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+ − 1
+ − 2 @iftex
+ − 3 @unnumbered XEmacs Features
+ − 4
+ − 5 This section describes the difference between Emacs Version 18 and
+ − 6 XEmacs.
+ − 7
+ − 8 @unnumberedsec General Changes
+ − 9
+ − 10 @itemize @bullet
+ − 11 @ignore
+ − 12 @item
+ − 13 XEmacs has a new vi emulation mode called evi mode. To
+ − 14 start evi mode in Emacs, type the command @kbd{M-x evi}. If you want
+ − 15 Emacs to automatically put you in evi-mode all the time, include this
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+ − 16 line in your init file:
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+ − 17 @example
+ − 18 (setq term-setup-hook 'evi)
+ − 19 @end example
+ − 20 @xref{evi Mode} for a brief discussion.
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+ − 21 @xref{Init File}.
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+ − 22 @end ignore
+ − 23
+ − 24 @item
+ − 25 XEmacs has a new vi emulation mode called ``viper'' mode. To start
+ − 26 viper mode in XEmacs, type the command @kbd{M-x viper-mode}. If you
+ − 27 want XEmacs to automatically put you in viper-mode all the time, include
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+ − 28 this line in your init file:
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+ − 29 @example
+ − 30 (viper-mode)
+ − 31 @end example
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+ − 32 @xref{Init File}.
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+ − 33
+ − 34 @item
+ − 35 Earlier versions of Emacs only allowed keybindings to ASCII character
+ − 36 sequences. XEmacs has greatly expanded this by allowing you to
+ − 37 use a vector of key sequences which are in turn composed of a modifier
+ − 38 and a keysym. @xref{Keystrokes} for more information.
+ − 39
+ − 40 @item
+ − 41 The keymap data structure has been reimplemented to allow the use of a
+ − 42 character set larger than ASCII. Keymaps are no longer alists and/or
+ − 43 vectors; they are a new primary data type. Consequently, code which
+ − 44 manipulated keymaps with list or array manipulation functions will no
+ − 45 longer work. It must use the functions @code{define-key} or
+ − 46 @code{map-keymap} and @code{set-keymap-parent} (the new keymap
+ − 47 functions). @xref{Key Bindings} for more information.
+ − 48
+ − 49 @item
+ − 50 Input and display of all ISO-8859-1 characters is supported.
+ − 51
+ − 52 @item
+ − 53 Multiple fonts, including variable-width fonts, and fonts of differing
+ − 54 heights, are supported.
+ − 55
+ − 56 @item
+ − 57 There is a new @file{tags} package and a new UNIX manual browsing
+ − 58 package. They are similar to earlier versions; for more information look
+ − 59 at the source code.
+ − 60
+ − 61 @item
+ − 62 There is a new implementation of Dired, with many new features. The
+ − 63 online info for Dired, @i{not} the Dired node of Emacs info, provides
+ − 64 more detail.
+ − 65
+ − 66 @item
+ − 67 GNUS (a network news reader), VM (an alternative mail reader), ILISP (a
+ − 68 package for interacting with inferior Lisp processes), ANGE-FTP (a package
+ − 69 for making FTP-accessible files appear just like files on the local disk,
+ − 70 even to Dired), Calendar (an Emacs-based calendar and appointment-
+ − 71 management tool), and W3 (an interface to the World Wide Web) are a part
+ − 72 of the XEmacs Lisp library. See the related documentation in the
+ − 73 online info browser.
+ − 74
+ − 75 @item
+ − 76 Emacs now supports floating-point numbers.
+ − 77
+ − 78 @item
+ − 79 When you send mail, mail aliases are now expanded in the buffer. In
+ − 80 earlier versions, they were expanded after the mail-sending command was
+ − 81 executed.
+ − 82
+ − 83 @item
+ − 84 The initial value of @code{load-path} is computed when Emacs starts up,
+ − 85 instead of being hardcoded in when Emacs is compiled. As a result, you
+ − 86 can now move the Emacs executable and Lisp library to a
+ − 87 different location in the file system without having to recompile.
+ − 88
+ − 89 @item
+ − 90 Any existing subdirectories of the Emacs Lisp directory are now added to the
+ − 91 @code{load-path} by default.
+ − 92
+ − 93 @item
+ − 94 On some machines, you can change the audible bell using the
+ − 95 @code{sound-alist} variable. @xref{Audible Bell} for more information.
+ − 96
+ − 97 @item
+ − 98 You can use multiple X windows to display multiple Emacs frames.
+ − 99
+ − 100 @item
+ − 101 You can use the X selection mechanism to copy material from other
+ − 102 applications and into other applications. You can also use all Emacs
+ − 103 region commands on a region selected with the mouse. @xref{Mouse
+ − 104 Selection} for more information.
+ − 105
+ − 106 @item
+ − 107 By default, the variable @code{zmacs-regions} is set to highlight the region
+ − 108 between point and the mark. This unifies X selection and Emacs selection
+ − 109 behavior.
+ − 110
+ − 111 @item
+ − 112 XEmacs has a menu bar for mouse-controlled operations in addition to
+ − 113 keystrokes. @xref{Pull-down Menus}.
+ − 114
+ − 115 @item
+ − 116 You can look in the file @file{/usr/local/lib/xemacs-19.11/etc/Emacs.ad} for
+ − 117 a list of Emacs X resources. You can set these resources in your X
+ − 118 environment to set your preferences for color, fonts, location, and the size
+ − 119 of XEmacs frames. Refer to your X documentation for more information
+ − 120 about resources.
+ − 121
+ − 122 @unnumberedsec New Commands and Variables
+ − 123
+ − 124 There are many new functions in XEmacs, and many existing functions
+ − 125 whose semantics have been expanded. Most of these are only of interest
+ − 126 to the Emacs-Lisp programmer; see the NEWS file @kbd{C-h n} for a complete
+ − 127 list. What follows is a partial list of the new interactive commands:
+ − 128
+ − 129 @findex byte-compile-and-load-file
+ − 130 @findex byte-compile-buffer
+ − 131 @item
+ − 132 @code{byte-compile-and-load-file} and @code{byte-compile-buffer}
+ − 133 byte-compile the contents of a file or buffer.
+ − 134
+ − 135 @findex conx
+ − 136 The new @code{conx} function lets you generate random sentences for your
+ − 137 amusement.
+ − 138
+ − 139 @findex compile-defun
+ − 140 @item
+ − 141 @code{compile-defun} compiles and evaluates the current top-level
+ − 142 form.
+ − 143
+ − 144 @findex find-this-file
+ − 145 @findex find-this-file-other-window
+ − 146 @item
+ − 147 @code{find-this-file} and @code{find-this-file-other-window} can be used
+ − 148 interactively with a prefix argument to switch to the filename at point
+ − 149 in the buffer. @code{find-this-file-other-window} displays the file in
+ − 150 another window.
+ − 151
+ − 152 @findex invert-face
+ − 153 @findex make-face-bold
+ − 154 @findex make-face-bold-italic
+ − 155 @findex make-face-italic
+ − 156 @findex make-face-unbold
+ − 157 @findex make-face-unitalic
+ − 158 @findex set-face-background
+ − 159 @findex set-face-background-pixmap
+ − 160 @findex set-face-font
+ − 161 @findex set-face-foreground
+ − 162 @findex set-face-underline-p
+ − 163 @item
+ − 164 Several new functions have been added that allow you to customize the
+ − 165 color and font attributes of a region of text: @code{invert-face},
+ − 166 @code{make-face-bold}, @code{make-face-bold-italic},
+ − 167 @code{make-face-italic}, @code{make-face-unbold},
+ − 168 @code{make-face-unitalic}, @code{set-face-background},
+ − 169 @code{set-face-background-pixmap}, @code{set-face-font},
+ − 170 @code{set-face-foreground}, and @code{set-face-underline-p}.
+ − 171
+ − 172 @findex load-default-sounds
+ − 173 @findex load-sound-file
+ − 174 @findex play-sound
+ − 175 @item
+ − 176 @code{load-default-sounds} and @code{load-sound-file} allow you to
+ − 177 customize the audible bell sound. @code{load-default-sounds} loads and
+ − 178 installs sound files. @code{load-sound-file} reads in audio files and
+ − 179 adds them to the sound alist. @code{play-sound} plays the specified
+ − 180 sound type.
+ − 181
+ − 182 @findex locate-library
+ − 183 @item
+ − 184 @code{locate-library} finds the file that the function
+ − 185 @code{load-library} loads, and it displays the file's full pathname.
+ − 186
+ − 187 @findex make-directory
+ − 188 @findex remove-directory
+ − 189 @item
+ − 190 @code{make-directory} creates a directory, while @code{remove-directory}
+ − 191 removes a directory.
+ − 192
+ − 193 @findex mark-beginning-of-buffer
+ − 194 @findex mark-end-of-buffer
+ − 195 @item
+ − 196 @code{mark-beginning-of-buffer} and @code{mark-end-of-buffer} push the
+ − 197 mark to the beginning or end of a buffer, respectively.
+ − 198
+ − 199 @findex mouse-del-char
+ − 200 @findex mouse-delete-window
+ − 201 @findex mouse-keep-one-window
+ − 202 @findex mouse-kill-line
+ − 203 @findex mouse-line-length
+ − 204 @findex mouse-scroll
+ − 205 @findex mouse-select
+ − 206 @findex mouse-select-and-split
+ − 207 @findex mouse-set-mark
+ − 208 @findex mouse-set-point
+ − 209 @findex mouse-track
+ − 210 @findex mouse-track-adjust
+ − 211 @findex mouse-track-and-copy-to-cutbuffer
+ − 212 @findex mouse-track-delete-and-insert
+ − 213 @findex mouse-track-insert
+ − 214 @findex mouse-window-to-region
+ − 215 Several functions have been added that allow you to perform various
+ − 216 editing, region, and window operations using the mouse:
+ − 217 @code{mouse-del-char}, @code{mouse-delete-window},
+ − 218 @code{mouse-keep-one-window}, @code{mouse-kill-line},
+ − 219 @code{mouse-line-length}, @code{mouse-scroll}, @code{mouse-select},
+ − 220 @code{mouse-select-and-split}, @code{mouse-set-mark},
+ − 221 @code{mouse-set-point}, @code{mouse-track}, @code{mouse-track-adjust},
+ − 222 @code{mouse-track-and-copy-to-cutbuffer},
+ − 223 @code{mouse-track-delete-and-insert}, @code{mouse-track-insert}, and
+ − 224 @code{mouse-window-to-region}.
+ − 225
+ − 226 @findex compare-windows
+ − 227 @item
+ − 228 @code{compare-windows} takes an argument @var{ignore-whitespace}.
+ − 229 The argument means ignore changes in whitespace.
+ − 230
+ − 231 @end itemize
+ − 232
+ − 233 You can conditionalize your @file{.emacs} file as follows so that XEmacs
+ − 234 commands are invoked only when you are in XEmacs:
+ − 235
+ − 236 @cindex version number
+ − 237 @example
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+ − 238 (cond ((string-match "XEmacs" emacs-version)
+ − 239 ;;
+ − 240 ;; Code for any version of XEmacs goes here.
+ − 241 ;;
+ − 242 ))
+ − 243
+ − 244 (cond ((not (string-match "XEmacs" emacs-version)))
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+ − 245 ;;
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+ − 246 ;; Code for any version of GNU Emacs goes here.
+ − 247 ;;
+ − 248 ))
+ − 249
+ − 250 (cond ((and (string-match "XEmacs" emacs-version)
+ − 251 (emacs-version>= 21 4))
+ − 252 ;;
+ − 253 ;; Code which requires XEmacs version 21.4 or newer goes here
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+ − 254 ;;
+ − 255 ))
+ − 256
+ − 257 (cond ((and (string-match "XEmacs" emacs-version)
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+ − 258 (emacs-version>= 21 4 12)
+ − 259 (not (emacs-version>= 21 4 15)))
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+ − 260 ;;
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+ − 261 ;; Code which requires exactly XEmacs version 21.4.12 through
+ − 262 ;; 21.4.14, inclusive, goes here. (e.g. A bug was introduced in
+ − 263 ;; 21.4.12 and fixed in 21.4.15 but many of the versions of
+ − 264 ;; XEmacs around in the computer laboratory run those versions,
+ − 265 ;; so I need to introduce a workaround. In such a case, you
+ − 266 ;; should ideally try to conditionalize on something else,
+ − 267 ;; e.g. a feature symbol or a simple test that can be run to
+ − 268 ;; smoke out the bug.)
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+ − 269 ;;
+ − 270 ))
+ − 271
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+ − 272 (cond ((and (not (string-match "XEmacs" emacs-version)
+ − 273 (emacs-version>= 20 2))
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+ − 274 ;;
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+ − 275 ;; Code which requires GNU Emacs version 20.2 or newer, but not XEmacs,
+ − 276 ;; goes here
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+ − 277 ;;
+ − 278 ))
+ − 279
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+ − 280 @end example
+ − 281
+ − 282 @emph{NOTE}: @strong{DO} use @code{(emacs-version>= ...)}. @strong{DO NOT}
+ − 283 try to do this yourself using @code{emacs-major-version} and
+ − 284 @code{emacs-minor-version}. You will, with high probability, get it
+ − 285 wrong. Typical attempts to replace @code{(emacs-version>= 21 4)} use
+ − 286
+ − 287 @example
+ − 288 (and (>= emacs-major-version 21)
+ − 289 (>= emacs-minor-version 4))
+ − 290 @end example
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+ − 291
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+ − 292 which correctly excludes 21.3 and all previous versions,
+ − 293 but also excludes 22.0 through 22.3, 23.0 through 23.3, etc.
+ − 294
+ − 295 A "more clever" version, as advocated in earlier versions
+ − 296 of this very manual, was like this:
+ − 297
+ − 298 @example
+ − 299 (or (> emacs-major-version 21)
+ − 300 (>= emacs-minor-version 4))
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+ − 301 @end example
+ − 302
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+ − 303 which correctly includes 21.4 and all following versions,
+ − 304 but also includes 20.4 through 20.99999, 19.4 through
+ − 305 19.99999, etc.
+ − 306
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+ − 307 Alternatively, use @file{.xemacs/init.el} for an init file. @xref{Init File}.
+ − 308
+ − 309 Of particular interest for use in files are:
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+ − 310
+ − 311 @itemize @bullet
+ − 312 @findex add-menu
+ − 313 @findex add-menu-item
+ − 314 @findex delete-menu-item
+ − 315 @findex disable-menu-item
+ − 316 @findex enable-menu-item
+ − 317 @findex relabel-menu-item
+ − 318 @item
+ − 319 @code{add-menu} lets you add a new menu to the menubar or a submenu to a
+ − 320 pull-down menu. @code{add-menu-item}, @code{disable-menu-item},
+ − 321 @code{delete-menu-item}, @code{enable-menu-item}, and
+ − 322 @code{relabel-menu-item} allow you to customize the XEmacs
+ − 323 pull-down menus.
+ − 324
+ − 325 @findex make-frame
+ − 326 @item
+ − 327 @code{make-frame} creates a new Emacs frame (X window).
+ − 328
+ − 329 @end itemize
+ − 330
+ − 331 These new variables are only present in XEmacs:
+ − 332
+ − 333 @itemize @bullet
+ − 334
+ − 335 @vindex minibuffer-confirm-incomplete
+ − 336 @item
+ − 337 @code{minibuffer-confirm-incomplete} prompts for confirmation in
+ − 338 contexts where @code{completing-read} allows answers that are not valid
+ − 339 completions.
+ − 340
+ − 341 @vindex x-mode-pointer-shape
+ − 342 @vindex x-nontext-pointer-shape
+ − 343 @vindex x-pointer-background-color
+ − 344 @vindex x-pointer-foreground-color
+ − 345 @vindex x-pointer-shape
+ − 346 @item
+ − 347 Several variables have been added that allow you to customize the color
+ − 348 and shape of the mouse pointer: @code{x-pointer-background-color},
+ − 349 @code{x-pointer-foreground-color}, @code{x-mode-pointer-shape},
+ − 350 @code{x-pointer-shape}, and @* @code{x-nontext-pointer-shape}.
+ − 351
+ − 352 @vindex zmacs-regions
+ − 353 @item
+ − 354 @code{zmacs-regions} determines whether LISPM-style active regions
+ − 355 should be used.
+ − 356 @end itemize
+ − 357
+ − 358 @unnumberedsec Changes in Key Bindings
+ − 359
+ − 360 XEmacs has the following new default function keybindings:
+ − 361
+ − 362 @table @kbd
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+ − 363 @item @key{HELP}
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+ − 364 Same as @kbd{C-h}.
+ − 365
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+ − 366 @item @key{UNDO}
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+ − 367 Same as @kbd{M-x undo}.
+ − 368
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+ − 369 @item @key{CUT}
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+ − 370 Same as the Cut menu item; that is, it copies the selected text to
+ − 371 the X Clipboard selection.
+ − 372
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+ − 373 @item @key{COPY}
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+ − 374 Same as the Copy menu item.
+ − 375
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+ − 376 @item @key{PASTE}
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+ − 377 Same as the Paste menu item.
+ − 378
+ − 379 @item @key{PGUP}
+ − 380 Same as @kbd{M-v}.
+ − 381
+ − 382 @item @key{PGDN}
+ − 383 Same as @kbd{C-v}.
+ − 384
+ − 385 @item @key{HOME}
+ − 386 Same as @kbd{M-<}.
+ − 387
+ − 388 @item @key{END}
+ − 389 Same as @kbd{M->}.
+ − 390
+ − 391 @item @key{LEFT-ARROW}
+ − 392 Same as the function @code{backward-char}.
+ − 393
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+ − 394 @item @key{RIGHT-ARROW}
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+ − 395 Same as the function @code{forward-char}.
+ − 396
+ − 397 @item @key{UP-ARROW}
+ − 398 Same as the function @code{previous-line}.
+ − 399
+ − 400 @item @key{DOWN-ARROW}
+ − 401 Same as the function @code{next-line}.
+ − 402
+ − 403 @end table
+ − 404
+ − 405
+ − 406 @end iftex
