faciei sensatus</i>, ut dicitur Eccli. XIX. Et ideo in praedictis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3089 gradibus humilitatis ponitur aliquid quod pertinet ad humilitatis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3090 radicem, scilicet duodecimus gradus, qui est, <i>ut homo Deum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3091 timeat, et memor sit omnium quae praecepit</i>. Ponitur etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3092 aliquid pertinens ad appetitum, ne scilicet in propriam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3093 excellentiam inordinate tendat. Quod quidem fit tripliciter. Uno
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3094 modo, ut non sequatur homo propriam voluntatem, quod pertinet ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3095 undecimum gradum. Alio modo, ut regulet eam secundum superioris
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3096 arbitrium, quod pertinet ad gradum decimum. Tertio modo, ut ab hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3097 non desistat propter dura et aspera quae occurrunt, et hoc pertinet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3098 ad nonum. Ponuntur etiam quaedam pertinentia ad existimationem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3099 hominis recognoscentis suum defectum. Et hoc tripliciter. Uno
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3100 quidem modo, per hoc quod proprios defectus recognoscat et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3101 confiteatur, quod pertinet ad octavum gradum. Secundo, ut ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3102 consideratione sui defectus aliquis insufficientem se existimet ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3103 maiora, quod pertinet ad septimum. Tertio, ut quantum ad hoc sibi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3104 alios praeferat, quod pertinet ad sextum. Ponuntur etiam quaedam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3105 quae pertinent ad exteriora signa. Quorum unum est in factis, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3106 scilicet homo non recedat in suis operibus a via communi, quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3107 pertinet ad quintum. Alia duo sunt in verbis, ut scilicet homo non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3108 praeripiat tempus loquendi, quod pertinet ad quartum; nec excedat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3109 modum in loquendo, quod pertinet ad secundum. Alia vero consistunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3110 in exterioribus gestibus, puta in reprimendo extollentiam oculorum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3111 quod pertinet ad primum; et in cohibendo exterius risum et alia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3112 ineptae laetitiae signa, quod pertinet ad tertium.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3113 <p title="II-II q. 161 a. 6 ad 1"><a name="45508"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3114 "ref">[45508] IIª-IIae, q. 161 a. 6 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3115 ergo dicendum quod aliquis absque falsitate potest se credere et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3116 pronuntiare omnibus viliorem, secundum defectus occultos quos in se
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3117 recognoscit, et dona Dei quae in aliis latent. Unde Augustinus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3118 dicit, in libro de Virginit., <i>existimate aliquos in occulto
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3119 superiores, quibus estis in manifesto meliores</i>. Similiter etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3120 absque falsitate potest aliquis confiteri et credere ad omnia se
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3121 inutilem et indignum, secundum proprias vires, ut sufficientiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3122 suam totam in Deum referat, secundum illud II ad Cor. III, <i>non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3123 quod sufficientes simus cogitare aliquid a nobis, quasi ex nobis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3124 sed sufficientia nostra ex Deo est</i>. Non est autem inconveniens
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3125 quod ea quae ad alias virtutes pertinent, humilitati adscribantur.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3126 Quia sicut unum vitium oritur ex alio, ita naturali ordine actus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3127 unius virtutis procedit ex actu alterius.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3128 <p title="II-II q. 161 a. 6 ad 2"><a name="45509"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3129 "ref">[45509] IIª-IIae, q. 161 a. 6 ad 2</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3130 secundum dicendum quod homo ad humilitatem pervenit per duo. Primo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3131 quidem et principaliter, per gratiae donum. Et quantum ad hoc,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3132 interiora praecedunt exteriora. Aliud autem est humanum studium,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3133 per quod homo prius exteriora cohibet, et postmodum pertingit ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3134 extirpandum interiorem radicem. Et secundum hunc ordinem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3135 assignantur hic humilitatis gradus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3136 <p title="II-II q. 161 a. 6 ad 3"><a name="45510"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3137 "ref">[45510] IIª-IIae, q. 161 a. 6 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3138 dicendum quod omnes gradus quos Anselmus ponit, reducuntur ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3139 opinionem et manifestationem et voluntatem propriae abiectionis.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3140 Nam primus gradus pertinet ad cognitionem proprii defectus. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3141 quia vituperabile esset si quis proprium defectum amaret, hoc per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3142 secundum gradum excluditur. Sed ad manifestationem sui defectus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3143 pertinent tertius et quartus gradus, ut scilicet aliquis non solum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3144 simpliciter suum defectum enuntiet, sed etiam persuadeat. Alii
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3145 autem tres gradus pertinent ad appetitum. Qui excellentiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3146 exteriorem non quaerit, sed exteriorem abiectionem vel aequanimiter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3147 patitur, sive in verbis sive in factis, quia, sicut Gregorius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3148 dicit, in registro, <i>non grande est his nos esse humiles a quibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3149 honoramur, quia et hoc saeculares quilibet faciunt, sed illis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3150 maxime humiles esse debemus a quibus aliqua patimur</i>. Et hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3151 pertinet ad quintum et sextum gradum. Vel etiam desideranter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3152 exteriorem abiectionem amplectitur, quod pertinet ad septimum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3153 gradum. Et sic omnes isti gradus continentur sub sexto et septimo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3154 superius enumeratis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3155 <p title="II-II q. 161 a. 6 ad 4"><a name="45511"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3156 "ref">[45511] IIª-IIae, q. 161 a. 6 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3157 dicendum quod illi gradus accipiuntur non ex parte ipsius rei,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3158 idest secundum naturam humilitatis, sed per comparationem ad gradus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3159 hominum, qui sunt vel maiores vel minores vel aequales.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3160 <p title="II-II q. 161 a. 6 ad 5"><a name="45512"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3161 "ref">[45512] IIª-IIae, q. 161 a. 6 ad 5</span></a> Ad quintum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3162 dicendum quod etiam illa ratio procedit ex gradibus humilitatis non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3163 secundum ipsam naturam rei, secundum quam assignantur praemissi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3164 gradus, sed secundum diversas hominum conditiones.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3165 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3166 <div class="D">Quaestio 162</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3167 <div class="G">Prooemium</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3168 <p title="II-II q. 162 pr."><a name="45513"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3169 "ref">[45513] IIª-IIae, q. 162 pr.</span></a> Deinde
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3170 considerandum est de superbia. Et primo, de superbia in communi;
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3171 secundo, de peccato primi hominis, quod ponitur esse superbia.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3172 Circa primum quaeruntur octo. Primo, utrum superbia sit peccatum.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3173 Secundo, utrum sit vitium speciale. Tertio, in quo sit sicut in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3174 subiecto. Quarto, de speciebus eius. Quinto, utrum sit peccatum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3175 mortale. Sexto, utrum sit gravissimum omnium peccatorum. Septimo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3176 de ordine eius ad alia peccata. Octavo, utrum debeat poni vitium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3177 capitale.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3178 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3179 <div class="E">Articulus 1</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3180 <p title="II-II q. 162 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="45514"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3181 "ref">[45514] IIª-IIae, q. 162 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3182 primum sic proceditur. Videtur quod superbia non sit peccatum.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3183 Nullum enim peccatum est repromissum a Deo, promittit enim Deus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3184 quod ipse facturus est; non est autem auctor peccati. Sed superbia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3185 connumeratur inter repromissiones divinas, dicitur enim Isaiae LX,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3186 <i>ponam te in superbiam saeculorum, gaudium in generatione et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3187 generationem</i>. Ergo superbia non est peccatum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3188 <p title="II-II q. 162 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="45515"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3189 "ref">[45515] IIª-IIae, q. 162 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3190 Praeterea, appetere divinam similitudinem non est peccatum, hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3191 enim naturaliter appetit quaelibet creatura, et in hoc optimum eius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3192 consistit. Et praecipue hoc convenit rationali creaturae, quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3193 facta est ad imaginem et similitudinem Dei. Sed sicut dicitur in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3194 libro sententiarum prosperi, superbia est amor propriae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3195 excellentiae, per quam homo Deo similatur, qui est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3196 excellentissimus, unde dicit Augustinus, in II Confess.,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3197 <i>superbia celsitudinem imitatur, cum tu sis unus super omnia Deus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3198 excelsus</i>. Ergo superbia non est peccatum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3199 <p title="II-II q. 162 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="45516"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3200 "ref">[45516] IIª-IIae, q. 162 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3201 Praeterea, peccatum non solum contrariatur virtuti, sed etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3202 opposito vitio, ut patet per philosophum, in II Ethic. Sed nullum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3203 vitium invenitur oppositum esse superbiae. Ergo superbia non est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3204 peccatum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3205 <p title="II-II q. 162 a. 1 s. c."><a name="45517"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3206 "ref">[45517] IIª-IIae, q. 162 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3207 contra est quod dicitur Tobiae IV, <i>superbiam nunquam in tuo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3208 sensu aut in tuo verbo dominari permittas</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3209 <p title="II-II q. 162 a. 1 co."><a name="45518"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3210 "ref">[45518] IIª-IIae, q. 162 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3211 dicendum quod superbia nominatur ex hoc quod aliquis per voluntatem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3212 tendit supra id quod est, unde dicit Isidorus, in libro Etymol.,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3213 <i>superbus dictus est quia super vult videri quam est, qui enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3214 vult supergredi quod est, superbus est</i>. Habet autem hoc ratio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3215 recta, ut voluntas uniuscuiusque feratur in id quod est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3216 proportionatum sibi. Et ideo manifestum est quod superbia importat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3217 aliquid quod adversatur rationi rectae. Hoc autem facit rationem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3218 peccati, quia secundum Dionysium, IV cap. de Div. Nom., malum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3219 animae est praeter rationem esse. Unde manifestum est quod superbia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3220 est peccatum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3221 <p title="II-II q. 162 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="45519"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3222 "ref">[45519] IIª-IIae, q. 162 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3223 ergo dicendum quod superbia dupliciter accipi potest. Uno modo, ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3224 eo quod supergreditur regulam rationis. Et sic dicimus eam esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3225 peccatum. Alio modo potest superbia nominari simpliciter a
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3226 superexcessu. Et secundum hoc, omne superexcedens potest nominari
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3227 superbia. Et ita repromittitur a Deo superbia, quasi quidam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3228 superexcessus bonorum. Unde et Glossa Hieronymi dicit, ibidem, quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3229 est superbia bona, et mala. Quamvis etiam dici possit quod superbia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3230 ibi accipitur materialiter pro abundantia rerum de quibus possunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3231 homines superbire.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3232 <p title="II-II q. 162 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="45520"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3233 "ref">[45520] IIª-IIae, q. 162 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3234 secundum dicendum quod eorum quae naturaliter homo appetit, ratio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3235 est ordinatrix, et ita, si aliquis a regula rationis recedit, vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3236 in plus vel in minus, erit talis appetitus vitiosus; sicut patet de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3237 appetitu cibi, qui naturaliter desideratur. Superbia autem appetit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3238 excellentiam in excessu ad rationem rectam, unde Augustinus dicit,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3239 in XIV de Civ. Dei, quod superbia est perversae celsitudinis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3240 appetitus. Et inde est etiam quod, sicut Augustinus dicit, XIX de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3241 Civ. Dei, <i>superbia perverse imitatur Deum. Odit namque cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3242 sociis aequalitatem sub illo, sed imponere vult sociis dominationem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3243 suam pro illo</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3244 <p title="II-II q. 162 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="45521"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3245 "ref">[45521] IIª-IIae, q. 162 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3246 dicendum quod superbia directe opponitur virtuti humilitatis, quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3247 quodammodo circa eadem magnanimitati existit, ut supra dictum est.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3248 Unde et vitium quod opponitur superbiae in defectum vergens,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3249 propinquum est vitio pusillanimitatis, quae opponitur magnanimitati
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3250 secundum defectum. Nam sicut ad magnanimitatem pertinet impellere
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3251 animum ad magna, contra desperationem; ita ad humilitatem pertinet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3252 retrahere animum ab inordinato appetitu magnorum, contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3253 praesumptionem. Pusillanimitas autem, si importet defectum a
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3254 prosecutione magnorum, proprie opponitur magnanimitati per modum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3255 defectus; si autem importet applicationem animi ad aliqua viliora
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3256 quam hominem deceant, opponetur humilitati secundum defectum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3257 utrumque enim ex animi parvitate procedit. Sicut et e contrario
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3258 superbia potest secundum superexcessum et magnanimitati et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3259 humilitati opponi, secundum rationes diversas, humilitati quidem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3260 secundum quod subiectionem aspernatur; magnanimitati autem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3261 secundum quod inordinate ad magna se extendit. Sed quia superbia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3262 superioritatem quandam importat, directius opponitur humilitati,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3263 sicut et pusillanimitas, quae importat parvitatem animi in magna
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3264 tendentis, directius opponitur magnanimitati.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3265 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3266 <div class="E">Articulus 2</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3267 <p title="II-II q. 162 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="45522"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3268 "ref">[45522] IIª-IIae, q. 162 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3269 secundum sic proceditur. Videtur quod superbia non sit speciale
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3270 peccatum. Dicit enim Augustinus, in libro de Nat. et gratia, quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3271 <i>sine superbiae appellatione, nullum peccatum invenies</i>. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3272 prosper dicit, in libro de vita Contemplat., <i>nullum peccatum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3273 absque superbia potest, vel potuit esse, aut poterit</i>. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3274 superbia est generale peccatum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3275 <p title="II-II q. 162 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="45523"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3276 "ref">[45523] IIª-IIae, q. 162 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3277 Praeterea, Iob XXXIII, ut avertat hominem ab iniquitate, dicit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3278 Glossa quod <i>contra conditorem superbire est eius praecepta
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3279 peccando transcendere</i>. Sed secundum Ambrosium, <i>omne peccatum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3280 est transgressio legis divinae et caelestium inobedientia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3281 mandatorum</i>. Ergo omne peccatum est superbia.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3282 <p title="II-II q. 162 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="45524"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3283 "ref">[45524] IIª-IIae, q. 162 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3284 Praeterea, omne peccatum speciale alicui speciali virtuti
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3285 opponitur. Sed superbia opponitur omnibus virtutibus, dicit enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3286 Gregorius, XXXIV Moral., <i>superbia nequaquam est unius virtutis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3287 extinctione contenta, per cuncta animae membra se erigit, et quasi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3288 generalis ac pestifer morbus, corpus omne corrumpit</i>. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3289 Isidorus dicit, in libro Etymol., quod est ruina omnium virtutum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3290 ergo superbia non est speciale peccatum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3291 <p title="II-II q. 162 a. 2 arg. 4"><a name="45525"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3292 "ref">[45525] IIª-IIae, q. 162 a. 2 arg. 4</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3293 Praeterea, omne peccatum speciale habet specialem materiam. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3294 superbia habet generalem materiam, dicit enim Gregorius, XXXIV
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3295 Moral., quod <i>alter intumescit auro, alter eloquio, alter infimis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3296 et terrenis rebus, alter summis caelestibusque virtutibus</i>. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3297 superbia non est speciale peccatum, sed generale.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3298 <p title="II-II q. 162 a. 2 s. c."><a name="45526"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3299 "ref">[45526] IIª-IIae, q. 162 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3300 contra est quod Augustinus dicit, in libro de Nat. et gratia,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3301 <i>quaerat, et inveniet, secundum legem Dei, superbiam esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3302 peccatum multum discretum ab aliis vitiis</i>. Genus autem non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3303 distinguitur a suis speciebus. Ergo superbia non est generale
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3304 peccatum, sed speciale.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3305 <p title="II-II q. 162 a. 2 co."><a name="45527"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3306 "ref">[45527] IIª-IIae, q. 162 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3307 dicendum quod peccatum superbiae dupliciter potest considerari. Uno
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3308 modo, secundum propriam speciem, quam habet ex ratione proprii
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3309 obiecti. Et hoc modo superbia est speciale peccatum, quia habet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3310 speciale obiectum, est enim inordinatus appetitus propriae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3311 excellentiae, ut dictum est. Alio modo potest considerari secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3312 redundantiam quandam in alia peccata. Et secundum hoc, habet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3313 quandam generalitatem, inquantum scilicet ex superbia oriri possunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3314 omnia peccata, duplici ratione. Uno modo, per se, inquantum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3315 scilicet alia peccata ordinantur ad finem superbiae, qui est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3316 propria excellentia, ad quam potest ordinari omne id quod quis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3317 inordinate appetit. Alio modo, indirecte et quasi per accidens,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3318 scilicet removendo prohibens, inquantum scilicet per superbiam homo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3319 contemnit divinam legem, per quam prohibetur a peccando; secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3320 illud Ierem. II, <i>confregisti iugum, rupisti vincula, dixisti,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3321 non serviam</i>. Sciendum tamen quod ad hanc generalitatem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3322 superbiae pertinet quod omnia vitia ex superbia interdum oriri
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3323 possunt, non autem ad eam pertinet quod omnia vitia semper ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3324 superbia oriantur. Quamvis enim omnia praecepta legis possit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3325 aliquis transgredi qualicumque peccato ex contemptu, qui pertinet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3326 ad superbiam; non tamen semper ex contemptu aliquis praecepta
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3327 divina transgreditur, sed quandoque ex ignorantia, quandoque ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3328 infirmitate. Et inde est quod, sicut Augustinus dicit, in libro de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3329 Nat. et gratia, <i>multa perperam fiunt, quae non fiunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3330 superbe</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3331 <p title="II-II q. 162 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="45528"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3332 "ref">[45528] IIª-IIae, q. 162 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3333 ergo dicendum quod Augustinus illa verba inducit, in libro de Nat.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3334 et gratia, non ex persona sua, sed ex persona alterius, contra quem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3335 disputat. Unde et postmodum improbat ea, ostendens quod non semper
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3336 ex superbia peccatur. Potest tamen dici quod auctoritates illae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3337 intelliguntur quantum ad exteriorem effectum superbiae, qui est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3338 transgredi praecepta, quod invenitur in quolibet peccato, non autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3339 quantum ad interiorem actum superbiae, qui est contemptus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3340 praecepti. Non enim semper peccatum fit ex contemptu, sed quandoque
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3341 ex ignorantia, quandoque ex infirmitate, ut dictum est.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3342 <p title="II-II q. 162 a. 2 ad 2"><a name="45529"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3343 "ref">[45529] IIª-IIae, q. 162 a. 2 ad 2</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3344 secundum dicendum quod quandoque aliquis committit aliquod peccatum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3345 secundum effectum, sed non secundum affectum, sicut ille qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3346 ignoranter occidit patrem, committit parricidium secundum effectum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3347 sed non secundum affectum, quia hoc non intendebat. Et secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3348 hoc, transgredi praeceptum Dei dicitur esse contra Deum superbire,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3349 secundum effectum quidem semper, non autem semper secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3350 affectum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3351 <p title="II-II q. 162 a. 2 ad 3"><a name="45530"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3352 "ref">[45530] IIª-IIae, q. 162 a. 2 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3353 dicendum quod peccatum aliquod potest corrumpere virtutem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3354 dupliciter. Uno modo, per directam contrarietatem ad virtutem. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3355 hoc modo superbia non corrumpit quamlibet virtutem, sed solam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3356 humilitatem, sicut et quodlibet aliud speciale peccatum corrumpit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3357 specialem virtutem sibi oppositam, contrarium agendo. Alio modo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3358 peccatum aliquod corrumpit virtutem abutendo ipsa virtute. Et sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3359 superbia corrumpit quamlibet virtutem, inquantum scilicet ex ipsis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3360 virtutibus sumit occasionem superbiendi, sicut et quibuslibet aliis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3361 rebus ad excellentiam pertinentibus. Unde non sequitur quod sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3362 generale peccatum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3363 <p title="II-II q. 162 a. 2 ad 4"><a name="45531"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3364 "ref">[45531] IIª-IIae, q. 162 a. 2 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3365 dicendum quod superbia attendit specialem rationem obiecti, quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3366 tamen inveniri potest in diversis materiis. Est enim inordinatus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3367 amor propriae excellentiae, excellentia autem potest in diversis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3368 rebus inveniri.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3369 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3370 <div class="E">Articulus 3</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3371 <p title="II-II q. 162 a. 3 arg. 1"><a name="45532"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3372 "ref">[45532] IIª-IIae, q. 162 a. 3 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3373 tertium sic proceditur. Videtur quod superbia non sit in irascibili
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3374 sicut in subiecto. Dicit enim Gregorius, XXIII Moral.,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3375 <i>obstaculum veritatis tumor mentis est, quia, dum inflat,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3376 obnubilat</i>. Sed cognitio veritatis non pertinet ad irascibilem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3377 sed ad vim rationalem. Ergo superbia non est in irascibili.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3378 <p title="II-II q. 162 a. 3 arg. 2"><a name="45533"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3379 "ref">[45533] IIª-IIae, q. 162 a. 3 arg. 2</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3380 Praeterea, Gregorius dicit, XXIV Moral., quod <i>superbi non eorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3381 vitam considerant quibus se humiliando postponant, sed quibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3382 superbiendo se praeferant</i>, et sic videtur superbia ex indebita
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3383 consideratione procedere. Sed consideratio non pertinet ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3384 irascibilem, sed potius ad rationalem. Ergo superbia non est in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3385 irascibili, sed potius in rationali.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3386 <p title="II-II q. 162 a. 3 arg. 3"><a name="45534"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3387 "ref">[45534] IIª-IIae, q. 162 a. 3 arg. 3</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3388 Praeterea, superbia non solum quaerit excellentiam in rebus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3389 sensibilibus, sed etiam in rebus spiritualibus et intelligibilibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3390 ipsa etiam principaliter consistit in contemptu Dei, secundum illud
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3391 Eccli. X, <i>initium superbiae hominis est apostatare a Deo</i>.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3392 Sed irascibilis, cum sit pars appetitus sensitivi, non potest se
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3393 extendere in Deum et in intelligibilia. Ergo superbia non potest
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3394 esse in irascibili.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3395 <p title="II-II q. 162 a. 3 arg. 4"><a name="45535"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3396 "ref">[45535] IIª-IIae, q. 162 a. 3 arg. 4</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3397 Praeterea, ut dicitur in libro sententiarum prosperi, <i>superbia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3398 est amor propriae excellentiae</i>. Sed amor non est in irascibili,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3399 sed in concupiscibili. Ergo superbia non est in irascibili.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3400 <p title="II-II q. 162 a. 3 s. c."><a name="45536"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3401 "ref">[45536] IIª-IIae, q. 162 a. 3 s. c.</span></a> Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3402 contra est quod Gregorius, in II Moral., ponit contra superbiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3403 donum timoris. Timor autem pertinet ad irascibilem. Ergo superbia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3404 est in irascibili.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3405 <p title="II-II q. 162 a. 3 co."><a name="45537"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3406 "ref">[45537] IIª-IIae, q. 162 a. 3 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3407 dicendum quod subiectum cuiuslibet virtutis vel vitii oportet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3408 inquirere ex proprio obiecto, non enim potest esse aliud obiectum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3409 habitus vel actus nisi quod est obiectum potentiae quae utrique
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3410 subiicitur. Proprium autem obiectum superbiae est arduum, est enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3411 appetitus propriae excellentiae, ut dictum est. Unde oportet quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3412 superbia aliquo modo ad vim irascibilem pertineat. Sed irascibilis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3413 dupliciter accipi potest. Uno modo, proprie. Et sic est pars
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3414 appetitus sensitivi, sicut et ira proprie sumpta est quaedam passio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3415 sensitivi appetitus. Alio modo, potest accipi irascibilis largius,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3416 ut scilicet pertineat etiam ad appetitum intellectivum, cui etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3417 quandoque attribuitur ira, prout scilicet attribuimus iram Deo et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3418 Angelis, non quidem secundum passionem, sed secundum iudicium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3419 iustitiae iudicantis. Et tamen irascibilis sic communiter dicta non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3420 est potentia distincta a concupiscibili, ut patet ex his quae in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3421 primo dicta sunt. Si ergo arduum quod est obiectum superbiae, esset
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3422 solum aliquid sensibile, in quod posset tendere appetitus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3423 sensitivus, oporteret quod superbia esset in irascibili quae est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3424 pars appetitus sensitivi. Sed quia arduum quod respicit superbia,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3425 communiter invenitur et in sensibilibus et in spiritualibus rebus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3426 necesse est dicere quod subiectum superbiae sit irascibilis non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3427 solum proprie sumpta, prout est pars appetitus sensitivi, sed etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3428 communius accepta, prout invenitur in appetitu intellectivo. Unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3429 et in Daemonibus superbia ponitur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3430 <p title="II-II q. 162 a. 3 ad 1"><a name="45538"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3431 "ref">[45538] IIª-IIae, q. 162 a. 3 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3432 ergo dicendum quod cognitio veritatis est duplex. Una pure
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3433 speculativa. Et hanc superbia indirecte impedit, subtrahendo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3434 causam. Superbus enim neque Deo suum intellectum subiicit, ut ab eo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3435 veritatis cognitionem percipiat, secundum illud Matth. XI,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3436 abscondisti haec a sapientibus et prudentibus, idest a superbis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3437 qui sibi sapientes et prudentes videntur, et revelasti ea parvulis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3438 idest humilibus. Neque etiam ab hominibus addiscere dignantur, cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3439 tamen dicatur, Eccli. VI, <i>si inclinaveris aurem tuam</i>.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3440 Scilicet humiliter audiendo, excipies doctrinam. Alia autem est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3441 cognitio veritatis affectiva. Et talem cognitionem veritatis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3442 directe impedit superbia. Quia superbi, dum delectantur in propria
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3443 excellentia, excellentiam veritatis fastidiunt, ut Gregorius dicit,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3444 XXIII Moral., quod <i>superbi et secreta quaedam intelligendo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3445 percipiunt, et eorum dulcedinem experiri non possunt, et si
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3446 noverint quomodo sunt, ignorant quomodo sapiunt</i>. Unde et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3447 Proverb. XI dicitur, <i>ubi humilitas, ibi sapientia</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3448 <p title="II-II q. 162 a. 3 ad 2"><a name="45539"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3449 "ref">[45539] IIª-IIae, q. 162 a. 3 ad 2</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3450 secundum dicendum quod, sicut supra dictum est, humilitas attendit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3451 ad regulam rationis rectae, secundum quam aliquis veram
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3452 existimationem de se habet. Hanc autem regulam rectae rationis non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3453 attendit superbia, sed de se maiora existimat quam sint. Quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3454 contingit ex inordinato appetitu propriae excellentiae, quia quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3455 quis vehementer desiderat, facile credit. Et ex hoc etiam eius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3456 appetitus in altiora fertur quam sibi conveniant. Et ideo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3457 quaecumque ad hoc conferant quod aliquis existimet se supra id quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3458 est, inducunt hominem ad superbiam. Quorum unum est quod aliquis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3459 consideret defectus aliorum, sicut e contrario Gregorius, ibidem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3460 dicit quod <i>sancti viri virtutum consideratione vicissim sibi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3461 alios praeferunt</i>. Ex hoc ergo non habetur quod superbia sit in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3462 rationali, sed quod aliqua causa eius in ratione existat.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3463 <p title="II-II q. 162 a. 3 ad 3"><a name="45540"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3464 "ref">[45540] IIª-IIae, q. 162 a. 3 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3465 dicendum quod superbia non est solum in irascibili secundum quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3466 est pars appetitus sensitivi, sed prout communius irascibilis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3467 accipitur, ut dictum est.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3468 <p title="II-II q. 162 a. 3 ad 4"><a name="45541"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3469 "ref">[45541] IIª-IIae, q. 162 a. 3 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3470 dicendum quod, sicut Augustinus dicit, XIV de Civ. Dei, amor
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3471 praecedit omnes alias animi affectiones, et est causa earum. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3472 ideo potest poni pro qualibet aliarum affectionum. Et secundum hoc,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3473 superbia dicitur esse amor propriae excellentiae, inquantum ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3474 amore causatur inordinata praesumptio alios superandi, quod proprie
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3475 pertinet ad superbiam.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3476 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3477 <div class="E">Articulus 4</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3478 <p title="II-II q. 162 a. 4 arg. 1"><a name="45542"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3479 "ref">[45542] IIª-IIae, q. 162 a. 4 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3480 quartum sic proceditur. Videtur quod inconvenienter assignentur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3481 quatuor superbiae species quas Gregorius assignat, XXIII Moral.,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3482 dicens, <i>quatuor quippe sunt species quibus omnis tumor
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3483 arrogantium demonstratur, cum bonum aut a semetipsis habere se
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3484 aestimant; aut, si sibi datum desuper credunt, pro suis hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3485 accepisse meritis putant; aut cum iactant se habere quod non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3486 habent; aut, despectis ceteris, singulariter videri appetunt habere
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3487 quod habent</i>. Superbia enim est vitium distinctum ab
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3488 infidelitate, sicut etiam humilitas est virtus distincta a fide.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3489 Sed quod aliquis existimet bonum se non habere a Deo, vel quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3490 bonum gratiae habeat ex meritis propriis, ad infidelitatem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3491 pertinet. Ergo non debent poni species superbiae.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3492 <p title="II-II q. 162 a. 4 arg. 2"><a name="45543"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3493 "ref">[45543] IIª-IIae, q. 162 a. 4 arg. 2</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3494 Praeterea, idem non debet poni species diversorum generum. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3495 iactantia ponitur species mendacii, ut supra habitum est. Non ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3496 debet poni species superbiae.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3497 <p title="II-II q. 162 a. 4 arg. 3"><a name="45544"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3498 "ref">[45544] IIª-IIae, q. 162 a. 4 arg. 3</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3499 Praeterea, quaedam alia videntur ad superbiam pertinere quae hic
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3500 non connumerantur. Dicit enim Hieronymus quod <i>nihil est tam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3501 superbum quam ingratum videri</i>. Et Augustinus dicit, XIV de Civ.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3502 Dei, quod excusare se de peccato commisso ad superbiam pertinet.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3503 Praesumptio etiam, qua quis tendit ad assequendum aliquid quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3504 supra se est, maxime ad superbiam pertinere videtur. Non ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3505 sufficienter praedicta divisio comprehendit superbiae species.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3506 <p title="II-II q. 162 a. 4 arg. 4"><a name="45545"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3507 "ref">[45545] IIª-IIae, q. 162 a. 4 arg. 4</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3508 Praeterea, inveniuntur aliae divisiones superbiae. Dividit enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3509 Anselmus exaltationem superbiae, dicens quod quaedam est in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3510 voluntate, quaedam in sermone, quaedam in operatione. Bernardus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3511 etiam ponit duodecim gradus superbiae, qui sunt, <i>curiositas,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3512 mentis levitas, inepta laetitia, iactantia, singularitas,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3513 arrogantia, praesumptio, defensio peccatorum, simulata confessio,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3514 rebellio, libertas, peccandi consuetudo</i>. Quae non videntur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3515 comprehendi sub speciebus a Gregorio assignatis. Ergo videtur quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3516 inconvenienter assignentur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3517 <p title="II-II q. 162 a. 4 s. c."><a name="45546"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3518 "ref">[45546] IIª-IIae, q. 162 a. 4 s. c.</span></a> In
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3519 contrarium sufficiat auctoritas Gregorii.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3520 <p title="II-II q. 162 a. 4 co."><a name="45547"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3521 "ref">[45547] IIª-IIae, q. 162 a. 4 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3522 dicendum quod, sicut dictum est, superbia importat immoderatum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3523 excellentiae appetitum, qui scilicet non est secundum rationem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3524 rectam. Est autem considerandum quod quaelibet excellentia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3525 consequitur aliquod bonum habitum. Quod quidem potest considerari
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3526 tripliciter. Uno modo, secundum se. Manifestum est enim quod quanto
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3527 maius est bonum quod quis habet, tanto per hoc maiorem excellentiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3528 consequitur. Et ideo cum aliquis attribuit sibi maius bonum quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3529 habeat, consequens est quod eius appetitus tendit in excellentiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3530 propriam ultra modum sibi convenientem. Et sic est tertia superbiae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3531 species, cum scilicet aliquis iactat se habere quod non habet. Alio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3532 modo, ex parte causae, prout excellentius est quod aliquod bonum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3533 insit alicui a seipso, quam quod insit ei ab alio. Et ideo cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3534 aliquis aestimat bonum quod habet ab alio, ac si haberet a seipso,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3535 fertur per consequens appetitus eius in propriam excellentiam supra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3536 suum modum. Est autem dupliciter aliquis causa sui boni, uno modo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3537 efficienter; alio modo, meritorie. Et secundum hoc sumuntur duae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3538 primae superbiae species, scilicet, cum quis a semetipso habere
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3539 aestimat quod a Deo habet; vel, cum propriis meritis sibi datum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3540 desuper credit. Tertio modo, ex parte modi habendi, prout
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3541 excellentior aliquis redditur ex hoc quod aliquod bonum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3542 excellentius ceteris possidet. Unde et ex hoc etiam fertur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3543 inordinate appetitus in propriam excellentiam. Et secundum hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3544 sumitur quarta species superbiae, quae est cum aliquis, despectis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3545 ceteris, singulariter vult videri.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3546 <p title="II-II q. 162 a. 4 ad 1"><a name="45548"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3547 "ref">[45548] IIª-IIae, q. 162 a. 4 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3548 ergo dicendum quod vera existimatio potest corrumpi dupliciter. Uno
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3549 modo, in universali. Et sic, in his quae ad finem pertinent,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3550 corrumpitur vera existimatio per infidelitatem. Alio modo, in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3551 aliquo particulari eligibili. Et hoc non facit infidelitatem. Sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3552 ille qui fornicatur, aestimat pro tempore illo bonum esse sibi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3553 fornicari, nec tamen est infidelis, sicut esset si in universali
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3554 diceret fornicationem esse bonam. Et ita etiam est in proposito.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3555 Nam dicere in universali aliquod bonum esse quod non est a Deo, vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3556 gratiam hominibus pro meritis dari, pertinet ad infidelitatem. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3557 quod aliquis, ex inordinato appetitu propriae excellentiae, ita de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3558 bonis suis glorietur ac si ea a se haberet vel ex meritis propriis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3559 pertinet ad superbiam, et non ad infidelitatem, proprie
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3560 loquendo.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3561 <p title="II-II q. 162 a. 4 ad 2"><a name="45549"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3562 "ref">[45549] IIª-IIae, q. 162 a. 4 ad 2</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3563 secundum dicendum quod iactantia ponitur species mendacii quantum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3564 ad exteriorem actum, quo quis falso sibi attribuit quod non habet.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3565 Sed quantum ad interiorem cordis arrogantiam, ponitur a Gregorio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3566 species superbiae.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3567 <p title="II-II q. 162 a. 4 ad 3"><a name="45550"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3568 "ref">[45550] IIª-IIae, q. 162 a. 4 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3569 dicendum quod ingratus est qui sibi attribuit quod ab alio habet.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3570 Unde duae primae superbiae species ad ingratitudinem pertinent.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3571 Quod autem aliquis se excuset de peccato quod habet, pertinet ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3572 tertiam speciem, quia per hoc aliquis sibi attribuit bonum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3573 innocentiae, quod non habet. Quod autem aliquis praesumptuose
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3574 tendit in id quod supra ipsum est, praecipue videtur ad quartam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3575 speciem pertinere, secundum quam aliquis vult aliis praeferri.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3576 <p title="II-II q. 162 a. 4 ad 4"><a name="45551"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3577 "ref">[45551] IIª-IIae, q. 162 a. 4 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3578 dicendum quod illa tria quae ponit Anselmus, accipiuntur secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3579 progressum peccati cuiuslibet, quod primo, corde concipitur;
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3580 secundo, ore profertur; tertio, opere perficitur. Illa autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3581 duodecim quae ponit Bernardus, sumuntur per oppositum ad duodecim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3582 gradus humilitatis, de quibus supra habitum est. Nam primus gradus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3583 humilitatis est, corde et corpore semper humilitatem ostendere,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3584 defixis in terram aspectibus. Cui opponitur curiositas, per quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3585 aliquis curiose ubique et inordinate circumspicit. Secundus gradus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3586 humilitatis est, ut pauca verba et rationabilia loquatur aliquis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3587 non clamosa voce. Contra quem opponitur levitas mentis, per quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3588 scilicet homo superbe se habet in verbo. Tertius gradus humilitatis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3589 est, ut non sit facilis aut promptus in risu. Cui opponitur inepta
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3590 laetitia. Quartus gradus humilitatis est taciturnitas usque ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3591 interrogationem. Cui opponitur iactantia. Quintus gradus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3592 humilitatis est, tenere quod communis regula monasterii habet. Cui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3593 opponitur singularitas, per quam scilicet aliquis sanctior vult
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3594 apparere. Sextus gradus humilitatis est, credere et pronuntiare se
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3595 omnibus viliorem. Cui opponitur arrogantia, per quam scilicet homo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3596 se aliis praefert. Septimus gradus humilitatis est, ad omnia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3597 inutilem et indignum se confiteri et credere. Cui opponitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3598 praesumptio, per quam scilicet aliquis reputat se sufficientem ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3599 maiora. Octavus gradus humilitatis est confessio peccatorum. Cui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3600 opponitur defensio peccatorum. Nonus gradus est, in duris et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3601 asperis patientiam amplecti. Cui opponitur simulata confessio, per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3602 quam scilicet aliquis non vult subire poenam pro peccatis, quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3603 simulate confitetur. Decimus gradus humilitatis est obedientia. Cui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3604 opponitur rebellio. Undecimus autem gradus est, ut homo non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3605 delectetur facere propriam voluntatem. Cui opponitur libertas, per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3606 quam scilicet homo delectatur libere facere quod vult. Ultimus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3607 autem gradus humilitatis est timor Dei. Cui opponitur peccandi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3608 consuetudo, quae implicat Dei contemptum. In his autem duodecim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3609 gradibus tanguntur non solum superbiae species, sed etiam quaedam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3610 antecedentia et consequentia, sicut etiam supra de humilitate
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3611 dictum est.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3612 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3613 <div class="E">Articulus 5</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3614 <p title="II-II q. 162 a. 5 arg. 1"><a name="45552"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3615 "ref">[45552] IIª-IIae, q. 162 a. 5 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3616 quintum sic proceditur. Videtur quod superbia non sit peccatum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3617 mortale. Quia super illud Psalmi, <i>domine Deus meus si feci
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3618 istud</i>, dicit Glossa, scilicet universale peccatum, quod est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3619 superbia. Si igitur superbia esset peccatum mortale, omne peccatum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3620 esset mortale.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3621 <p title="II-II q. 162 a. 5 arg. 2"><a name="45553"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3622 "ref">[45553] IIª-IIae, q. 162 a. 5 arg. 2</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3623 Praeterea, omne peccatum contrariatur caritati. Sed peccatum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3624 superbiae non videtur contrariari caritati, neque quantum ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3625 dilectionem Dei, neque quantum ad dilectionem proximi, quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3626 excellentia quam quis inordinate per superbiam appetit, non semper
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3627 contrariatur honori Dei aut utilitati proximi. Ergo superbia non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3628 est peccatum mortale.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3629 <p title="II-II q. 162 a. 5 arg. 3"><a name="45554"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3630 "ref">[45554] IIª-IIae, q. 162 a. 5 arg. 3</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3631 Praeterea, omne peccatum mortale contrariatur virtuti. Sed superbia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3632 non contrariatur virtuti, sed potius ex ea oritur, quia, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3633 Gregorius dicit, XXXIV Moral., <i>aliquando homo ex summis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3634 caelestibusque virtutibus intumescit</i>. Ergo superbia non est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3635 peccatum mortale.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3636 <p title="II-II q. 162 a. 5 s. c."><a name="45555"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3637 "ref">[45555] IIª-IIae, q. 162 a. 5 s. c.</span></a> Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3638 contra est quod Gregorius, in eodem libro, dicit quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3639 <i>evidentissimum reproborum signum superbia est, at contra,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3640 humilitas electorum</i>. Sed homines non fiunt reprobi pro peccatis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3641 venialibus. Ergo superbia non est peccatum veniale, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3642 mortale.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3643 <p title="II-II q. 162 a. 5 co."><a name="45556"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3644 "ref">[45556] IIª-IIae, q. 162 a. 5 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3645 dicendum quod superbia humilitati opponitur. Humilitas autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3646 proprie respicit subiectionem hominis ad Deum, ut supra dictum est.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3647 Unde e contrario superbia proprie respicit defectum huius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3648 subiectionis, secundum scilicet quod aliquis se extollit supra id
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3649 quod est sibi praefixum secundum divinam regulam vel mensuram;
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3650 contra id quod apostolus dicit, <i>nos autem non in immensum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3651 gloriamur, sed secundum mensuram qua mensus est nobis Deus</i>. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3652 ideo dicitur Eccli. X, quod <i>initium superbiae hominis est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3653 apostatare a Deo</i>, scilicet, in hoc radix superbiae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3654 consideratur, quod homo aliqualiter non subditur Deo et regulae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3655 ipsius. Manifestum est autem quod hoc ipsum quod est non subiici
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3656 Deo, habet rationem peccati mortalis, hoc enim est averti a Deo.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3657 Unde consequens est quod superbia, secundum suum genus, sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3658 peccatum mortale. Sicut tamen in aliis quae ex suo genere sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3659 peccata mortalia, puta in fornicatione et adulterio, sunt aliqui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3660 motus qui sunt peccata venialia propter eorum imperfectionem, quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3661 scilicet praeveniunt rationis iudicium et sunt praeter eius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3662 consensum; ita etiam et circa superbiam accidit quod aliqui motus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3663 superbiae sunt peccata venialia, dum eis ratio non consentit.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3664 <p title="II-II q. 162 a. 5 ad 1"><a name="45557"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3665 "ref">[45557] IIª-IIae, q. 162 a. 5 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3666 ergo dicendum quod, sicut supra dictum est, superbia non est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3667 universale peccatum secundum suam essentiam, sed per quandam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3668 redundantiam, inquantum scilicet ex superbia omnia peccata oriri
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3669 possunt. Unde non sequitur quod omnia peccata sint mortalia, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3670 solum quando oriuntur ex superbia completa, quam diximus esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3671 peccatum mortale.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3672 <p title="II-II q. 162 a. 5 ad 2"><a name="45558"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3673 "ref">[45558] IIª-IIae, q. 162 a. 5 ad 2</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3674 secundum dicendum quod superbia semper quidem contrariatur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3675 dilectioni divinae, inquantum scilicet superbus non se subiicit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3676 divinae regulae prout debet. Et quandoque etiam contrariatur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3677 dilectioni proximi, inquantum scilicet aliquis inordinate se
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3678 praefert proximo, aut ab eius subiectione se subtrahit. In quo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3679 etiam derogatur divinae regulae, ex qua sunt hominum ordines
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3680 instituti, prout scilicet unus eorum sub alio esse debet.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3681 <p title="II-II q. 162 a. 5 ad 3"><a name="45559"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3682 "ref">[45559] IIª-IIae, q. 162 a. 5 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3683 dicendum quod superbia non oritur ex virtutibus sicut ex causa per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3684 se, sed sicut ex causa per accidens, inquantum scilicet aliquis ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3685 virtutibus occasiones superbiae sumit. Nihil autem prohibet quin
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3686 unum contrariorum sit alterius causa per accidens, ut dicitur in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3687 VIII Physic. Unde etiam et de ipsa humilitate aliqui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3688 superbiunt.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3689 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3690 <div class="E">Articulus 6</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3691 <p title="II-II q. 162 a. 6 arg. 1"><a name="45560"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3692 "ref">[45560] IIª-IIae, q. 162 a. 6 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3693 sextum sic proceditur. Videtur quod superbia non sit gravissimum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3694 peccatorum. Quanto enim aliquod peccatum difficilius cavetur, tanto
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3695 videtur esse levius. Sed superbia difficillime cavetur, quia sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3696 Augustinus dicit, in regula, <i>cetera peccata in malis operibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3697 exercentur, ut fiant, superbia vero bonis operibus insidiatur, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3698 pereant</i>. Ergo superbia non est gravissimum peccatum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3699 <p title="II-II q. 162 a. 6 arg. 2"><a name="45561"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3700 "ref">[45561] IIª-IIae, q. 162 a. 6 arg. 2</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3701 <i>Praeterea, maius malum maiori bono opponitur</i>, ut philosophus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3702 dicit, in VIII Ethic. Sed humilitas, cui opponitur superbia, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3703 est maxima virtutum, ut supra habitum est. Ergo et vitia quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3704 opponuntur maioribus virtutibus, puta infidelitas, desperatio,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3705 odium Dei, homicidium, et alia huiusmodi, sunt graviora peccata
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3706 quam superbia.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3707 <p title="II-II q. 162 a. 6 arg. 3"><a name="45562"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3708 "ref">[45562] IIª-IIae, q. 162 a. 6 arg. 3</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3709 Praeterea, maius malum non punitur per minus malum. Sed superbia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3710 interdum punitur per alia peccata, ut patet Rom. I, ubi dicitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3711 quod philosophi propter elationem cordis <i>traditi sunt in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3712 reprobum sensum, ut faciant quae non conveniunt</i>. Ergo superbia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3713 non est gravissimum peccatorum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3714 <p title="II-II q. 162 a. 6 s. c."><a name="45563"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3715 "ref">[45563] IIª-IIae, q. 162 a. 6 s. c.</span></a> Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3716 contra est quod super illud Psalmi, <i>superbi inique agebant
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3717 usquequaque</i>, dicit Glossa, <i>maximum peccatum in homine est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3718 superbia</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3719 <p title="II-II q. 162 a. 6 co."><a name="45564"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3720 "ref">[45564] IIª-IIae, q. 162 a. 6 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3721 dicendum quod in peccato duo attenduntur, scilicet conversio ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3722 commutabile bonum, quae materialiter se habet in peccato; et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3723 aversio a bono incommutabili, quae est formalis et completiva
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3724 peccati. Ex parte autem conversionis, non habet superbia quod sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3725 maximum peccatorum, quia celsitudo, quam superbus inordinate
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3726 appetit, secundum suam rationem non habet maximam repugnantiam ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3727 bonum virtutis. Sed ex parte aversionis, superbia habet maximam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3728 gravitatem, quia in aliis peccatis homo a Deo avertitur vel propter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3729 ignorantiam, vel propter infirmitatem, sive propter desiderium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3730 cuiuscumque alterius boni; sed superbia habet aversionem a Deo ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3731 hoc ipso quod non vult Deo et eius regulae subiici. Unde Boetius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3732 dicit quod, <i>cum omnia vitia fugiant a Deo, sola superbia se Deo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3733 opponit</i>. Propter quod etiam specialiter dicitur Iac. IV, quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3734 <i>Deus superbis resistit</i>. Et ideo averti a Deo et eius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3735 praeceptis, quod est quasi consequens in aliis peccatis, per se ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3736 superbiam pertinet, cuius actus est Dei contemptus. Et quia id quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3737 est per se, semper est potius eo quod est per aliud, consequens est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3738 quod superbia sit gravissimum peccatorum secundum suum genus, quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3739 excedit in aversione, quae formaliter complet peccatum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3740 <p title="II-II q. 162 a. 6 ad 1"><a name="45565"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3741 "ref">[45565] IIª-IIae, q. 162 a. 6 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3742 ergo dicendum quod aliquod peccatum difficile cavetur dupliciter.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3743 Uno modo, propter vehementiam impugnationis, sicut ira vehementer
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3744 impugnat propter suum impetum. Et adhuc difficilius est resistere
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3745 concupiscentiae, propter eius connaturalitatem, ut dicitur in II
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3746 Ethic. Et talis difficultas vitandi peccatum gravitatem peccati
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3747 diminuit, quia quanto aliquis minoris tentationis impetu cadit,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3748 tanto gravius peccat, ut Augustinus dicit. Alio modo difficile est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3749 vitare aliquod peccatum propter eius latentiam. Et hoc modo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3750 superbiam difficile est vitare, quia etiam ex ipsis bonis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3751 occasionem sumit, ut dictum est. Et ideo signanter Augustinus dicit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3752 quod bonis operibus insidiatur et in Psalmo dicitur, <i>in via hac
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3753 qua ambulabam, absconderunt superbi laqueum mihi</i>. Et ideo motus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3754 superbiae occulte subrepens non habet maximam gravitatem, antequam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3755 per iudicium rationis deprehendatur. Sed postquam deprehensus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3756 fuerit per rationem, tunc facile evitatur. Tum ex consideratione
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3757 propriae infirmitatis, secundum illud Eccli. X, quid superbit terra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3758 et cinis? Tum etiam ex consideratione magnitudinis divinae,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3759 secundum illud Iob XV, quid tumet contra Deum spiritus tuus? Tum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3760 etiam ex imperfectione bonorum de quibus homo superbit, secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3761 illud Isaiae XL, <i>omnis caro faenum, et omnis gloria eius quasi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3762 flos agri</i>; et infra, LXIV, <i>quasi pannus menstruatae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3763 universae iustitiae nostrae</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3764 <p title="II-II q. 162 a. 6 ad 2"><a name="45566"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3765 "ref">[45566] IIª-IIae, q. 162 a. 6 ad 2</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3766 secundum dicendum quod oppositio vitii ad virtutem attenditur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3767 secundum obiectum, quod consideratur ex parte conversionis. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3768 secundum hoc superbia non habet quod sit maximum peccatorum, sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3769 nec humilitas quod sit maxima virtutum. Sed ex parte aversionis est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3770 maximum, utpote aliis peccatis magnitudinem praestans. Nam per hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3771 ipsum infidelitatis peccatum gravius redditur, si ex superbiae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3772 contemptu procedat, quam si ex ignorantia vel infirmitate
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3773 proveniat. Et idem dicendum est de desperatione et aliis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3774 huiusmodi.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3775 <p title="II-II q. 162 a. 6 ad 3"><a name="45567"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3776 "ref">[45567] IIª-IIae, q. 162 a. 6 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3777 dicendum quod, sicut in syllogismis ducentibus ad impossibile
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3778 quandoque aliquis convincitur per hoc quod ducitur ad inconveniens
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3779 magis manifestum; ita etiam, ad convincendum superbiam hominum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3780 Deus aliquos punit permittens eos ruere in peccata carnalia, quae,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3781 etsi sint minora, tamen manifestiorem turpitudinem continent. Unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3782 Isidorus dicit, in libro de summo bono, <i>omni vitio deteriorem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3783 esse superbiam, seu propter quod a summis personis et primis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3784 assumitur; seu quod de opere iustitiae et virtutis exoritur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3785 minusque culpa eius sentitur. Luxuria vero carnis ideo notabilis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3786 omnibus est, quoniam statim per se turpis est. Et tamen,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3787 dispensante Deo, superbia minor est, sed qui detinetur superbia et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3788 non sentit, labitur in carnis luxuriam, ut per hanc humiliatus, a
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3789 confusione exurgat</i>. Ex quo etiam patet gravitas peccati
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3790 superbiae. Sicut enim medicus sapiens in remedium maioris morbi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3791 patitur infirmum in leviorem morbum incidere, ita etiam peccatum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3792 superbiae gravius esse ostenditur ex hoc ipso quod pro eius remedio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3793 Deus permittit ruere hominem in alia peccata.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3794 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3795 <div class="E">Articulus 7</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3796 <p title="II-II q. 162 a. 7 arg. 1"><a name="45568"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3797 "ref">[45568] IIª-IIae, q. 162 a. 7 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3798 septimum sic proceditur. Videtur quod superbia non sit primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3799 omnium peccatorum. Primum enim salvatur in omnibus consequentibus.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3800 Sed non omnia peccata sunt cum superbia, nec oriuntur ex superbia,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3801 dicit enim Augustinus, in libro de Nat. et gratia, quod <i>multa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3802 perperam fiunt quae non fiunt superbe</i>. Ergo superbia non est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3803 primum omnium peccatorum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3804 <p title="II-II q. 162 a. 7 arg. 2"><a name="45569"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3805 "ref">[45569] IIª-IIae, q. 162 a. 7 arg. 2</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3806 Praeterea, Eccli. X dicitur quod <i>initium superbiae est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3807 apostatare a Deo</i>. Ergo apostasia a Deo est prius quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3808 superbia.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3809 <p title="II-II q. 162 a. 7 arg. 3"><a name="45570"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3810 "ref">[45570] IIª-IIae, q. 162 a. 7 arg. 3</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3811 Praeterea, ordo peccatorum esse videtur secundum ordinem virtutum.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3812 Sed humilitas non est prima virtutum, sed magis fides. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3813 superbia non est primum peccatorum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3814 <p title="II-II q. 162 a. 7 arg. 4"><a name="45571"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3815 "ref">[45571] IIª-IIae, q. 162 a. 7 arg. 4</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3816 Praeterea, II ad Tim. III, dicitur, <i>mali homines et seductores
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3817 proficiunt in peius</i>, et ita videtur quod principium malitiae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3818 hominis non sit a maximo peccatorum. Sed superbia est maximum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3819 peccatorum, ut dictum est. Non est igitur primum peccatum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3820 <p title="II-II q. 162 a. 7 arg. 5"><a name="45572"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3821 "ref">[45572] IIª-IIae, q. 162 a. 7 arg. 5</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3822 Praeterea, id quod est secundum apparentiam et fictionem, est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3823 posterius eo quod est secundum veritatem. Sed philosophus dicit, in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3824 III Ethic., quod <i>superbus est fictor fortitudinis et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3825 audaciae</i>. Ergo vitium audaciae est prius vitio superbiae.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3826 <p title="II-II q. 162 a. 7 s. c."><a name="45573"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3827 "ref">[45573] IIª-IIae, q. 162 a. 7 s. c.</span></a> Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3828 contra est quod dicitur Eccli. X, <i>initium omnis peccati
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3829 superbia</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3830 <p title="II-II q. 162 a. 7 co."><a name="45574"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3831 "ref">[45574] IIª-IIae, q. 162 a. 7 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3832 dicendum quod illud quod est per se, est primum in quolibet genere.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3833 Dictum est autem supra quod aversio a Deo, quae formaliter complet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3834 rationem peccati, pertinet ad superbiam per se, ad alia autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3835 peccata ex consequenti. Et inde est quod superbia habet rationem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3836 primi; et est etiam principium omnium peccatorum, ut supra dictum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3837 est, cum de causis peccati ageretur, ex parte aversionis, quae est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3838 principalior in peccato.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3839 <p title="II-II q. 162 a. 7 ad 1"><a name="45575"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3840 "ref">[45575] IIª-IIae, q. 162 a. 7 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3841 ergo dicendum quod superbia dicitur esse omnis peccati initium, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3842 quia quodlibet peccatum singulariter ex superbia oriatur, sed quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3843 quodlibet genus peccati natum est ex superbia oriri.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3844 <p title="II-II q. 162 a. 7 ad 2"><a name="45576"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3845 "ref">[45576] IIª-IIae, q. 162 a. 7 ad 2</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3846 secundum dicendum quod apostatare a Deo dicitur esse superbiae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3847 humanae initium, non quasi aliquod aliud peccatum a superbia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3848 existens, sed quia est prima superbiae pars. Dictum est enim quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3849 superbia principaliter respicit subiectionem divinam, quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3850 contemnit, ex consequenti autem contemnit subiici creaturae propter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3851 Deum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3852 <p title="II-II q. 162 a. 7 ad 3"><a name="45577"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3853 "ref">[45577] IIª-IIae, q. 162 a. 7 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3854 dicendum quod non oportet esse eundem ordinem virtutum et vitiorum.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3855 Nam vitium est corruptivum virtutis. Id autem quod est primum in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3856 generatione, est postremum in corruptione. Et ideo, sicut fides est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3857 prima virtutum, ita infidelitas est ultimum peccatorum, ad quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3858 homo quandoque per alia peccata perducitur. Super illud Psalmi,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3859 <i>exinanite, exinanite usque ad fundamentum in ea</i>, dicit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3860 Glossa quod <i>coacervatione vitiorum subrepit diffidentia</i>. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3861 apostolus dicit, I ad Tim. I, quod <i>quidam, repellentes
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3862 conscientiam bonam, circa fidem naufragaverunt</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3863 <p title="II-II q. 162 a. 7 ad 4"><a name="45578"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3864 "ref">[45578] IIª-IIae, q. 162 a. 7 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3865 dicendum quod superbia dicitur esse gravissimum peccatum ex eo quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3866 per se competit peccato, ex quo attenditur gravitas in peccato. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3867 ideo superbia causat gravitatem aliorum peccatorum. Contingit ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3868 ante superbiam esse aliqua peccata leviora, quae scilicet ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3869 ignorantia vel infirmitate committuntur. Sed inter gravia peccata
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3870 primum est superbia, sicut causa per quam alia peccata aggravantur.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3871 Et quia id quod est primum in causando, est etiam ultimum in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3872 recedendo; ideo super illud Psalmi, <i>emundabor a delicto
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3873 maximo</i>, dicit Glossa, <i>hoc est, a delicto superbiae, quod est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3874 ultimum redeuntibus ad Deum, et primum recedentibus</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3875 <p title="II-II q. 162 a. 7 ad 5"><a name="45579"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3876 "ref">[45579] IIª-IIae, q. 162 a. 7 ad 5</span></a> Ad quintum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3877 dicendum quod philosophus ponit superbiam circa fictionem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3878 fortitudinis, non quia solum in hoc consistat, sed quia per hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3879 homo maxime reputat se posse excellentiam apud homines consequi, si
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3880 audax vel fortis videatur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3881 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3882 <div class="E">Articulus 8</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3883 <p title="II-II q. 162 a. 8 arg. 1"><a name="45580"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3884 "ref">[45580] IIª-IIae, q. 162 a. 8 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3885 octavum sic proceditur. Videtur quod superbia debeat poni vitium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3886 capitale. Isidorus enim, et etiam Cassianus, enumerant superbiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3887 inter vitia capitalia.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3888 <p title="II-II q. 162 a. 8 arg. 2"><a name="45581"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3889 "ref">[45581] IIª-IIae, q. 162 a. 8 arg. 2</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3890 Praeterea, superbia videtur esse idem inani gloriae, quia utraque
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3891 excellentiam quaerit. Sed inanis gloria ponitur vitium capitale.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3892 Ergo etiam superbia debet poni vitium capitale.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3893 <p title="II-II q. 162 a. 8 arg. 3"><a name="45582"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3894 "ref">[45582] IIª-IIae, q. 162 a. 8 arg. 3</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3895 Praeterea, Augustinus dicit, in libro de Virginit., quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3896 <i>superbia invidiam parit, nec unquam est sine tali comite</i>.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3897 Sed invidia ponitur vitium capitale, ut supra habitum est. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3898 multo magis superbia.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3899 <p title="II-II q. 162 a. 8 s. c."><a name="45583"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3900 "ref">[45583] IIª-IIae, q. 162 a. 8 s. c.</span></a> Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3901 contra est quod Gregorius, XXXI Moral., non enumerat superbiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3902 inter vitia capitalia.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3903 <p title="II-II q. 162 a. 8 co."><a name="45584"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3904 "ref">[45584] IIª-IIae, q. 162 a. 8 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3905 dicendum quod, sicut ex supra dictis patet, superbia dupliciter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3906 considerari potest, uno modo, secundum se, prout scilicet est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3907 quoddam speciale peccatum; alio modo, secundum quod habet quandam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3908 universalem influentiam in omnia peccata. Vitia autem capitalia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3909 ponuntur esse quaedam specialia peccata, ex quibus multa genera
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3910 peccatorum oriuntur. Et ideo quidam, considerantes superbiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3911 secundum quod est quoddam speciale peccatum, connumeraverunt eam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3912 aliis vitiis capitalibus. Gregorius vero, considerans universalem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3913 eius influentiam quam habet in omnia vitia, ut dictum est, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3914 connumeravit eam aliis capitalibus vitiis, sed posuit eam reginam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3915 omnium vitiorum et matrem. Unde Gregorius dicit, in XXXI Moral.,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3916 <i>ipsa vitiorum regina superbia, cum devictum plene cor ceperit,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3917 mox illud septem principalibus vitiis, quasi quibusdam suis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3918 ducibus, devastandum tradit, ex quibus vitiorum multitudines
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3919 oriuntur</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3920 <p title="II-II q. 162 a. 8 ad 1"><a name="45585"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3921 "ref">[45585] IIª-IIae, q. 162 a. 8 ad 1</span></a> Et per hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3922 patet responsio ad primum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3923 <p title="II-II q. 162 a. 8 ad 2"><a name="45586"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3924 "ref">[45586] IIª-IIae, q. 162 a. 8 ad 2</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3925 secundum dicendum quod superbia non est idem inani gloriae, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3926 causa eius. Nam superbia inordinate excellentiam appetit, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3927 inanis gloria appetit excellentiae manifestationem.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3928 <p title="II-II q. 162 a. 8 ad 3"><a name="45587"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3929 "ref">[45587] IIª-IIae, q. 162 a. 8 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3930 dicendum quod ex hoc quod invidia, quae est vitium capitale, oritur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3931 ex superbia, non sequitur quod superbia sit vitium capitale, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3932 quod sit aliquid principalius capitalibus vitiis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3933 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3934 <div class="D">Quaestio 163</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3935 <div class="G">Prooemium</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3936 <p title="II-II q. 163 pr."><a name="45588"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3937 "ref">[45588] IIª-IIae, q. 163 pr.</span></a> Deinde
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3938 considerandum est de peccato primi hominis, quod fuit per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3939 superbiam. Et primo, de peccato eius; secundo, de poena peccati;
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3940 tertio, de tentatione qua inductus est ad peccandum. Circa primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3941 quaeruntur quatuor. Primo, utrum primum peccatum hominis fuerit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3942 superbia. Secundo, quid primus homo peccando appetierit. Tertio,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3943 utrum eius peccatum fuerit gravius omnibus aliis peccatis. Quarto,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3944 quis plus peccaverit, utrum vir vel mulier.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3945 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3946 <div class="E">Articulus 1</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3947 <p title="II-II q. 163 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="45589"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3948 "ref">[45589] IIª-IIae, q. 163 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3949 primum sic proceditur. Videtur quod superbia non fuerit primi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3950 hominis peccatum. Dicit enim apostolus, Rom. V, quod <i>per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3951 inobedientiam unius hominis peccatores constituti sunt multi</i>.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3952 Sed primi hominis peccatum est ex quo omnes peccatores constituti
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3953 sunt originali peccato. Ergo inobedientia fuit primi hominis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3954 peccatum, et non superbia.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3955 <p title="II-II q. 163 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="45590"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3956 "ref">[45590] IIª-IIae, q. 163 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3957 Praeterea, Ambrosius dicit, super Luc., quod eo ordine Diabolus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3958 Christum tentavit quo primum hominem deiecit. Sed Christus primo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3959 tentatus est de gula, ut patet Matth. IV, cum ei dictum est, <i>si
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3960 filius Dei es, dic ut lapides isti panes fiant</i>. Ergo primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3961 peccatum primi hominis non fuit superbia, sed gula.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3962 <p title="II-II q. 163 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="45591"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3963 "ref">[45591] IIª-IIae, q. 163 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3964 Praeterea, homo Diabolo suggerente peccavit. Sed Diabolus tentans
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3965 hominem scientiam repromisit, ut patet Gen. III. Ergo prima
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3966 inordinatio hominis fuit per appetitum scientiae, quod pertinet ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3967 curiositatem. Ergo curiositas fuit peccatum primum, et non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3968 superbia.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3969 <p title="II-II q. 163 a. 1 arg. 4"><a name="45592"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3970 "ref">[45592] IIª-IIae, q. 163 a. 1 arg. 4</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3971 Praeterea, super illud I ad Tim. II, <i>mulier seducta in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3972 praevaricatione fuit</i>, dicit Glossa, <i>hanc seductionem proprie
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3973 appellavit apostolus, per quam id quod suadebatur, cum falsum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3974 esset, verum putatum est, scilicet quod Deus lignum illud ideo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3975 tangere prohibuerit, quod sciebat eos, si tetigissent, velut deos
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3976 futuros; tanquam eis divinitatem invideret qui eos homines
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3977 fecerat</i>. Sed hoc credere pertinet ad infidelitatem. Ergo primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3978 peccatum hominis fuit infidelitas, et non superbia.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3979 <p title="II-II q. 163 a. 1 s. c."><a name="45593"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3980 "ref">[45593] IIª-IIae, q. 163 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3981 contra est quod dicitur Eccli. X, <i>initium omnis peccati
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3982 superbia</i>. Sed peccatum primi hominis est initium omnis peccati,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3983 secundum illud Rom. V, <i>per unum hominem peccatum in hunc mundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3984 intravit</i>. Ergo primum peccatum hominis fuit superbia.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3985 <p title="II-II q. 163 a. 1 co."><a name="45594"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3986 "ref">[45594] IIª-IIae, q. 163 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3987 dicendum quod ad unum peccatum multi motus concurrere possunt,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3988 inter quos ille habet rationem primi peccati in quo primo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3989 inordinatio invenitur. Manifestum est autem quod primo invenitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3990 inordinatio in motu interiori animae quam in actu exteriori
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3991 corporis, quia, ut Augustinus dicit, in I de Civ. Dei, <i>non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3992 amittitur corporis sanctitas manente animae sanctitate</i>. Inter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3993 motus autem interiores, prius movetur appetitus in finem quam in id
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3994 quod quaeritur propter finem. Et ideo ibi fuit primum peccatum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3995 hominis ubi potuit esse primus appetitus inordinati finis. Sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3996 autem homo erat in statu innocentiae institutus ut nulla esset
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3997 rebellio carnis ad spiritum. Unde non potuit esse prima inordinatio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3998 appetitus humani ex hoc quod appetierit aliquod sensibile bonum, in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3999 quod carnis concupiscentia tendit praeter ordinem rationis.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4000 Relinquitur igitur quod prima inordinatio appetitus humani fuit ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4001 hoc quod aliquod bonum spirituale inordinate appetiit. Non autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4002 inordinate appetivisset, appetendo illud secundum suam mensuram ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4003 divina regula praestitutam. Unde relinquitur quod primum peccatum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4004 eius fuit in hoc quod appetiit quoddam spirituale bonum supra suam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4005 mensuram. Quod pertinet ad superbiam. Unde manifestum est quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4006 primum peccatum hominis fuit superbia.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4007 <p title="II-II q. 163 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="45595"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4008 "ref">[45595] IIª-IIae, q. 163 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4009 ergo dicendum quod hoc quod homo divino praecepto non obediret, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4010 fuit propter se ab eo volitum, quia hoc non posset contingere nisi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4011 praesupposita inordinatione voluntatis. Relinquitur ergo quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4012 voluerit propter aliquid aliud. Primum autem quod inordinate voluit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4013 fuit propria excellentia. Et ideo inobedientia in eo causata fuit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4014 ex superbia. Et hoc est quod Augustinus dicit, ad Orosium, quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4015 <i>homo elatus superbia, suasioni serpentis obediens, praecepta Dei
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4016 contempsit</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4017 <p title="II-II q. 163 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="45596"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4018 "ref">[45596] IIª-IIae, q. 163 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4019 secundum dicendum quod in peccato primorum parentum etiam gula
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4020 locum habuit, dicitur enim Gen. III, <i>vidit mulier quod lignum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4021 esset bonum ad vescendum, et pulchrum oculis, aspectuque
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4022 delectabile, et tulit de fructu eius, et comedit</i>. Non tamen
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4023 ipsa bonitas et pulchritudo cibi fuit primum motivum ad peccandum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4024 sed potius suasio serpentis, qui dixit, <i>aperientur oculi vestri,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4025 et eritis sicut dii</i>; quod appetendo, superbiam mulier incurrit.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4026 Et ideo peccatum gulae derivatum est ex peccato superbiae.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4027 <p title="II-II q. 163 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="45597"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4028 "ref">[45597] IIª-IIae, q. 163 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4029 dicendum quod appetitus scientiae causatus fuit in primis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4030 parentibus ex inordinato appetitu excellentiae. Unde et in verbis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4031 serpentis praemittitur, eritis sicut dii; et postea subditur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4032 scientes bonum et malum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4033 <p title="II-II q. 163 a. 1 ad 4"><a name="45598"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4034 "ref">[45598] IIª-IIae, q. 163 a. 1 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4035 dicendum quod, sicut Augustinus dicit, XI super Gen. ad Litt.,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4036 <i>verbis serpentis mulier non crederet a bona atque utili re
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4037 divinitus se fuisse prohibitos, nisi iam inesset menti amor ille
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4038 propriae potestatis, et quaedam de se superba praesumptio</i>. Quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4039 non est sic intelligendum quasi superbia praecesserit suasionem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4040 serpentis, sed quia statim post suasionem serpentis, invasit mentem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4041 eius elatio, ex qua consecutum est ut crederet verum esse quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4042 Daemon dicebat.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4043 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4044 <div class="E">Articulus 2</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4045 <p title="II-II q. 163 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="45599"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4046 "ref">[45599] IIª-IIae, q. 163 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4047 secundum sic proceditur. Videtur quod superbia primi hominis non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4048 fuerit in hoc quod appetierit divinam similitudinem. Nullus enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4049 peccat appetendo id quod sibi competit secundum suam naturam. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4050 similitudo Dei competit homini secundum suam naturam, dicitur enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4051 Gen. I, <i>faciamus hominem ad imaginem et similitudinem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4052 nostram</i>. Ergo non peccavit divinam similitudinem appetendo.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4053 <p title="II-II q. 163 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="45600"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4054 "ref">[45600] IIª-IIae, q. 163 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4055 Praeterea, in hoc videtur primus homo divinam similitudinem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4056 appetiisse, ut scientia boni et mali potiretur, hoc enim ei a
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4057 serpente suggerebatur, <i>eritis sicut dii, scientes bonum et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4058 malum</i>. Sed appetitus scientiae est homini naturalis, secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4059 illud philosophi, in principio Metaphys., <i>omnes homines natura
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4060 scire desiderant</i>. Ergo non peccavit appetendo divinam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4061 similitudinem.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4062 <p title="II-II q. 163 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="45601"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4063 "ref">[45601] IIª-IIae, q. 163 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4064 Praeterea, nullus sapiens eligit id quod est impossibile. Primus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4065 autem homo sapientia praeditus erat, secundum illud Eccli. XVII,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4066 <i>disciplina intellectus replevit illos</i>. Cum ergo omne
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4067 peccatum consistat in appetitu deliberato, qui est electio, videtur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4068 quod primus homo non peccaverit appetendo aliquid impossibile. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4069 impossibile est esse hominem similem Deo, secundum illud Exodi XV,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4070 <i>quis similis tui in fortibus, domine?</i> Ergo primus homo non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4071 peccavit appetendo divinam similitudinem.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4072 <p title="II-II q. 163 a. 2 s. c."><a name="45602"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4073 "ref">[45602] IIª-IIae, q. 163 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4074 contra est quod super illud Psalmi, <i>quae non rapui, tunc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4075 exsolvebam</i>, dicit Augustinus, <i>Adam et Eva rapere voluerunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4076 divinitatem, et perdiderunt felicitatem</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4077 <p title="II-II q. 163 a. 2 co."><a name="45603"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4078 "ref">[45603] IIª-IIae, q. 163 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4079 dicendum quod duplex est similitudo. Una omnimodae aequiparantiae.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4080 Et hanc similitudinem ad Deum primi parentes non appetierunt, quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4081 talis similitudo ad Deum non cadit in apprehensione, praecipue
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4082 sapientis. Alia autem est similitudo imitationis, qualis possibilis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4083 est creaturae ad Deum, inquantum videlicet participat aliquid de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4084 similitudine ipsius secundum suum modum. Unde Dionysius dicit, in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4085 IX cap. de Div. Nom., <i>eadem similia sunt Deo, et dissimilia, hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4086 quidem secundum contingentem imitationem; hoc autem secundum quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4087 causata minus habent a causa</i>. Quodlibet autem bonum in creatura
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4088 existens est quaedam participata similitudo primi boni. Et ideo ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4089 hoc ipso quod homo appetiit aliquod spirituale bonum supra suam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4090 mensuram, ut dictum est, consequens est quod appetierit divinam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4091 similitudinem inordinate. Considerandum tamen est quod appetitus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4092 proprie est rei non habitae. Bonum autem spirituale secundum quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4093 creatura rationalis participat divinam similitudinem, potest
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4094 secundum tria attendi. Primo quidem, secundum ipsum esse naturae.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4095 Et talis similitudo ab ipso creationis principio fuit impressa et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4096 homini, de quo dicitur, Gen. I, quod <i>fecit Deus hominem ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4097 imaginem et similitudinem suam</i>; et Angelo, de quo dicitur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4098 Ezech. XXVIII, <i>tu signaculum similitudinis</i>. Secundo vero,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4099 quantum ad cognitionem. Et hanc etiam similitudinem in sui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4100 creatione Angelus accepit, unde in praemissis verbis, cum dictum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4101 esset, tu signaculum similitudinis, statim subditur, plenus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4102 sapientia. Sed primus homo in sua creatione istam similitudinem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4103 nondum actu adeptus erat, sed solum in potentia. Tertio, quantum ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4104 potestatem operandi. Et hanc similitudinem nondum erant in actu
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4105 assecuti neque Angelus neque homo in ipso creationis principio,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4106 quia utrique restabat aliquid agendum quo ad beatitudinem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4107 perveniret. Et ideo cum uterque, scilicet Diabolus et primus homo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4108 inordinate divinam similitudinem appetierint, neuter eorum peccavit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4109 appetendo similitudinem naturae. Sed primus homo peccavit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4110 principaliter appetendo similitudinem Dei quantum ad scientiam boni
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4111 et mali, sicut serpens ei suggessit, ut scilicet per virtutem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4112 propriae naturae determinaret sibi quid esset bonum et quid malum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4113 ad agendum; vel etiam ut per seipsum praecognosceret quid sibi boni
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4114 vel mali esset futurum. Et secundario peccavit appetendo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4115 similitudinem Dei quantum ad propriam potestatem operandi, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4116 scilicet virtute propriae naturae operaretur ad beatitudinem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4117 consequendam, unde Augustinus dicit, XI super Gen. ad Litt., quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4118 <i>menti mulieris inhaesit amor propriae potestatis</i>. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4119 Diabolus peccavit appetendo similitudinem Dei quantum ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4120 potestatem, unde Augustinus dicit, in libro de vera Relig., quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4121 <i>magis voluit sua potentia frui quam Dei</i>. Veruntamen quantum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4122 ad aliquid uterque Deo aequiparari appetiit, inquantum scilicet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4123 uterque sibi inniti voluit, contempto divinae regulae ordine.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4124 <p title="II-II q. 163 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="45604"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4125 "ref">[45604] IIª-IIae, q. 163 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4126 ergo dicendum quod ratio illa procedit de similitudine naturae, ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4127 cuius appetitu homo non peccavit, ut dictum est.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4128 <p title="II-II q. 163 a. 2 ad 2"><a name="45605"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4129 "ref">[45605] IIª-IIae, q. 163 a. 2 ad 2</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4130 secundum dicendum quod appetere similitudinem Dei absolute quantum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4131 ad scientiam, non est peccatum. Sed appetere huiusmodi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4132 similitudinem inordinate, idest supra suam mensuram, peccatum est.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4133 Unde super illud Psalmi, <i>Deus quis similis erit tibi</i>, dicit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4134 Augustinus, <i>qui per se vult esse Deus, perverse vult esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4135 similis Deo, ut Diabolus, qui noluit sub eo esse; et homo, qui ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4136 servus noluit tenere praecepta</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4137 <p title="II-II q. 163 a. 2 ad 3"><a name="45606"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4138 "ref">[45606] IIª-IIae, q. 163 a. 2 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4139 dicendum quod ratio illa procedit de similitudine
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4140 aequiparantiae.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4141 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4142 <div class="E">Articulus 3</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4143 <p title="II-II q. 163 a. 3 arg. 1"><a name="45607"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4144 "ref">[45607] IIª-IIae, q. 163 a. 3 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4145 tertium sic proceditur. Videtur quod peccatum primorum parentum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4146 fuerit ceteris gravius. Dicit enim Augustinus, XIV de Civ. Dei,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4147 <i>magna fuit in peccando iniquitas, ubi tanta fuit in non peccando
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4148 facilitas</i>. Sed primi parentes maximam habuerunt facilitatem ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4149 non peccandum, quia nihil habebant intrinsecus quod eos ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4150 peccandum impelleret. Ergo peccatum primorum parentum fuit ceteris
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4151 gravius.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4152 <p title="II-II q. 163 a. 3 arg. 2"><a name="45608"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4153 "ref">[45608] IIª-IIae, q. 163 a. 3 arg. 2</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4154 Praeterea, poena proportionatur culpae. Sed peccatum primorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4155 parentum gravissime est punitum, quia ex ipso mors introivit in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4156 hunc mundum, ut apostolus dicit, Rom. V. Ergo peccatum illud fuit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4157 gravius aliis peccatis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4158 <p title="II-II q. 163 a. 3 arg. 3"><a name="45609"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4159 "ref">[45609] IIª-IIae, q. 163 a. 3 arg. 3</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4160 Praeterea, primum in quolibet genere videtur esse maximum, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4161 dicitur in II Metaphys. Sed peccatum primorum parentum fuit primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4162 inter alia peccata hominum. Ergo fuit maximum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4163 <p title="II-II q. 163 a. 3 s. c."><a name="45610"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4164 "ref">[45610] IIª-IIae, q. 163 a. 3 s. c.</span></a> Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4165 contra est quod Origenes dicit, <i>non arbitror quod aliquis ex his
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4166 qui in summo perfectoque constiterunt gradu, ad subitum evacuetur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4167 ac decidat, sed paulatim et per partes defluere eum necesse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4168 est</i>. Sed primi parentes in summo perfectoque gradu
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4169 consistebant. Non ergo eorum primum peccatum fuit maximum omnium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4170 peccatorum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4171 <p title="II-II q. 163 a. 3 co."><a name="45611"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4172 "ref">[45611] IIª-IIae, q. 163 a. 3 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4173 dicendum quod duplex gravitas in peccato attendi potest. Una
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4174 quidem, ex ipsa specie peccati, sicut dicimus adulterium esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4175 gravius peccatum simplici fornicatione. Alia autem est gravitas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4176 peccati quae attenditur secundum aliquam circumstantiam loci, vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4177 personae, aut temporis. Prima autem gravitas essentialior est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4178 peccato, et principalior. Unde secundum eam magis peccatum dicitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4179 grave quam secundum aliam. Dicendum est igitur quod peccatum primi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4180 hominis non fuit gravius omnibus aliis peccatis humanis secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4181 speciem peccati. Etsi enim superbia secundum suum genus habeat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4182 quandam excellentiam inter alia peccata, maior tamen est superbia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4183 qua quis Deum negat vel blasphemat, quam superbia qua quis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4184 inordinate divinam similitudinem appetit, qualis fuit superbia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4185 primorum parentum, ut dictum est. Sed secundum conditionem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4186 personarum peccantium, peccatum illud habuit maximam gravitatem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4187 propter perfectionem status ipsorum. Et ideo dicendum est quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4188 illud peccatum fuit quidem secundum quid gravissimum, sed non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4189 simpliciter.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4190 <p title="II-II q. 163 a. 3 ad 1"><a name="45612"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4191 "ref">[45612] IIª-IIae, q. 163 a. 3 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4192 ergo dicendum quod ratio illa procedit de gravitate peccati ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4193 circumstantia peccantis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4194 <p title="II-II q. 163 a. 3 ad 2"><a name="45613"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4195 "ref">[45613] IIª-IIae, q. 163 a. 3 ad 2</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4196 secundum dicendum quod magnitudo poenae quae consecuta est ad illud
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4197 primum peccatum, non correspondet ei secundum quantitatem propriae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4198 speciei, sed inquantum fuit primum, quia ex hoc interrupta est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4199 innocentia primi status, qua subtracta, deordinata est tota natura
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4200 humana.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4201 <p title="II-II q. 163 a. 3 ad 3"><a name="45614"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4202 "ref">[45614] IIª-IIae, q. 163 a. 3 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4203 dicendum quod in his quae sunt per se ordinata, oportet id quod est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4204 primum esse maximum. Talis autem ordo non attenditur in peccatis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4205 sed unum per accidens sequitur post aliud. Unde non sequitur quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4206 primum peccatum sit maximum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4207 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4208 <div class="E">Articulus 4</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4209 <p title="II-II q. 163 a. 4 arg. 1"><a name="45615"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4210 "ref">[45615] IIª-IIae, q. 163 a. 4 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4211 quartum sic proceditur. Videtur quod peccatum Adae fuit gravius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4212 quam peccatum Evae. Dicitur enim I ad Tim. II, quod <i>Adam non est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4213 seductus, mulier autem seducta in praevaricatione fuit</i>, et sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4214 videtur quod peccatum mulieris fuerit ex ignorantia, peccatum autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4215 viri ex certa scientia. Sed huiusmodi peccatum est gravius,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4216 secundum illud Luc. XII, <i>ille servus qui cognovit voluntatem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4217 domini sui et non fecit secundum voluntatem eius, vapulabit multis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4218 qui autem non cognovit et fecit digna plagis, vapulabit paucis</i>.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4219 Ergo Adam gravius peccavit quam Eva.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4220 <p title="II-II q. 163 a. 4 arg. 2"><a name="45616"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4221 "ref">[45616] IIª-IIae, q. 163 a. 4 arg. 2</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4222 Praeterea, Augustinus dicit, in libro de decem chordis, <i>si caput
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4223 est vir, melius debet vivere, et praecedere in omnibus bonis factis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4224 uxorem suam, ut illa imitetur virum</i>. Sed ille qui melius debet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4225 facere, si peccet, gravius peccat. Ergo Adam gravius peccavit quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4226 Eva.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4227 <p title="II-II q. 163 a. 4 arg. 3"><a name="45617"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4228 "ref">[45617] IIª-IIae, q. 163 a. 4 arg. 3</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4229 Praeterea, peccatum in spiritum sanctum videtur esse gravissimum.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4230 Sed Adam videtur in spiritum sanctum peccasse, quia peccavit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4231 cogitans de divina misericordia, quod pertinet ad peccatum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4232 praesumptionis. Ergo videtur quod Adam gravius peccavit quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4233 Eva.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4234 <p title="II-II q. 163 a. 4 s. c."><a name="45618"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4235 "ref">[45618] IIª-IIae, q. 163 a. 4 s. c.</span></a> Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4236 contra est quod poena respondet culpae. Sed mulier gravius est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4237 punita quam vir, ut patet Gen. III. Ergo gravius peccavit quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4238 vir.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4239 <p title="II-II q. 163 a. 4 co."><a name="45619"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4240 "ref">[45619] IIª-IIae, q. 163 a. 4 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4241 dicendum quod, sicut dictum est, gravitas peccati principalius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4242 attenditur secundum peccati speciem quam secundum personae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4243 circumstantiam. Dicendum est ergo quod, si consideremus conditionem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4244 personae utriusque, scilicet mulieris et viri, peccatum viri est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4245 gravius, quia erat perfectior muliere. Sed quantum ad ipsum genus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4246 peccati, utriusque peccatum aequale dicitur, quia utriusque
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4247 peccatum fuit superbia. Unde Augustinus dicit, XI super Gen. ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4248 Litt., quod mulier excusavit peccatum suum <i>in impari sexu, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4249 pari fastu</i>. Sed quantum ad speciem superbiae, gravius peccavit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4250 mulier, triplici ratione. Primo quidem, quia maior elatio fuit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4251 mulieris quam viri. Mulier enim credidit verum esse quod serpens
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4252 suasit, scilicet quod Deus prohibuit ligni esum ne ad eius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4253 similitudinem pervenirent, et ita, dum per esum ligni vetiti Dei
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4254 similitudinem consequi voluit, superbia eius ad hoc se erexit quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4255 contra Dei voluntatem aliquid voluit obtinere. Sed vir non credidit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4256 hoc esse verum. Unde non voluit consequi divinam similitudinem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4257 contra Dei voluntatem, sed in hoc superbivit, quod voluit eam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4258 consequi per seipsum. Secundo, quia mulier non solum ipsa peccavit,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4259 sed etiam viro peccatum suggessit. Unde peccavit et in Deum et in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4260 proximum. Tertio, in hoc quod peccatum viri diminutum est ex hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4261 quod in peccatum consensit <i>amicabili quadam benevolentia, qua
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4262 plerumque fit ut offendatur Deus ne homo ex amico fiat inimicus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4263 quod eum facere non debuisse divinae sententiae exitus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4264 indicavit</i>, ut Augustinus dicit, XI Sup. Gen. ad litteram. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4265 sic patet quod peccatum mulieris fuit gravius quam peccatum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4266 viri.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4267 <p title="II-II q. 163 a. 4 ad 1"><a name="45620"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4268 "ref">[45620] IIª-IIae, q. 163 a. 4 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4269 ergo dicendum quod illa seductio mulieris ex praecedenti elevatione
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4270 subsecuta est. Et ideo talis ignorantia non excusat, sed aggravat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4271 peccatum, inquantum scilicet ignorando in maiorem elationem erecta
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4272 est.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4273 <p title="II-II q. 163 a. 4 ad 2"><a name="45621"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4274 "ref">[45621] IIª-IIae, q. 163 a. 4 ad 2</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4275 secundum dicendum quod ratio illa procedit ex circumstantia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4276 conditionis personae, ex qua peccatum viri fuit gravius secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4277 quid.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4278 <p title="II-II q. 163 a. 4 ad 3"><a name="45622"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4279 "ref">[45622] IIª-IIae, q. 163 a. 4 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4280 dicendum quod vir non cogitavit de divina misericordia usque ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4281 contemptum divinae iustitiae, quod facit peccatum in spiritum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4282 sanctum, sed quia, ut Augustinus dicit, XI super Gen. ad Litt.,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4283 <i>inexpertus divinae severitatis, credidit illud peccatum esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4284 veniale</i>, id est de facili remissibile.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4285 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4286 <div class="D">Quaestio 164</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4287 <div class="G">Prooemium</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4288 <p title="II-II q. 164 pr."><a name="45623"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4289 "ref">[45623] IIª-IIae, q. 164 pr.</span></a> Deinde
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4290 considerandum est de poena primi peccati. Et circa hoc quaeruntur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4291 duo. Primo, de morte, quae est poena communis. Secundo, de aliis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4292 particularibus poenis quae in Genesi assignantur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4293 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4294 <div class="E">Articulus 1</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4295 <p title="II-II q. 164 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="45624"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4296 "ref">[45624] IIª-IIae, q. 164 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4297 primum sic proceditur. Videtur quod mors non sit poena peccati
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4298 primorum parentum. Illud enim quod est homini naturale, non potest
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4299 dici poena peccati, quia peccatum non perficit naturam, sed vitiat.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4300 Mors autem est homini naturalis, quod patet ex hoc quod corpus eius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4301 ex contrariis componitur; et ex hoc etiam quod mortale ponitur in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4302 definitione hominis. Ergo mors non est poena peccati primorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4303 parentum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4304 <p title="II-II q. 164 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="45625"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4305 "ref">[45625] IIª-IIae, q. 164 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4306 Praeterea, mors et alii corporales defectus similiter inveniuntur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4307 in homine sicut et in aliis animalibus, secundum illud Eccle. III,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4308 <i>unus interitus est hominis et iumentorum, et aequa utriusque
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4309 conditio</i>. Sed in animalibus brutis mors non est poena peccati.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4310 Ergo etiam neque in hominibus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4311 <p title="II-II q. 164 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="45626"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4312 "ref">[45626] IIª-IIae, q. 164 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4313 Praeterea, peccatum primorum parentum fuit specialium personarum.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4314 Sed mors consequitur totam humanam naturam. Ergo non videtur esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4315 poena peccati primorum parentum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4316 <p title="II-II q. 164 a. 1 arg. 4"><a name="45627"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4317 "ref">[45627] IIª-IIae, q. 164 a. 1 arg. 4</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4318 Praeterea, omnes aequaliter derivantur a primis parentibus. Si
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4319 igitur mors esset poena peccati primorum parentum, sequeretur quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4320 omnes homines aequaliter mortem paterentur. Quod patet esse falsum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4321 quia quidam citius aliis, et gravius moriuntur. Ergo mors non est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4322 poena primi peccati.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4323 <p title="II-II q. 164 a. 1 arg. 5"><a name="45628"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4324 "ref">[45628] IIª-IIae, q. 164 a. 1 arg. 5</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4325 Praeterea, malum poenae est a Deo, ut supra habitum est. Sed mors
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4326 non videtur esse a Deo, dicitur enim Sap. I, quod <i>Deus mortem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4327 non fecit</i>. Ergo mors non est poena primi peccati.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4328 <p title="II-II q. 164 a. 1 arg. 6"><a name="45629"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4329 "ref">[45629] IIª-IIae, q. 164 a. 1 arg. 6</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4330 Praeterea, poenae non videntur esse meritoriae, nam meritum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4331 continetur sub bono, poena autem sub malo. Sed mors quandoque est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4332 meritoria, sicut patet de morte martyrum. Ergo videtur quod mors
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4333 non sit poena.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4334 <p title="II-II q. 164 a. 1 arg. 7"><a name="45630"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4335 "ref">[45630] IIª-IIae, q. 164 a. 1 arg. 7</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4336 Praeterea, poena videtur esse afflictiva. Sed mors non potest esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4337 afflictiva, ut videtur, quia quando mors est, homo non sentit;
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4338 quando autem non est, sentiri non potest. Ergo mors non est poena
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4339 peccati.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4340 <p title="II-II q. 164 a. 1 arg. 8"><a name="45631"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4341 "ref">[45631] IIª-IIae, q. 164 a. 1 arg. 8</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4342 Praeterea, si mors esset poena peccati, statim fuisset ad peccatum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4343 consecuta. Sed hoc non est verum, nam primi parentes post peccatum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4344 diu vixerunt, ut patet Gen. IV. Ergo mors non videtur esse poena
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4345 peccati.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4346 <p title="II-II q. 164 a. 1 s. c."><a name="45632"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4347 "ref">[45632] IIª-IIae, q. 164 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4348 contra est quod apostolus dicit, Rom. V, <i>per unum hominem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4349 peccatum in hunc mundum intravit, et per peccatum mors</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4350 <p title="II-II q. 164 a. 1 co."><a name="45633"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4351 "ref">[45633] IIª-IIae, q. 164 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4352 dicendum quod, si aliquis propter culpam suam privetur aliquo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4353 beneficio sibi dato, carentia illius beneficii est poena culpae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4354 illius. Sicut autem in primo dictum est, homini in prima sui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4355 institutione hoc beneficium fuit collatum divinitus, ut quandiu
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4356 mens eius esset Deo subiecta, inferiores vires animae subiicerentur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4357 rationali menti, et corpus animae subiiceretur. Sed quia mens
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4358 hominis per peccatum a divina subiectione recessit, consecutum est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4359 ut nec inferiores vires totaliter rationi subiicerentur, unde tanta
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4360 est rebellio carnalis appetitus ad rationem; nec etiam corpus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4361 totaliter subiiceretur animae, unde consequitur mors, et alii
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4362 corporales defectus. Vita enim et incolumitas corporis consistit in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4363 hoc quod subiiciatur animae, sicut perfectibile suae perfectioni,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4364 unde, per oppositum, mors et aegritudo, et quilibet corporalis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4365 defectus, pertinet ad defectum subiectionis corporis ad animam.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4366 Unde patet quod, sicut rebellio carnalis appetitus ad spiritum est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4367 poena peccati primorum parentum, ita etiam et mors et omnes
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4368 corporales defectus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4369 <p title="II-II q. 164 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="45634"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4370 "ref">[45634] IIª-IIae, q. 164 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4371 ergo dicendum quod naturale dicitur quod ex principiis naturae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4372 causatur. Naturae autem per se principia sunt forma et materia.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4373 Forma autem hominis est anima rationalis, quae de se est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4374 immortalis. Et ideo mors non est naturalis homini ex parte suae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4375 formae. Materia autem hominis est corpus tale quod est ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4376 contrariis compositum, ad quod sequitur ex necessitate
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4377 corruptibilitas. Et quantum ad hoc, mors est homini naturalis. Haec
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4378 tamen conditio in materia humani corporis est consequens ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4379 necessitate materiae, quia oportebat corpus humanum esse organum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4380 tactus, et per consequens medium inter tangibilia; et hoc non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4381 poterat esse nisi esset ex contrariis compositum, ut patet per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4382 philosophum, in II de anima. Non autem est conditio secundum quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4383 materia adaptetur formae, quia, si esset possibile, cum forma sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4384 incorruptibilis, potius oporteret materiam incorruptibilem esse.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4385 Sicut quod serra sit ferrea, competit formae et actioni ipsius, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4386 per duritiem sit apta ad secandum, sed quod sit potens rubiginem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4387 contrahere, consequitur ex necessitate talis materiae, et non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4388 secundum electionem agentis; nam si artifex posset, faceret ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4389 ferro serram quae rubiginem non posset contrahere. Deus autem, qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4390 est conditor hominis, omnipotens est. Unde ademit suo beneficio ab
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4391 homine primitus instituto necessitatem moriendi ex tali materia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4392 consequentem. Quod tamen beneficium subtractum est per peccatum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4393 primorum parentum. Et sic mors et est naturalis, propter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4394 conditionem materiae, et est poenalis, propter amissionem divini
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4395 beneficii praeservantis a morte.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4396 <p title="II-II q. 164 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="45635"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4397 "ref">[45635] IIª-IIae, q. 164 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4398 secundum dicendum quod similitudo illa hominis ad alia animalia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4399 attenditur quantum ad conditionem materiae, idest quantum ad corpus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4400 ex contrariis compositum, non autem quantum ad formam. Nam anima
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4401 hominis est immortalis, brutorum vero animalium animae sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4402 mortales.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4403 <p title="II-II q. 164 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="45636"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4404 "ref">[45636] IIª-IIae, q. 164 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4405 dicendum quod primi parentes fuerunt instituti a Deo non solum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4406 sicut quaedam personae singulares, sed sicut quaedam principia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4407 totius humanae naturae ab eis in posteros derivandae simul cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4408 beneficio divino praeservante a morte. Et ideo per eorum peccatum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4409 tota humana natura in posteris tali beneficio destituta, mortem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4410 incurrit.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4411 <p title="II-II q. 164 a. 1 ad 4"><a name="45637"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4412 "ref">[45637] IIª-IIae, q. 164 a. 1 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4413 dicendum quod aliquis defectus ex peccato consequitur dupliciter.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4414 Uno modo, per modum poenae taxatae a iudice. Et talis defectus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4415 aequalis debet esse in his ad quos aequaliter pertinet peccatum.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4416 Alius autem defectus est qui ex huiusmodi poena per accidens
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4417 consequitur, sicut quod aliquis pro sua culpa excaecatus, cadat in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4418 via. Et talis defectus culpae non proportionatur, nec ab homine
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4419 iudice pensatur, qui non potest fortuitos eventus praecognoscere.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4420 Sic igitur poena taxata pro primo peccato, proportionaliter ei
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4421 respondens, fuit subtractio divini beneficii quo rectitudo et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4422 integritas humanae naturae conservabatur. Defectus autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4423 consequentes subtractionem huius beneficii, sunt mors et aliae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4424 poenalitates praesentis vitae. Et ideo non oportet huiusmodi poenas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4425 aequales esse in his ad quos aequaliter pertinet primum peccatum.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4426 Verum quia Deus praescius est omnium futurorum eventuum, ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4427 dispensatione divinae providentiae huiusmodi poenalitates
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4428 diversimode in diversis inveniuntur, non quidem propter aliqua
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4429 merita praecedentia hanc vitam, ut Origenes posuit (hoc enim est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4430 contra id quod dicitur Rom. IX, <i>cum nondum aliquid boni aut mali
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4431 egissent</i>; est etiam contra hoc quod in primo ostensum est, quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4432 anima non est creata ante corpus); sed vel in poenam paternorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4433 peccatorum, inquantum filius est quaedam res patris, unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4434 frequenter parentes puniuntur in prole; vel etiam propter remedium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4435 salutis eius qui huiusmodi poenalitatibus subditur, ut scilicet per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4436 hoc a peccatis arceatur, vel etiam de virtutibus non superbiat, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4437 per patientiam coronetur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4438 <p title="II-II q. 164 a. 1 ad 5"><a name="45638"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4439 "ref">[45638] IIª-IIae, q. 164 a. 1 ad 5</span></a> Ad quintum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4440 dicendum quod mors dupliciter potest considerari. Uno modo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4441 secundum quod est quoddam malum humanae naturae. Et sic non est ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4442 Deo, sed est defectus quidam incidens ex culpa humana. Alio modo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4443 potest considerari secundum quod habet quandam rationem boni, prout
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4444 scilicet est quaedam iusta poena. Et sic est a Deo. Unde Augustinus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4445 dicit, in libro Retractat., quod Deus non est auctor mortis, nisi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4446 inquantum est poena.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4447 <p title="II-II q. 164 a. 1 ad 6"><a name="45639"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4448 "ref">[45639] IIª-IIae, q. 164 a. 1 ad 6</span></a> Ad sextum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4449 dicendum quod, sicut Augustinus dicit, XIII de Civ. Dei,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4450 <i>quemadmodum iniusti male utuntur non tantum malis, verum etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4451 bonis; ita iusti bene utuntur non tantum bonis, sed etiam malis.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4452 Hinc fit ut et mali male lege utantur, quamvis sit lex bonum, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4453 boni bene moriantur, quamvis sit mors malum</i>. Inquantum igitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4454 sancti bene morte utuntur, fit eis mors meritoria.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4455 <p title="II-II q. 164 a. 1 ad 7"><a name="45640"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4456 "ref">[45640] IIª-IIae, q. 164 a. 1 ad 7</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4457 septimum dicendum quod mors dupliciter accipi potest. Uno modo, pro
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4458 ipsa privatione vitae. Et sic mors sentiri non potest, cum sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4459 privatio sensus et vitae. Et sic non est poena sensus, sed poena
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4460 damni. Alio modo, secundum quod nominat ipsam corruptionem quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4461 terminatur ad privationem praedictam. De corruptione autem, sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4462 et de generatione, dupliciter loqui possumus. Uno modo, secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4463 quod est terminus alterationis. Et sic in ipso instanti in quo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4464 primo privatur vita, dicitur inesse mors. Et secundum hoc etiam,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4465 mors non est poena sensus. Alio modo corruptio potest accipi cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4466 alteratione praecedente, prout dicitur aliquis mori dum movetur in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4467 mortem; sicut dicitur aliquid generari dum movetur in generatum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4468 esse. Et sic mors potest esse afflictiva.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4469 <p title="II-II q. 164 a. 1 ad 8"><a name="45641"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4470 "ref">[45641] IIª-IIae, q. 164 a. 1 ad 8</span></a> Ad octavum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4471 dicendum quod, sicut Augustinus dicit, super Gen. ad Litt.,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4472 <i>quamvis annos multos primi parentes postea vixerint, illo tamen
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4473 die mori coeperunt quo mortis legem, qua in senium veterascerent,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4474 acceperunt</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4475 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4476 <div class="E">Articulus 2</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4477 <p title="II-II q. 164 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="45642"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4478 "ref">[45642] IIª-IIae, q. 164 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4479 secundum sic proceditur. Videtur quod inconvenienter particulares
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4480 poenae primorum parentum determinentur in Scriptura. Non enim debet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4481 assignari ut poena peccati id quod etiam sine peccato esset. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4482 dolor in pariendo esset, ut videtur, etiam sine peccato, hoc enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4483 requirit dispositio feminei sexus, ut proles nasci non possit sine
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4484 dolore parientis. Similiter etiam subiectio mulieris ad virum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4485 consequitur perfectionem virilis sexus et imperfectionem muliebris.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4486 Germinatio etiam spinarum et tribulorum ad naturam terrae pertinet,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4487 quae fuisset etiam sine peccato. Non ergo huiusmodi sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4488 convenientes poenae primi peccati.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4489 <p title="II-II q. 164 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="45643"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4490 "ref">[45643] IIª-IIae, q. 164 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4491 Praeterea, illud quod pertinet ad dignitatem alicuius, non videtur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4492 ad poenam eius pertinere. Sed multiplicatio conceptus pertinet ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4493 dignitatem mulieris. Ergo non debet poni quasi mulieris poena.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4494 <p title="II-II q. 164 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="45644"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4495 "ref">[45644] IIª-IIae, q. 164 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4496 Praeterea, poena peccati primorum parentum ad omnes derivatur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4497 sicut de morte dictum est. Sed non omnium mulierum multiplicantur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4498 conceptus, nec omnes viri in sudore vultus sui pane vescuntur. Non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4499 ergo ista sunt convenientes poenae primi peccati.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4500 <p title="II-II q. 164 a. 2 arg. 4"><a name="45645"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4501 "ref">[45645] IIª-IIae, q. 164 a. 2 arg. 4</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4502 Praeterea, locus Paradisi propter hominem factus erat. Sed nihil
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4503 debet esse frustra in rerum ordine. Ergo videtur quod non fuerit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4504 conveniens hominis poena quod a Paradiso excluderetur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4505 <p title="II-II q. 164 a. 2 arg. 5"><a name="45646"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4506 "ref">[45646] IIª-IIae, q. 164 a. 2 arg. 5</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4507 Praeterea, locus ille Paradisi terrestris de se dicitur esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4508 inaccessibilis. Frustra ergo apposita sunt alia impedimenta, ne
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4509 homo illuc reverteretur, scilicet Cherubin et gladius flammeus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4510 atque versatilis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4511 <p title="II-II q. 164 a. 2 arg. 6"><a name="45647"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4512 "ref">[45647] IIª-IIae, q. 164 a. 2 arg. 6</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4513 Praeterea, homo post peccatum statim necessitati mortis fuit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4514 addictus, et ita beneficio ligni vitae non poterat ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4515 immortalitatem reparari. Frustra ergo ei esus ligni vitae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4516 interdicitur. Cum dicitur Gen. III, <i>videte, ne forte sumat de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4517 ligno vitae, et vivat in aeternum</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4518 <p title="II-II q. 164 a. 2 arg. 7"><a name="45648"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4519 "ref">[45648] IIª-IIae, q. 164 a. 2 arg. 7</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4520 Praeterea, insultare misero videtur misericordiae et clementiae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4521 repugnare, quae maxime in Scriptura Deo attribuitur, secundum illud
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4522 Psalmi, <i>miserationes eius super omnia opera eius</i>. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4523 inconvenienter ponitur dominum insultasse primis parentibus per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4524 peccatum iam in miseriam deductis, ubi dicitur, <i>ecce, Adam quasi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4525 unus ex nobis factus est, sciens bonum et malum.</i></p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4526 <p title="II-II q. 164 a. 2 arg. 8"><a name="45649"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4527 "ref">[45649] IIª-IIae, q. 164 a. 2 arg. 8</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4528 Praeterea, vestitus ad necessitatem hominis pertinet, sicut et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4529 cibus, secundum illud I ad Tim. ult., <i>habentes alimenta et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4530 quibus tegamur, his contenti sumus</i>. Ergo, sicut cibus primis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4531 parentibus fuit attributus ante peccatum, ita etiam et vestitus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4532 attribui debuit. Inconvenienter ergo post peccatum dicitur eis Deus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4533 tunicas pelliceas fecisse.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4534 <p title="II-II q. 164 a. 2 arg. 9"><a name="45650"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4535 "ref">[45650] IIª-IIae, q. 164 a. 2 arg. 9</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4536 Praeterea, poena quae peccato alicui adhibetur, debet plus habere
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4537 in malo quam emolumentum quod quis ex peccato consequitur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4538 alioquin, per poenam non deterreretur aliquis a peccato. Sed primi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4539 parentes ex peccato consecuti sunt quod eorum oculi aperirentur, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4540 dicitur Gen. III. Hoc autem praeponderat in bono omnibus malis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4541 poenalibus quae ponuntur ex peccato consecuta. Inconvenienter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4542 igitur describuntur poenae peccatum primorum parentum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4543 consequentes.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4544 <p title="II-II q. 164 a. 2 s. c."><a name="45651"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4545 "ref">[45651] IIª-IIae, q. 164 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> In
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4546 contrarium est quod huiusmodi poenae sunt divinitus taxatae, qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4547 omnia facit in numero, pondere et mensura, ut dicitur Sap. XI.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4548 <p title="II-II q. 164 a. 2 co."><a name="45652"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4549 "ref">[45652] IIª-IIae, q. 164 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4550 dicendum quod, sicut dictum est, primi parentes propter suum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4551 peccatum privati sunt beneficio divino quo humanae naturae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4552 integritas in eis conservabatur, per cuius subtractionem humana
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4553 natura in defectus poenales incidit. Et ideo dupliciter puniti
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4554 fuerunt. Primo quidem, quantum ad hoc quod subtractum fuit eis id
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4555 quod integritatis statui competebat, scilicet locus terrestris
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4556 Paradisi, quod significatur Gen. III, cum dicitur, <i>et emisit eum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4557 Deus de Paradiso voluptatis</i>. Et quia ad illum statum primae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4558 innocentiae per seipsum redire non poterat, convenienter apposita
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4559 sunt impedimenta ne rediret ad ea quae primo statui competebant,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4560 scilicet a cibo, ne sumeret de ligno vitae; et a loco,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4561 <i>collocavit Deus ante Paradisum Cherubin et flammeum gladium</i>.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4562 Secundo autem puniti fuerunt quantum ad hoc quod attributa sunt eis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4563 ea quae naturae conveniunt tali beneficio destitutae. Et hoc quidem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4564 et quantum ad corpus, et quantum ad animam. Quantum quidem ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4565 corpus, ad quod pertinet differentia sexus, alia poena attributa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4566 est mulieri, alia viro. Mulieri quidem attributa est poena secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4567 duo propter quae viro coniungitur, quae sunt generatio prolis, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4568 communicatio operum pertinentium ad domesticam conversationem.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4569 Quantum autem ad generationem prolis, punita fuit dupliciter. Primo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4570 quidem, quantum ad taedia quae sustinet portando prolem conceptam,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4571 et hoc significatur cum dicitur, <i>multiplicabo aerumnas tuas et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4572 conceptus tuos</i>. Et quantum ad dolorem quem patitur in pariendo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4573 et quantum ad hoc dicitur, <i>in dolore paries</i>. Quantum vero ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4574 domesticam conversationem, punitur secundum hoc quod subiicitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4575 dominationi viri, per hoc quod dicitur, <i>sub viri potestate
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4576 eris</i>. Sicut autem ad mulierem pertinet ut subdatur viro in his
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4577 quae ad domesticam conversationem pertinent, ita ad virum pertinet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4578 quod necessaria vitae procuret. Et circa hoc punitur tripliciter.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4579 Primo quidem, per terrae sterilitatem, cum dicitur, maledicta terra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4580 in opere tuo. Secundo, per laboris anxietatem, sine qua fructus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4581 terrae non percipit, unde dicitur, <i>in labore comedes de ea
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4582 cunctis diebus vitae tuae</i>. Tertio, quantum ad impedimenta quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4583 proveniunt terram colentibus, unde dicitur, <i>spinas et tribulos
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4584 germinabit tibi</i>. Similiter etiam ex parte animae triplex eorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4585 poena describitur. Primo quidem, quantum ad confusionem quam passi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4586 sunt de rebellione carnis ad spiritum, unde dicitur, <i>aperti sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4587 oculi amborum, et cognoverunt se esse nudos</i>. Secundo, quantum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4588 ad increpationem propriae culpae, per hoc quod dicitur, <i>ecce,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4589 Adam factus est quasi unus ex nobis</i>. Tertio, quantum ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4590 commemorationem futurae mortis, secundum quod ei dictum est,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4591 <i>pulvis es, et in pulverem reverteris</i>. Ad quod etiam pertinet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4592 quod Deus fecit eis tunicas pelliceas, in signum mortalitatis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4593 eorum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4594 <p title="II-II q. 164 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="45653"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4595 "ref">[45653] IIª-IIae, q. 164 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4596 ergo dicendum quod in statu innocentiae fuisset partus absque
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4597 dolore. Dicit enim Augustinus, XIV de Civ. Dei, <i>sic ad pariendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4598 non doloris gemitus, sed maturitatis impulsus feminea viscera
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4599 relaxaret, sicut ad concipiendum non libidinis appetitus, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4600 voluntarius usus naturam utramque coniungeret</i>. Subiectio autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4601 mulieris ad virum intelligenda est in poenam mulieris esse inducta,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4602 non quantum ad regimen, quia etiam ante peccatum vir caput mulieris
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4603 fuisset et eius gubernator existeret, sed prout mulier, contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4604 propriam voluntatem, necesse habet viri voluntati parere. Spinas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4605 autem et tribulos terra germinasset, si homo non peccasset, in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4606 cibum animalium, non autem in hominis poenam, quia scilicet per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4607 eorum exortum nullus labor aut punctio homini operanti in terra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4608 accideret, ut Augustinus dicit, super Gen. ad Litt. Quamvis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4609 Alcuinus dicat quod ante peccatum terra omnino spinas et tribulos
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4610 non germinasset. Sed primum melius est.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4611 <p title="II-II q. 164 a. 2 ad 2"><a name="45654"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4612 "ref">[45654] IIª-IIae, q. 164 a. 2 ad 2</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4613 secundum dicendum quod multitudo conceptuum inducitur in poenam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4614 mulieris, non propter ipsam procreationem prolis, quae etiam ante
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4615 peccatum fuisset, sed propter multitudinem afflictionum, quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4616 mulier patitur ex hoc quod portat fetum conceptum. Unde signanter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4617 coniungitur, <i>multiplicabo aerumnas tuas et conceptus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4618 tuos</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4619 <p title="II-II q. 164 a. 2 ad 3"><a name="45655"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4620 "ref">[45655] IIª-IIae, q. 164 a. 2 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4621 dicendum quod illae poenae aliqualiter ad omnes pertinent.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4622 Quaecumque enim mulier concipit, necesse est quod aerumnas patiatur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4623 et cum dolore pariat, praeter beatam virginem, quae sine
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4624 corruptione concepit et sine dolore peperit, quia eius conceptio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4625 non fuit secundum legem naturae a primis parentibus derivata. Si
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4626 autem aliqua non concipit neque parit, patitur sterilitatis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4627 defectum, qui praeponderat poenis praedictis. Similiter etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4628 oportet ut quicumque terram operatur, in sudore vultus comedat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4629 panem. Et qui ipsi per se agriculturam non exercent, in aliis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4630 laboribus occupantur, homo enim nascitur ad laborem, ut dicitur Iob
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4631 V, et sic panem ab aliis in sudore vultus elaboratum manducant.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4632 <p title="II-II q. 164 a. 2 ad 4"><a name="45656"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4633 "ref">[45656] IIª-IIae, q. 164 a. 2 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4634 dicendum quod locus ille Paradisi terrestris, quamvis non serviat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4635 homini ad usum, servit tamen ei ad documentum, dum cognoscit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4636 propter peccatum se tali loco fuisse privatum; et dum per ea quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4637 corporaliter in illo Paradiso sunt, instruuntur de his quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4638 pertinent ad Paradisum caelestem, quo aditus homini praeparatur per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4639 Christum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4640 <p title="II-II q. 164 a. 2 ad 5"><a name="45657"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4641 "ref">[45657] IIª-IIae, q. 164 a. 2 ad 5</span></a> Ad quintum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4642 dicendum quod, salvis spiritualis sensus mysteriis, locus ille
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4643 praecipue videtur esse inaccessibilis propter vehementiam aestus in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4644 locis intermediis ex propinquitate solis. Et hoc significatur per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4645 flammeum gladium, qui versatilis dicitur, propter proprietatem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4646 motus circularis huiusmodi aestum causantis. Et quia motus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4647 corporalis creaturae disponitur ministerio Angelorum, ut patet per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4648 Augustinum, III de Trin.; convenienter etiam simul cum gladio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4649 versatili Cherubin adiungitur, ad custodiendam viam ligni vitae.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4650 Unde Augustinus dicit, XI super Gen. ad Litt., <i>hoc per caelestes
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4651 potestates etiam in Paradiso visibili factum esse credendum est, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4652 per angelicum ministerium esset illic quaedam ignea
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4653 custodia</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4654 <p title="II-II q. 164 a. 2 ad 6"><a name="45658"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4655 "ref">[45658] IIª-IIae, q. 164 a. 2 ad 6</span></a> Ad sextum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4656 dicendum quod homo, si post peccatum de ligno vitae comedisset, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4657 propter hoc immortalitatem recuperasset, sed beneficio illius cibi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4658 potuisset vitam magis prolongare. Unde quod dicitur, et vivat in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4659 aeternum, sumitur ibi aeternum pro diuturno. Hoc autem non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4660 expediebat homini, ut in miseria huius vitae diutius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4661 permaneret.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4662 <p title="II-II q. 164 a. 2 ad 7"><a name="45659"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4663 "ref">[45659] IIª-IIae, q. 164 a. 2 ad 7</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4664 septimum dicendum quod, sicut Augustinus dicit, XI super Gen. ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4665 Litt., <i>verba Dei non tam sunt primis parentibus insultantis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4666 quam ceteros, ne ita superbiant, deterrentis, propter quos ista
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4667 conscripta sunt, quia scilicet non solum Adam non fuit factus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4668 qualis fieri voluit, sed nec illud quod factus fuerat,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4669 conservavit</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4670 <p title="II-II q. 164 a. 2 ad 8"><a name="45660"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4671 "ref">[45660] IIª-IIae, q. 164 a. 2 ad 8</span></a> Ad octavum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4672 dicendum quod vestitus necessarius est homini secundum statum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4673 praesentis miseriae, propter duo, primo quidem, propter defectum ab
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4674 exterioribus nocumentis, puta intemperie caloris et frigoris;
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4675 secundo, ad tegumentum ignominiae, ne turpitudo membrorum appareat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4676 in quibus praecipue manifestatur rebellio carnis ad spiritum. Haec
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4677 autem duo in primo statu non erant. Quia in statu illo corpus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4678 hominis non poterat per aliquid extrinsecum laedi, ut in primo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4679 dictum est. Nec etiam erat in statu illo aliqua turpitudo in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4680 corpore hominis quae confusionem induceret, unde dicitur Genesi,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4681 <i>erat autem uterque nudus</i>, Adam scilicet et uxor eius, et non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4682 erubescebant. Alia autem ratio est de cibo, qui est necessarius ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4683 fomentum caloris naturalis et ad corporis augmentum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4684 <p title="II-II q. 164 a. 2 ad 9"><a name="45661"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4685 "ref">[45661] IIª-IIae, q. 164 a. 2 ad 9</span></a> Ad nonum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4686 dicendum quod, sicut Augustinus dicit, XI super Gen. ad Litt., non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4687 est credendum quod primi parentes essent producti clausis oculis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4688 praecipue cum de muliere dicatur quod <i>vidit lignum, quod esset
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4689 pulchrum et bonum ad vescendum. Aperti ergo sunt oculi amborum ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4690 aliquid intuendum et cogitandum quod antea nunquam adverterant</i>,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4691 scilicet ad invicem concupiscendum, quod ante non fuerat.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4692 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4693 <div class="D">Quaestio 165</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4694 <div class="G">Prooemium</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4695 <p title="II-II q. 165 pr."><a name="45662"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4696 "ref">[45662] IIª-IIae, q. 165 pr.</span></a> Deinde
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4697 considerandum est de tentatione primorum parentum. Circa quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4698 quaeruntur duo. Primo, utrum fuerit conveniens quod homo a Diabolo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4699 tentaretur. Secundo, de modo et ordine illius tentationis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4700 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4701 <div class="E">Articulus 1</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4702 <p title="II-II q. 165 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="45663"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4703 "ref">[45663] IIª-IIae, q. 165 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4704 primum sic proceditur. Videtur quod non fuerit conveniens ut homo a
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4705 Diabolo tentaretur. Eadem enim poena finalis debetur peccato Angeli
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4706 et peccato hominis, secundum illud Matth. XXV, <i>ite, maledicti,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4707 in ignem aeternum, qui paratus est Diabolo et Angelis eius</i>. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4708 primum peccatum Angeli non fuit ex aliqua tentatione exteriori.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4709 Ergo nec primum peccatum hominis debuit esse ex aliqua tentatione
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4710 exteriori.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4711 <p title="II-II q. 165 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="45664"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4712 "ref">[45664] IIª-IIae, q. 165 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4713 Praeterea, Deus, praescius futurorum, sciebat quod homo per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4714 tentationem Daemonis in peccatum deiiceretur, et sic bene sciebat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4715 quod non expediebat ei quod tentaretur. Ergo videtur quod non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4716 fuerit conveniens quod permitteret eum tentari.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4717 <p title="II-II q. 165 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="45665"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4718 "ref">[45665] IIª-IIae, q. 165 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4719 Praeterea, quod aliquis impugnatorem habeat, ad poenam pertinere
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4720 videtur, sicut et e contrario ad praemium pertinere videtur quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4721 impugnatio subtrahatur, secundum illud Prov. XVI, <i>cum placuerint
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4722 domino viae hominis, inimicos quoque eius convertet ad pacem</i>.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4723 Sed poena non debet praecedere culpam. Ergo inconveniens fuit quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4724 homo ante peccatum tentaretur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4725 <p title="II-II q. 165 a. 1 s. c."><a name="45666"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4726 "ref">[45666] IIª-IIae, q. 165 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4727 contra est quod dicitur Eccli. XXXIV, <i>qui non est tentatus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4728 qualia scit?</i></p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4729 <p title="II-II q. 165 a. 1 co."><a name="45667"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4730 "ref">[45667] IIª-IIae, q. 165 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4731 dicendum quod divina sapientia disponit omnia suaviter, ut dicitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4732 Sap. VIII, inquantum scilicet sua providentia singulis attribuit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4733 quae eis competunt secundum suam naturam; quia, ut Dionysius dicit,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4734 IV cap. de Div. Nom., <i>providentiae non est naturam corrumpere,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4735 sed salvare</i>. Hoc autem pertinet ad conditionem humanae naturae,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4736 ut ab aliis creaturis iuvari vel impediri possit. Unde conveniens
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4737 fuit ut Deus hominem in statu innocentiae et tentari permitteret
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4738 per malos Angelos, et iuvari eum faceret per bonos. Ex speciali
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4739 autem beneficio gratiae hoc erat ei collatum, ut nulla creatura
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4740 exterior ei posset nocere contra propriam voluntatem, per quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4741 etiam tentationi Daemonis resistere poterat.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4742 <p title="II-II q. 165 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="45668"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4743 "ref">[45668] IIª-IIae, q. 165 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4744 ergo dicendum quod supra naturam humanam est aliqua natura in qua
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4745 potest malum culpae inveniri, non autem supra naturam angelicam.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4746 Tentare autem inducendo ad malum, non est nisi iam depravati per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4747 culpam. Et ideo conveniens fuit ut homo per Angelum malum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4748 tentaretur ad peccandum, sicut etiam, secundum naturae ordinem, per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4749 Angelum bonum promovetur ad perfectionem. Angelus autem a suo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4750 superiori, scilicet a Deo, in bono perfici potuit, non autem ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4751 peccandum induci, quia, sicut dicitur Iac. I, <i>Deus intentator
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4752 malorum est</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4753 <p title="II-II q. 165 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="45669"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4754 "ref">[45669] IIª-IIae, q. 165 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4755 secundum dicendum quod, sicut Deus sciebat quod homo per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4756 tentationem in peccatum esset deiiciendus, ita etiam sciebat quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4757 per liberum arbitrium resistere poterat tentatori. Hoc autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4758 requirebat conditio naturae ipsius, ut propriae voluntati
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4759 relinqueretur, secundum illud Eccli. XV, <i>Deus reliquit hominem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4760 in manu consilii sui</i>. Unde Augustinus dicit, XI super Gen. ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4761 Litt., <i>non mihi videtur magnae laudis futurum fuisse hominem, si
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4762 propterea posset bene vivere quia nemo male vivere suaderet, cum et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4763 in natura posse, et in potestate haberet velle non consentire
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4764 suadenti</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4765 <p title="II-II q. 165 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="45670"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4766 "ref">[45670] IIª-IIae, q. 165 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4767 dicendum quod impugnatio cui cum difficultate resistitur, poenalis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4768 est. Sed homo in statu innocentiae poterat absque omni difficultate
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4769 tentationi resistere. Et ideo impugnatio tentatoris poenalis ei non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4770 fuit.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4771 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4772 <div class="E">Articulus 2</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4773 <p title="II-II q. 165 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="45671"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4774 "ref">[45671] IIª-IIae, q. 165 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4775 secundum sic proceditur. Videtur quod non fuerit conveniens modus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4776 et ordo primae tentationis. Sicut enim ordine naturae Angelus erat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4777 superior homine, ita et vir erat perfectior muliere. Sed peccatum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4778 pervenit ab Angelo ad hominem. Ergo, pari ratione, debuit pervenire
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4779 a viro in mulierem, ut scilicet mulier per virum tentaretur, et non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4780 e converso.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4781 <p title="II-II q. 165 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="45672"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4782 "ref">[45672] IIª-IIae, q. 165 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4783 Praeterea, tentatio primorum parentum fuit per suggestionem. Potest
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4784 autem Diabolus suggerere homini etiam absque aliqua exteriori
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4785 sensibili creatura. Cum ergo primi parentes essent spirituali mente
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4786 praediti, minus sensibilibus quam intelligibilibus inhaerentes,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4787 convenientius fuisset quod solum spirituali tentatione homo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4788 tentaretur quam exteriori.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4789 <p title="II-II q. 165 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="45673"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4790 "ref">[45673] IIª-IIae, q. 165 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4791 Praeterea, non potest convenienter aliquis malum suggerere nisi per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4792 aliquid quod appareat bonum. Sed multa alia animalia habent maiorem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4793 apparentiam boni quam serpens. Non ergo convenienter tentatus fuit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4794 homo a Diabolo per serpentem.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4795 <p title="II-II q. 165 a. 2 arg. 4"><a name="45674"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4796 "ref">[45674] IIª-IIae, q. 165 a. 2 arg. 4</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4797 Praeterea, serpens est animal irrationale. Sed animali irrationali
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4798 non competit sapientia nec locutio, nec poena. Ergo inconvenienter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4799 inducitur serpens esse callidior cunctis animalibus, vel,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4800 prudentissimus omnium bestiarum, secundum aliam translationem.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4801 Inconvenienter etiam inducitur fuisse mulieri locutus, et a Deo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4802 punitus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4803 <p title="II-II q. 165 a. 2 s. c."><a name="45675"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4804 "ref">[45675] IIª-IIae, q. 165 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4805 contra est quod id quod est primum in aliquo genere, debet esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4806 proportionatum his quae in eodem genere consequuntur. Sed in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4807 quolibet peccato invenitur ordo primae tentationis, inquantum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4808 videlicet praecedit in sensualitate, quae per serpentem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4809 significatur, peccati concupiscentia; in ratione inferiori, quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4810 significatur per mulierem, delectatio; in ratione superiori, quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4811 significatur per virum, consensus peccati; ut Augustinus dicit, XII
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4812 de Trin. Ergo congruus fuit ordo primae tentationis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4813 <p title="II-II q. 165 a. 2 co."><a name="45676"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4814 "ref">[45676] IIª-IIae, q. 165 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4815 dicendum quod homo compositus est ex duplici natura, intellectiva
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4816 scilicet et sensitiva. Et ideo Diabolus in tentatione hominis usus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4817 est incitamento ad peccandum dupliciter. Uno quidem modo, ex parte
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4818 intellectus, inquantum promisit divinitatis similitudinem per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4819 scientiae adeptionem, quam homo naturaliter desiderat. Alio modo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4820 ex parte sensus. Et sic usus est his sensibilibus rebus quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4821 maximam habent affinitatem ad hominem, partim quidem in eadem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4822 specie, tentans virum per mulierem; partim vero in eodem genere,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4823 tentans mulierem per serpentem; partim vero ex genere propinquo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4824 proponens pomum ligni vetiti ad edendum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4825 <p title="II-II q. 165 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="45677"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4826 "ref">[45677] IIª-IIae, q. 165 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4827 ergo dicendum quod in actu tentationis Diabolus erat sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4828 principale agens, sed mulier assumebatur quasi instrumentum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4829 tentationis ad deiiciendum virum. Tum quia mulier erat infirmior
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4830 viro, unde magis seduci poterat. Tum etiam, propter coniunctionem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4831 eius ad virum, maxime per eam Diabolus poterat virum seducere. Non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4832 autem est eadem ratio principalis agentis et instrumenti. Nam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4833 principale agens oportet esse potius, quod non requiritur in agente
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4834 instrumentali.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4835 <p title="II-II q. 165 a. 2 ad 2"><a name="45678"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4836 "ref">[45678] IIª-IIae, q. 165 a. 2 ad 2</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4837 secundum dicendum quod suggestio qua spiritualiter Diabolus aliquid
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4838 homini suggerit, ostendit Diabolus plus habere potestatis in homine
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4839 quam suggestio exterior, quia per suggestionem interiorem immutatur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4840 a Diabolo saltem hominis phantasia, sed per suggestionem exteriorem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4841 immutatur sola exterior creatura. Diabolus autem minimum potestatis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4842 habebat in homine ante peccatum et ideo non potuit eum interiori
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4843 suggestione, sed solum exteriori tentare.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4844 <p title="II-II q. 165 a. 2 ad 3"><a name="45679"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4845 "ref">[45679] IIª-IIae, q. 165 a. 2 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4846 dicendum quod, sicut Augustinus dicit, XI super Gen. ad Litt.,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4847 <i>non debemus opinari quod serpentem sibi, per quem tentaret,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4848 Diabolus eligeret. Sed, cum esset in illo decipiendi cupiditas, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4849 nisi per illud animal potuit per quod posse permissus est</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4850 <p title="II-II q. 165 a. 2 ad 4"><a name="45680"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4851 "ref">[45680] IIª-IIae, q. 165 a. 2 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4852 dicendum quod, sicut Augustinus dicit, XI super Gen. ad Litt.,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4853 <i>serpens dictus est astutus, vel callidus, sive prudens, propter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4854 astutiam Diaboli, quae in illo agebat dolum, sicut dicitur prudens
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4855 vel astuta lingua quam prudens vel astutus movet ad aliquid
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4856 prudenter vel astute suadendum. Neque etiam serpens verborum sonos
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4857 intelligebat qui ex illo fiebant ad mulierem, neque enim conversa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4858 credenda est anima eius in naturam rationalem. Quandoquidem nec
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4859 ipsi homines, quorum rationalis natura est, cum Daemon in eis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4860 loquitur, sciunt quid loquantur. Sic ergo locutus est serpens
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4861 homini sicut asina in qua sedebat Balaam, locuta est homini, nisi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4862 quod illud fuit opus diabolicum, hoc angelicum. Unde serpens non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4863 est interrogatus cur hoc fecerit, quia non in sua natura ipse id
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4864 fecerat, sed Diabolus in illo, qui iam ex peccato suo igni
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4865 destinatus fuerat sempiterno. Quod autem serpenti dicitur, ad eum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4866 qui per serpentem operatus est, refertur</i>. Et sicut Augustinus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4867 dicit, in libro super Gen. contra Manichaeos, <i>nunc quidem eius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4868 poena, idest Diaboli, dicitur qua nobis cavendus est, non ea quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4869 ultimo iudicio reservatur</i>. Per hoc enim quod ei dicitur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4870 <i>maledictus es inter omnia animantia et bestias terrae, pecora
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4871 illi praeponuntur, non in potestate, sed in conservatione naturae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4872 suae, quia pecora non amiserunt beatitudinem aliquam caelestem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4873 quam nunquam habuerunt, sed in sua natura quam acceperunt, peragunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4874 vitam</i>. Dicitur etiam ei, pectore et ventre repes, secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4875 aliam litteram. Ubi <i>nomine pectoris significatur superbia, quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4876 ibi dominatur impetus animae, nomine autem ventris significatur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4877 carnale desiderium, quia haec pars mollior sentitur in corpore. His
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4878 autem rebus serpit ad eos quos vult decipere</i>. Quod autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4879 dicitur, <i>terram comedes cunctis diebus vitae tuae, duobus modis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4880 intelligi potest. Vel, ad te pertinebunt quos terrena cupiditate
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4881 deceperis, idest peccatores, qui terrae nomine significantur. Vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4882 tertium genus tentationis his verbis figuratur, quod est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4883 curiositas, terram enim qui manducat, profunda et tenebrosa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4884 penetrat</i>. Per hoc autem quod inimicitiae ponuntur inter ipsum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4885 et mulierem, <i>ostenditur non posse nos a Diabolo tentari nisi per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4886 illam animalem partem quae quasi mulieris imaginem in homine
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4887 ostendit. Semen autem Diaboli est perversa suggestio, semen
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4888 mulieris, fructus boni operis, quod perversae suggestioni resistit.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4889 Et ideo observat serpens plantam mulieris, ut, si quando in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4890 illicita illabitur, delectatio illam capiat, et illa observat caput
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4891 eius, ut eum in ipso initio malae suasionis excludat</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4892 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4893 <div class="D">Quaestio 166</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4894 <div class="G">Prooemium</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4895 <p title="II-II q. 166 pr."><a name="45681"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4896 "ref">[45681] IIª-IIae, q. 166 pr.</span></a> Deinde
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4897 considerandum est de studiositate, et curiositate sibi opposita.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4898 Circa studiositatem autem quaeruntur duo. Primo, quae sit materia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4899 studiositatis. Secundo, utrum sit pars temperantiae.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4900 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4901 <div class="E">Articulus 1</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4902 <p title="II-II q. 166 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="45682"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4903 "ref">[45682] IIª-IIae, q. 166 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4904 primum sic proceditur. Videtur quod materia studiositatis non sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4905 proprie cognitio. Studiosus enim dicitur aliquis ex eo quod adhibet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4906 studium aliquibus rebus. Sed in qualibet materia debet homo studium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4907 adhibere, ad hoc quod recte faciat quod est faciendum. Ergo videtur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4908 quod non sit specialis materia studiositatis cognitio.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4909 <p title="II-II q. 166 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="45683"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4910 "ref">[45683] IIª-IIae, q. 166 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4911 Praeterea, studiositas curiositati opponitur. Sed curiositas, quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4912 a cura dicitur, potest esse etiam circa ornatum vestium, et circa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4913 alia huiusmodi quae pertinent ad corpus, unde apostolus dicit, Rom.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4914 XIII, <i>carnis curam ne feceritis in desideriis</i>. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4915 studiositas non est solum circa cognitionem.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4916 <p title="II-II q. 166 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="45684"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4917 "ref">[45684] IIª-IIae, q. 166 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4918 Praeterea, Ierem. VI dicitur, <i>a minori usque ad maiorem, omnes
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4919 avaritiae student</i>. Sed avaritia non est proprie circa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4920 cognitionem, sed magis circa possessionem divitiarum, ut supra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4921 habitum est. Ergo studiositas, quae a studio dicitur, non est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4922 proprie circa cognitionem.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4923 <p title="II-II q. 166 a. 1 s. c."><a name="45685"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4924 "ref">[45685] IIª-IIae, q. 166 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4925 contra est quod dicitur Prov. XXVII, <i>stude sapientiae, fili mi,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4926 et laetifica cor meum, ut possis respondere sermonem</i>. Sed eadem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4927 studiositas est quae laudatur ut virtus, et ad quam lex invitat.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4928 Ergo studiositas proprie est circa cognitionem.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4929 <p title="II-II q. 166 a. 1 co."><a name="45686"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4930 "ref">[45686] IIª-IIae, q. 166 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4931 dicendum quod studium praecipue importat vehementem applicationem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4932 mentis ad aliquid. Mens autem non applicatur ad aliquid nisi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4933 cognoscendo illud. Unde per prius mens applicatur ad cognitionem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4934 secundario autem applicatur ad ea in quibus homo per cognitionem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4935 dirigitur. Et ideo studium per prius respicit cognitionem, et per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4936 posterius quaecumque alia ad quae operanda directione cognitionis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4937 indigemus. Virtutes autem proprie sibi attribuunt illam materiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4938 circa quam primo et principaliter sunt, sicut fortitudo pericula
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4939 mortis, et temperantia delectationem tactus. Et ideo studiositas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4940 proprie dicitur circa cognitionem.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4941 <p title="II-II q. 166 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="45687"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4942 "ref">[45687] IIª-IIae, q. 166 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4943 ergo dicendum quod circa alias materias non potest aliquid recte
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4944 fieri, nisi secundum quod est praeordinatum per rationem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4945 cognoscentem. Et ideo per prius studiositas cognitionem respicit,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4946 cuicumque materiae studium adhibeatur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4947 <p title="II-II q. 166 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="45688"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4948 "ref">[45688] IIª-IIae, q. 166 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4949 secundum dicendum quod ex affectu hominis trahitur mens eius ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4950 intendendum his ad quae afficitur, secundum illud Matth. VI, <i>ubi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4951 est thesaurus tuus, ibi est et cor tuum</i>. Et quia ad ea quibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4952 caro fovetur, maxime homo afficitur, consequens est quod cogitatio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4953 hominis versetur praecipue circa ea quibus caro fovetur, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4954 scilicet homo inquirat qualiter homo optime possit carni suae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4955 subvenire. Et secundum hoc, curiositas ponitur circa ea quae ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4956 carnem pertinent, ratione eorum quae ad cognitionem pertinent.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4957 <p title="II-II q. 166 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="45689"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4958 "ref">[45689] IIª-IIae, q. 166 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4959 dicendum quod avaritia inhiat ad lucra conquirenda, ad quod maxime
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4960 necessaria est quaedam peritia terrenarum rerum. Et secundum hoc,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4961 studium attribuitur his quae ad avaritiam spectant.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4962 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4963 <div class="E">Articulus 2</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4964 <p title="II-II q. 166 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="45690"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4965 "ref">[45690] IIª-IIae, q. 166 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4966 secundum sic proceditur. Videtur quod studiositas non sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4967 temperantiae pars. Studiosus enim dicitur aliquis secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4968 studiositatem. Sed universaliter omnis virtuosus vocatur studiosus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4969 ut patet per philosophum, qui frequenter sic utitur nomine
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4970 studiosi. Ergo studiositas est generalis virtus, et non est pars
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4971 temperantiae.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4972 <p title="II-II q. 166 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="45691"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4973 "ref">[45691] IIª-IIae, q. 166 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4974 Praeterea, studiositas, sicut dictum est, ad cognitionem pertinet.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4975 Sed cognitio non pertinet ad virtutes morales, quae sunt in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4976 appetitiva animae parte, sed magis ad intellectuales, quae sunt in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4977 parte cognoscitiva, unde et sollicitudo est actus prudentiae, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4978 supra habitum est. Ergo studiositas non est pars temperantiae.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4979 <p title="II-II q. 166 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="45692"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4980 "ref">[45692] IIª-IIae, q. 166 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4981 Praeterea, virtus quae ponitur pars alicuius principalis virtutis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4982 assimilatur ei quantum ad modum. Sed studiositas non assimilatur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4983 temperantiae quantum ad modum. Quia temperantiae nomen sumitur ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4984 quadam refrenatione, unde magis opponitur vitio quod est in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4985 excessu. Nomen autem studiositatis sumitur e contrario ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4986 applicatione animae ad aliquid, unde magis videtur opponi vitio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4987 quod est in defectu, scilicet negligentiae studendi, quam vitio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4988 quod est in excessu, scilicet curiositati. Unde, propter horum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4989 similitudinem, dicit Isidorus, in libro Etymol., quod studiosus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4990 dicitur quasi studiis curiosus. Ergo studiositas non est pars
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4991 temperantiae.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4992 <p title="II-II q. 166 a. 2 s. c."><a name="45693"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4993 "ref">[45693] IIª-IIae, q. 166 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4994 contra est quod Augustinus dicit, in libro de moribus Eccle.,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4995 <i>curiosi esse prohibemur, quod magnae temperantiae munus est</i>.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4996 Sed curiositas prohibetur per studiositatem moderatam. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4997 studiositas est pars temperantiae.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4998 <p title="II-II q. 166 a. 2 co."><a name="45694"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4999 "ref">[45694] IIª-IIae, q. 166 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5000 dicendum quod, sicut supra dictum est, ad temperantiam pertinet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5001 moderari motum appetitus, ne superflue tendat in id quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5002 naturaliter concupiscitur. Sicut autem naturaliter homo concupiscit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5003 delectationes ciborum et venereorum secundum naturam corporalem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5004 ita secundum animam naturaliter desiderat cognoscere aliquid, unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5005 et philosophus dicit, in I Metaphys., quod <i>omnes homines
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5006 naturaliter scire desiderant</i>. Moderatio autem huius appetitus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5007 pertinet ad virtutem studiositatis. Unde consequens est quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5008 studiositas sit pars potentialis temperantiae, sicut virtus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5009 secundaria ei adiuncta ut principali virtuti. Et comprehenditur sub
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5010 modestia, ratione superius dicta.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5011 <p title="II-II q. 166 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="45695"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5012 "ref">[45695] IIª-IIae, q. 166 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5013 ergo dicendum quod prudentia est completiva omnium virtutum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5014 moralium, ut dicitur in VI Ethic. Inquantum igitur cognitio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5015 prudentiae ad omnes virtutes pertinet, intantum nomen
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5016 studiositatis, quae proprie circa cognitionem est, ad omnes
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5017 virtutes derivatur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5018 <p title="II-II q. 166 a. 2 ad 2"><a name="45696"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5019 "ref">[45696] IIª-IIae, q. 166 a. 2 ad 2</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5020 secundum dicendum quod actus cognoscitivae virtutis imperatur a vi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5021 appetitiva, quae est motiva omnium virium, ut supra habitum est. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5022 ideo circa cognitionem duplex bonum potest attendi. Unum quidem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5023 quantum ad ipsum actum cognitionis. Et tale bonum pertinet ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5024 virtutes intellectuales, ut scilicet homo circa singula aestimet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5025 verum. Aliud autem est bonum quod pertinet ad actum appetitivae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5026 virtutis, ut scilicet homo habeat appetitum rectum applicandi vim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5027 cognoscitivam sic vel aliter, ad hoc vel ad illud. Et hoc pertinet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5028 ad virtutem studiositatis. Unde computatur inter virtutes
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5029 morales.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5030 <p title="II-II q. 166 a. 2 ad 3"><a name="45697"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5031 "ref">[45697] IIª-IIae, q. 166 a. 2 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5032 dicendum quod, sicut philosophus dicit, in II Ethic., ad hoc quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5033 homo fiat virtuosus, oportet quod servet se ab his ad quae maxime
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5034 inclinat natura. Et inde est quod, quia natura praecipue inclinat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5035 ad timendum mortis pericula et ad sectandum delectabilia carnis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5036 quod laus virtutis fortitudinis praecipue consistit in quadam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5037 firmitate persistendi contra huiusmodi pericula, et laus virtutis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5038 temperantiae in quadam refrenatione a delectabilibus carnis. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5039 quantum ad cognitionem, est in homine contraria inclinatio. Quia ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5040 parte animae, inclinatur homo ad hoc quod cognitionem rerum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5041 desideret, et sic oportet ut homo laudabiliter huiusmodi appetitum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5042 refrenet, ne immoderate rerum cognitioni intendat. Ex parte vero
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5043 naturae corporalis, homo inclinatur ad hoc ut laborem inquirendi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5044 scientiam vitet. Quantum igitur ad primum, studiositas in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5045 refrenatione consistit, et secundum hoc ponitur pars temperantiae.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5046 Sed quantum ad secundum laus huius virtutis consistit in quadam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5047 vehementia intentionis ad scientiam rerum percipiendam, et ex hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5048 nominatur. Primum autem est essentialius huic virtuti quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5049 secundum. Nam appetitus cognoscendi per se respicit cognitionem, ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5050 quam ordinatur studiositas. Sed labor addiscendi est impedimentum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5051 quoddam cognitionis, unde respicitur ab hac virtute per accidens,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5052 quasi removendo prohibens.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5053 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5054 <div class="D">Quaestio 167</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5055 <div class="G">Prooemium</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5056 <p title="II-II q. 167 pr."><a name="45698"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5057 "ref">[45698] IIª-IIae, q. 167 pr.</span></a> Deinde
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5058 considerandum est de curiositate. Et circa hoc quaeruntur duo.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5059 Primo, utrum vitium curiositatis possit esse in cognitione
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5060 intellectiva. Secundo, utrum sit in cognitione sensitiva.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5061 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5062 <div class="E">Articulus 1</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5063 <p title="II-II q. 167 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="45699"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5064 "ref">[45699] IIª-IIae, q. 167 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5065 primum sic proceditur. Videtur quod circa cognitionem intellectivam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5066 non possit esse curiositas. Quia secundum philosophum, in II
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5067 Ethic., in his quae secundum se sunt bona vel mala, non possunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5068 accipi medium et extrema. Sed cognitio intellectiva secundum se est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5069 bona, in hoc enim perfectio hominis videtur consistere, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5070 intellectus eius de potentia reducatur in actum, quod fit per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5071 cognitionem veritatis. Dionysius etiam dicit, IV cap. de Div. Nom.,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5072 quod <i>bonum animae humanae est secundum rationem esse</i>, cuius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5073 perfectio in cognitione veritatis consistit. Ergo circa cognitionem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5074 intellectivam non potest esse vitium curiositatis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5075 <p title="II-II q. 167 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="45700"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5076 "ref">[45700] IIª-IIae, q. 167 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5077 Praeterea, illud per quod homo similatur Deo, et quod a Deo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5078 consequitur, non potest esse malum. Sed quaecumque abundantia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5079 cognitionis a Deo est, secundum illud Eccli. I, <i>omnis sapientia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5080 a domino Deo est</i>. Et Sap. VII dicitur, <i>ipse dedit mihi horum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5081 quae sunt scientiam veram, ut sciam dispositionem orbis terrarum et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5082 virtutes elementorum</i>, et cetera. Per hoc etiam homo Deo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5083 assimilatur, quod veritatem cognoscit, quia omnia nuda et aperta
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5084 sunt oculis eius, ut habetur ad Heb. IV. Unde et I Reg. II dicitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5085 quod <i>Deus scientiarum dominus est</i>, ergo, quantumcumque
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5086 abundet cognitio veritatis, non est mala, sed bona. Appetitus autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5087 boni non est vitiosus. Ergo circa intellectivam cognitionem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5088 veritatis non potest esse vitium curiositatis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5089 <p title="II-II q. 167 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="45701"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5090 "ref">[45701] IIª-IIae, q. 167 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5091 Praeterea, si circa aliquam intellectivam cognitionem posset esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5092 curiositatis vitium, praecipue esset circa philosophicas scientias.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5093 Sed eis intendere non videtur esse vitiosum, dicit enim Hieronymus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5094 super Danielem, <i>qui de mensa et vino regis noluerunt comedere ne
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5095 polluantur, si sapientiam atque doctrinam Babyloniorum scirent esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5096 peccatum, nunquam acquiescerent discere quod non licebat</i>. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5097 Augustinus dicit, in II de Doctr. Christ., quod, <i>si qua vera
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5098 philosophi dixerunt, ab eis sunt, tanquam ab iniustis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5099 possessoribus, in usum nostrum vindicanda</i>. Non ergo circa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5100 cognitionem intellectivam potest esse curiositas vitiosa.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5101 <p title="II-II q. 167 a. 1 s. c."><a name="45702"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5102 "ref">[45702] IIª-IIae, q. 167 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5103 contra est quod Hieronymus dicit, <i>nonne vobis videtur in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5104 vanitate sensus et obscuritate mentis ingredi qui diebus ac
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5105 noctibus in dialectica arte torquetur, qui physicus perscrutator
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5106 oculos trans caelum levat?</i> Sed vanitas sensus et obscuritas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5107 mentis est vitiosa. Ergo circa intellectivas scientias potest esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5108 curiositas vitiosa.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5109 <p title="II-II q. 167 a. 1 co."><a name="45703"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5110 "ref">[45703] IIª-IIae, q. 167 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5111 dicendum quod, sicut dictum est, studiositas non est directe circa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5112 ipsam cognitionem, sed circa appetitum et studium cognitionis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5113 acquirendae. Aliter autem est iudicandum de ipsa cognitione
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5114 veritatis, et aliter de appetitu et studio veritatis cognoscendae.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5115 Ipsa enim veritatis cognitio, per se loquendo, bona est. Potest
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5116 autem per accidens esse mala, ratione scilicet alicuius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5117 consequentis, vel inquantum scilicet aliquis de cognitione
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5118 veritatis superbit, secundum illud I ad Cor. VIII, scientia inflat;
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5119 vel inquantum homo utitur cognitione veritatis ad peccandum. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5120 ipse appetitus vel studium cognoscendae veritatis potest habere
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5121 rectitudinem vel perversitatem. Uno quidem modo, prout aliquis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5122 tendit suo studio in cognitionem veritatis prout per accidens
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5123 coniungitur ei malum, sicut illi qui student ad scientiam veritatis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5124 ut exinde superbiant. Unde Augustinus dicit, in libro de moribus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5125 Eccle., <i>sunt qui, desertis virtutibus, et nescientes quid sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5126 Deus et quanta sit maiestas semper eodem modo manentis naturae,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5127 magnum aliquid se agere putant si universam istam corporis molem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5128 quam mundum nuncupamus, curiosissime intentissimeque perquirant.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5129 Unde etiam tanta superbia gignitur ut in ipso caelo, de quo saepe
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5130 disputant, sibimet habitare videantur</i>. Similiter etiam illi qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5131 student addiscere aliquid ad peccandum, vitiosum studium habent,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5132 secundum illud Ierem. IX, <i>docuerunt linguam suam loqui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5133 mendacium, ut inique agerent, laboraverunt</i>. Alio autem modo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5134 potest esse vitium ex ipsa inordinatione appetitus et studii
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5135 addiscendi veritatem. Et hoc quadrupliciter. Uno modo, inquantum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5136 per studium minus utile retrahuntur a studio quod eis ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5137 necessitate incumbit. Unde Hieronymus dicit, <i>sacerdotes,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5138 dimissis Evangeliis et prophetiis, videmus comoedias legere, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5139 amatoria bucolicorum versuum verba cantare</i>. Alio modo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5140 inquantum studet aliquis addiscere ab eo a quo non licet, sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5141 patet de his qui aliqua futura a Daemonibus perquirunt, quae est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5142 superstitiosa curiositas. De quo Augustinus dicit, in libro de vera
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5143 Relig., <i>nescio an philosophi impedirentur a fide vitio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5144 curiositatis in percunctandis Daemonibus</i>. Tertio, quando homo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5145 appetit cognoscere veritatem circa creaturas non referendo ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5146 debitum finem, scilicet ad cognitionem Dei. Unde Augustinus dicit,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5147 in libro de vera Relig., quod <i>in consideratione creaturarum non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5148 est vana et peritura curiositas exercenda, sed gradus ad immortalia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5149 et semper manentia faciendus</i>. Quarto modo, inquantum aliquis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5150 studet ad cognoscendam veritatem supra proprii ingenii facultatem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5151 quia per hoc homines de facili in errores labuntur. Unde dicitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5152 Eccli. III, <i>altiora te ne quaesieris, et fortiora ne scrutatus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5153 fueris, et in pluribus operibus eius ne fueris curiosus</i>; et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5154 postea sequitur, <i>multos enim supplantavit suspicio eorum, et in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5155 vanitate detinuit sensus eorum</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5156 <p title="II-II q. 167 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="45704"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5157 "ref">[45704] IIª-IIae, q. 167 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5158 ergo dicendum quod bonum hominis consistit in cognitione veri, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5159 tamen summum hominis bonum consistit in cognitione cuiuslibet veri,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5160 sed in perfecta cognitione summae veritatis, ut patet per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5161 philosophum, in X Ethic. Et ideo potest esse vitium in cognitione
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5162 aliquorum verorum, secundum quod talis appetitus non debito modo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5163 ordinatur ad cognitionem summae veritatis, in qua consistit summa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5164 felicitas.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5165 <p title="II-II q. 167 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="45705"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5166 "ref">[45705] IIª-IIae, q. 167 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5167 secundum dicendum quod ratio illa ostendit quod cognitio veritatis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5168 secundum se sit bona, non tamen per hoc excluditur quin possit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5169 aliquis cognitione veritatis abuti ad malum, vel etiam inordinate
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5170 cognitionem veritatis appetere; quia etiam oportet appetitum boni
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5171 debito modo regulatum esse.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5172 <p title="II-II q. 167 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="45706"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5173 "ref">[45706] IIª-IIae, q. 167 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5174 dicendum quod studium philosophiae secundum se est licitum et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5175 laudabile, propter veritatem quam philosophi perceperunt, Deo illis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5176 revelante, ut dicitur Rom. I. Sed quia quidam philosophi abutuntur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5177 ad fidei impugnationem, ideo apostolus dicit, ad Coloss. II,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5178 <i>videte ne quis vos decipiat per philosophiam et inanem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5179 scientiam, secundum traditionem hominum, et non secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5180 Christum</i>. Et Dionysius dicit, in epistola ad Polycarpum, de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5181 quibusdam philosophis, quod <i>divinis non sancte contra divina
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5182 utuntur, per sapientiam Dei tentantes expellere divinam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5183 venerationem</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5184 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5185 <div class="E">Articulus 2</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5186 <p title="II-II q. 167 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="45707"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5187 "ref">[45707] IIª-IIae, q. 167 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5188 secundum sic proceditur. Videtur quod vitium curiositatis non sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5189 circa sensitivam cognitionem. Sicut enim aliqua cognoscuntur per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5190 sensum visus, ita etiam aliqua cognoscuntur per sensum tactus et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5191 gustus. Sed circa tangibilia et gustabilia non ponitur vitium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5192 curiositatis, sed magis vitium luxuriae aut gulae. Ergo videtur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5193 quod nec circa ea quae cognoscuntur per visum, sit vitium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5194 curiositatis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5195 <p title="II-II q. 167 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="45708"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5196 "ref">[45708] IIª-IIae, q. 167 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5197 Praeterea, curiositas esse videtur in inspectione ludorum, unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5198 Augustinus dicit, in VI Confess., quod, <i>quodam pugnae casu, cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5199 clamor ingens totius populi vehementer Alypium pulsasset,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5200 curiositate victus, aperuit oculos</i>. Sed inspectio ludorum non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5201 videtur esse vitiosa, quia huiusmodi inspectio delectabilis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5202 redditur propter repraesentationem, in qua homo naturaliter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5203 delectatur, ut philosophus dicit, in sua poetria. Non ergo circa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5204 sensibilium cognitionem est vitium curiositatis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5205 <p title="II-II q. 167 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="45709"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5206 "ref">[45709] IIª-IIae, q. 167 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5207 Praeterea, ad curiositatem pertinere videtur actus proximorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5208 perquirere, ut dicit Beda. Sed perquirere facta aliorum non videtur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5209 esse vitiosum, quia sicut dicitur Eccli. XVII, <i>unicuique
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5210 mandavit Deus de proximo suo</i>. Ergo vitium curiositatis non est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5211 in huiusmodi particularibus sensibilibus cognoscendis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5212 <p title="II-II q. 167 a. 2 s. c."><a name="45710"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5213 "ref">[45710] IIª-IIae, q. 167 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5214 contra est quod Augustinus dicit, in libro de vera Relig., quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5215 <i>concupiscentia oculorum reddit homines curiosos</i>. Ut autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5216 dicit Beda, concupiscentia oculorum est non solum in discendis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5217 magicis artibus, sed etiam in contemplandis spectaculis, et in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5218 dignoscendis et carpendis vitiis proximorum, quae sunt quaedam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5219 particularia sensibilia. Cum ergo concupiscentia oculorum sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5220 quoddam vitium, sicut etiam superbia vitae et concupiscentia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5221 carnis, contra quae dividitur, I Ioan. II; videtur quod vitium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5222 curiositatis sit circa sensibilium cognitionem.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5223 <p title="II-II q. 167 a. 2 co."><a name="45711"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5224 "ref">[45711] IIª-IIae, q. 167 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5225 dicendum quod cognitio sensitiva ordinatur ad duo. Uno enim modo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5226 tam in hominibus quam in aliis animalibus, ordinatur ad corporis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5227 sustentationem, quia per huiusmodi cognitionem homines et alia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5228 animalia vitant nociva, et conquirunt ea quae sunt necessaria ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5229 corporis sustentationem. Alio modo, specialiter in homine ordinatur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5230 ad cognitionem intellectivam, vel speculativam vel practicam.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5231 Apponere ergo studium circa sensibilia cognoscenda, dupliciter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5232 potest esse vitiosum. Uno modo, inquantum cognitio sensitiva non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5233 ordinatur in aliquid utile, sed potius avertit hominem ab aliqua
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5234 utili consideratione. Unde Augustinus dicit, in X Confess.,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5235 <i>canem currentem post leporem iam non specto cum in circo fit. At
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5236 vero in agro, si casu transeam, avertit me fortassis ab aliqua
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5237 magna cogitatione, atque ad se convertit illa venatio, et nisi iam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5238 mihi demonstrata infirmitate mea, cito admoneas, vanus hebesco</i>.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5239 Alio modo, inquantum cognitio sensitiva ordinatur ad aliquod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5240 noxium, sicut inspectio mulieris ordinatur ad concupiscendum; et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5241 diligens inquisitio eorum quae ab aliis fiunt, ordinatur ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5242 detrahendum. Si quis autem cognitioni sensibilium intendit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5243 ordinate, propter necessitatem sustentandae naturae, vel propter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5244 studium intelligendae veritatis, est virtuosa studiositas circa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5245 sensibilem cognitionem.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5246 <p title="II-II q. 167 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="45712"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5247 "ref">[45712] IIª-IIae, q. 167 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5248 ergo dicendum quod luxuria et gula sunt circa delectationes quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5249 sunt in usu rerum tangibilium. Sed circa delectationem cognitionis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5250 omnium sensuum est curiositas. <i>Et vocatur concupiscentia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5251 oculorum, quia oculi sunt ad cognoscendum in sensibus principales,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5252 unde omnia sensibilia videri dicuntur</i>, ut Augustinus dicit, in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5253 X Confess. Et sicut Augustinus ibidem subdit, <i>ex hoc evidentius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5254 discernitur quid voluptatis, quid curiositatis agatur per sensus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5255 quod voluptas pulchra, suavia, canora, sapida, lenia sectatur;
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5256 curiositas autem etiam his contraria, tentandi causa, non ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5257 subeundam molestiam, sed experiendi noscendique libidinem</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5258 <p title="II-II q. 167 a. 2 ad 2"><a name="45713"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5259 "ref">[45713] IIª-IIae, q. 167 a. 2 ad 2</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5260 secundum dicendum quod inspectio spectaculorum vitiosa redditur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5261 inquantum per hoc homo fit pronus ad vitia vel lasciviae vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5262 crudelitatis, per ea quae ibi repraesentantur. Unde Chrysostomus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5263 dicit quod <i>adulteros et inverecundos constituunt tales
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5264 inspectiones</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5265 <p title="II-II q. 167 a. 2 ad 3"><a name="45714"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5266 "ref">[45714] IIª-IIae, q. 167 a. 2 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5267 dicendum quod prospicere facta aliorum bono animo, vel ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5268 utilitatem propriam, ut scilicet homo ex bonis operibus proximi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5269 provocetur ad melius, vel etiam ad utilitatem illius, ut scilicet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5270 corrigatur si quid ab eo agitur vitiose, secundum regulam caritatis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5271 et debitum officii, est laudabile, secundum illud Heb. X,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5272 <i>considerate vos invicem in provocationem caritatis et bonorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5273 operum</i>. Sed quod aliquis intendit ad consideranda vitia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5274 proximorum ad despiciendum vel detrahendum, vel saltem inutiliter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5275 inquietandum, est vitiosum. Unde dicitur Prov. XXIV, <i>ne
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5276 insidieris et quaeras iniquitatem in domo iusti, neque vastes
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5277 requiem eius</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5278 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5279 <div class="D">Quaestio 168</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5280 <div class="G">Prooemium</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5281 <p title="II-II q. 168 pr."><a name="45715"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5282 "ref">[45715] IIª-IIae, q. 168 pr.</span></a> Deinde
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5283 considerandum est de modestia secundum quod consistit in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5284 exterioribus motibus corporis. Et circa hoc quaeruntur quatuor.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5285 Primo, utrum in exterioribus motibus corporis qui serio aguntur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5286 possit esse virtus et vitium. Secundo, utrum possit esse aliqua
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5287 virtus circa actiones ludi. Tertio, de peccato quod fit ex excessu
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5288 ludi. Quarto, de peccato ex defectu ludi.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5289 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5290 <div class="E">Articulus 1</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5291 <p title="II-II q. 168 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="45716"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5292 "ref">[45716] IIª-IIae, q. 168 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5293 primum sic proceditur. Videtur quod in exterioribus motibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5294 corporis non sit aliqua virtus. Omnis enim virtus pertinet ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5295 spiritualem animae decorem, secundum illud Psalmi, <i>omnis gloria
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5296 eius filiae regis ab intus</i>, Glossa, idest, in conscientia. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5297 motus corporales non sunt ab intus, sed exterius. Ergo circa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5298 huiusmodi motus non potest esse virtus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5299 <p title="II-II q. 168 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="45717"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5300 "ref">[45717] IIª-IIae, q. 168 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5301 <i>Praeterea, virtutes non sunt nobis a natura</i>, ut patet per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5302 philosophum, in II Ethic. Sed motus corporales exteriores sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5303 hominibus a natura, secundum quam quidam sunt velocis motus et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5304 quidam tardi motus, et idem est de aliis differentiis exteriorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5305 motuum. Ergo circa tales motus non attenditur aliqua virtus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5306 <p title="II-II q. 168 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="45718"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5307 "ref">[45718] IIª-IIae, q. 168 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5308 Praeterea, omnis virtus moralis est circa actiones quae sunt ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5309 alterum, sicut iustitia, vel circa passiones, sicut temperantia et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5310 fortitudo. Sed exteriores motus corporales non sunt ad alterum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5311 usum, neque etiam sunt passiones. Ergo circa eos non est aliqua
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5312 virtus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5313 <p title="II-II q. 168 a. 1 arg. 4"><a name="45719"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5314 "ref">[45719] IIª-IIae, q. 168 a. 1 arg. 4</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5315 Praeterea, in omni opere virtutis est studium adhibendum, ut supra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5316 dictum est. Sed adhibere studium in dispositione exteriorum motuum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5317 est vituperabile, dicit enim Ambrosius, in I de Offic., <i>est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5318 gressus probabilis in quo sit species auctoritatis, gravitatisque
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5319 pondus, tranquillitatis vestigium, ita tamen si studium desit atque
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5320 affectatio, sed motus sit purus ac simplex</i>. Ergo videtur quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5321 circa compositionem exteriorum motuum non consistat virtus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5322 <p title="II-II q. 168 a. 1 s. c."><a name="45720"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5323 "ref">[45720] IIª-IIae, q. 168 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5324 contra est quod decor honestatis pertinet ad virtutem. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5325 compositio exteriorum motuum pertinet ad decorem honestatis, dicit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5326 enim Ambrosius, in I de Offic., <i>sicut molliculum et infractum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5327 aut vocis sonum aut gestum corporis non probo, ita neque agrestem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5328 aut rusticum. Naturam imitemur, effigies eius formula disciplinae,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5329 forma honestatis est</i>. Ergo circa compositionem exteriorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5330 motuum est virtus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5331 <p title="II-II q. 168 a. 1 co."><a name="45721"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5332 "ref">[45721] IIª-IIae, q. 168 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5333 dicendum quod virtus moralis consistit in hoc quod ea quae sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5334 hominis per rationem ordinantur. Manifestum est autem quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5335 exteriores motus hominis sunt per rationem ordinabiles, quia ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5336 imperium rationis exteriora membra moventur. Unde manifestum est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5337 quod circa horum motuum ordinationem virtus moralis consistit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5338 ordinatio autem horum motuum attenditur quantum ad duo, uno quidem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5339 modo, secundum convenientiam personae; alio modo, secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5340 convenientiam ad exteriores personas, negotia seu loca. Unde dicit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5341 Ambrosius, in I de Offic., <i>hoc est pulchritudinem vivendi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5342 tenere, convenientia cuique sexui et personae reddere</i>, et hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5343 pertinet ad primum. Quantum autem ad secundum, subditur, <i>hic
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5344 ordo gestorum optimus, hic ornatus ad omnem actionem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5345 accommodus</i>. Et ideo circa huiusmodi exteriores motus ponit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5346 Andronicus duo. Scilicet ornatum, qui respicit convenientiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5347 personae, unde dicit quod est scientia circa decens in motu et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5348 habitudine. Et bonam ordinationem, quae respicit convenientiam ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5349 diversa negotia et ea quae circumstant, unde dicit quod est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5350 experientia separationis, idest distinctionis, actionum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5351 <p title="II-II q. 168 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="45722"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5352 "ref">[45722] IIª-IIae, q. 168 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5353 ergo dicendum quod motus exteriores sunt quaedam signa interioris
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5354 dispositionis, secundum illud Eccli. XIX, <i>amictus corporis, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5355 risus dentium, et ingressus hominis, enuntiant de illo</i>. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5356 Ambrosius dicit, in I de Offic., quod <i>habitus mentis in corporis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5357 statu cernitur, et quod vox quaedam animi est corporis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5358 motus</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5359 <p title="II-II q. 168 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="45723"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5360 "ref">[45723] IIª-IIae, q. 168 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5361 secundum dicendum quod, quamvis ex naturali dispositione habeat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5362 homo aptitudinem ad hanc vel illam dispositionem exteriorum motuum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5363 tamen quod deest naturae, potest suppleri ex industria rationis.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5364 Unde Ambrosius dicit, in I de Offic., <i>motum natura informat, si
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5365 quid sane in natura vitii est, industria emendet</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5366 <p title="II-II q. 168 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="45724"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5367 "ref">[45724] IIª-IIae, q. 168 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5368 dicendum quod, sicut dictum est, exteriores motus sunt quaedam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5369 signa interioris dispositionis, quae praecipue attenditur secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5370 animae passiones. Et ideo moderatio exteriorum motuum requirit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5371 moderationem interiorum passionum. Unde Ambrosius dicit, in I de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5372 Offic., quod hinc, scilicet ex motibus exterioribus, <i>homo cordis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5373 nostri absconditus aut levior aut iactanctior aut turbidior, aut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5374 gravior et constantior et purior et maturior aestimatur</i>. Per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5375 motus etiam exteriores alii homines de nobis iudicium capiunt,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5376 secundum illud Eccli. XIX, <i>ex visu cognoscitur vir, et ab
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5377 occursu faciei cognoscitur sensatus</i>. Et ideo moderatio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5378 exteriorum motuum quodammodo ad alios ordinatur, secundum illud
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5379 quod Augustinus dicit, in regula, <i>in omnibus motibus vestris
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5380 nihil fiat quod cuiusquam offendat aspectum, sed quod vestram
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5381 deceat sanctitatem</i>. Et ideo moderatio exteriorum motuum potest
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5382 reduci ad duas virtutes quas philosophus tangit in IV Ethic.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5383 Inquantum enim per exteriores motus ordinamur ad alios, pertinet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5384 exteriorum motuum moderatio ad amicitiam vel affabilitatem, quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5385 attenditur circa delectationes et tristitias quae sunt in verbis et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5386 factis in ordine ad alios quibus homo convivit. Inquantum vero
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5387 exteriores motus sunt signa interioris dispositionis, pertinet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5388 eorum moderatio ad virtutem veritatis, secundum quam aliquis talem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5389 se exhibet in verbis et factis qualis est interius.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5390 <p title="II-II q. 168 a. 1 ad 4"><a name="45725"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5391 "ref">[45725] IIª-IIae, q. 168 a. 1 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5392 dicendum quod in compositione exteriorum motuum studium vituperatur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5393 per quod aliquis fictione quadam in exterioribus motibus utitur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5394 ita quod interiori dispositioni non conveniant. Debet tamen tale
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5395 studium adhiberi ut, si quid in eis inordinatum est, corrigatur.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5396 Unde Ambrosius dicit, in I de Offic., <i>ars desit, non desit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5397 correctio</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5398 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5399 <div class="E">Articulus 2</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5400 <p title="II-II q. 168 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="45726"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5401 "ref">[45726] IIª-IIae, q. 168 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5402 secundum sic proceditur. Videtur quod in ludis non possit esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5403 aliqua virtus. Dicit enim Ambrosius, in I de Offic., <i>dominus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5404 ait, vae, vobis qui ridetis, quia flebitis. Non solum ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5405 profusos, sed etiam omnes iocos declinandos arbitror</i>. Sed illud
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5406 quod potest virtuose fieri, non est totaliter declinandum. Non ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5407 circa ludos potest esse virtus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5408 <p title="II-II q. 168 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="45727"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5409 "ref">[45727] IIª-IIae, q. 168 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5410 Praeterea, virtus est quam Deus in nobis sine nobis operatur, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5411 supra habitum est. Sed Chrysostomus dicit, <i>non dat Deus ludere,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5412 sed Diabolus. Audi quid ludentes passi sunt, sedit populus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5413 manducare et bibere, et surrexerunt ludere</i>. Ergo circa ludos
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5414 non potest esse virtus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5415 <p title="II-II q. 168 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="45728"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5416 "ref">[45728] IIª-IIae, q. 168 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5417 Praeterea, philosophus dicit, in X Ethic., quod <i>operationes ludi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5418 non ordinantur in aliquid aliud</i>. Sed ad virtutem requiritur ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5419 propter aliquid eligens operetur, sicut patet per philosophum, in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5420 II Ethic. Ergo circa ludos non potest esse aliqua virtus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5421 <p title="II-II q. 168 a. 2 s. c."><a name="45729"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5422 "ref">[45729] IIª-IIae, q. 168 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5423 contra est quod Augustinus dicit, in II musicae, <i>volo tandem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5424 tibi parcas, nam sapientem decet interdum remittere aciem rebus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5425 agendis intentam</i>. Sed ista remissio animi a rebus agendis fit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5426 per ludicra verba et facta. Ergo his uti interdum ad sapientem et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5427 virtuosum pertinet. Philosophus etiam ponit virtutem eutrapeliae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5428 circa ludos, quam nos possumus dicere iucunditatem.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5429 <p title="II-II q. 168 a. 2 co."><a name="45730"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5430 "ref">[45730] IIª-IIae, q. 168 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5431 dicendum quod, sicut homo indiget corporali quiete ad corporis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5432 refocillationem, quod non potest continue laborare, propter hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5433 quod habet finitam virtutem, quae determinatis laboribus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5434 proportionatur; ita etiam est ex parte animae, cuius etiam est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5435 virtus finita ad determinatas operationes proportionata, et ideo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5436 quando ultra modum suum in aliquas operationes se extendit,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5437 laborat, et ex hoc fatigatur, praesertim quia in operationibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5438 animae simul etiam laborat corpus, inquantum scilicet anima, etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5439 intellectiva, utitur viribus per organa corporea operantibus. Sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5440 autem bona sensibilia connaturalia homini. Et ideo, quando anima
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5441 supra sensibilia elevatur operibus rationis intenta, nascitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5442 exinde quaedam fatigatio animalis, sive homo intendat operibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5443 rationis practicae, sive speculativae. Magis tamen si operibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5444 contemplationis intendat, quia per hoc magis a sensibilibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5445 elevatur, quamvis forte in aliquibus operibus exterioribus rationis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5446 practicae maior labor corporis consistat. In utrisque tamen tanto
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5447 aliquis magis animaliter fatigatur, quanto vehementius operibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5448 rationis intendat. Sicut autem fatigatio corporalis solvitur per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5449 corporis quietem, ita etiam oportet quod fatigatio animalis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5450 solvatur per animae quietem. Quies autem animae est delectatio, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5451 supra habitum est, cum de passionibus ageretur. Et ideo oportet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5452 remedium contra fatigationem animalem adhibere per aliquam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5453 delectationem, intermissa intentione ad insistendum studio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5454 rationis. Sicut in collationibus patrum legitur quod beatus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5455 Evangelista Ioannes, cum quidam scandalizarentur quod eum cum suis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5456 discipulis ludentem invenerunt, dicitur mandasse uni eorum, qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5457 arcum gerebat, ut sagittam traheret. Quod cum pluries fecisset,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5458 quaesivit utrum hoc continue facere posset. Qui respondit quod, si
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5459 hoc continue faceret, arcus frangeretur. Unde beatus Ioannes
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5460 subintulit quod similiter animus hominis frangeretur, si nunquam a
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5461 sua intentione relaxaretur. Huiusmodi autem dicta vel facta, in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5462 quibus non quaeritur nisi delectatio animalis, vocantur ludicra vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5463 iocosa. Et ideo necesse est talibus interdum uti, quasi ad quandam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5464 animae quietem. Et hoc est quod philosophus dicit, in IV Ethic.,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5465 quod <i>in huius vitae conversatione quaedam requies cum ludo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5466 habetur</i>, et ideo oportet interdum aliquibus talibus uti. Circa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5467 quae tamen tria videntur praecipue esse cavenda. Quorum primum et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5468 principale est quod praedicta delectatio non quaeratur in aliquibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5469 operationibus vel verbis turpibus vel nocivis. Unde Tullius dicit,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5470 in I de Offic., quod <i>unum genus iocandi est illiberale,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5471 petulans, flagitiosum, obscenum</i>. Aliud autem attendendum est,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5472 ne totaliter gravitas animae resolvatur. Unde Ambrosius dicit, in I
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5473 de Offic., <i>caveamus ne, dum relaxare animum volumus, solvamus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5474 omnem harmoniam, quasi concentum quendam bonorum operum</i>. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5475 Tullius dicit, in I de Offic., quod <i>sicut pueris non omnem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5476 ludendi licentiam damus, sed eam quae ab honestatis actionibus non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5477 sit aliena; sic in ipso ioco aliquod probi ingenii lumen
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5478 eluceat</i>. Tertio autem est attendendum, sicut et in omnibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5479 aliis humanis actibus, ut congruat personae et tempori et loco, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5480 secundum alias circumstantias debite ordinetur, ut scilicet sit et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5481 tempore et homine dignus, ut Tullius dicit, ibidem. Huiusmodi autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5482 secundum regulam rationis ordinantur. Habitus autem secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5483 rationem operans est virtus moralis. Et ideo circa ludos potest
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5484 esse aliqua virtus, quam philosophus eutrapeliam nominat. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5485 dicitur aliquis eutrapelus a bona versione, quia scilicet bene
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5486 convertit aliqua dicta vel facta in solatium. Et inquantum per hanc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5487 virtutem homo refrenatur ab immoderantia ludorum, sub modestia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5488 continetur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5489 <p title="II-II q. 168 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="45731"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5490 "ref">[45731] IIª-IIae, q. 168 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5491 ergo dicendum quod, sicut dictum est, iocosa debent congruere
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5492 negotiis et personis. Unde et Tullius dicit, in I Rhet., quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5493 quando auditores sunt defatigati, <i>non est inutile ab aliqua re
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5494 nova aut ridicula oratorem incipere, si tamen rei dignitas non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5495 adimit iocandi facultatem</i>. Doctrina autem sacra maximis rebus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5496 intendit, secundum illud Prov. VIII, <i>audite, quoniam de rebus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5497 magnis locutura sum</i>. Unde Ambrosius non excludit universaliter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5498 iocum a conversatione humana, sed a doctrina sacra. Unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5499 praemittit, <i>licet interdum honesta ioca ac suavia sint, tamen ab
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5500 ecclesiastica abhorrent regula, quoniam quae in Scripturis sanctis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5501 non reperimus, ea quem ad modum usurpare possumus?</i></p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5502 <p title="II-II q. 168 a. 2 ad 2"><a name="45732"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5503 "ref">[45732] IIª-IIae, q. 168 a. 2 ad 2</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5504 secundum dicendum quod verbum illud Chrysostomi est intelligendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5505 de illis qui inordinate ludis utuntur, et praecipue eorum qui finem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5506 in delectatione ludi constituunt, sicut de quibusdam dicitur Sap.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5507 XV, <i>aestimaverunt esse ludum vitam nostram</i>. Contra quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5508 dicit Tullius, in I de Offic., <i>non ita generati a natura sumus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5509 ut ad ludum et iocum facti esse videamur, sed ad severitatem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5510 potius, et ad quaedam studia graviora atque maiora</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5511 <p title="II-II q. 168 a. 2 ad 3"><a name="45733"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5512 "ref">[45733] IIª-IIae, q. 168 a. 2 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5513 dicendum quod ipsae operationes ludi, secundum suam speciem, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5514 ordinantur ad aliquem finem. Sed delectatio quae in talibus actibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5515 habetur, ordinatur ad quandam animae recreationem et quietem. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5516 secundum hoc, si moderate fiat, licet uti ludo. Unde Tullius dicit,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5517 in I de Offic., <i>ludo et ioco uti quidem licet, sed, sicut somno
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5518 et quietibus ceteris, tunc cum gravibus seriisque rebus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5519 satisfecerimus</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5520 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5521 <div class="E">Articulus 3</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5522 <p title="II-II q. 168 a. 3 arg. 1"><a name="45734"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5523 "ref">[45734] IIª-IIae, q. 168 a. 3 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5524 tertium sic proceditur. Videtur quod in superfluitate ludi non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5525 possit esse peccatum. Illud enim quod excusat a peccato, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5526 videtur esse peccatum. Sed ludus quandoque excusat a peccato, multa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5527 enim, si serio fierent, gravia peccata essent, quae quidem, ioco
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5528 facta, vel nulla vel levia sunt. Ergo videtur quod in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5529 superabundantia ludi non sit peccatum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5530 <p title="II-II q. 168 a. 3 arg. 2"><a name="45735"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5531 "ref">[45735] IIª-IIae, q. 168 a. 3 arg. 2</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5532 Praeterea, omnia alia vitia reducuntur ad septem vitia capitalia,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5533 ut Gregorius dicit, XXXI Moral. Sed superabundantia in lucis non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5534 videtur reduci ad aliquod capitalium vitiorum. Ergo videtur quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5535 non sit peccatum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5536 <p title="II-II q. 168 a. 3 arg. 3"><a name="45736"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5537 "ref">[45736] IIª-IIae, q. 168 a. 3 arg. 3</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5538 Praeterea, maxime histriones in ludo videntur superabundare, qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5539 totam vitam suam ordinant ad ludendum. Si ergo superabundantia ludi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5540 esset peccatum, tunc omnes histriones essent in statu peccati.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5541 Peccarent etiam omnes qui eorum ministerio uterentur, vel qui eis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5542 aliqua largirentur, tanquam peccati fautores. Quod videtur esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5543 falsum. Legitur enim in vitis patrum, quod beato Paphnutio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5544 revelatum est quod quidam ioculator futurus erat sibi consors in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5545 vita futura.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5546 <p title="II-II q. 168 a. 3 s. c."><a name="45737"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5547 "ref">[45737] IIª-IIae, q. 168 a. 3 s. c.</span></a> Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5548 contra est quod, super illud Prov. XIV, <i>risus dolori miscebitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5549 et extrema gaudii luctus occupat</i>, dicit Glossa, luctus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5550 perpetuus. Sed in superfluitate ludi est inordinatus risus et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5551 inordinatum gaudium. Ergo est ibi peccatum mortale, cui soli
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5552 debetur luctus perpetuus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5553 <p title="II-II q. 168 a. 3 co."><a name="45738"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5554 "ref">[45738] IIª-IIae, q. 168 a. 3 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5555 dicendum quod in omni eo quod est dirigibile secundum rationem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5556 superfluum dicitur quod regulam rationis excedit, diminutum autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5557 dicitur aliquid secundum quod deficit a regula rationis. Dictum est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5558 autem quod ludicra sive iocosa verba vel facta sunt dirigibilia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5559 secundum rationem. Et ideo superfluum in ludo accipitur quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5560 excedit regulam rationis. Quod quidem potest esse dupliciter. Uno
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5561 modo, ex ipsa specie actionum quae assumuntur in ludum, quod quidem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5562 iocandi genus secundum Tullium dicitur esse illiberale, petulans,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5563 flagitiosum, obscenum, quando scilicet utitur aliquis, causa ludi,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5564 turpibus verbis vel factis, vel etiam his quae vergunt in proximi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5565 nocumentum, quae de se sunt peccata mortalia. Et sic, patet quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5566 excessus in ludo est peccatum mortale. Alio autem modo potest esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5567 excessus in ludo secundum defectum debitarum circumstantiarum, puta
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5568 cum aliqui utuntur ludo vel temporibus vel locis indebitis, aut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5569 etiam praeter convenientiam negotii seu personae. Et hoc quidem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5570 quandoque potest esse peccatum mortale, propter vehementiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5571 affectus ad ludum, cuius delectationem praeponit aliquis dilectioni
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5572 Dei, ita quod contra praeceptum Dei vel Ecclesiae talibus ludis uti
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5573 non refugiat. Quandoque autem est peccatum veniale, puta cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5574 aliquis non tantum afficitur ad ludum quod propter hoc vellet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5575 aliquid contra Deum committere.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5576 <p title="II-II q. 168 a. 3 ad 1"><a name="45739"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5577 "ref">[45739] IIª-IIae, q. 168 a. 3 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5578 ergo dicendum quod aliqua sunt peccata propter solam intentionem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5579 quia scilicet in iniuriam alicuius fiunt, quam quidem intentionem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5580 excludit ludus, cuius intentio ad delectationem fertur, non ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5581 iniuriam alicuius. Et in talibus ludus excusat a peccato, vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5582 peccatum diminuit. Quaedam vero sunt quae secundum suam speciem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5583 sunt peccata, sicut homicidium, fornicatio et similia. Et talia non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5584 excusantur per ludum, quinimmo ex his ludus redditur flagitiosus et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5585 obscenus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5586 <p title="II-II q. 168 a. 3 ad 2"><a name="45740"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5587 "ref">[45740] IIª-IIae, q. 168 a. 3 ad 2</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5588 secundum dicendum quod superfluitas in ludo pertinet ad ineptam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5589 laetitiam, quam Gregorius dicit esse filiam gulae. Unde Exod. XXXII
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5590 dicitur, <i>sedit populus manducare et bibere, et surrexerunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5591 ludere</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5592 <p title="II-II q. 168 a. 3 ad 3"><a name="45741"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5593 "ref">[45741] IIª-IIae, q. 168 a. 3 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5594 dicendum quod, sicut dictum est, ludus est necessarius ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5595 conversationem humanae vitae. Ad omnia autem quae sunt utilia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5596 conversationi humanae, deputari possunt aliqua officia licita. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5597 ideo etiam officium histrionum, quod ordinatur ad solatium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5598 hominibus exhibendum, non est secundum se illicitum, nec sunt in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5599 statu peccati, dummodo moderate ludo utantur, idest, non utendo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5600 aliquibus illicitis verbis vel factis ad ludum, et non adhibendo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5601 ludum negotiis et temporibus indebitis. Et quamvis in rebus humanis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5602 non utantur alio officio per comparationem ad alios homines, tamen
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5603 per comparationem ad seipsos et ad Deum, alias habent seriosas et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5604 virtuosas operationes, puta dum orant, et suas passiones et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5605 operationes componunt, et quandoque etiam pauperibus eleemosynas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5606 largiuntur. Unde illi qui moderate eis subveniunt, non peccant, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5607 iusta faciunt, mercedem ministerii eorum eis attribuendo. Si qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5608 autem superflue sua in tales consumunt, vel etiam sustentant illos
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5609 histriones qui illicitis ludis utuntur, peccant, quasi eos in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5610 peccato foventes. Unde Augustinus dicit, super Ioan., quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5611 <i>donare res suas histrionibus vitium est immane</i>. Nisi forte
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5612 aliquis histrio esset in extrema necessitate, in qua esset ei
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5613 subveniendum. Dicit enim Ambrosius, in libro de Offic., <i>pasce
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5614 fame morientem. Quisquis enim pascendo hominem servare poteris, si
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5615 non paveris, occidisti</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5616 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5617 <div class="E">Articulus 4</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5618 <p title="II-II q. 168 a. 4 arg. 1"><a name="45742"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5619 "ref">[45742] IIª-IIae, q. 168 a. 4 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5620 quartum sic proceditur. Videtur quod in defectu ludi non consistat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5621 aliquod peccatum. Nullum enim peccatum indicitur poenitenti. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5622 Augustinus dicit, de poenitente loquens, <i>cohibeat se a ludis, a
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5623 spectaculis saeculi, qui perfectam vult consequi remissionis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5624 gratiam</i>. Ergo in defectu ludi non est aliquod peccatum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5625 <p title="II-II q. 168 a. 4 arg. 2"><a name="45743"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5626 "ref">[45743] IIª-IIae, q. 168 a. 4 arg. 2</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5627 Praeterea, nullum peccatum ponitur in commendatione sanctorum. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5628 in commendatione quorundam ponitur quod a ludo abstinuerunt,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5629 dicitur enim Ierem. XV, non sedi in Concilio ludentium; et Tobiae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5630 III dicitur, <i>nunquam cum ludentibus miscui me, neque cum his qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5631 in levitate ambulant, participem me praebui</i>. Ergo in defectu
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5632 ludi non potest esse peccatum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5633 <p title="II-II q. 168 a. 4 arg. 3"><a name="45744"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5634 "ref">[45744] IIª-IIae, q. 168 a. 4 arg. 3</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5635 Praeterea, Andronicus ponit austeritatem, quam inter virtutes
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5636 numerat, esse <i>habitum secundum quem aliqui neque afferunt aliis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5637 delectationes collocutionum, neque ab aliis recipiunt</i>. Sed hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5638 pertinet ad defectum ludi. Ergo defectus ludi magis pertinet ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5639 virtutem quam ad vitium.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5640 <p title="II-II q. 168 a. 4 s. c."><a name="45745"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5641 "ref">[45745] IIª-IIae, q. 168 a. 4 s. c.</span></a> Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5642 contra est quod philosophus, in II et IV Ethic., ponit defectum in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5643 ludo esse vitiosum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5644 <p title="II-II q. 168 a. 4 co."><a name="45746"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5645 "ref">[45746] IIª-IIae, q. 168 a. 4 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5646 dicendum quod omne quod est contra rationem in rebus humanis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5647 vitiosum est. Est autem contra rationem ut aliquis se aliis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5648 onerosum exhibeat, puta dum nihil delectabile exhibet, et etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5649 delectationes aliorum impedit. Unde Seneca dicit, <i>sic te geras
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5650 sapienter ut nullus te habeat tanquam asperum, nec contemnat quasi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5651 vilem</i>. Illi autem qui in ludo deficiunt, neque ipsi dicunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5652 aliquod ridiculum; et dicentibus molesti sunt, quia scilicet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5653 moderatos aliorum ludos non recipiunt. Et ideo tales vitiosi sunt,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5654 et dicuntur duri et agrestes, ut philosophus dicit, in IV Ethic.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5655 Sed quia ludus est utilis propter delectationem et quietem;
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5656 delectatio autem et quies non propter se quaeruntur in humana vita,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5657 sed propter operationem, ut dicitur in X Ethic., defectus ludi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5658 minus est vitiosus quam ludi superexcessus. Unde philosophus dicit,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5659 in IX Ethic., quod <i>pauci amici propter delectationem sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5660 habendi</i>, quia parum de delectatione sufficit ad vitam, quasi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5661 pro condimento; sicut parum de sale sufficit in cibo.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5662 <p title="II-II q. 168 a. 4 ad 1"><a name="45747"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5663 "ref">[45747] IIª-IIae, q. 168 a. 4 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5664 ergo dicendum quod, quia poenitentibus luctus indicitur pro
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5665 peccatis, ideo interdicitur eis ludus. Nec hoc pertinet ad vitium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5666 defectus, quia hoc ipsum est secundum rationem quod in eis ludus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5667 diminuatur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5668 <p title="II-II q. 168 a. 4 ad 2"><a name="45748"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5669 "ref">[45748] IIª-IIae, q. 168 a. 4 ad 2</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5670 secundum dicendum quod Ieremias ibi loquitur secundum congruentiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5671 temporis cuius status magis luctum requirebat. Unde subdit,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5672 <i>solus sedebam, quoniam amaritudine replevisti me</i>. Quod autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5673 dicitur Tobiae III, pertinet ad ludum superfluum. Quod patet ex eo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5674 quod sequitur, <i>neque cum his qui in levitate ambulant participem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5675 me praebui</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5676 <p title="II-II q. 168 a. 4 ad 3"><a name="45749"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5677 "ref">[45749] IIª-IIae, q. 168 a. 4 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5678 dicendum quod austeritas, secundum quod est virtus, non excludit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5679 omnes delectationes, sed superfluas et inordinatas. Unde videtur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5680 pertinere ad affabilitatem, quam philosophus amicitiam nominat, vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5681 ad eutrapeliam, sive iucunditatem. Et tamen nominat et definit eam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5682 sic secundum convenientiam ad temperantiam, cuius est delectationes
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5683 reprimere.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5684 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5685 <div class="D">Quaestio 169</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5686 <div class="G">Prooemium</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5687 <p title="II-II q. 169 pr."><a name="45750"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5688 "ref">[45750] IIª-IIae, q. 169 pr.</span></a> Deinde
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5689 considerandum est de modestia secundum quod consistit in exteriori
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5690 apparatu. Et circa hoc quaeruntur duo. Primo, utrum circa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5691 exteriorem apparatum possit esse virtus et vitium. Secundo, utrum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5692 mulieres mortaliter peccent in superfluo ornatu.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5693 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5694 <div class="E">Articulus 1</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5695 <p title="II-II q. 169 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="45751"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5696 "ref">[45751] IIª-IIae, q. 169 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5697 primum sic proceditur. Videtur quod circa exteriorem ornatum non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5698 possit esse virtus et vitium. Exterior enim ornatus non est in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5699 nobis a natura, unde et secundum diversitatem temporum et locorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5700 variantur. Unde Augustinus dicit, in III de Doct. Christ., quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5701 <i>talares et manicatas tunicas habere apud veteres Romanos
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5702 flagitium erat, nunc autem honesto loco natis non eas habere
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5703 flagitium est</i>. Sed sicut philosophus dicit, in II Ethic.,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5704 <i>naturalis inest nobis aptitudo ad virtutes</i>. Ergo circa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5705 huiusmodi non est virtus et vitium.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5706 <p title="II-II q. 169 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="45752"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5707 "ref">[45752] IIª-IIae, q. 169 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5708 Praeterea, si circa exteriorem cultum esset virtus et vitium,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5709 oporteret quod superfluitas in talibus esset vitiosa, et etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5710 defectus vitiosus. Sed superfluitas in cultu exteriori non videtur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5711 esse vitiosa, quia etiam sacerdotes et ministri altaris in sacro
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5712 ministerio pretiosissimis vestibus utuntur. Similiter etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5713 defectus in talibus non videtur esse vitiosus, quia in laudem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5714 quorundam dicitur, Heb. XI, <i>circuierunt in melotis et in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5715 pellibus caprinis</i>. Non ergo videtur quod in talibus possit esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5716 virtus et vitium.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5717 <p title="II-II q. 169 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="45753"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5718 "ref">[45753] IIª-IIae, q. 169 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5719 Praeterea, omnis virtus aut est theologica, aut moralis, aut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5720 intellectualis. Sed circa huiusmodi non consistit virtus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5721 intellectualis, quae perficit in aliqua cognitione veritatis.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5722 Similiter etiam nec est ibi virtus theologica, quae habet Deum pro
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5723 obiecto. Nec etiam est ibi aliqua virtutum moralium quas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5724 philosophus tangit. Ergo videtur quod circa huiusmodi cultum non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5725 possit esse virtus et vitium.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5726 <p title="II-II q. 169 a. 1 s. c."><a name="45754"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5727 "ref">[45754] IIª-IIae, q. 169 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5728 contra, honestas ad virtutem pertinet. Sed in exteriori cultu
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5729 consideratur quaedam honestas, dicit enim Ambrosius, in I de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5730 Offic., <i>decor corporis non sit affectatus, sed naturalis;
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5731 simplex, neglectus magis quam expeditus; non pretiosis et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5732 albentibus adiutus vestimentis, sed communibus, ut honestati vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5733 necessitati nihil desit, nihil accedat nitori</i>. Ergo in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5734 exteriori cultu potest esse virtus et vitium.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5735 <p title="II-II q. 169 a. 1 co."><a name="45755"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5736 "ref">[45755] IIª-IIae, q. 169 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5737 dicendum quod in ipsis rebus exterioribus quibus homo utitur, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5738 est aliquod vitium, sed ex parte hominis qui immoderate utitur eis.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5739 Quae quidem immoderantia potest esse dupliciter. Uno quidem modo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5740 per comparationem ad consuetudinem hominum cum quibus aliquis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5741 vivit. Unde dicit Augustinus, in III Confess., <i>quae contra mores
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5742 hominum sunt flagitia, pro morum diversitate vitanda sunt, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5743 pactum inter se civitatis et gentis consuetudine vel lege firmatum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5744 nulla civis aut peregrini libidine violetur. Turpis enim est omnis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5745 pars universo suo non congruens</i>. Alio modo potest esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5746 immoderatio in usu talium rerum ex inordinato affectu utentis, ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5747 quo quandoque contingit quod homo nimis libidinose talibus utatur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5748 sive secundum consuetudinem eorum cum quibus vivit, sive etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5749 praeter eorum consuetudinem. Unde Augustinus dicit, in III de Doct.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5750 Christ., <i>in usu rerum abesse oportet libidinem, quae non solum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5751 ipsa eorum inter quos vivit consuetudine nequiter abutitur; sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5752 etiam saepe fines eius egressa, foeditatem suam, quae inter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5753 claustra morum solemnium latitabat, flagitiosissima eruptione
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5754 manifestat</i>. Contingit autem ista inordinatio affectus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5755 tripliciter, quantum ad superabundantiam. Uno modo, per hoc quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5756 aliquis ex superfluo cultu vestium hominum gloriam quaerit, prout
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5757 scilicet vestes et alia huiusmodi pertinent ad quendam ornatum.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5758 Unde Gregorius dicit, in quadam homilia, <i>sunt nonnulli qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5759 cultum subtilium pretiosarumque vestium non putant esse peccatum.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5760 Quod videlicet si culpa non esset nequaquam sermo Dei tam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5761 vigilanter exprimeret quod dives qui torquebatur apud Inferos,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5762 bysso et purpura indutus fuisset. Nemo quippe vestimenta
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5763 pretiosa</i>, scilicet excedentia proprium statum, nisi ad inanem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5764 gloriam quaerit. Alio modo, secundum quod homo per superfluum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5765 cultum vestium quaerit delicias, secundum quod vestis ordinatur ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5766 corporis fomentum. Tertio modo, secundum quod nimiam sollicitudinem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5767 apponit ad exteriorem vestium cultum, etiam si non sit aliqua
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5768 inordinatio ex parte finis. Et secundum hoc, Andronicus ponit tres
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5769 virtutes circa exteriorem cultum. Scilicet, humilitatem, quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5770 excludit intentionem gloriae. Unde dicit quod humilitas est habitus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5771 non superabundans in sumptibus et praeparationibus. Et per se
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5772 sufficientiam, quae excludit intentionem deliciarum. Unde dicit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5773 quod per se sufficientia est habitus contentus quibus oportet, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5774 determinativa eorum quae ad vivere convenit (secundum illud
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5775 apostoli, I ad Tim. ult., <i>habentes alimenta et quibus tegamur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5776 his contenti simus</i>). Et simplicitatem, quae excludit superfluam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5777 sollicitudinem talium. Unde dicit quod simplicitas est habitus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5778 contentus his quae contingunt. Ex parte autem defectus similiter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5779 potest esse duplex inordinatio secundum affectum. Uno quidem modo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5780 ex negligentia hominis qui non adhibet studium vel laborem ad hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5781 quod exteriori cultu utatur secundum quod oportet. Unde philosophus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5782 dicit, in VII Ethic., quod ad mollitiem pertinet quod aliquis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5783 <i>trahat vestimentum per terram, ut non laboret elevando
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5784 ipsum</i>. Alio modo, ex eo quod ipsum defectum exterioris cultus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5785 ad gloriam ordinant. Unde dicit Augustinus, in libro de Serm. Dom.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5786 in monte, <i>non in solo rerum corporearum nitore atque pompa, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5787 etiam in ipsis sordibus et luctuosis esse posse iactantiam, et eo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5788 periculosiorem quo sub nomine servitutis Dei decipit</i>. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5789 philosophus dicit, in IV Ethic., quod <i>superabundantia et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5790 inordinatus defectus ad iactantiam pertinet</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5791 <p title="II-II q. 169 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="45756"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5792 "ref">[45756] IIª-IIae, q. 169 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5793 ergo dicendum quod, quamvis ipse cultus exterior non sit a natura,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5794 tamen ad naturalem rationem pertinet ut exteriorem cultum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5795 moderetur. Et secundum hoc, innati sumus hanc virtutem suscipere,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5796 quae exteriorem cultum moderatur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5797 <p title="II-II q. 169 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="45757"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5798 "ref">[45757] IIª-IIae, q. 169 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5799 secundum dicendum quod illi qui in dignitatibus constituuntur, vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5800 etiam ministri altaris, pretiosioribus vestibus quam ceteri
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5801 induuntur, non propter sui gloriam, sed ad significandam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5802 excellentiam sui ministerii vel cultus divini. Et ideo in eis non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5803 est vitiosum. Unde Augustinus dicit, in III de Doct. Christ.,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5804 <i>quisquis sic utitur exterioribus rebus ut metas consuetudinis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5805 bonorum inter quos versatur excedat, aut aliquid significat, aut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5806 flagitiosus est</i>, dum scilicet propter delicias vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5807 ostentationem talibus utitur. Similiter etiam ex parte defectus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5808 contingit esse peccatum, non tamen semper qui vilioribus quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5809 ceteri vestibus utitur, peccat. Si enim hoc faciat propter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5810 iactantiam vel superbiam, ut se ceteris praeferat, vitium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5811 superstitionis est. Si autem hoc faciat propter macerationem carnis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5812 vel humiliationem spiritus, ad virtutem temperantiae pertinet. Unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5813 Augustinus dicit, in III de Doct. Christ., <i>quisquis restrictius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5814 rebus utitur quam se habeant mores eorum cum quibus vivit, aut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5815 temperans aut superstitiosus est</i>. Praecipue autem competit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5816 vilibus vestimentis uti his qui alios verbo et exemplo ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5817 poenitentiam hortantur, sicut fuerunt prophetae, de quibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5818 apostolus ibi loquitur. Unde quaedam Glossa dicit, Matth. III,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5819 <i>qui poenitentiam praedicat, habitum poenitentiae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5820 praetendit</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5821 <p title="II-II q. 169 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="45758"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5822 "ref">[45758] IIª-IIae, q. 169 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5823 dicendum quod huiusmodi exterior cultus indicium quoddam est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5824 conditionis humanae. Et ideo excessus et defectus et medium in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5825 talibus possunt reduci ad virtutem veritatis, quam philosophus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5826 ponit circa facta et dicta quibus aliquid de statu hominis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5827 significatur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5828 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5829 <div class="E">Articulus 2</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5830 <p title="II-II q. 169 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="45759"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5831 "ref">[45759] IIª-IIae, q. 169 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5832 secundum sic proceditur. Videtur quod ornatus mulierum non sit sine
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5833 peccato mortali. Omne enim quod est contra praeceptum divinae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5834 legis, est peccatum mortale. Sed ornatus mulierum est contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5835 praeceptum divinae legis, dicitur enim I Pet. III, <i>quarum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5836 scilicet mulierum sit non extrinsecus capillatura, aut circumdatio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5837 auri, aut indumenti vestimentorum cultus</i>. Ubi dicit Glossa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5838 Cypriani, <i>serico et purpura indutae Christum sincere induere non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5839 possunt, auro et margaritis adornatae et monilibus, ornamenta
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5840 mentis et corporis perdiderunt</i>. Sed hoc non fit nisi per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5841 peccatum mortale. Ergo ornatus mulierum non potest esse sine
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5842 peccato mortali.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5843 <p title="II-II q. 169 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="45760"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5844 "ref">[45760] IIª-IIae, q. 169 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5845 Praeterea, Cyprianus dicit, in libro de habitu Virgin., <i>non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5846 virgines tantum aut viduas, sed et nuptas puto et omnes omnino
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5847 feminas admonendas, quod opus Dei et facturam eius et plasma
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5848 adulterare nullo modo debeant, adhibito flavo colore vel nigro
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5849 pulvere vel rubore, aut quolibet lineamenta nativa corrumpente
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5850 medicamine</i>. Et postea subdit, <i>manus Deo inferunt, quando
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5851 illud quod ille formavit, reformare contendunt. Impugnatio ista est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5852 divini operis, praevaricatio est veritatis. Deum videre non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5853 poteris, quando oculi tibi non sunt quos Deus fecit, sed quos
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5854 Diabolus infecit, de inimico tuo compta, cum illo pariter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5855 arsura</i>. Sed hoc non debetur nisi peccato mortali. Ergo ornatus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5856 mulieris non est sine peccato mortali.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5857 <p title="II-II q. 169 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="45761"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5858 "ref">[45761] IIª-IIae, q. 169 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5859 Praeterea, sicut non congruit mulieri quod veste virili utatur, ita
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5860 etiam ei non competit quod inordinato ornatu utatur. Sed primum est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5861 peccatum, dicitur enim Deut. XXII, <i>non induatur mulier veste
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5862 virili, nec vir veste muliebri</i>. Ergo videtur quod etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5863 superfluus ornatus mulierum sit peccatum mortale.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5864 <p title="II-II q. 169 a. 2 s. c."><a name="45762"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5865 "ref">[45762] IIª-IIae, q. 169 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5866 contra est quia secundum hoc videretur quod artifices huiusmodi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5867 ornamenta praeparantes mortaliter peccarent.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5868 <p title="II-II q. 169 a. 2 co."><a name="45763"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5869 "ref">[45763] IIª-IIae, q. 169 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5870 dicendum quod circa ornatum mulierum sunt eadem attendenda quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5871 supra communiter dicta sunt circa exteriorem cultum, et insuper
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5872 quiddam aliud speciale, quod scilicet muliebris cultus viros ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5873 lasciviam provocat, secundum illud Prov. VII, <i>ecce, mulier
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5874 occurrit illi ornatu meretricio praeparata ad decipiendas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5875 animas</i>. Potest tamen mulier licite operam dare ad hoc quod viro
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5876 suo placeat, ne per eius contemptum in adulterium labatur. Unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5877 dicitur I ad Cor. VII, quod <i>mulier quae nupta est cogitat quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5878 sunt mundi, quomodo placeat viro</i>. Et ideo si mulier coniugata
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5879 ad hoc se ornet ut viro suo placeat, potest hoc facere absque
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5880 peccato. Illae autem mulieres quae viros non habent, nec volunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5881 habere, et sunt in statu non habendi, non possunt absque peccato
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5882 appetere placere virorum aspectibus ad concupiscendum, quia hoc est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5883 dare eis incentivum peccandi. Et si quidem hac intentione se ornent
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5884 ut alios provocent, ad concupiscentiam, mortaliter peccant. Si
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5885 autem ex quadam levitate, vel etiam ex vanitate propter quandam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5886 iactantiam, non semper est peccatum mortale, sed quandoque veniale.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5887 Et eadem ratio, quantum ad hoc, est de viris. Unde Augustinus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5888 dicit, in epistola ad Possidium, <i>nolo ut de ornamentis auri vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5889 vestis praeproperam habeas in prohibendo sententiam, nisi in eos
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5890 qui neque coniugati sunt, neque coniugari cupientes, cogitare
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5891 debent quomodo placeant Deo. Illi autem cogitant quae sunt mundi,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5892 quomodo placeant vel viri uxoribus, vel mulieres maritis, nisi quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5893 capillos nudare feminas, quas etiam caput velare apostolus iubet,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5894 nec maritatas decet</i>. In quo tamen possent aliquae a peccato
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5895 excusari, quando hoc non fieret ex aliqua vanitate, sed propter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5896 contrariam consuetudinem, quamvis talis consuetudo non sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5897 laudabilis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5898 <p title="II-II q. 169 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="45764"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5899 "ref">[45764] IIª-IIae, q. 169 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5900 ergo dicendum quod, sicut Glossa ibidem dicit, <i>mulieres eorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5901 qui in tribulatione erant, contemnebant viros, et ut aliis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5902 placerent, se pulchre ornabant, quod fieri apostolus prohibet</i>.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5903 In quo etiam casu loquitur Cyprianus, non autem prohibet mulieribus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5904 coniugatis ornari ut placeant viris, ne detur eis occasio peccandi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5905 cum aliis. Unde I ad Tim. dicit apostolus, <i>mulieres in habitu
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5906 ornato, cum verecundia et sobrietate ornantes se, non in tortis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5907 crinibus, aut auro aut margaritis aut veste pretiosa</i>, per quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5908 datur intelligi quod sobrius et moderatus ornatus non prohibetur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5909 mulieribus, sed superfluus et inverecundus et impudicus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5910 <p title="II-II q. 169 a. 2 ad 2"><a name="45765"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5911 "ref">[45765] IIª-IIae, q. 169 a. 2 ad 2</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5912 secundum dicendum quod mulierum fucatio, de qua Cyprianus loquitur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5913 est quaedam species fictionis, quae non potest esse sine peccato.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5914 Unde Augustinus dicit, in epistola ad Possidium, <i>fucari
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5915 figmentis, quo rubicundior vel candidior appareat, adulterina
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5916 fallacia est, qua non dubito etiam ipsos maritos se nolle decipi,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5917 quibus solis permittendae sunt feminae ornari, secundum veniam, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5918 secundum imperium</i>. Non tamen semper talis fucatio est cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5919 peccato mortali, sed solum quando fit propter lasciviam, vel in Dei
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5920 contemptum, in quibus casibus loquitur Cyprianus. Sciendum tamen
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5921 quod aliud est fingere pulchritudinem non habitam, et aliud est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5922 occultare turpitudinem ex aliqua causa provenientem, puta
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5923 aegritudine vel aliquo huiusmodi. Hoc enim est licitum, quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5924 secundum apostolum, I ad Cor., <i>quae putamus ignobiliora esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5925 membra corporis, his honorem abundantiorem circundamus</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5926 <p title="II-II q. 169 a. 2 ad 3"><a name="45766"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5927 "ref">[45766] IIª-IIae, q. 169 a. 2 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5928 dicendum quod, sicut dictum est, cultus exterior debet competere
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5929 conditioni personae secundum communem consuetudinem. Et ideo de se
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5930 vitiosum est quod mulier utatur veste virili aut e converso, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5931 praecipue quia hoc potest esse causa lasciviae. Et specialiter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5932 prohibetur in lege, quia gentiles tali mutatione habitus utebantur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5933 ad idololatriae superstitionem. Potest tamen quandoque hoc fieri
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5934 sine peccato propter aliquam necessitatem, vel causa occultandi ab
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5935 hostibus, vel propter defectum alterius vestimenti, vel propter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5936 aliquid aliud huiusmodi.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5937 <p title="II-II q. 169 a. 2 ad 4"><a name="45767"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5938 "ref">[45767] IIª-IIae, q. 169 a. 2 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5939 dicendum quod, si qua ars est ad faciendum aliqua opera quibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5940 homines uti non possunt absque peccato, per consequens artifices
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5941 talia faciendo peccarent, utpote praebentes directe aliis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5942 occasionem peccandi, puta si quis fabricaret idola, vel aliqua ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5943 cultum idololatriae pertinentia. Si qua vero ars sit cuius operibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5944 homines possunt bene et male uti, sicut gladii, sagittae et alia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5945 huiusmodi, usus talium artium non est peccatum, et eae solae artes
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5946 sunt dicendae. Unde Chrysostomus dicit, super Matth., <i>eas solas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5947 oportet artes vocare quae necessariorum, et eorum quae continent
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5948 vitam nostram, sunt tributivae et constructivae</i>. Si tamen
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5949 operibus alicuius artis ut pluries aliqui male uterentur, quamvis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5950 de se non sint illicitae, sunt tamen per officium principis a
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5951 civitate extirpandae, secundum documenta Platonis. Quia ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5952 mulieres licite se possunt ornare, vel ut conservent decentiam sui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5953 status, vel etiam aliquid superaddere ut placeant viris; consequens
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5954 est quod artifices talium ornamentorum non peccant in usu talis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5955 artis, nisi forte inveniendo aliqua superflua et curiosa. Unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5956 Chrysostomus dicit, super Matth., quod <i>etiam ab arte calceorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5957 et textorum multa abscidere oportet. Etenim ad luxuriam deduxerunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5958 necessitatem eius corrumpentes, artem male arti
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5959 commiscentes</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5960 <div class="centro"><br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5961 <p><a href="sth3146.html"><img src="icons/ageretro.gif" width="19"
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5962 height="19" align="middle" border="0" alt="age retro" /></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5963 <a href="sth3170.html"><img src="icons/ageultra.gif" width="19"
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5964 height="19" align="middle" border="0" alt="age ultra" /></a></p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5965 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5966 <hr />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5967 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5968 <address>© 2006 Fundación Tomás de Aquino quoad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5969 hanc editionem<br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5970 Iura omnia asservantur<br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5971 OCLC nr. <a href="http://worldcatlibraries.org/wcpa/oclc/49644264"
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5972 style="text-decoration=none">49644264</a></address>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5973 </div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5974 </body>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5975 </html>

Mercurial > hg > Aquinas

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