annotate etc/TUTORIAL.es @ 5759:40464b048e7e

Added tag r21-5-34 for changeset 6c2aa9851f5e
author Stephen J. Turnbull <stephen@xemacs.org>
date Tue, 27 Aug 2013 01:33:07 +0900
parents 943eaba38521
children
Ignore whitespace changes - Everywhere: Within whitespace: At end of lines:
rev   line source
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1 Copyright (c) 1985 Free Software Foundation, Inc; Vea al final las
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2 condiciones. Usted está viendo el tutorial de Emacs.
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3
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4 Los comandos de Emacs generalmente ivolucran a la tecla CONTROL (algunas
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5 veces llamada CTRL O CTL) o la tecla meta algunas veces llamada (EDIT o
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6 ALT). En lugar de escribir esto completamente en cada ocasión, usaremos
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7 las siguientes abreviaciones.
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8
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9 C-<chr> significa mantener presionada la tecla CONTROL mientras digita el
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10 caracter <chr>. Por lo tanto C-f será: Mantenga presionada la
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11 tecla CONTROL y digite f.
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12 M-<chr> significa mantega presionada la tecla META o EDIT o ALT mientras
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13 digita <chr>. Si no hay teclas META, EDIT o ALT, en su lugar
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14 presione y libere la tecla <esc> y luego digite <CHR>.
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15 Escribimos <ESC> para la tecla ESC.
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16
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17 Nota importante: para finalizar la sesión de Emacs presione C-x C-c.
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18 (dos caracteres.) los caracteres ">>" al margen izquierdo indican
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19 instrucciones para que usted trate de usar un comando. Por ejemplo:
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20 <<Blank lines inserted here by startup of help-with-tutorial>>
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21 >> Ahora digite C-v (ver la proxima pantalla) para desplazarse a la
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22 siguiente pantalla (hágalo manteniendo la tecla control oprimida
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23 mientras digita v).
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24 Desde ahora usted deberia hacer esto cada vez que termine de
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25 leer la pantalla
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26
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27 Note que se sobrelapan dos líneas cuando usted se mueve de pantalla en
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28 pantalla; esto proveé una continuidad para que pueda seguir leyendo el
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29 texto.
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30
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31 La primera cosa que necesita saber es como moverse de un lugar a otro en
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32 el texto. Usted ya sabe como adelantar una pantalla con C-v. Para mover
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33 atras una pantalla oprima M-v (mantega oprimida la tecla META y digite v,
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34 o presione <ESC>v si no tiene las teclas META, EDIT o ALT).
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35
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36 >> Intente oprimir M-v y luego C-v, varias veces.
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37
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38 * RESUMEN
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39 ---------
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40
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41 Los siguentes comandos son útiles para ver pantallas completas:
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42
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43 C-v Avanzar una pantalla completa
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44 M-v Retroceder una pantalla completa
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45 C-l Limpiar la pantalla y mostrar todo el texto de nuevo,
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46 moviendo el texto alrededor del cursor al centro de la
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47 pantalla (Esto es control-L, no control-1.)
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48
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49 >> Encuentre el cursor,y note cual texto está cerca a este.
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50 Luego oprima C-l.
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51 Encuentre el cursor otra vez y note que el mismo texto está cerca al
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52 cursor ahora.
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53
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54 * MOVIMIENTO BÁSICO DE CURSOR
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55 -----------------------------
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56
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57 Moverse de una pantalla completa a otra es útil, pero cómo moverse a
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58 un lugar específico dentro del texto en la pantalla?
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59
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60 Hay varias formas para que pueda hacerlo. La forma más básica es usar los
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61 comandos C-p, C-b, C-f, y C-n. Cada uno de estos comandos mueve el cursor
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62 una fila o columna en una dirección particular en la pantalla.
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63 Aquí hay una tabla mostrando estos cuatro comandos y las direcciones en
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64 que ellos mueven
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65
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66 Línea Anterior, C-P
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67 :
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68 :
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69 Atrás, C-b.... Posición actual del cursor .... Adelante, C-f
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70 :
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71 :
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72 Línea siguiente, C-n
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73
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74 >> Mueva el cursor a la línea en la mitad del diagrama
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75 usando C-n o C-p. Luego presione C-l para ver el
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76 diagrama completo centrado en la pantalla.
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77
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78 Usted probablemente encontrará fácil recordarlos mediante las letras
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79 P de Previous (anterior), N de Next (siguiente), B de Backward (atrás)
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80 y F de Forward (adelante).
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81 Estos son los comandos básicos de posicionamiento del cursor y estará
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82 usándolos TODO el tiempo, serán de gran beneficio si los aprende a usar
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83 ahora.
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84
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85 >> Presione unas veces C-n para traer el cursor a esta línea.
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86
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87 >> Muévase en la línea con C-f y hacia arriba con C-p.
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88 Observe lo que hace C-p cuando el cursor está en la mitad de la línea.
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89
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90 Cada línea de texto termina con un caracter de nueva línea, esto sirve
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91 para separarla de la siguiente línea. La última línea en su archivo debe
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92 tener una nueva línea al final (pero Emacs no requiere que esta lo tenga).
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93
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94 >> Intente usar C-b al comienzo de una línea. Debería moverse al
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95 final de la línea previa. Esto es porque retrocede antes del caracter
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96 de nueva línea.
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97
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98 C-f puede moverse por una nueva línea justo como C-b.
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99
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100 >> Presione algunas C-b más para que entienda donde se encuentra el cursor.
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101 Luego presione C-f para retornar al final de la línea.
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102 Al final presione una vez mas C-f para moverse a la siguiente línea.
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103
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104 Cuando pase el tope o el final de la pantalla, el texto más alla del borde
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105 de la pantalla se mostrará. Esto es llamado "desplazamiento" Esto le
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106 permite a Emacs mover el cursor al lugar especificado en el texto sin
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107 moverlo fuera de la pantalla.
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108
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109 >> Intente mover el cursor fuera del borde de la pantalla con C-n y
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110 observe qué pasa.
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111
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112 Si moverse por caracteres es muy lento, se puede mover por palabras. M-f
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113 (META-F) mueve adelante una palabra y M-b mueva atrás una palabra.
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114
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115 >> Oprima unas veces M-f y M-b
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116
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117 Cuando está en la mitad de una palabra, M-f mueve al final de la palabra.
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118 Cuando está en un espacio entre dos palabras, M-f mueve al final de la
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119 siguiente palabra. M-b trabaja de la misma forma en la dirección opuesta.
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120
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121 >> Oprima unas veces M-f y M-b, intercale con C-f y C-b de tal forma que
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122 observe la acción de M-f y M-b desde varios sitios dentro y entre
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123 palabras.
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124
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125 Note el paralelo entre C-f y C-b de un lado y M-f y M-b del otro.
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126 Muy frecuentemente los caracteres Meta son usados para operaciones
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127 relacionadas, con las unidaes definidas por el lenguaje
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128 (palabras, oraciones y parrafos), mientras los caracteres Control operan
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129 sobre unidades que son independientes de lo que usted está
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130 editando (caracteres, líneas, etc).
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131
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132 Este paralelo se aplica entre líneas y oraciones: C-a y C-e para moverse
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133 al comienzo o al final de la línea; y M-a y M-e para mover al comienzo o
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134 al final de una oración.
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135
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136 >> Intente unas veces C-a, y a continuación C-e.
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137 >> Intente unos M-a, y otros M-e.
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138
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139 Mire cómo la repeticion de C-a no hace nada, pero la repeticion de M-a
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140 sigue moviendo una oración adelante, aunque no son muy análogas, cada una
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141 parece natural.
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142
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143 La localización del cursor en el texto es también llamada "punto", en
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144 otras palabras el cursor muestra sobre la pantalla donde esta el punto
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145 localizado dentro del texto.
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146
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147 Aquí hay un resumen de operaciones simples del movimiento del cursor,
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148 incluyendo los comandos de movimiento en oracion y palabra:
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149
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150 C-f Moverse adelante un caracter
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151 C-d Moverse atrás un caracter
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152
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153 M-f Moverse adelante una palabra
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154 M-b Moverse atrás una palabra
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155
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156 C-n Moverse a la línea siguiente
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157 C-p Moverse a la línea anterior
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158
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159 C-a Moverse al comienzo de la línea
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160 C-e Moverse al final de la línea
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161
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162 M-a Moverse al comienzo de la oración
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163 M-e Moverse al final de la oración
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164
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165 >> Pruebe todos estos comandos unas veces para practicar.
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166 Estos comandos son los usados más frecuentemente.
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167
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168 Otros dos comandos de movimiento del cursor importantes son M-< (Meta
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169 Menor que), el cual se mueve al comienzo del texto entero, y M->( Meta
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170 Mayor que), el cual se mueve al final del texto entero.
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171
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172 En la mayoría de terminales, el "<" está sobre la coma, por lo tanto usted
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173 puede usar la tecla shift para generarlo. En estas terminales usted podrá
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174 usar la tecla shift también al teclear M-<; sin la tecla shift, usted
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175 estaría escribiendo M-coma.
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176
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177 >> Ahora pruebe M-<, para moverse al comienzo del tutorial.
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178 A continuación use C-v repetidamente para regresar aquí.
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179
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180 >> Ahora pruebe M->, para moverse el final del tutorial.
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181 Después use M-v repetidamente para regresar aquí.
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182
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183 También puede mover el cursor con las teclas de la flecha si su
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184 terminal tiene teclas de flecha. Recomendamos aprender C-b, C-f,
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185 C-n y C-p por tres razones. Primero, ellos funcionan en todo tipo de
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186 terminales. Segundo, una vez usted gane práctica usando Emacs, usted
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187 encontrará que teclear estos caracteres Control es más rápido que
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188 usar teclas de flecha ( porque no tendrá que retirar sus manos de
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189 la posición para teclear). Tercero, una vez tenga el hábito de usar
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190 estos comandos Control, también puede aprender fácilmente a usar otros
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191 comandos avanzados de movimiento de cursor.
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192
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193 La mayoría de comandos de Emacs aceptan un argumento númerico; para
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194 la mayoría de comandos esto sirve como un factor de repetición. La manera que
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195 a un comando usted da un factor de repetición es tecleando C-u y luego los
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196 dígitos antes de introducir los comandos. Si usted tiene una tecla META
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197 ( o EDIT o ALT), hay una manera alternativa para ingresar un argumento
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198 númerico: teclear los dígitos mientras presiona la tecla META.
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199 Recomendamos aprender el método C-u porque este funciona en cualquier terminal.
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200 El argumento númerico es también llamado un "argumento prefijo", porque usted
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201 teclea el argumento antes del comando al que se aplica.
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202
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203 Por ejemplo, C-u 8 C-f mueve hacia adelante ocho caracteres.
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204
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205 >> Pruebe usar C-n o C-p con un argumento númerico, para mover el cursor
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206 a una línea cerca a esta con solo un comando.
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207
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208 La mayoría de comandos usan argumentos numéricos como un factor de repetición,
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209 pero algunos comandos lo usan de otra forma. Varios comandos (pero ninguno
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210 de los que ha aprendido hasta ahora) usan esto como una marca -- la
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211 presencia de un argumento prefijo, sin tener en cuenta su valor, hace
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212 que el comando actúe de forma diferente.
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213
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214 C-v y M-v son otro tipo de excepción. Cuando se les da un argumento,
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215 ellos desplazan la pantalla arriba o abajo esa cantidad de líneas, en vez
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216 de una pantalla completa. Por ejemplo, C-u 8 C-v desplaza la pantalla 8
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217 líneas.
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218
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219 >> Pruebe tecleando C-u 8 C-v ahora.
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220
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221 Este debió haber desplazado la pantalla hacia arriba 8 líneas.
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222 Si usted quisiera desplazarla hacia abajo de nuevo, usted puede dar un
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223 argumento a M-v.
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224
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225 Si usted esta usando X Window, debe haber una área rectangular larga
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226 llamada una barra de desplazamiento al lado izquierdo de la ventana de
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227 Emacs. Usted puede desplazar el texto al oprimir el boton del mouse en la
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228 barra de desplazamiento.
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229
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230 >> Pruebe presionando el botón del medio en la parte superior del area
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231 resaltada en la barra de desplazamiento. Este debe desplazar el texto a
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232 una posición determinada por cuán alto o bajo oprima el botón.
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233
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234 >> Intente mover el mouse arriba y abajo, mientras mantiene el botón el
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235 medio presionado. Usted verá que el texto se desplaza arriba y abajo
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236 a medida que mueve el mouse.
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237
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238
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239
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240 * CUANDO EMACS ESTÁ BLOQUEADO
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241 -----------------------------
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242
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243 Si Emacs deja de responder a sus comandos, usted puede detenerlo con
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
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244 seguridad al teclear C-g. Puede usar C-g para detener un comando
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245 que está tomando mucho tiempo para ejecutarse.
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246
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ben
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247 También puede usar C-g para descartar un argumento númerico o el comienzo
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248 de un comando que usted no quiere finalizar.
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249
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250 >> Escriba C-u 100 para hacer un argumento númerico de 100, entonces
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251 pruebe C-g. Ahora pruebe C-f. Esto deberá mover sólo un caracter, ya
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
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252 que usted canceló el argumento con C-g.
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253
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254 Si usted ha digitado <ESC> por error, usted puede desecharlo con un C-g.
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255
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256
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257 * COMANDOS DESACTIVADOS
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258 -----------------------
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259
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260 Algunos comandos de Emacs son "desactivados" de manera que los usuarios
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261 principiantes no puedan usarlos por accidente.
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262
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263 Si usted prueba uno de los comandos desactivados, Emacs muestra un mensaje
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264 informando cuál comando era, y preguntándole si usted quiere continuar y
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265 ejecutar el comando.
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266
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267 Si usted realmente quiere intentar el comando, oprima espacio como repuesta
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268 a la pregunta. Normalmente, si usted no quiere ejecutar el comando
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269 desactivado, conteste la pregunta con "n".
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270
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271 >> Escriba C-x C-1 (que es un comando desactivado), a continuación escriba
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272 n para responder la pregunta.
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273
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274
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275 * VENTANAS
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276 ----------
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277
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278 Emacs puede tener varias ventanas, cada una mostrando su propio texto.
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279 Explicaremos después como usar múltiples ventanas. Ahora queremos
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280 explicar cómo deshacerse de ventanas adicionales y volver a la edición
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281 básica en una ventana. Es sencillo:
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282
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283 C-x 1 Una ventana (i.e., elimina todas las otras ventanas).
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284
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285 Esto es Control x seguido por el digito 1. C-x 1 expande la ventana que
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286 contiene el cursor, para ocupar toda la pantalla. Esto borra todas las
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287 otras ventanas.
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288
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289 >> Mueva el cursor a esta línea y escriba C-u 0 C-l.
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290 >> Escriba Control-h k Control-f.
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diff changeset
291 Mire como esta ventana se encoge, mientras una nueva aparece y
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
292 muestra documentacion sobre el comando Control-f.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
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293
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
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294 >> Escriba C-x 1 y vea la ventana de listado de documentación desaparecer.
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ben
parents:
diff changeset
295
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
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296 Este comando es diferente a los otros comandos que usted ha aprendido en
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
297 que este consiste de dos caracteres. Este comienza con el caracter Control-x.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
298 Hay toda una serie de comandos que comienzan con Control-x; muchos de
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
299 ellos tienen que ver con ventanas, archivos, buffers y cosas
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
300 relacionadas. Estos comandos son de una longitud de dos, tres o cuatro
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
301 caracteres.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
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302
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
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303 * INSERTANDO Y BORRANDO
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
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304 -----------------------
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
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305
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
306 Si usted quiere insertar un texto sólo escribalo. Los caracters que
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
307 usted puede ver, tales como A, 7, *, etc. Son tomados por Emacs como texto
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
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308 e insertados inmediatamente. Oprima <Return> (la tecla Enter) para
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
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diff changeset
309 insertar un caracter de nueva línea.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
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310
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
311 Usted puede borrar el último caracter que escribió oprimiendo <Delete>.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
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diff changeset
312 <Delete> es una tecla, que puede estar marcada como "Del". En algunos
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
313 casos la tecla "Backspace" sirve como <Delete>, ¡pero no siempre!
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
314
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
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315 Generalmente <Delete> borra el caracter inmediatamente anterior a la
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
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316 posición actual del cursor.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
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317
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
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318 >> Haga esto ahora -- Teclee unos pocos caracteres, y bórrelos con
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
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319 la tecla <Delete>. No se preocupe si este archivo cambia, no alterará
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
320 el tutorial principal. Esta es su copia personal.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
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321
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
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322 Cuando una línea de texto se hace muy grande para una sola línea en la
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
323 pantalla, la línea de texto es "continuada" en una segunda línea. Un
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
324 backslash ("\") en el margen derecho indica que la línea ha sido
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
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325 continuada.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
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326
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
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327 >> Inserte texto hasta que llegue al margen derecho, y siga insertando.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
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328 Verá a continuación aparecer una línea.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
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329
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
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330 >> Use <Delete> para borrar el texto hasta que la línea de nuevo quepa
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
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331 en la pantalla. La línea de continuación se pierde.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
332
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
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333 Puede borrar un caracter de Nueva línea justo como cualquier otro
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
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334 caracter. Al borrar un caracter de Nueva línea entre dos líneas
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
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335 las combina en una sola. Si el resultado de la combinación de líneas es
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
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336 demasiado largo para caber en el ancho de la pantalla, será mostrada
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
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337 una línea de continuación.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
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338
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
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339 >> Mueva el cursor al comienzo de una línea y oprima <Delete>. Esto
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
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340 unirá esta línea con la anterior.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
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341
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
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342 >> Oprima <Return> para reinsertar la nueva línea que borró.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
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343
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
344 Recuerde que a la mayoría de los comandos de Emacs se les puede dar un
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
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diff changeset
345 factor de repetición, esto incluye caracteres de texto. Repetir un
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
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diff changeset
346 caracter de texto lo inserta varias veces.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
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347
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
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348 >> Ahora trate esto -- teclee C-u 8 * para insertar ********.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
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349
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
350 Usted ha aprendido la manera más básica de teclear algo en Emacs
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
351 y corregir errores. Puede borrar por palabras o por líneas. Este es un
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
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352 resumen de las operaciones de borrado:
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
353
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
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diff changeset
354 <Delete> borra el caracter justo antes que el cursor
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
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355 C-d borra el siguiente caracter después del cursor
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
356
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
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357 M-<Delete> Elimina la palabra inmediatamente antes del cursor
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
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358 M-d Elimina la siguiente palabra antes del cursor
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
359
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
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diff changeset
360 C-k Elimina desde el cursor hasta el fin de la línea
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
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diff changeset
361 M-k Elimina hasta el final de la oración actual.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
362
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
363 Note que <Delete> y C-d contra M-<Delete> y M-d extienden el paralelo
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
364 iniciado por C-f y M-f (bien, <Delete> no es realmente una tecla de
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
365 control, pero no nos preocuparemos ahora por eso). C-k y M-k son como
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
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diff changeset
366 C-e y M-e, en ciertas forma, en que las líneas son oraciones opuestas.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
367
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
368 También puede eliminar cualquier parte del buffer con un método uniforme.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
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diff changeset
369 Muevase a un extremo de esa parte, y digite C-@ o C-SPC (cualquiera de
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
370 los dos). Muévase al extremo de esa parte y teclee
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
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diff changeset
371 C-w. Eso elimina todo el texto entre las dos posiciones.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
372
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
373 >> Mueva el cursor a la letra T al inicio del párrafo anterior.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
374 >> Teclee C-SPC. Emacs debe mostrar el mensaje "Mark set" en la parte de
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
375 abajo de la pantalla.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
376 >> Mueva el cursor a la x en "extremo", en la segunda línea del parrafo.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
377 >> Teclee C-w. Esto eliminará el texto que comienza desde la T, y
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
378 termina justo antes de la x.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
379
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
380 Cuando usted borra más de un caracter a la vez, Emacs salva el texto
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
381 borrado de manera que usted lo puede recuperar. Recuperar el texto se
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
382 llamará "yanking". Usted puede recuperar el texto eliminado en el
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
383 lugar donde fue eliminado, o en otro lugar en el texto. Usted puede
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
384 recuperar el texto varias veces para hacer múltiples copias de este. El
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
385 comando para recuperar es C-y.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
386
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
387 Note la diferencia entre "Eliminar" y "Borrar" las cosas que "elimina"
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
388 pueden ser recuperadas y las que "borra" no. Generalmente,
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
389 los comandos que pueden remover mucho texto lo salvan, mientras los
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
390 comandos que borran sólo un caracter, o líneas y espacios, no salvan el
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
391 texto borrado.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
392
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
393 >> Mueva el cursor al comienzo de una línea que no esté desocupada. Luego
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
394 digite C-k para eliminar el texto de esa línea.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
395 >> Oprima C-k por segunda vez. Usted verá que elimina la nueva
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
396 línea que sigue a esa.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
397
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
398 Note que al oprimir C-k una sola vez elimina el contenido de la línea , y
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
399 un segundo C-k elimina la línea misma, y hace que todas las otras líneas
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
400 se muevan hacia arriba. C-k trata un argumento numérico especialmente:
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
401 Elimina ese número de líneas y sus contenidos. Esto no es una simple
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
402 repetición. C-u 2 C-k elimina dos líneas y sus nuevas líneas, tecleando
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
403 C-k dos veces no hace esto.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
404
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
405 Para recuperar el último texto eliminado y ponerlo donde el cursor
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
406 actualmente está, oprima C-y
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
407
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
408 >>Inténtelo; oprima C-y para recuperar el texto.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
409
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
410 Piense en C-y como si estuviera recuperando algo que alguien le quitó. Note
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
411 que si usted hace varias C-k seguidas, todo lo que ha sido eliminado del
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
412 texto se salva junto, de manera que un C-y recuperará todas las líneas.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
413
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
414 >>Haga esto ahora, oprima C-k varias veces.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
415
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
416 Ahora para recuperar ese texto eliminado:
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
417
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
418 >> Teclee C-y. Entonces baje el cursor unas pocas líneas y oprima C-y de
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
419 nuevo. Ahora sabe como copiar un texto.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
420
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
421 Qué hacer si usted tiene algún texto que quiere recuperar, pero elimina
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
422 otro antes de recuperarlo? C-y recuperaría la eliminación más reciente,
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
423 pero el texto previo no está perdido. Puede regresar a éste usando el
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
424 comando M-y. Después de haber tecleado C-y para conseguir la eliminación
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
425 más reciente, escribiendo M-y reemplaza el texto recuperado con la
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
426 eliminación previa. Tecleando M-y una y otra vez traerá las
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
427 eliminaciones anteriores. Cuando usted ha encontrado el texto que
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
428 buscaba, usted no tiene que hacer nada para conservarlo.Sólo siga con
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
429 su edición, dejando el texto recuperado donde está.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
430
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
431 Si usted digita M-y suficientes veces, usted regresa al punto inicial
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
432 (la eliminación más reciente)
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
433
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
434 >> Elimine una línea muévase, elimine otra línea.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
435 Luego oprima C-y para recuperar la segunda línea eliminada.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
436 Entonces oprima M-y, y será reemplazada por la primera línea eliminada.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
437 Oprima más veces M-y y vea lo que sucede. Siga haciéndolo hasta que la
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
438 segunda línea eliminada regrese, y entonces unas pocas más. Si usted
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
439 quiere, puede tratar de darle a M-y argumentos positivos y negativos.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
440
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
441
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
442 * DESHACER
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
443 ----------
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
444
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
445 Si hace un cambio al texto, y luego decide que fue un error,
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
446 puede deshacer el cambio con el comando deshacer C-x u.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
447
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
448 Normalmente, C-x u deshace los cambios hechos por un comando; si repite
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
449 varias veces seguidas C-x u, cada repetición deshará un comando
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
450 adicional.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
451
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
452 Pero hay dos excepciones: comandos que no cambian el texto no cuentan
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
453 (esto incluye los comandos de movimiento del cursor y el comando de
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
454 desplazamiento), y los caracteres de autoinserción son usualmente manejados
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
455 en grupos de hasta 20 (estos es para reducir el numero de C-x u que tiene que
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
456 realizar para deshacer una inserción en el texto).
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
457
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
458 >> Elimine esta línea con C-k, después C-x u debería reaparecerla.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
459
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
460 C-_ es un comando alterno para deshacer, este trabaja igual que C-x u,
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
461 pero es más facil de usar varias veces seguidas. La desventaja
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
462 de C-_ es que en algunos teclados no es obvio como se genera. Por esto
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
463 proveemos C-x u también. En algunas terminales, usted puede oprimir C-_
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
464 al digitar / mientras oprime CONTROL.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
465
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
466 Un argumento numérico para C-_ o C-x u actúa como un factor de repetición.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
467
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
468
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
469 * ARCHIVOS
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
470 ----------
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
471
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
472 Para hacer permanente el texto que edite, lo debe colocar en un
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
473 archivo. De otra manera, este se se perderá cuando cierre Emacs.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
474 Para poder poner su texto en un archivo, usted debe "encontrar" el
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
475 archivo antes de ingresar el texto (esto también es llamado "visitar"
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
476 el archivo.)
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
477
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
478 Encontrar un archivo significa que usted puede observar su contenido
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
479 dentro de Emacs. Esto de cierta forma, es como si usted estuviera editando
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
480 el archivo. Aunque los cambios que usted haga usando Emacs no serán
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
481 permanentes hasta que "salve" el archivo. Esto es para no dejar un archivo
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
482 a medio cambiar en el sistema cuando usted no quiere. Incluso cuando
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
483 usted salve, Emacs dejará el archivo original bajo un nombre cambiado en
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
484 caso de que luego usted decida que sus cambios fueron un error.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
485
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
486 Si mira cerca del final de la pantalla podrá ver una línea que
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
487 comienza y termina con guiones, y comienza con "--:-- TUTORIAL" o algo
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
488 así. Esta parte de la pantalla normalmente muestra el nombre del archivo
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
489 que está visitando. En este momento usted está visitando un archivo
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
490 llamado "TUTORIAL" que es su borrador personal del tutorial de Emacs. Cuando
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
491 encuentre un archivo con Emacs, el nombre del archivo aparecerá en ese
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
492 mismo sitio.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
493
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
494 Una cosa especial acerca del comando para encontrar un archivo, es que
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
495 usted tendrá que decir cual archivo desea. Decimos que el comando
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
496 "lee un argumento desde la terminal" (en este caso, el argumento es
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
497 el nombre del archivo). Despues de generar el comando:
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
498
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
499 C-x C-f Encontrar un archivo
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
500
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
501 Emacs le pide que digite el nombre del archivo. El nombre de archivo que
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
502 digite aparecerá en la línea final de la pantalla. A la línea final de la
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
503 pantalla se le denomina minibuffer cuando es usada para este tipo de entradas.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
504 Puede usar comandos de edición ordinarios de Emacs para editar el nombre
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
505 del archivo.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
506
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
507 Cuando está ingresando el nombre del archivo (o cualquier otra
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
508 información al minibuffer) usted puede cancelar el comando con C-g.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
509
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
510 >> Oprima C-x C-f, luego oprima C-g. Esto cancela el minibuffer y
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
511 también cancela el comando C-x C-f que estaba usando el
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
512 minibuffer. Así que no encontrará archivo alguno.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
513
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
514 Cuando usted haya finalizado de ingresar el nombre del archivo, oprima
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
515 <Return> para terminarlo. Entonces el comando C-x C-f trabaja y encuentra
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
516 el archivo que usted escogió. El minibuffer desaparece cuando el comando
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
517 C-x C-f termina.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
518
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
519 Después aparece el contenido del archivo en la pantalla y usted puede editarlo.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
520 Cuando quiera hacer cambios permanentes, teclee el comando
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
521
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
522 C-x C-s Salvar el archivo
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
523
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
524 Este copia el texto de Emacs al archivo. La primera vez que usted haga
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
525 esto, Emacs renombrará el archivo original con un nuevo nombre para que
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
526 este no se pierda. El nuevo nombre se obtendrá adicionándo "~"
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
527 al final del nombre del archivo original.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
528
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
529 Cuando la operación de salvar haya terminado, Emacs mostrará el
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
530 nombre del archivo escrito. Usted debería salvar frecuentemente, para que
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
531 no pierda mucho trabajo si el sistema deja de funcionar.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
532
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
533 >> Presione C-x C-s, salvando la copia del tutorial. Esto debería
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
534 imprimir "Wrote...TUTORIAL" al final de la pantalla.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
535
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
536 NOTA: En algunos sistemas, oprimir C-x C-s dejará inmóvil la pantalla y
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
537 usted no podrá ver más respuesta de Emacs. Esto indica que una
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
538 "característica" del sistema operativo llamada ''control de flujo''
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
539 está interceptando el comando C-s y no permitiéndole llegar a Emacs.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
540 Para descongelar la pantalla, presione C-q. Entonces consulte la sección
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
541 "entrada espontánea para búsqueda incremental'' en el manual de
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
542 Emacs para encontrar información de cómo tratar con esta "característica".
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
543
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
544 Usted puede encontrar un archivo existente para verlo o editarlo,
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
545 también puede hacerlo con un archivo que no existe. Esta es la forma
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
546 de crear un archivo en Emacs: encuentre el archivo, comenzará vacio, luego
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
547 comience a introducir el texto al archivo. Cuando invoque "salvar" el archivo,
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
548 Emacs creará realmente el archivo con el texto que introdujo. Desde ahí,
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
549 usted puede considerarse estar editando un archivo existente.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
550
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
551
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
552 * BUFFERS
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
553 ---------
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
554
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
555 Si visita un segundo archivo con C-x C-f, el primer archivo permanece en
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
556 Emacs. Usted puede volver al primer encontrándolo de nuevo con C-x C-f. De
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
557 esta forma usted puede mantener un gran número de archivos en Emacs.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
558
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
559 >> Cree un archivo llamado "foo" presionando C-x C-f foo <Return>
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
560 luego inserte algún texto, edítelo, y salve "foo" presionando C-x
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
561 C-s. Finalmente presione C-x C-f TUTORIAL <Return> para regresar al
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
562 tutorial.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
563
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
564 Emacs almacena cada archivo de texto dentro de un objeto llamado
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
565 "buffer". Al encontrar un archivo se crea un nuevo buffer dentro de
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
566 Emacs. Para mirar la lista de los buffers que existen actualmente en
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
567 su sesión de Emacs, presione:
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
568
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
569 C-x C-b Lista de Buffers
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
570
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
571 >> Intente ahora C-x C-b.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
572
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
573 Mire como cada buffer tiene un nombre, y ademas puede tener un nombre de
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
574 archivo para el archivo que contiene. Algunos Buffers no corresponden a
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
575 archivos; por ejemplo, el buffer llamado "*Buffer List*" no tiene ningún
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
576 archivo. Este es el buffer que tiene la lista de buffers que fue creado
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
577 por C-x C-b. CUALQUIER archivo de texto que vea en una ventana de Emacs,
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
578 es siempre parte de algún Buffer.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
579
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
580 >> Presione C-x 1 para deshacerse de la lista de buffers.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
581
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
582 Si usted hace cambios al texto de un archivo, y luego encuentra otro
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
583 archivo, esto no salva el primer archivo. Estos cambios permanecerán
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
584 dentro de Emacs en el buffer del archivo. La creación o edición del
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
585 segundo buffer de archivo no afecta al primero. Esto es muy útil pero
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
586 significa que necesita una forma conveniente para salvar el archivo del
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
587 primer buffer. Sería una molestia tener que volver a este con C-x
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
588 C-f para salvarlo con C-x C-s así que tenemos
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
589
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
590 C-x s Guardar algunos buffers
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
591
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
592 C-x s le pregunta sobre cada buffer que contenga cambios que usted no
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
593 ha salvado. Le pregunta por cada buffer si salvarlo o no.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
594
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
595 >> Inserte una línea de texto, y teclee C-x s.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
596 Esto debería preguntarle si desea salvar el buffer llamado TUTORIAL.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
597 Conteste si a la pregunta presionando "y".
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
598
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
599 * EXTENDIENDO EL CONJUNTO DE COMANDOS
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
600 -------------------------------------
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
601
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
602 Hay muchísimos más comandos de Emacs que podrían ser posiblemente
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
603 puestos en todos los caracteres control y meta. Emacs puede lograrlo
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
604 usando el comando X (eXtendido). Este viene de dos formas:
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
605
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
606 C-x Caracter eXtendido seguido por un caracter.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
607 M-x Comando eXtendido por nombre. Seguido por un nombre largo.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
608
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
609 Estos comandos son generalmente útiles pero usados menos que los
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
610 comandos que usted hasta ahora ha aprendido. Hasta ahora ha visto dos
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
611 de estos: los comandos de archivo C-x C-f para encontrar y C-x C-s
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
612 para salvar. Otro ejemplo es el comando para terminar la sesión de
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
613 Emacs -- este es el comando C-x C-c ( no se preocupe por perder los
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
614 cambios que usted haya hecho; C-x C-c ofrece salvar cada archivo alterado
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
615 antes de que este elimine a Emacs.)
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
616
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
617 C-z es el comando para salir de Emacs *temporalmente*-- para que usted
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
618 pueda regresar a la misma sesión de Emacs después.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
619
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
620 En sistemas que lo permiten C-z "suspende" Emacs; esto es, se retorna
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
621 al shell pero no se destruye Emacs. En los shells más comunes, usted
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
622 puede reanudar Emacs con el comando `fg' o con `%emacs'.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
623
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
624 En sistemas que no se implemente el suspendido, C-z crea un subshell
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
625 que corre bajo Emacs para darle la opción de correr otros programas y
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
626 regresar a Emacs después; esto en realidad no "sale" de Emacs. En este
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
627 caso, el comando shell `exit' es la vía usual para regresar a Emacs
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
628 desde el subshell.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
629
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
630 El momento para usar C-x C-c es cuando usted está listo para salir.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
631 Es además el paso correcto para salir de Emacs llamado bajo programas de
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
632 manejo de correo y otra variedad de utilidades, puesto que ellos no
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
633 saben cómo lidiar con la suspensión de Emacs. En circunstancias normales,
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
634 si usted no va a salir, es mejor suspender Emacs con C-z en lugar de
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
635 salir de este.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
636
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
637 Existen varios comandos C-x. Aqui hay una lista de algunos que usted
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
638 ha aprendido:
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
639
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
640 C-x C-f Encontrar archivo.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
641 C-x C-s Salvar archivo.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
642 C-x C-b Lista de buffers.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
643 C-x C-c Salir de Emacs.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
644 C-x 1 Borrar todo menos una ventana.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
645 C-x u Deshacer.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
646
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
647 Los comandos llamados eXtendidos son comandos usados con menos frecuencia
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
648 o comandos que son usados únicamente en ciertos modos. Un ejemplo es
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
649 el comando replace-string, el cual globalmente reemplaza una cadena
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
650 con otra. Cuando usted teclea M-x, Emacs le pregunta al final de la
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
651 pantalla con M-x y usted debe escribir el nombre del comando; en este
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
652 caso "replace-string". Solo escriba "repl s<TAB>" y Emacs completará
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
653 el nombre. Finalice el nombre del comando con <Return>.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
654
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
655 El comando replace-string requiere dos argumentos -- la cadena a
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
656 reemplazar, y la cadena para reemplazarla. Usted debe terminar cada
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
657 argumento con <Return>.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
658
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
659 >> Mueva el cursor hacia la línea en blanco dos líneas debajo de esta. A
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
660 continuación escriba
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
661 M-x repl s<Return>cambiado<Return>alterado<Return>.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
662
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
663 Note cómo esta línea ha cambiado: usted reemplaza la palabra
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
664 c-a-m-b-i-a-d-o con "alterado" en cada ocurrencia, después de la
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
665 posición inicial del cursor.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
666
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
667 * AUTO SALVADO
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
668 --------------
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
669
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
670 Cuando usted ha hecho cambios en un archivo, pero usted no ha salvado
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
671 estos todavía, estos podrían perderse si su sistema deja de funcionar. Para
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
672 protegerlo de esto, Emacs periódicamente escribe un archivo "auto salvado"
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
673 para cada archivo que usted está editando. El nombre del
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
674 archivo auto salvado tiene un # al principio y al final; por ejemplo, si su
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
675 archivo se llama "hola.c", su archivo auto salvado es "#hola.c#". Cuando
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
676 usted salva por la vía normal, Emacs borra su archivo de auto salvado.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
677
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
678 Si el sistema deja de funcionar usted puede recuperar su edición de
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
679 auto salvado encontrando el archivo normal (el archivo que estuvo editando,
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
680 no el archivo de auto salvar) y entonces presionando M-x recover file<Return>.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
681 Cuando le pregunte por la confirmación, teclee yes<Return> para ir y
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
682 recuperar la información del auto-salvado.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
683
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
684 * AREA ECO
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
685 ----------
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
686
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
687 Si Emacs ve que usted está presionando comandos de multicaracteres
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
688 lentamente, este le muestra estos al final de la pantalla en un área
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
689 llamada "área de eco". El área de eco contiene la línea final de la pantalla.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
690
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
691 * LÍNEA DE MODO
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
692 ---------------
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
693
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
694 La línea inmediatamente encima del área de eco es llamada el "línea de modo"
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
695 dice algo así:
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
696
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
697 --:** TUTORIAL (Fundamental)--l730--58%---------
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
698
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
699 Esta línea da información útil acerca de el estado de Emacs y del
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
700 texto que usted está editando.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
701
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
702 Usted ya sabe qué significa el nombre del archivo -- este es el
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
703 archivo que usted ha encontrado. --NN%-- indica posición actual en el
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
704 texto; esto significa que NN porciento del texto está encima de la
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
705 parte superior de la pantalla. Si el principio del archivo está en la
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
706 pantalla, este dirá --Top-- en vez de --00%--. Si el final del texto está
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
707 en la pantalla, este dirá --Bot--. Si usted está mirando un texto tan
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
708 pequeño que cabe en la pantalla, el modo de línea dirá --All--.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
709
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
710 La L y los dígitos indican la posición de otra forma: ellos dan el
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
711 número de línea actual del punto.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
712
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
713 Las estrellas cerca del frente significan que usted ha hecho cambios
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
714 al texto. Exactamente despues de que usted visite o salve un archivo,
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
715 esa parte del modo de línea no muestra estrellas, solo los guiones.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
716
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
717 La parte del modo de línea dentro de los paréntesis es para indicarle
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
718 en qué modo de edición está usted. El modo por defecto es Fundamental,
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
719 el cual es el que usted está usando ahora. Este es un ejemplo de un
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
720 "modo mayor".
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
721
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
722 Emacs tiene diferentes modos mayores. Algunos de estos están
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
723 hechos para editar diferentes lenguajes y/o clases de texto, tales como
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
724 modo Lisp, modo de Texto, etc. En cualquier momento solamente un modo
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
725 mayor está activo, y su nombre se encuentra siempre en el modo
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
726 de línea donde "Fundamental" está ahora.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
727
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
728 Cada modo mayor hace que algunos comandos actúen diferente
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
729 por ejemplo, hay comandos para crear comentarios en un programa, y como
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
730 cada lenguaje de programación tiene una idea diferente de cómo debe verse
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
731 un comentario, cada modo mayor tiene que insertar comentarios de
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
732 forma distinta. Cada modo mayor es el nombre de un comando
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
733 extendido, que es como usted puede cambiar a ese modo. Por ejemplo,
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
734 M-x fundamental-mode es un comando para cambiar al modo fundamental.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
735
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
736 Si usted va a editar un texto en español, tal como este archivo,
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
737 probablemente tendrá que usar el modo de texto.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
738
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
739 >> Teclee M-x text-mode<Return>.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
740
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
741 No se preocupe, ninguno de los comandos de Emacs que ha aprendido cambia
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
742 de manera significativa. Pero usted puede ver que M-f y M-b tratan a los
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
743 apóstrofes como parte de las palabras. Previamente, en modo Fundamental,
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
744 M-f y M-b trataban los apóstrofes como separadores de palabras.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
745
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
746 Los modos mayores usualmente hacen cambios sutiles como el
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
747 anterior: La mayoría de comandos hacen "el mismo trabajo" en cada modo
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
748 mayor, pero funcionan un poco diferente.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
749
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
750 Para ver documentación en su modo mayor actual, teclee C-h m.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
751
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
752 >> Use C-u C-v una vez o mas para llevar esta línea cerca de la
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
753 parte superior de la pantalla.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
754
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
755 >> Teclee C-h m, para ver cómo el modo de texto difiere del modo
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
756 Fundamental.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
757
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
758 >> Teclee C-x 1 para eliminar la documentación de la pantalla.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
759
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
760 Los modos mayores son llamados así porque también hay modos menores.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
761 Los modos menores no son alternativas para los modos mayores, apenas
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
762 modificaciones menores de estas. Cada modo menor puede ser activado o
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
763 desactivado por si mismo, independiente de todos los otros modos
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
764 menores, e independiente de su modo mayor. Entonces usted puede no usar
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
765 modos menores, o un modo menor o alguna combinación de varios modos
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
766 menores.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
767
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
768 Un modo menor que es muy útil, especialmente para editar textos en
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
769 inglés, es el modo Auto Fill. Cuando este modo es encendido, Emacs
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
770 rompe la línea entre palabras automáticamente cuando quiera que inserte
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
771 texto y haga una línea que es bastante ancha.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
772
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
773 Usted puede activar el modo Auto Fill al hacer M-x auto fill mode<Return>.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
774 Cuando el modo este activado, usted puede desactivarlo nuevamente usando
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
775 M-x autofill mode<Return>.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
776 Si el modo está desactivado, este comando lo activa, y si el modo está
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
777 activado, este comando lo desactiva. Decimos que el comando "cambia el
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
778 modo".
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
779
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
780 >> Teclee M-x auto fill mode<Return> ahora. Luego inserte una línea
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
781 de "asdf " repetidas veces hasta que la vea dividida en dos líneas.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
782 Usted debe intercalar espacios porque Auto Fill sólo rompe
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
783 líneas en espacios.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
784
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
785 El margen es usualmente puesto en 70 caracteres, pero usted puede
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
786 cambiarlo con el comando C-x f. Usted debe dar el margen deseado
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
787 como un argumento numérico.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
788
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
789 >> Teclee C-x f con un argumento de 20. (C-u 2 0 C-x f).
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
790 Entonces teclee algún texto y vea como Emacs llena con este líneas de
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
791 20 caracteres. Entonces ponga de nuevo el margen a 70 usando otra
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
792 vez C-x f.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
793
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
794 Si usted hace cambios en el medio de un párrafo, el modo Auto Fill no
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
795 lo rellenará por usted.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
796 Para rellenar el párrafo, teclee M-q (Meta-q) con el cursor dentro de
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
797 ese párrafo.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
798
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
799 >>Mueva el cursor al párrafo anterior y teclee M-q.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
800
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
801 * BUSCANDO
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
802 ----------
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
803
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
804 Emacs puede hacer búsquedas de cadenas (estas son grupos de caracteres
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
805 contiguos o palabras) hacia adelante a través del texto o para atrás
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
806 en el mismo. La busqueda de una cadena es un comando de movimiento de
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
807 cursor; esto mueve el cursor al próximo lugar donde esa cadena aparece.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
808
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
809 El comando de búsqueda de Emacs es diferente a los comandos de búsqueda
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
810 de los demás editores, en que este es "incremental". Esto significa que
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
811 la búsqueda ocurre mientras usted teclea la cadena para buscarla.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
812
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
813 El comando para iniciar una búsqueda es C-s para búsqueda hacia adelante,
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
814 y C-r para la búsqueda hacia atrás. PERO ESPERE! no intente esto ahora.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
815
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
816 Cuando teclee C-s usted verá que la cadena "I-search" aparece como un
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
817 llamado en el área de eco. Esto le dice que Emacs está en lo que se
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
818 conoce como búsqueda incremental, esperando que usted teclee la cosa que
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
819 quiere buscar. <Return> termina una busqueda.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
820
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
821 >> Ahora teclee C-s para comenzar la búsqueda. LENTAMENTE, una letra a
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
822 la vez, teclee la palabra 'cursor', haciendo pausa después de cada
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
823 caracter para notar lo que pasa con el cursor.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
824 Ahora ha buscado "cursor", una vez.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
825 >> Ahora teclee C-s de nuevo, para buscar la próxima aparición de
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
826 "cursor".
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
827 >> Ahora presione <Delete> cuatro veces y mire como se mueve el cursor.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
828 >> Teclee <Return> para terminar la búsqueda.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
829
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
830 Vió lo que ocurrió? Emacs, en una búsqueda incremental, trata de ir a la
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
831 ocurrencia de la cadena que usted ha tecleado hasta el momento. Para ir
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
832 a la próxima ocurrencia de "cursor" solo teclee C-s de nuevo. Si tal
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
833 ocurrencia no existe, Emacs pita y le dice que la búsqueda actual está
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
834 fallando (failing). C-g también termina la búsqueda.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
835
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
836 NOTA: En algunos sistemas, oprimir C-x C-s dejará inmovil la pantalla y
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
837 usted no podra ver más respuesta de Emacs. Esto indica que una
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
838 "característica" del sistema operativo llamada ''control de flujo''
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
839 está interceptando el comando C-s y no permitiéndole llegar a Emacs.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
840 Para descongelar la pantalla, presione C-q. Entonces consulte la sección
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
841 "entrada espontánea para búsqueda incremental'' en el manual de
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
842 Emacs para encontrar información de cómo tratar con esta "característica".
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
843
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
844 Si usted está en medio de una búsqueda incremental y teclea <Delete>,
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
845 usted notara que el último caracter de la cadena buscada es borrado y
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
846 la búsqueda vuelve al último sitio de la búsqueda. Por ejemplo, suponga
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
847 que usted ha tecleado "c", para buscar la primera ocurrencia de "c".
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
848 Ahora, si teclea "u", el cursor se moverá a la primera ocurrencia de
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
849 "cu". Ahora teclee <Delete>. Esto borra la "u" de la cadena buscada,
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
850 y el cursor vuelve a la primera ocurrencia de "c".
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
851
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
852 Si usted está en medio de una búsqueda y teclea un caracter
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
853 control o meta (con algunas pocas excepciones-- los caracteres que son
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
854 especiales en una búsqueda, tales como C-s y C-r), la búsqueda es
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
855 terminada.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
856
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
857 El C-s inicia una exploración que busca alguna ocurrencia de la cadena
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
858 buscada DESPUES de la posición actual del cursor. Si usted quiere buscar
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
859 algo anterior en el texto, teclee en cambio C-r. Todo lo que hemos
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
860 dicho sobre C-s también se aplica a C-r, excepto que la dirección de la
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
861 búsqueda es invertida.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
862
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
863 * MúLTIPLES VENTANAS
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
864 --------------------
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
865
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
866 Una de las agradables características de Emacs es que usted puede mostrar más
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
867 de una ventana en la pantalla al mismo tiempo.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
868
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
869 >> Mueva el cursor a esta línea y teclee C-u 0 C-l.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
870
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
871 >> Ahora teclee C-x 2 que divide la pantalla en dos ventanas. Ambas
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
872 ventanas muestran este tutorial. El cursor permanece en la ventana
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
873 superior.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
874
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
875 >> Teclee C-M-v para desplazar la ventana inferior. (si usted no
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
876 tiene una tecla Meta real, teclee ESC C-v)
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
877
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
878 >> Teclee C-x o ("o" para "otro") para mover el cursor a la ventana
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
879 inferior.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
880 >> Use C-v y M-v en la ventana inferior para desplazarla. Siga
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
881 leyendo estas direcciones en la ventana superior.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
882
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
883 >> Teclee C-x o de nuevo para mover el cursor de vuelta a la ventana
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
884 superior. El cursor en la ventana superior está justo donde estaba
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
885 antes.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
886
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
887 Usted puede continuar usando C-x o Para cambiar entre las ventanas. Cada
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
888 ventana tiene su propia posición del cursor, pero únicamente una
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
889 ventana actual muestra el cursor. Todos los comandos de edición comunes
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
890 se aplican a la ventana en que está el cursor. Nosotros la llamamos
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
891 "ventana seleccionada".
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
892
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
893 El comando C-M-v es muy útil cuando usted está editando un texto en una
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
894 ventana y usando la otra ventana como referencia. Usted puede mantener
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
895 el cursor siempre en la ventana donde está editando, y avanzar a la
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
896 otra ventana secuencialmente con C-M-v.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
897
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
898 C-M-v es un ejemplo de un carácter CONTROL-META. Si usted tiene una
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
899 tecla Meta real, usted puede oprimir C-M-v Sosteniendo a la vez CONTROL
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
900 y META mientras oprime v. No importa cual tecla oprima primero CONTROL o META.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
901 Porque las dos teclas actúan modificando los caracteres que usted digita.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
902 Si usted no tiene una tecla META real, y en vez de esta usa ESC, el
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
903 orden importa: usted debe digitar ESC seguido de Control-v, porque
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
904 Control-ESC v no trabajará. Esto es porque ESC es un carácter que tiene
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
905 valor en sí mismo, no es una tecla modificadora.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
906
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
907 >> digite C-x 1 (en la parte de arriba de la ventana) para deshacerse
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
908 de la ventana del final.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
909
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
910 (Si usted hubiera digitado C-X 1 en la ventana inferior, esto eliminaría la
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
911 superior. Piense en este comando como "mantener sólo una ventana -- la
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
912 ventana en la cual estoy".)
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
913
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
914 Usted no tiene que mostrar el mismo buffer en ambas ventanas. Si usted
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
915 usa C-x C-f para encontrar un archivo en una ventana, la otra ventana
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
916 no cambia. Usted puede encontrar un archivo en cada ventana
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
917 independientemente.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
918
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
919 Aquí hay otra forma para usar dos ventanas para mostrar dos cosas
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
920 diferentes:
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
921
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
922 >> Digite C-x 4 C-f seguido del nombre de uno de sus archivos.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
923 Finalice con <Return>. Vea que el archivo especificado aparece en la
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
924 ventana inferior. El cursor vá allá también.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
925
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
926 >> Digite C-x o para regresar a la ventana superior, y C-x 1 para borrar
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
927 la ventana inferior.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
928
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
929 * NIVELES RECURSIVOS DE EDICIÓN
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
930 --------------------------------
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
931
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
932 Algunas veces usted entrará a lo que es llamado un "nivel recursivo
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
933 de edición". Esto está indicado por paréntesis cuadrados en la línea de modo
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
934 , rodeando los paréntesis del nombre del modo mayor. Por ejemplo,
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
935 usted probablemente vea [(Fundamental)] en vez de (Fundamental)
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
936
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
937 Para salir de los niveles recursivos de edición, presione ESC ESC ESC.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
938 Este es un comando de "salida" para todo propósito. Usted también lo
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
939 puede usar para eliminar ventanas extras, y salir del minibuffer.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
940
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
941 >> Digite M-x para entrar a un minibuffer; Entonces digite ESC ESC ESC
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
942 para salir.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
943
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
944 Usted no puede usar C-g para salir de los "niveles recursivos de
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
945 edición". Esto es porque C-g es usado para cancelar comandos y
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
946 argumentos DENTRO del nivel recursivo de edición.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
947
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
948 * CONSIGUIENDO MAS AYUDA
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
949 ------------------------
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
950
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
951 En este tutorial hemos tratado de ofrecer suficiente información para
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
952 que usted empiece a usar Emacs. Hay tanto disponible en Emacs que
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
953 sería imposible explicar todo aquí, sin embargo, usted puede querer
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
954 aprender más sobre Emacs, ya que este tiene muchas otras características
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
955 útiles. Emacs provee comandos para leer documentación acerca de los
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
956 comandos de Emacs. Estos comandos de "ayuda" todos comienza con el
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
957 caracter Control-h, que es llamado el caracter de ayuda (help).
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
958
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
959 Para usar las características de ayuda, digite el caracter C-h, y
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
960 entonces un carácter diciciendo qué tipo de ayuda quiere. Si usted está
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
961 REALMENTE perdido digite c-h ? y Emacs le dirá qué tipo de ayuda puede
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
962 ofrecerle. Si usted ha digitado C-h y decide que no quiere ninguna
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
963 ayuda, digite C-g para cancelarlo.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
964
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
965 (Algunos sitios cambian el significado del carácter C-h. Ellos realmente
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
966 no deberían hacer esto como una política para todos los
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
967 usuarios, así que usted tiene argumentos para quejarse al administrador
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
968 del sistema. Mientras tanto, sí C-h no muestra un mensaje de ayuda en
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
969 el final de la pantalla, intente digitar la tecla F1 o en su lugar M-x
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
970 help <Return>).
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
971
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
972 La característica más básica en la AYUDA es C-h c. Digite C-h, el
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
973 caracter c y un caracter de comando o una secuencia de comando; entonces
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
974 Emacs muestra una muy breve descripción del comando.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
975
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
976 >> Digite C-h c C-p.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
977 El mensaje debe ser algo como
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
978 C-p runs the command previous-line
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
979
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
980 Esto le dice el "nombre de la función". Los nombres de función son
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
981 usados principalmente para adecuar y extender Emacs. Pero ya que los
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
982 nombres de las funciones son seleccionados para indicar lo que el comando
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
983 hace, ellos tambien pueden servir como una breve documentación --
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
984 suficiente para recordarle los comandos que ha aprendido.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
985
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
986 Los comandos de múltiples caracteres tales como C-x C-s y (sí usted no
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
987 tiene las teclas META o EDIT o ALT) <Esc>v, están permitidos también
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
988 después de C-h c.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
989
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
990 Para conseguir más información sobre un comando use C-h k en vez de
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
991 C-h c.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
992
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
993 >> Digite C-h k C-p.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
994
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
995 Esto muestra la documentación de la función, al igual que el nombre, en
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
996 una ventana de Emacs. Cuando usted haya terminado de leer el resultado,
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
997 digite C-x 1 para deshacerse del texto de ayuda. No tiene que hacer esto
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
998 ahora. Usted puede hacer algunas ediciones mientras se refiere al texto
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
999 de ayuda, y entonces digitar C-x 1.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
1000
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
1001 Aquí hay algunas otras opciones útiles de C-h:
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
1002
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
1003 C-h f Describe una función. Usted digita el nombre de la
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
1004 función.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
1005
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
1006 >> Intente digitar C-h f previous-line<Return>.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
1007 Esto imprime toda la información que Emacs tiene sobre la función que
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
1008 implementa el comando C-p
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
1009
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
1010 C-h a Comando Apropos. Digite una palabra y Emacs hará una
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
1011 lista de todos los comandos que contengan la palabra
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
1012 digitada. Todos Estos comandos pueden ser invocados con
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
1013 Meta-x. Para algunos comandos, el comando Apropos
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
1014 también listará una secuencia de uno a dos caracteres
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
1015 la cual correrá el mismo comando.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
1016
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
1017 >> Digite C-h a file<Return>.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
1018
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
1019 Esto muestra en otra ventana una lista de todos los comandos M-x con
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
1020 la palabra "file" en sus nombres. Usted verá comandos de caracteres como
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
1021 C-x C-f listados además de los nombres de los comandos correspondientes
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
1022 tales como find-file.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
1023
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
1024 >> Digite C-M-v para desplazar la ventana de ayuda. Haga esto unas pocas
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
1025 veces.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
1026
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
1027 >> Digite C-x 1 para borrar la ventana de ayuda.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
1028
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
1029 * CONCLUSIÓN
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
1030 ------------
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
1031
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
1032 Recuerde, Para salir permanentemente de Emacs use C-x C-c. Para salir a un
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
1033 Shell temporalmente, de forma que usted puede volver a Emacs después, use C-z.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
1034
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
1035 Este tutorial intenta ser entendible para todos los usuarios
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
1036 nuevos, así que si encuentra algo confuso, no se siente y se culpe a sí
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
1037 mismo - quéjese!
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
1038
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
1039 * COPIADO
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
1040 ---------
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
1041
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
1042 Este tutorial desciende de una larga línea de tutoriales de Emacs
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
1043 comenzando con el escrito por Stuart Cracraft para el Emacs original.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
1044 La versión en español fue traducida por estudiantes del Gimnasio Fidel Cano
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
1045 (un colegio en Santafé de Bogotá, Colombia):
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
1046
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
1047 Carlos Alberto López Troncoso
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
1048 Andrés Felipe Mancipe Galvis
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
1049 Lina Fernanda Pinto García
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
1050 Liliana Carolina Quitián Cedeño
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
1051 Leonardo Ramírez Vargas <leonardoramirez@latinmail.com>
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
1052 Juan David Vargas Botero <cyberbob1164@hotmail.com>
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
1053 Juan Pablo Yela Gallón
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
1054 Jorge Enrique Cárdenas Carrillo <platypus_life@hotmail.com>
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
1055
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
1056 además la versión en español ha sido revisada y corregida por:
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
1057 Pablo Reyes <reyes_pablo@hotmail.com>
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
1058 Igor Támara <ikks@bigfoot.com>
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
1059 Melissa Giraldo de Támara <melagira@yahoo.com>
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
1060 Vladimir Támara <vtamara@gnu.org>
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
1061
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
1062 Por favor, en caso de duda, sólo es válido el original en inglés de la
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
1063 siguiente nota de derechos de reproducción (que puede encontrar en el
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
1064 archivo TUTORIAL).
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
1065
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
1066 Copyright (c) 1985, 1996 Free Software Foundation
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
1067
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
1068 Se permite a cualquiera hacer o distribuir copias literales de este
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
1069 documento como se recibe, en cualquier medio, siempre que la nota de
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
1070 derechos de reproducción y la nota de permiso se preserven, y que el
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
1071 distribuidor permita que el que la recibe hacer distribución posterior
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
1072 como lo permite esta nota.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
1073
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
1074 Se permite distribuir versiones modificadas de este documento, o
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
1075 porciones de este, bajo las condiciones anteriores, siempre que
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
1076 ellas tengan nota visible especificando quién fue el último en
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
1077 alterarlas.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
1078
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
1079 Las condiciones para copiar Emacs mismo son más complejas, pero con el
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
1080 mismo espíritu. Por favor lea el archivo COPYING y entonces distribuya copias
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
1081 de GNU Emacs a sus amigos. Ayude a erradicar el obstruccionismo del
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
1082 software ("propietariedad") usando, escribiendo, y compartiendo software
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
1083 libre!
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
1084
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
1085