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159
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1 ;;; indian.el --- Support for Indian Languages
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2
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3 ;; Copyright (C) 1995 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
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4
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5 ;; Author: KAWABATA, Taichi <kawabata@is.s.u-tokyo.ac.jp>
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6
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7 ;; Keywords: multilingual, Indian
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8
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9 ;; This file is part of GNU Emacs.
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10
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11 ;; GNU Emacs is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
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12 ;; it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
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13 ;; the Free Software Foundation; either version 2, or (at your option)
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14 ;; any later version.
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15
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16 ;; GNU Emacs is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
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17 ;; but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
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18 ;; MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
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19 ;; GNU General Public License for more details.
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20
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21 ;; You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
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22 ;; along with GNU Emacs; see the file COPYING. If not, write to the
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23 ;; Free Software Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330,
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24 ;; Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA.
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25
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26 ;;; Commentary:
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27
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28 ;; History:
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29 ;; 1996.10.18 written by KAWABATA, Taichi <kawabata@is.s.u-tokyo.ac.jp>
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30
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31 ;; For Indian, the character set IS 13194 is supported.
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32 ;;
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33 ;; IS 13194 does not specifically assign glyphs for each characters.
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34 ;; Following code is not specific to each Indian language.
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35 ;;
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36 ;; Eventually, this code will support generic information about
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37 ;; following scripts.
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38 ;;
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39 ;; Devanagari
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40 ;; Bengali
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41 ;; Gurmukhi
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42 ;; Gujarati
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43 ;; Oriya
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44 ;; Tamil
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45 ;; Telgu
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46 ;; Kannada
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47 ;; Malayalam
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48 ;;
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49 ;; In this file, charsets other than charset-ascii and charset-indian-is13194
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50 ;; should not be used except in the comment.
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51
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52 ;;; Code:
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53
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54 (defun describe-indian-support ()
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55 "Describe how Emacs support Indian languages."
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56 (interactive)
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57 (describe-language-support-internal "Indian"))
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58
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59 (set-language-info-alist
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60 "Indian" '((describe-function . describe-indian-support)
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61 (charset . (indian-is13194))
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62 (documentation . "\
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63 Among Indian languages, such languages using Devanagari scripts as
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64 Hindi and Marathi are supproted. For them, please specify Devanagari
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65 for more detail.")
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66 ))
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67
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68 ;; Followings are what you see when you refer to the Emacs
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69 ;; representations of IS 13194 charcters. However, this is merely
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70 ;; tentative apperance, and you must convert them by
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71 ;; indian-to-xxxxxx(specific script) function to use them.
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72 ;; Devanagari is not an exception of this rule.
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73
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74 ;; 0xa0 //(5!"#$%&'()*+,-./(B
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75 ;; 0xb0 (50123456789:;<=>?(B
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76 ;; 0xc0 (5@ABCDEFGHIJKLMNO(B
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77 ;; 0xd0 (5PQRSTUVWXYZ[\]^_(B
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78 ;; 0xe0 (5`abcdefghijklmno(B
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79 ;; 0xf0 (5pqrstuvwxyz{|}~(B//
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80
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81 ;; Note - In IS 13194, several symbols are obtained by special
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82 ;; combination of several characters and Nukta sign.
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83 ;;
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84 ;; Sanskrit Vowel R -> (5*(B + (5i(B
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85 ;; Sanskrit Vowel L -> (5&(B + (5i(B
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86 ;; Sanskrit Vowel LL -> (5'(B + (5i(B
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87 ;; Sanskrit Avagrah -> (5j(B + (5i(B
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88 ;; OM -> (5!(B + (5i(B
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89 ;;
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90 ;; Note - IS 13194 defines ATR(0xEF) and EXT(0xF0), but they are
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91 ;; not used in Emacs.
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92 ;;
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93 ;; Note - the above characters DO NOT represent any script. For
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94 ;; example, if you want to obtain Devanagari character, you must do
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95 ;; something like the following.
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96 ;;
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97 ;; (char-to-string (indian-to-devanagari ?(5$(B))
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98 ;; "$(5!$(B"
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99
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100 (let ((deflist
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101 '(;; chars syntax category
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102 ("(5!"#(B" "w" ?7) ; vowel-modifying diacritical mark
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103 ; chandrabindu, anuswar, visarga
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104 ("(5$(B-(52(B" "w" ?5) ; independent vowel
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105 ("(53(B-(5X(B" "w" ?0) ; consonant
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106 ("(5Z(B-(5g(B" "w" ?8) ; matra
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107 ("(5q(B-(5z(B" "w" ?6) ; digit
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108 ))
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109 elm chars len syntax category to ch i)
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110 (while deflist
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111 (setq elm (car deflist))
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112 (setq chars (car elm)
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113 len (length chars)
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114 syntax (nth 1 elm)
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115 category (nth 2 elm)
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116 i 0)
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117 (while (< i len)
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118 (if (= (aref chars i) ?-)
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119 (setq i (1+ i)
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120 to (sref chars i))
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121 (setq ch (sref chars i)
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122 to ch))
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123 (while (<= ch to)
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124 (modify-syntax-entry ch syntax)
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125 (modify-category-entry ch category)
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126 (setq ch (1+ ch)))
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127 (setq i (+ i (char-bytes to))))
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128 (setq deflist (cdr deflist))))
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129
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130
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131 ;;; ITRANS
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132 ;;
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133 ;; ITRANS is one of the most popular method to exchange indian scripts
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134 ;; electronically. Here is the table to convert between ITRANS code and
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135 ;; IS 13194 code.
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136
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137 (defvar indian-itrans-consonant-alist
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138 '(
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139 ("k" . "(53(B")
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140 ("kh" . "(54(B")
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141 ("g" . "(55(B")
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142 ("gh" . "(56(B")
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143 ("N^" . "(57(B")
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144 ("ch" . "(58(B")
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145 ("chh" . "(59(B")
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146 ("j" . "(5:(B")
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147 ("jh" . "(5;(B")
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148 ("JN" . "(5<(B")
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149 ("T" . "(5=(B")
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150 ("Th" . "(5>(B")
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151 ("D" . "(5?(B")
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152 ("Dh" . "(5@(B")
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153 ("N" . "(5A(B")
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154 ("t" . "(5B(B")
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155 ("th" . "(5C(B")
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156 ("d" . "(5D(B")
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157 ("dh" . "(5E(B")
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158 ("n" . "(5F(B")
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159 ("nh" . "(5G(B") ; For transcription of non-Devanagari Languages.
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160 ("p" . "(5H(B")
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161 ("ph" . "(5I(B")
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162 ("b" . "(5J(B")
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163 ("bh" . "(5K(B")
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164 ("m" . "(5L(B")
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165 ("y" . "(5M(B")
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166 ("yh" . "(5N(B") ; For transcription of non-Devanagari Languages.
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167 ("r" . "(5O(B")
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168 ("rh" . "(5P(B") ; For transcription of non-Devanagari Languages.
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169 ("l" . "(5Q(B")
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170 ("v" . "(5T(B")
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171 ("sh" . "(5U(B")
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172 ("shh" . "(5V(B")
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173 ("s" . "(5W(B")
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174 ("h" . "(5X(B")
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175 ("ld" . "(5R(B")
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176 ("L" . "(5R(B")
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177 ("ksh" . "$(5!3!h!V(B")
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178 ("GY" . "***GY***") ; Must check out later.
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179 ;; special consonants
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180 ("q" . "(53i(B")
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181 ("K" . "(54i(B")
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182 ("G" . "(55i(B")
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183 ("z" . "(5:i(B")
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184 ("f" . "(5Ii(B")
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185 (".D" . "(5?i(B")
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186 (".Dh" . "(5@i(B")
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187 ))
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188
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189 (defvar indian-itrans-vowel-sign-alist
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190 '(
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191 ;; Special treatment unique to IS 13194 Transliteration
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192 ("" . "(5h(B")
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193 ("a" . "")
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194 ;; Matra (Vowel Sign)
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195 ("aa" . "(5Z(B")
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196 ("A" . "(5Z(B")
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197 ("i" . "(5[(B")
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198 ("ii" . "(5\(B")
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199 ("I" . "(5\(B")
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200 ("u" . "(5](B")
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201 ("uu" . "(5^(B")
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202 ("U" . "(5^(B")
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203 ("R^i" . "(5_(B") ; These must be checked out later.
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204 ("R^I" . "(5_i(B")
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205 ("L^i" . "(5[i(B")
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206 ("L^I" . "(5\i(B")
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207 ("E" . "(5`(B") ; For transcription of non-Devanangri Languages.
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208 ("e" . "(5a(B")
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209 ("ai" . "(5b(B")
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210 ;; ("e.c" . "(5c(B") ; Tentatively suppressed.
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211 ("O" . "(5d(B") ; For transcription of non-Devanagari Languages.
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212 ("o" . "(5e(B")
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213 ("au" . "(5f(B")
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214 ;; ("o.c" . "(5g(B") ; Tentatively suppressed.
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215 ))
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216
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217 ;;
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218 ;; Independent vowels and other signs.
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219 ;;
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220
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221 (defvar indian-itrans-other-letters-alist
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222 '(
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223 ("a" . "(5$(B")
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224 ("aa" . "(5%(B")
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225 ("A" . "(5%(B")
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226 ("i" . "(5&(B")
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227 ("ii" . "(5'(B")
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228 ("I" . "(5'(B")
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229 ("u" . "(5((B")
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230 ("uu" . "(5)(B")
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231 ("U" . "(5)(B")
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232 ("R^i" . "(5*(B")
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233 ("R^I" . "(5*i(B")
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234 ("L^i" . "(5&i(B")
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235 ("L^I" . "(5'i(B")
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236 ("E" . "(5+(B") ; For transcription of non-Devanagari Languages.
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237 ("e" . "(5,(B")
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238 ("ai" . "(5-(B")
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239 ;; ("e.c" . "(5.(B") ; Candra E
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240 ("O" . "(5/(B") ; For transcription of non-Devanagari Languages.
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241 ("o" . "(50(B")
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242 ("au" . "(51(B")
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243 ;; ("o.c" . "(52(B") ; Candra O
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244 ("M" . "(5$(B")
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245 ("H" . "(5#(B")
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246 ("AUM" . "(5!i(B")
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247 ("OM" . "(5!i(B")
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248 (".r" . "(5Oh(B")
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249 (".n" . "(5"(B")
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250 (".N" . "(5!(B")
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251 (".h" . "(5h(B") ; Halant
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252 (".." . "(5j(B")
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253 (".a" . "(5ji(B") ; Avagrah
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254 ("0" . "(5q(B")
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255 ("1" . "(5r(B")
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256 ("2" . "(5s(B")
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257 ("3" . "(5t(B")
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258 ("4" . "(5u(B")
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259 ("5" . "(5v(B")
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260 ("6" . "(5w(B")
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261 ("7" . "(5x(B")
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262 ("8" . "(5y(B")
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263 ("9" . "(5z(B")
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264 ))
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265
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266 ;; Regular expression matching single Indian character represented
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267 ;; by ITRANS.
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268
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269 (defvar indian-itrans-regexp
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270 (let ((consonant "\\([cs]hh?\\)\\|[kgjTDnpbyr]h?\\|\\(N\\^?\\)\\|\\(jN\\)\\|[mvqKGzfs]\\|\\(ld?\\)\\|\\(ksh\\)\\|\\(GY\\)\\|\\(\\.Dh?\\)")
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271 (vowel "\\(a[aiu]\\)\\|\\(ii\\)\\|\\(uu\\)\\|\\([RL]\\^[iI]\\)\\|[AIEOeoaiu]")
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272 (misc "[MH0-9]\\|\\(AUM\\)\\|\\(OM\\)\\|\\(\\.[rnNh\\.a]\\)")
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273 (lpre "\\(") (rpre "\\)") (orre "\\|"))
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274 (concat lpre misc rpre orre
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275 lpre lpre consonant rpre "?" lpre vowel rpre rpre orre
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276 lpre consonant rpre )))
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277
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278 ;;
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279 ;; Regular expression matching single ITRANS unit for IS 13194 characters.
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280 ;;
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281
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282 (defvar itrans-indian-regexp
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283 (let ((vowel "[(5$(B-(52(B]")
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284 (consonant "[(53(B-(5X(B]")
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285 (matra "[(5Z(B-(5g(B]")
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286 (misc "[(5q(B-(5z(B]")
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287 (lpre "\\(") (rpre "\\)") (orre "\\|"))
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288 (concat misc orre
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289 lpre consonant matra "?" rpre orre
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290 vowel)))
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291
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292 ;;
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293 ;; IS13194 - ITRANS conversion table for string matching above regexp.
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294 ;;
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295
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296 (defvar indian-itrans-alist
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297 (let ((cl indian-itrans-consonant-alist)
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298 (ml indian-itrans-other-letters-alist) rules)
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299 (while cl
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300 (let ((vl indian-itrans-vowel-sign-alist))
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301 (while vl
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302 (setq rules
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303 (cons (cons (concat (car (car cl)) (car (car vl)))
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304 (concat (cdr (car cl)) (cdr (car vl))))
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305 rules))
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306 (setq vl (cdr vl))))
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307 (setq cl (cdr cl)))
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308 (while ml
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309 (setq rules (cons (cons (car (car ml))
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310 (cdr (car ml)))
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311 rules))
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312 (setq ml (cdr ml)))
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313 rules))
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314
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315 ;;
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316 ;; Utility program to convert from ITRANS to IS 13194 in specified region.
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317 ;;
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318
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319 (defun indian-decode-itrans-region (from to)
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320 "Convert `ITRANS' mnemonics of the current region to Indian characters.
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321 When called from a program, expects two arguments,
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322 positions (integers or markers) specifying the stretch of the region."
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323 (interactive "r")
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324 (save-restriction
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325 (narrow-to-region from to)
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326 (goto-char (point-min))
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327 (while (re-search-forward indian-itrans-regexp nil t)
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328 (let* ((itrans (buffer-substring (match-beginning 0) (match-end 0)))
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329 (ch (cdr (assoc itrans indian-itrans-alist))))
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330 (if ch
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331 (progn
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332 (delete-region (match-beginning 0) (match-end 0))
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333 (insert ch)))))
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334 (goto-char (point-min))
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335 (while (re-search-forward "\\((5h(B\\)[^\\c0]" nil t)
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336 (delete-region (match-beginning 1) (match-end 1)))))
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337
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338 ;;
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339 ;; Utility program to convert from IS 13194 to ITRANS in specified region.
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340 ;;
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341
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342 (defun indian-encode-itrans-region (from to)
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343 "Convert indian region to ITRANS mnemonics."
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344 (interactive "r")
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345 (save-restriction
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346 (narrow-to-region from to)
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347 (goto-char (point-min))
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348 (while (re-search-forward itrans-indian-regexp nil t)
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349 (let* ((indian (buffer-substring (match-beginning 0) (match-end 0)))
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350 (ch (car (rassoc indian indian-itrans-alist))))
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351 (if ch
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352 (progn
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353 (delete-region (match-beginning 0) (match-end 0))
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354 (insert ch)))))
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355 (goto-char (point-min))))
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356
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357 ;;; indian.el ends here
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