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1
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2 @iftex
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3 @unnumbered XEmacs Features
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4
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5 This section describes the difference between Emacs Version 18 and
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6 XEmacs.
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7
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8 @unnumberedsec General Changes
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9
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10 @itemize @bullet
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11 @ignore
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12 @item
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13 XEmacs has a new vi emulation mode called evi mode. To
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14 start evi mode in Emacs, type the command @kbd{M-x evi}. If you want
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15 Emacs to automatically put you in evi-mode all the time, include this
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16 line in your init file:
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17 @example
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18 (setq term-setup-hook 'evi)
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19 @end example
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20 @xref{evi Mode} for a brief discussion.
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21 @xref{Init File}.
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22 @end ignore
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23
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24 @item
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25 XEmacs has a new vi emulation mode called ``viper'' mode. To start
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26 viper mode in XEmacs, type the command @kbd{M-x viper-mode}. If you
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27 want XEmacs to automatically put you in viper-mode all the time, include
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28 this line in your init file:
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29 @example
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30 (viper-mode)
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31 @end example
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32 @xref{Init File}.
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33
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34 @item
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35 Earlier versions of Emacs only allowed keybindings to ASCII character
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36 sequences. XEmacs has greatly expanded this by allowing you to
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37 use a vector of key sequences which are in turn composed of a modifier
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38 and a keysym. @xref{Keystrokes} for more information.
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39
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40 @item
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41 The keymap data structure has been reimplemented to allow the use of a
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42 character set larger than ASCII. Keymaps are no longer alists and/or
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43 vectors; they are a new primary data type. Consequently, code which
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44 manipulated keymaps with list or array manipulation functions will no
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45 longer work. It must use the functions @code{define-key} or
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46 @code{map-keymap} and @code{set-keymap-parent} (the new keymap
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47 functions). @xref{Key Bindings} for more information.
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48
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49 @item
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50 Input and display of all ISO-8859-1 characters is supported.
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51
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52 @item
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53 Multiple fonts, including variable-width fonts, and fonts of differing
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54 heights, are supported.
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55
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56 @item
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57 There is a new @file{tags} package and a new UNIX manual browsing
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58 package. They are similar to earlier versions; for more information look
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59 at the source code.
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60
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61 @item
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62 There is a new implementation of Dired, with many new features. The
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63 online info for Dired, @i{not} the Dired node of Emacs info, provides
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64 more detail.
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65
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66 @item
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67 GNUS (a network news reader), VM (an alternative mail reader), ILISP (a
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68 package for interacting with inferior Lisp processes), ANGE-FTP (a package
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69 for making FTP-accessible files appear just like files on the local disk,
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70 even to Dired), Calendar (an Emacs-based calendar and appointment-
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71 management tool), and W3 (an interface to the World Wide Web) are a part
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72 of the XEmacs Lisp library. See the related documentation in the
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73 online info browser.
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74
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75 @item
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76 Emacs now supports floating-point numbers.
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77
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78 @item
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79 When you send mail, mail aliases are now expanded in the buffer. In
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80 earlier versions, they were expanded after the mail-sending command was
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81 executed.
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82
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83 @item
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84 The initial value of @code{load-path} is computed when Emacs starts up,
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85 instead of being hardcoded in when Emacs is compiled. As a result, you
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86 can now move the Emacs executable and Lisp library to a
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87 different location in the file system without having to recompile.
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88
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89 @item
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90 Any existing subdirectories of the Emacs Lisp directory are now added to the
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91 @code{load-path} by default.
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92
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93 @item
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94 On some machines, you can change the audible bell using the
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95 @code{sound-alist} variable. @xref{Audible Bell} for more information.
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96
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97 @item
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98 You can use multiple X windows to display multiple Emacs frames.
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99
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100 @item
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101 You can use the X selection mechanism to copy material from other
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102 applications and into other applications. You can also use all Emacs
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103 region commands on a region selected with the mouse. @xref{Mouse
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104 Selection} for more information.
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105
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106 @item
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107 By default, the variable @code{zmacs-regions} is set to highlight the region
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108 between point and the mark. This unifies X selection and Emacs selection
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109 behavior.
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110
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111 @item
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112 XEmacs has a menu bar for mouse-controlled operations in addition to
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113 keystrokes. @xref{Pull-down Menus}.
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114
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115 @item
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116 You can look in the file @file{/usr/local/lib/xemacs-19.11/etc/Emacs.ad} for
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117 a list of Emacs X resources. You can set these resources in your X
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118 environment to set your preferences for color, fonts, location, and the size
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119 of XEmacs frames. Refer to your X documentation for more information
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120 about resources.
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121
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122 @unnumberedsec New Commands and Variables
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123
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124 There are many new functions in XEmacs, and many existing functions
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125 whose semantics have been expanded. Most of these are only of interest
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126 to the Emacs-Lisp programmer; see the NEWS file @kbd{C-h n} for a complete
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127 list. What follows is a partial list of the new interactive commands:
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128
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129 @findex byte-compile-and-load-file
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130 @findex byte-compile-buffer
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131 @item
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132 @code{byte-compile-and-load-file} and @code{byte-compile-buffer}
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133 byte-compile the contents of a file or buffer.
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134
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135 @findex conx
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136 The new @code{conx} function lets you generate random sentences for your
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137 amusement.
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138
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139 @findex compile-defun
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140 @item
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141 @code{compile-defun} compiles and evaluates the current top-level
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142 form.
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143
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144 @findex find-this-file
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145 @findex find-this-file-other-window
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146 @item
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147 @code{find-this-file} and @code{find-this-file-other-window} can be used
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148 interactively with a prefix argument to switch to the filename at point
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149 in the buffer. @code{find-this-file-other-window} displays the file in
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150 another window.
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151
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152 @findex invert-face
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153 @findex make-face-bold
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154 @findex make-face-bold-italic
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155 @findex make-face-italic
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156 @findex make-face-unbold
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157 @findex make-face-unitalic
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158 @findex set-face-background
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159 @findex set-face-background-pixmap
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160 @findex set-face-font
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161 @findex set-face-foreground
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162 @findex set-face-underline-p
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163 @item
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164 Several new functions have been added that allow you to customize the
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165 color and font attributes of a region of text: @code{invert-face},
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166 @code{make-face-bold}, @code{make-face-bold-italic},
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167 @code{make-face-italic}, @code{make-face-unbold},
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168 @code{make-face-unitalic}, @code{set-face-background},
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169 @code{set-face-background-pixmap}, @code{set-face-font},
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170 @code{set-face-foreground}, and @code{set-face-underline-p}.
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171
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172 @findex load-default-sounds
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173 @findex load-sound-file
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174 @findex play-sound
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175 @item
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176 @code{load-default-sounds} and @code{load-sound-file} allow you to
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177 customize the audible bell sound. @code{load-default-sounds} loads and
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178 installs sound files. @code{load-sound-file} reads in audio files and
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179 adds them to the sound alist. @code{play-sound} plays the specified
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180 sound type.
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181
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182 @findex locate-library
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183 @item
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184 @code{locate-library} finds the file that the function
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185 @code{load-library} loads, and it displays the file's full pathname.
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186
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187 @findex make-directory
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188 @findex remove-directory
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189 @item
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190 @code{make-directory} creates a directory, while @code{remove-directory}
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191 removes a directory.
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192
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193 @findex mark-beginning-of-buffer
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194 @findex mark-end-of-buffer
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195 @item
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196 @code{mark-beginning-of-buffer} and @code{mark-end-of-buffer} push the
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197 mark to the beginning or end of a buffer, respectively.
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198
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199 @findex mouse-del-char
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200 @findex mouse-delete-window
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201 @findex mouse-keep-one-window
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202 @findex mouse-kill-line
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203 @findex mouse-line-length
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204 @findex mouse-scroll
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205 @findex mouse-select
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206 @findex mouse-select-and-split
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207 @findex mouse-set-mark
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208 @findex mouse-set-point
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209 @findex mouse-track
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210 @findex mouse-track-adjust
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211 @findex mouse-track-and-copy-to-cutbuffer
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212 @findex mouse-track-delete-and-insert
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213 @findex mouse-track-insert
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214 @findex mouse-window-to-region
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215 Several functions have been added that allow you to perform various
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216 editing, region, and window operations using the mouse:
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217 @code{mouse-del-char}, @code{mouse-delete-window},
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218 @code{mouse-keep-one-window}, @code{mouse-kill-line},
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219 @code{mouse-line-length}, @code{mouse-scroll}, @code{mouse-select},
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220 @code{mouse-select-and-split}, @code{mouse-set-mark},
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221 @code{mouse-set-point}, @code{mouse-track}, @code{mouse-track-adjust},
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222 @code{mouse-track-and-copy-to-cutbuffer},
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223 @code{mouse-track-delete-and-insert}, @code{mouse-track-insert}, and
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224 @code{mouse-window-to-region}.
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225
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226 @findex compare-windows
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227 @item
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228 @code{compare-windows} takes an argument @var{ignore-whitespace}.
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229 The argument means ignore changes in whitespace.
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230
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231 @end itemize
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232
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233 You can conditionalize your @file{.emacs} file as follows so that XEmacs
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234 commands are invoked only when you are in XEmacs:
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235
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236 @cindex version number
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237 @example
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238 (cond ((string-match "XEmacs" emacs-version)
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239 ;;
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240 ;; Code for any version of XEmacs goes here.
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241 ;;
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242 ))
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243
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244 (cond ((not (string-match "XEmacs" emacs-version)))
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245 ;;
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2537
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246 ;; Code for any version of GNU Emacs goes here.
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247 ;;
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248 ))
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249
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250 (cond ((and (string-match "XEmacs" emacs-version)
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251 (emacs-version>= 21 4))
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252 ;;
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253 ;; Code which requires XEmacs version 21.4 or newer goes here
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254 ;;
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255 ))
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256
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257 (cond ((and (string-match "XEmacs" emacs-version)
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258 (emacs-version>= 21 4 12)
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259 (not (emacs-version>= 21 4 15)))
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428
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260 ;;
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2537
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261 ;; Code which requires exactly XEmacs version 21.4.12 through
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262 ;; 21.4.14, inclusive, goes here. (e.g. A bug was introduced in
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263 ;; 21.4.12 and fixed in 21.4.15 but many of the versions of
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264 ;; XEmacs around in the computer laboratory run those versions,
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265 ;; so I need to introduce a workaround. In such a case, you
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266 ;; should ideally try to conditionalize on something else,
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267 ;; e.g. a feature symbol or a simple test that can be run to
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268 ;; smoke out the bug.)
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269 ;;
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270 ))
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271
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2537
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272 (cond ((and (not (string-match "XEmacs" emacs-version)
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273 (emacs-version>= 20 2))
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274 ;;
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275 ;; Code which requires GNU Emacs version 20.2 or newer, but not XEmacs,
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276 ;; goes here
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428
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277 ;;
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278 ))
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279
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2537
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280 @end example
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281
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282 @emph{NOTE}: @strong{DO} use @code{(emacs-version>= ...)}. @strong{DO NOT}
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283 try to do this yourself using @code{emacs-major-version} and
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284 @code{emacs-minor-version}. You will, with high probability, get it
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285 wrong. Typical attempts to replace @code{(emacs-version>= 21 4)} use
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286
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287 @example
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288 (and (>= emacs-major-version 21)
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289 (>= emacs-minor-version 4))
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290 @end example
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428
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291
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292 which correctly excludes 21.3 and all previous versions,
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293 but also excludes 22.0 through 22.3, 23.0 through 23.3, etc.
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294
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295 A "more clever" version, as advocated in earlier versions
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296 of this very manual, was like this:
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297
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298 @example
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299 (or (> emacs-major-version 21)
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300 (>= emacs-minor-version 4))
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428
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301 @end example
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302
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303 which correctly includes 21.4 and all following versions,
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304 but also includes 20.4 through 20.99999, 19.4 through
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305 19.99999, etc.
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306
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442
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307 Alternatively, use @file{.xemacs/init.el} for an init file. @xref{Init File}.
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308
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309 Of particular interest for use in files are:
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310
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311 @itemize @bullet
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312 @findex add-menu
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313 @findex add-menu-item
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314 @findex delete-menu-item
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315 @findex disable-menu-item
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316 @findex enable-menu-item
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317 @findex relabel-menu-item
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318 @item
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319 @code{add-menu} lets you add a new menu to the menubar or a submenu to a
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320 pull-down menu. @code{add-menu-item}, @code{disable-menu-item},
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321 @code{delete-menu-item}, @code{enable-menu-item}, and
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322 @code{relabel-menu-item} allow you to customize the XEmacs
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323 pull-down menus.
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324
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325 @findex make-frame
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326 @item
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327 @code{make-frame} creates a new Emacs frame (X window).
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328
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329 @end itemize
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330
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331 These new variables are only present in XEmacs:
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332
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333 @itemize @bullet
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334
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335 @vindex minibuffer-confirm-incomplete
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336 @item
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337 @code{minibuffer-confirm-incomplete} prompts for confirmation in
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338 contexts where @code{completing-read} allows answers that are not valid
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339 completions.
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340
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341 @vindex x-mode-pointer-shape
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342 @vindex x-nontext-pointer-shape
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343 @vindex x-pointer-background-color
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344 @vindex x-pointer-foreground-color
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345 @vindex x-pointer-shape
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346 @item
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347 Several variables have been added that allow you to customize the color
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348 and shape of the mouse pointer: @code{x-pointer-background-color},
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349 @code{x-pointer-foreground-color}, @code{x-mode-pointer-shape},
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350 @code{x-pointer-shape}, and @* @code{x-nontext-pointer-shape}.
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351
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352 @vindex zmacs-regions
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353 @item
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354 @code{zmacs-regions} determines whether LISPM-style active regions
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355 should be used.
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356 @end itemize
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357
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358 @unnumberedsec Changes in Key Bindings
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359
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360 XEmacs has the following new default function keybindings:
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361
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362 @table @kbd
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440
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363 @item @key{HELP}
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428
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364 Same as @kbd{C-h}.
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365
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440
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366 @item @key{UNDO}
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428
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367 Same as @kbd{M-x undo}.
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368
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440
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369 @item @key{CUT}
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428
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370 Same as the Cut menu item; that is, it copies the selected text to
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371 the X Clipboard selection.
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372
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440
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373 @item @key{COPY}
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428
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374 Same as the Copy menu item.
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375
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440
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376 @item @key{PASTE}
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428
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377 Same as the Paste menu item.
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378
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379 @item @key{PGUP}
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380 Same as @kbd{M-v}.
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381
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382 @item @key{PGDN}
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383 Same as @kbd{C-v}.
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384
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385 @item @key{HOME}
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386 Same as @kbd{M-<}.
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387
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388 @item @key{END}
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389 Same as @kbd{M->}.
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390
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391 @item @key{LEFT-ARROW}
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392 Same as the function @code{backward-char}.
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393
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440
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394 @item @key{RIGHT-ARROW}
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428
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395 Same as the function @code{forward-char}.
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396
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397 @item @key{UP-ARROW}
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398 Same as the function @code{previous-line}.
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399
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400 @item @key{DOWN-ARROW}
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401 Same as the function @code{next-line}.
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402
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403 @end table
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404
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405
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406 @end iftex
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