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2 @node Command Switches, Startup Paths, Exiting, Top
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3 @section Command Line Switches and Arguments
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4 @cindex command line arguments
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5 @cindex arguments (from shell)
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6
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7 XEmacs supports command line arguments you can use to request
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8 various actions when invoking Emacs. The commands are for compatibility
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9 with other editors and for sophisticated activities. If you are using
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10 XEmacs under the X window system, you can also use a number of
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11 standard Xt command line arguments. Command line arguments are not usually
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12 needed for editing with Emacs; new users can skip this section.
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13
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14 Many editors are designed to be started afresh each time you want to
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15 edit. You start the editor to edit one file; then exit the editor. The
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16 next time you want to edit either another file or the same one, you
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17 start the editor again. Under these circumstances, it makes sense to use a
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18 command line argument to say which file to edit.
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19
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20 The recommended way to use XEmacs is to start it only once, just
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21 after you log in, and do all your editing in the same Emacs process.
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22 Each time you want to edit a file, you visit it using the existing
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23 Emacs. Emacs creates a new buffer for each file, and (unless you kill
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24 some of the buffers) Emacs eventually has many files in it ready for
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25 editing. Usually you do not kill the Emacs process until you are about
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26 to log out. Since you usually read files by typing commands to Emacs,
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27 command line arguments for specifying a file when Emacs is started are seldom
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28 needed.
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29
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30 Emacs accepts command-line arguments that specify files to visit,
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31 functions to call, and other activities and operating modes. If you are
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32 running XEmacs under the X window system, a number of standard
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33 Xt command line arguments are available as well.
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34
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35 The following subsections list:
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36 @itemize @bullet
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37 @item
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38 Command line arguments that you can always use
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39 @item
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40 Command line arguments that have to appear at the beginning of the
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41 argument list
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42 @item
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43 Command line arguments that are only relevant if you are running XEmacs
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44 under X
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45 @end itemize
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46
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47 @subsection Command Line Arguments for Any Position
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48 Command line arguments are processed in the order they appear on the
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49 command line; however, certain arguments (the ones in the
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50 second table) must be at the front of the list if they are used.
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51
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52 Here are the arguments allowed:
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53
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54 @table @samp
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55 @item @var{file}
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56 Visit @var{file} using @code{find-file}. @xref{Visiting}.
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57
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58 @item +@var{linenum} @var{file}
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59 Visit @var{file} using @code{find-file}, then go to line number
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60 @var{linenum} in it.
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61
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62 @item -load @var{file}
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63 @itemx -l @var{file}
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64 Load a file @var{file} of Lisp code with the function @code{load}.
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65 @xref{Lisp Libraries}.
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66
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67 @item -funcall @var{function}
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68 @itemx -f @var{function}
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69 Call Lisp function @var{function} with no arguments.
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70
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71 @item -eval @var{function}
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72 Interpret the next argument as a Lisp expression, and evaluate it.
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73 You must be very careful of the shell quoting here.
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74
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75 @item -insert @var{file}
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76 @itemx -i @var{file}
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77 Insert the contents of @var{file} into the current buffer. This is like
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78 what @kbd{M-x insert-buffer} does; @xref{Misc File Ops}.
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79
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80 @item -kill
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81 Exit from Emacs without asking for confirmation.
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82
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83 @item -version
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84 @itemx -V
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85 Prints version information. This implies @samp{-batch}.
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86
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87 @example
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88 % xemacs -version
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89 XEmacs 19.13 of Mon Aug 21 1995 on willow (usg-unix-v) [formerly Lucid Emacs]
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90 @end example
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91
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92 @item -help
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93 Prints a summary of command-line options and then exits.
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94 @end table
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95
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96 @subsection Command Line Arguments (Beginning of Line Only)
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97 The following arguments are recognized only at the beginning of the
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98 command line. If more than one of them appears, they must appear in the
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99 order in which they appear in this table.
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100
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101 @table @samp
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102 @item -t @var{file}
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103 Use @var{file} instead of the terminal for input and output. This
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104 implies the @samp{-nw} option, documented below.
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105
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106 @cindex batch mode
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107 @item -batch
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108 Run Emacs in @dfn{batch mode}, which means that the text being edited is
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109 not displayed and the standard Unix interrupt characters such as
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110 @kbd{C-z} and @kbd{C-c} continue to have their normal effect. Emacs in
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111 batch mode outputs to @code{stderr} only what would normally be printed
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112 in the echo area under program control.
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113
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114 Batch mode is used for running programs written in Emacs Lisp from shell
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115 scripts, makefiles, and so on. Normally the @samp{-l} switch or
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116 @samp{-f} switch will be used as well, to invoke a Lisp program to do
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117 the batch processing.
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118
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119 @samp{-batch} implies @samp{-q} (do not load an init file). It also
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120 causes Emacs to kill itself after all command switches have been
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121 processed. In addition, auto-saving is not done except in buffers for
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122 which it has been explicitly requested.
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123
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124 @item -nw
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125 Start up XEmacs in TTY mode (using the TTY XEmacs was started from),
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126 rather than trying to connect to an X display. Note that this happens
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127 automatically if the @samp{DISPLAY} environment variable is not set.
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128
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129 @item -debug-init
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130 Enter the debugger if an error in the init file occurs.
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131
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132 @item -debug-paths
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133 Displays information on how XEmacs constructs the various paths into its
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134 hierarchy on startup. (See also @pxref{Startup Paths}.)
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135
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136 @item -unmapped
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137 Do not map the initial frame. This is useful if you want to start up
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138 XEmacs as a server (e.g. for gnuserv screens or external client widgets).
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139
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140 @item -no-init-file
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141 @itemx -q
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142 Do not load your Emacs init file @file{~/.emacs}.
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143
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144 @item -no-site-file
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145 Do not load the site-specific init file @file{lisp/site-start.el}.
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146
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147 @item -no-autoloads
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148 Do not load global symbol files (@file{auto-autoloads}) at startup.
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149 This implies @samp{-vanilla}.
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150
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151 @item -no-early-packages
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152 Do not process early packages. (For more information on startup issues
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153 concerning the package system, @xref{Startup Paths}.)
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154
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155 @item -vanilla
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156 This is equivalent to @samp{-q -no-site-file -no-early-packages}.
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157
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158 @item -user-init-file @var{file}
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159 Load @var{file} as your Emacs init file instead of @file{~/.emacs}.
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160
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161 @item -user-init-directory @var{directory}
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162 Use @var{directory} as the location of your early package hierarchies
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163 and the various user-specific initialization files.
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164
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165 @item -user @var{user}
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166 @itemx -u @var{user}
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167 Equivalent to
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168 @samp{-user-init-file ~@var{user}/.emacs -user-init-directory ~@var{user}/.xemacs}.
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169
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170
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171 @end table
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172
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173 @vindex command-line-args
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174 Note that the init file can get access to the command line argument
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175 values as the elements of a list in the variable
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176 @code{command-line-args}. (The arguments in the second table above will
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177 already have been processed and will not be in the list.) The init file
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178 can override the normal processing of the other arguments by setting
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179 this variable.
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180
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181 One way to use command switches is to visit many files automatically:
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182
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183 @example
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184 xemacs *.c
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185 @end example
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186
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187 @noindent
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188 passes each @code{.c} file as a separate argument to Emacs, so that
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189 Emacs visits each file (@pxref{Visiting}).
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190
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191 Here is an advanced example that assumes you have a Lisp program file
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192 called @file{hack-c-program.el} which, when loaded, performs some useful
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193 operation on the current buffer, expected to be a C program.
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194
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195 @example
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196 xemacs -batch foo.c -l hack-c-program -f save-buffer -kill > log
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197 @end example
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198
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199 @noindent
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200 Here Emacs is told to visit @file{foo.c}, load @file{hack-c-program.el}
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201 (which makes changes in the visited file), save @file{foo.c} (note that
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202 @code{save-buffer} is the function that @kbd{C-x C-s} is bound to), and
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203 then exit to the shell from which the command was executed. @samp{-batch}
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204 guarantees there will be no problem redirecting output to @file{log},
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205 because Emacs will not assume that it has a display terminal to work
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206 with.
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207
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208 @subsection Command Line Arguments (for XEmacs Under X)
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209 @vindex frame-title-format
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210 @vindex frame-icon-title-format
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211 If you are running XEmacs under X, a number of options are
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212 available to control color, border, and window title and icon name:
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213
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214 @table @samp
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215 @item -title @var{title}
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216 @itemx -wn @var{title}
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217 @itemx -T @var{title}
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218 Use @var{title} as the window title. This sets the
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219 @code{frame-title-format} variable, which controls the title of the X
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220 window corresponding to the selected frame. This is the same format as
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221 @code{mode-line-format}.
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222
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223 @item -iconname @var{title}
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224 @itemx -in @var{title}
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225 Use @var{title} as the icon name. This sets the
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226 @code{frame-icon-title-format} variable, which controls the title of
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227 the icon corresponding to the selected frame.
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228
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229 @item -mc @var{color}
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230 Use @var{color} as the mouse color.
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231
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232 @item -cr @var{color}
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233 Use @var{color} as the text-cursor foreground color.
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234
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235 @item -private
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236 Install a private colormap for XEmacs.
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237 @end table
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238
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239 In addition, XEmacs allows you to use a number of standard Xt
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240 command line arguments.
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241
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242 @table @samp
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243
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244 @item -background @var{color}
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245 @itemx -bg @var{color}
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246 Use @var{color} as the background color.
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247
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248 @item -bordercolor @var{color}
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249 @itemx -bd @var{color}
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250 Use @var{color} as the border color.
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251
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252 @item -borderwidth @var{width}
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253 @itemx -bw @var{width}
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254 Use @var{width} as the border width.
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255
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256 @item -display @var{display}
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257 @itemx -d @var{display}
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258 When running under the X window system, create the window containing the
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259 Emacs frame on the display named @var{display}.
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260
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261 @item -foreground @var{color}
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262 @itemx -fg @var{color}
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263 Use @var{color} as the foreground color.
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264
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265 @item -font @var{name}
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266 @itemx -fn @var{name}
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267 Use @var{name} as the default font.
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268
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269 @item -geometry @var{spec}
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270 @itemx -geom @var{spec}
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271 @itemx -g @var{spec}
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272 Use the geometry (window size and/or position) specified by @var{spec}.
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273
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274 @item -iconic
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275 Start up iconified.
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276
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277 @item -rv
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278 Bring up Emacs in reverse video.
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279
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280 @item -name @var{name}
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281 Use the resource manager resources specified by @var{name}.
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282 The default is to use the name of the program (@code{argv[0]}) as
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283 the resource manager name.
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284
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285 @item -xrm
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286 Read something into the resource database for this invocation of Emacs only.
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287
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288 @end table
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