annotate etc/TUTORIAL.hr @ 4584:56e67d42eb04

Clarify comment in struct x_frame.
author Stephen J. Turnbull <stephen@xemacs.org>
date Thu, 20 Nov 2008 23:59:52 +0900 (2008-11-20)
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children
Ignore whitespace changes - Everywhere: Within whitespace: At end of lines:
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1 Copyright (c) 1985, 1996 Free Software Foundation, Inc. Uvjeti
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2 kopiranja na kraju.
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3
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4 Ovo su osnovne upute za Emacs.
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5
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6 Op�enito, Emacsove naredbe sadr�e tipku CONTROL (ponekad ozna�enu CTRL
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7 ili CTL) ili tipku META. Na nekim tipkovnicama tipka META je ozna�ena
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8 kao ALT ili EDIT, ili ne�to tre�e (na primjer, na Sunovim tipkovnicama
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9 karo znak lijevo od razmaknice je META). Ako nemate tipku META,
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10 umjesto nje mo�ete koristiti ESC. Da ne pi�emo META ili CONTROL svaki
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11 put kad mislimo na prefiksnu tipku, koristit �emo sljede�e skra�enice:
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12
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13 C-<znak> zna�i dr�e�i tipku CONTROL, stisnite znak <znak>. Tako bi
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14 C-f bilo: Dr�e�i tipku CONTROL, napi�ite f.
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15 M-<znak> zna�i dr�e�i tipku META, pritisnite <znak>. Ako nema tipke
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16 META, pritisnite <ESC>, otpustite ga, i napi�ite znak
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17 <znak>.
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18
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19 Napomena: za izlazak iz Emacsa, utipkajte C-x C-c. (Dva znaka.)
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20 Znakovi ">>" na lijevom rubu nazna�uju uputstva da poku�ate koristiti
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21 neku naredbu. Na primjer:
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22 <<Sredina stranice namjerno ostavljena prazna. Tekst se nastavlja dolje.>>
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23 >> Sad utipkajte C-v za pomak na sljede�i ekran.
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24 (samo naprijed, u�inite to tako da dr�ite tipku control i
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25 pritisnite 'v'). Od sad, ovo trebate napraviti kad god zavr�ite
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26 sa �itanjem stranice teksta.
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27
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28 Uo�ite dva reda koja se preklapaju kad se pomaknete s ekrana na ekran;
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29 preklapanje osigurava kontinuitet koji vam olak�ava �itanje teksta.
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30
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31 Prva stvar koju trebate znati jest kako se micati s mjesta na mjesto u
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32 tekstu. Ve� znate kako se pomaknuti ekran naprijed, pomo�u C-v. Da
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33 biste se pomakli ekran natrag, pritisnite M-v (dr�ite tipku META i
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34 pritisnite v, ili upi�ite <ESC>v ako nemate tipke META, EDIT ili ALT).
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35
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36 >> Poku�ajte tipkati M-v, zatim C-v, nekoliko puta.
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37
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38
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39 * SA�ETAK
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40 ---------
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41
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42 Sljede�e naredbe su korisne za pregledavanje stranica teksta:
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43
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44 C-v Pomi�e stranicu naprijed
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45 M-v Pomi�e stranicu natrag
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46 C-l Bri�e ekran, i ponovno iscrtava sve, stavljaju�i tekst
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47 pokraj kursora u sredinu.
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48 (to je control-L, a ne control-1.)
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49
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50 >> Na�ite kursor, i pogledajte tekst pokraj njega.
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51 Sada stisnite C-l.
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52 Opet na�ite kursor, i uo�ite da se pokraj kursora nalazi isti
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53 tekst.
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54
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55
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56 * OSNOVE KONTROLE KURSORA
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57 -------------------------
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58
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59 Pomaci s ekrana na ekran su korisni, ali kako se pomaknuti na pojedino
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60 mjesto u tekstu na ekranu?
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61
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62 To mo�ete u�initi na nekoliko na�ina. Najosnovniji na�in je
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63 upotrijebiti naredbe C-p, C-b, C-f i C-n. Svaka od ovih naredbi
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64 pomi�e kursor jedan redak ili stupac u pojedinom smjeru. Evo tablice
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65 koja pokazuje ove �etiri naredbe i smjerove u kojem pomi�u.
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66
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67 Prethodni red, C-p
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68 (eng. previous line)
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69 :
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70 :
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71 Natrag, C-b .... Trenutni polo�aj kursora .... Naprijed, C-f
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72 (eng. backward) : (eng. forward)
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73 :
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74 Sljede�i red, C-n
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75 (eng. next line)
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76
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77 >> Pomaknite kursor do retka u sredini tablice koriste�i C-n i C-p.
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78 Tada stisnite C-l da vidite cijelu tablicu u sredi�tu ekrana.
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79
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80 Ove su naredbe temeljene na engleskim mnemonicima: P za previous, N za
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81 next, B za backward i F za forward. Ovo su osnovne naredbe za
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82 pomicanje kursora, i s vremenom �ete ih SVE koristiti, pa bi bilo vrlo
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83 korisno da ih sada nau�ite.
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84
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85 >> Stisnite C-n nekoliko puta, tako da dovedete kursor do ovog retka.
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86
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87 >> Pomaknite se na red s C-f-ovima, i onda gore do C-p-ova.
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88 Uo�ite �to C-p radi kad je kursor na sredini reda.
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89
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90 Svaki red teksta zavr�ava znakom Newline (novi red), �ime ga se odvaja
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91 od sljede�eg reda. Zadnji red u datoteci bi trebao imati Newline na
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92 kraju (ali Emacs to ne zahtijeva).
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93
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94 >> Poku�ajte stisnuti C-b na po�etku reda. Trebalo bi vas pomaknuti
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95 na kraj prethodnog reda. To se doga�a zato �to ste se pomakli
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96 unatrag, preko znaka Newline.
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97
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98 C-f se mi�e preko Newline-a, ba� kao i C-b.
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99
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100 >> Pritisnite jo� nekoliko puta C-b, da steknete osje�aj za kursor.
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101 Tad sti��ite C-f dok se ne vratite na kraj reda.
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102 Zatim se jo� jednim C-f-om pomaknite na po�etak sljede�eg reda.
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103
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104 Kad se pomaknete preko gornjeg ili donjeg ruba ekrana, tekst iza ruba
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105 se pomakne na ekran. Ovo se naziva "pomak" (eng. scrolling). Njime
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106 Emacs mo�e pomaknuti kursor na neko mjesto u tekstu bez uklanjanja
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107 kursora s ekrana.
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108
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109 >> Poku�ajte pomaknuti kursor s donjeg ruba sa C-n, i pogledajte �to
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110 se doga�a.
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111
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112 Ako je micanje po znakovima presporo, mo�ete se micati po rije�ima.
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113 M-f (Meta-f) mi�e rije� naprijed, a M-b mi�e rije� natrag.
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114
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115 >> Pritisnite nekoliko puta M-f i M-b.
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116
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117 Kad se nalazite u sredini rije�i, M-f pomi�e na kraj rije�i. Kad se
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118 nalazite u praznom prostoru izme�u rije�i, M-f pomi�e na kraj sljede�e
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119 rije�i. M-b se pona�a na isti na�in, ali u suprotnom smjeru.
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120
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121 >> Pritisnite M-f i M-b nekoliko puta, izmije�ano s C-f i C-b, tako da
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122 mo�ete promotriti kako se M-f i M-b pona�aju na razli�itim mjestima
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123 unutar i izme�u rije�i.
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124
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125 Uo�ite paralelu izme�u C-f i C-b na jednoj strani, i M-f i M-b na
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126 drugoj. Meta znakovi se �esto koriste za operacije vezane uz jedinice
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127 definirane jezikom (rije�i, re�enice, paragrafi), dok Control znakovi
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128 rade na osnovnim jedinicama, neovisno o onome �to editirate (znakovi,
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129 redovi, itd.)
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130
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131 Analogija vrijedi i izme�u redova i re�enica: C-a i C-e pomi�u na
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132 po�etak, odnosno na kraj reda, dok M-a i M-e pomi�u na po�etak, odnosno
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133 kraj re�enice.
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134
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135 >> Isku�ajte C-a nekoliko puta, potom C-e nekoliko puta.
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136 >> Iskupajte M-a nekoliko puta, potom M-e nekoliko puta.
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137
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138 Uo�ite kako ponovljeni C-a ne rade ni�ta, dok ponovljeni M-a
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139 nastavljaju micati po re�enicama. Iako ovo nije sasvim analogno,
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140 svaka se naredba doima prirodnom.
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141
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142 Polo�aj kursora u tekstu se tako�er naziva "to�ka" (eng. point).
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143 Druga�ije re�eno, kursor pokazuje na ekranu gdje se point nalazi u
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144 tekstu.
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145
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146 Evo sa�etka jednostavnih operacija za micanje kursora, uklju�uju�i i
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147 naredbe za pomicanje preko rije�i i re�enica:
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148
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149 C-f Znak naprijed
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150 C-b Znak natrag
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151
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152 M-f Rije� naprijed
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153 M-b Rije� natrag
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cvs
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154
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cvs
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155 C-n Sljede�i red
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
156 C-p Prethodni red
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cvs
parents:
diff changeset
157
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cvs
parents:
diff changeset
158 C-a Po�etak reda
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
159 C-e Kraj reda
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cvs
parents:
diff changeset
160
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cvs
parents:
diff changeset
161 M-a Po�etak re�enice
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
162 M-e Kraj re�enice
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
163
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cvs
parents:
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164 >> Isku�ajte sve ove naredbe jo� nekoliko puta, za vje�bu.
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cvs
parents:
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165 To su naj�e��e rabljene naredbe.
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cvs
parents:
diff changeset
166
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cvs
parents:
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167 Dvije druge va�ne naredbe za pomicanje kursora su M-< (Meta Manje),
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
168 koja pomi�e na po�etak cijelog teksta, i M-> (Meta Ve�e), koja pomi�e
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
169 na kraj cijelog teksta.
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
170
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
171 Na ve�ini terminala, "<" je iznad zareza, tako da morate koristiti
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
172 tipku shift da biste ga utipkali. Na tim terminalima morate koristiti
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
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173 tipku shift i da biste utipkali M-<; bez shifta, pisali biste M-zarez.
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cvs
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174
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cvs
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175 >> Sada isku�ajte M-<, da biste se pomaknuli na po�etak uputa.
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cvs
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176 Potom upotrijebite C-v nekoliko puta da se vratite ovamo.
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cvs
parents:
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177
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cvs
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178 >> Sada isku�ajte M->, pomaknuv�i se na kraj uputa.
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cvs
parents:
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179 Potom upotrijebite M-v nekoliko puta da se vratite ovamo.
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cvs
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180
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cvs
parents:
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181 Ako va� terminal ima kursorske tipke, mo�ete kursor pomicati njima.
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cvs
parents:
diff changeset
182 Preporu�ujemo da nau�ite C-b, C-f, C-n i C-p iz tri razloga. Prvo,
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
183 rade na svim vrstama terminala. Drugo, kad steknete rutinu kori�tenja
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
184 Emacsa, primijetit �ete da je tipkanje ovih CTRL znakova br�e od
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
185 uporabe kursorskih tipki (jer ne morate odmicati prste od polo�aja za
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
186 tipkanje). Tre�e, jednom kad se naviknete koristiti CTRL znakovne
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
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187 naredbe, lako �ete nau�iti koristiti druge napredne naredbe za micanje
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cvs
parents:
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188 kursora.
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
189
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
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190 Ve�ina Emacsovih naredbi prihva�a numeri�ki argument; za ve�inu njih
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
191 ovo slu�i kao broja� ponavljanja. Broja� ponavljanja zadajete tako da
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cvs
parents:
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192 utipkate C-u i potom znamenke prije nego �to utipkate naredbu. Ako
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cvs
parents:
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193 imate tipku META (ili EDIT ili ALT), postoji jo� jedan alternativan
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
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194 na�in uno�enja numeri�kog argumenta: tipkajte znamenke dr�e�i svo vrijeme
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cvs
parents:
diff changeset
195 tipku META. Preporu�ujemo u�enje metode pomo�u C-u, jer radi na svim
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
196 terminalima.
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cvs
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197
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
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198 Primjerice, C-u 8 C-f pomi�e osam znakova naprijed.
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cvs
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199
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cvs
parents:
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200 >> Poku�ajte koristiti C-n ili C-p s numeri�kim argumentom, tako da
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
201 pomaknete kursor na liniju blisku ovoj samo jednom naredbom.
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
202
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
203 Ve�ina naredbi koristi numeri�ki argument kao broja� ponavljanja.
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
204 Neke ga naredbe, izunimno, koriste druga�ije. C-v i M-v su me�u
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
205 iznimkama. Kad im se proslijedi argument, one pomaknu ekran gore ili
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
206 dolje, za toliko redova, a ne stranica. Na primjer, C-u 4 C-v pomi�e
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
207 ekran za �etiri reda.
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
208
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cvs
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209 >> Sada poku�ajte upisati C-u 8 C-v.
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cvs
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diff changeset
210
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cvs
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211 Ovo je trebalo pomaknuti ekran za 8 redova. Ako ga ho�ete pomaknuti
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
212 natrag, mo�ete dati isti argument M-v.
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
213
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
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214 Ako koristite X Window sistem, vjerojatno se na desnoj strani Emacsova
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
215 prozora nalazi pravokutno podru�je nazvano "vrpca za pomicanje"
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
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parents:
diff changeset
216 (eng. scroll-bar). Mo�ete pomicati tekst mi�em povla�e�i kliza�
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cvs
parents:
diff changeset
217 unutar vrpce.
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cvs
parents:
diff changeset
218
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
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219 >> Poku�ajte pritisnuti srednju tipku mi�a na vrh kliza�a unutar
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cvs
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diff changeset
220 scroll-bara. Ovo bi trebalo pomaknuti tekst do polo�aja odre�enog
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
221 visinom to�ke pritiska.
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
222
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cvs
parents:
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223 >> Pomaknite mi�a na to�ku scroll-bara otprilike tri reda od vrha, i
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cvs
parents:
diff changeset
224 pritisnite lijevu tipku mi�a nekoliko puta.
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cvs
parents:
diff changeset
225
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cvs
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226
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cvs
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227 * KONTROLA KURSORA NA X TERMINALU
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cvs
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228 ---------------------------------
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cvs
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229
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cvs
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230 Ako imate X terminal, vjerojatno �e vam biti lak�e koristiti tipke
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
231 kursorskog bloka. Lijeva, desna, gornja i donja strelica pomi�u u
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
232 o�ekivanom smjeru; one funkcioniraju jednako kao i C-b, C-f, C-p i
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
233 C-n, ali ih je lak�e tipkati i zapamtiti. Tako�er mo�ete koristiti
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
234 C-lijevo i C-desno za pomake po rije�ima, a C-gore i C-dolje za pomake
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cvs
parents:
diff changeset
235 po blokovima (npr. paragrafima, ako editirate tekst). Ako imate tipke
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
236 ozna�ene s HOME (ili BEGIN) i END, one �e vas pomaknuti na po�etak
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
237 odnosno kraj reda, a C-home i C-end �e vas pomaknuti na po�etak
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
238 odnosno kraj datoteke. Ako va�a tipkovnica ima tipke PgUp i PgDn,
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
239 mo�ete ih koristiti za pomicanje gore i dolje po stranicama, kao M-v i
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
240 C-v.
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
241
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
242 Sve ove naredbe mogu primiti numeri�ke argumente, kao �to je gore
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
243 opisano. Mo�ete taj argument unijeti kra�im putem: samo dr�ite tipku
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
244 CONTROL ili META, i upi�ite broj. Na primjer, za pomak 12 rije�i
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
245 desno, tipkajte C-1 C-2 C-desno. Uo�ite da je ovo jako lako utipkati,
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
246 jer ne morate otpu�tati tipku CONTROL izme�u pritisaka tipki.
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
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diff changeset
247
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
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248
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
249 * KAD EMACS BLOKIRA
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
250 -------------------
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
251
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
252 Ako Emacs prestane odgovarati na va�e naredbe, mo�ete ga zaustaviti
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
253 utipkav�i C-g. Mo�ete koristiti C-g da zaustavite naredbu koja predugo
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
254 traje.
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
255
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
256 Tako�er s C-g mo�ete odbaciti numeri�ki argument, ili po�etak naredbe
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
257 koju ne �elite zavr�iti.
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
258
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cvs
parents:
diff changeset
259 >> Upi�ite C-u 100 da napravite numeri�ki argument 100, zatim stisnite C-g.
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
260 Sad upi�ite C-f. Pomaknut �e se samo za jedan znak, jer ste
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
261 argument odbacili s C-g.
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
262
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
263 Ako gre�kom stisnete <ESC>, mo�ete ga se rije�iti s C-g.
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
264
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
265
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
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266 * ONEMOGU�ENE NAREDBE
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
267 ---------------------
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
268
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
269 Neke Emacsove naredbe su "onemogu�ene", tako da ih po�etnici ne mogu
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
270 pokrenuti gre�kom.
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
271
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
272 Ako utipkate jednu od onemogu�enih naredbi, Emacs �e vas porukom
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
273 obavijestiti koju ste naredbu poku�ali pokrenuti, i pitati vas �elite
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
274 li je ipak izvr�iti.
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
275
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
276 Ako je zaista �elite isprobati, pritisnite razmaknicu kao odgovor na
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
277 pitanje. Ina�e, ako ne �elite izvr�iti onemogu�enu naredbu,
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
278 odgovorite na pitanje s "n".
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
279
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
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280 >> Pritisnite `C-x n p' (�to je onemogu�ena naredba),
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
281 zatim na pitanje odgovorite s "n".
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
282
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
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283
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
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284 * PROZORI
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
285 ---------
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
286
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
287 Emacs mo�e imati nekoliko prozora, svaki s vlastitim tekstom. Uo�ite
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
288 da se pojam "prozora" kako ga koristi Emacs ne odnosi na odvojene
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
289 preklapaju�e prozore windowing sustava, ve� na razdvojene dijelove
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
290 unutar jednog X prozora. (Emacs tako�er mo�e prikazati vi�e X
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
291 prozora, odnosno "okvira", u Emacsovoj terminologiji. To je opisano
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
292 kasnije.)
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
293
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
294 Za sada je bolje ne ulaziti u tehnike kori�tenja vi�e prozora. Ono
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
295 �to trebate znati jest kako se rije�iti dodatnih prozora koji se mogu
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
296 javiti za prikaz pomo�i, ili kao izlaz nekih naredbi.
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
297 Jednostavno:
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
298
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
299 C-x 1 Jedan prozor (tj. ubij sve druge prozore)
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
300
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
301 To je Control-x pra�en znamenkom 1. C-x 1 pro�iruje prozor u kojem je
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
302 kursor, tako da on zauzme cijeli ekran. Pobri�e, tako�er, i ostale
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
303 prozore.
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
304
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
305 >> Pomaknite kursor na ovu liniju i upi�ite C-u 0 C-l.
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
306
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
307 (Sjetite se da C-l ponovno iscrtava ekran. Ako ovoj naredbi date
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
308 numeri�ki argument, on zna�i "iscrtaj ekran i smjesti trenutni red
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
309 toliko linija od vrha ekrana." Tako C-u 0 C-l zna�i "iscrtaj ekran, i
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
310 stavi trenutni red na vrh.")
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
311
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
312 >> Pritisnite Control-x 2
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
313 Uo�ite kako se ovaj prozor smanjuje, dok se novi pojavljuje
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
314 prikazuju�i sadr�aj ovog spremnika (buffera).
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
315
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
316 >> Upi�ite C-x 1 i gledajte kako novi prozor nestaje.
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
317
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
318
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
319 * UMETANJE I BRISANJE
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
320 ---------------------
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
321
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
322 �elite li umetnuti tekst, samo ga utipkajte. Znakove koje vidite, kao
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
323 �to su A, 7, *, itd. Emacs shva�a kao tekst i ume�e trenutno.
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
324 Pritisnite <Return> (znak za novi red) da umetnete znak Newline.
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
325
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
326 Zadnji znak koji ste umetnuli mo�ete izbrisati pritisnuv�i <Delete>.
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
327 <Delete> je tipka na tipkovnici koja mo�e biti ozna�ena kao "Del". U
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
328 nekim slu�ajevima, tipka "Backspace" slu�i kao <Delete>, ali ne
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
329 uvijek!
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
330
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
331 Op�enitije, <Delete> bri�e znak neposredno ispred trenutnog polo�aja
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
332 kursora.
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
333
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
334 >> U�inite sljede�e: utipkajte nekoliko znakova, zatim ih izbri�ite
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
335 stisnuv�i <Delete> nekoliko puta. Ne brinite o promjeni ove
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
336 datoteke; ne�ete izmijeniti glavnu verziju uputa. Ovo je va�a
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
337 osobna kopija.
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
338
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
339 Kad red teksta postane prevelik za jedan red na ekranu, red se
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
340 "nastavlja" na drugi ekranski red. Obrnuta kosa crta ("\") na desnom
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
341 rubu ukazuje na red koji je nastavljen.
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
342
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
343 >> Upisujte tekst dok ne do�ete do desnog ruba, i nastavite pisati.
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
344 Vidjet �ete kako se pojavljuje nastavljeni red.
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
345
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
346 >> Tipkom <Delete> bri�ite tekst dok red teksta opet ne stane na red
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
347 ekrana. Kontinuacijski red tada nestaje.
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
348
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
349 Mo�ete izbrisati znak Newline kao i bilo koji drugi znak. Brisanje
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
350 znaka Newline izme�u dva reda ih spaja u jedan red. Ako je novonastali
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
351 zajedni�ki red prevelik da stane na ekranski red, bit �e prikazan
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
352 kontinuacijskim redom.
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
353
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
354 >> Pomaknite kursor na po�etak reda i pritisnite <Delete>. Red �e se
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
355 spojiti s redom iznad.
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
356
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
357 >> Pritisnite <Return> tako da ponovno umetnete Newline koji ste
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
358 izbrisali.
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
359
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
360 Upamtite da se ve�ini Emacsovih naredbi mo�e zadati broja�
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
361 ponavljanja; ovo uklju�uje znakove teksta. Ponavljanje znaka teksta
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
362 unosi ga nekoliko puta.
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
363
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
364 >> Isku�ajte sad -- upi�ite C-u 8 * da upi�ete ********.
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
365
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
366 Sada ste nau�ili najosnovnije na�ine upisivanja u Emacs i ispravljanja
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
367 gre�aka. Sada mo�ete i brisati po rije�ima ili redovima. Evo sa�etka
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
368 operacija brisanja:
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
369
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
370 <Delete> bri�i znak neposredno pred kursorom
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
371 C-d bri�i znak nakon kursora
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
372
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
373 M-<Delete> ubij rije� prije kursora
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
374 M-d ubij rije� poslije kursora
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
375
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
376 C-k ubij od pozicije kursora do kraja reda
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
377 M-k ubij do kraja trenutne re�enice
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
378
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
379 Uo�ite da <Delete> i C-d nasuprot M-<Delete> i M-d pro�iruju paralelu
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
380 za�etu s C-f i M-f (dobro, <Delete> ba� i nije kontrolni znak, ali
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
381 nemojmo brinuti o tome). C-k i M-k su na neki na�in sli�ni C-e i M-e,
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
382 po operaciji na redovima, odnosno re�enicama.
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
383
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
384 Kad bri�ete vi�e od jednog znaka istovremeno, Emacs sprema izbrisani
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
385 tekst, tako da ga mo�ete dobiti natrag. Vra�anje ubijenog teksta zove
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
386 se "dobavljanje" (eng. yanking). Mo�ete dobaviti ubijeni tekst bilo
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
387 na isto mjesto gdje je bio ubijen, bilo na neko drugo mjesto u
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
388 tekstu. Mo�ete dobaviti tekst nekoliko puta, �ime �ete dobiti
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
389 vi�estruke kopije. Komanda za dobavljanje je C-y.
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
390
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
391 Uo�ite da je razlika izme�u "ubijanja" i "brisanja" ne�ega u tome �to
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
392 se ubijeni tekst mo�e dobaviti natrag, a izbrisani ne mo�e. Op�enito,
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
393 naredbe koje uklanjaju puno teksta spreme izbrisani tekst, dok ga
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
394 naredbe koje bri�u samo jedan znak ili samo prazne linije i razmake ne
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
395 spremaju.
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
396
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
397 >> Pomaknite kursor na po�etak reda koji nije prazan.
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
398 Zatim pritisnite C-k da ubijete tekst u tom redu.
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
399 >> Stisnite C-k drugi put. Vidjet �ete da ubija Newline koji prati
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
400 taj red.
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
401
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
402 Uo�ite da jedan C-k ubija sadr�aj reda, dok drugi C-k ubija sam red, i
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
403 mi�e sve druge redove prema gore. C-k tretira numeri�ki argument na
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
404 specijalan na�in: ubija toliko redova, i njihov sadr�aj. Ovo nije
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
405 obi�no ponavljanje. C-u 2 C-k ubija dva reda i njihove newline;
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
406 pritiskanje C-k dvaput ne bi dalo taj rezultat.
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
407
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
408 Da povratite zadnji ubijeni tekst i stavite ga gdje je kursor
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
409 trenutno, pritisnite C-y.
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
410
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
411 >> Poku�ajte; pritisnite C-y da dobavite tekst.
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
412
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
413 Gledajte na C-y kao da dobavljate natrag ne�to �to vam je netko uzeo.
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
414 Uo�ite da ako ponovite C-k nekoliko puta, sav tekst bit �e spremljen
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
415 zajedno, tako da �e ga C-y dobaviti odjednom.
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
416
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
417 >> U�inite to sad, pritisnite C-k nekoliko puta.
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
418
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
419 Sad, da bi vratili ubijeni tekst:
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
420
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
421 >> Stisnite C-y. Tad spustite kursor nekoliko linija ni�e i opet
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
422 stisnite C-y. Sada vidite kako se kopira tekst.
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
423
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
424 �to napraviti ako imate tekst koji �elite dobaviti, ali onda ubijete
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
425 ne�to drugo? C-y bi dobavio zadnji tekst. Ali prethodni tekst nije
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
426 izgubljen. Mo�ete ga povratiti koriste�i naredbu M-y. Nakon �to
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
427 pritisnete C-y i dobijete zadnje ubijeni tekst, pritiskanje M-y ga
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
428 zamjenjuje s prethodno ubijenim tekstom. Uzastopno pozivanje M-y
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
429 dobavlja sve ranije i ranije tekstove. Kad do�ete do teksta koji ste
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
430 tra�ili, ne morate u�initi ni�ta posebno da ga zadr�ite. Samo
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
431 nastavite s editiranjem, ostaviv�i dobavljeni tekst gdje jest.
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
432
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
433 Ako pritisnete M-y dovoljno puta, vratit �ete se na polaznu to�ku
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
434 (zadnji ubijeni tekst).
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
435
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
436 >> Ubijte jedan red, pomi�ite se po tekstu, ubijte drugi red.
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
437 Zatim pritisnite C-y da biste dobili natrag drugi ubijeni red.
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
438 Zatim napravite M-y pa �e taj tekst biti zamijenjen prvim ubijenim
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
439 redom. Napravite jo� par puta M-y i pogledajte �to dobivate.
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
440 Nastavite s M-y dok ne vratite drugi ubijeni red, a zatim M-y
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
441 pritisnite jo� par puta. Ako �elite, mo�ete poku�ati proslijediti
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
442 naredbi M-y pozitivne i negativne argumente.
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
443
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
444
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
445 * PONI�TENJE
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
446 ------------
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
447
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
448 Ako napravite izmjenu u tekstu, pa se zatim predomislite, mo�ete
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
449 poni�titi (eng. "undo") promjenu naredbom undo, C-x u.
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
450
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
451 Obi�no, C-x u poni�tava promjene koje su rezultat jedne naredbe; ako
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
452 ponovite C-x u nekoliko puta uzastopce, svako novo ponavljanje
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
453 poni�tava u�inak jo� jedne naredbe.
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
454
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
455 Ali, postoje dva izuzetka: naredbe koje ne mijenjaju tekst se ne
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
456 ra�unaju (ovo uklju�uje naredbe koje mi�u kursor i pomi�u tekst), a
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
457 samo-ume�u�i znakovi se obi�no grupiraju u skupine od po 20 (da se
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
458 umanji broj C-x u koje morate stisnuti da biste poni�tili unos
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
459 teksta).
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
460
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
461 >> Ubijte ovu liniju s C-k, zatim utipkajte C-x u i trebala bi se
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
462 ponovno pojaviti.
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
463
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
464 C-_ je alternativna naredba za poni�tenje; ona radi isto kao C-x u,
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
465 ali ju je lak�e utipkati nekoliko puta za redom. Mana C-_ je da na
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
466 nekim tipkovnicama nije o�igledno kako je utipkati. Zato ostavljamo i
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
467 C-x u. Na nekim terminalima mo�ete dobiti C-_ kombinacijom CTRL i /.
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
468
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
469 Numeri�ki argument naredbi C-_ ili C-x u slu�i kao broja� ponavljanja.
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
470
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
471
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
472 * DATOTEKE
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
473 ----------
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
474
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
475 Da biste za stalno spremili izmjene na tekstu koji editirate, morate ga
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
476 spremiti u datoteku. Ako to ne u�inite, tekst �e nestati kada iza�ete
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
477 iz Emacsa. Svoje izmjene stavljate u datoteku tako �to je prvo
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
478 "na�ete" (ovo se jo� naziva i "posjeta" datoteci).
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
479
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
480 Nala�enje datoteke zna�i da vidite sadr�aj datoteke unutar Emacsa. U
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
481 neku ruku, ovo je kao da editirate samu datoteku. Me�utim, izmjene
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
482 koje napravite koriste�i Emacs ne postaju trajne dok niste "snimili"
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
483 datoteku. Tako mo�ete izbje�i ostavljanje poluzavr�ene datoteke u
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
484 sustavu, ako to ne �elite. �ak i kad snimate, Emacs ostavlja izvornu
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
485 datoteku pod promijenjenim imenom, za slu�aj da se kasnije
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
486 predomislite.
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
487
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
488 Ako pogledate pri dnu ekrana, vidjet �ete red koji po�inje i zavr�ava
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
489 s crticama, i sadr�i niz "XEmacs: TUTORIAL.hr". Ovaj dio ekrana
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
490 uvijek pokazuje naziv datoteke koju posje�ujete. U ovom trenutku vi
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
491 posje�ujete datoteku koja se zove "TUTORIAL", a koja je va�a osobna
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
492 kopija Emacsovih uputa. Koju god datoteku na�li, njen �e se naziv
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
493 pojaviti na tom istom mjestu.
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
494
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
495 Naredbe za pronala�enje i spremanje datoteka se razlikuju od drugih
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
496 naredbi koje ste dosad upoznali, po tome �to se sastoje od dva znaka.
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
497 Obje po�inju znakom Control-x; mnoge od njih rade s datotekama,
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
498 spremnicima i povezanim stvarima. Ove naredbe su duga�ke dva, tri ili
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
499 �etiri znaka.
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
500
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
501 Jo� jedna stvar u vezi naredbe za nala�enje datoteke je da morate re�i
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
502 koju datoteku �elite. Ka�emo da naredba "�ita argument s terminala"
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
503 (u ovom slu�aju, argument je naziv datoteke). Kad utipkate naredbu
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
504
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
505 C-x C-f Na�i datoteku
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
506
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
507 Emacs tra�i od vas da upi�ete naziv datoteke. Naziv datoteke koji
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
508 upi�ete pojavljuje se u donjem redu ekrana. Taj donji red naziva se
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
509 minispremnik (minibuffer) kad se koristi za tu vrstu unosa. Mo�ete
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
510 koristiti uobi�ajene Emacsove naredbe da editirate naziv datoteke.
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
511
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
512 Dok unosite naziv datoteke (ili za bilo kojeg unosa iz minispremnika),
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
513 mo�ete otkazati naredbu pomo�u C-g.
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
514
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
515 >> Upi�ite C-x C-f, potom C-g. Ovo otkazuje minispremnik, a tako�er
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
516 otkazuje i naredbu C-x C-f koja je koristila minispremnik. Tako
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
517 nijedna datoteka ne�e biti prona�ena.
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
518
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
519 Kad zavr�ite s upisom imena datoteke, stisnite <Return> za kraj. Tad
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
520 �e naredba C-x C-f otpo�eti svoj posao, i na�i datoteku koju ste
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
521 izabrali. Minispremnik nestaje kad naredba C-x C-f zavr�i.
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
522
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
523 Ubrzo �e se sadr�aj datoteke pojaviti na ekranu, i mo�i �ete editirati
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
524 sadr�aj. Kad po�elite trajno sa�uvati svoje izmjene, upi�ite naredbu
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
525
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
526 C-x C-s Spremi datoteku
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
527
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
528 Ovo kopira tekst unutar Emacsa u datoteku na disku. Prvi put kad ovo
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
529 u�inite, Emacs �e preimenovati izvornu datoteku u novo ime, tako da je
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
530 ne izgubite. Novo se ime tvori dodavanjem znaka ~ na izvorno ime
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
531 datoteke.
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
532
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
533 Kad snimanje zavr�i, Emacs ispi�e ime snimljene datoteke. Trebali
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
534 biste snimati relativno �esto, tako da ne izgubite puno ako sustav
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
535 padne.
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
536
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
537 >> Upisav�i C-x C-s, spremite svoju kopiju uputa.
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
538 Na dnu ekrana bi trebalo pisati "Wrote ...TUTORIAL.hr".
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
539
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
540 Primjedba: Na nekim sustavima, tipkanje C-x C-s �e zamrznuti ekran, i
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
541 ne�ete vi�e vidjeti Emacsov output. To zna�i da "prednost"
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
542 operativnog sustava zvana "kontrola toka" (eng. flow control) presre�e
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
543 C-s i ne da mu da do�e do Emacsa. Odmrznite sustav tipkom C-q. Tada
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
544 pogledajte odjeljak "Spontaneous Entry to Incremental Search"
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
545 Emacsovog manuala za savjet kako se nositi s ovom "predno��u".
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
546
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
547 Mo�ete na�i postoje�u datoteku, da je pogledate ili editirate. Mo�ete
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
548 tako�er na�i i datoteku koja jo� ne postoji. Tako se stvaraju nove
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
549 datoteke Emacsom: na�ite datoteku, koja �e ispo�etka biti prazna, i
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
550 po�nite unositi tekst u datoteku. Kad zatra�ite "snimanje" datoteke,
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
551 Emacs �e zaista stvoriti datoteku s tekstom koji ste unijeli. Od tad
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
552 pa nadalje, mo�ete smatrati da editirate ve� postoje�u datoteku.
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
553
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
554
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
555 * SPREMNICI
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
556 -----------
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
557
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
558 Ako na�ete jo� jednu datoteku s C-x C-f, ona prva ostaje unutar
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
559 Emacsa. Mo�ete se vratiti natrag na nju nalaze�i je opet s C-x C-f.
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
560 Ovako mo�ete otvoriti prili�an broj datoteka unutar Emacsa.
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
561
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
562 >> Stvorite datoteku imena "foo" tipkaju�i C-x C-f foo <Return>.
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
563 Tad unesite neki tekst, editirajte ga, i snimite "foo" utipkav�i
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
564 C-x C-s.
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
565 Kona�no, upi�ite C-x C-f TUTORIAL.hr <Return> da se vratite na
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
566 upute.
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
567
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
568 Emacs pohranjuje tekst svake datoteke u objektu zvanom "spremnik"
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
569 (eng. buffer). Nala�enje datoteke otvara novi spremnik unutar
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
570 Emacsa. Popis spremnika koji se nalaze u trenutnom pozivu Emacsa
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
571 mo�ete dobiti sa
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
572
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
573 C-x C-b Izlistaj spremnike
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
574
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
575 >> Sada isku�ajte C-x C-b.
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
576
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
577 Uo�ite kako svaki spremnik ima naziv, a mo�e imati i ime datoteke koje
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
578 se odnosi na datoteku �iji sadr�aj je u njemu. Neki spremnici ne
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
579 odgovaraju ni jednoj datoteci. Na primjer, spremnik "*Buffer List*" nema
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
580 ni jednu datoteku. To je spremnik koji sadr�i spisak spremnika koji
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
581 je stvorila naredba C-x C-b. BILO KOJI tekst koji vidite u nekom
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
582 Emacsovom prozoru uvijek je dio nekog spremnika.
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
583
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
584 >> Pritisnite C-x 1 da se rije�ite spiska spremnika.
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
585
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
586 Ako promijenite tekst jedne datoteke, zatim na�ete drugu datoteku, ova
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
587 prva ne�e biti snimljena. Njene promjene ostaju unutar Emacsa, u
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
588 spremniku te datoteke. Ovo je korisno, ali to i zna�i da je potreban
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
589 pogodan na�in snimanja datoteke prvog spremnika. Bilo bi nespretno
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
590 prebacivati se natrag u spremnik s C-x C-f samo zato da ga se snimi s
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
591 C-x C-s. Zato imamo
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
592
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
593 C-x s Snimi neke spremnike.
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
594
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
595 C-x s vas pita za svaki spremnik koji sadr�i izmjene koje niste
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
596 snimili. Za svaki takav spremnik pita vas da li ga �elite snimiti.
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
597
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
598 >> Upi�ite red teksta, potom upi�ite C-x s.
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
599 Pitat �e vas �elite li snimiti spremnik s nazivom TUTORIAL.hr.
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
600 Odgovorite potvrdno na pitanje, tipkaju�i "y".
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
601
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
602
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
603 * UPORABA IZBORNIKA
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
604 -------------------
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
605
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
606 Ako ste na X terminalu, uo�it �ete izbornik na vrhu Emacsovog prozora.
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
607 Mo�ete koristiti izbornik za pristup svim uobi�ajenim Emacsovim
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
608 naredbama, kao �to su "find file". Ovo �e vam u po�etku biti lak�e,
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
609 jer ne�ete morati pamtiti tipke za neku naredbu. Jednom kad vam rad u
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
610 Emacsu postane ugodan, lako �ete po�eti koristiti naredbe s
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
611 tipkovnice, jer svaka stavka izbornika sadr�i i odgovaraju�u tipku za
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
612 pokretanje naredbe.
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
613
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
614 Uo�ite da postoji puno stavki koje nemaju ekvivalent na tipkovnici.
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
615 Na primjer, izbornik "Buffers" prikazuje sve raspolo�ive spremnike
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
616 redosljedom posljednje uporabe. Mo�ete se prebaciti na bilo koji
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
617 spremnik tako da jednostavno izaberete njegov naziv u izborniku
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
618 "Buffers".
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
619
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
620
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
621 * UPORABA MI�A
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
622 --------------
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
623
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
624 Kad radite pod X-ima, Emacs je u potpunosti integriran s mi�em.
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
625 Mo�ete pozicionirati tekstualni kursor pritisnuv�i lijevu tipku mi�a
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
626 na �eljenom mjestu, mo�ete izabrati tekst povla�e�i lijevu tipku mi�a
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
627 po �eljenom tekstu. (Ili, na drugi na�in, pritisnuti lijevu tipku
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
628 mi�a s jedne strane, zatim se pomaknuti na drugu stranu, i koristiti
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
629 Shift i tipku mi�a za izbor teksta.)
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
630
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
631 Ako �elite ubiti izabrani tekst, mo�ete pritisnuti C-w, ili izabrati
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
632 Cut u izborniku Edit. Uo�ite da ovo dvoje *nije* isto: C-w samo
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
633 sprema tekst unutar Emacsa (sli�no C-k, kako je opisano gore), dok Cut
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
634 radi ovo, i jo� sprema tekst u X clipboard, gdje do njega mogu
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
635 pristupiti ostale aplikacije.
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
636
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
637 Tekst s X clipboarda mo�ete dobiti koriste�i stavku Paste izbornika
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
638 Edit.
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
639
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
640 Srednja tipka mi�a se obi�no koristi za izbor stvari koje su vidljive
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
641 na ekranu. Na primjer, ako u�ete u Info (Emacsovu on-line
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
642 dokumentaciju) koriste�i C-h i ili izbornik Help, mo�ete pratiti
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
643 osvijetljeni link pritisnuv�i srednju tipku mi�a na njemu. Sli�no,
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
644 ako tipkate naziv datoteke (npr. na "Find File" promptu) i pritisnete
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
645 TAB da vidite mogu�nosti, mo�ete stisnuti srednju tipku mi�a na neku
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
646 od mogu�nosti, da je izaberete.
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
647
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
648 Desna tipka mi�a poziva "sko�ni" izbornik. Sadr�aj ovog izbornika
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
649 ovisi o modu u kojem se trenutno nalazite, i obi�no sadr�i nekoliko
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
650 �esto kori�tenih naredbi, tako da se do njih lak�e do�e.
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
651
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
652 >> Sada pritisnite desnu tipku mi�a.
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
653
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
654 Morat �ete dr�ati tipku da zadr�ite izbornik.
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
655
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
656
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
657 * PRO�IRENJE SKUPA NAREDBI
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
658 --------------------------
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
659
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
660 Emacsovih naredbi ima puno puno vi�e nego �to bi ikad moglo stati na
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
661 sve kontrolne i meta znakove. Emacs ovo zaobilazi pro�irenim
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
662 (eXtended) naredbama. One dolaze u dva oblika:
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
663
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
664 C-x Pro�iri znak. Pra�ena jednim znakom.
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
665 M-x Pro�irena naredba s imenom. Pra�ena dugim imenom.
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
666
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
667 Postoje naredbe koje jesu korisne, ali ih se rabi manje nego naredbe o
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
668 kojima smo dosad govorili. Ve� ste vidjeli dvije: naredbe s
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
669 datotekama C-x C-f za nala�enje i C-x C-s za snimanje. Jo� jedan
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
670 primjer je naredba kojom se izlazi iz Emacsa -- to je naredba C-x
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
671 C-c. (ne brinite o gubljenju izmjena koje ste napravili; C-x C-c vam
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
672 nudi da snimite svaku izmijenjenu datoteku prije no �to iza�e iz
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
673 Emacsa).
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
674
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
675 Naredbom C-z *privremeno* izlazite iz Emacsa -- tako da se mo�ete
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
676 nakon nekog vremena opet vratiti u Emacs.
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
677
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
678 Na sustavima koji to dozvoljavaju, C-z "suspendira" Emacs; to jest,
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
679 vra�a se u ljusku, ali ne uni�tava Emacs. U ve�ini ljuski, mo�ete
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
680 nastaviti rad Emacsa naredbom `fg', ili s `%emacs'.
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
681
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
682 Na sustavima koji ne podr�avaju suspendiranje, C-z stvara podljusku
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
683 koja radi pod Emacsom, tako da mo�ete pokrenuti druge programe i
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
684 naknadno se vratiti u Emacs; ona ne�e zaista "iza�i" iz Emacsa. U
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
685 ovom slu�aju, ljuskina naredba `exit' je uobi�ajen na�in povratka iz
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
686 podljuske u Emacs.
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
687
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
688 Vrijeme za C-x C-c je onda kad se kanite odlogirati. Tako�er, to je
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
689 ispravna stvar kad je Emacs pozvan iz �ita�a po�te, ili nekog drugog
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
690 programa, jer se oni ne moraju znati nositi sa suspendiranjem Emacsa.
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
691 U normalnim okolnostima, me�utim, ako se ne kanite odlogirati, bolje
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
692 je suspendirati Emacs s C-z nego iza�i iz njega.
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
693
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
694 Postoji puno C-x naredbi. Evo spiska onih koje ste nau�ili:
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
695
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
696 C-x C-f Na�i datoteku.
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
697 C-x C-s Snimi datoteku.
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
698 C-x C-b Popis spremnika.
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
699 C-x C-c Iza�i iz Emacsa.
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
700 C-x u Poni�ti zadnju naredbu.
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
701
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
702 Imenovane pro�irene naredbe su naredbe koje se jo� rje�e koriste, ili
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
703 se koriste samo unutar stanovitih modova. Primjer je naredba
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
704 replace-string, koja globalno zamjenjuje jedan niz drugim. Kad
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
705 napi�ete M-x, Emacs �e vam dati prompt na dnu ekrana, a vi trebate
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
706 samo napisati naziv naredbe. U ovom slu�aju, "replace-string". Samo
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
707 napi�ite "repl s<TAB>", i Emacs �e dovr�iti ime. Zavr�ite naziv
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
708 naredbe s <Return>.
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
709
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
710 Naredba replace-string tra�i dva argumenta -- niz koji se zamjenjuje,
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
711 i niz kojim �e se zamijeniti. Zavr�ite svaki argument s <Return>.
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
712
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
713 >> Pomaknite kursor na prazan red dva reda ispod ovoga. Zatim
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
714 napi�ite M-x repl s <Return>promijenio<Return>izmijenio<Return>.
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
715
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
716 Primijetite kako se ovaj red promijenio: zamijenili ste rije�
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
717 p-r-o-m-i-j-e-n-i-o s "izmijenio" gdje god se ova pojavila, nakon
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
718 po�etnog polo�aja kursora.
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
719
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
720
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
721 * AUTOMATSKO SNIMANJE
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
722 ---------------------
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
723
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
724 Kada ste promijenili datoteku, ali je jo� niste snimili, va�e bi
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
725 izmjene mogle biti izgubljene ako ra�unalo padne. Da vas za�titi od
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
726 ovoga, Emacs povremeno ispisuje "auto save" (automatsko snimanje)
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
727 datoteku za svaku datoteku koju editirate. Auto-save datoteka ima #
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
728 na po�etku i na kraju imena; na primjer, ako se va�a datoteka zove
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
729 "hello.c", njezina �e se auto-save datoteka zvati "#hello.c#". Kad
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
730 snimite datoteku na normalan na�in, Emacs �e izbrisati njezinu
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
731 auto-save datoteku.
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
732
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
733 Ako ra�unalo padne, mo�ete obnoviti svoje automatski spremljene
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
734 promjene tako �to normalno na�ete datoteku, i napi�ete
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
735 M-x recover file <Return>. Kad vas pita za potvrdu, upi�ite
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
736 yes<return> za nastavak i vratite automatski snimljene podatke.
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
737
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
738
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
739 * PROSTOR ZA PORUKE
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
740 -------------------
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
741
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
742 Ako Emacs vidi da pi�ete naredbe polako, pokazat �e vam ih na dnu
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
743 ekrana na mjestu koje se zove "prostor za poruke" (eng. echo area).
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
744 Prostor za poruke je na najni�em redu ekrana.
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
745
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
746
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
747 * STATUSNI RED
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
748 --------------
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
749
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
750 Red odmah iznad prostora za poruke se zove "statusni red"
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
751 (eng. modeline). Statusni red izgleda otprilike ovako:
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
752
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
753 --**-XEmacs: TUTORIAL.hr (Fundamental)--L670--58%----------------
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
754
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
755 Ovaj red pru�a korisne informacije o statusu Emacsa i tekstu koji
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
756 editirate.
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
757
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
758 Ve� znate �to je ime datoteke -- to je datoteka koju ste na�li.
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
759 -NN%-- predstavlja va� trenutni polo�aj u tekstu; to zna�i da je NN
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
760 postotaka teksta iznad vrha ekrana. Ako je vrh teksta na ekranu,
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
761 pisat �e --Top-- umjesto --00%--. Ako je kraj teksta na ekranu, pisat
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
762 �e --Bot--. Ako gledate u tako kratak tekst da sav stane na ekran, u
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
763 statusnoj liniji �e pisati --All--.
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
764
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
765 Zvjezdice na po�etku zna�e da ste napravili izmjene na tekstu.
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
766 Neposredno po posjeti ili snimanju datoteke, taj dio statusne linije
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
767 nema zvjezdica, ve� samo crtice.
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
768
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
769 Dio statusne linije u zagradama govori u kojem se modu editiranja
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
770 nalazite. Podrazumijeva se Fundamentalni mod, koji trenutno koristite.
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
771 On je primjer "glavnog moda".
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
772
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
773 Emacs ima puno razli�itih glavnih modova. Neki od njih su predvi�eni
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
774 za editiranje razli�itih jezika i/ili vrsta teksta, kao �to je Lisp
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
775 mod, tekst mod, itd. U bilo kojem trenutku jedan i samo jedan glavni
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
776 mod je aktivan, i njegovo se ime nalazi na statusnom redu, gdje sada
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
777 stoji "Fundamental".
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
778
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
779 Svaki glavni mod �ini da se nekoliko naredbi pona�a razli�ito. Na
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
780 primjer, postoje naredbe za stvaranje komentara u programu, a budu�i
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
781 da svaki programski jezik ima druga�iju predod�bu o tome kako komentar
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
782 izgleda, svaki glavni mod razli�ito unosi komentare. Svaki glavni mod
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
783 je ime jedne pro�irene naredbe, �to je i na�in kako se mo�ete
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
784 prebaciti u taj mod. Na primjer, M-x fundamental-mode je naredba koja
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
785 vas prebacuje u Fundamental mod.
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
786
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
787 Ako editirate tekst na hrvatskom, kao �to je ova datoteka, vjerojatno
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
788 biste trebali koristiti tekstualni mod.
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
789 >> Napi�ite M-x text-mode<Return>.
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
790
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
791 Ne brinite, nijedna od naredbi koje ste nau�ili ne�e promijeniti Emacs
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
792 na zna�ajan na�in. Ali mo�ete uo�iti da M-f i M-b sad tretiraju
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
793 apostrofe kao dio rije�i. U fundamentalnom modu M-f i M-b su
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
794 tretirali apostrofe kao separatore rije�i.
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
795
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
796 Glavni modovi obi�no rade suptilne izmjene poput navedene: ve�ina
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
797 naredbi rade "isti posao" u svakom glavnom modu, ali funkcioniraju s
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
798 malom razlikom.
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
799
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
800 Da biste vidjeli dokumentaciju trenutnog glavnog moda, pritisnite
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
801 C-h m.
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
802
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
803 >> Pritisnite jo� jednom C-u C-v da dovedete ovu liniju do vrha ekrana.
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
804 >> Utipkajte C-h m, da vidite kako se tekstualni mod razlikuje od
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
805 fundamentalnog moda.
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
806 >> Pritisnite q da uklonite dokumentaciju s ekrana.
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
807
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
808 Glavni modovi se nazivaju glavnima, jer postoje jo� i sporedni
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
809 modovi. Sporedni su modovi nisu zamjena za glavne modove, ve� njihova
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
810 usputna modifikacija. Svaki sporedni mod mo�e biti uklju�en ili
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
811 isklju�en za sebe, neovisno o ostalim sporednim modovima, i neovisno o
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
812 glavnom modu. Tako mo�ete ne biti niti u jednom sporednom modu, ili u
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
813 jednom sporednom modu, ili u kombinaciji nekoliko sporednih modova.
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
814
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
815 Jedan vrlo koristan sporedni mod, naro�ito za editiranje hrvatskog
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
816 teksta, jest mod za automatsko popunjavanje (Auto Fill mode). Kad je
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
817 ovaj mod uklju�en, Emacs automatski lomi linije izme�u rije�i kad god
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
818 umetanjem teksta stvorite red koji je pre�irok.
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
819
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
820 Mo�ete uklju�iti Auto Fill mod pisanjem M-x auto-fill-mode<Return>.
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
821 Kad je mod uklju�en, isklju�ujete ga s M-x auto-fill-mode<Return>.
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
822 Kad je mod isklju�en, ova ga naredba uklju�uje, kad je uklju�en, ona
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
823 ga isklju�uje.
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
824
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
825 >> Napi�ite M-x auto-fill-mode<Return> sad. Potom ume�ite tekst "asdf "
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
826 dok god se red ne razdvoji na dva dijela. Morate stavljati razmake
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
827 izme�u, jer Auto Fill lomi redove samo na razmacima.
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
828
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
829 Rub je obi�no postavljen na 70 znakova, ali ga mo�ete promijeniti
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
830 naredbom C-x f. Rub koji �elite postaviti pode�avate numeri�kim
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
831 argumentom.
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
832
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
833 >> Utipkajte C-x f s argumentom 20. (C-u 2 0 C-x f).
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
834 Potom upi�ite neki tekst, i gledajte kako Emacs lomi redove dulje
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
835 od 20 znakova. Tad postavite rub natrag na 70 ponovno
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
836 upotrijebiv�i C-x f.
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
837
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
838 Ako napravite promjene u sredini paragrafa, Auto Fill mod ga ne�e
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
839 cijelog reformatirati.
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
840 Za preoblikovanje paragrafa, utipkajte M-q (Meta-q) s kursorom unutar
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
841 paragrafa.
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
842
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
843 >> Pomaknite kursor na prethodni paragraf, i stisnite M-q.
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
844
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
845
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
846 * TRA�ENJE
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
847 ----------
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
848
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
849 Emacs mo�e tra�iti nizove (grupe uzastopnih znakova ili rije�i) bilo
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
850 prema naprijed ili prema natrag kroz tekst. Tra�enje niza je naredba
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
851 kojom se pomi�e kursor; ona �e pomaknuti kursor do sljede�eg mjesta na
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
852 kom se niz pojavljuje.
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
853
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
854 Emacsova naredba za tra�enje se razlikuje od sli�nih naredbi ve�ine
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
855 editora po tome �to je "postupna" (eng. incremental). To zna�i da se
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
856 pretra�ivanje odvija dok upisujete niz koji tra�ite.
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
857
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
858 Naredba kojom po�injete naredbu je C-s za tra�enje prema naprijed, i
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
859 C-r za tra�enje unatrag. ALI �EKAJTE! Nemojte ih odmah isprobati.
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
860
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
861 Kad utipkate C-s, primijetit �ete da se tekst "I-search" pojavljuje
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
862 kao prompt u prostoru za poruke. Ovo vam ka�e da je Emacs u stanju
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
863 postupnog tra�enja, i da �eka da upi�ete �to �elite tra�iti.
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
864 <Return> zaustavlja tra�enje.
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
865
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
866 >> Sad stisnite C-s da zapo�nete pretra�ivanje. POLAKO, znak po znak,
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
867 utipkajte rije� `kursor', rade�i stanku izme�u znakova da uo�ite
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
868 �to se doga�a s kursorom.
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
869 Sad ste na�li "kursor", jednom.
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
870 >> Stisnite C-s opet, da na�ete sljede�e pojavljivanje "kursora".
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
871 >> Sad stisnite <Delete> �etiri puta, i gledajte kako se kursor
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
872 pomi�e.
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
873 >> Stisnite <RET> da prekinete tra�enje.
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
874
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
875 Jeste li vidjeli �to se dogodilo? Za vrijeme inkrementalnog tra�enja,
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
876 Emacs poku�ava oti�i na mjesto gdje se pojavljuje niz kojeg ste do sad
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
877 utipkali, osvjetljavaju�i ga zbog preglednosti. Za odlazak na
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
878 sljede�e mjesto gdje se "kursor" pojavljuje, samo opet stisnite C-s.
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
879 Ako ni jedno takvo mjesto ne postoji, Emacs �e se oglasiti zvu�nim
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
880 signalom i re�i vam da pretraga niju uspjela ("failing"). Pretragu
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
881 mo�ete prekinuti i pomo�u C-g.
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
882
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
883
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
884 PRIMJEDBA: Na nekim sustavima, tipkanje C-s �e smrznuti sustav i vi�e
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
885 ne�ete vidjeti daljnji Emacsov output. To pokazuje da "prednost"
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
886 operativnog sustava zvana "kontrola toka" (eng. flow control) presre�e
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
887 C-s i ne da mu da do�e do Emacsa. Pritisak na C-q �e odmrznuti ekran.
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
888 Tad pogledajte odjeljak "Spontaneous Entry to Incremental Search"
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
889 Emacsovog manuala za savjet kako se nositi s ovom "predno��u".
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
890
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
891 Ako za vrijeme postupnog tra�enja pritisnete <Delete>, uo�it �ete
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
892 da je zadnji znak niza izbrisan i da se pretraga vratila na zadnje
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
893 mjesto. Na primjer, pretpostavimo da ste stisnuli "k" ne bi li na�li
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
894 prvo pojavljivanje "k". Ako sad stisnete "u", kursor �e se pomaknuti
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
895 na mjesto prvog pojavljivanja "ku". Sad stisnite <Delete>. Ovo �e
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
896 ukloniti "u" iz tra�enog niza, i pomaknuti kursor natrag na prvu
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
897 pojavu "k".
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
898
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
899 Ako ste usred tra�enja i stisnete kontrolni ili meta znak (s nekoliko
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
900 iznimki -- znakova koji imaju posebno zna�enje pri tra�enju, kao �to
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
901 su C-s i C-r), tra�enje se zaustavlja.
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
902
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
903 C-s zapo�inje pretragu koja tra�i bilo koju pojavu tra�enog niza NAKON
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
904 trenutnog polo�aja kursora. Ako �elite tra�iti ne�to �to se
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
905 pojavljuje ranije u tekstu, stisnite C-r. Sve �to smo rekli za C-s
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
906 vrijedi i za C-r, jedino �to je smjer pretrage suprotan.
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
907
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
908
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
909 * VI�ESTRUKI PROZORI
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
910 --------------------
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
911
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
912 Jedna od lijepih stvari u Emacsu je �to mo�ete prikazati vi�e prozora
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
913 na ekranu istovremeno.
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
914
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
915 >> Dovedite kursor do ovog reda i stisnite C-u 0 C-l.
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
916
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
917 >> Sad stisnite C-x 2, �to razdvaja ekran na dva prozora.
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
918 Oba prozora prikazuju ove upute. Kursor ostaje u gornjem prozoru.
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
919
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
920 >> Stisnite C-M-v da pomaknete donji prozor.
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
921 (Ako nemate pravu tipku Meta, stisnite ESC C-v.)
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
922
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
923 >> Stisnite C-x o ("o" kao eng. "other", drugi) da pomaknete kursor u
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
924 donji prozor.
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
925 >> U donjem se prozoru pomi�ite s C-v i M-v.
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
926 Nastavite �itati ove upute u gornjem prozoru.
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
927
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
928 >> Opet stisnite C-x o da pomaknete kursor natrag u gornji prozor.
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
929 Kursor u gornjem prozoru je upravo gdje je prije bio.
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
930
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
931 Mo�ete stalno koristiti C-x o za pomicanje me�u prozorima. Svaki
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
932 prozor ima vlastiti polo�aj kursora, ali samo jedan prozor zapravo
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
933 prikazuje kursor. Sve uobi�ajene naredbe za editiranja djeluju na
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
934 prozoru u kojem je kursor. Taj prozor nazivamo "izabrani prozor"
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
935 (eng. selected window).
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
936
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
937 Naredba C-M-v korisna je kad editirate tekst u jednom prozoru, a drugi
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
938 koristite za referencu. Tada mo�ete dr�ati kursor uvijek u prozoru
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
939 gdje editirate, a napredovati kroz onaj drugi s C-M-v.
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
940
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
941 C-M-v je primjer CONTROL-META znaka. Ako imate pravu tipku META,
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
942 mo�ete dobiti C-M-v dr�e�i zajedno i CTRL i META, dok tipkate v. Nema
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
943 veze da li je CTRL ili META "prvi", jer obje ove tipke rade
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
944 mijenjaju�i znakove koji pi�ete.
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
945
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
946 Ako nemate pravu META tipku, a umjesto nje koristite ESC, tad je
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
947 poredak va�an: morate stisnuti ESC pra�en s CTRL-v; CTRL-ESC v ne�e
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
948 raditi. Razlog za ovo je �to je ESC tipka za sebe, a ne modifikator.
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
949
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
950 >> Pritisnite C-x 1 (u gornjem prozoru) da se rije�ite donjeg
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
951 prozora.
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
952
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
953 (Da ste stisnuli C-x 1 u donjem prozoru, rije�ili biste se gornjeg.
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
954 Ovu naredbu mo�ete shvatiti kao "Ostavi samo jedan prozor -- onaj u
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
955 kojem ve� jesam.")
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
956
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
957 Ne morate prikazivati isti spremnik u oba prozora. Ako pritisnete C-x
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
958 C-f da na�ete datoteku u jednom prozoru, drugi se prozor ne mijenja.
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
959 Mo�ete na�i datoteku u svakom prozoru neovisno o drugima.
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
960
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
961 Evo jo� jednog na�ina da upotrijebite dva prozora za prikaz dvije
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
962 razli�ite stvari:
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
963
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
964 >> Utipkajte C-x 4 C-f, a zatim ime neke od va�ih datoteka.
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
965 Zavr�ite s <Return>. Uo�ite da se navedena datoteka pojavila u
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
966 donjem prozoru, a tako�er i kursor.
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
967
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
968 >> Pritisnite C-x o za povrat u gornji prozor, i C-x 1 da uklonite
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
969 donji.
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
970
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
971
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
972 * REKURZIVNE RAZINE EDITIRANJA
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
973 ------------------------------
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
974
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
975 Ponekad �ete po�eljeti u�i u ono �to se zove "rekurzivna razina
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
976 editiranja" (eng. recursive editing level). Ovo je nazna�eno uglatim
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
977 zagradama u statusnom redu, koje okru�uju okrugle zagrade oko naziva
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
978 moda. Na primjer, vidjeli biste [(Fundamental)] umjesto
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
979 (Fundamental).
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
980
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
981 Za izlazak iz rekurzivnog editiranja, pritisnite ESC ESC ESC. To je
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
982 vi�enamjenska naredba za "izlazak". Mo�ete je koristiti i za
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
983 uklanjanje dodatnih prozora, kao i za izlazak iz minispremnika.
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
984
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
985 >> Stisnite M-x za ulazak u minispremnik; potom utipkajte ESC ESC ESC
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
986 za izlaz.
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
987
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
988 Iz rekurzivne razine editiranja ne mo�ete iza�i s C-g. To je zato �to
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
989 se C-g koristi za otkazivanje naredbi i argumenata UNUTAR te razine
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
990 editiranja.
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
991
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
992
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
993 * DODATNA POMO�
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
994 ---------------
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
995
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
996 U ovim smo uputama poku�ali dati upravo toliko informacija da mo�ete
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
997 po�eti koristiti Emacs. Toliko je toga prisutno u Emacsu da bi bilo
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
998 nemogu�e sve to ovdje objasniti. Me�utim, mo�da po�elite nau�iti vi�e
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
999 o Emacsu, jer on ima jo� puno korisnih prednosti. Emacs ima naredbe
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
1000 za �itanje dokumentacije o Emacsovim naredbama. Ove naredbe "pomo�i"
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
1001 sve po�inju sa znakom Control-h, koji se zove "znak za pomo�"
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
1002 (eng. the Help character).
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
1003
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
1004 Za kori�tenje naredbi pomo�i, stisnite znak C-h, pra�en znakom koji
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
1005 ka�e koju vrstu pomo�i �elite. Ako ste ZAISTA izgubljeni, stisnite
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
1006 C-h ? i Emacs �e vam re�i koje vrste pomo�i mo�e dati. Ako stisnete
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
1007 C-h, ali se predomislite, samo pritisnite C-g za otkaz pomo�i.
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
1008
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
1009 (Na nekim je sistemima promijenjeno zna�enje C-h. Ovo se zaista ne bi
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
1010 smjelo raditi, pa se po�alite sistemskom administratoru. U me�uvremenu,
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
1011 ako C-h ne prikazuje poruku o pomo�i na dnu ekrana, poku�ajte upisati
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
1012 M-x help RET umjesto toga.)
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
1013
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
1014 Osnovna naredba pomo�i je C-h c. Napi�ite C-h, potom c, i znak ili
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
1015 niz znakova, i Emacs �e pokazati vrlo kratak opis naredbe.
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
1016
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
1017 >> Stisnite C-h c Control-p.
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
1018 Poruka bi trebala biti poput:
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
1019
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
1020 C-p runs the command previous-line
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
1021
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
1022 (C-p pokre�e naredbu previous-line)
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
1023
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
1024 Ovo vam ka�e "ime funkcije". Imena funkcija se koriste uglavnom za
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
1025 mijenjanje i pro�irivanje Emacsa. Ali budu�i da se imena funkcija
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
1026 biraju tako da pokazuju �to naredba radi, ona mogu poslu�iti i kao
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
1027 vrlo kratka dokumentacija -- dovoljna da vas podsjeti na naredbu koju
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
1028 ve� znate.
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
1029
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
1030 Vi�e-znakovne naredbe kao �to su C-x C-s i (ako nemate tipku META,
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
1031 EDIT ili ALT) <ESC>v su tako�er dozvoljene nakon C-h c.
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
1032
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
1033 Za vi�e podataka o naredbi, pritisnite C-h k umjesto C-h c.
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
1034
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
1035 >> Stisnite C-h k Control-p.
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
1036
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
1037 Osim imena, sad vidite i dokumentaciju funkcije u Emacsovom prozoru.
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
1038 Kad zavr�ite s �itanjem ispisa, stisnite q da se rije�ite teksta.
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
1039
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
1040 Evo nekoliko korisnih mogu�nosti C-h:
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
1041
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
1042 C-h f Opi�i funkciju. Upi�ete ime funkcije.
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
1043
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
1044 >> Poku�ajte stisnuti C-h f previous-line<Return>.
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
1045 Ovo �e ispisati sve �to Emacs zna o funkciji koja implementira
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
1046 naredbu C-p.
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
1047
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
1048 C-h a Hiper Apropos. Upi�ite rije�, i Emacs �e popisati sve
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
1049 funkcije i varijable �ija imena sadr�e rije�. Naredbe
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
1050 koje se mogu izvr�iti s Meta-x bit �e ozna�ene
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
1051 zvjezdicom slijeva.
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
1052
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
1053 >> Utipkajte C-h a newline<Return>.
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
1054
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
1055 Ovo prikazuje hipertekstualni spisak svih funkcija i varijabli s
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
1056 "newline" u imenima. Stisnite <Return>, ili pritisnite srednju tipku
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
1057 mi�a da saznate vi�e o funkciji ili varijabli. Stisnite `q' za izlaz
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
1058 iz hiper-aproposa.
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
1059
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
1060
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
diff changeset
1061 * ZAKLJU�AK
3ecd8885ac67 Import from CVS: tag r21-2-22
cvs
parents:
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1062 -----------
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1063
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1064 Upamtite, za trajan izlaz iz Emacsa stisnite C-x C-c. Za privremeni
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1065 izlaz u ljusku upotrijebite C-z. (pod X-ima, ovo ikonizira trenutni
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1066 Emacsov okvir.)
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1067
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1068 Ove upute su predvi�ene da budu razumljive svim novim korisnicima, pa
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1069 ako vam je ne�to ovdje nejasno, nemojte sjediti i kriviti sebe -
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1070 �alite se!
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1071
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1072
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1073 KOPIRANJE
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1074 ---------
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1075
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1076 Ove upute potje�u iz duge loze Emacsovih uputa, po�ev�i od onih koje
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1077 je napisao Stuart Cracraft za izvorni Emacs. Ben Wing je dopisao
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1078 poglavlje o X Windowsima. Martin Buchholz i Hrvoje Nik�i� su dodali
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1079 jo� ispravki vezanih uz XEmacs.
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diff changeset
1080
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1081 Na Hrvatski preveo Hrvoje Nik�i�, uz dodatnu lekturu Denisa Plei�a.
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diff changeset
1082
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1083 Ova verzija uputa je, kao i GNU Emacs, pod autorskim pravima, i dolazi
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diff changeset
1084 s dozvolom redistribuiranja uz sljede�e uvjete:
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1085
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1086 (c) 1985, 1996 Free Software Foundation, sva prava zadr�ana.
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1087
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1088 Svakome je dozvoljeno praviti ili distribuirati nepromijenjene
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1089 kopije ovog dokumenta, na bilo kojem mediju, uz uvjet da su
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diff changeset
1090 sa�uvane poruka o autorskim pravima i dozvolama, i da distributer
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1091 daje drugima prava za daljnju redistribuciju, kako ovdje pi�e.
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diff changeset
1092
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1093 Dozvoljena je distribucija izmijenjenih verzija ovog dokumenta ili
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1094 njegovih djelova, pod gore navedenim uvjetima, uz dodatni uvjet da
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1095 sadr�i obavijest o zadnjoj promjeni.
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1096
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1097 Uvjeti kopiranja samog Emacsa su slo�eniji, ali u istom duhu. Molimo
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diff changeset
1098 vas da pro�itate datoteku COPYING, i da podijelite kopije GNU Emacsa
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1099 svojim prijateljima. Pomozite nam zgaziti opstrukcionizam
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1100 ("vlasni�tvo") nad softverom koriste�i, pi�u�i i dijele�i slobodan
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1101 softver!
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1102
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1103
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1104 This tutorial descends from a long line of Emacs tutorials
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1105 starting with the one written by Stuart Cracraft for the original Emacs.
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1106 Ben Wing updated the tutorial for X Windows. Martin Buchholz and
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1107 Hrvoje Niksic added more corrections for XEmacs.
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1108
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1109 This version of the tutorial, like GNU Emacs, is copyrighted, and
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1110 comes with permission to distribute copies on certain conditions:
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1111
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1112 Copyright (c) 1985, 1996 Free Software Foundation
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1113
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1114 Permission is granted to anyone to make or distribute verbatim copies
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1115 of this document as received, in any medium, provided that the
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1116 copyright notice and permission notice are preserved,
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1117 and that the distributor grants the recipient permission
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1118 for further redistribution as permitted by this notice.
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1119
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1120 Permission is granted to distribute modified versions
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1121 of this document, or of portions of it,
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1122 under the above conditions, provided also that they
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1123 carry prominent notices stating who last altered them.
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1124
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1125 The conditions for copying Emacs itself are more complex, but in the
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1126 same spirit. Please read the file COPYING and then do give copies of
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1127 GNU Emacs to your friends. Help stamp out software obstructionism
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1128 ("ownership") by using, writing, and sharing free software!