Aquinas: summa/latin/sth2071.html annotate

annotate summa/latin/sth2071.html @ 86:dd8a8c8eb56d

completed FP_ix

author	ht
date	Sun, 03 Feb 2013 10:50:36 +0000
parents	d777cc3962f2
children	71f2c033089e

rev	line source
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2 <!DOCTYPE html
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	3 PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "file:///c:/cygwin/usr/local/share/lib/xml/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	4 <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="LA" lang="LA">
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5 <head>
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	6 <meta content="HTML Tidy for Windows (vers 1st February 2005), see www.w3.org" name="generator"/>
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	7 <meta content="text/html; charset=us-ascii" http-equiv="Content-Type"/>
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	8 <meta content="text/css" http-equiv="Content-Style-Type"/>
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	9 <meta content="text/javascript" http-equiv="Content-Script-Type"/>
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	10 <meta content="Thomas de Aquino, Summa Theologiae, Corpus Thomisticum" name="keywords"/>
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	11 <meta content="Latin" name="language"/>
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	12 <meta content="public" name="security"/>
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	13 <meta content="ealarcon@unav.es" name="owner"/>
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	14 <meta content="Enrique Alarcón" name="author"/>
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	15 <meta content="" name="abstract"/>
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	16 <link type="text/css" href="vscreen.css" media="screen" rel="stylesheet"/>
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	17 <link type="text/css" href="vprint.css" media="print" rel="stylesheet"/>
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	18 <title>Thomas de Aquino, Summa Theologiae, Iª-IIae q.
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	19 71</title>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	20 </head>
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	21 <body><a href="http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/"/><div class="tres">CORPUS THOMISTICUM</div><div class="uno">Sancti Thomae de Aquino</div><div class="uno">Summa Theologiae</div><div class="dos">prima pars secundae partis quaestio LXXI</div><div class="centro">
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	22 <table summary="Imago" align="center">
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	23 <tr>
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	24 <th><img align="middle" alt="Thomas de Aquino a Filippino Lippi depictus (Cappella Carafa, S. Maria sopra Minerva, Roma)" border="0" height="190" width="275" src="icons/fugit190.jpg"/></th>
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	25 </tr>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	26 </table>
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	27 <br/>
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	28 <span class="tres">Textum Leoninum Romae 1892 editum<br/>
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	29 ac automato translatum a Roberto Busa SJ in taenias
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	30 magneticas<br/>
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	31 denuo recognovit Enrique Alarcón atque instruxit<br/>
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	32 <br/></span><br/>
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	33 <hr/>
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	34 <br/>
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	35 <p><a href="sth2055.html"><img alt="age retro" border="0" align="middle" height="19" width="19" src="icons/ageretro.gif"/></a>
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	36 <a href="sth2072.html"><img alt="age ultra" border="0" align="middle" height="19" width="19" src="icons/ageultra.gif"/></a></p>
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	37 <script type="text/javascript" language="JavaScript">
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	38 //
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	39 <!--
26 4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	40 // original code by Bill Trefzger 12/12/96; revised by Enrique Alarcon 12/9/2000
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	41 function go(){if(document.selecter.select1.options[document.selecter.select1.selectedIndex].value !="none"){location=document.selecter.select1.options[document.selecter.select1.selectedIndex].value}}
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	42 document.write('<FORM NAME="selecter"><SELECT NAME="select1">');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	43 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="none">INDEX');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	44 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="none">------------------------------------------------');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	45 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="index.html">Corpus Thomisticum');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	46 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="iopera.html">Opera omnia');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	47 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="zbiblia.html">Bibliographia Thomistica');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	48 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="none">------------------------------------------------');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	49 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36481">I&ordf;-IIae q. 71 pr.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	50 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36482">I&ordf;-IIae q. 71 a. 1 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	51 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36483">I&ordf;-IIae q. 71 a. 1 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	52 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36484">I&ordf;-IIae q. 71 a. 1 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	53 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36485">I&ordf;-IIae q. 71 a. 1 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	54 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36486">I&ordf;-IIae q. 71 a. 1 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	55 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36487">I&ordf;-IIae q. 71 a. 1 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	56 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36488">I&ordf;-IIae q. 71 a. 1 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	57 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36489">I&ordf;-IIae q. 71 a. 1 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	58 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36490">I&ordf;-IIae q. 71 a. 2 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	59 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36491">I&ordf;-IIae q. 71 a. 2 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	60 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36492">I&ordf;-IIae q. 71 a. 2 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	61 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36493">I&ordf;-IIae q. 71 a. 2 arg. 4');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	62 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36494">I&ordf;-IIae q. 71 a. 2 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	63 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36495">I&ordf;-IIae q. 71 a. 2 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	64 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36496">I&ordf;-IIae q. 71 a. 2 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	65 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36497">I&ordf;-IIae q. 71 a. 2 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	66 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36498">I&ordf;-IIae q. 71 a. 2 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	67 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36499">I&ordf;-IIae q. 71 a. 2 ad 4');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	68 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36500">I&ordf;-IIae q. 71 a. 3 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	69 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36501">I&ordf;-IIae q. 71 a. 3 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	70 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36502">I&ordf;-IIae q. 71 a. 3 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	71 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36503">I&ordf;-IIae q. 71 a. 3 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	72 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36504">I&ordf;-IIae q. 71 a. 3 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	73 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36505">I&ordf;-IIae q. 71 a. 3 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	74 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36506">I&ordf;-IIae q. 71 a. 3 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	75 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36507">I&ordf;-IIae q. 71 a. 3 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	76 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36508">I&ordf;-IIae q. 71 a. 4 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	77 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36509">I&ordf;-IIae q. 71 a. 4 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	78 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36510">I&ordf;-IIae q. 71 a. 4 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	79 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36511">I&ordf;-IIae q. 71 a. 4 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	80 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36512">I&ordf;-IIae q. 71 a. 4 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	81 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36513">I&ordf;-IIae q. 71 a. 4 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	82 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36514">I&ordf;-IIae q. 71 a. 4 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	83 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36515">I&ordf;-IIae q. 71 a. 4 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	84 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36516">I&ordf;-IIae q. 71 a. 5 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	85 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36517">I&ordf;-IIae q. 71 a. 5 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	86 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36518">I&ordf;-IIae q. 71 a. 5 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	87 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36519">I&ordf;-IIae q. 71 a. 5 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	88 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36520">I&ordf;-IIae q. 71 a. 5 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	89 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36521">I&ordf;-IIae q. 71 a. 5 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	90 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36522">I&ordf;-IIae q. 71 a. 5 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	91 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36523">I&ordf;-IIae q. 71 a. 5 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	92 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36524">I&ordf;-IIae q. 71 a. 6 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	93 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36525">I&ordf;-IIae q. 71 a. 6 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	94 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36526">I&ordf;-IIae q. 71 a. 6 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	95 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36527">I&ordf;-IIae q. 71 a. 6 arg. 4');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	96 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36528">I&ordf;-IIae q. 71 a. 6 arg. 5');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	97 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36529">I&ordf;-IIae q. 71 a. 6 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	98 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36530">I&ordf;-IIae q. 71 a. 6 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	99 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36531">I&ordf;-IIae q. 71 a. 6 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	100 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36532">I&ordf;-IIae q. 71 a. 6 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	101 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36533">I&ordf;-IIae q. 71 a. 6 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	102 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36534">I&ordf;-IIae q. 71 a. 6 ad 4');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	103 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36535">I&ordf;-IIae q. 71 a. 6 ad 5');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	104 document.write('<\/SELECT>');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	105 document.write('<BR><BR>');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	106 document.write('<INPUT TYPE="button" VALUE="Agedum" ONCLICK="go()">');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	107 document.write('<\/FORM>');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	108 // -->
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	109 //
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	110 </script><br/>
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	111 <hr/>
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	112 <br/></div><div class="q" id="q71"><h2>Quaestio 71</h2><div class="p"><h3>Prooemium</h3><p title="I-II q. 71 pr."><a name="36481"><span class="ref">[36481]
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	113 Iª-IIae q. 71 pr.</span></a> Consequenter considerandum est de
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	114 vitiis et peccatis. Circa quae sex consideranda occurrunt, primo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	115 quidem, de ipsis vitiis et peccatis secundum se; secundo, de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	116 distinctione eorum; tertio, de comparatione eorum ad invicem;
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	117 quarto, de subiecto peccati; quinto, de causa eius; sexto, de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	118 effectu ipsius. Circa primum quaeruntur sex. Primo, utrum vitium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	119 contrarietur virtuti. Secundo, utrum vitium sit contra naturam.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	120 Tertio, quid sit peius, utrum vitium vel actus vitiosus. Quarto,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	121 utrum actus vitiosus possit esse simul cum virtute. Quinto, utrum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	122 in omni peccato sit aliquis actus. Sexto, de definitione peccati
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	123 quam Augustinus ponit, XXII contra Faustum, <i>peccatum est dictum
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	124 vel factum vel concupitum contra legem aeternam</i>.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 1</h3><p title="I-II q. 71 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="36482"><span class="ref">[36482] Iª-IIae q. 71 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad primum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	125 sic proceditur. Videtur quod vitium non contrarietur virtuti. Uni
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	126 enim unum est contrarium, ut probatur in X Metaphys. Sed virtuti
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	127 contrariantur peccatum et malitia. Non ergo contrariatur ei vitium,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	128 quia vitium dicitur etiam si sit indebita dispositio membrorum
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	129 corporalium, vel quarumcumque rerum.</p><p title="I-II q. 71 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="36483"><span class="ref">[36483] Iª-IIae q. 71 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	130 virtus nominat quandam perfectionem potentiae. Sed vitium nihil
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	131 nominat ad potentiam pertinens. Ergo vitium non contrariatur
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	132 virtuti.</p><p title="I-II q. 71 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="36484"><span class="ref">[36484] Iª-IIae q. 71 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	133 Tullius dicit, in IV de Tusculanis quaest., quod <i>virtus est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	134 quaedam sanitas animae</i>. Sanitati autem opponitur aegritudo vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	135 morbus, magis quam vitium. Ergo virtuti non contrariatur
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	136 vitium.</p><p title="I-II q. 71 a. 1 s. c."><a name="36485"><span class="ref">[36485] Iª-IIae q. 71 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	137 est quod dicit Augustinus, in libro de perfectione iustitiae, quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	138 <i>vitium est qualitas secundum quam malus est animus</i>. Virtus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	139 autem est qualitas quae facit bonum habentem, ut ex supradictis
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	140 patet. Ergo vitium contrariatur virtuti.</p><p title="I-II q. 71 a. 1 co."><a name="36486"><span class="ref">[36486] Iª-IIae q. 71 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	141 dicendum quod circa virtutem duo possumus considerare, scilicet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	142 ipsam essentiam virtutis; et id ad quod est virtus. In essentia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	143 quidem virtutis aliquid considerari potest directe; et aliquid ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	144 consequenti. Directe quidem virtus importat dispositionem quandam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	145 alicuius convenienter se habentis secundum modum suae naturae, unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	146 philosophus dicit, in VII Physic. quod <i>virtus est dispositio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	147 perfecti ad optimum; dico autem perfecti, quod est dispositum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	148 secundum naturam</i>. Ex consequenti autem sequitur quod virtus sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	149 bonitas quaedam, in hoc enim consistit uniuscuiusque rei bonitas,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	150 quod convenienter se habeat secundum modum suae naturae. Id autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	151 ad quod virtus ordinatur, est actus bonus, ut ex supradictis patet.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	152 Secundum hoc igitur tria inveniuntur opponi virtuti. Quorum unum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	153 est peccatum, quod opponitur sibi ex parte eius ad quod virtus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	154 ordinatur, nam peccatum proprie nominat actum inordinatum, sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	155 actus virtutis est actus ordinatus et debitus. Secundum autem quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	156 ad rationem virtutis consequitur quod sit bonitas quaedam,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	157 opponitur virtuti malitia. Sed secundum id quod directe est de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	158 ratione virtutis, opponitur virtuti vitium, vitium enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	159 uniuscuiusque rei esse videtur quod non sit disposita secundum quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	160 convenit suae naturae. Unde Augustinus dicit, in III de Lib. Arb.,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	161 <i>quod perfectioni naturae deesse perspexeris, id voca
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	162 vitium</i>.</p><p title="I-II q. 71 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="36487"><span class="ref">[36487] Iª-IIae q. 71 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	163 ergo dicendum quod illa tria non contrariantur virtuti secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	164 idem, sed peccatum quidem contrariatur secundum quod virtus est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	165 operativa boni; malitia autem secundum quod est bonitas quaedam;
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	166 vitium autem proprie secundum quod est virtus.</p><p title="I-II q. 71 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="36488"><span class="ref">[36488] Iª-IIae q. 71 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	167 dicendum quod virtus non solum importat perfectionem potentiae quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	168 est principium agendi, sed etiam importat debitam dispositionem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	169 eius cuius est virtus, et hoc ideo quia unumquodque operatur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	170 secundum quod actu est. Requiritur ergo quod aliquid sit in se bene
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	171 dispositum, quod debet esse boni operativum. Et secundum hoc
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	172 virtuti vitium opponitur.</p><p title="I-II q. 71 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="36489"><span class="ref">[36489] Iª-IIae q. 71 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	173 dicendum quod, sicut Tullius dicit, in IV de Tusculanis quaest.,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	174 morbi et aegrotationes partes sunt vitiositatis, in corporibus enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	175 morbum appellant totius corporis corruptionem, puta febrem vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	176 aliquid huiusmodi; aegrotationem vero, morbum cum imbecillitate;
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	177 vitium autem, cum partes corporis inter se dissident. Et quamvis in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	178 corpore quandoque sit morbus sine aegrotatione, puta cum aliquis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	179 est interius male dispositus, non tamen exterius praepeditur a
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	180 solitis operationibus; in animo tamen, ut ipse dicit, haec duo non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	181 possunt nisi cogitatione secerni. Necesse est enim quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	182 quandocumque aliquis interius est male dispositus, habens
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	183 inordinatum affectum, quod ex hoc imbecillis reddatur ad debitas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	184 operationes exercendas, quia unaquaeque arbor ex suo fructu
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	185 cognoscitur, idest homo ex opere, ut dicitur Matth. XII. <i>Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	186 vitium animi</i>, ut Tullius ibidem dicit, <i>est habitus aut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	187 affectio animi in tota vita inconstans, et a seipsa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	188 dissentiens</i>. Quod quidem invenitur etiam absque morbo vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	189 aegrotatione, ut puta cum aliquis ex infirmitate vel ex passione
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	190 peccat. Unde in plus se habet vitium quam aegrotatio vel morbus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	191 sicut etiam virtus in plus se habet quam sanitas, nam sanitas etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	192 quaedam virtus ponitur in VII Physic. Et ideo virtuti convenientius
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	193 opponitur vitium quam aegrotatio vel morbus.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 2</h3><p title="I-II q. 71 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="36490"><span class="ref">[36490] Iª-IIae q. 71 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad secundum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	194 sic proceditur. Videtur quod vitium non sit contra naturam. Vitium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	195 enim contrariatur virtuti, ut dictum est. Sed virtutes non sunt in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	196 nobis a natura, sed causantur in nobis per infusionem aut ab
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	197 assuetudine, ut dictum est. Ergo vitia non sunt contra naturam.</p><p title="I-II q. 71 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="36491"><span class="ref">[36491] Iª-IIae q. 71 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	198 ea quae sunt contra naturam, non possunt assuefieri, sicut lapis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	199 nunquam assuescit ferri sursum, ut dicitur in II Ethic. Sed aliqui
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	200 assuefiunt ad vitia. Ergo vitia non sunt contra naturam.</p><p title="I-II q. 71 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="36492"><span class="ref">[36492] Iª-IIae q. 71 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	201 nihil quod est contra naturam, invenitur in habentibus illam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	202 naturam ut in pluribus. Sed vitia inveniuntur in hominibus ut in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	203 pluribus, quia, sicut dicitur Matth. VII, <i>lata est via quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	204 ducit ad perditionem, et multi vadunt per eam</i>. Ergo vitium non
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	205 est contra naturam.</p><p title="I-II q. 71 a. 2 arg. 4"><a name="36493"><span class="ref">[36493] Iª-IIae q. 71 a. 2 arg. 4</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	206 peccatum comparatur ad vitium sicut actus ad habitum, ut ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	207 supradictis patet. Sed peccatum definitur esse dictum vel factum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	208 vel concupitum contra legem Dei; ut patet per Augustinum, XXII
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	209 contra Faustum. Lex autem Dei est supra naturam. Magis ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	210 dicendum est quod vitium sit contra legem, quam sit contra
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	211 naturam.</p><p title="I-II q. 71 a. 2 s. c."><a name="36494"><span class="ref">[36494] Iª-IIae q. 71 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	212 est quod Augustinus dicit, in III de Lib. Arb., <i>omne vitium, eo
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	213 ipso quod vitium est, contra naturam est</i>.</p><p title="I-II q. 71 a. 2 co."><a name="36495"><span class="ref">[36495] Iª-IIae q. 71 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	214 dicendum quod, sicut dictum est, vitium virtuti contrariatur.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	215 Virtus autem uniuscuiusque rei consistit in hoc quod sit bene
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	216 disposita secundum convenientiam suae naturae, ut supra dictum est.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	217 Unde oportet quod in qualibet re vitium dicatur ex hoc quod est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	218 disposita contra id quod convenit naturae. Unde et de hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	219 unaquaeque res vituperatur, <i>a vitio autem nomen vituperationis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	220 tractum creditur</i>, ut Augustinus dicit, in III de Lib. Arb. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	221 considerandum est quod natura uniuscuiusque rei potissime est forma
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	222 secundum quam res speciem sortitur. Homo autem in specie
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	223 constituitur per animam rationalem. Et ideo id quod est contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	224 ordinem rationis, proprie est contra naturam hominis inquantum est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	225 homo; quod autem est secundum rationem, est secundum naturam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	226 hominis inquantum est homo. <i>Bonum autem hominis est secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	227 rationem esse, et malum hominis est praeter rationem esse</i>, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	228 Dionysius dicit, IV cap. de Div. Nom. Unde virtus humana, quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	229 hominem facit bonum, et opus ipsius bonum reddit, intantum est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	230 secundum naturam hominis, inquantum convenit rationi, vitium autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	231 intantum est contra naturam hominis, inquantum est contra ordinem
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	232 rationis.</p><p title="I-II q. 71 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="36496"><span class="ref">[36496] Iª-IIae q. 71 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	233 ergo dicendum quod virtutes, etsi non causentur a natura secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	234 suum esse perfectum, tamen inclinant ad id quod est secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	235 naturam, idest secundum ordinem rationis, dicit enim Tullius, in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	236 sua rhetorica, quod <i>virtus est habitus in modum naturae rationi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	237 consentaneus</i>. Et hoc modo virtus dicitur esse secundum naturam,
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	238 et per contrarium intelligitur quod vitium sit contra naturam.</p><p title="I-II q. 71 a. 2 ad 2"><a name="36497"><span class="ref">[36497] Iª-IIae q. 71 a. 2 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	239 dicendum quod philosophus ibi loquitur de his quae sunt contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	240 naturam, secundum quod esse contra naturam opponitur ei quod est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	241 esse a natura, non autem secundum quod esse contra naturam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	242 opponitur ei quod est esse secundum naturam, eo modo quo virtutes
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	243 dicuntur esse secundum naturam, inquantum inclinant ad id quod
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	244 naturae convenit.</p><p title="I-II q. 71 a. 2 ad 3"><a name="36498"><span class="ref">[36498] Iª-IIae q. 71 a. 2 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	245 dicendum quod in homine est duplex natura, scilicet rationalis et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	246 sensitiva. Et quia per operationem sensus homo pervenit ad actus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	247 rationis, ideo plures sequuntur inclinationes naturae sensitivae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	248 quam ordinem rationis, plures enim sunt qui assequuntur principium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	249 rei, quam qui ad consummationem perveniunt. Ex hoc autem vitia et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	250 peccata in hominibus proveniunt, quod sequuntur inclinationem
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	251 naturae sensitivae contra ordinem rationis.</p><p title="I-II q. 71 a. 2 ad 4"><a name="36499"><span class="ref">[36499] Iª-IIae q. 71 a. 2 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	252 dicendum quod quidquid est contra rationem artificiati, est etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	253 contra naturam artis, qua artificiatum producitur. Lex autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	254 aeterna comparatur ad ordinem rationis humanae sicut ars ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	255 artificiatum. Unde eiusdem rationis est quod vitium et peccatum sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	256 contra ordinem rationis humanae, et quod sit contra legem aeternam.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	257 Unde Augustinus dicit, in III de Lib. Arb., quod <i>a Deo habent
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	258 omnes naturae quod naturae sunt, et intantum sunt vitiosae,
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	259 inquantum ab eius, qua factae sunt, arte discedunt</i>.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 3</h3><p title="I-II q. 71 a. 3 arg. 1"><a name="36500"><span class="ref">[36500] Iª-IIae q. 71 a. 3 arg. 1</span></a> Ad tertium
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	260 sic proceditur. Videtur quod vitium, idest habitus malus sit peius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	261 quam peccatum, idest actus malus. Sicut enim bonum quod est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	262 diuturnius, est melius; ita malum quod est diuturnius, est peius.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	263 Sed habitus vitiosus est diuturnior quam actus vitiosi, qui statim
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	264 transeunt. Ergo habitus vitiosus est peior quam actus vitiosus.</p><p title="I-II q. 71 a. 3 arg. 2"><a name="36501"><span class="ref">[36501] Iª-IIae q. 71 a. 3 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	265 plura mala sunt magis fugienda quam unum malum. Sed habitus malus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	266 virtualiter est causa multorum malorum actuum. Ergo habitus
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	267 vitiosus est peior quam actus vitiosus.</p><p title="I-II q. 71 a. 3 arg. 3"><a name="36502"><span class="ref">[36502] Iª-IIae q. 71 a. 3 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	268 causa est potior quam effectus. Sed habitus perficit actum tam in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	269 bonitate quam in malitia. Ergo habitus est potior actu et in
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	270 bonitate et in malitia.</p><p title="I-II q. 71 a. 3 s. c."><a name="36503"><span class="ref">[36503] Iª-IIae q. 71 a. 3 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	271 pro actu vitioso aliquis iuste punitur, non autem pro habitu
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	272 vitioso, si non procedat ad actum. Ergo actus vitiosus est peior
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	273 quam habitus vitiosus.</p><p title="I-II q. 71 a. 3 co."><a name="36504"><span class="ref">[36504] Iª-IIae q. 71 a. 3 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	274 dicendum quod habitus medio modo se habet inter potentiam et actum.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	275 Manifestum est autem quod actus in bono et in malo praeeminet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	276 potentiae, ut dicitur in IX Metaphys., melius est enim bene agere
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	277 quam posse bene agere; et similiter vituperabilius est male agere
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	278 quam posse male agere. Unde etiam sequitur quod habitus in bonitate
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	279 et in malitia medium gradum obtineat inter potentiam et actum, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	280 scilicet, sicut habitus bonus vel malus praeeminet in bonitate vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	281 malitia potentiae, ita etiam subdatur actui. Quod etiam ex hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	282 apparet, quod habitus non dicitur bonus vel malus nisi ex hoc quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	283 inclinat ad actum bonum vel malum. Unde propter bonitatem vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	284 malitiam actus, dicitur habitus bonus vel malus. Et sic potior est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	285 actus in bonitate vel malitia quam habitus, quia propter quod
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	286 unumquodque tale, et illud magis est.</p><p title="I-II q. 71 a. 3 ad 1"><a name="36505"><span class="ref">[36505] Iª-IIae q. 71 a. 3 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	287 ergo dicendum quod nihil prohibet aliquid esse simpliciter altero
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	288 potius, quod tamen secundum quid ab eo deficit. Simpliciter enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	289 potius iudicatur quod praeeminet quantum ad id quod per se
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	290 consideratur in utroque, secundum quid autem quod praeeminet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	291 secundum id quod per accidens se habet ad utrumque. Ostensum est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	292 autem ex ipsa ratione actus et habitus, quod actus est potior in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	293 bonitate et malitia quam habitus. Quod autem habitus sit diuturnior
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	294 quam actus, accidit ex eo quod utrumque invenitur in tali natura
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	295 quae non potest semper agere, et cuius actio est in motu
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	296 transeunte. Unde simpliciter actus est potior tam in bonitate quam
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	297 in malitia, sed habitus est potior secundum quid.</p><p title="I-II q. 71 a. 3 ad 2"><a name="36506"><span class="ref">[36506] Iª-IIae q. 71 a. 3 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	298 dicendum quod habitus non est simpliciter plures actus, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	299 secundum quid, idest virtute. Unde ex hoc non potest concludi quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	300 habitus sit simpliciter potior in bonitate vel malitia quam
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	301 actus.</p><p title="I-II q. 71 a. 3 ad 3"><a name="36507"><span class="ref">[36507] Iª-IIae q. 71 a. 3 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	302 dicendum quod habitus est causa actus in genere causae efficientis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	303 sed actus est causa habitus in genere causae finalis, secundum quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	304 consideratur ratio boni et mali. Et ideo in bonitate et malitia
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	305 actus praeeminet habitui.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 4</h3><p title="I-II q. 71 a. 4 arg. 1"><a name="36508"><span class="ref">[36508] Iª-IIae q. 71 a. 4 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quartum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	306 sic proceditur. Videtur quod actus vitiosus, sive peccatum, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	307 possit simul esse cum virtute. Contraria enim non possunt esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	308 simul in eodem. Sed peccatum quodammodo contrariatur virtuti, ut
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	309 dictum est. Ergo peccatum non potest simul esse cum virtute.</p><p title="I-II q. 71 a. 4 arg. 2"><a name="36509"><span class="ref">[36509] Iª-IIae q. 71 a. 4 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	310 peccatum est peius quam vitium, idest actus malus quam habitus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	311 malus. Sed vitium non potest simul esse in eodem cum virtute. Ergo
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	312 neque peccatum.</p><p title="I-II q. 71 a. 4 arg. 3"><a name="36510"><span class="ref">[36510] Iª-IIae q. 71 a. 4 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	313 sicut peccatum accidit in rebus voluntariis, ita et in rebus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	314 naturalibus, ut dicitur in II Physic. Sed nunquam in rebus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	315 naturalibus accidit peccatum nisi per aliquam corruptionem virtutis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	316 naturalis, sicut monstra accidunt corrupto aliquo principio in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	317 semine, ut dicitur in II Physic. Ergo etiam in rebus voluntariis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	318 non accidit peccatum nisi corrupta aliqua virtute animae. Et sic
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	319 peccatum et virtus non possunt esse in eodem.</p><p title="I-II q. 71 a. 4 s. c."><a name="36511"><span class="ref">[36511] Iª-IIae q. 71 a. 4 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	320 est quod philosophus dicit, in II Ethic., quod per contraria virtus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	321 generatur et corrumpitur. Sed unus actus virtuosus non causat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	322 virtutem, ut supra habitum est. Ergo neque unus actus peccati
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	323 tollit virtutem. Possunt ergo simul in eodem esse.</p><p title="I-II q. 71 a. 4 co."><a name="36512"><span class="ref">[36512] Iª-IIae q. 71 a. 4 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	324 dicendum quod peccatum comparatur ad virtutem sicut actus malus ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	325 habitum bonum. Aliter autem se habet habitus in anima, et forma in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	326 re naturali. Forma enim naturalis ex necessitate producit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	327 operationem sibi convenientem, unde non potest esse simul cum forma
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	328 naturali actus formae contrariae; sicut non potest esse cum calore
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	329 actus infrigidationis, neque simul cum levitate motus descensionis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	330 nisi forte ex violentia exterioris moventis. Sed habitus in anima
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	331 non ex necessitate producit suam operationem, sed homo utitur eo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	332 cum voluerit. Unde simul habitu in homine existente, potest non uti
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	333 habitu, aut agere contrarium actum. Et sic potest habens virtutem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	334 procedere ad actum peccati. Actus autem peccati, si comparetur ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	335 ipsam virtutem prout est habitus quidam, non potest ipsam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	336 corrumpere, si sit unus tantum, sicut enim non generatur habitus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	337 per unum actum, ita nec per unum actum corrumpitur, ut supra dictum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	338 est. Sed si comparetur actus peccati ad causam virtutum, sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	339 possibile est quod per unum actum peccati aliquae virtutes
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	340 corrumpantur. Quodlibet enim peccatum mortale contrariatur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	341 caritati, quae est radix omnium virtutum infusarum, inquantum sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	342 virtutes, et ideo per unum actum peccati mortalis, exclusa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	343 caritate, excluduntur per consequens omnes virtutes infusae,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	344 quantum ad hoc quod sunt virtutes. Et hoc dico propter fidem et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	345 spem, quarum habitus remanent informes post peccatum mortale, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	346 sic non sunt virtutes. Sed peccatum veniale, quod non contrariatur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	347 caritati nec excludit ipsam, per consequens etiam non excludit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	348 alias virtutes. Virtutes vero acquisitae non tolluntur per unum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	349 actum cuiuscumque peccati. Sic igitur peccatum mortale non potest
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	350 simul esse cum virtutibus infusis, potest tamen simul esse cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	351 virtutibus acquisitis. Peccatum vero veniale potest simul esse et
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	352 cum virtutibus infusis, et cum acquisitis.</p><p title="I-II q. 71 a. 4 ad 1"><a name="36513"><span class="ref">[36513] Iª-IIae q. 71 a. 4 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	353 ergo dicendum quod peccatum non contrariatur virtuti secundum se,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	354 sed secundum suum actum. Et ideo peccatum non potest simul esse cum
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	355 actu virtutis, potest tamen simul esse cum habitu.</p><p title="I-II q. 71 a. 4 ad 2"><a name="36514"><span class="ref">[36514] Iª-IIae q. 71 a. 4 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	356 dicendum quod vitium directe contrariatur virtuti, sicut et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	357 peccatum actui virtuoso. Et ideo vitium excludit virtutem, sicut
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	358 peccatum excludit actum virtutis.</p><p title="I-II q. 71 a. 4 ad 3"><a name="36515"><span class="ref">[36515] Iª-IIae q. 71 a. 4 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	359 dicendum quod virtutes naturales agunt ex necessitate, et ideo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	360 integra existente virtute, nunquam peccatum potest in actu
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	361 inveniri. Sed virtutes animae non producunt actus ex necessitate,
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	362 unde non est similis ratio.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 5</h3><p title="I-II q. 71 a. 5 arg. 1"><a name="36516"><span class="ref">[36516] Iª-IIae q. 71 a. 5 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quintum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	363 sic proceditur. Videtur quod in quolibet peccato sit aliquis actus.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	364 Sicut enim meritum comparatur ad virtutem, ita peccatum ad vitium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	365 comparatur. Sed meritum non potest esse absque aliquo actu. Ergo
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	366 nec peccatum potest esse absque aliquo actu.</p><p title="I-II q. 71 a. 5 arg. 2"><a name="36517"><span class="ref">[36517] Iª-IIae q. 71 a. 5 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	367 Augustinus dicit, in libro de Lib. Arb., quod <i>omne peccatum adeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	368 est voluntarium, quod si non sit voluntarium, non est peccatum</i>.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	369 Sed non potest esse aliquid voluntarium nisi per actum voluntatis.
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	370 Ergo omne peccatum habet aliquem actum.</p><p title="I-II q. 71 a. 5 arg. 3"><a name="36518"><span class="ref">[36518] Iª-IIae q. 71 a. 5 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	371 si peccatum esset absque aliquo actu, sequeretur quod ex hoc ipso
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	372 quod aliquis cessat ab actu debito, peccaret. Sed continue aliquis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	373 cessat ab actu debito, ille scilicet qui nunquam actum debitum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	374 operatur. Ergo sequeretur quod continue peccaret, quod est falsum.
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	375 Non ergo est aliquod peccatum absque actu.</p><p title="I-II q. 71 a. 5 s. c."><a name="36519"><span class="ref">[36519] Iª-IIae q. 71 a. 5 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	376 est quod dicitur Iac. IV, <i>scienti bonum facere et non facienti,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	377 peccatum est illi</i>. Sed non facere non importat aliquem actum.
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	378 Ergo peccatum potest esse absque actu.</p><p title="I-II q. 71 a. 5 co."><a name="36520"><span class="ref">[36520] Iª-IIae q. 71 a. 5 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	379 dicendum quod quaestio ista principaliter movetur propter peccatum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	380 omissionis, de quo aliqui diversimode opinantur. Quidam enim dicunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	381 quod in omni peccato omissionis est aliquis actus vel interior vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	382 exterior. Interior quidem, sicut cum aliquis vult non ire ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	383 Ecclesiam quando ire tenetur. Exterior autem, sicut cum aliquis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	384 illa hora qua ad Ecclesiam ire tenetur, vel etiam ante, occupat se
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	385 talibus quibus ab eundo ad Ecclesiam impeditur. Et hoc quodammodo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	386 videtur in primum redire, qui enim vult aliquid cum quo aliud simul
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	387 esse non potest, ex consequenti vult illo carere; nisi forte non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	388 perpendat quod per hoc quod vult facere, impeditur ab eo quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	389 facere tenetur; in quo casu posset per negligentiam culpabilis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	390 iudicari. Alii vero dicunt quod in peccato omissionis non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	391 requiritur aliquis actus, ipsum enim non facere quod quis facere
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	392 tenetur, peccatum est. Utraque autem opinio secundum aliquid
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	393 veritatem habet. Si enim intelligatur in peccato omissionis illud
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	394 solum quod per se pertinet ad rationem peccati, sic quandoque
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	395 omissionis peccatum est cum actu interiori, ut cum aliquis vult non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	396 ire ad Ecclesiam, quandoque vero absque omni actu vel interiori vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	397 exteriori, sicut cum aliquis hora qua tenetur ire ad Ecclesiam,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	398 nihil cogitat de eundo vel non eundo ad Ecclesiam. Si vero in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	399 peccato omissionis intelligantur etiam causae vel occasiones
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	400 omittendi, sic necesse est in peccato omissionis aliquem actum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	401 esse. Non enim est peccatum omissionis nisi cum aliquis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	402 praetermittit quod potest facere et non facere. Quod autem aliquis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	403 declinet ad non faciendum illud quod potest facere et non facere,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	404 non est nisi ex aliqua causa vel occasione coniuncta vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	405 praecedente. Et si quidem causa illa non sit in potestate hominis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	406 omissio non habet rationem peccati, sicut cum aliquis propter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	407 infirmitatem praetermittit ad Ecclesiam ire. Si vero causa vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	408 occasio omittendi subiaceat voluntati, omissio habet rationem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	409 peccati, et tunc semper oportet quod ista causa, inquantum est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	410 voluntaria, habeat aliquem actum, ad minus interiorem voluntatis.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	411 Qui quidem actus quandoque directe fertur in ipsam omissionem, puta
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	412 cum aliquis vult non ire ad Ecclesiam, vitans laborem. Et tunc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	413 talis actus per se pertinet ad omissionem, voluntas enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	414 cuiuscumque peccati per se pertinet ad peccatum illud, eo quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	415 voluntarium est de ratione peccati. Quandoque autem actus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	416 voluntatis directe fertur in aliud, per quod homo impeditur ab actu
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	417 debito, sive illud in quod fertur voluntas, sit coniunctum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	418 omissioni, puta cum aliquis vult ludere quando ad Ecclesiam debet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	419 ire; sive etiam sit praecedens, puta cum aliquis vult diu vigilare
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	420 de sero, ex quo sequitur quod non vadat hora matutinali ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	421 Ecclesiam. Et tunc actus iste interior vel exterior per accidens se
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	422 habet ad omissionem, quia omissio sequitur praeter intentionem; hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	423 autem dicimus per accidens esse, quod est praeter intentionem, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	424 patet in II Physic. Unde manifestum est quod tunc peccatum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	425 omissionis habet quidem aliquem actum coniunctum vel praecedentem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	426 qui tamen per accidens se habet ad peccatum omissionis. Iudicium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	427 autem de rebus dandum est secundum illud quod est per se, et non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	428 secundum illud quod est per accidens. Unde verius dici potest quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	429 aliquod peccatum possit esse absque omni actu. Alioquin etiam ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	430 essentiam aliorum peccatorum actualium pertinerent actus et
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	431 occasiones circumstantes.</p><p title="I-II q. 71 a. 5 ad 1"><a name="36521"><span class="ref">[36521] Iª-IIae q. 71 a. 5 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	432 ergo dicendum quod plura requiruntur ad bonum quam ad malum, eo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	433 quod <i>bonum contingit ex tota integra causa, malum autem ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	434 singularibus defectibus</i>, ut Dionysius dicit, IV cap. de Div.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	435 Nom. Et ideo peccatum potest contingere sive aliquis faciat quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	436 non debet, sive non faciendo quod debet, sed meritum non potest
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	437 esse nisi aliquis faciat voluntarie quod debet. Et ideo meritum non
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	438 potest esse sine actu, sed peccatum potest esse sine actu.</p><p title="I-II q. 71 a. 5 ad 2"><a name="36522"><span class="ref">[36522] Iª-IIae q. 71 a. 5 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	439 dicendum quod aliquid dicitur voluntarium non solum quia cadit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	440 super ipsum actus voluntatis, sed quia in potestate nostra est ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	441 fiat vel non fiat, ut dicitur in III Ethic. Unde etiam ipsum non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	442 velle potest dici voluntarium, inquantum in potestate hominis est
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	443 velle et non velle.</p><p title="I-II q. 71 a. 5 ad 3"><a name="36523"><span class="ref">[36523] Iª-IIae q. 71 a. 5 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	444 dicendum quod peccatum omissionis contrariatur praecepto
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	445 affirmativo, quod obligat semper, sed non ad semper. Et ideo solum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	446 pro tempore illo aliquis cessando ab actu peccat, pro quo
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	447 praeceptum affirmativum obligat.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 6</h3><p title="I-II q. 71 a. 6 arg. 1"><a name="36524"><span class="ref">[36524] Iª-IIae q. 71 a. 6 arg. 1</span></a> Ad sextum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	448 sic proceditur. Videtur quod inconvenienter definiatur peccatum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	449 cum dicitur, peccatum est <i>dictum vel factum vel concupitum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	450 contra legem aeternam</i>. Dictum enim, vel factum, vel concupitum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	451 importat aliquem actum. Sed non omne peccatum importat aliquem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	452 actum, ut dictum est. Ergo haec definitio non includit omne
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	453 peccatum.</p><p title="I-II q. 71 a. 6 arg. 2"><a name="36525"><span class="ref">[36525] Iª-IIae q. 71 a. 6 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	454 Augustinus dicit, in libro de duabus animabus, <i>peccatum est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	455 voluntas retinendi vel consequendi quod iustitia vetat</i>. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	456 voluntas sub concupiscentia comprehenditur, secundum quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	457 concupiscentia largo modo sumitur, pro omni appetitu. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	458 suffecisset dicere, peccatum est concupitum contra legem aeternam;
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	459 nec oportuit addere, dictum vel factum.</p><p title="I-II q. 71 a. 6 arg. 3"><a name="36526"><span class="ref">[36526] Iª-IIae q. 71 a. 6 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	460 peccatum proprie consistere videtur in aversione a fine, nam bonum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	461 et malum principaliter considerantur secundum finem, ut ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	462 supradictis patet. Unde et Augustinus, in I de Lib. Arb., per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	463 comparationem ad finem definit peccatum, dicens quod <i>peccare
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	464 nihil est aliud quam, neglectis rebus aeternis, temporalia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	465 sectari</i>, et in libro octoginta trium quaest., dicit quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	466 <i>omnis humana perversitas est uti fruendis et frui utendis</i>.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	467 Sed in praemissa definitione nulla fit mentio de aversione a debito
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	468 fine. Ergo insufficienter definitur peccatum.</p><p title="I-II q. 71 a. 6 arg. 4"><a name="36527"><span class="ref">[36527] Iª-IIae q. 71 a. 6 arg. 4</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	469 ex hoc dicitur aliquid esse prohibitum, quia legi contrariatur. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	470 non omnia peccata sunt mala quia prohibita, sed quaedam sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	471 prohibita quia mala. Non ergo in communi definitione peccati debuit
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	472 poni quod sit contra legem Dei.</p><p title="I-II q. 71 a. 6 arg. 5"><a name="36528"><span class="ref">[36528] Iª-IIae q. 71 a. 6 arg. 5</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	473 peccatum significat malum hominis actum, ut ex dictis patet. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	474 malum hominis est contra rationem esse, ut Dionysius dicit, IV cap.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	475 de Div. Nom. Ergo potius debuit dici quod peccatum sit contra
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	476 rationem, quam quod peccatum sit contra legem aeternam.</p><p title="I-II q. 71 a. 6 s. c."><a name="36529"><span class="ref">[36529] Iª-IIae q. 71 a. 6 s. c.</span></a> In
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	477 contrarium sufficit auctoritas Augustini.</p><p title="I-II q. 71 a. 6 co."><a name="36530"><span class="ref">[36530] Iª-IIae q. 71 a. 6 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	478 dicendum quod, sicut ex dictis patet, peccatum nihil aliud est quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	479 actus humanus malus. Quod autem aliquis actus sit humanus, habet ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	480 hoc quod est voluntarius, sicut ex supradictis patet, sive sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	481 voluntarius quasi a voluntate elicitus, ut ipsum velle et eligere;
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	482 sive quasi a voluntate imperatus, ut exteriores actus vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	483 locutionis vel operationis. Habet autem actus humanus quod sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	484 malus, ex eo quod caret debita commensuratione. Omnis autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	485 commensuratio cuiuscumque rei attenditur per comparationem ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	486 aliquam regulam, a qua si divertat, incommensurata erit. Regula
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	487 autem voluntatis humanae est duplex, una propinqua et homogenea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	488 scilicet ipsa humana ratio; alia vero est prima regula, scilicet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	489 lex aeterna, quae est quasi ratio Dei. Et ideo Augustinus in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	490 definitione peccati posuit duo, unum quod pertinet ad substantiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	491 actus humani, quod est quasi materiale in peccato, cum dixit,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	492 dictum vel factum vel concupitum; aliud autem quod pertinet ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	493 rationem mali, quod est quasi formale in peccato, cum dixit, contra
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	494 legem aeternam.</p><p title="I-II q. 71 a. 6 ad 1"><a name="36531"><span class="ref">[36531] Iª-IIae q. 71 a. 6 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	495 ergo dicendum quod affirmatio et negatio reducuntur ad idem genus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	496 sicut in divinis genitum et ingenitum ad relationem, ut Augustinus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	497 dicit, in V de Trin. Et ideo pro eodem est accipiendum dictum et
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	498 non dictum, factum et non factum.</p><p title="I-II q. 71 a. 6 ad 2"><a name="36532"><span class="ref">[36532] Iª-IIae q. 71 a. 6 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	499 dicendum quod prima causa peccati est in voluntate, quae imperat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	500 omnes actus voluntarios, in quibus solum invenitur peccatum, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	501 ideo Augustinus quandoque per solam voluntatem definit peccatum.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	502 Sed quia etiam ipsi exteriores actus pertinent ad substantiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	503 peccati, cum sint secundum se mali, ut dictum est, necesse fuit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	504 quod in definitione peccati poneretur etiam aliquid pertinens ad
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	505 exteriores actus.</p><p title="I-II q. 71 a. 6 ad 3"><a name="36533"><span class="ref">[36533] Iª-IIae q. 71 a. 6 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	506 dicendum quod lex aeterna primo et principaliter ordinat hominem ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	507 finem, consequenter autem facit hominem bene se habere circa ea
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	508 quae sunt ad finem. Et ideo in hoc quod dicit contra legem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	509 aeternam, tangit aversionem a fine, et omnes alias
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	510 inordinationes.</p><p title="I-II q. 71 a. 6 ad 4"><a name="36534"><span class="ref">[36534] Iª-IIae q. 71 a. 6 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	511 dicendum quod, cum dicitur quod non omne peccatum ideo est malum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	512 quia est prohibitum, intelligitur de prohibitione facta per ius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	513 positivum. Si autem referatur ad ius naturale, quod continetur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	514 primo quidem in lege aeterna, secundario vero in naturali
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	515 iudicatorio rationis humanae, tunc omne peccatum est malum quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	516 prohibitum, ex hoc enim ipso quod est inordinatum, iuri naturali
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	517 repugnat.</p><p title="I-II q. 71 a. 6 ad 5"><a name="36535"><span class="ref">[36535] Iª-IIae q. 71 a. 6 ad 5</span></a> Ad quintum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	518 dicendum quod a theologis consideratur peccatum praecipue secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	519 quod est offensa contra Deum, a philosopho autem morali, secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	520 quod contrariatur rationi. Et ideo Augustinus convenientius definit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	521 peccatum ex hoc quod est contra legem aeternam, quam ex hoc quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	522 est contra rationem, praecipue cum per legem aeternam regulemur in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	523 multis quae excedunt rationem humanam, sicut in his quae sunt
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	524 fidei.</p></div></div><div class="centro"><br/>
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	525 <p><a href="sth2055.html"><img alt="age retro" border="0" align="middle" height="19" width="19" src="icons/ageretro.gif"/></a>
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	526 <a href="sth2072.html"><img alt="age ultra" border="0" align="middle" height="19" width="19" src="icons/ageultra.gif"/></a></p>
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	527 <br/>
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	528 <hr/>
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	529 <br/>
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	530 <address>© 2006 Fundación Tomás de Aquino quoad
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	531 hanc editionem<br/>
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	532 Iura omnia asservantur<br/>
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	533 OCLC nr. <a style="text-decoration=none" href="http://worldcatlibraries.org/wcpa/oclc/49644264">49644264</a></address>
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	534 </div></body>
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	535 </html>

Mercurial > hg > Aquinas

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