|
0
|
1 \input ../texinfo @c -*-texinfo-*-
|
|
|
2 @c %**start of header
|
|
|
3 @setfilename ../../info/lispref.info
|
|
|
4 @c @smallbook
|
|
|
5 @settitle XEmacs Lisp Reference Manual
|
|
|
6 @c %**end of header
|
|
|
7
|
|
|
8 @ifinfo
|
|
|
9 Edition History:
|
|
|
10
|
|
|
11 GNU Emacs Lisp Reference Manual Second Edition (v2.01), May 1993
|
|
|
12 GNU Emacs Lisp Reference Manual Further Revised (v2.02), August 1993
|
|
|
13 Lucid Emacs Lisp Reference Manual (for 19.10) First Edition, March 1994
|
|
|
14 XEmacs Lisp Programmer's Manual (for 19.12) Second Edition, April 1995
|
|
|
15 GNU Emacs Lisp Reference Manual v2.4, June 1995
|
|
|
16 XEmacs Lisp Programmer's Manual (for 19.13) Third Edition, July 1995
|
|
54
|
17 XEmacs Lisp Reference Manual (for 19.14 and 20.0) v3.1, March 1996
|
|
213
|
18 XEmacs Lisp Reference Manual (for 19.15 and 20.1, 20.2, 20.3) v3.2, April, May, November 1997
|
|
371
|
19 XEmacs Lisp Reference Manual (for 21.0) v3.3, April 1998
|
|
0
|
20 @c Please REMEMBER to update edition number in *four* places in this file
|
|
|
21 @c and also in *one* place in intro.texi
|
|
|
22
|
|
|
23 Copyright (C) 1990, 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
|
|
|
24 Copyright (C) 1994, 1995 Sun Microsystems, Inc.
|
|
|
25 Copyright (C) 1995, 1996 Ben Wing.
|
|
|
26
|
|
|
27
|
|
|
28 Permission is granted to make and distribute verbatim copies of this
|
|
|
29 manual provided the copyright notice and this permission notice are
|
|
|
30 preserved on all copies.
|
|
|
31
|
|
|
32 @ignore
|
|
|
33 Permission is granted to process this file through TeX and print the
|
|
|
34 results, provided the printed document carries copying permission notice
|
|
|
35 identical to this one except for the removal of this paragraph (this
|
|
|
36 paragraph not being relevant to the printed manual).
|
|
|
37
|
|
|
38 @end ignore
|
|
|
39 Permission is granted to copy and distribute modified versions of this
|
|
|
40 manual under the conditions for verbatim copying, provided that the
|
|
|
41 entire resulting derived work is distributed under the terms of a
|
|
|
42 permission notice identical to this one.
|
|
|
43
|
|
|
44 Permission is granted to copy and distribute translations of this manual
|
|
|
45 into another language, under the above conditions for modified versions,
|
|
|
46 except that this permission notice may be stated in a translation
|
|
|
47 approved by the Foundation.
|
|
|
48
|
|
|
49 Permission is granted to copy and distribute modified versions of this
|
|
|
50 manual under the conditions for verbatim copying, provided also that the
|
|
|
51 section entitled ``GNU General Public License'' is included exactly as
|
|
|
52 in the original, and provided that the entire resulting derived work is
|
|
|
53 distributed under the terms of a permission notice identical to this
|
|
|
54 one.
|
|
|
55
|
|
|
56 Permission is granted to copy and distribute translations of this manual
|
|
|
57 into another language, under the above conditions for modified versions,
|
|
|
58 except that the section entitled ``GNU General Public License'' may be
|
|
|
59 included in a translation approved by the Free Software Foundation
|
|
|
60 instead of in the original English.
|
|
|
61 @end ifinfo
|
|
|
62
|
|
|
63 @c Combine indices.
|
|
|
64 @synindex cp fn
|
|
|
65 @syncodeindex vr fn
|
|
|
66 @syncodeindex ky fn
|
|
|
67 @syncodeindex pg fn
|
|
|
68 @syncodeindex tp fn
|
|
|
69
|
|
|
70 @setchapternewpage odd
|
|
|
71 @finalout
|
|
|
72
|
|
|
73 @titlepage
|
|
|
74 @title XEmacs Lisp Reference Manual
|
|
|
75 @c The edition number appears in several places in this file
|
|
|
76 @c and also in the file intro.texi.
|
|
54
|
77 @c This manual documents XEmacs 19.14 and 20.0 and was based on the
|
|
0
|
78 @c documentation for FSF Emacs 19.29 (v2.4).
|
|
371
|
79 @subtitle Version 3.3 (for XEmacs 21.0), April 1998
|
|
0
|
80
|
|
|
81 @author by Ben Wing
|
|
|
82 @author
|
|
|
83 @author Based on the GNU Emacs Lisp Reference Manual
|
|
|
84 @author by Bil Lewis, Dan LaLiberte, Richard Stallman
|
|
|
85 @author and the GNU Manual Group
|
|
|
86 @page
|
|
|
87 @vskip 0pt plus 1filll
|
|
|
88 Copyright @copyright{} 1990, 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
|
|
|
89 Copyright @copyright{} 1994, 1995 Sun Microsystems, Inc.
|
|
|
90 Copyright @copyright{} 1995, 1996 Ben Wing.
|
|
|
91 @sp 2
|
|
227
|
92 Version 3.3 @*
|
|
371
|
93 Revised for XEmacs Versions 21.0,@*
|
|
227
|
94 April 1998.@*
|
|
0
|
95
|
|
|
96 Permission is granted to make and distribute verbatim copies of this
|
|
|
97 manual provided the copyright notice and this permission notice are
|
|
|
98 preserved on all copies.
|
|
|
99
|
|
|
100 Permission is granted to copy and distribute modified versions of this
|
|
|
101 manual under the conditions for verbatim copying, provided also that the
|
|
|
102 section entitled ``GNU General Public License'' is included
|
|
|
103 exactly as in the original, and provided that the entire resulting
|
|
|
104 derived work is distributed under the terms of a permission notice
|
|
|
105 identical to this one.
|
|
|
106
|
|
|
107 Permission is granted to copy and distribute translations of this manual
|
|
|
108 into another language, under the above conditions for modified versions,
|
|
|
109 except that the section entitled ``GNU General Public License'' may be
|
|
|
110 included in a translation approved by the Free Software Foundation
|
|
|
111 instead of in the original English.
|
|
|
112
|
|
|
113 Cover art by Etienne Suvasa.
|
|
|
114 @end titlepage
|
|
|
115 @page
|
|
|
116
|
|
|
117 @node Top, Copying, (dir), (dir)
|
|
|
118
|
|
|
119 @ifinfo
|
|
|
120 This Info file contains the third edition of the XEmacs Lisp
|
|
371
|
121 Reference Manual, corresponding to XEmacs version 21.0.
|
|
0
|
122 @end ifinfo
|
|
|
123
|
|
|
124 @menu
|
|
|
125 * Copying:: Conditions for copying and changing XEmacs.
|
|
|
126 * Introduction:: Introduction and conventions used.
|
|
|
127
|
|
|
128 * Lisp Data Types:: Data types of objects in XEmacs Lisp.
|
|
|
129 * Numbers:: Numbers and arithmetic functions.
|
|
|
130 * Strings and Characters:: Strings, and functions that work on them.
|
|
|
131 * Lists:: Lists, cons cells, and related functions.
|
|
|
132 * Sequences Arrays Vectors:: Lists, strings and vectors are called sequences.
|
|
|
133 Certain functions act on any kind of sequence.
|
|
|
134 The description of vectors is here as well.
|
|
|
135 * Symbols:: Symbols represent names, uniquely.
|
|
|
136
|
|
|
137 * Evaluation:: How Lisp expressions are evaluated.
|
|
|
138 * Control Structures:: Conditionals, loops, nonlocal exits.
|
|
|
139 * Variables:: Using symbols in programs to stand for values.
|
|
|
140 * Functions:: A function is a Lisp program
|
|
|
141 that can be invoked from other functions.
|
|
|
142 * Macros:: Macros are a way to extend the Lisp language.
|
|
373
|
143 * Customization:: Writing customization declarations.
|
|
0
|
144
|
|
|
145 * Loading:: Reading files of Lisp code into Lisp.
|
|
|
146 * Byte Compilation:: Compilation makes programs run faster.
|
|
|
147 * Debugging:: Tools and tips for debugging Lisp programs.
|
|
|
148
|
|
|
149 * Read and Print:: Converting Lisp objects to text and back.
|
|
|
150 * Minibuffers:: Using the minibuffer to read input.
|
|
|
151 * Command Loop:: How the editor command loop works,
|
|
|
152 and how you can call its subroutines.
|
|
|
153 * Keymaps:: Defining the bindings from keys to commands.
|
|
|
154 * Menus:: Defining pull-down and pop-up menus.
|
|
|
155 * Dialog Boxes:: Creating dialog boxes.
|
|
|
156 * Toolbar:: Controlling the toolbar.
|
|
|
157 * Scrollbars:: Controlling the scrollbars.
|
|
290
|
158 * Drag and Drop:: Generic API to inter-application communication
|
|
284
|
159 via specific protocols.
|
|
0
|
160 * Modes:: Defining major and minor modes.
|
|
|
161 * Documentation:: Writing and using documentation strings.
|
|
|
162
|
|
|
163 * Files:: Accessing files.
|
|
|
164 * Backups and Auto-Saving:: Controlling how backups and auto-save
|
|
|
165 files are made.
|
|
|
166 * Buffers:: Creating and using buffer objects.
|
|
|
167 * Windows:: Manipulating windows and displaying buffers.
|
|
|
168 * Frames:: Making multiple X windows.
|
|
|
169 * Consoles and Devices:: Opening frames on multiple TTY's or X displays.
|
|
|
170 * Positions:: Buffer positions and motion functions.
|
|
|
171 * Markers:: Markers represent positions and update
|
|
|
172 automatically when the text is changed.
|
|
|
173
|
|
|
174 * Text:: Examining and changing text in buffers.
|
|
|
175 * Searching and Matching:: Searching buffers for strings or regexps.
|
|
|
176 * Syntax Tables:: The syntax table controls word and list parsing.
|
|
|
177 * Abbrevs:: How Abbrev mode works, and its data structures.
|
|
|
178
|
|
|
179 * Extents:: Extents are regions of text with particular
|
|
|
180 display characteristics.
|
|
|
181 * Specifiers:: How faces and glyphs are specified.
|
|
|
182 * Faces and Window-System Objects::
|
|
|
183 A face is a set of display characteristics
|
|
|
184 specifying how text is to be displayed.
|
|
|
185 * Glyphs:: General interface to pixmaps displayed in a
|
|
|
186 buffer or frame.
|
|
|
187 * Annotations:: Higher-level interface to glyphs in a buffer.
|
|
|
188 * Display:: Parameters controlling screen usage.
|
|
|
189 The bell. Waiting for input.
|
|
|
190
|
|
|
191 * Hash Tables:: Fast data structures for mappings.
|
|
|
192 * Range Tables:: Keeping track of ranges of numbers.
|
|
|
193 * Databases:: An interface to standard DBM and DB databases.
|
|
|
194
|
|
|
195 * Processes:: Running and communicating with subprocesses.
|
|
|
196 * System Interface:: Getting the user id, system type, environment
|
|
|
197 variables, and other such things.
|
|
|
198 * X-Windows:: Functions specific to the X Window System.
|
|
|
199 * ToolTalk Support:: Interfacing with the ToolTalk message service.
|
|
298
|
200 * LDAP Support:: Interfacing with the Lightweight Directory
|
|
|
201 Access Protocol.
|
|
0
|
202 * Internationalization:: How Emacs supports different languages and
|
|
|
203 cultural conventions.
|
|
|
204 * MULE:: Specifics of the Asian-language support.
|
|
|
205
|
|
|
206 Appendices
|
|
|
207
|
|
|
208 * Tips:: Advice for writing Lisp programs.
|
|
|
209 * Building XEmacs and Object Allocation::
|
|
|
210 Behind-the-scenes information about XEmacs.
|
|
|
211 * Standard Errors:: List of all error symbols.
|
|
|
212 * Standard Buffer-Local Variables:: List of variables local in all buffers.
|
|
|
213 * Standard Keymaps:: List of standard keymaps.
|
|
|
214 * Standard Hooks:: List of standard hook variables.
|
|
|
215
|
|
|
216 * Index:: Index including concepts, functions, variables,
|
|
|
217 and other terms.
|
|
|
218
|
|
|
219 --- The Detailed Node Listing ---
|
|
|
220
|
|
|
221 Here are other nodes that are inferiors of those already listed,
|
|
|
222 mentioned here so you can get to them in one step:
|
|
|
223
|
|
|
224 Introduction
|
|
|
225
|
|
|
226 * Caveats:: Flaws and a request for help.
|
|
|
227 * Lisp History:: XEmacs Lisp is descended from Maclisp.
|
|
|
228 * Conventions:: How the manual is formatted.
|
|
|
229 * Acknowledgements:: The authors, editors, and sponsors of this manual.
|
|
|
230
|
|
|
231 Conventions
|
|
|
232
|
|
|
233 * Some Terms:: Explanation of terms we use in this manual.
|
|
|
234 * nil and t:: How the symbols @code{nil} and @code{t} are used.
|
|
|
235 * Evaluation Notation:: The format we use for examples of evaluation.
|
|
|
236 * Printing Notation:: The format we use for examples that print output.
|
|
|
237 * Error Messages:: The format we use for examples of errors.
|
|
|
238 * Buffer Text Notation:: The format we use for buffer contents in examples.
|
|
|
239 * Format of Descriptions:: Notation for describing functions, variables, etc.
|
|
|
240
|
|
|
241 Format of Descriptions
|
|
|
242
|
|
|
243 * A Sample Function Description::
|
|
|
244 * A Sample Variable Description::
|
|
|
245
|
|
|
246 Lisp Data Types
|
|
|
247
|
|
|
248 * Printed Representation:: How Lisp objects are represented as text.
|
|
|
249 * Comments:: Comments and their formatting conventions.
|
|
|
250 * Programming Types:: Types found in all Lisp systems.
|
|
|
251 * Editing Types:: Types specific to XEmacs.
|
|
|
252 * Type Predicates:: Tests related to types.
|
|
|
253 * Equality Predicates:: Tests of equality between any two objects.
|
|
|
254
|
|
|
255 Programming Types
|
|
|
256
|
|
|
257 * Integer Type:: Numbers without fractional parts.
|
|
|
258 * Floating Point Type:: Numbers with fractional parts and with a large range.
|
|
|
259 * Character Type:: The representation of letters, numbers and
|
|
|
260 control characters.
|
|
|
261 * Sequence Type:: Both lists and arrays are classified as sequences.
|
|
|
262 * Cons Cell Type:: Cons cells, and lists (which are made from cons cells).
|
|
|
263 * Array Type:: Arrays include strings and vectors.
|
|
|
264 * String Type:: An (efficient) array of characters.
|
|
|
265 * Vector Type:: One-dimensional arrays.
|
|
|
266 * Symbol Type:: A multi-use object that refers to a function,
|
|
|
267 variable, property list, or itself.
|
|
|
268 * Function Type:: A piece of executable code you can call from elsewhere.
|
|
|
269 * Macro Type:: A method of expanding an expression into another
|
|
|
270 expression, more fundamental but less pretty.
|
|
|
271 * Primitive Function Type:: A function written in C, callable from Lisp.
|
|
|
272 * Compiled-Function Type:: A function written in Lisp, then compiled.
|
|
|
273 * Autoload Type:: A type used for automatically loading seldom-used
|
|
|
274 functions.
|
|
|
275
|
|
|
276 Cons Cell Type
|
|
|
277
|
|
|
278 * Dotted Pair Notation:: An alternative syntax for lists.
|
|
|
279 * Association List Type:: A specially constructed list.
|
|
|
280
|
|
|
281 Editing Types
|
|
|
282
|
|
|
283 * Buffer Type:: The basic object of editing.
|
|
|
284 * Window Type:: What makes buffers visible.
|
|
|
285 * Window Configuration Type::Save what the screen looks like.
|
|
|
286 * Marker Type:: A position in a buffer.
|
|
|
287 * Process Type:: A process running on the underlying OS.
|
|
|
288 * Stream Type:: Receive or send characters.
|
|
|
289 * Keymap Type:: What function a keystroke invokes.
|
|
|
290 * Syntax Table Type:: What a character means.
|
|
|
291
|
|
|
292 Numbers
|
|
|
293
|
|
|
294 * Integer Basics:: Representation and range of integers.
|
|
|
295 * Float Basics:: Representation and range of floating point.
|
|
|
296 * Predicates on Numbers:: Testing for numbers.
|
|
|
297 * Comparison of Numbers:: Equality and inequality predicates.
|
|
|
298 * Arithmetic Operations:: How to add, subtract, multiply and divide.
|
|
|
299 * Bitwise Operations:: Logical and, or, not, shifting.
|
|
|
300 * Numeric Conversions:: Converting float to integer and vice versa.
|
|
|
301 * Math Functions:: Trig, exponential and logarithmic functions.
|
|
|
302 * Random Numbers:: Obtaining random integers, predictable or not.
|
|
|
303
|
|
|
304 Strings and Characters
|
|
|
305
|
|
|
306 * Basics: String Basics. Basic properties of strings and characters.
|
|
|
307 * Predicates for Strings:: Testing whether an object is a string or char.
|
|
|
308 * Creating Strings:: Functions to allocate new strings.
|
|
|
309 * Predicates for Characters:: Testing whether an object is a character.
|
|
|
310 * Character Codes:: Each character has an equivalent integer.
|
|
|
311 * Text Comparison:: Comparing characters or strings.
|
|
|
312 * String Conversion:: Converting characters or strings and vice versa.
|
|
|
313 * Modifying Strings:: Changing characters in a string.
|
|
|
314 * String Properties:: Additional information attached to strings.
|
|
|
315 * Formatting Strings:: @code{format}: XEmacs's analog of @code{printf}.
|
|
|
316 * Character Case:: Case conversion functions.
|
|
|
317 * Char Tables:: Mapping from characters to Lisp objects.
|
|
|
318 * Case Tables:: Customizing case conversion.
|
|
|
319
|
|
|
320 Lists
|
|
|
321
|
|
|
322 * Cons Cells:: How lists are made out of cons cells.
|
|
|
323 * Lists as Boxes:: Graphical notation to explain lists.
|
|
|
324 * List-related Predicates:: Is this object a list? Comparing two lists.
|
|
|
325 * List Elements:: Extracting the pieces of a list.
|
|
|
326 * Building Lists:: Creating list structure.
|
|
|
327 * Modifying Lists:: Storing new pieces into an existing list.
|
|
|
328 * Sets And Lists:: A list can represent a finite mathematical set.
|
|
|
329 * Association Lists:: A list can represent a finite relation or mapping.
|
|
|
330 * Property Lists:: A different way to represent a finite mapping.
|
|
|
331 * Weak Lists:: A list with special garbage-collection behavior.
|
|
|
332
|
|
|
333 Modifying Existing List Structure
|
|
|
334
|
|
|
335 * Setcar:: Replacing an element in a list.
|
|
|
336 * Setcdr:: Replacing part of the list backbone.
|
|
|
337 This can be used to remove or add elements.
|
|
|
338 * Rearrangement:: Reordering the elements in a list; combining lists.
|
|
|
339
|
|
|
340 Sequences, Arrays, and Vectors
|
|
|
341
|
|
|
342 * Sequence Functions:: Functions that accept any kind of sequence.
|
|
|
343 * Arrays:: Characteristics of arrays in XEmacs Lisp.
|
|
|
344 * Array Functions:: Functions specifically for arrays.
|
|
|
345 * Vectors:: Functions specifically for vectors.
|
|
|
346
|
|
|
347 Symbols
|
|
|
348
|
|
|
349 * Symbol Components:: Symbols have names, values, function definitions
|
|
|
350 and property lists.
|
|
|
351 * Definitions:: A definition says how a symbol will be used.
|
|
|
352 * Creating Symbols:: How symbols are kept unique.
|
|
|
353 * Symbol Properties:: Each symbol has a property list
|
|
|
354 for recording miscellaneous information.
|
|
|
355
|
|
|
356 Evaluation
|
|
|
357
|
|
|
358 * Intro Eval:: Evaluation in the scheme of things.
|
|
|
359 * Eval:: How to invoke the Lisp interpreter explicitly.
|
|
|
360 * Forms:: How various sorts of objects are evaluated.
|
|
|
361 * Quoting:: Avoiding evaluation (to put constants in
|
|
|
362 the program).
|
|
|
363
|
|
|
364 Kinds of Forms
|
|
|
365
|
|
|
366 * Self-Evaluating Forms:: Forms that evaluate to themselves.
|
|
|
367 * Symbol Forms:: Symbols evaluate as variables.
|
|
|
368 * Classifying Lists:: How to distinguish various sorts of list forms.
|
|
|
369 * Function Forms:: Forms that call functions.
|
|
|
370 * Macro Forms:: Forms that call macros.
|
|
|
371 * Special Forms:: ``Special forms'' are idiosyncratic primitives,
|
|
|
372 most of them extremely important.
|
|
|
373 * Autoloading:: Functions set up to load files
|
|
|
374 containing their real definitions.
|
|
|
375
|
|
|
376 Control Structures
|
|
|
377
|
|
|
378 * Sequencing:: Evaluation in textual order.
|
|
|
379 * Conditionals:: @code{if}, @code{cond}.
|
|
|
380 * Combining Conditions:: @code{and}, @code{or}, @code{not}.
|
|
|
381 * Iteration:: @code{while} loops.
|
|
|
382 * Nonlocal Exits:: Jumping out of a sequence.
|
|
|
383
|
|
|
384 Nonlocal Exits
|
|
|
385
|
|
|
386 * Catch and Throw:: Nonlocal exits for the program's own purposes.
|
|
|
387 * Examples of Catch:: Showing how such nonlocal exits can be written.
|
|
|
388 * Errors:: How errors are signaled and handled.
|
|
|
389 * Cleanups:: Arranging to run a cleanup form if an
|
|
|
390 error happens.
|
|
|
391
|
|
|
392 Errors
|
|
|
393
|
|
|
394 * Signaling Errors:: How to report an error.
|
|
|
395 * Processing of Errors:: What XEmacs does when you report an error.
|
|
|
396 * Handling Errors:: How you can trap errors and continue execution.
|
|
|
397 * Error Symbols:: How errors are classified for trapping them.
|
|
|
398
|
|
|
399 Variables
|
|
|
400
|
|
|
401 * Global Variables:: Variable values that exist permanently, everywhere.
|
|
|
402 * Constant Variables:: Certain "variables" have values that never change.
|
|
|
403 * Local Variables:: Variable values that exist only temporarily.
|
|
|
404 * Void Variables:: Symbols that lack values.
|
|
|
405 * Defining Variables:: A definition says a symbol is used as a variable.
|
|
|
406 * Accessing Variables:: Examining values of variables whose names
|
|
|
407 are known only at run time.
|
|
|
408 * Setting Variables:: Storing new values in variables.
|
|
|
409 * Variable Scoping:: How Lisp chooses among local and global values.
|
|
|
410 * Buffer-Local Variables:: Variable values in effect only in one buffer.
|
|
|
411
|
|
|
412 Scoping Rules for Variable Bindings
|
|
|
413
|
|
|
414 * Scope:: Scope means where in the program a value
|
|
|
415 is visible. Comparison with other languages.
|
|
|
416 * Extent:: Extent means how long in time a value exists.
|
|
|
417 * Impl of Scope:: Two ways to implement dynamic scoping.
|
|
|
418 * Using Scoping:: How to use dynamic scoping carefully and
|
|
|
419 avoid problems.
|
|
|
420
|
|
|
421 Buffer-Local Variables
|
|
|
422
|
|
|
423 * Intro to Buffer-Local:: Introduction and concepts.
|
|
|
424 * Creating Buffer-Local:: Creating and destroying buffer-local bindings.
|
|
|
425 * Default Value:: The default value is seen in buffers
|
|
|
426 that don't have their own local values.
|
|
|
427
|
|
|
428 Functions
|
|
|
429
|
|
|
430 * What Is a Function:: Lisp functions vs primitives; terminology.
|
|
|
431 * Lambda Expressions:: How functions are expressed as Lisp objects.
|
|
|
432 * Function Names:: A symbol can serve as the name of a function.
|
|
|
433 * Defining Functions:: Lisp expressions for defining functions.
|
|
|
434 * Calling Functions:: How to use an existing function.
|
|
|
435 * Mapping Functions:: Applying a function to each element of a list, etc.
|
|
|
436 * Anonymous Functions:: Lambda-expressions are functions with no names.
|
|
|
437 * Function Cells:: Accessing or setting the function definition
|
|
|
438 of a symbol.
|
|
|
439 * Related Topics:: Cross-references to specific Lisp primitives
|
|
|
440 that have a special bearing on how
|
|
|
441 functions work.
|
|
|
442
|
|
|
443 Lambda Expressions
|
|
|
444
|
|
|
445 * Lambda Components:: The parts of a lambda expression.
|
|
|
446 * Simple Lambda:: A simple example.
|
|
|
447 * Argument List:: Details and special features of argument lists.
|
|
|
448 * Function Documentation:: How to put documentation in a function.
|
|
|
449
|
|
|
450 Macros
|
|
|
451
|
|
|
452 * Simple Macro:: A basic example.
|
|
|
453 * Expansion:: How, when and why macros are expanded.
|
|
|
454 * Compiling Macros:: How macros are expanded by the compiler.
|
|
|
455 * Defining Macros:: How to write a macro definition.
|
|
|
456 * Backquote:: Easier construction of list structure.
|
|
|
457 * Problems with Macros:: Don't evaluate the macro arguments too many times.
|
|
|
458 Don't hide the user's variables.
|
|
|
459
|
|
|
460 Loading
|
|
|
461
|
|
|
462 * How Programs Do Loading:: The @code{load} function and others.
|
|
|
463 * Autoload:: Setting up a function to autoload.
|
|
|
464 * Named Features:: Loading a library if it isn't already loaded.
|
|
|
465 * Repeated Loading:: Precautions about loading a file twice.
|
|
|
466
|
|
|
467 Byte Compilation
|
|
|
468
|
|
|
469 * Compilation Functions:: Byte compilation functions.
|
|
|
470 * Disassembly:: Disassembling byte-code; how to read byte-code.
|
|
|
471
|
|
|
472 Debugging Lisp Programs
|
|
|
473
|
|
|
474 * Debugger:: How the XEmacs Lisp debugger is implemented.
|
|
|
475 * Syntax Errors:: How to find syntax errors.
|
|
|
476 * Compilation Errors:: How to find errors that show up in
|
|
|
477 byte compilation.
|
|
|
478 * Edebug:: A source-level XEmacs Lisp debugger.
|
|
|
479
|
|
|
480 The Lisp Debugger
|
|
|
481
|
|
|
482 * Error Debugging:: Entering the debugger when an error happens.
|
|
|
483 * Function Debugging:: Entering it when a certain function is called.
|
|
|
484 * Explicit Debug:: Entering it at a certain point in the program.
|
|
|
485 * Using Debugger:: What the debugger does; what you see while in it.
|
|
|
486 * Debugger Commands:: Commands used while in the debugger.
|
|
|
487 * Invoking the Debugger:: How to call the function @code{debug}.
|
|
|
488 * Internals of Debugger:: Subroutines of the debugger, and global variables.
|
|
|
489
|
|
|
490 Debugging Invalid Lisp Syntax
|
|
|
491
|
|
|
492 * Excess Open:: How to find a spurious open paren or missing close.
|
|
|
493 * Excess Close:: How to find a spurious close paren or missing open.
|
|
|
494
|
|
|
495 Reading and Printing Lisp Objects
|
|
|
496
|
|
|
497 * Streams Intro:: Overview of streams, reading and printing.
|
|
|
498 * Input Streams:: Various data types that can be used as
|
|
|
499 input streams.
|
|
|
500 * Input Functions:: Functions to read Lisp objects from text.
|
|
|
501 * Output Streams:: Various data types that can be used as
|
|
|
502 output streams.
|
|
|
503 * Output Functions:: Functions to print Lisp objects as text.
|
|
|
504
|
|
|
505 Minibuffers
|
|
|
506
|
|
|
507 * Intro to Minibuffers:: Basic information about minibuffers.
|
|
|
508 * Text from Minibuffer:: How to read a straight text string.
|
|
|
509 * Object from Minibuffer:: How to read a Lisp object or expression.
|
|
|
510 * Completion:: How to invoke and customize completion.
|
|
|
511 * Yes-or-No Queries:: Asking a question with a simple answer.
|
|
|
512 * Minibuffer Misc:: Various customization hooks and variables.
|
|
|
513
|
|
|
514 Completion
|
|
|
515
|
|
|
516 * Basic Completion:: Low-level functions for completing strings.
|
|
|
517 (These are too low level to use the minibuffer.)
|
|
|
518 * Minibuffer Completion:: Invoking the minibuffer with completion.
|
|
|
519 * Completion Commands:: Minibuffer commands that do completion.
|
|
|
520 * High-Level Completion:: Convenient special cases of completion
|
|
|
521 (reading buffer name, file name, etc.)
|
|
|
522 * Reading File Names:: Using completion to read file names.
|
|
|
523 * Programmed Completion:: Finding the completions for a given file name.
|
|
|
524
|
|
|
525 Command Loop
|
|
|
526
|
|
|
527 * Command Overview:: How the command loop reads commands.
|
|
|
528 * Defining Commands:: Specifying how a function should read arguments.
|
|
|
529 * Interactive Call:: Calling a command, so that it will read arguments.
|
|
|
530 * Command Loop Info:: Variables set by the command loop for you to examine.
|
|
|
531 * Events:: What input looks like when you read it.
|
|
|
532 * Reading Input:: How to read input events from the keyboard or mouse.
|
|
|
533 * Waiting:: Waiting for user input or elapsed time.
|
|
|
534 * Quitting:: How @kbd{C-g} works. How to catch or defer quitting.
|
|
|
535 * Prefix Command Arguments:: How the commands to set prefix args work.
|
|
|
536 * Recursive Editing:: Entering a recursive edit,
|
|
|
537 and why you usually shouldn't.
|
|
|
538 * Disabling Commands:: How the command loop handles disabled commands.
|
|
|
539 * Command History:: How the command history is set up, and how accessed.
|
|
|
540 * Keyboard Macros:: How keyboard macros are implemented.
|
|
|
541
|
|
|
542 Defining Commands
|
|
|
543
|
|
|
544 * Using Interactive:: General rules for @code{interactive}.
|
|
|
545 * Interactive Codes:: The standard letter-codes for reading arguments
|
|
|
546 in various ways.
|
|
|
547 * Interactive Examples:: Examples of how to read interactive arguments.
|
|
|
548
|
|
|
549 Events
|
|
|
550
|
|
|
551 * Event Types:: Events come in different types.
|
|
|
552 * Event Contents:: What the contents of each event type are.
|
|
|
553 * Event Predicates:: Querying whether an event is of a
|
|
|
554 particular type.
|
|
|
555 * Accessing Mouse Event Positions::
|
|
|
556 Determining where a mouse event occurred,
|
|
|
557 and over what.
|
|
|
558 * Accessing Other Event Info:: Accessing non-positional event info.
|
|
|
559 * Working With Events:: Creating, copying, and destroying events.
|
|
|
560 * Converting Events:: Converting between events, keys, and
|
|
|
561 characters.
|
|
|
562
|
|
|
563 Accessing Mouse Event Positions
|
|
|
564
|
|
|
565 * Frame-Level Event Position Info::
|
|
|
566 * Window-Level Event Position Info::
|
|
|
567 * Event Text Position Info::
|
|
|
568 * Event Glyph Position Info::
|
|
|
569 * Event Toolbar Position Info::
|
|
|
570 * Other Event Position Info::
|
|
|
571
|
|
|
572 Reading Input
|
|
|
573
|
|
|
574 * Key Sequence Input:: How to read one key sequence.
|
|
|
575 * Reading One Event:: How to read just one event.
|
|
|
576 * Dispatching an Event:: What to do with an event once it has been read.
|
|
|
577 * Quoted Character Input:: Asking the user to specify a character.
|
|
|
578 * Peeking and Discarding:: How to reread or throw away input events.
|
|
|
579
|
|
|
580 Keymaps
|
|
|
581
|
|
|
582 * Keymap Terminology:: Definitions of terms pertaining to keymaps.
|
|
|
583 * Format of Keymaps:: What a keymap looks like as a Lisp object.
|
|
|
584 * Creating Keymaps:: Functions to create and copy keymaps.
|
|
|
585 * Inheritance and Keymaps:: How one keymap can inherit the bindings
|
|
|
586 of another keymap.
|
|
|
587 * Key Sequences:: How to specify key sequences.
|
|
|
588 * Prefix Keys:: Defining a key with a keymap as its definition.
|
|
|
589 * Active Keymaps:: Each buffer has a local keymap
|
|
|
590 to override the standard (global) bindings.
|
|
|
591 Each minor mode can also override them.
|
|
|
592 * Key Lookup:: How extracting elements from keymaps works.
|
|
|
593 * Functions for Key Lookup:: How to request key lookup.
|
|
|
594 * Changing Key Bindings:: Redefining a key in a keymap.
|
|
|
595 * Key Binding Commands:: Interactive interfaces for redefining keys.
|
|
|
596 * Scanning Keymaps:: Looking through all keymaps, for printing help.
|
|
|
597 * Other Keymap Functions:: Miscellaneous keymap functions.
|
|
|
598
|
|
|
599 Menus
|
|
|
600
|
|
|
601 * Menu Format:: Format of a menu description.
|
|
|
602 * Menubar Format:: How to specify a menubar.
|
|
|
603 * Menubar:: Functions for controlling the menubar.
|
|
|
604 * Modifying Menus:: Modifying a menu description.
|
|
|
605 * Pop-Up Menus:: Functions for specifying pop-up menus.
|
|
|
606 * Menu Filters:: Filter functions for the default menubar.
|
|
|
607 * Buffers Menu:: The menu that displays the list of buffers.
|
|
|
608
|
|
|
609 Dialog Boxes
|
|
|
610
|
|
|
611 * Dialog Box Format::
|
|
|
612 * Dialog Box Functions::
|
|
|
613
|
|
|
614 Toolbar
|
|
|
615
|
|
|
616 * Toolbar Intro:: An introduction.
|
|
|
617 * Toolbar Descriptor Format:: How to create a toolbar.
|
|
|
618 * Specifying the Toolbar:: Setting a toolbar.
|
|
|
619 * Other Toolbar Variables:: Controlling the size of toolbars.
|
|
|
620
|
|
|
621 Scrollbars
|
|
|
622
|
|
|
623 Major and Minor Modes
|
|
|
624
|
|
|
625 * Major Modes:: Defining major modes.
|
|
|
626 * Minor Modes:: Defining minor modes.
|
|
|
627 * Modeline Format:: Customizing the text that appears in the modeline.
|
|
|
628 * Hooks:: How to use hooks; how to write code that
|
|
|
629 provides hooks.
|
|
|
630
|
|
|
631 Major Modes
|
|
|
632
|
|
|
633 * Major Mode Conventions:: Coding conventions for keymaps, etc.
|
|
|
634 * Example Major Modes:: Text mode and Lisp modes.
|
|
|
635 * Auto Major Mode:: How XEmacs chooses the major mode automatically.
|
|
|
636 * Mode Help:: Finding out how to use a mode.
|
|
|
637
|
|
|
638 Minor Modes
|
|
|
639
|
|
|
640 * Minor Mode Conventions:: Tips for writing a minor mode.
|
|
|
641 * Keymaps and Minor Modes:: How a minor mode can have its own keymap.
|
|
|
642
|
|
|
643 Modeline Format
|
|
|
644
|
|
|
645 * Modeline Data:: The data structure that controls the modeline.
|
|
|
646 * Modeline Variables:: Variables used in that data structure.
|
|
|
647 * %-Constructs:: Putting information into a modeline.
|
|
|
648
|
|
|
649 Documentation
|
|
|
650
|
|
|
651 * Documentation Basics:: Good style for doc strings.
|
|
|
652 Where to put them. How XEmacs stores them.
|
|
|
653 * Accessing Documentation:: How Lisp programs can access doc strings.
|
|
|
654 * Keys in Documentation:: Substituting current key bindings.
|
|
|
655 * Describing Characters:: Making printable descriptions of
|
|
|
656 non-printing characters and key sequences.
|
|
|
657 * Help Functions:: Subroutines used by XEmacs help facilities.
|
|
|
658
|
|
|
659 Files
|
|
|
660
|
|
|
661 * Visiting Files:: Reading files into Emacs buffers for editing.
|
|
|
662 * Saving Buffers:: Writing changed buffers back into files.
|
|
|
663 * Reading from Files:: Reading files into other buffers.
|
|
|
664 * Writing to Files:: Writing new files from parts of buffers.
|
|
|
665 * File Locks:: Locking and unlocking files, to prevent
|
|
|
666 simultaneous editing by two people.
|
|
|
667 * Information about Files:: Testing existence, accessibility, size of files.
|
|
|
668 * Contents of Directories:: Getting a list of the files in a directory.
|
|
|
669 * Changing File Attributes:: Renaming files, changing protection, etc.
|
|
|
670 * File Names:: Decomposing and expanding file names.
|
|
|
671
|
|
|
672 Visiting Files
|
|
|
673
|
|
|
674 * Visiting Functions:: The usual interface functions for visiting.
|
|
|
675 * Subroutines of Visiting:: Lower-level subroutines that they use.
|
|
|
676
|
|
|
677 Information about Files
|
|
|
678
|
|
|
679 * Testing Accessibility:: Is a given file readable? Writable?
|
|
|
680 * Kinds of Files:: Is it a directory? A link?
|
|
|
681 * File Attributes:: How large is it? Any other names? Etc.
|
|
|
682
|
|
|
683 File Names
|
|
|
684
|
|
|
685 * File Name Components:: The directory part of a file name, and the rest.
|
|
|
686 * Directory Names:: A directory's name as a directory
|
|
|
687 is different from its name as a file.
|
|
|
688 * Relative File Names:: Some file names are relative to a
|
|
|
689 current directory.
|
|
|
690 * File Name Expansion:: Converting relative file names to absolute ones.
|
|
|
691 * Unique File Names:: Generating names for temporary files.
|
|
|
692 * File Name Completion:: Finding the completions for a given file name.
|
|
|
693
|
|
|
694 Backups and Auto-Saving
|
|
|
695
|
|
|
696 * Backup Files:: How backup files are made; how their names
|
|
|
697 are chosen.
|
|
|
698 * Auto-Saving:: How auto-save files are made; how their
|
|
|
699 names are chosen.
|
|
|
700 * Reverting:: @code{revert-buffer}, and how to customize
|
|
|
701 what it does.
|
|
|
702
|
|
|
703 Backup Files
|
|
|
704
|
|
|
705 * Making Backups:: How XEmacs makes backup files, and when.
|
|
|
706 * Rename or Copy:: Two alternatives: renaming the old file
|
|
|
707 or copying it.
|
|
|
708 * Numbered Backups:: Keeping multiple backups for each source file.
|
|
|
709 * Backup Names:: How backup file names are computed; customization.
|
|
|
710
|
|
|
711 Buffers
|
|
|
712
|
|
|
713 * Buffer Basics:: What is a buffer?
|
|
|
714 * Buffer Names:: Accessing and changing buffer names.
|
|
|
715 * Buffer File Name:: The buffer file name indicates which file
|
|
|
716 is visited.
|
|
|
717 * Buffer Modification:: A buffer is @dfn{modified} if it needs to be saved.
|
|
|
718 * Modification Time:: Determining whether the visited file was changed
|
|
|
719 ``behind XEmacs's back''.
|
|
|
720 * Read Only Buffers:: Modifying text is not allowed in a
|
|
|
721 read-only buffer.
|
|
|
722 * The Buffer List:: How to look at all the existing buffers.
|
|
|
723 * Creating Buffers:: Functions that create buffers.
|
|
|
724 * Killing Buffers:: Buffers exist until explicitly killed.
|
|
|
725 * Current Buffer:: Designating a buffer as current
|
|
|
726 so primitives will access its contents.
|
|
|
727
|
|
|
728 Windows
|
|
|
729
|
|
|
730 * Basic Windows:: Basic information on using windows.
|
|
|
731 * Splitting Windows:: Splitting one window into two windows.
|
|
|
732 * Deleting Windows:: Deleting a window gives its space to other windows.
|
|
|
733 * Selecting Windows:: The selected window is the one that you edit in.
|
|
|
734 * Cyclic Window Ordering:: Moving around the existing windows.
|
|
|
735 * Buffers and Windows:: Each window displays the contents of a buffer.
|
|
|
736 * Displaying Buffers:: Higher-lever functions for displaying a buffer
|
|
|
737 and choosing a window for it.
|
|
|
738 * Window Point:: Each window has its own location of point.
|
|
|
739 * Window Start:: The display-start position controls which text
|
|
|
740 is on-screen in the window.
|
|
|
741 * Vertical Scrolling:: Moving text up and down in the window.
|
|
|
742 * Horizontal Scrolling:: Moving text sideways on the window.
|
|
|
743 * Size of Window:: Accessing the size of a window.
|
|
|
744 * Resizing Windows:: Changing the size of a window.
|
|
|
745 * Window Configurations:: Saving and restoring the state of the screen.
|
|
|
746
|
|
|
747 Frames
|
|
|
748
|
|
|
749 * Creating Frames:: Creating additional frames.
|
|
54
|
750 * Frame Properties:: Controlling frame size, position, font, etc.
|
|
0
|
751 * Frame Titles:: Automatic updating of frame titles.
|
|
|
752 * Deleting Frames:: Frames last until explicitly deleted.
|
|
|
753 * Finding All Frames:: How to examine all existing frames.
|
|
|
754 * Frames and Windows:: A frame contains windows;
|
|
|
755 display of text always works through windows.
|
|
|
756 * Minibuffers and Frames:: How a frame finds the minibuffer to use.
|
|
|
757 * Input Focus:: Specifying the selected frame.
|
|
|
758 * Visibility of Frames:: Frames may be visible or invisible, or icons.
|
|
|
759 * Raising and Lowering:: Raising a frame makes it hide other X windows;
|
|
|
760 lowering it makes the others hide them.
|
|
|
761 * Frame Hooks:: Hooks for customizing frame behavior.
|
|
|
762
|
|
|
763 Positions
|
|
|
764
|
|
|
765 * Point:: The special position where editing takes place.
|
|
|
766 * Motion:: Changing point.
|
|
|
767 * Excursions:: Temporary motion and buffer changes.
|
|
|
768 * Narrowing:: Restricting editing to a portion of the buffer.
|
|
|
769
|
|
|
770 Motion
|
|
|
771
|
|
|
772 * Character Motion:: Moving in terms of characters.
|
|
|
773 * Word Motion:: Moving in terms of words.
|
|
|
774 * Buffer End Motion:: Moving to the beginning or end of the buffer.
|
|
|
775 * Text Lines:: Moving in terms of lines of text.
|
|
|
776 * Screen Lines:: Moving in terms of lines as displayed.
|
|
|
777 * List Motion:: Moving by parsing lists and sexps.
|
|
|
778 * Skipping Characters:: Skipping characters belonging to a certain set.
|
|
|
779
|
|
|
780 Markers
|
|
|
781
|
|
|
782 * Overview of Markers:: The components of a marker, and how it relocates.
|
|
|
783 * Predicates on Markers:: Testing whether an object is a marker.
|
|
|
784 * Creating Markers:: Making empty markers or markers at certain places.
|
|
|
785 * Information from Markers:: Finding the marker's buffer or character
|
|
|
786 position.
|
|
|
787 * Changing Markers:: Moving the marker to a new buffer or position.
|
|
|
788 * The Mark:: How ``the mark'' is implemented with a marker.
|
|
|
789 * The Region:: How to access ``the region''.
|
|
|
790
|
|
|
791 Text
|
|
|
792
|
|
|
793 * Near Point:: Examining text in the vicinity of point.
|
|
|
794 * Buffer Contents:: Examining text in a general fashion.
|
|
|
795 * Comparing Text:: Comparing substrings of buffers.
|
|
|
796 * Insertion:: Adding new text to a buffer.
|
|
|
797 * Commands for Insertion:: User-level commands to insert text.
|
|
|
798 * Deletion:: Removing text from a buffer.
|
|
|
799 * User-Level Deletion:: User-level commands to delete text.
|
|
|
800 * The Kill Ring:: Where removed text sometimes is saved for later use.
|
|
|
801 * Undo:: Undoing changes to the text of a buffer.
|
|
|
802 * Maintaining Undo:: How to enable and disable undo information.
|
|
|
803 How to control how much information is kept.
|
|
|
804 * Filling:: Functions for explicit filling.
|
|
|
805 * Margins:: How to specify margins for filling commands.
|
|
|
806 * Auto Filling:: How auto-fill mode is implemented to break lines.
|
|
|
807 * Sorting:: Functions for sorting parts of the buffer.
|
|
|
808 * Columns:: Computing horizontal positions, and using them.
|
|
|
809 * Indentation:: Functions to insert or adjust indentation.
|
|
|
810 * Case Changes:: Case conversion of parts of the buffer.
|
|
|
811 * Text Properties:: Assigning Lisp property lists to text characters.
|
|
|
812 * Substitution:: Replacing a given character wherever it appears.
|
|
|
813 * Registers:: How registers are implemented. Accessing the text or
|
|
|
814 position stored in a register.
|
|
|
815 * Transposition:: Swapping two portions of a buffer.
|
|
|
816 * Change Hooks:: Supplying functions to be run when text is changed.
|
|
|
817
|
|
|
818 The Kill Ring
|
|
|
819
|
|
|
820 * Kill Ring Concepts:: What text looks like in the kill ring.
|
|
|
821 * Kill Functions:: Functions that kill text.
|
|
|
822 * Yank Commands:: Commands that access the kill ring.
|
|
|
823 * Low-Level Kill Ring:: Functions and variables for kill ring access.
|
|
|
824 * Internals of Kill Ring:: Variables that hold kill-ring data.
|
|
|
825
|
|
|
826 Indentation
|
|
|
827
|
|
|
828 * Primitive Indent:: Functions used to count and insert indentation.
|
|
|
829 * Mode-Specific Indent:: Customize indentation for different modes.
|
|
|
830 * Region Indent:: Indent all the lines in a region.
|
|
|
831 * Relative Indent:: Indent the current line based on previous lines.
|
|
|
832 * Indent Tabs:: Adjustable, typewriter-like tab stops.
|
|
|
833 * Motion by Indent:: Move to first non-blank character.
|
|
|
834
|
|
|
835 Searching and Matching
|
|
|
836
|
|
|
837 * String Search:: Search for an exact match.
|
|
|
838 * Regular Expressions:: Describing classes of strings.
|
|
|
839 * Regexp Search:: Searching for a match for a regexp.
|
|
|
840 * Match Data:: Finding out which part of the text matched
|
|
|
841 various parts of a regexp, after regexp search.
|
|
|
842 * Saving Match Data:: Saving and restoring this information.
|
|
|
843 * Standard Regexps:: Useful regexps for finding sentences, pages,...
|
|
|
844 * Searching and Case:: Case-independent or case-significant searching.
|
|
|
845
|
|
|
846 Regular Expressions
|
|
|
847
|
|
|
848 * Syntax of Regexps:: Rules for writing regular expressions.
|
|
|
849 * Regexp Example:: Illustrates regular expression syntax.
|
|
|
850
|
|
|
851 Syntax Tables
|
|
|
852
|
|
|
853 * Syntax Descriptors:: How characters are classified.
|
|
|
854 * Syntax Table Functions:: How to create, examine and alter syntax tables.
|
|
|
855 * Parsing Expressions:: Parsing balanced expressions
|
|
|
856 using the syntax table.
|
|
|
857 * Standard Syntax Tables:: Syntax tables used by various major modes.
|
|
|
858 * Syntax Table Internals:: How syntax table information is stored.
|
|
|
859
|
|
|
860 Syntax Descriptors
|
|
|
861
|
|
|
862 * Syntax Class Table:: Table of syntax classes.
|
|
|
863 * Syntax Flags:: Additional flags each character can have.
|
|
|
864
|
|
|
865 Abbrevs And Abbrev Expansion
|
|
|
866
|
|
|
867 * Abbrev Mode:: Setting up XEmacs for abbreviation.
|
|
|
868 * Tables: Abbrev Tables. Creating and working with abbrev tables.
|
|
|
869 * Defining Abbrevs:: Specifying abbreviations and their expansions.
|
|
|
870 * Files: Abbrev Files. Saving abbrevs in files.
|
|
|
871 * Expansion: Abbrev Expansion. Controlling expansion; expansion subroutines.
|
|
|
872 * Standard Abbrev Tables:: Abbrev tables used by various major modes.
|
|
|
873
|
|
|
874 Extents
|
|
|
875
|
|
|
876 * Intro to Extents:: Extents are regions over a buffer or string.
|
|
|
877 * Creating and Modifying Extents::
|
|
|
878 Basic extent functions.
|
|
|
879 * Extent Endpoints:: Accessing and setting the bounds of an extent.
|
|
|
880 * Finding Extents:: Determining which extents are in an object.
|
|
|
881 * Mapping Over Extents:: More sophisticated functions for extent scanning.
|
|
|
882 * Extent Properties:: Extents have built-in and user-definable properties.
|
|
|
883 * Detached Extents:: Extents that are not in a buffer.
|
|
|
884 * Extent Parents:: Inheriting properties from another extent.
|
|
|
885 * Duplicable Extents:: Extents can be marked to be copied into strings.
|
|
|
886 * Extents and Events:: Extents can interact with the keyboard and mouse.
|
|
|
887 * Atomic Extents:: Treating a block of text as a single entity.
|
|
|
888
|
|
|
889 Specifiers
|
|
|
890
|
|
|
891 * Introduction to Specifiers:: Specifiers provide a clean way for
|
|
|
892 display and other properties to vary
|
|
|
893 (under user control) in a wide variety
|
|
|
894 of contexts.
|
|
|
895 * Specifiers In-Depth:: Gory details about specifier innards.
|
|
|
896 * Specifier Instancing:: Instancing means obtaining the ``value'' of
|
|
|
897 a specifier in a particular context.
|
|
|
898 * Specifier Types:: Specifiers come in different flavors.
|
|
|
899 * Adding Specifications:: Specifications control a specifier's ``value''
|
|
|
900 by giving conditions under which a
|
|
|
901 particular value is valid.
|
|
|
902 * Retrieving Specifications:: Querying a specifier's specifications.
|
|
|
903 * Specifier Instancing Functions::
|
|
|
904 Functions to instance a specifier.
|
|
|
905 * Specifier Example:: Making all this stuff clearer.
|
|
|
906 * Creating Specifiers:: Creating specifiers for your own use.
|
|
|
907 * Specifier Validation Functions::
|
|
|
908 Validating the components of a specifier.
|
|
|
909 * Other Specification Functions::
|
|
|
910 Other ways of working with specifications.
|
|
|
911
|
|
|
912 Faces and Window-System Objects
|
|
|
913
|
|
|
914 * Faces:: Controlling the way text looks.
|
|
|
915 * Fonts:: Controlling the typeface of text.
|
|
|
916 * Colors:: Controlling the color of text and pixmaps.
|
|
|
917
|
|
|
918 Faces
|
|
|
919
|
|
|
920 * Merging Faces:: How XEmacs decides which face to use
|
|
|
921 for a character.
|
|
|
922 * Basic Face Functions:: How to define and examine faces.
|
|
|
923 * Face Properties:: How to access and modify a face's properties.
|
|
|
924 * Face Convenience Functions:: Convenience functions for accessing
|
|
|
925 particular properties of a face.
|
|
|
926 * Other Face Display Functions:: Other functions pertaining to how a
|
|
|
927 a face appears.
|
|
|
928
|
|
|
929 Fonts
|
|
|
930
|
|
|
931 * Font Specifiers:: Specifying how a font will appear.
|
|
|
932 * Font Instances:: What a font specifier gets instanced as.
|
|
|
933 * Font Instance Names:: The name of a font instance.
|
|
|
934 * Font Instance Size:: The size of a font instance.
|
|
|
935 * Font Instance Characteristics:: Display characteristics of font instances.
|
|
|
936 * Font Convenience Functions:: Convenience functions that automatically
|
|
|
937 instance and retrieve the properties
|
|
|
938 of a font specifier.
|
|
|
939
|
|
|
940 Colors
|
|
|
941
|
|
|
942 * Color Specifiers:: Specifying how a color will appear.
|
|
|
943 * Color Instances:: What a color specifier gets instanced as.
|
|
|
944 * Color Instance Properties:: Properties of color instances.
|
|
|
945 * Color Convenience Functions:: Convenience functions that automatically
|
|
|
946 instance and retrieve the properties
|
|
|
947 of a color specifier.
|
|
|
948
|
|
|
949 Glyphs
|
|
|
950
|
|
|
951 * Glyph Functions:: Functions for working with glyphs.
|
|
|
952 * Images:: Graphical images displayed in a frame.
|
|
|
953 * Glyph Types:: Each glyph has a particular type.
|
|
|
954 * Mouse Pointer:: Controlling the mouse pointer.
|
|
|
955 * Redisplay Glyphs:: Glyphs controlling various redisplay functions.
|
|
|
956 * Subwindows:: Inserting an externally-controlled subwindow
|
|
|
957 into a buffer.
|
|
|
958
|
|
|
959 Glyph Functions
|
|
|
960
|
|
|
961 * Creating Glyphs:: Creating new glyphs.
|
|
|
962 * Glyph Properties:: Accessing and modifying a glyph's properties.
|
|
|
963 * Glyph Convenience Functions::
|
|
|
964 Convenience functions for accessing particular
|
|
|
965 properties of a glyph.
|
|
|
966 * Glyph Dimensions:: Determining the height, width, etc. of a glyph.
|
|
|
967
|
|
|
968 Images
|
|
|
969
|
|
|
970 * Image Specifiers:: Specifying how an image will appear.
|
|
|
971 * Image Instantiator Conversion::
|
|
|
972 Conversion is applied to image instantiators
|
|
|
973 at the time they are added to an
|
|
|
974 image specifier or at the time they
|
|
|
975 are passed to @code{make-image-instance}.
|
|
|
976 * Image Instances:: What an image specifier gets instanced as.
|
|
|
977
|
|
|
978 Image Instances
|
|
|
979
|
|
|
980 * Image Instance Types:: Each image instances has a particular type.
|
|
|
981 * Image Instance Functions:: Functions for working with image instances.
|
|
|
982
|
|
|
983 Annotations
|
|
|
984
|
|
|
985 * Annotation Basics:: Introduction to annotations.
|
|
|
986 * Annotation Primitives:: Creating and deleting annotations.
|
|
|
987 * Annotation Properties:: Retrieving and changing the characteristics
|
|
|
988 of an annotation.
|
|
|
989 * Margin Primitives:: Controlling the size of the margins.
|
|
|
990 * Locating Annotations:: Looking for annotations in a buffer.
|
|
|
991 * Annotation Hooks:: Hooks called at certain times during an
|
|
|
992 annotation's lifetime.
|
|
|
993
|
|
|
994 Hash Tables
|
|
|
995
|
|
|
996 * Introduction to Hash Tables:: Hash tables are fast data structures for
|
|
|
997 implementing simple tables (i.e. finite
|
|
|
998 mappings from keys to values).
|
|
|
999 * Working With Hash Tables:: Hash table functions.
|
|
|
1000 * Weak Hash Tables:: Hash tables with special garbage-collection
|
|
|
1001 behavior.
|
|
|
1002
|
|
|
1003 Range Tables
|
|
|
1004
|
|
|
1005 * Introduction to Range Tables:: Range tables efficiently map ranges of
|
|
|
1006 integers to values.
|
|
|
1007 * Working With Range Tables:: Range table functions.
|
|
|
1008
|
|
|
1009
|
|
|
1010 XEmacs Display
|
|
|
1011
|
|
|
1012 * Refresh Screen:: Clearing the screen and redrawing everything on it.
|
|
|
1013 * Truncation:: Folding or wrapping long text lines.
|
|
|
1014 * The Echo Area:: Where messages are displayed.
|
|
|
1015 * Selective Display:: Hiding part of the buffer text.
|
|
|
1016 * Overlay Arrow:: Display of an arrow to indicate position.
|
|
|
1017 * Temporary Displays:: Displays that go away automatically.
|
|
|
1018 * Blinking:: How XEmacs shows the matching open parenthesis.
|
|
|
1019 * Usual Display:: The usual conventions for displaying nonprinting chars.
|
|
|
1020 * Display Tables:: How to specify other conventions.
|
|
|
1021 * Beeping:: Audible signal to the user.
|
|
|
1022
|
|
|
1023 Processes
|
|
|
1024
|
|
|
1025 * Subprocess Creation:: Functions that start subprocesses.
|
|
|
1026 * Synchronous Processes:: Details of using synchronous subprocesses.
|
|
|
1027 * Asynchronous Processes:: Starting up an asynchronous subprocess.
|
|
|
1028 * Deleting Processes:: Eliminating an asynchronous subprocess.
|
|
|
1029 * Process Information:: Accessing run-status and other attributes.
|
|
|
1030 * Input to Processes:: Sending input to an asynchronous subprocess.
|
|
|
1031 * Signals to Processes:: Stopping, continuing or interrupting
|
|
|
1032 an asynchronous subprocess.
|
|
|
1033 * Output from Processes:: Collecting output from an asynchronous subprocess.
|
|
|
1034 * Sentinels:: Sentinels run when process run-status changes.
|
|
|
1035 * Network:: Opening network connections.
|
|
|
1036
|
|
|
1037 Receiving Output from Processes
|
|
|
1038
|
|
|
1039 * Process Buffers:: If no filter, output is put in a buffer.
|
|
|
1040 * Filter Functions:: Filter functions accept output from the process.
|
|
|
1041 * Accepting Output:: How to wait until process output arrives.
|
|
|
1042
|
|
|
1043 Operating System Interface
|
|
|
1044
|
|
|
1045 * Starting Up:: Customizing XEmacs start-up processing.
|
|
|
1046 * Getting Out:: How exiting works (permanent or temporary).
|
|
|
1047 * System Environment:: Distinguish the name and kind of system.
|
|
|
1048 * Terminal Input:: Recording terminal input for debugging.
|
|
|
1049 * Terminal Output:: Recording terminal output for debugging.
|
|
|
1050 * Flow Control:: How to turn output flow control on or off.
|
|
|
1051 * Batch Mode:: Running XEmacs without terminal interaction.
|
|
|
1052
|
|
|
1053 Starting Up XEmacs
|
|
|
1054
|
|
|
1055 * Start-up Summary:: Sequence of actions XEmacs performs at start-up.
|
|
|
1056 * Init File:: Details on reading the init file (@file{.emacs}).
|
|
|
1057 * Terminal-Specific:: How the terminal-specific Lisp file is read.
|
|
|
1058 * Command Line Arguments:: How command line arguments are processed,
|
|
|
1059 and how you can customize them.
|
|
|
1060
|
|
|
1061 Getting out of XEmacs
|
|
|
1062
|
|
|
1063 * Killing XEmacs:: Exiting XEmacs irreversibly.
|
|
|
1064 * Suspending XEmacs:: Exiting XEmacs reversibly.
|
|
|
1065
|
|
|
1066 X-Windows
|
|
|
1067
|
|
|
1068 * X Selections:: Transferring text to and from other X clients.
|
|
|
1069 * X Server:: Information about the X server connected to
|
|
|
1070 a particular device.
|
|
|
1071 * Resources:: Getting resource values from the server.
|
|
|
1072 * Server Data:: Getting info about the X server.
|
|
|
1073 * Grabs:: Restricting access to the server by other apps.
|
|
|
1074 * X Miscellaneous:: Other X-specific functions and variables.
|
|
|
1075
|
|
|
1076 ToolTalk Support
|
|
|
1077
|
|
|
1078 * XEmacs ToolTalk API Summary::
|
|
|
1079 * Sending Messages::
|
|
|
1080 * Receiving Messages::
|
|
|
1081
|
|
298
|
1082 LDAP Support
|
|
|
1083
|
|
|
1084 * Building XEmacs with LDAP support:: How to add LDAP support to XEmacs
|
|
|
1085 * XEmacs LDAP API:: Lisp access to LDAP functions
|
|
|
1086 * Syntax of Search Filters:: A brief summary of RFC 1558
|
|
|
1087
|
|
|
1088 XEmacs LDAP API
|
|
|
1089
|
|
|
1090 * LDAP Variables:: Lisp variables related to LDAP
|
|
|
1091 * The High-Level LDAP API:: High-level LDAP lisp functions
|
|
|
1092 * The Low-Level LDAP API:: Low-level LDAP lisp primitives
|
|
|
1093
|
|
|
1094 The Low-Level LDAP API
|
|
|
1095
|
|
|
1096 * The LDAP Lisp Object::
|
|
|
1097 * Opening and Closing a LDAP Connection::
|
|
|
1098 * Searching on a LDAP Server (Low-level)::
|
|
|
1099
|
|
0
|
1100 Internationalization
|
|
|
1101
|
|
|
1102 * I18N Levels 1 and 2:: Support for different time, date, and currency formats.
|
|
|
1103 * I18N Level 3:: Support for localized messages.
|
|
|
1104 * I18N Level 4:: Support for Asian languages.
|
|
|
1105
|
|
|
1106 MULE
|
|
|
1107
|
|
|
1108 * Internationalization Terminology::
|
|
|
1109 Definition of various internationalization terms.
|
|
|
1110 * Charsets:: Sets of related characters.
|
|
|
1111 * MULE Characters:: Working with characters in XEmacs/MULE.
|
|
|
1112 * Composite Characters:: Making new characters by overstriking other ones.
|
|
|
1113 * ISO 2022:: An international standard for charsets and encodings.
|
|
|
1114 * Coding Systems:: Ways of representing a string of chars using integers.
|
|
|
1115 * CCL:: A special language for writing fast converters.
|
|
|
1116 * Category Tables:: Subdividing charsets into groups.
|
|
|
1117
|
|
|
1118 Tips
|
|
|
1119
|
|
|
1120 * Style Tips:: Writing clean and robust programs.
|
|
|
1121 * Compilation Tips:: Making compiled code run fast.
|
|
|
1122 * Documentation Tips:: Writing readable documentation strings.
|
|
|
1123 * Comment Tips:: Conventions for writing comments.
|
|
|
1124 * Library Headers:: Standard headers for library packages.
|
|
|
1125
|
|
|
1126 Building XEmacs and Object Allocation
|
|
|
1127
|
|
|
1128 * Building XEmacs:: How to preload Lisp libraries into XEmacs.
|
|
|
1129 * Pure Storage:: A kludge to make preloaded Lisp functions sharable.
|
|
|
1130 * Garbage Collection:: Reclaiming space for Lisp objects no longer used.
|
|
|
1131
|
|
|
1132 @end menu
|
|
|
1133
|
|
|
1134 @include intro.texi
|
|
|
1135 @include objects.texi
|
|
|
1136 @include numbers.texi
|
|
|
1137 @include strings.texi
|
|
|
1138
|
|
|
1139 @include lists.texi
|
|
|
1140 @include sequences.texi
|
|
|
1141 @include symbols.texi
|
|
|
1142 @include eval.texi
|
|
|
1143
|
|
|
1144 @include control.texi
|
|
|
1145 @include variables.texi
|
|
|
1146 @include functions.texi
|
|
|
1147 @include macros.texi
|
|
373
|
1148 @include customize.texi
|
|
0
|
1149
|
|
|
1150 @include loading.texi
|
|
|
1151 @include compile.texi
|
|
|
1152 @include debugging.texi
|
|
|
1153 @include streams.texi
|
|
|
1154
|
|
|
1155 @include minibuf.texi
|
|
|
1156 @include commands.texi
|
|
|
1157 @include keymaps.texi
|
|
|
1158 @include menus.texi
|
|
|
1159 @include dialog.texi
|
|
|
1160 @include toolbar.texi
|
|
|
1161 @include scrollbars.texi
|
|
284
|
1162 @include dragndrop.texi
|
|
0
|
1163 @include modes.texi
|
|
|
1164
|
|
|
1165 @include help.texi
|
|
|
1166 @include files.texi
|
|
|
1167 @include backups.texi
|
|
|
1168 @include buffers.texi
|
|
|
1169
|
|
|
1170 @include windows.texi
|
|
|
1171 @include frames.texi
|
|
|
1172 @include consoles-devices.texi
|
|
|
1173 @include positions.texi
|
|
|
1174 @include markers.texi
|
|
|
1175 @include text.texi
|
|
|
1176
|
|
|
1177 @include searching.texi
|
|
|
1178 @include syntax.texi
|
|
|
1179 @include abbrevs.texi
|
|
|
1180
|
|
|
1181 @include extents.texi
|
|
|
1182 @include specifiers.texi
|
|
|
1183 @include faces.texi
|
|
|
1184 @include glyphs.texi
|
|
|
1185 @include annotations.texi
|
|
|
1186 @include display.texi
|
|
|
1187
|
|
|
1188 @include hash-tables.texi
|
|
|
1189 @include range-tables.texi
|
|
|
1190 @include databases.texi
|
|
|
1191
|
|
|
1192 @include processes.texi
|
|
|
1193 @include os.texi
|
|
|
1194 @include x-windows.texi
|
|
|
1195 @include tooltalk.texi
|
|
298
|
1196 @include ldap.texi
|
|
0
|
1197 @include internationalization.texi
|
|
|
1198 @include mule.texi
|
|
|
1199
|
|
|
1200 @c MOVE to User's Manual: include calendar.texi
|
|
|
1201
|
|
|
1202 @c MOVE to User's Manual: include misc-modes.texi
|
|
|
1203
|
|
|
1204 @c appendices
|
|
|
1205
|
|
|
1206 @c REMOVE this: include non-hacker.texi
|
|
|
1207
|
|
|
1208 @include tips.texi
|
|
|
1209 @include building.texi
|
|
|
1210 @include errors.texi
|
|
|
1211 @include locals.texi
|
|
|
1212 @include maps.texi
|
|
|
1213 @include hooks.texi
|
|
|
1214
|
|
|
1215 @include index.texi
|
|
|
1216
|
|
|
1217 @c Print the tables of contents
|
|
|
1218 @summarycontents
|
|
|
1219 @contents
|
|
|
1220 @c That's all
|
|
|
1221
|
|
|
1222 @bye
|
|
|
1223
|
|
|
1224
|
|
|
1225 These words prevent "local variables" above from confusing XEmacs.
|
