annotate etc/TUTORIAL.es @ 771:943eaba38521

[xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben] The big ben-mule-21-5 check-in! Various files were added and deleted. See CHANGES-ben-mule. There are still some test suite failures. No crashes, though. Many of the failures have to do with problems in the test suite itself rather than in the actual code. I'll be addressing these in the next day or so -- none of the test suite failures are at all critical. Meanwhile I'll be trying to address the biggest issues -- i.e. build or run failures, which will almost certainly happen on various platforms. All comments should be sent to ben@xemacs.org -- use a Cc: if necessary when sending to mailing lists. There will be pre- and post- tags, something like pre-ben-mule-21-5-merge-in, and post-ben-mule-21-5-merge-in.
author ben
date Wed, 13 Mar 2002 08:54:06 +0000
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1 Copyright (c) 1985 Free Software Foundation, Inc; Vea al final las
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2 condiciones. Usted está viendo el tutorial de Emacs.
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3
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4 Los comandos de Emacs generalmente ivolucran a la tecla CONTROL (algunas
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5 veces llamada CTRL O CTL) o la tecla meta algunas veces llamada (EDIT o
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6 ALT). En lugar de escribir esto completamente en cada ocasión, usaremos
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7 las siguientes abreviaciones.
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8
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9 C-<chr> significa mantener presionada la tecla CONTROL mientras digita el
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10 caracter <chr>. Por lo tanto C-f será: Mantenga presionada la
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11 tecla CONTROL y digite f.
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12 M-<chr> significa mantega presionada la tecla META o EDIT o ALT mientras
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13 digita <chr>. Si no hay teclas META, EDIT o ALT, en su lugar
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14 presione y libere la tecla <esc> y luego digite <CHR>.
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15 Escribimos <ESC> para la tecla ESC.
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16
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17 Nota importante: para finalizar la sesión de Emacs presione C-x C-c.
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18 (dos caracteres.) los caracteres ">>" al margen izquierdo indican
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19 instrucciones para que usted trate de usar un comando. Por ejemplo:
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20 <<Blank lines inserted here by startup of help-with-tutorial>>
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21 >> Ahora digite C-v (ver la proxima pantalla) para desplazarse a la
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22 siguiente pantalla (hágalo manteniendo la tecla control oprimida
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23 mientras digita v).
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24 Desde ahora usted deberia hacer esto cada vez que termine de
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25 leer la pantalla
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26
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27 Note que se sobrelapan dos líneas cuando usted se mueve de pantalla en
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28 pantalla; esto proveé una continuidad para que pueda seguir leyendo el
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29 texto.
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30
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31 La primera cosa que necesita saber es como moverse de un lugar a otro en
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32 el texto. Usted ya sabe como adelantar una pantalla con C-v. Para mover
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33 atras una pantalla oprima M-v (mantega oprimida la tecla META y digite v,
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34 o presione <ESC>v si no tiene las teclas META, EDIT o ALT).
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35
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36 >> Intente oprimir M-v y luego C-v, varias veces.
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37
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38 * RESUMEN
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39 ---------
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40
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41 Los siguentes comandos son útiles para ver pantallas completas:
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42
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43 C-v Avanzar una pantalla completa
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44 M-v Retroceder una pantalla completa
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45 C-l Limpiar la pantalla y mostrar todo el texto de nuevo,
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46 moviendo el texto alrededor del cursor al centro de la
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47 pantalla (Esto es control-L, no control-1.)
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48
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49 >> Encuentre el cursor,y note cual texto está cerca a este.
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50 Luego oprima C-l.
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51 Encuentre el cursor otra vez y note que el mismo texto está cerca al
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52 cursor ahora.
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53
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54 * MOVIMIENTO BÁSICO DE CURSOR
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55 -----------------------------
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56
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57 Moverse de una pantalla completa a otra es útil, pero cómo moverse a
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58 un lugar específico dentro del texto en la pantalla?
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59
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60 Hay varias formas para que pueda hacerlo. La forma más básica es usar los
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61 comandos C-p, C-b, C-f, y C-n. Cada uno de estos comandos mueve el cursor
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62 una fila o columna en una dirección particular en la pantalla.
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63 Aquí hay una tabla mostrando estos cuatro comandos y las direcciones en
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64 que ellos mueven
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65
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66 Línea Anterior, C-P
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67 :
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68 :
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69 Atrás, C-b.... Posición actual del cursor .... Adelante, C-f
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70 :
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71 :
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72 Línea siguiente, C-n
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73
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74 >> Mueva el cursor a la línea en la mitad del diagrama
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75 usando C-n o C-p. Luego presione C-l para ver el
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76 diagrama completo centrado en la pantalla.
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77
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78 Usted probablemente encontrará fácil recordarlos mediante las letras
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79 P de Previous (anterior), N de Next (siguiente), B de Backward (atrás)
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80 y F de Forward (adelante).
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81 Estos son los comandos básicos de posicionamiento del cursor y estará
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82 usándolos TODO el tiempo, serán de gran beneficio si los aprende a usar
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83 ahora.
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84
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85 >> Presione unas veces C-n para traer el cursor a esta línea.
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86
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87 >> Muévase en la línea con C-f y hacia arriba con C-p.
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88 Observe lo que hace C-p cuando el cursor está en la mitad de la línea.
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89
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90 Cada línea de texto termina con un caracter de nueva línea, esto sirve
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91 para separarla de la siguiente línea. La última línea en su archivo debe
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92 tener una nueva línea al final (pero Emacs no requiere que esta lo tenga).
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93
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94 >> Intente usar C-b al comienzo de una línea. Debería moverse al
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95 final de la línea previa. Esto es porque retrocede antes del caracter
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96 de nueva línea.
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97
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98 C-f puede moverse por una nueva línea justo como C-b.
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99
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100 >> Presione algunas C-b más para que entienda donde se encuentra el cursor.
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101 Luego presione C-f para retornar al final de la línea.
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102 Al final presione una vez mas C-f para moverse a la siguiente línea.
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103
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104 Cuando pase el tope o el final de la pantalla, el texto más alla del borde
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105 de la pantalla se mostrará. Esto es llamado "desplazamiento" Esto le
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106 permite a Emacs mover el cursor al lugar especificado en el texto sin
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107 moverlo fuera de la pantalla.
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108
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109 >> Intente mover el cursor fuera del borde de la pantalla con C-n y
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110 observe qué pasa.
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111
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112 Si moverse por caracteres es muy lento, se puede mover por palabras. M-f
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113 (META-F) mueve adelante una palabra y M-b mueva atrás una palabra.
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114
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115 >> Oprima unas veces M-f y M-b
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116
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117 Cuando está en la mitad de una palabra, M-f mueve al final de la palabra.
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118 Cuando está en un espacio entre dos palabras, M-f mueve al final de la
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119 siguiente palabra. M-b trabaja de la misma forma en la dirección opuesta.
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120
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121 >> Oprima unas veces M-f y M-b, intercale con C-f y C-b de tal forma que
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122 observe la acción de M-f y M-b desde varios sitios dentro y entre
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123 palabras.
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124
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125 Note el paralelo entre C-f y C-b de un lado y M-f y M-b del otro.
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126 Muy frecuentemente los caracteres Meta son usados para operaciones
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127 relacionadas, con las unidaes definidas por el lenguaje
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128 (palabras, oraciones y parrafos), mientras los caracteres Control operan
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129 sobre unidades que son independientes de lo que usted está
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130 editando (caracteres, líneas, etc).
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131
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132 Este paralelo se aplica entre líneas y oraciones: C-a y C-e para moverse
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133 al comienzo o al final de la línea; y M-a y M-e para mover al comienzo o
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134 al final de una oración.
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135
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136 >> Intente unas veces C-a, y a continuación C-e.
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137 >> Intente unos M-a, y otros M-e.
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138
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139 Mire cómo la repeticion de C-a no hace nada, pero la repeticion de M-a
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140 sigue moviendo una oración adelante, aunque no son muy análogas, cada una
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141 parece natural.
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142
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143 La localización del cursor en el texto es también llamada "punto", en
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
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144 otras palabras el cursor muestra sobre la pantalla donde esta el punto
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145 localizado dentro del texto.
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146
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147 Aquí hay un resumen de operaciones simples del movimiento del cursor,
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
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148 incluyendo los comandos de movimiento en oracion y palabra:
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149
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150 C-f Moverse adelante un caracter
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151 C-d Moverse atrás un caracter
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152
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153 M-f Moverse adelante una palabra
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154 M-b Moverse atrás una palabra
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155
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156 C-n Moverse a la línea siguiente
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157 C-p Moverse a la línea anterior
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158
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159 C-a Moverse al comienzo de la línea
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160 C-e Moverse al final de la línea
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161
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162 M-a Moverse al comienzo de la oración
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ben
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163 M-e Moverse al final de la oración
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164
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165 >> Pruebe todos estos comandos unas veces para practicar.
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166 Estos comandos son los usados más frecuentemente.
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167
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ben
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168 Otros dos comandos de movimiento del cursor importantes son M-< (Meta
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169 Menor que), el cual se mueve al comienzo del texto entero, y M->( Meta
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170 Mayor que), el cual se mueve al final del texto entero.
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171
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172 En la mayoría de terminales, el "<" está sobre la coma, por lo tanto usted
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173 puede usar la tecla shift para generarlo. En estas terminales usted podrá
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174 usar la tecla shift también al teclear M-<; sin la tecla shift, usted
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175 estaría escribiendo M-coma.
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176
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177 >> Ahora pruebe M-<, para moverse al comienzo del tutorial.
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178 A continuación use C-v repetidamente para regresar aquí.
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179
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180 >> Ahora pruebe M->, para moverse el final del tutorial.
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181 Después use M-v repetidamente para regresar aquí.
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182
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183 También puede mover el cursor con las teclas de la flecha si su
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184 terminal tiene teclas de flecha. Recomendamos aprender C-b, C-f,
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185 C-n y C-p por tres razones. Primero, ellos funcionan en todo tipo de
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186 terminales. Segundo, una vez usted gane práctica usando Emacs, usted
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187 encontrará que teclear estos caracteres Control es más rápido que
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188 usar teclas de flecha ( porque no tendrá que retirar sus manos de
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189 la posición para teclear). Tercero, una vez tenga el hábito de usar
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190 estos comandos Control, también puede aprender fácilmente a usar otros
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191 comandos avanzados de movimiento de cursor.
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192
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ben
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193 La mayoría de comandos de Emacs aceptan un argumento númerico; para
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194 la mayoría de comandos esto sirve como un factor de repetición. La manera que
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195 a un comando usted da un factor de repetición es tecleando C-u y luego los
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196 dígitos antes de introducir los comandos. Si usted tiene una tecla META
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197 ( o EDIT o ALT), hay una manera alternativa para ingresar un argumento
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198 númerico: teclear los dígitos mientras presiona la tecla META.
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199 Recomendamos aprender el método C-u porque este funciona en cualquier terminal.
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200 El argumento númerico es también llamado un "argumento prefijo", porque usted
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201 teclea el argumento antes del comando al que se aplica.
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202
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ben
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203 Por ejemplo, C-u 8 C-f mueve hacia adelante ocho caracteres.
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204
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205 >> Pruebe usar C-n o C-p con un argumento númerico, para mover el cursor
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206 a una línea cerca a esta con solo un comando.
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207
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ben
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208 La mayoría de comandos usan argumentos numéricos como un factor de repetición,
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209 pero algunos comandos lo usan de otra forma. Varios comandos (pero ninguno
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210 de los que ha aprendido hasta ahora) usan esto como una marca -- la
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ben
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211 presencia de un argumento prefijo, sin tener en cuenta su valor, hace
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212 que el comando actúe de forma diferente.
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213
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214 C-v y M-v son otro tipo de excepción. Cuando se les da un argumento,
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215 ellos desplazan la pantalla arriba o abajo esa cantidad de líneas, en vez
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216 de una pantalla completa. Por ejemplo, C-u 8 C-v desplaza la pantalla 8
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217 líneas.
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218
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ben
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219 >> Pruebe tecleando C-u 8 C-v ahora.
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220
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ben
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221 Este debió haber desplazado la pantalla hacia arriba 8 líneas.
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222 Si usted quisiera desplazarla hacia abajo de nuevo, usted puede dar un
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223 argumento a M-v.
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224
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225 Si usted esta usando X Window, debe haber una área rectangular larga
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226 llamada una barra de desplazamiento al lado izquierdo de la ventana de
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227 Emacs. Usted puede desplazar el texto al oprimir el boton del mouse en la
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228 barra de desplazamiento.
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229
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ben
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230 >> Pruebe presionando el botón del medio en la parte superior del area
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231 resaltada en la barra de desplazamiento. Este debe desplazar el texto a
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
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232 una posición determinada por cuán alto o bajo oprima el botón.
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233
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234 >> Intente mover el mouse arriba y abajo, mientras mantiene el botón el
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
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235 medio presionado. Usted verá que el texto se desplaza arriba y abajo
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
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236 a medida que mueve el mouse.
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237
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ben
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238
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ben
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239
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ben
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240 * CUANDO EMACS ESTÁ BLOQUEADO
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ben
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241 -----------------------------
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ben
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242
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
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243 Si Emacs deja de responder a sus comandos, usted puede detenerlo con
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
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244 seguridad al teclear C-g. Puede usar C-g para detener un comando
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
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245 que está tomando mucho tiempo para ejecutarse.
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ben
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246
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ben
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247 También puede usar C-g para descartar un argumento númerico o el comienzo
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ben
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248 de un comando que usted no quiere finalizar.
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249
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ben
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250 >> Escriba C-u 100 para hacer un argumento númerico de 100, entonces
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251 pruebe C-g. Ahora pruebe C-f. Esto deberá mover sólo un caracter, ya
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
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252 que usted canceló el argumento con C-g.
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ben
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253
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
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254 Si usted ha digitado <ESC> por error, usted puede desecharlo con un C-g.
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255
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256
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257 * COMANDOS DESACTIVADOS
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258 -----------------------
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259
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
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260 Algunos comandos de Emacs son "desactivados" de manera que los usuarios
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261 principiantes no puedan usarlos por accidente.
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262
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ben
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263 Si usted prueba uno de los comandos desactivados, Emacs muestra un mensaje
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ben
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264 informando cuál comando era, y preguntándole si usted quiere continuar y
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265 ejecutar el comando.
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266
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ben
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267 Si usted realmente quiere intentar el comando, oprima espacio como repuesta
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ben
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268 a la pregunta. Normalmente, si usted no quiere ejecutar el comando
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
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269 desactivado, conteste la pregunta con "n".
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270
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271 >> Escriba C-x C-1 (que es un comando desactivado), a continuación escriba
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272 n para responder la pregunta.
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273
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274
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275 * VENTANAS
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276 ----------
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277
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278 Emacs puede tener varias ventanas, cada una mostrando su propio texto.
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279 Explicaremos después como usar múltiples ventanas. Ahora queremos
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280 explicar cómo deshacerse de ventanas adicionales y volver a la edición
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ben
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281 básica en una ventana. Es sencillo:
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282
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283 C-x 1 Una ventana (i.e., elimina todas las otras ventanas).
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284
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285 Esto es Control x seguido por el digito 1. C-x 1 expande la ventana que
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286 contiene el cursor, para ocupar toda la pantalla. Esto borra todas las
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
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diff changeset
287 otras ventanas.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
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288
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
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289 >> Mueva el cursor a esta línea y escriba C-u 0 C-l.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
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290 >> Escriba Control-h k Control-f.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
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291 Mire como esta ventana se encoge, mientras una nueva aparece y
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
292 muestra documentacion sobre el comando Control-f.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
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293
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
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294 >> Escriba C-x 1 y vea la ventana de listado de documentación desaparecer.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
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295
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
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296 Este comando es diferente a los otros comandos que usted ha aprendido en
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
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297 que este consiste de dos caracteres. Este comienza con el caracter Control-x.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
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298 Hay toda una serie de comandos que comienzan con Control-x; muchos de
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
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299 ellos tienen que ver con ventanas, archivos, buffers y cosas
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
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300 relacionadas. Estos comandos son de una longitud de dos, tres o cuatro
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
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diff changeset
301 caracteres.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
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302
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
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303 * INSERTANDO Y BORRANDO
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
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304 -----------------------
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
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305
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
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306 Si usted quiere insertar un texto sólo escribalo. Los caracters que
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
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307 usted puede ver, tales como A, 7, *, etc. Son tomados por Emacs como texto
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
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308 e insertados inmediatamente. Oprima <Return> (la tecla Enter) para
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
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309 insertar un caracter de nueva línea.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
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310
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ben
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311 Usted puede borrar el último caracter que escribió oprimiendo <Delete>.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
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312 <Delete> es una tecla, que puede estar marcada como "Del". En algunos
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
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313 casos la tecla "Backspace" sirve como <Delete>, ¡pero no siempre!
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
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314
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
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315 Generalmente <Delete> borra el caracter inmediatamente anterior a la
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
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316 posición actual del cursor.
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317
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
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318 >> Haga esto ahora -- Teclee unos pocos caracteres, y bórrelos con
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
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319 la tecla <Delete>. No se preocupe si este archivo cambia, no alterará
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
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320 el tutorial principal. Esta es su copia personal.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
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321
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
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322 Cuando una línea de texto se hace muy grande para una sola línea en la
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
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323 pantalla, la línea de texto es "continuada" en una segunda línea. Un
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
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324 backslash ("\") en el margen derecho indica que la línea ha sido
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
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325 continuada.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
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326
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ben
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327 >> Inserte texto hasta que llegue al margen derecho, y siga insertando.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
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328 Verá a continuación aparecer una línea.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
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329
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
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330 >> Use <Delete> para borrar el texto hasta que la línea de nuevo quepa
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
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331 en la pantalla. La línea de continuación se pierde.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
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332
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
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333 Puede borrar un caracter de Nueva línea justo como cualquier otro
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
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334 caracter. Al borrar un caracter de Nueva línea entre dos líneas
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
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335 las combina en una sola. Si el resultado de la combinación de líneas es
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
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336 demasiado largo para caber en el ancho de la pantalla, será mostrada
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
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337 una línea de continuación.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
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338
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
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339 >> Mueva el cursor al comienzo de una línea y oprima <Delete>. Esto
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
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340 unirá esta línea con la anterior.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
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341
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
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342 >> Oprima <Return> para reinsertar la nueva línea que borró.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
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343
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
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344 Recuerde que a la mayoría de los comandos de Emacs se les puede dar un
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
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345 factor de repetición, esto incluye caracteres de texto. Repetir un
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
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346 caracter de texto lo inserta varias veces.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
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347
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
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348 >> Ahora trate esto -- teclee C-u 8 * para insertar ********.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
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349
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
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350 Usted ha aprendido la manera más básica de teclear algo en Emacs
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
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351 y corregir errores. Puede borrar por palabras o por líneas. Este es un
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
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352 resumen de las operaciones de borrado:
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
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353
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
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354 <Delete> borra el caracter justo antes que el cursor
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
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355 C-d borra el siguiente caracter después del cursor
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
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356
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
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357 M-<Delete> Elimina la palabra inmediatamente antes del cursor
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
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358 M-d Elimina la siguiente palabra antes del cursor
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ben
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359
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
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360 C-k Elimina desde el cursor hasta el fin de la línea
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
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361 M-k Elimina hasta el final de la oración actual.
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ben
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362
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
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363 Note que <Delete> y C-d contra M-<Delete> y M-d extienden el paralelo
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
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364 iniciado por C-f y M-f (bien, <Delete> no es realmente una tecla de
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
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365 control, pero no nos preocuparemos ahora por eso). C-k y M-k son como
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
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366 C-e y M-e, en ciertas forma, en que las líneas son oraciones opuestas.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
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367
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
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368 También puede eliminar cualquier parte del buffer con un método uniforme.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
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369 Muevase a un extremo de esa parte, y digite C-@ o C-SPC (cualquiera de
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
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diff changeset
370 los dos). Muévase al extremo de esa parte y teclee
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
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371 C-w. Eso elimina todo el texto entre las dos posiciones.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
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diff changeset
372
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
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373 >> Mueva el cursor a la letra T al inicio del párrafo anterior.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
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diff changeset
374 >> Teclee C-SPC. Emacs debe mostrar el mensaje "Mark set" en la parte de
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
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diff changeset
375 abajo de la pantalla.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
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diff changeset
376 >> Mueva el cursor a la x en "extremo", en la segunda línea del parrafo.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
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377 >> Teclee C-w. Esto eliminará el texto que comienza desde la T, y
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
378 termina justo antes de la x.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
379
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
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380 Cuando usted borra más de un caracter a la vez, Emacs salva el texto
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
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diff changeset
381 borrado de manera que usted lo puede recuperar. Recuperar el texto se
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
382 llamará "yanking". Usted puede recuperar el texto eliminado en el
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
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diff changeset
383 lugar donde fue eliminado, o en otro lugar en el texto. Usted puede
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
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diff changeset
384 recuperar el texto varias veces para hacer múltiples copias de este. El
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
385 comando para recuperar es C-y.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
386
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
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diff changeset
387 Note la diferencia entre "Eliminar" y "Borrar" las cosas que "elimina"
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
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diff changeset
388 pueden ser recuperadas y las que "borra" no. Generalmente,
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
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diff changeset
389 los comandos que pueden remover mucho texto lo salvan, mientras los
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
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diff changeset
390 comandos que borran sólo un caracter, o líneas y espacios, no salvan el
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
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diff changeset
391 texto borrado.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
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diff changeset
392
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
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diff changeset
393 >> Mueva el cursor al comienzo de una línea que no esté desocupada. Luego
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
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diff changeset
394 digite C-k para eliminar el texto de esa línea.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
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diff changeset
395 >> Oprima C-k por segunda vez. Usted verá que elimina la nueva
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
396 línea que sigue a esa.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
397
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
398 Note que al oprimir C-k una sola vez elimina el contenido de la línea , y
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
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diff changeset
399 un segundo C-k elimina la línea misma, y hace que todas las otras líneas
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
400 se muevan hacia arriba. C-k trata un argumento numérico especialmente:
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
401 Elimina ese número de líneas y sus contenidos. Esto no es una simple
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
402 repetición. C-u 2 C-k elimina dos líneas y sus nuevas líneas, tecleando
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
403 C-k dos veces no hace esto.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
404
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
405 Para recuperar el último texto eliminado y ponerlo donde el cursor
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
406 actualmente está, oprima C-y
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
407
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
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diff changeset
408 >>Inténtelo; oprima C-y para recuperar el texto.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
409
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
410 Piense en C-y como si estuviera recuperando algo que alguien le quitó. Note
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
411 que si usted hace varias C-k seguidas, todo lo que ha sido eliminado del
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
412 texto se salva junto, de manera que un C-y recuperará todas las líneas.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
413
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
414 >>Haga esto ahora, oprima C-k varias veces.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
415
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
416 Ahora para recuperar ese texto eliminado:
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
417
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
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diff changeset
418 >> Teclee C-y. Entonces baje el cursor unas pocas líneas y oprima C-y de
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
419 nuevo. Ahora sabe como copiar un texto.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
420
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
421 Qué hacer si usted tiene algún texto que quiere recuperar, pero elimina
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
422 otro antes de recuperarlo? C-y recuperaría la eliminación más reciente,
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
423 pero el texto previo no está perdido. Puede regresar a éste usando el
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
424 comando M-y. Después de haber tecleado C-y para conseguir la eliminación
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
425 más reciente, escribiendo M-y reemplaza el texto recuperado con la
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
426 eliminación previa. Tecleando M-y una y otra vez traerá las
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
427 eliminaciones anteriores. Cuando usted ha encontrado el texto que
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
428 buscaba, usted no tiene que hacer nada para conservarlo.Sólo siga con
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
429 su edición, dejando el texto recuperado donde está.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
430
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
431 Si usted digita M-y suficientes veces, usted regresa al punto inicial
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
432 (la eliminación más reciente)
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
433
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
434 >> Elimine una línea muévase, elimine otra línea.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
435 Luego oprima C-y para recuperar la segunda línea eliminada.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
436 Entonces oprima M-y, y será reemplazada por la primera línea eliminada.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
437 Oprima más veces M-y y vea lo que sucede. Siga haciéndolo hasta que la
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
438 segunda línea eliminada regrese, y entonces unas pocas más. Si usted
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
439 quiere, puede tratar de darle a M-y argumentos positivos y negativos.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
440
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
441
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
442 * DESHACER
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
443 ----------
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
444
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
445 Si hace un cambio al texto, y luego decide que fue un error,
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
446 puede deshacer el cambio con el comando deshacer C-x u.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
447
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
448 Normalmente, C-x u deshace los cambios hechos por un comando; si repite
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
449 varias veces seguidas C-x u, cada repetición deshará un comando
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
450 adicional.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
451
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
452 Pero hay dos excepciones: comandos que no cambian el texto no cuentan
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
453 (esto incluye los comandos de movimiento del cursor y el comando de
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
454 desplazamiento), y los caracteres de autoinserción son usualmente manejados
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
455 en grupos de hasta 20 (estos es para reducir el numero de C-x u que tiene que
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
456 realizar para deshacer una inserción en el texto).
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
457
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
458 >> Elimine esta línea con C-k, después C-x u debería reaparecerla.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
459
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
460 C-_ es un comando alterno para deshacer, este trabaja igual que C-x u,
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
461 pero es más facil de usar varias veces seguidas. La desventaja
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
462 de C-_ es que en algunos teclados no es obvio como se genera. Por esto
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
463 proveemos C-x u también. En algunas terminales, usted puede oprimir C-_
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
464 al digitar / mientras oprime CONTROL.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
465
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
466 Un argumento numérico para C-_ o C-x u actúa como un factor de repetición.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
467
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
468
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
469 * ARCHIVOS
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
470 ----------
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
471
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
472 Para hacer permanente el texto que edite, lo debe colocar en un
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
473 archivo. De otra manera, este se se perderá cuando cierre Emacs.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
474 Para poder poner su texto en un archivo, usted debe "encontrar" el
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
475 archivo antes de ingresar el texto (esto también es llamado "visitar"
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
476 el archivo.)
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
477
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
478 Encontrar un archivo significa que usted puede observar su contenido
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
479 dentro de Emacs. Esto de cierta forma, es como si usted estuviera editando
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
480 el archivo. Aunque los cambios que usted haga usando Emacs no serán
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
481 permanentes hasta que "salve" el archivo. Esto es para no dejar un archivo
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
482 a medio cambiar en el sistema cuando usted no quiere. Incluso cuando
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
483 usted salve, Emacs dejará el archivo original bajo un nombre cambiado en
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
484 caso de que luego usted decida que sus cambios fueron un error.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
485
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
486 Si mira cerca del final de la pantalla podrá ver una línea que
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
487 comienza y termina con guiones, y comienza con "--:-- TUTORIAL" o algo
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
488 así. Esta parte de la pantalla normalmente muestra el nombre del archivo
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
489 que está visitando. En este momento usted está visitando un archivo
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
490 llamado "TUTORIAL" que es su borrador personal del tutorial de Emacs. Cuando
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
491 encuentre un archivo con Emacs, el nombre del archivo aparecerá en ese
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
492 mismo sitio.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
493
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
494 Una cosa especial acerca del comando para encontrar un archivo, es que
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
495 usted tendrá que decir cual archivo desea. Decimos que el comando
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
496 "lee un argumento desde la terminal" (en este caso, el argumento es
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
497 el nombre del archivo). Despues de generar el comando:
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
498
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
499 C-x C-f Encontrar un archivo
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
500
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
501 Emacs le pide que digite el nombre del archivo. El nombre de archivo que
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
502 digite aparecerá en la línea final de la pantalla. A la línea final de la
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
503 pantalla se le denomina minibuffer cuando es usada para este tipo de entradas.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
504 Puede usar comandos de edición ordinarios de Emacs para editar el nombre
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
505 del archivo.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
506
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
507 Cuando está ingresando el nombre del archivo (o cualquier otra
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
508 información al minibuffer) usted puede cancelar el comando con C-g.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
509
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
510 >> Oprima C-x C-f, luego oprima C-g. Esto cancela el minibuffer y
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
511 también cancela el comando C-x C-f que estaba usando el
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
512 minibuffer. Así que no encontrará archivo alguno.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
513
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
514 Cuando usted haya finalizado de ingresar el nombre del archivo, oprima
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
515 <Return> para terminarlo. Entonces el comando C-x C-f trabaja y encuentra
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
516 el archivo que usted escogió. El minibuffer desaparece cuando el comando
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
517 C-x C-f termina.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
518
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
519 Después aparece el contenido del archivo en la pantalla y usted puede editarlo.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
520 Cuando quiera hacer cambios permanentes, teclee el comando
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
521
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
522 C-x C-s Salvar el archivo
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
523
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
524 Este copia el texto de Emacs al archivo. La primera vez que usted haga
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
525 esto, Emacs renombrará el archivo original con un nuevo nombre para que
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
526 este no se pierda. El nuevo nombre se obtendrá adicionándo "~"
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
527 al final del nombre del archivo original.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
528
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
529 Cuando la operación de salvar haya terminado, Emacs mostrará el
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
530 nombre del archivo escrito. Usted debería salvar frecuentemente, para que
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
531 no pierda mucho trabajo si el sistema deja de funcionar.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
532
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
533 >> Presione C-x C-s, salvando la copia del tutorial. Esto debería
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
534 imprimir "Wrote...TUTORIAL" al final de la pantalla.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
535
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
536 NOTA: En algunos sistemas, oprimir C-x C-s dejará inmóvil la pantalla y
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
537 usted no podrá ver más respuesta de Emacs. Esto indica que una
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
538 "característica" del sistema operativo llamada ''control de flujo''
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
539 está interceptando el comando C-s y no permitiéndole llegar a Emacs.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
540 Para descongelar la pantalla, presione C-q. Entonces consulte la sección
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
541 "entrada espontánea para búsqueda incremental'' en el manual de
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
542 Emacs para encontrar información de cómo tratar con esta "característica".
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
543
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
544 Usted puede encontrar un archivo existente para verlo o editarlo,
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
545 también puede hacerlo con un archivo que no existe. Esta es la forma
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
546 de crear un archivo en Emacs: encuentre el archivo, comenzará vacio, luego
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
547 comience a introducir el texto al archivo. Cuando invoque "salvar" el archivo,
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
548 Emacs creará realmente el archivo con el texto que introdujo. Desde ahí,
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
549 usted puede considerarse estar editando un archivo existente.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
550
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
551
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
552 * BUFFERS
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
553 ---------
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
554
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
555 Si visita un segundo archivo con C-x C-f, el primer archivo permanece en
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
556 Emacs. Usted puede volver al primer encontrándolo de nuevo con C-x C-f. De
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
557 esta forma usted puede mantener un gran número de archivos en Emacs.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
558
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
559 >> Cree un archivo llamado "foo" presionando C-x C-f foo <Return>
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
560 luego inserte algún texto, edítelo, y salve "foo" presionando C-x
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
561 C-s. Finalmente presione C-x C-f TUTORIAL <Return> para regresar al
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
562 tutorial.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
563
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
564 Emacs almacena cada archivo de texto dentro de un objeto llamado
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
565 "buffer". Al encontrar un archivo se crea un nuevo buffer dentro de
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
566 Emacs. Para mirar la lista de los buffers que existen actualmente en
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
567 su sesión de Emacs, presione:
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
568
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
569 C-x C-b Lista de Buffers
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
570
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
571 >> Intente ahora C-x C-b.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
572
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
573 Mire como cada buffer tiene un nombre, y ademas puede tener un nombre de
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
574 archivo para el archivo que contiene. Algunos Buffers no corresponden a
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
575 archivos; por ejemplo, el buffer llamado "*Buffer List*" no tiene ningún
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
576 archivo. Este es el buffer que tiene la lista de buffers que fue creado
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
577 por C-x C-b. CUALQUIER archivo de texto que vea en una ventana de Emacs,
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
578 es siempre parte de algún Buffer.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
579
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
580 >> Presione C-x 1 para deshacerse de la lista de buffers.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
581
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
582 Si usted hace cambios al texto de un archivo, y luego encuentra otro
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
583 archivo, esto no salva el primer archivo. Estos cambios permanecerán
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
584 dentro de Emacs en el buffer del archivo. La creación o edición del
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
585 segundo buffer de archivo no afecta al primero. Esto es muy útil pero
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
586 significa que necesita una forma conveniente para salvar el archivo del
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
587 primer buffer. Sería una molestia tener que volver a este con C-x
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
588 C-f para salvarlo con C-x C-s así que tenemos
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
589
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
590 C-x s Guardar algunos buffers
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
591
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
592 C-x s le pregunta sobre cada buffer que contenga cambios que usted no
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
593 ha salvado. Le pregunta por cada buffer si salvarlo o no.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
594
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
595 >> Inserte una línea de texto, y teclee C-x s.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
596 Esto debería preguntarle si desea salvar el buffer llamado TUTORIAL.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
597 Conteste si a la pregunta presionando "y".
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
598
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
599 * EXTENDIENDO EL CONJUNTO DE COMANDOS
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
600 -------------------------------------
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
601
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
602 Hay muchísimos más comandos de Emacs que podrían ser posiblemente
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
603 puestos en todos los caracteres control y meta. Emacs puede lograrlo
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
604 usando el comando X (eXtendido). Este viene de dos formas:
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
605
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
606 C-x Caracter eXtendido seguido por un caracter.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
607 M-x Comando eXtendido por nombre. Seguido por un nombre largo.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
608
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
609 Estos comandos son generalmente útiles pero usados menos que los
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
610 comandos que usted hasta ahora ha aprendido. Hasta ahora ha visto dos
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
611 de estos: los comandos de archivo C-x C-f para encontrar y C-x C-s
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
612 para salvar. Otro ejemplo es el comando para terminar la sesión de
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
613 Emacs -- este es el comando C-x C-c ( no se preocupe por perder los
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
614 cambios que usted haya hecho; C-x C-c ofrece salvar cada archivo alterado
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
615 antes de que este elimine a Emacs.)
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
616
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
617 C-z es el comando para salir de Emacs *temporalmente*-- para que usted
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
618 pueda regresar a la misma sesión de Emacs después.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
619
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
620 En sistemas que lo permiten C-z "suspende" Emacs; esto es, se retorna
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
621 al shell pero no se destruye Emacs. En los shells más comunes, usted
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
622 puede reanudar Emacs con el comando `fg' o con `%emacs'.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
623
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
624 En sistemas que no se implemente el suspendido, C-z crea un subshell
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
625 que corre bajo Emacs para darle la opción de correr otros programas y
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
626 regresar a Emacs después; esto en realidad no "sale" de Emacs. En este
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
627 caso, el comando shell `exit' es la vía usual para regresar a Emacs
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
628 desde el subshell.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
629
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
630 El momento para usar C-x C-c es cuando usted está listo para salir.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
631 Es además el paso correcto para salir de Emacs llamado bajo programas de
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
632 manejo de correo y otra variedad de utilidades, puesto que ellos no
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
633 saben cómo lidiar con la suspensión de Emacs. En circunstancias normales,
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
634 si usted no va a salir, es mejor suspender Emacs con C-z en lugar de
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
635 salir de este.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
636
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
637 Existen varios comandos C-x. Aqui hay una lista de algunos que usted
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
638 ha aprendido:
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
639
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
640 C-x C-f Encontrar archivo.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
641 C-x C-s Salvar archivo.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
642 C-x C-b Lista de buffers.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
643 C-x C-c Salir de Emacs.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
644 C-x 1 Borrar todo menos una ventana.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
645 C-x u Deshacer.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
646
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
647 Los comandos llamados eXtendidos son comandos usados con menos frecuencia
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
648 o comandos que son usados únicamente en ciertos modos. Un ejemplo es
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
649 el comando replace-string, el cual globalmente reemplaza una cadena
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
650 con otra. Cuando usted teclea M-x, Emacs le pregunta al final de la
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
651 pantalla con M-x y usted debe escribir el nombre del comando; en este
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
652 caso "replace-string". Solo escriba "repl s<TAB>" y Emacs completará
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
653 el nombre. Finalice el nombre del comando con <Return>.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
654
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
655 El comando replace-string requiere dos argumentos -- la cadena a
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
656 reemplazar, y la cadena para reemplazarla. Usted debe terminar cada
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
657 argumento con <Return>.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
658
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
659 >> Mueva el cursor hacia la línea en blanco dos líneas debajo de esta. A
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
660 continuación escriba
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
661 M-x repl s<Return>cambiado<Return>alterado<Return>.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
662
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
663 Note cómo esta línea ha cambiado: usted reemplaza la palabra
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
664 c-a-m-b-i-a-d-o con "alterado" en cada ocurrencia, después de la
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
665 posición inicial del cursor.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
666
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
667 * AUTO SALVADO
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
668 --------------
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
669
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
670 Cuando usted ha hecho cambios en un archivo, pero usted no ha salvado
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
671 estos todavía, estos podrían perderse si su sistema deja de funcionar. Para
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
672 protegerlo de esto, Emacs periódicamente escribe un archivo "auto salvado"
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
673 para cada archivo que usted está editando. El nombre del
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
674 archivo auto salvado tiene un # al principio y al final; por ejemplo, si su
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
675 archivo se llama "hola.c", su archivo auto salvado es "#hola.c#". Cuando
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
676 usted salva por la vía normal, Emacs borra su archivo de auto salvado.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
677
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
678 Si el sistema deja de funcionar usted puede recuperar su edición de
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
679 auto salvado encontrando el archivo normal (el archivo que estuvo editando,
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
680 no el archivo de auto salvar) y entonces presionando M-x recover file<Return>.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
681 Cuando le pregunte por la confirmación, teclee yes<Return> para ir y
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
682 recuperar la información del auto-salvado.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
683
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
684 * AREA ECO
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
685 ----------
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
686
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
687 Si Emacs ve que usted está presionando comandos de multicaracteres
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
688 lentamente, este le muestra estos al final de la pantalla en un área
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
689 llamada "área de eco". El área de eco contiene la línea final de la pantalla.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
690
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
691 * LÍNEA DE MODO
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
692 ---------------
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
693
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
694 La línea inmediatamente encima del área de eco es llamada el "línea de modo"
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
695 dice algo así:
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
696
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
697 --:** TUTORIAL (Fundamental)--l730--58%---------
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
698
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
699 Esta línea da información útil acerca de el estado de Emacs y del
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
700 texto que usted está editando.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
701
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
702 Usted ya sabe qué significa el nombre del archivo -- este es el
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
703 archivo que usted ha encontrado. --NN%-- indica posición actual en el
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
704 texto; esto significa que NN porciento del texto está encima de la
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
705 parte superior de la pantalla. Si el principio del archivo está en la
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
706 pantalla, este dirá --Top-- en vez de --00%--. Si el final del texto está
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
707 en la pantalla, este dirá --Bot--. Si usted está mirando un texto tan
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
708 pequeño que cabe en la pantalla, el modo de línea dirá --All--.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
709
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
710 La L y los dígitos indican la posición de otra forma: ellos dan el
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
711 número de línea actual del punto.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
712
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
713 Las estrellas cerca del frente significan que usted ha hecho cambios
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
714 al texto. Exactamente despues de que usted visite o salve un archivo,
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
715 esa parte del modo de línea no muestra estrellas, solo los guiones.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
716
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
717 La parte del modo de línea dentro de los paréntesis es para indicarle
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
718 en qué modo de edición está usted. El modo por defecto es Fundamental,
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
719 el cual es el que usted está usando ahora. Este es un ejemplo de un
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
720 "modo mayor".
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
721
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
722 Emacs tiene diferentes modos mayores. Algunos de estos están
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
723 hechos para editar diferentes lenguajes y/o clases de texto, tales como
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
724 modo Lisp, modo de Texto, etc. En cualquier momento solamente un modo
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
725 mayor está activo, y su nombre se encuentra siempre en el modo
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
726 de línea donde "Fundamental" está ahora.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
727
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
728 Cada modo mayor hace que algunos comandos actúen diferente
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
729 por ejemplo, hay comandos para crear comentarios en un programa, y como
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
730 cada lenguaje de programación tiene una idea diferente de cómo debe verse
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
731 un comentario, cada modo mayor tiene que insertar comentarios de
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
732 forma distinta. Cada modo mayor es el nombre de un comando
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
733 extendido, que es como usted puede cambiar a ese modo. Por ejemplo,
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
734 M-x fundamental-mode es un comando para cambiar al modo fundamental.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
735
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
736 Si usted va a editar un texto en español, tal como este archivo,
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
737 probablemente tendrá que usar el modo de texto.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
738
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
739 >> Teclee M-x text-mode<Return>.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
740
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
741 No se preocupe, ninguno de los comandos de Emacs que ha aprendido cambia
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
742 de manera significativa. Pero usted puede ver que M-f y M-b tratan a los
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
743 apóstrofes como parte de las palabras. Previamente, en modo Fundamental,
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
744 M-f y M-b trataban los apóstrofes como separadores de palabras.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
745
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
746 Los modos mayores usualmente hacen cambios sutiles como el
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
747 anterior: La mayoría de comandos hacen "el mismo trabajo" en cada modo
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
748 mayor, pero funcionan un poco diferente.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
749
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
750 Para ver documentación en su modo mayor actual, teclee C-h m.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
751
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
752 >> Use C-u C-v una vez o mas para llevar esta línea cerca de la
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
753 parte superior de la pantalla.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
754
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
755 >> Teclee C-h m, para ver cómo el modo de texto difiere del modo
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
756 Fundamental.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
757
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
758 >> Teclee C-x 1 para eliminar la documentación de la pantalla.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
759
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
760 Los modos mayores son llamados así porque también hay modos menores.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
761 Los modos menores no son alternativas para los modos mayores, apenas
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
762 modificaciones menores de estas. Cada modo menor puede ser activado o
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
763 desactivado por si mismo, independiente de todos los otros modos
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
764 menores, e independiente de su modo mayor. Entonces usted puede no usar
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
765 modos menores, o un modo menor o alguna combinación de varios modos
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
766 menores.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
767
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
768 Un modo menor que es muy útil, especialmente para editar textos en
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
769 inglés, es el modo Auto Fill. Cuando este modo es encendido, Emacs
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
770 rompe la línea entre palabras automáticamente cuando quiera que inserte
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
771 texto y haga una línea que es bastante ancha.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
772
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
773 Usted puede activar el modo Auto Fill al hacer M-x auto fill mode<Return>.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
774 Cuando el modo este activado, usted puede desactivarlo nuevamente usando
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
775 M-x autofill mode<Return>.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
776 Si el modo está desactivado, este comando lo activa, y si el modo está
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
777 activado, este comando lo desactiva. Decimos que el comando "cambia el
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
778 modo".
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
779
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
780 >> Teclee M-x auto fill mode<Return> ahora. Luego inserte una línea
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
781 de "asdf " repetidas veces hasta que la vea dividida en dos líneas.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
782 Usted debe intercalar espacios porque Auto Fill sólo rompe
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
783 líneas en espacios.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
784
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
785 El margen es usualmente puesto en 70 caracteres, pero usted puede
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
786 cambiarlo con el comando C-x f. Usted debe dar el margen deseado
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
787 como un argumento numérico.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
788
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
789 >> Teclee C-x f con un argumento de 20. (C-u 2 0 C-x f).
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
790 Entonces teclee algún texto y vea como Emacs llena con este líneas de
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
791 20 caracteres. Entonces ponga de nuevo el margen a 70 usando otra
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
792 vez C-x f.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
793
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
794 Si usted hace cambios en el medio de un párrafo, el modo Auto Fill no
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
795 lo rellenará por usted.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
796 Para rellenar el párrafo, teclee M-q (Meta-q) con el cursor dentro de
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
797 ese párrafo.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
798
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
799 >>Mueva el cursor al párrafo anterior y teclee M-q.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
800
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
801 * BUSCANDO
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
802 ----------
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
803
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
804 Emacs puede hacer búsquedas de cadenas (estas son grupos de caracteres
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
805 contiguos o palabras) hacia adelante a través del texto o para atrás
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
806 en el mismo. La busqueda de una cadena es un comando de movimiento de
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
807 cursor; esto mueve el cursor al próximo lugar donde esa cadena aparece.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
808
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
809 El comando de búsqueda de Emacs es diferente a los comandos de búsqueda
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
810 de los demás editores, en que este es "incremental". Esto significa que
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
811 la búsqueda ocurre mientras usted teclea la cadena para buscarla.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
812
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
813 El comando para iniciar una búsqueda es C-s para búsqueda hacia adelante,
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
814 y C-r para la búsqueda hacia atrás. PERO ESPERE! no intente esto ahora.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
815
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
816 Cuando teclee C-s usted verá que la cadena "I-search" aparece como un
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
817 llamado en el área de eco. Esto le dice que Emacs está en lo que se
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
818 conoce como búsqueda incremental, esperando que usted teclee la cosa que
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
819 quiere buscar. <Return> termina una busqueda.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
820
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
821 >> Ahora teclee C-s para comenzar la búsqueda. LENTAMENTE, una letra a
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
822 la vez, teclee la palabra 'cursor', haciendo pausa después de cada
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
823 caracter para notar lo que pasa con el cursor.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
824 Ahora ha buscado "cursor", una vez.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
825 >> Ahora teclee C-s de nuevo, para buscar la próxima aparición de
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
826 "cursor".
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
827 >> Ahora presione <Delete> cuatro veces y mire como se mueve el cursor.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
828 >> Teclee <Return> para terminar la búsqueda.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
829
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
830 Vió lo que ocurrió? Emacs, en una búsqueda incremental, trata de ir a la
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
831 ocurrencia de la cadena que usted ha tecleado hasta el momento. Para ir
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
832 a la próxima ocurrencia de "cursor" solo teclee C-s de nuevo. Si tal
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
833 ocurrencia no existe, Emacs pita y le dice que la búsqueda actual está
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
834 fallando (failing). C-g también termina la búsqueda.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
835
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
836 NOTA: En algunos sistemas, oprimir C-x C-s dejará inmovil la pantalla y
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
837 usted no podra ver más respuesta de Emacs. Esto indica que una
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
838 "característica" del sistema operativo llamada ''control de flujo''
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
839 está interceptando el comando C-s y no permitiéndole llegar a Emacs.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
840 Para descongelar la pantalla, presione C-q. Entonces consulte la sección
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
841 "entrada espontánea para búsqueda incremental'' en el manual de
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
842 Emacs para encontrar información de cómo tratar con esta "característica".
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
843
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
844 Si usted está en medio de una búsqueda incremental y teclea <Delete>,
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
845 usted notara que el último caracter de la cadena buscada es borrado y
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
846 la búsqueda vuelve al último sitio de la búsqueda. Por ejemplo, suponga
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
847 que usted ha tecleado "c", para buscar la primera ocurrencia de "c".
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
848 Ahora, si teclea "u", el cursor se moverá a la primera ocurrencia de
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
849 "cu". Ahora teclee <Delete>. Esto borra la "u" de la cadena buscada,
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
850 y el cursor vuelve a la primera ocurrencia de "c".
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
851
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
852 Si usted está en medio de una búsqueda y teclea un caracter
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
853 control o meta (con algunas pocas excepciones-- los caracteres que son
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
854 especiales en una búsqueda, tales como C-s y C-r), la búsqueda es
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
855 terminada.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
856
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
857 El C-s inicia una exploración que busca alguna ocurrencia de la cadena
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
858 buscada DESPUES de la posición actual del cursor. Si usted quiere buscar
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
859 algo anterior en el texto, teclee en cambio C-r. Todo lo que hemos
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
860 dicho sobre C-s también se aplica a C-r, excepto que la dirección de la
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
861 búsqueda es invertida.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
862
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
863 * MúLTIPLES VENTANAS
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
864 --------------------
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
865
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
866 Una de las agradables características de Emacs es que usted puede mostrar más
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
867 de una ventana en la pantalla al mismo tiempo.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
868
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
869 >> Mueva el cursor a esta línea y teclee C-u 0 C-l.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
870
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
871 >> Ahora teclee C-x 2 que divide la pantalla en dos ventanas. Ambas
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
872 ventanas muestran este tutorial. El cursor permanece en la ventana
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
873 superior.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
874
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
875 >> Teclee C-M-v para desplazar la ventana inferior. (si usted no
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
876 tiene una tecla Meta real, teclee ESC C-v)
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
877
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
878 >> Teclee C-x o ("o" para "otro") para mover el cursor a la ventana
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
879 inferior.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
880 >> Use C-v y M-v en la ventana inferior para desplazarla. Siga
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
881 leyendo estas direcciones en la ventana superior.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
882
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
883 >> Teclee C-x o de nuevo para mover el cursor de vuelta a la ventana
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
884 superior. El cursor en la ventana superior está justo donde estaba
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
885 antes.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
886
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
887 Usted puede continuar usando C-x o Para cambiar entre las ventanas. Cada
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
888 ventana tiene su propia posición del cursor, pero únicamente una
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
889 ventana actual muestra el cursor. Todos los comandos de edición comunes
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
890 se aplican a la ventana en que está el cursor. Nosotros la llamamos
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
891 "ventana seleccionada".
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
892
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
893 El comando C-M-v es muy útil cuando usted está editando un texto en una
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
894 ventana y usando la otra ventana como referencia. Usted puede mantener
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
895 el cursor siempre en la ventana donde está editando, y avanzar a la
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
896 otra ventana secuencialmente con C-M-v.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
897
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
898 C-M-v es un ejemplo de un carácter CONTROL-META. Si usted tiene una
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
899 tecla Meta real, usted puede oprimir C-M-v Sosteniendo a la vez CONTROL
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
900 y META mientras oprime v. No importa cual tecla oprima primero CONTROL o META.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
901 Porque las dos teclas actúan modificando los caracteres que usted digita.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
902 Si usted no tiene una tecla META real, y en vez de esta usa ESC, el
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
903 orden importa: usted debe digitar ESC seguido de Control-v, porque
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
904 Control-ESC v no trabajará. Esto es porque ESC es un carácter que tiene
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
905 valor en sí mismo, no es una tecla modificadora.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
906
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
907 >> digite C-x 1 (en la parte de arriba de la ventana) para deshacerse
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
908 de la ventana del final.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
909
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
910 (Si usted hubiera digitado C-X 1 en la ventana inferior, esto eliminaría la
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
911 superior. Piense en este comando como "mantener sólo una ventana -- la
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
912 ventana en la cual estoy".)
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
913
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
914 Usted no tiene que mostrar el mismo buffer en ambas ventanas. Si usted
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
915 usa C-x C-f para encontrar un archivo en una ventana, la otra ventana
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
916 no cambia. Usted puede encontrar un archivo en cada ventana
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
917 independientemente.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
918
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
919 Aquí hay otra forma para usar dos ventanas para mostrar dos cosas
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
920 diferentes:
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
921
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
922 >> Digite C-x 4 C-f seguido del nombre de uno de sus archivos.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
923 Finalice con <Return>. Vea que el archivo especificado aparece en la
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
924 ventana inferior. El cursor vá allá también.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
925
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
926 >> Digite C-x o para regresar a la ventana superior, y C-x 1 para borrar
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
927 la ventana inferior.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
928
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
929 * NIVELES RECURSIVOS DE EDICIÓN
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
930 --------------------------------
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
931
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
932 Algunas veces usted entrará a lo que es llamado un "nivel recursivo
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
933 de edición". Esto está indicado por paréntesis cuadrados en la línea de modo
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
934 , rodeando los paréntesis del nombre del modo mayor. Por ejemplo,
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
935 usted probablemente vea [(Fundamental)] en vez de (Fundamental)
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
936
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
937 Para salir de los niveles recursivos de edición, presione ESC ESC ESC.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
938 Este es un comando de "salida" para todo propósito. Usted también lo
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
939 puede usar para eliminar ventanas extras, y salir del minibuffer.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
940
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
941 >> Digite M-x para entrar a un minibuffer; Entonces digite ESC ESC ESC
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
942 para salir.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
943
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
944 Usted no puede usar C-g para salir de los "niveles recursivos de
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
945 edición". Esto es porque C-g es usado para cancelar comandos y
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
946 argumentos DENTRO del nivel recursivo de edición.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
947
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
948 * CONSIGUIENDO MAS AYUDA
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
949 ------------------------
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
950
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
951 En este tutorial hemos tratado de ofrecer suficiente información para
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
952 que usted empiece a usar Emacs. Hay tanto disponible en Emacs que
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
953 sería imposible explicar todo aquí, sin embargo, usted puede querer
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
954 aprender más sobre Emacs, ya que este tiene muchas otras características
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
955 útiles. Emacs provee comandos para leer documentación acerca de los
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
956 comandos de Emacs. Estos comandos de "ayuda" todos comienza con el
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
957 caracter Control-h, que es llamado el caracter de ayuda (help).
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
958
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
959 Para usar las características de ayuda, digite el caracter C-h, y
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
960 entonces un carácter diciciendo qué tipo de ayuda quiere. Si usted está
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
961 REALMENTE perdido digite c-h ? y Emacs le dirá qué tipo de ayuda puede
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
962 ofrecerle. Si usted ha digitado C-h y decide que no quiere ninguna
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
963 ayuda, digite C-g para cancelarlo.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
964
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
965 (Algunos sitios cambian el significado del carácter C-h. Ellos realmente
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
966 no deberían hacer esto como una política para todos los
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
967 usuarios, así que usted tiene argumentos para quejarse al administrador
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
968 del sistema. Mientras tanto, sí C-h no muestra un mensaje de ayuda en
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
969 el final de la pantalla, intente digitar la tecla F1 o en su lugar M-x
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
970 help <Return>).
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
971
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
972 La característica más básica en la AYUDA es C-h c. Digite C-h, el
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
973 caracter c y un caracter de comando o una secuencia de comando; entonces
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
974 Emacs muestra una muy breve descripción del comando.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
975
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
976 >> Digite C-h c C-p.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
977 El mensaje debe ser algo como
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
978 C-p runs the command previous-line
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
979
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
980 Esto le dice el "nombre de la función". Los nombres de función son
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
981 usados principalmente para adecuar y extender Emacs. Pero ya que los
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
982 nombres de las funciones son seleccionados para indicar lo que el comando
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
983 hace, ellos tambien pueden servir como una breve documentación --
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
984 suficiente para recordarle los comandos que ha aprendido.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
985
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
986 Los comandos de múltiples caracteres tales como C-x C-s y (sí usted no
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
987 tiene las teclas META o EDIT o ALT) <Esc>v, están permitidos también
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
988 después de C-h c.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
989
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
990 Para conseguir más información sobre un comando use C-h k en vez de
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
991 C-h c.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
992
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
993 >> Digite C-h k C-p.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
994
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
995 Esto muestra la documentación de la función, al igual que el nombre, en
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
996 una ventana de Emacs. Cuando usted haya terminado de leer el resultado,
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
997 digite C-x 1 para deshacerse del texto de ayuda. No tiene que hacer esto
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
998 ahora. Usted puede hacer algunas ediciones mientras se refiere al texto
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
999 de ayuda, y entonces digitar C-x 1.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
1000
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
1001 Aquí hay algunas otras opciones útiles de C-h:
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
1002
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
1003 C-h f Describe una función. Usted digita el nombre de la
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
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parents:
diff changeset
1004 función.
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diff changeset
1005
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1006 >> Intente digitar C-h f previous-line<Return>.
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diff changeset
1007 Esto imprime toda la información que Emacs tiene sobre la función que
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diff changeset
1008 implementa el comando C-p
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diff changeset
1009
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1010 C-h a Comando Apropos. Digite una palabra y Emacs hará una
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
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diff changeset
1011 lista de todos los comandos que contengan la palabra
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1012 digitada. Todos Estos comandos pueden ser invocados con
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parents:
diff changeset
1013 Meta-x. Para algunos comandos, el comando Apropos
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diff changeset
1014 también listará una secuencia de uno a dos caracteres
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diff changeset
1015 la cual correrá el mismo comando.
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parents:
diff changeset
1016
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1017 >> Digite C-h a file<Return>.
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diff changeset
1018
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diff changeset
1019 Esto muestra en otra ventana una lista de todos los comandos M-x con
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
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parents:
diff changeset
1020 la palabra "file" en sus nombres. Usted verá comandos de caracteres como
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
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diff changeset
1021 C-x C-f listados además de los nombres de los comandos correspondientes
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
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diff changeset
1022 tales como find-file.
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diff changeset
1023
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
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diff changeset
1024 >> Digite C-M-v para desplazar la ventana de ayuda. Haga esto unas pocas
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
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diff changeset
1025 veces.
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diff changeset
1026
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
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diff changeset
1027 >> Digite C-x 1 para borrar la ventana de ayuda.
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diff changeset
1028
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
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diff changeset
1029 * CONCLUSIÓN
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
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diff changeset
1030 ------------
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diff changeset
1031
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
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diff changeset
1032 Recuerde, Para salir permanentemente de Emacs use C-x C-c. Para salir a un
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
1033 Shell temporalmente, de forma que usted puede volver a Emacs después, use C-z.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
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parents:
diff changeset
1034
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
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diff changeset
1035 Este tutorial intenta ser entendible para todos los usuarios
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
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diff changeset
1036 nuevos, así que si encuentra algo confuso, no se siente y se culpe a sí
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
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diff changeset
1037 mismo - quéjese!
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diff changeset
1038
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parents:
diff changeset
1039 * COPIADO
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
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parents:
diff changeset
1040 ---------
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
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parents:
diff changeset
1041
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
1042 Este tutorial desciende de una larga línea de tutoriales de Emacs
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
1043 comenzando con el escrito por Stuart Cracraft para el Emacs original.
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diff changeset
1044 La versión en español fue traducida por estudiantes del Gimnasio Fidel Cano
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
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parents:
diff changeset
1045 (un colegio en Santafé de Bogotá, Colombia):
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diff changeset
1046
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
1047 Carlos Alberto López Troncoso
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ben
parents:
diff changeset
1048 Andrés Felipe Mancipe Galvis
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ben
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diff changeset
1049 Lina Fernanda Pinto García
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ben
parents:
diff changeset
1050 Liliana Carolina Quitián Cedeño
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ben
parents:
diff changeset
1051 Leonardo Ramírez Vargas <leonardoramirez@latinmail.com>
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ben
parents:
diff changeset
1052 Juan David Vargas Botero <cyberbob1164@hotmail.com>
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ben
parents:
diff changeset
1053 Juan Pablo Yela Gallón
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ben
parents:
diff changeset
1054 Jorge Enrique Cárdenas Carrillo <platypus_life@hotmail.com>
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parents:
diff changeset
1055
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
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diff changeset
1056 además la versión en español ha sido revisada y corregida por:
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parents:
diff changeset
1057 Pablo Reyes <reyes_pablo@hotmail.com>
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ben
parents:
diff changeset
1058 Igor Támara <ikks@bigfoot.com>
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parents:
diff changeset
1059 Melissa Giraldo de Támara <melagira@yahoo.com>
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ben
parents:
diff changeset
1060 Vladimir Támara <vtamara@gnu.org>
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parents:
diff changeset
1061
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
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diff changeset
1062 Por favor, en caso de duda, sólo es válido el original en inglés de la
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
1063 siguiente nota de derechos de reproducción (que puede encontrar en el
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
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diff changeset
1064 archivo TUTORIAL).
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
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parents:
diff changeset
1065
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
1066 Copyright (c) 1985, 1996 Free Software Foundation
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
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parents:
diff changeset
1067
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
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diff changeset
1068 Se permite a cualquiera hacer o distribuir copias literales de este
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ben
parents:
diff changeset
1069 documento como se recibe, en cualquier medio, siempre que la nota de
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
1070 derechos de reproducción y la nota de permiso se preserven, y que el
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
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parents:
diff changeset
1071 distribuidor permita que el que la recibe hacer distribución posterior
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
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diff changeset
1072 como lo permite esta nota.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
1073
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
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parents:
diff changeset
1074 Se permite distribuir versiones modificadas de este documento, o
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ben
parents:
diff changeset
1075 porciones de este, bajo las condiciones anteriores, siempre que
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parents:
diff changeset
1076 ellas tengan nota visible especificando quién fue el último en
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
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parents:
diff changeset
1077 alterarlas.
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ben
parents:
diff changeset
1078
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
1079 Las condiciones para copiar Emacs mismo son más complejas, pero con el
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
1080 mismo espíritu. Por favor lea el archivo COPYING y entonces distribuya copias
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
1081 de GNU Emacs a sus amigos. Ayude a erradicar el obstruccionismo del
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
1082 software ("propietariedad") usando, escribiendo, y compartiendo software
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
1083 libre!
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
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parents:
diff changeset
1084
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
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diff changeset
1085