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2 @node Pull-down Menus, Entering Emacs, Keystrokes, Top
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3 @comment node-name, next, previous, up
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4 @section XEmacs Pull-down Menus
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5
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6 If you are running XEmacs under X, a menu bar on top of the
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7 Emacs frame provides access to pull-down menus of file, edit, and
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8 help-related commands. The menus provide convenient shortcuts and an
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9 easy interface for novice users. They do not provide additions to the
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10 functionality available via key commands; you can still invoke commands
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11 from the keyboard as in previous versions of Emacs.
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12
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13 @table @b
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14 @item File
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15 Perform file and buffer-related operations, such as opening and closing
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16 files, saving and printing buffers, as well as exiting Emacs.
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17 @cindex File menu
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18
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19 @item Edit
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20 Perform standard editing operations, such as
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21 cutting, copying, pasting, and killing selected text.
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22 @cindex Edit menu
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23
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24 @item Apps
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25 Access to sub-applications implemented within XEmacs, such as the mail
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26 reader, the World Wide Web browser, the spell-checker, and the calendar
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27 program.
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28 @cindex Apps menu
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29
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30 @item Options
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31 Control various options regarding the way XEmacs works, such as controlling
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32 which elements of the frame are visible, selecting the fonts to be used for
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33 text, specifying whether searches are case-sensitive, etc.
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34 @cindex Options menu
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35
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36 @item Buffers
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37 Present a menu of buffers for selection as well as the option to display
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38 a buffer list.
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39 @cindex Buffers menu
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40
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41 @item Tools
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42 Perform various actions designed to automate software development and
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43 similar technical work, such as searching through many files, compiling
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44 a program, and comparing or merging two or three files.
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45 @cindex Tools menu
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46
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47 @item Help
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48 Access to Emacs Info.
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49 @cindex Help menu
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50 @end table
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51 @cindex Pull-down Menus
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52 @cindex menus
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53
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54 There are two ways of selecting an item from a pull-down menu:
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55
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56 @itemize @bullet
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57 @item
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58 Select an item in the menu bar by moving the cursor over it and click the
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59 left mouse-button. Then move the cursor over the menu item you want to choose
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60 and click left again.
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61 @item
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62 Select an item in the menu bar by moving the cursor over it and click and
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63 hold the left mouse-button. With the mouse-button depressed, move the
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64 cursor over the menu item you want, then release it to make your selection.
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65 @end itemize
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66
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67 If a command in the pull-down menu is not applicable in a given
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68 situation, the command is disabled and its name appears faded. You
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69 cannot invoke items that are faded. For example, many commands on the
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70 @b{Edit} menu appear faded until you select text on which they are to
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71 operate; after you select a block of text, edit commands are enabled.
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371
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72 @xref{Mouse Selection} for information on using the mouse to select
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73 text. @xref{Using X Selections} for related information.
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74
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75 There are also @kbd{M-x} equivalents for each menu item. To find the
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76 equivalent for any left-button menu item, do the following:
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77
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78 @enumerate
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79 @item
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80 Type @kbd{C-h k} to get the @code{Describe Key} prompt.
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81 @item
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82 Select the menu item and click.
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83 @end enumerate
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84
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85 Emacs displays the function associated with the menu item in a separate
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86 window, usually together with some documentation.
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87
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88 @menu
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89 * File Menu:: Items on the File menu.
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90 * Edit Menu:: Items on the Edit menu.
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91 * Apps Menu:: Items on the Apps menu.
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92 * Options Menu:: Items on the Options menu.
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93 * Buffers Menu:: Information about the Buffers menu.
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94 * Tools Menu:: Items on the Tools menu.
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95 * Help Menu:: Items on the Help menu.
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96 * Menu Customization:: Adding and removing menu items and related
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97 operations.
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98 @end menu
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99
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100 @node File Menu
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101 @subsection The File Menu
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102
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103 @cindex File menu
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104
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105 The @b{File} menu bar item contains the items @b{New Frame}, @b{Open
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106 File...}, @b{Save Buffer}, @b{Save Buffer As...}, @b{Revert Buffer},
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107 @b{Print Buffer}, @b{Delete Frame}, @b{Kill Buffer} and @b{Exit Emacs}
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108 on the pull-down menu. If you select a menu item, Emacs executes the
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109 equivalent command.
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110
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111 @cindex Open File, New Frame... menu item
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112 @cindex Open File... menu item
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113 @cindex Insert File... menu item
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114 @cindex Save Buffer menu item
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115 @cindex Save Buffer As ... menu item
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116 @cindex Revert Buffer menu item
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117 @cindex Kill Buffer menu item
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118 @cindex Print Buffer menu item
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119 @cindex New Frame menu item
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120 @cindex Delete Frame menu item
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121 @cindex Split Frame
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122 @cindex Un-split (Keep This)
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123 @cindex Un-split (Keep Others)
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124 @cindex Exit Emacs menu item
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125
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126 @table @b
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127 @item Open File, New Frame...
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128 Prompts you for a filename and loads that file into a new buffer in a
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129 new Emacs frame, that is, a new X window running under the same Emacs
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130 process. You can remove the frame using the @b{Delete Frame} menu
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131 item. When you remove the last frame, you exit Emacs and are prompted
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132 for confirmation. @refill
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133
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134 @item Open File...
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135 Prompts you for a filename and loads that file into a new buffer.
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136 @b{Open File...} is equivalent to the Emacs command @code{find-file} (@kbd{C-x
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137 C-f}).@refill
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138
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139 @item Insert File...
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140 Prompts you for a filename and inserts the contents of that file into
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141 the current buffer. The file associated with the current buffer is
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142 not changed by this command. This is equivalent to the Emacs command
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143 @code{insert-file} (@kbd{C-x i}).@refill
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144
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145 @item Save Buffer
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146 Writes and saves the current Emacs buffer as the latest
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147 version of the current visited file. @b{Save Buffer} is equivalent to the
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148 Emacs command @code{save-buffer} (@kbd{C-x C-s}).@refill
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149
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150 @item Save Buffer As...
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151 Writes and saves the current Emacs buffer to the filename you specify.
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152 @b{Save Buffer As...} is equivalent to the Emacs command
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153 @code{write-file} (@kbd{C-x C-w}).@refill
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154
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155 @item Revert Buffer
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156 Restores the last saved version of the file to the current buffer. When
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157 you edit a buffer containing a text file, you must save the buffer
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158 before your changes become effective. Use @b{Revert Buffer} if you do
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159 not want to keep the changes you have made in the buffer. @b{Revert
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160 Buffer} is equivalent to the Emacs command @code{revert-file} (@kbd{M-x
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161 revert-buffer}).@refill
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162
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163 @item Kill Buffer
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164 Kills the current buffer, prompting you first if there are unsaved
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165 changes. This is roughly equivalent to the Emacs command
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166 @code{kill-buffer} (@kbd{C-x k}), except that @code{kill-buffer}
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167 prompts for the name of a buffer to kill. @refill
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168
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169 @item Print Buffer
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170 Prints a hardcopy of the current buffer. Equivalent
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171 to the Emacs command @code{print-buffer} (@kbd{M-x print-buffer}).@refill
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172
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173 @item New Frame
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174 Creates a new Emacs frame displaying the @code{*scratch*} buffer. This
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175 is like the @b{Open File, New Frame...} menu item, except that it does
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176 not prompt for or load a file.@refill
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177
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178 @item Delete Frame
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179 Allows you to close all but one of the frames created by @b{New Frame}.
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180 If you created several Emacs frames belonging to the same Emacs
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181 process, you can close all but one of them. When you attempt to close the
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182 last frame, Emacs informs you that you are attempting to delete the
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183 last frame. You have to choose @b{Exit Emacs} for that.@refill
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184
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185 @item Split Frame
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186 Divides the current window on the current frame into two equal-sized
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187 windows, both displaying the same buffer. Equivalent to the Emacs
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188 command @code{split-window-vertically} (@kbd{C-x 2}).@refill
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189
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190 @item Un-split (Keep This)
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191 If the frame is divided into multiple windows, this removes all windows
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192 other than the selected one. Equivalent to the Emacs command
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193 @code{delete-other-windows} (@kbd{C-x 1}).@refill
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194
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195 @item Un-split (Keep Others)
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196 If the frame is divided into multiple windows, this removes the
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197 selected window from the frame, giving the space back to one of the
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198 other windows. Equivalent to the Emacs command @code{delete-window}
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199 (@kbd{C-x 0}).@refill
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200
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201 @item Exit Emacs
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202 Shuts down (kills) the Emacs process. Equivalent to the Emacs command
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203 @code{save-buffers-kill-emacs} (@kbd{C-x C-c}). Before killing the
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204 Emacs process, the system asks which unsaved buffers to save by going through
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205 the list of all buffers in that Emacs process.@refill
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206 @end table
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207
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208 @node Edit Menu
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209 @subsection The Edit Menu
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210 @cindex Edit menu
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211
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212 The @b{Edit} pull-down menu contains the @b{Undo}, @b{Cut}, @b{Copy},
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213 @b{Paste}, and @b{Clear} menu items. When you select a menu item, Emacs
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214 executes the equivalent command. Most commands on the @b{Edit} menu
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215 work on a block of text, the X selection. They appear faded until you
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216 select a block of text (activate a region) with the mouse. @xref{Using
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217 X Selections}, @pxref{Killing}, and @pxref{Yanking} for more
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218 information.@refill
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219
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220 @c **** zmacs-regions is on by default these days - jwz
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221 @c
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222 @c Note: By default, you can use the @b{Edit} menu items on the region between
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223 @c point an the mark as well as regions selected with the mouse. To change
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224 @c this behavior, set the variable @code{zmacs-regions} to
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225 @c @code{t}. @xref{Active Regions} for more information.
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226
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227 @cindex Undo menu item
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228 @cindex Cut menu item
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229 @cindex Copy menu item
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230 @cindex Paste menu item
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231 @cindex Clear menu item
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232 @cindex Start Macro Recording menu item
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233 @cindex End Macro Recording menu item
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234 @cindex Execute Last Macro menu item
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235 @table @b
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236 @item Undo
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237 Undoes the previous command. @b{Undo} is equivalent to
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238 the Emacs command @code{undo} (@kbd{C-x u}).@refill
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239
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240 @item Cut
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241 Removes the selected text block from the current buffer, makes it the X
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242 clipboard selection, and places it in the kill ring. Before executing
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243 this command, you have to select a region using Emacs region selection
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244 commands or with the mouse.@refill
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245
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246 @item Copy
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247 Makes a selected text block the X clipboard selection, and places it in
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248 the kill ring. You can select text using one of the Emacs region
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249 selection commands or by selecting a text region with the mouse.@refill
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250
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251 @item Paste
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252 Inserts the current value of the X clipboard selection in the current
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253 buffer. Note that this is not necessarily the same as the Emacs
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254 @code{yank} command, because the Emacs kill ring and the X clipboard
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255 selection are not the same thing. You can paste in text you
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256 have placed in the clipboard using @b{Copy} or @b{Cut}. You can also
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257 use @b{Paste} to insert text that was pasted into the clipboard from other
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258 applications.
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259
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260 @item Clear
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261 Removes the selected text block from the current buffer but does not
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262 place it in the kill ring or the X clipboard selection.
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263
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264 @item Start Macro Recording
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265 After selecting this, Emacs will remember every keystroke you type until
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266 @b{End Macro Recording} is selected. This is the same as the Emacs
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267 command @code{start-kbd-macro} (@kbd{C-x (}).
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268
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269 @item End Macro Recording
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270 Selecting this tells emacs to stop remembering your keystrokes. This is
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271 the same as the Emacs command @code{end-kbd-macro} (@kbd{C-x )}).
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272
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273 @item Execute Last Macro
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274 Selecting this item will cause emacs to re-interpret all of the
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275 keystrokes which were saved between selections of the @b{Start Macro
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276 Recording} and @b{End Macro Recording} menu items. This is the same
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277 as the Emacs command @code{call-last-kbd-macro} (@kbd{C-x e}).
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278 @end table
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279
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280 @node Apps Menu
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281 @subsection The Apps Menu
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282 @cindex Apps menu
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283
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284 The @b{Apps} pull-down menu contains the @b{Read Mail (VM)...}, @b{Read
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285 Mail (MH)...}, @b{Send Mail...}, @b{Usenet News}, @b{Browse the Web},
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286 @b{Gopher}, @b{Spell-Check Buffer} and @b{Emulate VI} menu items,
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287 and the @b{Calendar} and @b{Games} sub-menus. When you select a menu
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288 item, Emacs executes the equivalent command. For some of the menu
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289 items, there are sub-menus which you will need to select.
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290
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291 @node Options Menu
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292 @subsection The Options Menu
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293 @cindex Options menu
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294
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295 The @b{Options} pull-down menu contains the @b{Read Only}, @b{Case
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296 Sensitive Search}, @b{Overstrike}, @b{Auto Delete Selection},
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297 @b{Teach Extended Commands}, @b{Syntax Highlighting}, @b{Paren
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298 Highlighting}, @b{Font}, @b{Size}, @b{Weight}, @b{Buffers Menu
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299 Length...}, @b{Buffers Sub-Menus} and @b{Save Options} menu items.
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300 When you select a menu item, Emacs executes the equivalent command.
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301 For some of the menu items, there are sub-menus which you will need
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302 to select.
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303
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304 @cindex Read Only menu item
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305 @cindex Case Sensitive Search menu item
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306 @cindex Overstrike menu item
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307 @cindex Auto Delete Selection menu item
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308 @cindex Teach Extended Commands menu item
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309 @cindex Syntax Highlighting menu item
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310 @cindex Paren Highlighting menu item
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311 @cindex Font menu item
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312 @cindex Size menu item
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313 @cindex Weight menu item
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314 @cindex Buffers Menu Length... menu item
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315 @cindex Buffers Sub-Menus menu item
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316 @cindex Save Options
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317 @table @b
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318 @item Read Only
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319 Selecting this item will cause the buffer to visit the file in a
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320 read-only mode. Changes to the file will not be allowed. This is
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321 equivalent to the Emacs command @code{toggle-read-only}
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322 (@kbd{C-x C-q}).
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323
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324 @item Case Sensitive Search
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325 Selecting this item will cause searches to be case-sensitive. If
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326 its not selected then searches will ignore case. This option is
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327 local to the buffer.
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328
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329 @item Overstrike
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330 After selecting this item, when you type letters they will replace
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331 existing text on a one-to-one basis, rather than pushing it to the
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332 right. At the end of a line, such characters extend the line. Before
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333 a tab, such characters insert until the tab is filled in. This is the
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334 same as Emacs command @code{quoted-insert} (@kbd{C-q}).
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335
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336 @item Auto Delete Selection
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337 Selecting this item will cause automatic deletion of the selected
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338 region. The typed text will replace the selection if the selection
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339 is active (i.e. if its highlighted). If the option is not selected
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340 then the typed text is just inserted at the point.
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341
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342 @item Teach Extended Commands
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343 After you select this item, any time you execute a command with
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344 @kbd{M-x}which has a shorter keybinding, you will be shown the
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345 alternate binding before the command executes.
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346
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347 @item Syntax Highlighting
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348 You can customize your @code{.emacs} file to include the font-lock
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349 mode so that when you select this item, the comments will be
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350 displayed in one face, strings in another, reserved words in another,
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351 and so on. When @b{Fonts} is selected, different parts of the program
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352 will appear in different Fonts. When @b{Colors} is selected, then the
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353 program will be displayed in different colors. Selecting @b{None}
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354 causes the program to appear in just one Font and Color. Selecting
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355 @b{Less} resets the Fonts and Colors to a fast, minimal set of
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356 decorations. Selecting @b{More} resets the Fonts and Colors to a larger
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357 set of decorations. For example, if @b{Less} is selected (which is the
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358 default setting) then you might have all comments in green color.
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359 Whereas, if @b{More} is selected then a function name in the comments
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360 themselves might appear in a different Color or Font.@refill
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361
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362 @item Paren Highlighting
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363 After selecting @b{Blink} from this item, if you place the cursor
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364 on a parenthesis, the matching parenthesis will blink. If you select
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365 @b{Highlight} and place the cursor on a parenthesis, the whole
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366 expression of the parenthesis under the cursor will be highlighted.
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367 Selecting @b{None} will turn off the options (regarding @b{Paren
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368 Highlighting}) which you had selected earlier.@refill
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369
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370 @item Font
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371 You can select any Font for your program by choosing from one of the
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372 available Fonts.
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373
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374 @item Size
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375 You can select any size ranging from @b{2} to @b{24} by selecting the
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376 appropriate option.@refill
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377
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378 @item Weight
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379 You can choose either @b{Bold} or @b{Medium} for the weight.@refill
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380
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381 @item Buffers Menu Length...
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382 Prompts you for the number of buffers to display. Then it will display
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383 that number of most recently selected buffers.
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384
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385 @item Buffers Sub-Menus
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386 After selection of this item the Buffers menu will contain several
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387 commands, as submenus of each buffer line. If this item is unselected,
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388 then there are no submenus for each buffer line, the only command
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389 available will be selecting that buffer.
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390
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391 @item Save Options
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392 Selecting this item will save the current settings of your Options
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393 menu to your @code{.emacs} file.
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394 @end table
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395
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396 @node Buffers Menu
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397 @subsection The Buffers Menu
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398 @cindex Buffers menu
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399 The @b{Buffers} menu provides a selection of up to ten buffers and the
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400 item @b{List All Buffers}, which provides a Buffer List. @xref{List
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371
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401 Buffers} for more information.
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402
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403 @node Tools Menu
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404 @subsection The Tools Menu
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405 @cindex Tools menu
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406
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407 The @b{Tools} pull-down menu contains the @b{Grep...}, @b{Compile...},
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408 @b{Shell Command...}, @b{Shell Command on Region...}, @b{Debug(GDB)...}
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409 and @b{Debug(DBX)...} menu items, and the @b{Compare}, @b{Merge},
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410 @b{Apply Patch} and @b{Tags} sub-menus. When you select a menu item,
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411 Emacs executes the equivalent command. For some of the menu items,
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412 there are sub-menus which you will need to select.
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413
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414 @node Help Menu
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415 @subsection The Help Menu
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416 @cindex Help menu
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417
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418 The Help Menu gives you access to Emacs Info and provides a menu
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419 equivalent for each of the choices you have when using @kbd{C-h}.
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371
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420 @xref{Help} for more information.
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421
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422 The Help menu also gives access to UNIX online manual pages via the
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423 @b{UNIX Manual Page} option.
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424
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425 @node Menu Customization
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426 @subsection Customizing XEmacs Menus
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427
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428 You can customize any of the pull-down menus by adding or removing menu
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429 items and disabling or enabling existing menu items.
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430
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431 The following functions are available:
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432 @table @kbd
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433 @item add-menu: @var{(menu-path menu-name menu-items &optional before)}
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434 Add a menu to the menu bar or one of its submenus.
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435 @item add-menu-item: @var{(menu-path item-name function enabled-p
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436 &optional before)}
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437 Add a menu item to a menu, creating the menu first if necessary.
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438 @item delete-menu-item: @var{(path)}
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439 Remove the menu item defined by @var{path} from the menu hierarchy.
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440 @item disable-menu-item: @var{(path)}
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441 Disable the specified menu item.
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442 @item enable-menu-item: @var{(path)}
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443 Enable the specified previously disabled menu item.
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444 @item relabel-menu-item: @var{(path new-name)}
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445 Change the string of the menu item specified by @var{path} to
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446 @var{new-name}.
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447
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448 @end table
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449
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450 @findex add-menu
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451 @cindex adding menus
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452 Use the function @code{add-menu} to add a new menu or submenu.
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453 If a menu or submenu of the given name exists already, it is changed.
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454
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455 @var{menu-path} identifies the menu under which the new menu should be
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456 inserted. It is a list of strings; for example, @code{("File")} names
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457 the top-level @b{File} menu. @code{("File" "Foo")} names a hypothetical
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458 submenu of @b{File}. If @var{menu-path} is @code{nil}, the menu is
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459 added to the menu bar itself.
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460
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461 @var{menu-name} is the string naming the menu to be added.
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462
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463 @var{menu-items} is a list of menu item descriptions. Each menu item
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464 should be a vector of three elements:
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465
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466 @itemize @bullet
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467 @item
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468 A string, which is the name of the menu item
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469 @item
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470 A symbol naming a command, or a form to evaluate
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471 @item
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472 @code{t} or @code{nil} to indicate whether the item is selectable
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473 @end itemize
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474
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475 The optional argument @var{before} is the name of the menu before which
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476 the new menu or submenu should be added. If the menu is already
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477 present, it is not moved.
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478
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479 @findex add-menu-item
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480 @cindex adding menu items
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481 The function @code{add-menu-item} adds a menu item to the specified
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482 menu, creating the menu first if necessary. If the named item already
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483 exists, the menu remains unchanged.
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484
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485 @var{menu-path} identifies the menu into which the new menu item should
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486 be inserted. It is a list of strings; for example, @code{("File")}
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487 names the top-level @b{File} menu. @code{("File" "Foo")} names a
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488 hypothetical submenu of @b{File}.
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489
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490 @var{item-name} is the string naming the menu item to add.
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491
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492 @var{function} is the command to invoke when this menu item is selected.
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493 If it is a symbol, it is invoked with @code{call-interactively}, in the
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494 same way that functions bound to keys are invoked. If it is a list, the
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495 list is simply evaluated.
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496
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497 @var{enabled-p} controls whether the item is selectable or not.
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498 It should be @code{t}, @code{nil}, or a form to evaluate to decide.
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499 This form will be evaluated just before the menu is displayed, and
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500 the menu item will be selectable if that form returns non-@code{nil}.
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501
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502 For example, to make the @code{rename-file} command available from the
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503 @b{File} menu, use the following code:
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504
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505 @example
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506 (add-menu-item '("File") "Rename File" 'rename-file t)
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507 @end example
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508
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509 To add a submenu of file management commands using a @b{File Management}
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510 item, use the following code:
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511
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512 @example
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513 (add-menu-item '("File" "File Management") "Copy File" 'copy-file t)
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514 (add-menu-item '("File" "File Management") "Delete File" 'delete-file t)
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515 (add-menu-item '("File" "File Management") "Rename File" 'rename-file t)
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516 @end example
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517
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518 The optional @var{before} argument is the name of a menu item before
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519 which the new item should be added. If the item is already present, it
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520 is not moved.
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521
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522 @findex delete-menu-item
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523 @cindex deleting menu items
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524 To remove a specified menu item from the menu hierarchy, use
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525 @code{delete-menu-item}.
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526
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527 @var{path} is a list of strings that identify the position of the menu
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528 item in the menu hierarchy. @code{("File" "Save")} means the menu item
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529 called @b{Save} under the top level @b{File} menu. @code{("Menu" "Foo"
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530 "Item")} means the menu item called @b{Item} under the @b{Foo} submenu
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531 of @b{Menu}.
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532
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533 @findex disable-menu-item
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534 @findex enable-menu-item
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535 @cindex enabling menu items
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536 @cindex disabling menu items
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537
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538 To disable a menu item, use @code{disable-menu-item}. The disabled
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539 menu item is grayed and can no longer be selected. To make the
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540 item selectable again, use @code{enable-menu-item}.
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541 @code{disable-menu-item} and @code{enable-menu-item} both have the
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542 argument @var{path}.
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543
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544 @findex relabel-menu-item
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545 @cindex changing menu items
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546 To change the string of the specified menu item, use
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547 @code{relabel-menu-item}. This function also takes the argument @var{path}.
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548
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549 @var{new-name} is the string to which the menu item will be changed.
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