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1 \input texinfo @c -*-texinfo-*-
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2 @setfilename ../../info/xemacs.info
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3 @comment node-name, next, previous, up
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4
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5
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6 @ifinfo
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7 @dircategory XEmacs Editor
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8 @direntry
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9 * XEmacs: (xemacs). XEmacs Editor.
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10 @end direntry
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11
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12 This file documents the XEmacs editor.
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13
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14 Copyright (C) 1985, 1986, 1988 Richard M. Stallman.
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15 Copyright @copyright{} 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994 Lucid, Inc.
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16 Copyright @copyright{} 1993, 1994 Sun Microsystems, Inc.
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17 Copyright @copyright{} 1995 Amdahl Corporation.
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18
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19 Permission is granted to make and distribute verbatim copies of
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20 this manual provided the copyright notice and this permission notice
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21 are preserved on all copies.
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22
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23 @ignore
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24 Permission is granted to process this file through Tex and print the
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25 results, provided the printed document carries copying permission
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26 notice identical to this one except for the removal of this paragraph
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27 (this paragraph not being relevant to the printed manual).
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28
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29 @end ignore
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30 Permission is granted to copy and distribute modified versions of this
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31 manual under the conditions for verbatim copying, provided also that the
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32 sections entitled ``The GNU Manifesto'', ``Distribution'' and ``GNU
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33 General Public License'' are included exactly as in the original, and
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34 provided that the entire resulting derived work is distributed under the
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35 terms of a permission notice identical to this one.
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36
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37 Permission is granted to copy and distribute translations of this manual
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38 into another language, under the above conditions for modified versions,
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39 except that the sections entitled ``The GNU Manifesto'',
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40 ``Distribution'' and ``GNU General Public License'' may be included in a
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41 translation approved by the author instead of in the original English.
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42 @end ifinfo
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43 @c
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44 @setchapternewpage odd
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45 @settitle XEmacs User's Manual
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46 @c
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47 @titlepage
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48 @sp 6
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49 @center @titlefont{XEmacs User's Manual}
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50 @sp 4
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51 @sp 1
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52 @sp 1
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53 @center July 1994
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54 @center (General Public License upgraded, January 1991)
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55 @sp 5
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56 @center Richard Stallman
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57 @sp 1
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58 @center Lucid, Inc.
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59 @sp 1
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60 @center and
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61 @sp 1
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62 @center Ben Wing
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63 @page
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64 @vskip 0pt plus 1filll
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65 Copyright @copyright{} 1985, 1986, 1988 Richard M. Stallman.
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66
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67 Copyright @copyright{} 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994 Lucid, Inc.
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68
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69 Copyright @copyright{} 1993, 1994 Sun Microsystems, Inc.
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70
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71 Copyright @copyright{} 1995 Amdahl Corporation.
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72
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73 Permission is granted to make and distribute verbatim copies of
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74 this manual provided the copyright notice and this permission notice
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75 are preserved on all copies.
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76
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77 Permission is granted to copy and distribute modified versions of this
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78 manual under the conditions for verbatim copying, provided also that the
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79 sections entitled ``The GNU Manifesto'', ``Distribution'' and ``GNU
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80 General Public License'' are included exactly as in the original, and
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81 provided that the entire resulting derived work is distributed under the
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82 terms of a permission notice identical to this one.
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83
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84 Permission is granted to copy and distribute translations of this manual
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85 into another language, under the above conditions for modified versions,
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86 except that the sections entitled ``The GNU Manifesto'',
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87 ``Distribution'' and ``GNU General Public License'' may be included in a
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88 translation approved by the author instead of in the original English.
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89 @end titlepage
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90 @page
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696
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91 @ifnottex
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428
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92 @node Top, License,, (dir)
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438
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93 @top The XEmacs Editor
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428
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94
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95
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96 XEmacs is the extensible, customizable, self-documenting real-time
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97 display editor. This Info file describes how to edit with Emacs
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98 and some of how to customize it, but not how to extend it. It
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99 corresponds to XEmacs version 21.0.
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100
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101 This manual is intended as a detailed reference to XEmacs. If
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102 you are looking for an introductory manual, see the New User's
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103 Guide.
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104
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696
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105 @end ifnottex
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428
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106 @menu
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107 * License:: The GNU General Public License gives you permission
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108 to redistribute XEmacs on certain terms; and also
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109 explains that there is no warranty.
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110 * Distrib:: How to get XEmacs.
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111 * Intro:: An introduction to XEmacs concepts.
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112 * Glossary:: The glossary.
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113 * Manifesto:: What's GNU? Gnu's Not Unix!
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114
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115 Indices, nodes containing large menus
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116 * Key Index:: An item for each standard XEmacs key sequence.
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117 * Command Index:: An item for each command name.
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118 * Variable Index:: An item for each documented variable.
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119 * Concept Index:: An item for each concept.
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120
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121 Important General Concepts
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122 * Frame:: How to interpret what you see on the screen.
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123 * Keystrokes:: Keyboard gestures XEmacs recognizes.
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124 * Pull-down Menus::
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125 The XEmacs Pull-down Menus available under X.
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126 * Entering Emacs::
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127 Starting Emacs from the shell.
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128 * Exiting:: Stopping or killing XEmacs.
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129 * Command Switches::
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130 Hairy startup options.
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131 * Startup Paths::
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444
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132 How XEmacs finds Directories and Files.
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133 * Packages:: How XEmacs organizes its high-level functionality.
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134
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135 Fundamental Editing Commands
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136 * Basic:: The most basic editing commands.
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137 * Undo:: Undoing recently made changes in the text.
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138 * Minibuffer:: Entering arguments that are prompted for.
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139 * M-x:: Invoking commands by their names.
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140 * Help:: Commands for asking XEmacs about its commands.
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141
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142 Important Text-Changing Commands
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143 * Mark:: The mark: how to delimit a ``region'' of text.
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144 * Mouse Selection::
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145 Selecting text with the mouse.
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146 * Additional Mouse Operations::
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147 Other operations available from the mouse.
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148 * Killing:: Killing text.
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149 * Yanking:: Recovering killed text. Moving text.
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150 * Using X Selections::
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151 Using primary selection, cut buffers, and highlighted regions.
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152 * Accumulating Text::
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153 Other ways of copying text.
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154 * Rectangles:: Operating on the text inside a rectangle on the screen.
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155 * Registers:: Saving a text string or a location in the buffer.
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156 * Display:: Controlling what text is displayed.
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157 * Search:: Finding or replacing occurrences of a string.
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158 * Fixit:: Commands especially useful for fixing typos.
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159
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160 Larger Units of Text
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161 * Files:: All about handling files.
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162 * Buffers:: Multiple buffers; editing several files at once.
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163 * Windows:: Viewing two pieces of text at once.
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164 * Mule:: Using world scripts.
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165
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166 Advanced Features
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167 * Major Modes:: Text mode vs. Lisp mode vs. C mode ...
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168 * Indentation:: Editing the white space at the beginnings of lines.
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169 * Text:: Commands and modes for editing English.
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170 * Programs:: Commands and modes for editing programs.
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171 * Running:: Compiling, running and debugging programs.
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172 * Abbrevs:: How to define text abbreviations to reduce
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173 the number of characters you must type.
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174 * Picture:: Editing pictures made up of characters
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175 using the quarter-plane screen model.
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176 * Sending Mail:: Sending mail in XEmacs.
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177 * Reading Mail:: Reading mail in XEmacs.
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178 * Calendar/Diary:: A Calendar and diary facility in XEmacs.
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179 * Sorting:: Sorting lines, paragraphs or pages within XEmacs.
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180 * Shell:: Executing shell commands from XEmacs.
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181 * Narrowing:: Restricting display and editing to a portion
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182 of the buffer.
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183 * Hardcopy:: Printing buffers or regions.
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184 * Recursive Edit::
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185 A command can allow you to do editing
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186 "within the command". This is called a
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187 `recursive editing level'.
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188 * Dissociated Press:: Dissociating text for fun.
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189 * CONX:: A different kind of dissociation.
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190 * Amusements:: Various games and hacks.
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191 * Emulation:: Emulating some other editors with XEmacs.
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192 * Customization:: Modifying the behavior of XEmacs.
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193
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194 Recovery from Problems.
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195 * Quitting:: Quitting and aborting.
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196 * Lossage:: What to do if XEmacs is hung or malfunctioning.
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197 * Bugs:: How and when to report a bug.
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198
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199 Here are some other nodes which are really inferiors of the ones
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200 already listed, mentioned here so you can get to them in one step:
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201
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202 --- The Detailed Node Listing ---
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203
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204 The Organization of the Frame
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205
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206 * Point:: The place in the text where editing commands operate.
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207 * Echo Area:: Short messages appear at the bottom of the frame.
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208 * Mode Line:: Interpreting the mode line.
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209 * XEmacs under X:: Some information on using XEmacs under the X
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210 Window System.
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211
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212 Keystrokes
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213
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214 * Intro to Keystrokes:: Keystrokes as building blocks of key sequences.
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215 * Representing Keystrokes:: Using lists of modifiers and keysyms to
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216 represent keystrokes.
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217 * Key Sequences:: Combine key strokes into key sequences you can
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218 bind to commands.
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219 * String Key Sequences:: Available for upward compatibility.
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220 * Meta Key:: Using @key{ESC} to represent @key{Meta}
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221 * Super and Hyper Keys:: Adding modifier keys on certain keyboards.
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222 * Character Representation:: How characters appear in XEmacs buffers.
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223 * Commands:: How commands are bound to key sequences.
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224
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225 Pull-down Menus
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226
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227 * File Menu:: Items on the File menu.
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228 * Edit Menu:: Items on the Edit menu.
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229 * Apps Menu:: Items on the Apps menu.
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230 * Options Menu:: Items on the Options menu.
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231 * Buffers Menu:: Information about the Buffers menu.
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232 * Tools Menu:: Items on the Tools menu.
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233 * Help Menu:: Items on the Help menu.
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234 * Menu Customization:: Adding and removing menu items and related
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235 operations.
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236
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444
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237 Packages
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238
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239 * Packages:: Introduction to XEmacs Packages.
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240 * Package Terminology:: Understanding different kinds of packages.
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458
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241 * Installing Packages:: How to install packages.
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444
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242 * Building Packages:: Building packages from sources.
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458
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243 * Local.rules File:: An important part of building packages.
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244 * Creating Packages:: The basics.
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245 * Available Packages:: A brief directory of packaged LISP.
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444
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246
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428
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247 Basic Editing Commands
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248
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249 * Blank Lines:: Commands to make or delete blank lines.
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250 * Continuation Lines:: Lines too wide for the frame.
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251 * Position Info:: What page, line, row, or column is point on?
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252 * Arguments:: Numeric arguments for repeating a command.
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253
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254 The Minibuffer
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255
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256 * File: Minibuffer File. Entering file names with the minibuffer.
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257 * Edit: Minibuffer Edit. How to edit in the minibuffer.
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258 * Completion:: An abbreviation facility for minibuffer input.
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259 * Repetition:: Re-executing commands that used the minibuffer.
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260
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261 The Mark and the Region
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262
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263 * Setting Mark:: Commands to set the mark.
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264 * Using Region:: Summary of ways to operate on contents of the region.
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265 * Marking Objects:: Commands to put region around textual units.
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266 * Mark Ring:: Previous mark positions saved so you can go back there.
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267
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268 Yanking
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269
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270 * Kill Ring:: Where killed text is stored. Basic yanking.
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271 * Appending Kills:: Several kills in a row all yank together.
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272 * Earlier Kills:: Yanking something killed some time ago.
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273
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274 Using X Selections
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275
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276 * X Clipboard Selection:: Pasting to the X clipboard.
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277 * X Selection Commands:: Other operations on the selection.
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278 * X Cut Buffers:: X cut buffers are available for compatibility.
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279 * Active Regions:: Using zmacs-style highlighting of the
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280 selected region.
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281
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282 Registers
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283
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442
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284 * Position: RegPos. Saving positions in registers.
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285 * Text: RegText. Saving text in registers.
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286 * Rectangle: RegRect. Saving rectangles in registers.
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287 * Configurations: RegConfig. Saving window configurations in registers.
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288 * Files: RegFiles. File names in registers.
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289 * Numbers: RegNumbers. Numbers in registers.
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290 * Bookmarks:: Bookmarks are like registers, but persistent.
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428
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291
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292 Controlling the Display
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293
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294 * Scrolling:: Moving text up and down in a window.
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295 * Horizontal Scrolling:: Moving text left and right in a window.
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296 * Selective Display:: Hiding lines with lots of indentation.
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297 * Display Vars:: Information on variables for customizing display.
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298
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299 Searching and Replacement
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300
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301 * Incremental Search:: Search happens as you type the string.
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302 * Non-Incremental Search:: Specify entire string and then search.
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303 * Word Search:: Search for sequence of words.
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304 * Regexp Search:: Search for match for a regexp.
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305 * Regexps:: Syntax of regular expressions.
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306 * Search Case:: To ignore case while searching, or not.
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307 * Replace:: Search, and replace some or all matches.
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308 * Other Repeating Search:: Operating on all matches for some regexp.
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309
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310 Replacement Commands
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311
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312 * Unconditional Replace:: Replacing all matches for a string.
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313 * Regexp Replace:: Replacing all matches for a regexp.
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314 * Replacement and Case:: How replacements preserve case of letters.
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315 * Query Replace:: How to use querying.
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316
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317 Commands for Fixing Typos
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318
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319 * Kill Errors:: Commands to kill a batch of recently entered text.
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320 * Transpose:: Exchanging two characters, words, lines, lists...
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321 * Fixing Case:: Correcting case of last word entered.
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322 * Spelling:: Apply spelling checker to a word, or a whole file.
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323
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324 File Handling
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325
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326 * File Names:: How to type and edit file name arguments.
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327 * Visiting:: Visiting a file prepares XEmacs to edit the file.
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328 * Saving:: Saving makes your changes permanent.
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329 * Reverting:: Reverting cancels all the changes not saved.
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330 * Auto Save:: Auto Save periodically protects against loss of data.
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331 * Version Control:: Version control systems (RCS and SCCS).
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332 * ListDir:: Listing the contents of a file directory.
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333 * Comparing Files:: Finding where two files differ.
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334 * Dired:: ``Editing'' a directory to delete, rename, etc.
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335 the files in it.
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336 * Misc File Ops:: Other things you can do on files.
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337
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338 Saving Files
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339
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340 * Backup:: How XEmacs saves the old version of your file.
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341 * Interlocking:: How XEmacs protects against simultaneous editing
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342 of one file by two users.
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343
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344 Backup Files
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345
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346 * Names: Backup Names. How backup files are named;
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347 Choosing single or numbered backup files.
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348 * Deletion: Backup Deletion. XEmacs deletes excess numbered backups.
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349 * Copying: Backup Copying. Backups can be made by copying or renaming.
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350
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351 Auto-Saving: Protection Against Disasters
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352
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353 * Files: Auto Save Files.
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354 * Control: Auto Save Control.
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355 * Recover:: Recovering text from auto-save files.
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356
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357 Version Control
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358
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359 * Concepts of VC:: Basic version control information;
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360 checking files in and out.
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361 * Editing with VC:: Commands for editing a file maintained
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362 with version control.
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363 * Variables for Check-in/out:: Variables that affect the commands used
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364 to check files in or out.
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365 * Log Entries:: Logging your changes.
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366 * Change Logs and VC:: Generating a change log file from log
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367 entries.
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368 * Old Versions:: Examining and comparing old versions.
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369 * VC Status:: Commands to view the VC status of files and
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370 look at log entries.
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371 * Renaming and VC:: A command to rename both the source and
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372 master file correctly.
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373 * Snapshots:: How to make and use snapshots, a set of
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374 file versions that can be treated as a unit.
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375 * Version Headers:: Inserting version control headers into
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376 working files.
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377
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378 Snapshots
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379
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380 * Making Snapshots:: The snapshot facilities.
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381 * Snapshot Caveats:: Things to be careful of when using snapshots.
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382
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383 Dired, the Directory Editor
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384
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385 * Enter: Dired Enter. How to invoke Dired.
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386 * Edit: Dired Edit. Editing the Dired buffer.
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387 * Deletion: Dired Deletion. Deleting files with Dired.
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388 * Immed: Dired Immed. Other file operations through Dired.
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389
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390 Using Multiple Buffers
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391
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392 * Select Buffer:: Creating a new buffer or reselecting an old one.
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393 * List Buffers:: Getting a list of buffers that exist.
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394 * Misc Buffer:: Renaming; changing read-onliness; copying text.
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395 * Kill Buffer:: Killing buffers you no longer need.
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396 * Several Buffers:: How to go through the list of all buffers
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397 and operate variously on several of them.
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398
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399 Multiple Windows
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400
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401 * Basic Window:: Introduction to XEmacs windows.
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402 * Split Window:: New windows are made by splitting existing windows.
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403 * Other Window:: Moving to another window or doing something to it.
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404 * Pop Up Window:: Finding a file or buffer in another window.
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405 * Change Window:: Deleting windows and changing their sizes.
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406
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407 Major Modes
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408
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409 * Choosing Modes:: How major modes are specified or chosen.
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410
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411 Indentation
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412
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413 * Indentation Commands:: Various commands and techniques for indentation.
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414 * Tab Stops:: You can set arbitrary "tab stops" and then
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415 indent to the next tab stop when you want to.
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416 * Just Spaces:: You can request indentation using just spaces.
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417
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418 Commands for Human Languages
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419
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420 * Text Mode:: The major modes for editing text files.
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421 * Nroff Mode:: The major mode for editing input to the formatter nroff.
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422 * TeX Mode:: The major modes for editing input to the formatter TeX.
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423 * Outline Mode:: The major mode for editing outlines.
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424 * Words:: Moving over and killing words.
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425 * Sentences:: Moving over and killing sentences.
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426 * Paragraphs:: Moving over paragraphs.
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427 * Pages:: Moving over pages.
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428 * Filling:: Filling or justifying text
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429 * Case:: Changing the case of text
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430
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431 @TeX{} Mode
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432
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433 * Editing: TeX Editing. Special commands for editing in TeX mode.
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434 * Printing: TeX Print. Commands for printing part of a file with TeX.
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435
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436 Outline Mode
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437
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438 * Format: Outline Format. What the text of an outline looks like.
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439 * Motion: Outline Motion. Special commands for moving through outlines.
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440 * Visibility: Outline Visibility. Commands to control what is visible.
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441
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442 Filling Text
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443
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444 * Auto Fill:: Auto Fill mode breaks long lines automatically.
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445 * Fill Commands:: Commands to refill paragraphs and center lines.
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|
|
446 * Fill Prefix:: Filling when every line is indented or in a comment, etc.
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447
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448 Editing Programs
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449
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450 * Program Modes:: Major modes for editing programs.
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451 * Lists:: Expressions with balanced parentheses.
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452 There are editing commands to operate on them.
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|
453 * Defuns:: Each program is made up of separate functions.
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|
454 There are editing commands to operate on them.
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455 * Grinding:: Adjusting indentation to show the nesting.
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|
456 * Matching:: Insertion of a close-delimiter flashes matching open.
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|
|
457 * Comments:: Inserting, filling and aligning comments.
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|
|
458 * Balanced Editing:: Inserting two matching parentheses at once, etc.
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|
|
459 * Lisp Completion:: Completion on symbol names in Lisp code.
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|
|
460 * Documentation:: Getting documentation of functions you plan to call.
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|
|
461 * Change Log:: Maintaining a change history for your program.
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|
|
462 * Tags:: Go directly to any function in your program in one
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|
|
463 command. Tags remembers which file it is in.
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|
|
464 * Fortran:: Fortran mode and its special features.
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|
|
465 * Asm Mode:: Asm mode and its special features.
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|
|
466
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|
467 Indentation for Programs
|
|
|
468
|
|
|
469 * Basic Indent::
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|
470 * Multi-line Indent:: Commands to reindent many lines at once.
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|
|
471 * Lisp Indent:: Specifying how each Lisp function should be indented.
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|
|
472 * C Indent:: Choosing an indentation style for C code.
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|
|
473
|
|
|
474 Tags Tables
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|
|
475
|
|
|
476 * Tag Syntax:: Tag syntax for various types of code and text files.
|
|
|
477 * Create Tags Table:: Creating a tags table with @code{etags}.
|
|
|
478 * Select Tags Table:: How to visit a tags table.
|
|
|
479 * Find Tag:: Commands to find the definition of a specific tag.
|
|
|
480 * Tags Search:: Using a tags table for searching and replacing.
|
|
|
481 * List Tags:: Listing and finding tags defined in a file.
|
|
|
482
|
|
|
483 Fortran Mode
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|
|
484
|
|
|
485 * Motion: Fortran Motion. Moving point by statements or subprograms.
|
|
|
486 * Indent: Fortran Indent. Indentation commands for Fortran.
|
|
|
487 * Comments: Fortran Comments. Inserting and aligning comments.
|
|
|
488 * Columns: Fortran Columns. Measuring columns for valid Fortran.
|
|
|
489 * Abbrev: Fortran Abbrev. Built-in abbrevs for Fortran keywords.
|
|
|
490
|
|
|
491 Fortran Indentation
|
|
|
492
|
|
|
493 * Commands: ForIndent Commands. Commands for indenting Fortran.
|
|
|
494 * Numbers: ForIndent Num. How line numbers auto-indent.
|
|
|
495 * Conv: ForIndent Conv. Conventions you must obey to avoid trouble.
|
|
|
496 * Vars: ForIndent Vars. Variables controlling Fortran indent style.
|
|
|
497
|
|
|
498 Compiling and Testing Programs
|
|
|
499
|
|
|
500 * Compilation:: Compiling programs in languages other than Lisp
|
|
|
501 (C, Pascal, etc.)
|
|
|
502 * Modes: Lisp Modes. Various modes for editing Lisp programs, with
|
|
|
503 different facilities for running the Lisp programs.
|
|
|
504 * Libraries: Lisp Libraries. Creating Lisp programs to run in XEmacs.
|
|
|
505 * Eval: Lisp Eval. Executing a single Lisp expression in XEmacs.
|
|
|
506 * Debug: Lisp Debug. Debugging Lisp programs running in XEmacs.
|
|
|
507 * Interaction: Lisp Interaction. Executing Lisp in an XEmacs buffer.
|
|
|
508 * External Lisp:: Communicating through XEmacs with a separate Lisp.
|
|
|
509
|
|
|
510 Lisp Libraries
|
|
|
511
|
|
|
512 * Loading:: Loading libraries of Lisp code into XEmacs for use.
|
|
|
513 * Compiling Libraries:: Compiling a library makes it load and run faster.
|
|
|
514 * Mocklisp:: Converting Mocklisp to Lisp so XEmacs can run it.
|
|
|
515
|
|
|
516 Abbrevs
|
|
|
517
|
|
|
518 * Defining Abbrevs:: Defining an abbrev, so it will expand when typed.
|
|
|
519 * Expanding Abbrevs:: Controlling expansion: prefixes, canceling expansion.
|
|
|
520 * Editing Abbrevs:: Viewing or editing the entire list of defined abbrevs.
|
|
|
521 * Saving Abbrevs:: Saving the entire list of abbrevs for another session.
|
|
|
522 * Dynamic Abbrevs:: Abbreviations for words already in the buffer.
|
|
|
523
|
|
|
524 Editing Pictures
|
|
|
525
|
|
|
526 * Basic Picture:: Basic concepts and simple commands of Picture Mode.
|
|
|
527 * Insert in Picture:: Controlling direction of cursor motion
|
|
|
528 after "self-inserting" characters.
|
|
|
529 * Tabs in Picture:: Various features for tab stops and indentation.
|
|
|
530 * Rectangles in Picture:: Clearing and superimposing rectangles.
|
|
|
531
|
|
|
532 Sending Mail
|
|
|
533
|
|
|
534 * Format: Mail Format. Format of the mail being composed.
|
|
|
535 * Headers: Mail Headers. Details of allowed mail header fields.
|
|
|
536 * Mode: Mail Mode. Special commands for editing mail being composed.
|
|
|
537
|
|
|
538 Running Shell Commands from XEmacs
|
|
|
539
|
|
|
540 * Single Shell:: How to run one shell command and return.
|
|
|
541 * Interactive Shell:: Permanent shell taking input via XEmacs.
|
|
|
542 * Shell Mode:: Special XEmacs commands used with permanent shell.
|
|
|
543
|
|
|
544 Customization
|
|
|
545
|
|
|
546 * Minor Modes:: Each minor mode is one feature you can turn on
|
|
|
547 independently of any others.
|
|
|
548 * Variables:: Many XEmacs commands examine XEmacs variables
|
|
|
549 to decide what to do; by setting variables,
|
|
|
550 you can control their functioning.
|
|
|
551 * Keyboard Macros:: A keyboard macro records a sequence of keystrokes
|
|
|
552 to be replayed with a single command.
|
|
|
553 * Key Bindings:: The keymaps say what command each key runs.
|
|
|
554 By changing them, you can "redefine keys".
|
|
|
555 * Syntax:: The syntax table controls how words and expressions
|
|
|
556 are parsed.
|
|
442
|
557 * Init File:: How to write common customizations in the init file.
|
|
428
|
558 * Audible Bell:: Changing how XEmacs sounds the bell.
|
|
|
559 * Faces:: Changing the fonts and colors of a region of text.
|
|
|
560 * X Resources:: X resources controlling various aspects of the
|
|
|
561 behavior of XEmacs.
|
|
|
562
|
|
|
563 Variables
|
|
|
564
|
|
|
565 * Examining:: Examining or setting one variable's value.
|
|
|
566 * Easy Customization:: Convenient and easy customization of variables.
|
|
|
567 * Edit Options:: Examining or editing list of all variables' values.
|
|
|
568 * Locals:: Per-buffer values of variables.
|
|
|
569 * File Variables:: How files can specify variable values.
|
|
|
570
|
|
|
571 Keyboard Macros
|
|
|
572
|
|
|
573 * Basic Kbd Macro:: Defining and running keyboard macros.
|
|
|
574 * Save Kbd Macro:: Giving keyboard macros names; saving them in files.
|
|
|
575 * Kbd Macro Query:: Keyboard macros that do different things each use.
|
|
|
576
|
|
|
577 Customizing Key Bindings
|
|
|
578
|
|
|
579 * Keymaps:: Definition of the keymap data structure.
|
|
|
580 Names of XEmacs's standard keymaps.
|
|
|
581 * Rebinding:: How to redefine one key's meaning conveniently.
|
|
|
582 * Disabling:: Disabling a command means confirmation is required
|
|
|
583 before it can be executed. This is done to protect
|
|
|
584 beginners from surprises.
|
|
|
585
|
|
|
586 The Syntax Table
|
|
|
587
|
|
|
588 * Entry: Syntax Entry. What the syntax table records for each character.
|
|
|
589 * Change: Syntax Change. How to change the information.
|
|
|
590
|
|
442
|
591 The Init File
|
|
428
|
592
|
|
|
593 * Init Syntax:: Syntax of constants in Emacs Lisp.
|
|
|
594 * Init Examples:: How to do some things with an init file.
|
|
|
595 * Terminal Init:: Each terminal type can have an init file.
|
|
|
596
|
|
|
597 Dealing with XEmacs Trouble
|
|
|
598
|
|
|
599 * Stuck Recursive:: `[...]' in mode line around the parentheses.
|
|
|
600 * Screen Garbled:: Garbage on the screen.
|
|
|
601 * Text Garbled:: Garbage in the text.
|
|
|
602 * Unasked-for Search:: Spontaneous entry to incremental search.
|
|
|
603 * Emergency Escape:: Emergency escape---
|
|
|
604 What to do if XEmacs stops responding.
|
|
|
605 * Total Frustration:: When you are at your wits' end.
|
|
|
606
|
|
|
607 @end menu
|
|
|
608
|
|
|
609 @iftex
|
|
|
610 @unnumbered Preface
|
|
|
611
|
|
|
612 This manual documents the use and simple customization of the XEmacs
|
|
|
613 editor. The reader is not expected to be a programmer to use this
|
|
|
614 editor, and simple customizations do not require programming skills either.
|
|
|
615 Users who are not interested in customizing XEmacs can ignore the scattered
|
|
|
616 customization hints.
|
|
|
617
|
|
|
618 This document is primarily a reference manual, but it can also be used as a
|
|
|
619 primer. However, if you are new to XEmacs, consider using the on-line,
|
|
|
620 learn-by-doing tutorial, which you get by running XEmacs and typing
|
|
|
621 @kbd{C-h t}. With it, you learn XEmacs by using XEmacs on a specially
|
|
|
622 designed file which describes commands, tells you when to try them,
|
|
|
623 and then explains the results you see. Using the tutorial gives a more vivid
|
|
|
624 introduction than the printed manual. Also consider reading the XEmacs
|
|
|
625 New User's Guide, which is intended specifically as an introductory
|
|
|
626 manual rather than as a reference guide.
|
|
|
627
|
|
|
628 On first reading, just skim chapters one and two, which describe the
|
|
|
629 notational conventions of the manual and the general appearance of the
|
|
|
630 XEmacs display frame. Note which questions are answered in these chapters,
|
|
|
631 so you can refer back later. After reading chapter four you should
|
|
|
632 practice the commands there. The next few chapters describe fundamental
|
|
|
633 techniques and concepts that are used constantly. You need to understand
|
|
|
634 them thoroughly, experimenting with them if necessary.
|
|
|
635
|
|
|
636 To find the documentation on a particular command, look in the index.
|
|
|
637 Keys (character commands) and command names have separate indexes. There
|
|
|
638 is also a glossary, with a cross reference for each term.
|
|
|
639
|
|
|
640 @ignore
|
|
|
641 If you know vaguely what the command
|
|
|
642 does, look in the command summary. The command summary contains a line or
|
|
|
643 two about each command, and a cross reference to the section of the
|
|
|
644 manual that describes the command in more detail; related commands
|
|
|
645 are grouped together.
|
|
|
646 @end ignore
|
|
|
647
|
|
|
648 This manual comes in two forms: the published form and the Info form.
|
|
|
649 The Info form is for on-line perusal with the INFO program; it is
|
|
|
650 distributed along with XEmacs. Both forms contain substantially the
|
|
|
651 same text and are generated from a common source file, which is also
|
|
|
652 distributed along with XEmacs.
|
|
|
653
|
|
|
654 XEmacs is a member of the Emacs editor family. There are many Emacs
|
|
|
655 editors, all sharing common principles of organization. For information on
|
|
|
656 the underlying philosophy of Emacs and the lessons learned from its
|
|
|
657 development, write for a copy of AI memo 519a, ``Emacs, the Extensible,
|
|
|
658 Customizable Self-Documenting Display Editor'', to Publications Department,
|
|
|
659 Artificial Intelligence Lab, 545 Tech Square, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. At
|
|
|
660 last report they charge $2.25 per copy. Another useful publication is LCS
|
|
|
661 TM-165, ``A Cookbook for an Emacs'', by Craig Finseth, available from
|
|
|
662 Publications Department, Laboratory for Computer Science, 545 Tech Square,
|
|
|
663 Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. The price today is $3.
|
|
|
664
|
|
|
665 This manual is for XEmacs installed on UNIX systems. XEmacs also
|
|
|
666 exists on Microsoft Windows and Windows NT as Win-Emacs (which is
|
|
|
667 actually based on Lucid Emacs 19.6, an older incarnation of XEmacs).
|
|
|
668 @end iftex
|
|
|
669
|
|
|
670 @comment node-name, next, previous, up
|
|
|
671 @node License, Distrib, Top, Top
|
|
|
672 @unnumbered GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE
|
|
|
673 @center Version 1, February 1989
|
|
|
674 @cindex license to copy XEmacs
|
|
|
675 @cindex General Public License
|
|
|
676
|
|
|
677 @display
|
|
|
678 Copyright @copyright{} 1989 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
|
|
|
679 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
|
|
|
680
|
|
|
681 Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies
|
|
|
682 of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.
|
|
|
683 @end display
|
|
|
684
|
|
|
685 @unnumberedsec Preamble
|
|
|
686
|
|
|
687 The license agreements of most software companies try to keep users
|
|
|
688 at the mercy of those companies. By contrast, our General Public
|
|
|
689 License is intended to guarantee your freedom to share and change free
|
|
|
690 software---to make sure the software is free for all its users. The
|
|
|
691 General Public License applies to the Free Software Foundation's
|
|
|
692 software and to any other program whose authors commit to using it.
|
|
|
693 You can use it for your programs, too.
|
|
|
694
|
|
|
695 When we speak of free software, we are referring to freedom, not
|
|
|
696 price. Specifically, the General Public License is designed to make
|
|
|
697 sure that you have the freedom to give away or sell copies of free
|
|
|
698 software, that you receive source code or can get it if you want it,
|
|
|
699 that you can change the software or use pieces of it in new free
|
|
|
700 programs; and that you know you can do these things.
|
|
|
701
|
|
|
702 To protect your rights, we need to make restrictions that forbid
|
|
|
703 anyone to deny you these rights or to ask you to surrender the rights.
|
|
|
704 These restrictions translate to certain responsibilities for you if you
|
|
|
705 distribute copies of the software, or if you modify it.
|
|
|
706
|
|
|
707 For example, if you distribute copies of a such a program, whether
|
|
|
708 gratis or for a fee, you must give the recipients all the rights that
|
|
|
709 you have. You must make sure that they, too, receive or can get the
|
|
|
710 source code. And you must tell them their rights.
|
|
|
711
|
|
|
712 We protect your rights with two steps: (1) copyright the software, and
|
|
|
713 (2) offer you this license which gives you legal permission to copy,
|
|
|
714 distribute and/or modify the software.
|
|
|
715
|
|
|
716 Also, for each author's protection and ours, we want to make certain
|
|
|
717 that everyone understands that there is no warranty for this free
|
|
|
718 software. If the software is modified by someone else and passed on, we
|
|
|
719 want its recipients to know that what they have is not the original, so
|
|
|
720 that any problems introduced by others will not reflect on the original
|
|
|
721 authors' reputations.
|
|
|
722
|
|
|
723 The precise terms and conditions for copying, distribution and
|
|
|
724 modification follow.
|
|
|
725
|
|
|
726 @iftex
|
|
|
727 @unnumberedsec TERMS AND CONDITIONS
|
|
|
728 @end iftex
|
|
|
729 @ifinfo
|
|
|
730 @center TERMS AND CONDITIONS
|
|
|
731 @end ifinfo
|
|
|
732
|
|
|
733 @enumerate
|
|
|
734 @item
|
|
|
735 This License Agreement applies to any program or other work which
|
|
|
736 contains a notice placed by the copyright holder saying it may be
|
|
|
737 distributed under the terms of this General Public License. The
|
|
|
738 ``Program'', below, refers to any such program or work, and a ``work based
|
|
|
739 on the Program'' means either the Program or any work containing the
|
|
|
740 Program or a portion of it, either verbatim or with modifications. Each
|
|
|
741 licensee is addressed as ``you''.
|
|
|
742
|
|
|
743 @item
|
|
|
744 @cindex Distribution
|
|
|
745 You may copy and distribute verbatim copies of the Program's source
|
|
|
746 code as you receive it, in any medium, provided that you conspicuously and
|
|
|
747 appropriately publish on each copy an appropriate copyright notice and
|
|
|
748 disclaimer of warranty; keep intact all the notices that refer to this
|
|
|
749 General Public License and to the absence of any warranty; and give any
|
|
|
750 other recipients of the Program a copy of this General Public License
|
|
|
751 along with the Program. You may charge a fee for the physical act of
|
|
|
752 transferring a copy.
|
|
|
753
|
|
|
754 @item
|
|
|
755 You may modify your copy or copies of the Program or any portion of
|
|
|
756 it, and copy and distribute such modifications under the terms of Paragraph
|
|
|
757 1 above, provided that you also do the following:
|
|
|
758
|
|
|
759 @itemize @bullet
|
|
|
760 @item
|
|
|
761 cause the modified files to carry prominent notices stating that
|
|
|
762 you changed the files and the date of any change; and
|
|
|
763
|
|
|
764 @item
|
|
|
765 cause the whole of any work that you distribute or publish, that
|
|
|
766 in whole or in part contains the Program or any part thereof, either
|
|
|
767 with or without modifications, to be licensed at no charge to all
|
|
|
768 third parties under the terms of this General Public License (except
|
|
|
769 that you may choose to grant warranty protection to some or all
|
|
|
770 third parties, at your option).
|
|
|
771
|
|
|
772 @item
|
|
|
773 If the modified program normally reads commands interactively when
|
|
|
774 run, you must cause it, when started running for such interactive use
|
|
|
775 in the simplest and most usual way, to print or display an
|
|
|
776 announcement including an appropriate copyright notice and a notice
|
|
|
777 that there is no warranty (or else, saying that you provide a
|
|
|
778 warranty) and that users may redistribute the program under these
|
|
|
779 conditions, and telling the user how to view a copy of this General
|
|
|
780 Public License.
|
|
|
781
|
|
|
782 @item
|
|
|
783 You may charge a fee for the physical act of transferring a
|
|
|
784 copy, and you may at your option offer warranty protection in
|
|
|
785 exchange for a fee.
|
|
|
786 @end itemize
|
|
|
787
|
|
|
788 Mere aggregation of another independent work with the Program (or its
|
|
|
789 derivative) on a volume of a storage or distribution medium does not bring
|
|
|
790 the other work under the scope of these terms.
|
|
|
791
|
|
|
792 @item
|
|
|
793 You may copy and distribute the Program (or a portion or derivative of
|
|
|
794 it, under Paragraph 2) in object code or executable form under the terms of
|
|
|
795 Paragraphs 1 and 2 above provided that you also do one of the following:
|
|
|
796
|
|
|
797 @itemize @bullet
|
|
|
798 @item
|
|
|
799 accompany it with the complete corresponding machine-readable
|
|
|
800 source code, which must be distributed under the terms of
|
|
|
801 Paragraphs 1 and 2 above; or,
|
|
|
802
|
|
|
803 @item
|
|
|
804 accompany it with a written offer, valid for at least three
|
|
|
805 years, to give any third party free (except for a nominal charge
|
|
|
806 for the cost of distribution) a complete machine-readable copy of the
|
|
|
807 corresponding source code, to be distributed under the terms of
|
|
|
808 Paragraphs 1 and 2 above; or,
|
|
|
809
|
|
|
810 @item
|
|
|
811 accompany it with the information you received as to where the
|
|
|
812 corresponding source code may be obtained. (This alternative is
|
|
|
813 allowed only for noncommercial distribution and only if you
|
|
|
814 received the program in object code or executable form alone.)
|
|
|
815 @end itemize
|
|
|
816
|
|
|
817 Source code for a work means the preferred form of the work for making
|
|
|
818 modifications to it. For an executable file, complete source code means
|
|
|
819 all the source code for all modules it contains; but, as a special
|
|
|
820 exception, it need not include source code for modules which are standard
|
|
|
821 libraries that accompany the operating system on which the executable
|
|
|
822 file runs, or for standard header files or definitions files that
|
|
|
823 accompany that operating system.
|
|
|
824
|
|
|
825 @item
|
|
|
826 You may not copy, modify, sublicense, distribute or transfer the
|
|
|
827 Program except as expressly provided under this General Public License.
|
|
|
828 Any attempt otherwise to copy, modify, sublicense, distribute or transfer
|
|
|
829 the Program is void, and will automatically terminate your rights to use
|
|
|
830 the Program under this License. However, parties who have received
|
|
|
831 copies, or rights to use copies, from you under this General Public
|
|
|
832 License will not have their licenses terminated so long as such parties
|
|
|
833 remain in full compliance.
|
|
|
834
|
|
|
835 @item
|
|
|
836 By copying, distributing or modifying the Program (or any work based
|
|
|
837 on the Program) you indicate your acceptance of this license to do so,
|
|
|
838 and all its terms and conditions.
|
|
|
839
|
|
|
840 @item
|
|
|
841 Each time you redistribute the Program (or any work based on the
|
|
|
842 Program), the recipient automatically receives a license from the original
|
|
|
843 licensor to copy, distribute or modify the Program subject to these
|
|
|
844 terms and conditions. You may not impose any further restrictions on the
|
|
|
845 recipients' exercise of the rights granted herein.
|
|
|
846
|
|
|
847 @page
|
|
|
848 @item
|
|
|
849 The Free Software Foundation may publish revised and/or new versions
|
|
|
850 of the General Public License from time to time. Such new versions will
|
|
|
851 be similar in spirit to the present version, but may differ in detail to
|
|
|
852 address new problems or concerns.
|
|
|
853
|
|
|
854 Each version is given a distinguishing version number. If the Program
|
|
|
855 specifies a version number of the license which applies to it and ``any
|
|
|
856 later version'', you have the option of following the terms and conditions
|
|
|
857 either of that version or of any later version published by the Free
|
|
|
858 Software Foundation. If the Program does not specify a version number of
|
|
|
859 the license, you may choose any version ever published by the Free Software
|
|
|
860 Foundation.
|
|
|
861
|
|
|
862 @item
|
|
|
863 If you wish to incorporate parts of the Program into other free
|
|
|
864 programs whose distribution conditions are different, write to the author
|
|
|
865 to ask for permission. For software which is copyrighted by the Free
|
|
|
866 Software Foundation, write to the Free Software Foundation; we sometimes
|
|
|
867 make exceptions for this. Our decision will be guided by the two goals
|
|
|
868 of preserving the free status of all derivatives of our free software and
|
|
|
869 of promoting the sharing and reuse of software generally.
|
|
|
870
|
|
|
871 @iftex
|
|
|
872 @heading NO WARRANTY
|
|
|
873 @end iftex
|
|
|
874 @ifinfo
|
|
|
875 @center NO WARRANTY
|
|
|
876 @end ifinfo
|
|
|
877
|
|
|
878 @item
|
|
|
879 BECAUSE THE PROGRAM IS LICENSED FREE OF CHARGE, THERE IS NO WARRANTY
|
|
|
880 FOR THE PROGRAM, TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW. EXCEPT WHEN
|
|
|
881 OTHERWISE STATED IN WRITING THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND/OR OTHER PARTIES
|
|
|
882 PROVIDE THE PROGRAM ``AS IS'' WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESSED
|
|
|
883 OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
|
|
|
884 MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. THE ENTIRE RISK AS
|
|
|
885 TO THE QUALITY AND PERFORMANCE OF THE PROGRAM IS WITH YOU. SHOULD THE
|
|
|
886 PROGRAM PROVE DEFECTIVE, YOU ASSUME THE COST OF ALL NECESSARY SERVICING,
|
|
|
887 REPAIR OR CORRECTION.
|
|
|
888
|
|
|
889 @item
|
|
|
890 IN NO EVENT UNLESS REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW OR AGREED TO IN WRITING WILL
|
|
|
891 ANY COPYRIGHT HOLDER, OR ANY OTHER PARTY WHO MAY MODIFY AND/OR
|
|
|
892 REDISTRIBUTE THE PROGRAM AS PERMITTED ABOVE, BE LIABLE TO YOU FOR DAMAGES,
|
|
|
893 INCLUDING ANY GENERAL, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES
|
|
|
894 ARISING OUT OF THE USE OR INABILITY TO USE THE PROGRAM (INCLUDING BUT NOT
|
|
|
895 LIMITED TO LOSS OF DATA OR DATA BEING RENDERED INACCURATE OR LOSSES
|
|
|
896 SUSTAINED BY YOU OR THIRD PARTIES OR A FAILURE OF THE PROGRAM TO OPERATE
|
|
|
897 WITH ANY OTHER PROGRAMS), EVEN IF SUCH HOLDER OR OTHER PARTY HAS BEEN
|
|
|
898 ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES.
|
|
|
899 @end enumerate
|
|
|
900
|
|
|
901 @iftex
|
|
|
902 @heading END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS
|
|
|
903 @end iftex
|
|
|
904 @ifinfo
|
|
|
905 @center END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS
|
|
|
906 @end ifinfo
|
|
|
907
|
|
|
908 @page
|
|
|
909 @unnumberedsec Appendix: How to Apply These Terms to Your New Programs
|
|
|
910
|
|
|
911 If you develop a new program, and you want it to be of the greatest
|
|
|
912 possible use to humanity, the best way to achieve this is to make it
|
|
|
913 free software which everyone can redistribute and change under these
|
|
|
914 terms.
|
|
|
915
|
|
|
916 To do so, attach the following notices to the program. It is safest to
|
|
|
917 attach them to the start of each source file to most effectively convey
|
|
|
918 the exclusion of warranty; and each file should have at least the
|
|
|
919 ``copyright'' line and a pointer to where the full notice is found.
|
|
|
920
|
|
|
921 @smallexample
|
|
|
922 @var{one line to give the program's name and a brief idea of what it does.}
|
|
|
923 Copyright (C) 19@var{yy} @var{name of author}
|
|
|
924
|
|
|
925 This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
|
|
|
926 it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
|
|
|
927 the Free Software Foundation; either version 1, or (at your option)
|
|
|
928 any later version.
|
|
|
929
|
|
|
930 This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
|
|
|
931 but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
|
|
|
932 MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
|
|
|
933 GNU General Public License for more details.
|
|
|
934
|
|
|
935 You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
|
|
|
936 along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
|
|
|
937 Foundation, Inc., 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
|
|
|
938 @end smallexample
|
|
|
939
|
|
|
940 Also add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail.
|
|
|
941
|
|
|
942 If the program is interactive, make it output a short notice like this
|
|
|
943 when it starts in an interactive mode:
|
|
|
944
|
|
|
945 @smallexample
|
|
|
946 Gnomovision version 69, Copyright (C) 19@var{yy} @var{name of author}
|
|
|
947 Gnomovision comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY; for details type `show w'.
|
|
|
948 This is free software, and you are welcome to redistribute it
|
|
|
949 under certain conditions; type `show c' for details.
|
|
|
950 @end smallexample
|
|
|
951
|
|
|
952 The hypothetical commands `show w' and `show c' should show the
|
|
|
953 appropriate parts of the General Public License. Of course, the
|
|
|
954 commands you use may be called something other than `show w' and `show
|
|
|
955 c'; they could even be mouse-clicks or menu items---whatever suits your
|
|
|
956 program.
|
|
|
957
|
|
|
958 @page
|
|
|
959 You should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or your
|
|
|
960 school, if any, to sign a ``copyright disclaimer'' for the program, if
|
|
|
961 necessary. Here a sample; alter the names:
|
|
|
962
|
|
|
963 @example
|
|
|
964 Yoyodyne, Inc., hereby disclaims all copyright interest in the
|
|
|
965 program `Gnomovision' (a program to direct compilers to make passes
|
|
|
966 at assemblers) written by James Hacker.
|
|
|
967
|
|
|
968 @var{signature of Ty Coon}, 1 April 1989
|
|
|
969 Ty Coon, President of Vice
|
|
|
970 @end example
|
|
|
971
|
|
|
972 That's all there is to it!
|
|
|
973
|
|
|
974 @comment node-name, next, previous, up
|
|
|
975 @node Distrib, Intro, License, Top
|
|
|
976 @unnumbered Distribution
|
|
|
977
|
|
|
978 XEmacs is @dfn{free}; this means that everyone is free to use it and
|
|
|
979 free to redistribute it on a free basis. XEmacs is not in the public
|
|
|
980 domain; it is copyrighted and there are restrictions on its
|
|
|
981 distribution, but these restrictions are designed to permit everything
|
|
|
982 that a good cooperating citizen would want to do. What is not allowed
|
|
|
983 is to try to prevent others from further sharing any version of XEmacs
|
|
|
984 that they might get from you. The precise conditions are found in
|
|
|
985 the GNU General Public License that comes with XEmacs and also appears
|
|
|
986 following this section.
|
|
|
987
|
|
|
988 The easiest way to get a copy of XEmacs is from someone else who has it.
|
|
|
989 You need not ask for permission to do so, or tell any one else; just copy
|
|
|
990 it.
|
|
|
991
|
|
|
992 If you have access to the Internet, you can get the latest version of
|
|
|
993 XEmacs from the anonymous FTP server @file{ftp.xemacs.org} in the directory
|
|
|
994 @file{/pub/xemacs}. It can also be found at numerous other archive
|
|
|
995 sites around the world; check the file @file{etc/DISTRIB} in an XEmacs
|
|
|
996 distribution for the latest known list.
|
|
|
997
|
|
|
998
|
|
|
999 @unnumberedsec Getting Other Versions of Emacs
|
|
|
1000
|
|
|
1001 The Free Software Foundation's version of Emacs (called @dfn{FSF Emacs}
|
|
|
1002 in this manual and often referred to as @dfn{GNU Emacs}) is available
|
|
|
1003 by anonymous FTP from @file{prep.ai.mit.edu}.
|
|
|
1004
|
|
|
1005 Win-Emacs, an older version of XEmacs that runs on Microsoft Windows
|
|
|
1006 and Windows NT, is available by anonymous FTP from @file{ftp.netcom.com}
|
|
|
1007 in the directory @file{/pub/pe/pearl}, or from @file{ftp.cica.indiana.edu}
|
|
|
1008 as the files @file{wemdemo*.zip} in the directory @file{/pub/pc/win3/demo}.
|
|
|
1009
|
|
|
1010 @node Intro, Glossary, Distrib, Top
|
|
|
1011 @unnumbered Introduction
|
|
|
1012
|
|
|
1013 You are reading about XEmacs, an incarnation of the advanced,
|
|
|
1014 self-documenting, customizable, extensible real-time display editor
|
|
|
1015 Emacs. XEmacs provides many powerful display and user-interface
|
|
|
1016 capabilities not found in other Emacsen and is mostly upwardly
|
|
|
1017 compatible with GNU Emacs from the Free Software Foundation
|
|
|
1018 (referred to as @dfn{FSF Emacs} in this manual). XEmacs also
|
|
|
1019 comes standard with a great number of useful packages.
|
|
|
1020
|
|
|
1021 We say that XEmacs is a @dfn{display} editor because normally the text
|
|
|
1022 being edited is visible on the screen and is updated automatically as you
|
|
|
1023 type. @xref{Frame,Display}.
|
|
|
1024
|
|
|
1025 We call XEmacs a @dfn{real-time} editor because the display is updated very
|
|
|
1026 frequently, usually after each character or pair of characters you
|
|
|
1027 type. This minimizes the amount of information you must keep in your
|
|
|
1028 head as you edit. @xref{Basic,Real-time,Basic Editing}.
|
|
|
1029
|
|
|
1030 We call XEmacs advanced because it provides facilities that go beyond
|
|
|
1031 simple insertion and deletion: filling of text; automatic indentation of
|
|
|
1032 programs; viewing two or more files at once; and dealing in terms of
|
|
|
1033 characters, words, lines, sentences, paragraphs, and pages, as well as
|
|
|
1034 expressions and comments in several different programming languages. It is
|
|
|
1035 much easier to type one command meaning ``go to the end of the paragraph''
|
|
|
1036 than to find that spot with simple cursor keys.
|
|
|
1037
|
|
|
1038 @dfn{Self-documenting} means that at any time you can type a special
|
|
|
1039 character, @kbd{Control-h}, to find out what your options are. You can
|
|
|
1040 also use @kbd{C-h} to find out what a command does, or to find all the
|
|
|
1041 commands relevant to a topic. @xref{Help}.
|
|
|
1042
|
|
|
1043 @dfn{Customizable} means you can change the definitions of XEmacs
|
|
|
1044 commands. For example, if you use a programming language in
|
|
|
1045 which comments start with @samp{<**} and end with @samp{**>}, you can tell
|
|
|
1046 the XEmacs comment manipulation commands to use those strings
|
|
|
1047 (@pxref{Comments}). Another sort of customization is rearrangement of the
|
|
|
1048 command set. For example, you can set up the four basic cursor motion
|
|
|
1049 commands (up, down, left and right) on keys in a diamond pattern on the
|
|
|
1050 keyboard if you prefer. @xref{Customization}.
|
|
|
1051
|
|
|
1052 @dfn{Extensible} means you can go beyond simple customization and
|
|
|
1053 write entirely new commands, programs in the Lisp language to be run by
|
|
|
1054 XEmacs's own Lisp interpreter. XEmacs is an ``on-line extensible''
|
|
|
1055 system: it is divided into many functions that call each other. You can
|
|
|
1056 redefine any function in the middle of an editing session and replace
|
|
|
1057 any part of XEmacs without making a separate copy of all of XEmacs. Most
|
|
|
1058 of the editing commands of XEmacs are written in Lisp; the few
|
|
|
1059 exceptions could have been written in Lisp but are written in C for
|
|
|
1060 efficiency. Only a programmer can write an extension to XEmacs, but anybody
|
|
|
1061 can use it afterward.
|
|
|
1062
|
|
|
1063 @include frame.texi
|
|
|
1064 @include keystrokes.texi
|
|
|
1065 @include menus.texi
|
|
|
1066 @include entering.texi
|
|
|
1067 @include cmdargs.texi
|
|
|
1068 @include startup.texi
|
|
|
1069 @include basic.texi
|
|
|
1070 @include undo.texi
|
|
|
1071 @include mini.texi
|
|
|
1072 @include m-x.texi
|
|
|
1073 @include help.texi
|
|
|
1074 @include mark.texi
|
|
|
1075 @include mouse.texi
|
|
|
1076 @include killing.texi
|
|
|
1077 @include regs.texi
|
|
|
1078 @include display.texi
|
|
|
1079 @include search.texi
|
|
|
1080 @include fixit.texi
|
|
|
1081 @include files.texi
|
|
|
1082 @include buffers.texi
|
|
|
1083 @include windows.texi
|
|
|
1084 @include mule.texi
|
|
|
1085 @include major.texi
|
|
|
1086 @include indent.texi
|
|
|
1087 @include text.texi
|
|
|
1088 @include programs.texi
|
|
|
1089 @include building.texi
|
|
|
1090 @include packages.texi
|
|
|
1091 @include abbrevs.texi
|
|
|
1092 @include picture.texi
|
|
|
1093 @include sending.texi
|
|
|
1094 @include reading.texi
|
|
|
1095 @include calendar.texi
|
|
|
1096 @include misc.texi
|
|
|
1097 @include custom.texi
|
|
|
1098 @include trouble.texi
|
|
|
1099
|
|
|
1100 @include new.texi
|
|
|
1101 @include glossary.texi
|
|
|
1102 @include gnu.texi
|
|
|
1103
|
|
|
1104 @node Key Index, Command Index, Manifesto, Top
|
|
|
1105 @unnumbered Key (Character) Index
|
|
|
1106 @printindex ky
|
|
|
1107
|
|
|
1108 @node Command Index, Variable Index, Key Index, Top
|
|
|
1109 @unnumbered Command and Function Index
|
|
|
1110 @printindex fn
|
|
|
1111
|
|
|
1112 @node Variable Index, Concept Index, Command Index, Top
|
|
|
1113 @unnumbered Variable Index
|
|
|
1114 @printindex vr
|
|
|
1115
|
|
|
1116 @node Concept Index, Frame, Variable Index, Top
|
|
|
1117 @unnumbered Concept Index
|
|
|
1118 @printindex cp
|
|
|
1119
|
|
|
1120 @summarycontents
|
|
|
1121 @contents
|
|
|
1122 @bye
|
|
|
1123
|
|
|
1124
|
|
|
1125 @c Remember to delete these lines before creating the info file.
|
|
|
1126 @iftex
|
|
|
1127 @lucidbook
|
|
|
1128 @bindingoffset = 0.5in
|
|
|
1129 @parindent = 0pt
|
|
|
1130 @end iftex
|
