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1 @node Packages, Abbrevs, Running, Top
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2 @comment node-name, next, previous, up
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3
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4 @section Packages
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5 @cindex packages
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6
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7 The XEmacs 21 distribution comes only with a very basic set of
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8 built-in modes and packages. Most of the packages that were part of
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9 the distribution of earlier versions of XEmacs are now available
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10 separately. The installer as well as the user can choose which
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11 packages to install; the actual installation process is easy.
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12 This gives an installer the ability to tailor an XEmacs installation for
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13 local needs with safe removal of unnecessary code.
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14
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15 @menu
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16 * Package Terminology:: Understanding different kinds of packages.
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17 * Using Packages:: How to install and use packages.
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18 * Building Packages:: Building packages from sources.
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19 @end menu
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20
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21 @node Package Terminology, Using Packages, , Packages
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22 @comment node-name, next, previous, up
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23
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24 @subsection Package Flavors
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25
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26 There are two main flavors of packages.
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27
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28 @itemize @bullet
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29 @item Regular Packages
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30 @cindex regular packages
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31 A regular package is one in which multiple files are involved and one
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32 may not in general safely remove any of them.
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33
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34 @item Single-File Packages
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35 @cindex single-file packages
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36 A single-file package is an aggregate collection of thematically
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37 related but otherwise independent lisp files. These files are bundled
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38 together for download convenience and individual files may be deleted at
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39 will without any loss of functionality.
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40 @end itemize
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41
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42 @subsection Package Distributions
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43
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44 XEmacs Lisp packages are distributed in two ways, depending on the
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45 intended use. Binary Packages are for installers and end-users and may
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46 be installed directly into an XEmacs package directory. Source Packages
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47 are for developers and include all files necessary for rebuilding
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48 bytecompiled lisp and creating tarballs for distribution.
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49
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50 @subsection Binary Packages
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51 @cindex binary packages
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52 Binary packages may be installed directly into an XEmacs package
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53 hierarchy.
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54
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55 @subsection Source Packages
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56 @cindex source packages
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57 Source packages contain all of the Package author's (where appropriate
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58 in regular packages) source code plus all of the files necessary to
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59 build distribution tarballs (Unix Tar format files, gzipped for space
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60 savings).
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61
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62 @node Using Packages, Building Packages, Package Terminology, Packages
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63 @comment node-name, next, previous, up
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64
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65 @subsection Getting Started
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66
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67 When you first download XEmacs 21, you will usually first grab the
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68 @dfn{core distribution},
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69 @cindex core distribution
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70 a file called
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71 @file{xemacs-21.0.tar.gz}. (Replace the @t{21.0} by the current version
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72 number.) The core distribution contains the sources of XEmacs and a
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73 minimal set of Emacs Lisp files, which are in the subdirectory named
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74 @file{lisp}. This subdirectory used to contain all Emacs Lisp files
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75 distributed with XEmacs. Now, to conserve disk space, most
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76 non-essential packages were made optional.
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77
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78 @subsection Choosing the Packages You Need
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79
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80 The available packages can currently be found in the same ftp directory
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81 where you grabbed the core distribution from, and are located in the
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82 subdirectory @file{packages/binary-packages}. Package file names follow
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83 the naming convention @file{<package-name>-<version>-pkg.tar.gz}.
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84
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85 If you have EFS @ref{(EFS)}, packages can be installed over the network.
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86 Alternatively, if you have copies of the packages locally, you can
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87 install packages from a local disk or CDROM.
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88
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89 The file @file{etc/PACKAGES} in the core distribution contains a list of
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90 the packages available at the time of the XEmacs release. Packages are
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91 also listed on the @code{Options} menu under:
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92
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93 @example
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94 Options->Customize->Emacs->Packages
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95 @end example
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96
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97 However, don't select any of these menu picks unless you actually want
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98 to install the given package (and have properly configured your system
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99 to do so).
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100
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101 You can also get a list of available packages, and whether or not they
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102 are installed, using the visual package browser and installer. You can
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103 access it via the menus:
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104
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105 @example
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106 Options->Manage Packages->List & Install
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107 @end example
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108
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109 Or, you can get to it via the keyboard:
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110
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111 @example
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112 M-x pui-list-packages
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113 @end example
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114
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115 Hint to system administrators of multi-user systems: it might be a good
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116 idea to install all packages and not interfere with the wishes of your
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117 users.
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118
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119 If you can't find which package provides the feature you require, try
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120 using the @code{package-get-package-provider} function. Eg., if you know
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121 that you need @code{thingatpt}, type:
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122
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123 @example
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124 M-x package-get-package-provider RET thingatpt
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125 @end example
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126
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127 which will return something like (fsf-compat "1.06"). You can the use
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128 one of the methods above for installing the package you want.
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129
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130 @subsection XEmacs and Installing Packages
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131
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132 Normally, packages are installed over the network, using EFS
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133 @ref{(EFS)}. However, you may not have network access, or you may
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134 already have some or all of the packages on a local disk, such as a
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135 CDROM. If you want to install from a local disk, you must first tell
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136 XEmacs where to find the package binaries. This is done by adding a line
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442
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137 like the following to your init file:
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138
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139 @example
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140 (setq package-get-remote (cons (list nil "/my/path/to/package/binaries")
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141 package-get-remote))
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142 @end example
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143
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442
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144 @xref{Init File}.
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145
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146 Here, you'd change @file{/my/path/to/package/binaries} to be the path
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147 to your local package binaries. Next, restart XEmacs, and you're ready
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148 to go (advanced users can just re-evaluate the sexp).
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149
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150 If you are installing from a temporary, one-time directory, you can also
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151 add these directory names to @code{package-get-remote} using:
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152
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153 @example
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440
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154 M-x pui-add-install-directory
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428
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155 @end example
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156
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157 Note, however, that any directories added using this function are not
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158 saved; this information will be lost when you quit XEmacs.
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159
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160 If you're going to install over the network, you only have to insure
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161 that EFS @ref{(EFS)} works, and that it can get outside a firewall, if
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162 you happen to be behind one. You shouldn't have to do anything else;
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163 XEmacs already knows where to go. However you can add your own mirrors
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164 to this list. See @code{package-get-remote}.
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165
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166 The easiest way to install a package is to use the visual package
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167 browser and installer, using the menu pick:
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168
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169 @example
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170 Options->Manage Packages->List & Install
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428
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171 @end example
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172 or
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173 @example
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174 Options->Manage Packages->Using Custom->Select-> ...
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175 @end example
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176
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177 You can also access it using the keyboard:
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178
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179 @example
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180 M-x pui-list-packages
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181 @end example
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182
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183 The visual package browser will then display a list of all packages.
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184 Help information will be displayed at the very bottom of the buffer; you
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185 may have to scroll down to see it. You can also press @kbd{?} to get
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186 the same help. From this buffer, you can tell the package status by the
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187 character in the first column:
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188
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189 @table @kbd
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190 @item -
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191 The package has not been installed.
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192 @item *
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193 The package has been installed, but a newer version is available. The
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194 current version is out-of-date.
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195 @item +
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196 The package has been marked for installation/update.
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197 @end table
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198
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199 If there is no character in the first column, the package has been
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200 installed and is up-to-date.
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201
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202 From here, you can select or unselect packages for installation using
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203 the @key{RET} key, the @kbd{Mouse-2} button or selecting "Select" from
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204 the (Popup) Menu.
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205 Once you've finished selecting the packages, you can
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206 press the @kbd{x} key (or use the menu) to actually install the
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207 packages. Note that you will have to restart XEmacs for XEmacs to
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208 recognize any new packages.
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209
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210 Key summary:
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211
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212 @table @kbd
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213 @item ?
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214 Display simple help.
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215 @item @key{RET}
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216 @itemx @key{Mouse-2}
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217 Toggle between selecting and unselecting a package for installation.
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218 @item x
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219 Install selected packages.
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220 @item @key{SPC}
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221 View, in the minibuffer, additional information about the package, such
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222 as the package date (not the build date) and the package author. Moving
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223 the mouse over a package name will also do the same thing.
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224 @item v
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225 Toggle between verbose and non-verbose package display.
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226 @item g
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227 Refresh the package display.
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228 @item q
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229 Kill the package buffer.
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230 @end table
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231
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232 Moving the mouse over a package will also cause additional information
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233 about the package to be displayed in the minibuffer.
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234
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235 @subsection Other package installation interfaces
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236
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237 For an alternative package interface, you can select packages from the
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238 customize menus, under:
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239
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240 @example
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241 Options->Customize->Emacs->Packages-> ...
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242 @end example
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243 or
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244 @example
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245 Options->Manage Packages->Using Custom->Select-> ...
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246 @end example
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247
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248 Set their state to on, and then do:
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249
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250 @example
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251 Options->Manage Packages->Using Custom->Update Packages
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252 @end example
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253
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254 This will automatically retrieve the packages you have selected from the
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255 XEmacs ftp site or your local disk, and install them into
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256 XEmacs. Additionally it will update any packages you already have
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257 installed to the newest version. Note that if a package is newly
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258 installed you will have to restart XEmacs for the change to take effect.
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259
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260 You can also install packages using a semi-manual interface:
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261
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262 @example
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263 M-x package-get-all <return>
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264 @end example
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265
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266 Enter the name of the package (e.g., @code{prog-modes}), and XEmacs
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267 will search for the latest version (as listed in the lisp file
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268 @file{lisp/package-get-base.el}), and install it and any packages that
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269 it depends upon.
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270
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271 @subsection Manual Binary Package Installation
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272
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273 Pre-compiled, binary packages can be installed in either a system
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274 package directory (this is determined when XEmacs is compiled), or in
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275 one of the following
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276 subdirectories of your @file{$HOME} directory:
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277
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278 @example
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279 ~/.xemacs/mule-packages
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280 ~/.xemacs/xemacs-packages
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281 @end example
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282
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283 Packages in the former directory will only be found by a Mule-enabled
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284 XEmacs.
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285
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286 XEmacs does not have to be running to install binary packages, although
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287 XEmacs will not know about any newly-installed packages until you
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288 restart XEmacs. Note, however, that installing a newer version of a
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289 package while XEmacs is running could cause strange errors in XEmacs;
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290 it's best to exit XEmacs before upgrading an existing package.
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291
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292 To install binary packages manually:
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293
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294 @enumerate
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295 @item
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296 Download the package(s) that you want to install. Each binary package
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297 will typically be a gzip'd tarball.
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298
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299 @item
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300 Decide where to install the packages: in the system package
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301 directory, or in @file{~/.xemacs/mule-packages} or
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302 @file{~/.xemacs/xemacs-packages}, respectively. If you want to install
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303 the packages in the system package directory, make sure you can write
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304 into that directory. If you want to install in your @file{$HOME}
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305 directory, create the directory, @file{~/.xemacs/mule-packages} or
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306 @file{~/.xemacs/xemacs-packages}, respectively.
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307
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308 @item
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309 Next, @code{cd} to the directory under which you want to install the
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310 package(s).
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311
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312 @item
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313 From this directory, uncompress and extract each of the gzip'd tarballs
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314 that you downloaded in step 1. Unix and Cygnus cygwin users will
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315 typically do this using the commands:
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316
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317 @example
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318 gunzip < package.tar.gz | tar xvf -
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319 @end example
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320
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321 Above, replace @file{package.tar.gz} with the filename of the
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322 package that you downloaded in step 1.
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323
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324 Of course, if you use GNU @code{tar}, you could also use:
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325
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326 @example
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327 tar xvzf package.tar.gz
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428
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328 @end example
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329
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330 @comment What about native MS Windows users???
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331
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332 @item
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333 That's it. Quit and restart XEmacs to get it to recognize any new or
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334 changed packages.
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335
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336 @end enumerate
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337
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338 @node Building Packages, , Using Packages, Packages
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339 @comment node-name, next, previous, up
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340
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341 Source packages are available from the @file{packages/source-packages}
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342 subdirectory of your favorite XEmacs distribution site. Alternatively,
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343 they are available via CVS from @file{cvs.xemacs.org}. Look at
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344 @file{http://cvs.xemacs.org} for instructions.
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345
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346 @subsection Prerequisites for Building Source Packages
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347
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348 You must have GNU @code{cp}, GNU @code{install} (or a BSD compatible
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349 @code{install} program) GNU @code{make} (3.75 or later preferred),
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350 @code{makeinfo} (1.68 from @code{texinfo-3.11} or later required), GNU
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351 @code{tar} and XEmacs 21.0. The source packages will untar into a
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352 correct directory structure. At the top level you must have
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353 @file{XEmacs.rules} and @file{package-compile.el}. These files are
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354 available from the XEmacs FTP site from the same place you obtained your
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355 source package distributions.
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356
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357 @subsection What You Can Do With Source Packages
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358
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359 NB: A global build operation doesn't exist yet as of 13 January 1998.
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360
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361 Source packages are most useful for creating XEmacs package tarballs
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362 for installation into your own XEmacs installations or for
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363 distributing to others.
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364
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365 Supported operations from @file{make} are:
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366
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367 @table @code
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368 @item clean
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369 Remove all built files except @file{auto-autoloads.el} and @file{custom-load.el}.
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370
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371 @item distclean
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372 Remove XEmacs backups as well as the files deleted by @code{make clean}.
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373
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374 @item all
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375 Bytecompile all files, build and bytecompile byproduct files like
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376 @file{auto-autoloads.el} and @file{custom-load.el}. Create info version
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377 of TeXinfo documentation if present.
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378
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379 @item srckit
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380 Usually aliased to @code{make srckit-std}. This does a @code{make
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381 distclean} and creates a package source tarball in the staging
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382 directory. This is generally only of use for package maintainers.
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383
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384 @item binkit
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385 May be aliased to @code{binkit-sourceonly}, @code{binkit-sourceinfo},
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386 @code{binkit-sourcedata}, or
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387 @code{binkit-sourcedatainfo}. @code{sourceonly} indicates there is
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388 nothing to install in a data directory or info directory.
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389 @code{sourceinfo} indicates that source and info files are to be
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390 installed. @code{sourcedata} indicates that source and etc (data) files
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391 are to be installed. @code{sourcedatainfo} indicates source, etc
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392 (data), and info files are to be installed. A few packages have needs
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393 beyond the basic templates so this is not yet complete.
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394
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395 @item dist
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396 Runs the rules @code{srckit} followed by @code{binkit}. This is
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397 primarily of use by XEmacs maintainers producing files for distribution.
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398
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399 @end table
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