Aquinas: summa/latin/sth3183.html annotate

annotate summa/latin/sth3183.html @ 44:d16e7ecf99ad

add prooemium

author	ht
date	Thu, 17 Dec 2009 22:24:21 +0000
parents	544e12f679ad
children	d777cc3962f2

rev	line source
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1 <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN"
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2 "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3 <html lang="LA" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="LA">
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4 <head>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5 <meta name="generator" content=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6 "HTML Tidy for Windows (vers 1st February 2005), see www.w3.org" />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7 <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	8 "text/html; charset=us-ascii" />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	9 <meta http-equiv="Content-Style-Type" content="text/css" />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	10 <meta http-equiv="Content-Script-Type" content="text/javascript" />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	11 <meta name="keywords" content=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	12 "Thomas de Aquino, Summa Theologiae, Corpus Thomisticum" />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	13 <meta name="language" content="Latin" />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	14 <meta name="security" content="public" />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	15 <meta name="owner" content="ealarcon@unav.es" />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	16 <meta name="author" content="Enrique Alarcón" />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	17 <meta name="abstract" content="" />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	18 <link rel="stylesheet" media="screen" href="vscreen.css" type=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	19 "text/css" />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	20 <link rel="stylesheet" media="print" href="vprint.css" type=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	21 "text/css" />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	22 <title>Thomas de Aquino, Summa Theologiae, IIª-IIae q.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	23 183-189</title>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	24 </head>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	25 <body>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	26 <a href="http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/"></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	27 <div class="tres">CORPUS THOMISTICUM</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	28 <div class="uno">Sancti Thomae de Aquino</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	29 <div class="uno">Summa Theologiae</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	30 <div class="dos">secunda pars secundae partis a quaestione CLXXXIII
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	31 ad CLXXXIX</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	32 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	33 <div class="centro">
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	34 <table align="center" summary="Imago">
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	35 <tr>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	36 <th><img src="icons/fugit190.jpg" width="275" height="190" border=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	37 "0" alt=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	38 "Thomas de Aquino a Filippino Lippi depictus (Cappella Carafa, S. Maria sopra Minerva, Roma)"
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	39 align="middle" /></th>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	40 </tr>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	41 </table>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	42 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	43 <span class="tres">Textum Leoninum Romae 1899 editum<br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	44 ac automato translatum a Roberto Busa SJ in taenias
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	45 magneticas<br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	46 denuo recognovit Enrique Alarcón atque instruxit<br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	47 <br /></span><br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	48 <hr />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	49 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	50 <p><a href="sth3179.html"><img src="icons/ageretro.gif" width="19"
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	51 height="19" align="middle" border="0" alt="age retro" /></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	52 <a href="sth4000.html"><img src="icons/ageultra.gif" width="19"
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	53 height="19" align="middle" border="0" alt="age ultra" /></a></p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	54 <script language="JavaScript" type="text/javascript">
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	55 //<![CDATA[
26 4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	56 <!--
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4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	523 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#46693">IIª-IIae, q. 189 a. 6 arg. 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	524 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#46694">IIª-IIae, q. 189 a. 6 arg. 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	525 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#46695">IIª-IIae, q. 189 a. 6 s. c.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	526 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#46696">IIª-IIae, q. 189 a. 6 co.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	527 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#46697">IIª-IIae, q. 189 a. 6 ad 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	528 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#46698">IIª-IIae, q. 189 a. 6 ad 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	529 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#46699">IIª-IIae, q. 189 a. 6 ad 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	530 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#46700">IIª-IIae, q. 189 a. 7 arg. 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	531 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#46701">IIª-IIae, q. 189 a. 7 arg. 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	532 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#46702">IIª-IIae, q. 189 a. 7 arg. 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	533 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#46703">IIª-IIae, q. 189 a. 7 s. c.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	534 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#46704">IIª-IIae, q. 189 a. 7 co.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	535 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#46705">IIª-IIae, q. 189 a. 7 ad 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	536 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#46706">IIª-IIae, q. 189 a. 7 ad 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	537 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#46707">IIª-IIae, q. 189 a. 8 arg. 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	538 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#46708">IIª-IIae, q. 189 a. 8 arg. 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	539 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#46709">IIª-IIae, q. 189 a. 8 arg. 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	540 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#46710">IIª-IIae, q. 189 a. 8 s. c.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	541 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#46711">IIª-IIae, q. 189 a. 8 co.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	542 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#46712">IIª-IIae, q. 189 a. 8 ad 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	543 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#46713">IIª-IIae, q. 189 a. 8 ad 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	544 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#46714">IIª-IIae, q. 189 a. 8 ad 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	545 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#46715">IIª-IIae, q. 189 a. 9 arg. 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	546 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#46716">IIª-IIae, q. 189 a. 9 arg. 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	547 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#46717">IIª-IIae, q. 189 a. 9 arg. 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	548 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#46718">IIª-IIae, q. 189 a. 9 s. c.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	549 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#46719">IIª-IIae, q. 189 a. 9 co.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	550 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#46720">IIª-IIae, q. 189 a. 9 ad 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	551 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#46721">IIª-IIae, q. 189 a. 9 ad 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	552 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#46722">IIª-IIae, q. 189 a. 9 ad 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	553 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#46723">IIª-IIae, q. 189 a. 10 arg. 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	554 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#46724">IIª-IIae, q. 189 a. 10 arg. 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	555 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#46725">IIª-IIae, q. 189 a. 10 arg. 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	556 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#46726">IIª-IIae, q. 189 a. 10 s. c.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	557 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#46727">IIª-IIae, q. 189 a. 10 co.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	558 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#46728">IIª-IIae, q. 189 a. 10 ad 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	559 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#46729">IIª-IIae, q. 189 a. 10 ad 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	560 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#46730">IIª-IIae, q. 189 a. 10 ad 3');
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	561 document.write('<\/SELECT>');
26 4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	562 document.write('<BR><BR>');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	563 document.write('<INPUT TYPE="button" VALUE="Agedum" ONCLICK="go()">');
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	564 document.write('<\/FORM>');
26 4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	565 // -->
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	566 //]]>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	567 </script><br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	568 <hr />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	569 <br /></div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	570 <div class="D">Quaestio 183</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	571 <div class="G">Prooemium</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	572 <p title="II-II q. 183 pr."><a name="46236"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	573 "ref">[46236] IIª-IIae, q. 183 pr.</span></a> Consequenter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	574 considerandum est de diversitate statuum et officiorum humanorum.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	575 Et primo considerandum est de officiis et statibus hominum in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	576 generali; secundo, specialiter de statu perfectorum. Circa primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	577 quaeruntur quatuor. Primo, quid faciat in hominibus statum.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	578 Secundo, utrum in hominibus debeant esse diversi status, sive
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	579 diversa officia. Tertio, de differentia officiorum. Quarto, de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	580 differentia statuum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	581 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	582 <div class="E">Articulus 1</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	583 <p title="II-II q. 183 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="46237"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	584 "ref">[46237] IIª-IIae, q. 183 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	585 primum sic proceditur. Videtur quod status in sui ratione non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	586 importet conditionem libertatis vel servitutis. Status enim a
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	587 stando dicitur. Sed stare dicitur aliquis ratione rectitudinis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	588 unde dicitur Ezech. II, fili hominis, sta super pedes tuos; et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	589 Gregorius dicit, in VII Moral., ab <i>omni statu rectitudinis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	590 dispereunt qui per noxia verba dilabuntur</i> sed rectitudinem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	591 spiritualem acquirit homo per hoc quod subiicit suam voluntatem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	592 Deo, unde super illud Psalmi, rectos decet collaudatio, dicit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	593 Glossa, <i>recti sunt qui dirigunt cor suum secundum voluntatem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	594 Dei</i>. Ergo videtur quod sola obedientia divinorum mandatorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	595 sufficiat ad rationem status.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	596 <p title="II-II q. 183 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="46238"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	597 "ref">[46238] IIª-IIae, q. 183 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	598 Praeterea, nomen status immobilitatem importare videtur, secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	599 illud I ad Cor. XV, stabiles estote et immobiles. Unde Gregorius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	600 dicit, super Ezech., <i>lapis quadrus est, et quasi ex omni latere
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	601 statum habet, qui casum in aliqua permutatione non habet</i>. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	602 virtus est quae facit immobiliter operari, ut dicitur in II Ethic.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	603 Ergo videtur quod ex omni operatione virtuosa aliquis statum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	604 nanciscatur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	605 <p title="II-II q. 183 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="46239"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	606 "ref">[46239] IIª-IIae, q. 183 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	607 Praeterea, nomen status videtur ad quandam altitudinem pertinere,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	608 nam ex hoc aliquis stat quod in altum erigitur. Sed per diversa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	609 officia aliquis fit altior altero. Similiter etiam per gradus vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	610 ordines diversos diversimode homines in quadam altitudine
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	611 constituuntur. Ergo sola diversitas graduum vel ordinum vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	612 officiorum sufficit ad diversificandum statum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	613 <p title="II-II q. 183 a. 1 s. c."><a name="46240"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	614 "ref">[46240] IIª-IIae, q. 183 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	615 contra est quod in decretis, Caus. II, qu. VI, dicitur, <i>si
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	616 quando in causa capitali vel causa status interpellatum fuerit non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	617 per exploratores, sed per seipsos est agendum</i>, ubi causa status
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	618 appellatur pertinens ad libertatem vel ad servitutem. Ergo videtur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	619 quod non variet statum hominis nisi id quod pertinet ad libertatem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	620 vel servitutem.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	621 <p title="II-II q. 183 a. 1 co."><a name="46241"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	622 "ref">[46241] IIª-IIae, q. 183 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	623 dicendum quod status, proprie loquendo, significat quandam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	624 positionis differentiam secundum quam aliquis disponitur secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	625 modum suae naturae, cum quadam immobilitate. Est enim naturale
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	626 homini ut caput eius in superiora tendat, et pedes in terra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	627 firmentur, et cetera membra media convenienti ordine disponantur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	628 quod quidem non accidit si homo iaceat vel sedeat vel accumbat, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	629 solum quando erectus stat. Nec rursus stare dicitur si moveatur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	630 sed quando quiescit. Et inde est quod etiam in ipsis humanis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	631 actionibus dicitur negotium aliquem statum habere secundum ordinem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	632 propriae dispositionis, cum quadam immobilitate seu quiete. Unde et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	633 circa homines, ea quae de facili circa eos variantur et extrinseca
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	634 sunt, non constituunt statum, puta quod aliquis sit dives vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	635 pauper, in dignitate constitutus vel plebeius, vel si quid aliud
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	636 est huiusmodi, unde et in iure civili dicitur quod ei qui a senatu
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	637 amovetur, magis dignitas quam status aufertur. Sed solum illud
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	638 videtur ad statum hominis pertinere quod respicit obligationem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	639 personae hominis, prout scilicet aliquis est sui iuris vel alieni,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	640 et hoc non ex aliqua causa levi vel de facili mutabili, sed ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	641 aliquo permanente. Et hoc est quod pertinet ad rationem libertatis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	642 vel servitutis. Unde status pertinet proprie ad libertatem vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	643 servitutem, sive in spiritualibus sive in civilibus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	644 <p title="II-II q. 183 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="46242"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	645 "ref">[46242] IIª-IIae, q. 183 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	646 ergo dicendum quod rectitudo, inquantum huiusmodi, non pertinet ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	647 rationem status, sed solum inquantum est connaturalis homini, simul
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	648 addita quadam quiete. Unde in aliis animalibus non requiritur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	649 rectitudo ad hoc quod stare dicantur. Nec etiam homines stare
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	650 dicuntur, quantumcumque sint recti, nisi quiescant.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	651 <p title="II-II q. 183 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="46243"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	652 "ref">[46243] IIª-IIae, q. 183 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	653 secundum dicendum quod immobilitas non sufficit ad rationem status.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	654 Nam etiam sedens et iacens quiescunt, qui tamen non dicuntur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	655 stare.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	656 <p title="II-II q. 183 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="46244"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	657 "ref">[46244] IIª-IIae, q. 183 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	658 dicendum quod officium dicitur per comparationem ad actum; gradus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	659 autem dicitur secundum ordinem superioritatis et inferioritatis;
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	660 sed ad statum requiritur immobilitas in eo quod pertinet ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	661 conditionem personae.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	662 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	663 <div class="E">Articulus 2</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	664 <p title="II-II q. 183 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="46245"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	665 "ref">[46245] IIª-IIae, q. 183 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	666 secundum sic proceditur. Videtur quod in Ecclesia non debeat esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	667 diversitas officiorum vel statuum. Diversitas enim unitati
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	668 repugnat. Sed fideles Christi ad unitatem vocantur, secundum illud
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	669 Ioan. XVII, <i>ut sint unum in nobis, sicut et nos unum sumus</i>.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	670 Ergo in Ecclesia non debet esse diversitas officiorum vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	671 statuum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	672 <p title="II-II q. 183 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="46246"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	673 "ref">[46246] IIª-IIae, q. 183 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	674 Praeterea, natura non facit per multa quod potest per unum facere.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	675 Sed operatio gratiae est multo ordinatior quam operatio naturae.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	676 Ergo convenientius esset quod ea quae pertinent ad actus gratiae,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	677 per eosdem homines administrarentur, ita ut non esset in Ecclesia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	678 diversitas officiorum et statuum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	679 <p title="II-II q. 183 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="46247"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	680 "ref">[46247] IIª-IIae, q. 183 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	681 Praeterea, bonum Ecclesiae maxime videtur in pace consistere,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	682 secundum illud Psalmi, qui posuit fines tuos pacem. Et II ad Cor.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	683 ult. dicitur, <i>pacem habete, et Deus pacis erit vobiscum</i>. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	684 diversitas est impeditiva pacis, quam similitudo causare videtur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	685 secundum illud Eccli. XIII, <i>omne animal diligit simile sibi</i>.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	686 Et philosophus dicit, in VII Polit., quod modica differentia facit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	687 in civitate dissidium. Ergo videtur quod non oporteat in Ecclesia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	688 esse diversitatem statuum et officiorum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	689 <p title="II-II q. 183 a. 2 s. c."><a name="46248"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	690 "ref">[46248] IIª-IIae, q. 183 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	691 contra est quod in Psalmo in laudem Ecclesiae dicitur quod est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	692 circumamicta varietate, ubi dicit Glossa quod <i>doctrina
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	693 apostolorum, et confessione martyrum, et puritate virginum et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	694 lamento poenitentium, ornatur regina</i>, idest Ecclesia.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	695 <p title="II-II q. 183 a. 2 co."><a name="46249"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	696 "ref">[46249] IIª-IIae, q. 183 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	697 dicendum quod diversitas statuum et officiorum in Ecclesia ad tria
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	698 pertinet. Primo quidem, ad perfectionem ipsius Ecclesiae. Sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	699 enim in rerum naturalium ordine perfectio, quae in Deo simpliciter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	700 et uniformiter invenitur, in universitate creaturarum inveniri non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	701 potuit nisi difformiter et multipliciter ita etiam plenitudo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	702 gratiae, quae in Christo sicut in capite adunatur, ad membra eius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	703 diversimode redundat, ad hoc quod corpus Ecclesiae sit perfectum.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	704 Et hoc est quod apostolus dicit, ad Ephes. IV, <i>ipse dedit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	705 quosdam quidem apostolos, quosdam autem prophetas, alios vero
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	706 Evangelistas, alios autem pastores et doctores, ad consummationem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	707 sanctorum</i>. Secundo autem pertinet ad necessitatem actionum quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	708 sunt in Ecclesia necessariae. Oportet autem ad diversas actiones
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	709 diversos homines deputari, ad hoc quod expeditius et sine
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	710 confusione omnia peragantur. Et hoc est quod apostolus dicit, Rom.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	711 XII, <i>sicut in uno corpore multa membra habemus, omnia autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	712 membra non eundem actum habent, ita multi unum corpus sumus in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	713 Christo</i>. Tertio hoc pertinet ad dignitatem et pulchritudinem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	714 Ecclesiae, quae in quodam ordine consistit. Unde dicitur III Reg.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	715 X, quod <i>videns regina Saba omnem sapientiam Salomonis, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	716 habitacula servorum et ordines ministrantium, non habebat ultra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	717 spiritum</i>. Unde et apostolus dicit, II ad Tim. II, quod <i>in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	718 magna domo non solum sunt vasa aurea et argentea, sed et lignea et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	719 fictilia</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	720 <p title="II-II q. 183 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="46250"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	721 "ref">[46250] IIª-IIae, q. 183 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	722 ergo dicendum quod diversitas statuum et officiorum non impedit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	723 Ecclesiae unitatem, quae perficitur per unitatem fidei et caritatis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	724 et mutuae subministrationis, secundum illud apostoli, ad Ephes. IV,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	725 ex quo totum corpus est compactum, scilicet per fidem, et connexum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	726 scilicet per caritatem, per omnem iuncturam subministrationis, dum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	727 scilicet unus alii servit.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	728 <p title="II-II q. 183 a. 2 ad 2"><a name="46251"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	729 "ref">[46251] IIª-IIae, q. 183 a. 2 ad 2</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	730 secundum dicendum quod sicut natura non facit per multa quod potest
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	731 facere per unum, ita etiam non coarctat in unum id ad quod multa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	732 requiruntur, secundum illud apostoli, I ad Cor. XII, <i>si totum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	733 corpus oculus, ubi auditus?</i> Unde et in Ecclesia, quae est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	734 corpus Christi, oportuit membra diversificari secundum diversa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	735 officia, status et gradus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	736 <p title="II-II q. 183 a. 2 ad 3"><a name="46252"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	737 "ref">[46252] IIª-IIae, q. 183 a. 2 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	738 dicendum quod sicut in corpore naturali membra diversa continentur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	739 in unitate per virtutem spiritus vivificantis quo abscedente membra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	740 corporis separantur; ita etiam in corpore Ecclesiae conservatur pax
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	741 diversorum membrorum virtute spiritus sancti, qui corpus Ecclesiae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	742 vivificat, ut habetur Ioan. VI. Unde apostolus dicit, Ephes. IV,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	743 <i>solliciti servare unitatem spiritus in vinculo pacis</i>.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	744 Discedit autem aliquis ab hac unitate spiritus dum quaerit quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	745 sibi sunt propria, sicut etiam in terrena civitate pax tollitur ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	746 hoc quod cives singuli quae sua sunt quaerunt. Alioquin, per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	747 officiorum et statuum distinctionem tam mentis quam in civitate
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	748 terrena magis pax conservatur, inquantum per haec plures sunt qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	749 communicant actibus publicis. Unde et apostolus dicit, I ad Cor.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	750 XII, quod <i>Deus sic temperavit ut non sit schisma in corpore, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	751 pro invicem sollicita sint membra</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	752 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	753 <div class="E">Articulus 3</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	754 <p title="II-II q. 183 a. 3 arg. 1"><a name="46253"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	755 "ref">[46253] IIª-IIae, q. 183 a. 3 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	756 tertium sic proceditur. Videtur quod officia non distinguantur per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	757 actus. Sunt enim infinitae diversitates humanorum actuum, tam in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	758 spiritualibus quam in temporalibus. Sed infinitorum non potest esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	759 certa distinctio. Ergo per diversitates actuum non potest esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	760 humanorum officiorum certa distinctio.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	761 <p title="II-II q. 183 a. 3 arg. 2"><a name="46254"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	762 "ref">[46254] IIª-IIae, q. 183 a. 3 arg. 2</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	763 Praeterea, vita activa et contemplativa secundum actus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	764 distinguuntur, ut dictum est. Sed alia videtur esse distinctio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	765 officiorum a distinctione vitarum. Non ergo officia distinguuntur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	766 per actus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	767 <p title="II-II q. 183 a. 3 arg. 3"><a name="46255"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	768 "ref">[46255] IIª-IIae, q. 183 a. 3 arg. 3</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	769 Praeterea, ordines etiam ecclesiastici et status et gradus per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	770 actus distingui videntur. Si ergo officia distinguantur per actus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	771 videtur sequi quod eadem sit distinctio officiorum, graduum et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	772 statuum. Hoc autem est falsum, quia diversimode in suas partes
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	773 dividuntur. Non ergo videtur quod officia distinguantur per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	774 actus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	775 <p title="II-II q. 183 a. 3 s. c."><a name="46256"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	776 "ref">[46256] IIª-IIae, q. 183 a. 3 s. c.</span></a> Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	777 contra est quod Isidorus dicit, in libro Etymol., quod <i>officium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	778 ab efficiendo est dictum, quasi efficium, propter decorem sermonis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	779 una mutata littera</i>. Sed efficere pertinet ad actionem. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	780 officia per actus distinguuntur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	781 <p title="II-II q. 183 a. 3 co."><a name="46257"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	782 "ref">[46257] IIª-IIae, q. 183 a. 3 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	783 dicendum quod, sicut dictum est, diversitas in membris Ecclesiae ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	784 tria ordinatur, scilicet ad perfectionem, actionem et decorem. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	785 secundum haec tria triplex distinctio diversitatis fidelium accipi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	786 potest. Una quidem per respectum ad perfectionem. Et secundum hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	787 accipitur differentia statuum, prout quidam sunt aliis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	788 perfectiores. Alia vero distinctio accipitur per respectum ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	789 actionem. Et haec est distinctio officiorum, dicuntur enim in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	790 diversis officiis esse qui sunt ad diversas actiones deputati. Alia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	791 autem, per respectum ad ordinem pulchritudinis ecclesiasticae. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	792 secundum hoc accipitur differentia graduum, prout scilicet, etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	793 in eodem statu vel officio, unus est alio superior. Unde et in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	794 Psalmo dicitur, secundum aliam litteram, <i>Deus in gradibus eius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	795 cognoscetur</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	796 <p title="II-II q. 183 a. 3 ad 1"><a name="46258"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	797 "ref">[46258] IIª-IIae, q. 183 a. 3 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	798 ergo dicendum quod materialis diversitas humanorum actuum est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	799 infinita. Et secundum hanc non distinguuntur officia, sed secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	800 formalem diversitatem, quae accipitur secundum diversas species
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	801 actuum; secundum quam actus hominis non sunt infiniti.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	802 <p title="II-II q. 183 a. 3 ad 2"><a name="46259"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	803 "ref">[46259] IIª-IIae, q. 183 a. 3 ad 2</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	804 secundum dicendum quod vita dicitur absolute. Et ideo diversitas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	805 vitarum accipitur secundum diversos actus qui conveniunt homini
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	806 secundum seipsum. Sed efficientia, a qua sumitur nomen officii, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	807 dictum est, importat actionem tendentem in aliud, ut dicitur in IX
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	808 Metaphys. Et ideo officia distinguuntur proprie secundum actus qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	809 referuntur ad alios, sicut dicitur doctor habere officium, vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	810 iudex, et sic de aliis. Et ideo Isidorus dicit quod officium est ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	811 quisque illa agat quae nulli officiant, id est noceant, sed prosint
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	812 omnibus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	813 <p title="II-II q. 183 a. 3 ad 3"><a name="46260"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	814 "ref">[46260] IIª-IIae, q. 183 a. 3 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	815 dicendum quod diversitas statuum, officiorum et graduum secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	816 diversa sumitur, ut dictum est. Contingit tamen quod ista tria in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	817 eodem concurrant, puta, cum aliquis deputatur ad aliquem actum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	818 altiorem, simul ex hoc habet et officium et gradum; et ulterius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	819 quandoque perfectionis statum, propter actus sublimitatem sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	820 patet de episcopo. Ordines autem ecclesiastici specialiter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	821 distinguuntur secundum officia divina, dicit enim Isidorus, in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	822 libro Etymol., <i>officiorum plurima genera sunt, sed praecipuum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	823 illud est quod in sacris divinisque rebus habetur</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	824 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	825 <div class="E">Articulus 4</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	826 <p title="II-II q. 183 a. 4 arg. 1"><a name="46261"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	827 "ref">[46261] IIª-IIae, q. 183 a. 4 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	828 quartum sic proceditur. Videtur quod differentia statuum non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	829 attendatur secundum incipientes, proficientes et perfectos.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	830 Diversorum enim diversae sunt species et differentiae. Sed secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	831 hanc differentiam inchoationis, profectus et perfectionis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	832 dividuntur gradus caritatis, ut supra habitum est, cum de caritate
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	833 ageretur. Ergo videtur quod secundum hoc non sit accipienda
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	834 differentia statuum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	835 <p title="II-II q. 183 a. 4 arg. 2"><a name="46262"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	836 "ref">[46262] IIª-IIae, q. 183 a. 4 arg. 2</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	837 Praeterea, status, sicut dictum est, respicit conditionem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	838 servitutis vel libertatis. Ad quam non videtur pertinere praedicta
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	839 differentia incipientium, proficientium et perfectorum. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	840 inconvenienter status per ista dividitur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	841 <p title="II-II q. 183 a. 4 arg. 3"><a name="46263"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	842 "ref">[46263] IIª-IIae, q. 183 a. 4 arg. 3</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	843 Praeterea, incipientes, proficientes et perfecti distingui videntur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	844 secundum magis et minus, quod videtur magis pertinere ad rationem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	845 gradus. Sed alia est divisio graduum et statuum, ut supra dictum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	846 est. Non ergo convenienter dividitur status secundum incipientes,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	847 proficientes et perfectos.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	848 <p title="II-II q. 183 a. 4 s. c."><a name="46264"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	849 "ref">[46264] IIª-IIae, q. 183 a. 4 s. c.</span></a> Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	850 contra est quod Gregorius dicit, in Moral., <i>tres sunt modi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	851 conversorum, inchoatio, medietas atque perfectio</i>. Et super
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	852 Ezech. dicit quod <i>alia sunt virtutis exordia, aliud profectus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	853 aliud perfectio</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	854 <p title="II-II q. 183 a. 4 co."><a name="46265"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	855 "ref">[46265] IIª-IIae, q. 183 a. 4 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	856 dicendum quod, sicut supra dictum est, status libertatem respicit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	857 vel servitutem. Invenitur autem in rebus spiritualibus duplex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	858 servitus et duplex libertas. Una quidem est servitus peccati,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	859 altera vero est servitus iustitiae; similiter etiam est duplex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	860 libertas, una quidem a peccato, alia vero a iustitia; ut patet per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	861 apostolum, qui dicit, Rom. VI, <i>cum servi essetis peccati, liberi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	862 fuistis iustitiae, nunc autem, liberati a peccato, servi estis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	863 facti Deo</i>. Est autem servitus peccati vel iustitiae, cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	864 aliquis vel ex habitu peccati ad malum inclinatur, vel ex habitu
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	865 iustitiae ad bonum. Similiter etiam libertas a peccato est cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	866 aliquis ab inclinatione peccati non superatur, libertas autem a
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	867 iustitia est cum aliquis propter amorem iustitiae non retardatur a
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	868 malo. Veruntamen, quia homo secundum naturalem rationem ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	869 iustitiam inclinatur, peccatum autem est contra naturalem rationem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	870 consequens est quod libertas a peccato sit vera libertas, quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	871 coniungitur servituti iustitiae, quia per utrumque tendit homo in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	872 id quod est conveniens sibi. Et similiter vera servitus est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	873 servitus peccati, cui coniungitur libertas a iustitia, quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	874 scilicet per hoc homo impeditur ab eo quod est proprium sibi. Hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	875 autem quod homo efficiatur servus iustitiae vel peccati, contingit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	876 per humanum studium, sicut apostolus ibidem dicit, <i>cui exhibetis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	877 vos servos ad obediendum, servi eius estis cui obedistis, sive
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	878 peccati, ad mortem; sive obeditionis, ad iustitiam</i>. In omni
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	879 autem humano studio est accipere principium, medium et terminum. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	880 ideo consequens est quod status spiritualis servitutis et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	881 libertatis secundum tria distinguatur, scilicet secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	882 principium, ad quod pertinet status incipientium; et medium, ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	883 quod pertinet status proficientium; et terminum, ad quem pertinet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	884 status perfectorum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	885 <p title="II-II q. 183 a. 4 ad 1"><a name="46266"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	886 "ref">[46266] IIª-IIae, q. 183 a. 4 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	887 ergo dicendum quod libertas a peccato fit per caritatem, quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	888 diffunditur in cordibus nostris per spiritum sanctum, ut dicitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	889 Rom. V, et inde est quod dicitur II ad Cor. III, <i>ubi spiritus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	890 domini, ibi libertas</i>. Et ideo eadem est divisio caritatis, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	891 statuum pertinentium ad spiritualem libertatem.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	892 <p title="II-II q. 183 a. 4 ad 2"><a name="46267"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	893 "ref">[46267] IIª-IIae, q. 183 a. 4 ad 2</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	894 secundum dicendum quod incipientes, proficientes et perfecti,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	895 secundum quod per hoc status diversi distinguuntur, dicuntur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	896 homines non secundum quodcumque studium, sed secundum studium eorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	897 quae pertinent ad spiritualem libertatem vel servitutem, ut dictum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	898 est.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	899 <p title="II-II q. 183 a. 4 ad 3"><a name="46268"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	900 "ref">[46268] IIª-IIae, q. 183 a. 4 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	901 dicendum quod, sicut prius dictum est, nihil prohibet in idem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	902 concurrere gradum et statum. Nam et in rebus mundanis illi qui sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	903 liberi non solum sunt alterius status quam servi, sed etiam sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	904 altioris gradus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	905 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	906 <div class="D">Quaestio 184</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	907 <div class="G">Prooemium</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	908 <p title="II-II q. 184 pr."><a name="46269"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	909 "ref">[46269] IIª-IIae, q. 184 pr.</span></a> Deinde
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	910 considerandum est de his quae pertinent ad statum perfectionis, ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	911 quem alii status ordinantur. Nam consideratio officiorum, quantum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	912 quidem ad alios actus, pertinet ad legispositores; quantum autem ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	913 sacra ministeria, pertinet ad considerationem ordinum, de quibus in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	914 tertia parte agetur. Circa statum autem perfectorum triplex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	915 consideratio occurrit, primo quidem, de statu perfectionis in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	916 communi; secundo, de his quae pertinent ad perfectionem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	917 episcoporum; tertio, de his quae pertinent ad perfectionem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	918 religiosorum. Circa primum quaeruntur octo. Primo, utrum perfectio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	919 attendatur secundum caritatem. Secundo, utrum aliquis possit esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	920 perfectus in hac vita. Tertio, utrum perfectio huius vitae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	921 consistat principaliter in consiliis, vel in praeceptis. Quarto,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	922 utrum quicumque est perfectus, sit in statu perfectionis. Quinto,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	923 utrum praelati et religiosi specialiter sint in statu perfectionis.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	924 Sexto, utrum omnes praelati sint in statu perfectionis. Septimo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	925 quis status sit perfectior, utrum religiosorum vel episcoporum.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	926 Octavo, de comparatione religiosorum ad plebanos et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	927 archidiaconos.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	928 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	929 <div class="E">Articulus 1</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	930 <p title="II-II q. 184 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="46270"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	931 "ref">[46270] IIª-IIae, q. 184 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	932 primum sic proceditur. Videtur quod perfectio Christianae vitae non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	933 attendatur specialiter secundum caritatem. Dicit enim apostolus, I
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	934 ad Cor. XIV, <i>malitia autem parvuli estote, sensibus autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	935 perfecti</i>. Sed caritas non pertinet ad sensum, sed magis ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	936 affectum. Ergo videtur quod perfectio Christianae vitae non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	937 consistat principaliter in caritate.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	938 <p title="II-II q. 184 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="46271"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	939 "ref">[46271] IIª-IIae, q. 184 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	940 Praeterea, ad Ephes. ult. dicitur, <i>accipite armaturam Dei, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	941 possitis resistere in die malo, et in omnibus perfecti stare</i>.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	942 De armatura autem Dei subiungit dicens, <i>state succincti lumbos
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	943 vestros in veritate, et induite loricam iustitiae, in omnibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	944 sumentes scutum fidei</i>. Ergo perfectio Christianae vitae non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	945 solum attenditur secundum caritatem, sed etiam secundum alias
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	946 virtutes.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	947 <p title="II-II q. 184 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="46272"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	948 "ref">[46272] IIª-IIae, q. 184 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	949 Praeterea, virtutes specificantur per actus, sicut et alii habitus.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	950 Sed Iac. I dicitur quod patientia opus perfectum habet. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	951 videtur quod status perfectionis attendatur magis secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	952 patientiam.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	953 <p title="II-II q. 184 a. 1 s. c."><a name="46273"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	954 "ref">[46273] IIª-IIae, q. 184 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	955 contra est quod dicitur ad Coloss. III, <i>super omnia, caritatem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	956 habete, quae est vinculum perfectionis</i>, quia scilicet omnes
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	957 alias virtutes quodammodo ligat in unitatem perfectam.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	958 <p title="II-II q. 184 a. 1 co."><a name="46274"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	959 "ref">[46274] IIª-IIae, q. 184 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	960 dicendum quod unumquodque dicitur esse perfectum inquantum attingit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	961 proprium finem, qui est ultima rei perfectio. Caritas autem est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	962 quae unit nos Deo, qui est ultimus finis humanae mentis, <i>quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	963 qui manet in caritate, in Deo manet, et Deus in eo</i>, ut dicitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	964 I Ioan. IV. Et ideo secundum caritatem specialiter attenditur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	965 perfectio vitae Christianae.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	966 <p title="II-II q. 184 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="46275"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	967 "ref">[46275] IIª-IIae, q. 184 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	968 ergo dicendum quod perfectio humanorum sensuum praecipue in hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	969 videtur consistere ut in unitatem veritatis conveniant, secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	970 illud I ad Cor. I, <i>sitis perfecti in eodem sensu et in eadem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	971 scientia</i>. Hoc autem fit per caritatem, quae consensum in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	972 hominibus operatur. Et ideo etiam perfectio sensuum radicaliter in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	973 perfectione caritatis radicatur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	974 <p title="II-II q. 184 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="46276"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	975 "ref">[46276] IIª-IIae, q. 184 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	976 secundum dicendum quod dupliciter potest dici aliquis perfectus.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	977 Uno modo, simpliciter, quae quidem perfectio attenditur secundum id
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	978 quod pertinet ad ipsam rei naturam; puta si dicatur animal
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	979 perfectum quando nihil ei deficit ex dispositione membrorum, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	980 aliis huiusmodi quae requiruntur ad vitam animalis. Alio modo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	981 dicitur aliquid perfectum secundum quid, quae quidem perfectio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	982 attenditur secundum aliquid exterius adiacens, puta in albedine vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	983 nigredine, vel aliquo huiusmodi. Vita autem Christiana specialiter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	984 in caritate consistit, per quam anima Deo coniungitur, unde dicitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	985 I Ioan. III, qui non diligit, manet in morte. Et ideo secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	986 caritatem simpliciter attenditur perfectio Christianae vitae, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	987 secundum alias virtutes secundum quid. Et quia id quod est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	988 simpliciter est principium et maximum respectu aliorum, inde est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	989 quod perfectio caritatis est principium respectu perfectionis quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	990 attenditur secundum alias virtutes.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	991 <p title="II-II q. 184 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="46277"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	992 "ref">[46277] IIª-IIae, q. 184 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	993 dicendum quod patientia dicitur habere opus perfectum in ordine ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	994 caritatem, inquantum scilicet ex abundantia caritatis provenit quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	995 aliquis patienter toleret adversa, secundum illud Rom. VIII,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	996 <i>quis nos separabit a caritate Dei? Tribulatio? An angustia?</i>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	997 et cetera.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	998 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	999 <div class="E">Articulus 2</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1000 <p title="II-II q. 184 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="46278"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1001 "ref">[46278] IIª-IIae, q. 184 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1002 secundum sic proceditur. Videtur quod nullus in hac vita possit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1003 esse perfectus. Dicit enim apostolus, I ad Cor. XIII, <i>cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1004 venerit quod perfectum est, evacuabitur quod ex parte est</i>. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1005 in hac vita non evacuatur quod ex parte est, manet enim in hac vita
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1006 fides et spes, quae sunt ex parte. Ergo nullus in hac vita est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1007 perfectus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1008 <p title="II-II q. 184 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="46279"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1009 "ref">[46279] IIª-IIae, q. 184 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1010 <i>Praeterea, perfectum est cui nihil deest</i>, ut dicitur in III
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1011 Physic. Sed nullus est in hac vita cui non desit aliquid, dicitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1012 enim Iac. III, in multis offendimus omnes; et in Psalmo dicitur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1013 imperfectum meum viderunt oculi tui. Ergo nullus est in hac vita
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1014 perfectus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1015 <p title="II-II q. 184 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="46280"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1016 "ref">[46280] IIª-IIae, q. 184 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1017 Praeterea, perfectio vitae Christianae, sicut dictum est,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1018 attenditur secundum caritatem, quae sub se comprehendit dilectionem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1019 Dei et proximi. Sed quantum ad dilectionem Dei, non potest aliquis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1020 perfectam caritatem in hac vita habere, quia, ut Gregorius dicit,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1021 super Ezech., <i>amoris ignis, qui hic ardere inchoat, cum ipsum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1022 quem amat viderit, in amorem ipsius amplius ignescit</i>. Neque
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1023 etiam quantum ad dilectionem proximi, quia non possumus in hac vita
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1024 omnes proximos actualiter diligere, etsi habitualiter eos
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1025 diligamus; dilectio autem habitualis imperfecta est. Ergo videtur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1026 quod nullus in hac vita possit esse perfectus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1027 <p title="II-II q. 184 a. 2 s. c."><a name="46281"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1028 "ref">[46281] IIª-IIae, q. 184 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1029 contra est quia lex divina non inducit ad impossibile. Inducit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1030 autem ad perfectionem secundum illud Matth. V, <i>estote perfecti,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1031 sicut et pater vester caelestis perfectus est</i>. Ergo videtur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1032 quod aliquis in hac vita possit esse perfectus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1033 <p title="II-II q. 184 a. 2 co."><a name="46282"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1034 "ref">[46282] IIª-IIae, q. 184 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1035 dicendum quod, sicut dictum est, perfectio Christianae vitae in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1036 caritate consistit. Importat autem perfectio quandam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1037 universalitatem, quia, ut dicitur in III Physic., perfectum est cui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1038 nihil deest, potest ergo triplex perfectio considerari. Una quidem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1039 absoluta, quae attenditur non solum secundum totalitatem ex parte
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1040 diligentis, sed etiam ex parte diligibilis, prout scilicet Deus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1041 tantum diligitur quantum diligibilis est. Et talis perfectio non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1042 est possibilis alicui creaturae, sed competit soli Deo, in quo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1043 bonum integraliter et essentialiter invenitur. Alia autem est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1044 perfectio quae attenditur secundum totalitatem absolutam ex parte
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1045 diligentis, prout scilicet affectus secundum totum suum posse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1046 semper actualiter tendit in Deum. Et talis perfectio non est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1047 possibilis in via, sed erit in patria. Tertia autem perfectio est,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1048 quae neque attenditur secundum totalitatem ex parte diligibilis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1049 neque secundum totalitatem ex parte diligentis quantum ad hoc quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1050 semper actu feratur in Deum, sed quantum ad hoc quod excludantur ea
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1051 quae repugnant motui dilectionis in Deum; sicut Augustinus dicit,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1052 in libro octogintatrium quaest., quod <i>venenum caritatis est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1053 cupiditas, perfectio nulla cupiditas</i>. Et talis perfectio potest
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1054 in hac vita haberi. Et hoc dupliciter. Uno modo, inquantum ab
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1055 affectu hominis excluditur omne illud quod caritati contrariatur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1056 sicut est peccatum mortale. Et sine tali perfectione caritas esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1057 non potest. Unde est de necessitate salutis. Alio modo, inquantum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1058 ab affectu hominis excluditur non solum illud quod est caritati
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1059 contrarium, sed etiam omne illud quod impedit ne affectus mentis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1060 totaliter dirigatur ad Deum. Sine qua perfectione caritas esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1061 potest, puta in incipientibus et proficientibus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1062 <p title="II-II q. 184 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="46283"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1063 "ref">[46283] IIª-IIae, q. 184 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1064 ergo dicendum quod apostolus ibi loquitur de perfectione patriae,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1065 quae non est in via possibilis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1066 <p title="II-II q. 184 a. 2 ad 2"><a name="46284"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1067 "ref">[46284] IIª-IIae, q. 184 a. 2 ad 2</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1068 secundum dicendum quod illi qui sunt in hac vita perfecti, in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1069 multis dicuntur offendere secundum peccata venialia, quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1070 consequuntur ex infirmitate praesentis vitae. Et quantum ad hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1071 etiam habent aliquid imperfectum, per comparationem ad perfectionem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1072 patriae.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1073 <p title="II-II q. 184 a. 2 ad 3"><a name="46285"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1074 "ref">[46285] IIª-IIae, q. 184 a. 2 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1075 dicendum quod sicut modus praesentis vitae non patitur ut homo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1076 semper actu feratur in Deum, ita etiam non patitur quod actu
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1077 feratur in omnes proximos singillatim, sed sufficit quod feratur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1078 communiter in omnes in universali, et in singulos habitualiter et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1079 secundum animi praeparationem. Potest autem etiam circa dilectionem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1080 proximi duplex perfectio attendi sicut et circa dilectionem Dei.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1081 Una quidem, sine qua caritas esse non potest, ut scilicet homo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1082 nihil habeat in affectu quod sit contrarium dilectioni proximi.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1083 Alia autem, sine qua caritas inveniri potest, quae quidem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1084 attenditur tripliciter. Primo quidem, secundum extensionem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1085 dilectionis, ut scilicet aliquis non solum diligat amicos et notos,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1086 sed etiam extraneos, et ulterius inimicos. Hoc enim, ut Augustinus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1087 dicit, in Enchirid., est perfectorum filiorum Dei. Secundo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1088 secundum intensionem, quae ostenditur ex his quae homo propter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1089 proximum contemnit; ut scilicet homo non solum contemnat exteriora
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1090 bona propter proximum, sed etiam afflictiones corporales, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1091 ulterius mortem, secundum illud Ioan. XV, <i>maiorem dilectionem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1092 nemo habet quam ut animam suam ponat quis pro amicis suis</i>.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1093 Tertio, quantum ad effectum dilectionis, ut scilicet homo proximis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1094 impendat non solum temporalia beneficia, sed etiam spiritualia, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1095 ulterius seipsum, secundum illud apostoli, II ad Cor. XII, <i>ego
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1096 autem libentissime impendam, et superimpendar ipse pro animabus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1097 vestris</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1098 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1099 <div class="E">Articulus 3</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1100 <p title="II-II q. 184 a. 3 arg. 1"><a name="46286"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1101 "ref">[46286] IIª-IIae, q. 184 a. 3 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1102 tertium sic proceditur. Videtur quod perfectio viae non consistit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1103 in praeceptis, sed in consiliis. Dicit enim dominus, Matth. XIX,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1104 <i>si vis perfectus esse, vade et vende omnia quae habes et da
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1105 pauperibus, et veni, sequere me</i>. Sed istud est consilium. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1106 perfectio attenditur secundum consilia, et non secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1107 praecepta.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1108 <p title="II-II q. 184 a. 3 arg. 2"><a name="46287"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1109 "ref">[46287] IIª-IIae, q. 184 a. 3 arg. 2</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1110 Praeterea, ad observantiam praeceptorum omnes tenentur, cum sint de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1111 necessitate salutis. Si ergo perfectio Christianae vitae consistat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1112 in praeceptis, sequitur quod perfectio sit de necessitate salutis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1113 et quod omnes ad eam teneantur. Quod patet esse falsum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1114 <p title="II-II q. 184 a. 3 arg. 3"><a name="46288"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1115 "ref">[46288] IIª-IIae, q. 184 a. 3 arg. 3</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1116 Praeterea, perfectio Christianae vitae attenditur secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1117 caritatem, ut dictum est. Sed perfectio caritatis non videtur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1118 consistere in observantia praeceptorum, quia perfectionem caritatis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1119 praecedit et augmentum et inchoatio ipsius, ut patet per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1120 Augustinum, super canonicam Ioan.; non autem potest caritas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1121 inchoari ante observationem praeceptorum, quia, ut dicitur Ioan.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1122 XIV, si quis diligit me, sermonem meum servabit. Ergo perfectio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1123 vitae non attenditur secundum praecepta, sed secundum consilia.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1124 <p title="II-II q. 184 a. 3 s. c."><a name="46289"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1125 "ref">[46289] IIª-IIae, q. 184 a. 3 s. c.</span></a> Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1126 contra est quod dicitur Deut. VI, <i>diliges dominum Deum tuum ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1127 toto corde tuo</i>. Et Levit. XIX dicitur, diliges proximum tuum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1128 sicut teipsum. Haec autem sunt duo praecepta de quibus dominus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1129 dicit, Matth. XXII <i>in his duobus praeceptis pendet lex et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1130 prophetae</i>. Perfectio autem caritatis, secundum quam dicitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1131 vita Christiana esse perfecta, attenditur secundum hoc quod Deum ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1132 toto corde diligamus et proximum sicut nos ipsos. Ergo videtur quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1133 perfectio consistat in observantia praeceptorum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1134 <p title="II-II q. 184 a. 3 co."><a name="46290"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1135 "ref">[46290] IIª-IIae, q. 184 a. 3 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1136 dicendum quod perfectio dicitur in aliquo consistere dupliciter,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1137 uno modo, per se et essentialiter; alio modo, secundario et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1138 accidentaliter. Per se quidem et essentialiter consistit perfectio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1139 Christianae vitae in caritate, principaliter quidem secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1140 dilectionem Dei, secundario autem secundum dilectionem proximi, de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1141 quibus dantur praecepta principalia divinae legis, ut dictum est.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1142 Non autem dilectio Dei et proximi cadit sub praecepto secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1143 aliquam mensuram, ita quod id quod est plus sub consilio remaneat,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1144 ut patet ex ipsa forma praecepti, quae perfectionem demonstrat, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1145 cum dicitur, <i>diliges dominum Deum tuum ex toto corde tuo, totum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1146 enim et perfectum idem sunt</i>, secundum philosophum, in III
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1147 Physic.; et cum dicitur, <i>diliges proximum tuum sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1148 teipsum</i>, unusquisque enim seipsum maxime diligit. Et hoc ideo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1149 est quia finis praecepti caritas est, ut apostolus dicit, I ad Tim.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1150 I, in fine autem non adhibetur aliqua mensura, sed solum in his
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1151 quae sunt ad finem, ut philosophus dicit, in I Polit.; sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1152 medicus non adhibet mensuram quantum sanet, sed quanta medicina vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1153 diaeta utatur ad sanandum. Et sic patet quod perfectio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1154 essentialiter consistit in praeceptis. Unde Augustinus dicit, in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1155 libro de perfectione iustitiae, <i>cur ergo non praeciperetur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1156 homini ista perfectio, quamvis eam in hac vita nemo habeat?</i>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1157 Secundario autem et instrumentaliter perfectio consistit in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1158 consiliis. Quae omnia, sicut et praecepta, ordinantur ad caritatem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1159 sed aliter et aliter. Nam praecepta alia ordinantur ad removendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1160 ea quae sunt caritati contraria, cum quibus scilicet caritas esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1161 non potest, consilia autem ordinantur ad removendum impedimenta
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1162 actus caritatis, quae tamen caritati non contrariantur, sicut est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1163 matrimonium, occupatio negotiorum saecularium, et alia huiusmodi.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1164 Unde Augustinus dicit, in Enchirid., <i>quaecumque mandat Deus, ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1165 quibus unum est, non moechaberis; et quaecumque non iubentur, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1166 speciali consilio monentur, ex quibus unum est, bonum est homini
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1167 mulierem non tangere, tunc recte fiunt cum referuntur ad diligendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1168 Deum et proximum propter Deum, et in hoc saeculo et in futuro</i>.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1169 Et inde est quod in collationibus patrum dicit abbas Moyses,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1170 <i>ieiunia, vigiliae, meditatio Scripturarum, nuditas ac privatio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1171 omnium facultatum, non perfectio, sed perfectionis instrumenta sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1172 quia non in ipsis consistit disciplinae illius finis, sed per illa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1173 pervenitur ad finem</i>. Et supra praemisit quod <i>ad perfectionem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1174 caritatis istis gradibus conscendere nitimur</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1175 <p title="II-II q. 184 a. 3 ad 1"><a name="46291"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1176 "ref">[46291] IIª-IIae, q. 184 a. 3 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1177 ergo dicendum quod in illis verbis domini aliquid ponitur quasi via
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1178 ad perfectionem, hoc scilicet quod dicitur, <i>vade et vende omnia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1179 quae habes et da pauperibus</i>, aliud autem subditur in quo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1180 perfectio consistit, scilicet quod dicit, et sequere me. Unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1181 Hieronymus dicit, super Matth., quod quia <i>non sufficit tantum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1182 relinquere, Petrus iungit quod perfectum est</i>, idest, secuti
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1183 sumus te. Ambrosius autem, super illud Luc. V, sequere me, dicit,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1184 <i>sequi iubet non corporis gressu, sed mentis affectu</i>, quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1185 fit per caritatem. Et ideo ex ipso modo loquendi apparet quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1186 consilia sunt quaedam instrumenta perveniendi ad perfectionem, dum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1187 dicitur, si vis perfectus esse, vade et vende etc., quasi dicat,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1188 hoc faciendo ad hunc finem pervenies.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1189 <p title="II-II q. 184 a. 3 ad 2"><a name="46292"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1190 "ref">[46292] IIª-IIae, q. 184 a. 3 ad 2</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1191 secundum dicendum quod, sicut Augustinus dicit, in libro de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1192 Perfect. Iustit., perfectio caritatis homini in hac vita
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1193 praecipitur, quia <i>recte non curritur si quo currendum est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1194 nesciatur. Quomodo autem sciretur, si nullis praeceptis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1195 ostenderetur?</i> Cum autem id quod cadit sub praecepto diversimode
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1196 possit impleri, non efficitur transgressor praecepti aliquis ex hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1197 quod non optimo modo implet, sed sufficit quod quocumque modo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1198 impleat illud. Perfectio autem divinae dilectionis universaliter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1199 quidem cadit sub praecepto, ita quod etiam perfectio patriae non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1200 excluditur ab illo praecepto, ut Augustinus dicit, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1201 transgressionem praecepti evadit qui quocumque modo perfectionem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1202 divinae dilectionis attingit. Est aut infimus divinae dilectionis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1203 gradus ut nihil supra eum, aut contra eum, aut aequaliter ei
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1204 diligatur, a quo gradu perfectionis qui deficit, nullo modo implet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1205 praeceptum. Est autem aliquis gradus perfectae dilectionis qui non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1206 potest impleri in via, ut dictum est, a quo qui deficit, manifestum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1207 est quod non est transgressor praecepti. Et similiter non est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1208 transgressor praecepti qui non attingit ad medios perfectionis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1209 gradus, dummodo attingat ad infimum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1210 <p title="II-II q. 184 a. 3 ad 3"><a name="46293"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1211 "ref">[46293] IIª-IIae, q. 184 a. 3 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1212 dicendum quod, sicut homo habet quandam perfectionem suae naturae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1213 statim cum nascitur, quae pertinet ad rationem speciei, est autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1214 alia perfectio ad quam per augmentum adducitur, ita etiam est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1215 quaedam perfectio caritatis pertinens ad ipsam speciem caritatis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1216 ut scilicet Deus super omnia diligatur et nihil contra eum ametur;
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1217 est autem alia perfectio caritatis, etiam in hac vita, ad quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1218 aliquis per aliquod spirituale augmentum pervenit, ut puta cum homo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1219 etiam a rebus licitis abstinet, ut liberius divinis obsequiis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1220 vacet.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1221 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1222 <div class="E">Articulus 4</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1223 <p title="II-II q. 184 a. 4 arg. 1"><a name="46294"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1224 "ref">[46294] IIª-IIae, q. 184 a. 4 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1225 quartum sic proceditur. Videtur quod quicumque est perfectus, sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1226 in statu perfectionis. Sicut enim per augmentum corporale
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1227 pervenitur ad perfectionem corporalem, ita per augmentum spirituale
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1228 pervenitur ad perfectionem spiritualem, ut dictum est. Sed post
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1229 augmentum corporale aliquis dicitur esse in statu perfectae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1230 aetatis. Ergo etiam videtur quod post augmentum spirituale, cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1231 quis iam adeptus est perfectionem, sit in statu perfectionis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1232 <p title="II-II q. 184 a. 4 arg. 2"><a name="46295"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1233 "ref">[46295] IIª-IIae, q. 184 a. 4 arg. 2</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1234 Praeterea, eadem ratione qua aliquid movetur de contrario in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1235 contrarium, movetur etiam aliquid de minori ad maius, ut dicitur in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1236 V Physic. Sed quando aliquis transmutatur de peccato ad gratiam,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1237 dicitur mutare statum, prout distinguitur status culpae et status
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1238 gratiae. Ergo videtur quod, pari ratione, cum aliquis proficit de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1239 minori gratia ad maiorem quousque perveniat ad perfectum, quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1240 adipiscatur perfectionis statum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1241 <p title="II-II q. 184 a. 4 arg. 3"><a name="46296"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1242 "ref">[46296] IIª-IIae, q. 184 a. 4 arg. 3</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1243 Praeterea, statum adipiscitur aliquis ex hoc quod a servitute
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1244 liberatur. Sed per caritatem aliquis liberatur a servitute peccati,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1245 quia universa delicta operit caritas, ut dicitur Prov. X. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1246 perfectus dicitur aliquis secundum caritatem, ut dictum est. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1247 videtur quod quicumque habeat perfectionem, ex hoc ipso habeat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1248 perfectionis statum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1249 <p title="II-II q. 184 a. 4 s. c."><a name="46297"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1250 "ref">[46297] IIª-IIae, q. 184 a. 4 s. c.</span></a> Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1251 contra est quod aliqui sunt in statu perfectionis qui omnino
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1252 caritate et gratia carent, sicut mali episcopi aut mali religiosi.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1253 Ergo videtur quod e contrario aliqui habent perfectionem vitae qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1254 tamen non habent perfectionis statum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1255 <p title="II-II q. 184 a. 4 co."><a name="46298"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1256 "ref">[46298] IIª-IIae, q. 184 a. 4 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1257 dicendum quod, sicut supra dictum est, status proprie pertinet ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1258 conditionem libertatis vel servitutis. Spiritualis autem libertas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1259 aut servitus potest in homine attendi dupliciter, uno modo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1260 secundum id quod interius agitur; alio modo, secundum id quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1261 agitur exterius. Et quia, ut dicitur I Reg. XVI, <i>homines vident
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1262 ea quae parent, sed Deus intuetur cor</i>, inde est quod secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1263 interiorem hominis dispositionem accipitur conditio spiritualis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1264 status in homine per comparationem ad iudicium divinum, secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1265 autem ea quae exterius aguntur, accipitur spiritualis status in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1266 homine per comparationem ad Ecclesiam. Et sic nunc de statibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1267 loquimur, prout scilicet ex diversitate statuum quaedam Ecclesiae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1268 pulchritudo consurgit. Est autem considerandum quod, quantum ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1269 homines, ad hoc quod aliquis adipiscatur statum libertatis vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1270 servitutis, requiritur, primo quidem, aliqua obligatio vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1271 absolutio. Non enim ex hoc quod aliquis servit alicui, efficitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1272 servus, quia etiam liberi serviunt secundum illud Galat. V, per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1273 caritatem spiritus servite invicem. Neque etiam ex hoc quod aliquis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1274 desinit servire, efficitur liber, sicut patet de servis fugitivis.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1275 Sed ille proprie est servus qui obligatur ad serviendum, et ille
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1276 est liber qui a servitute absolvitur. Secundo requiritur quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1277 obligatio praedicta cum aliqua solemnitate fiat, sicut et ceteris
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1278 quae inter homines obtinent perpetuam firmitatem, quaedam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1279 solemnitas adhibetur. Sic igitur et in statu perfectionis proprie
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1280 dicitur esse aliquis, non ex hoc quod habet actum dilectionis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1281 perfectae, sed ex hoc quod obligat se perpetuo, cum aliqua
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1282 solemnitate, ad ea quae sunt perfectionis. Contingit etiam quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1283 aliqui se obligant qui non servant, et aliqui implent ad quod non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1284 se obligaverunt, ut patet Matth. XXI de duobus filiis, quorum unus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1285 patri dicenti, operare in vinea, respondit nolo, postea abiit;
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1286 alter autem respondens ait, eo, et non ivit. Et ideo nihil prohibet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1287 aliquos esse perfectos qui non sunt in statu perfectionis, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1288 aliquos esse in statu perfectionis qui non sunt perfecti.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1289 <p title="II-II q. 184 a. 4 ad 1"><a name="46299"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1290 "ref">[46299] IIª-IIae, q. 184 a. 4 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1291 ergo dicendum quod per augmentum corporale aliquis proficit in his
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1292 quae pertinent ad naturam, et ideo adipiscitur naturae statum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1293 praesertim quia quod est secundum naturam, quodammodo immutabile
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1294 est, inquantum natura determinatur ad unum. Et similiter per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1295 augmentum spirituale interius aliquis adipiscitur perfectionis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1296 statum quantum ad divinum iudicium. Sed quantum ad distinctiones
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1297 ecclesiasticorum statuum, non adipiscitur aliquis statum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1298 perfectionis nisi per augmentum in his quae exterius aguntur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1299 <p title="II-II q. 184 a. 4 ad 2"><a name="46300"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1300 "ref">[46300] IIª-IIae, q. 184 a. 4 ad 2</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1301 secundum dicendum quod illa etiam ratio procedit quantum ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1302 interiorem statum. Et tamen, cum aliquis transit de peccato ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1303 gratiam, transit de servitute ad libertatem, quod non contingit per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1304 simplicem profectum gratiae, nisi cum aliquis se obligat ad ea quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1305 sunt gratiae.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1306 <p title="II-II q. 184 a. 4 ad 3"><a name="46301"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1307 "ref">[46301] IIª-IIae, q. 184 a. 4 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1308 dicendum quod illa etiam ratio procedit quantum ad interiorem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1309 statum. Et tamen, licet caritas variet conditionem spiritualis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1310 servitutis et libertatis, hoc tamen non facit caritatis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1311 augmentum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1312 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1313 <div class="E">Articulus 5</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1314 <p title="II-II q. 184 a. 5 arg. 1"><a name="46302"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1315 "ref">[46302] IIª-IIae, q. 184 a. 5 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1316 quintum sic proceditur. Videtur quod praelati et religiosi non sint
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1317 in statu perfectionis. Status enim perfectionis distinguitur contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1318 statum incipientium et proficientium. Sed non sunt aliqua genera
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1319 hominum deputata specialiter statui proficientium vel incipientium.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1320 Ergo videtur quod nec etiam debeant esse aliqua genera hominum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1321 deputata statui perfectionis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1322 <p title="II-II q. 184 a. 5 arg. 2"><a name="46303"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1323 "ref">[46303] IIª-IIae, q. 184 a. 5 arg. 2</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1324 Praeterea, status exterior debet interiori statui respondere,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1325 alioquin incurritur mendacium, quod <i>non solum est in falsis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1326 verbis, sed etiam in simulatis operibus</i>, ut Ambrosius dicit, in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1327 quodam sermone. Sed multi sunt praelati vel religiosi qui non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1328 habent interiorem perfectionem caritatis. Si ergo omnes religiosi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1329 et praelati sunt in statu perfectionis, sequeretur quod quicumque
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1330 eorum non sunt perfecti, sint in peccato mortali, tanquam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1331 simulatores et mendaces.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1332 <p title="II-II q. 184 a. 5 arg. 3"><a name="46304"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1333 "ref">[46304] IIª-IIae, q. 184 a. 5 arg. 3</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1334 Praeterea, perfectio secundum caritatem attenditur, ut supra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1335 habitum est. Sed perfectissima caritas videtur esse in martyribus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1336 secundum illud Ioan. XV, <i>maiorem dilectionem nemo habet quam ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1337 animam suam ponat quis pro amicis suis</i>. Et super illud Heb.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1338 XII, nondum enim usque ad sanguinem etc., dicit Glossa,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1339 <i>perfectior in hac vita dilectio nulla est ea ad quam sancti
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1340 martyres pervenerunt, qui contra peccatum usque ad sanguinem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1341 certaverunt</i>. Ergo videtur quod magis debeat attribui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1342 perfectionis status martyribus quam religiosis et episcopis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1343 <p title="II-II q. 184 a. 5 s. c."><a name="46305"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1344 "ref">[46305] IIª-IIae, q. 184 a. 5 s. c.</span></a> Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1345 contra est quod Dionysius, in V cap. Eccles. Hier., attribuit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1346 perfectionem episcopis tanquam perfectoribus. Et in VI cap. eiusdem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1347 libri, attribuit perfectionem religiosis, quos vocat monachos vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1348 Therapeutas, idest, Deo famulantes, tanquam perfectis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1349 <p title="II-II q. 184 a. 5 co."><a name="46306"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1350 "ref">[46306] IIª-IIae, q. 184 a. 5 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1351 dicendum quod, sicut dictum est, ad statum perfectionis requiritur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1352 obligatio perpetua ad ea quae sunt perfectionis, cum aliqua
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1353 solemnitate. Utrumque autem horum competit et religiosis et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1354 episcopis. Religiosi enim voto se adstringunt ad hoc quod a rebus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1355 saecularibus abstineant quibus licite uti poterant, ad hoc quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1356 liberius Deo vacent, in quo consistit perfectio praesentis vitae.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1357 Unde Dionysius dicit, VI cap. Eccles. Hier., de religiosis loquens,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1358 <i>alii quidem Therapeutas</i>, idest famulos, <i>ex Dei puro
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1359 servitio et famulatu, alii vero monachos ipsos nominant, ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1360 indivisibili et singulari vita uniente ipsos, indivisibilium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1361 sanctis convolutionibus</i>, idest contemplationibus, <i>ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1362 deiformem unitatem et amabilem Deo perfectionem</i>. Horum etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1363 obligatio fit cum quadam solemnitate professionis et benedictionis.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1364 Unde et ibidem subdit Dionysius, <i>propter quod, perfectam ipsis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1365 donans gratiam, sancta legislatio quadam ipsos dignata est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1366 sanctificativa invocatione</i>. Similiter etiam et episcopi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1367 obligant se ad ea quae sunt perfectionis, pastorale assumentes
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1368 officium, ad quod pertinet ut <i>animam suam ponat pastor pro
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1369 ovibus suis</i>, sicut dicitur Ioan. X. Unde apostolus dicit, I ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1370 Tim. ult., <i>confessus es bonam confessionem coram multis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1371 testibus</i>, idest in tua ordinatione, ut Glossa ibidem dicit.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1372 Adhibetur etiam quaedam solemnitas consecrationis simul cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1373 professione praedicta, secundum illud II ad Tim. I, <i>resuscites
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1374 gratiam Dei quae est in te per impositionem manuum mearum</i>, quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1375 Glossa exponit de gratia episcopali. Et Dionysius dicit, V cap.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1376 Eccles. Hier., quod <i>summus sacerdos</i>, idest episcopus, <i>in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1377 sua ordinatione habet eloquiorum super caput sanctissimam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1378 superpositionem, ut significetur quod ipse est participativus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1379 integre totius hierarchiae virtutis, et quod ipse non solum sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1380 illuminativus omnium quae pertinent ad sanctas locutiones et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1381 actiones, sed quod etiam haec aliis tradat</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1382 <p title="II-II q. 184 a. 5 ad 1"><a name="46307"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1383 "ref">[46307] IIª-IIae, q. 184 a. 5 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1384 ergo dicendum quod inchoatio et augmentum non quaeritur propter se,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1385 sed propter perfectionem. Et ideo ad solum perfectionis statum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1386 aliqui homines cum quadam obligatione et solemnitate
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1387 assumuntur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1388 <p title="II-II q. 184 a. 5 ad 2"><a name="46308"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1389 "ref">[46308] IIª-IIae, q. 184 a. 5 ad 2</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1390 secundum dicendum quod homines statum perfectionis assumunt, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1391 quasi profitentes se esse perfectos, sed quasi profitentes se ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1392 perfectionem tendere. Unde et apostolus dicit, ad Philipp. III,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1393 <i>non quod iam comprehenderim, aut perfectus sim, sequor autem, si
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1394 quo modo comprehendam</i>. Et postea subdit, <i>quicumque ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1395 perfecti sumus, hoc sentiamus</i>. Unde non committit aliquis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1396 mendacium vel simulationem ex hoc quod non est perfectus qui statum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1397 perfectionis assumit, sed ex eo quod ab intentione perfectionis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1398 animum revocat.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1399 <p title="II-II q. 184 a. 5 ad 3"><a name="46309"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1400 "ref">[46309] IIª-IIae, q. 184 a. 5 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1401 dicendum quod martyrium in actu perfectissimo caritatis consistit.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1402 Actus autem perfectionis non sufficit ad statum faciendum, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1403 dictum est.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1404 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1405 <div class="E">Articulus 6</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1406 <p title="II-II q. 184 a. 6 arg. 1"><a name="46310"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1407 "ref">[46310] IIª-IIae, q. 184 a. 6 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1408 sextum sic proceditur. Videtur quod omnes praelati ecclesiastici
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1409 sint in statu perfectionis. Dicit enim Hieronymus, super Epist. ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1410 Tit., olim idem presbyter qui et episcopus, et postea subdit,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1411 <i>sicut ergo presbyteri sciunt se Ecclesiae consuetudine ei qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1412 sibi praepositus fuerit, esse subiectos; ita episcopi noverint se
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1413 magis consuetudine quam dispensationis dominicae veritate
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1414 presbyteris esse maiores, et in communi debere Ecclesiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1415 regere</i>. Sed episcopi sunt in statu perfectionis. Ergo et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1416 presbyteri habentes curam animarum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1417 <p title="II-II q. 184 a. 6 arg. 2"><a name="46311"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1418 "ref">[46311] IIª-IIae, q. 184 a. 6 arg. 2</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1419 Praeterea, sicut episcopi suscipiunt curam animarum cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1420 consecratione, ita etiam et presbyteri curati, et etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1421 archidiaconi, de quibus, super illud Act. VI, considerate, fratres,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1422 viros boni testimonii septem etc., dicit Glossa, <i>hic decernebant
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1423 apostoli per Ecclesiam constitui septem diacones, qui essent
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1424 sublimioris gradus, et quasi columnae proximi circa aram</i>. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1425 videtur quod ipsi etiam sint in statu perfectionis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1426 <p title="II-II q. 184 a. 6 arg. 3"><a name="46312"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1427 "ref">[46312] IIª-IIae, q. 184 a. 6 arg. 3</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1428 Praeterea, sicut episcopi obligantur ad hoc quod animam suam ponant
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1429 pro ovibus suis, ita et presbyteri curati et archidiaconi. Sed hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1430 pertinet ad perfectionem caritatis, ut dictum est. Ergo videtur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1431 quod etiam presbyteri curati et archidiaconi sint in statu
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1432 perfectionis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1433 <p title="II-II q. 184 a. 6 s. c."><a name="46313"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1434 "ref">[46313] IIª-IIae, q. 184 a. 6 s. c.</span></a> Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1435 contra est quod dicit Dionysius, V cap. Eccles. Hier.,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1436 <i>pontificum quidem ordo consummativus est et perfectivus;
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1437 sacerdotum autem illuminativus et lucidativus; ministrantium vero
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1438 purgativus et discretivus</i>. Ex quo patet quod perfectio solis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1439 episcopis attribuitur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1440 <p title="II-II q. 184 a. 6 co."><a name="46314"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1441 "ref">[46314] IIª-IIae, q. 184 a. 6 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1442 dicendum quod in presbyteris et diaconibus habentibus curam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1443 animarum, duo possunt considerari, scilicet ordo, et cura. Ordo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1444 autem ipse ordinatur ad quendam actum in divinis officiis; unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1445 supra dictum est quod distinctio ordinum sub distinctione
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1446 officiorum continetur. Unde per hoc quod aliqui accipiunt sacrum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1447 ordinem, accipiunt potestatem quosdam sacros actus perficiendi, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1448 autem obligantur ex hoc ipso ad ea quae sunt perfectionis, nisi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1449 quatenus, apud Occidentalem Ecclesiam, in susceptione sacri ordinis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1450 emittitur continentiae votum, quod est unum eorum quae ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1451 perfectionem pertinent, ut infra dicetur. Unde patet quod ex hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1452 quod aliquis accipit sacrum ordinem, non ponitur simpliciter in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1453 statu perfectionis, quamvis interior perfectio ad hoc requiratur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1454 quod aliquis digne huiusmodi actus exerceat. Similiter etiam nec ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1455 parte curae quam suscipiunt, ponuntur in statu perfectionis. Non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1456 enim obligantur ex hoc ipso vinculo perpetui voti ad hoc quod curam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1457 animarum retineant, sed possunt eam deserere, vel transeundo ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1458 religionem, etiam absque licentia episcopi, ut habetur in decretis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1459 XIX Caus. qu. II; et etiam, cum licentia episcopi, potest aliquis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1460 archidiaconatum vel parochiam dimittere et simplicem praebendam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1461 accipere sine cura. Quod nullo modo liceret si esset in statu
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1462 perfectionis, <i>nemo enim mittens manum ad aratrum et aspiciens
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1463 retro, aptus est regno Dei</i>, ut dicitur Luc. IX. Episcopi autem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1464 quia sunt in statu perfectionis, non nisi auctoritate summi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1465 pontificis, ad quem etiam pertinet in votis perpetuis dispensare,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1466 possunt episcopalem curam deserere, et ex certis causis, ut infra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1467 dicetur. Unde manifestum est quod non omnes praelati sunt in statu
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1468 perfectionis, sed soli episcopi.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1469 <p title="II-II q. 184 a. 6 ad 1"><a name="46315"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1470 "ref">[46315] IIª-IIae, q. 184 a. 6 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1471 ergo dicendum quod de presbytero et episcopo dupliciter loqui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1472 possumus. Uno modo, quantum ad nomen. Et sic olim non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1473 distinguebantur episcopi et presbyteri. Nam episcopi dicuntur ex eo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1474 quod superintendunt, sicut Augustinus dicit, XIX de Civ. Dei,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1475 presbyteri autem in Graeco dicuntur quasi seniores. Unde et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1476 apostolus communiter utitur nomine presbyterorum quantum ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1477 utrosque, cum dicit, I ad Tim. V, <i>qui bene praesunt presbyteri,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1478 duplici honore digni habeantur</i>. Et similiter etiam nomine
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1479 episcoporum, unde dicit, Act. XX, presbyteris Ecclesiae Ephesinae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1480 loquens, <i>attendite vobis et universo gregi, in quo vos spiritus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1481 sanctus posuit episcopos regere Ecclesiam Dei</i>. Sed secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1482 rem, semper inter eos fuit distinctio, etiam tempore apostolorum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1483 ut patet per Dionysium, V cap. Eccles. Hier. Et Luc. X, super
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1484 illud, post haec autem designavit dominus etc., dicit Glossa,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1485 <i>sicut in apostolis forma est episcoporum, sic in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1486 septuagintaduobus discipulis forma est presbyterorum secundi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1487 ordinis</i>. Postmodum tamen, ad schisma vitandum, necessarium fuit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1488 ut etiam nomina distinguerentur, ut scilicet maiores dicerentur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1489 episcopi. Minores autem dicuntur presbyteri. Dicere autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1490 presbyteros non differre ab episcopis, inter dogmata haeretica
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1491 numerat Augustinus, in libro de Haeres., ubi dicit quod Aeriani
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1492 dicebant <i>presbyterum ab episcopo nulla differentia debere
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1493 discerni</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1494 <p title="II-II q. 184 a. 6 ad 2"><a name="46316"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1495 "ref">[46316] IIª-IIae, q. 184 a. 6 ad 2</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1496 secundum dicendum quod episcopi principaliter habent curam omnium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1497 suae dioecesis, presbyteri autem curati et archidiaconi habent
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1498 aliquas subministrationes sub episcopis. Unde super illud I ad Cor.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1499 XII, alii opitulationes, alii gubernationes, dicit Glossa,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1500 <i>opitulationes, idest, eos qui maioribus ferunt opem, ut Titus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1501 apostolo, vel archidiaconi episcopis. Gubernationes, scilicet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1502 minorum personarum praelationes, ut presbyteri sunt, qui plebi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1503 documento sunt</i>. Et Dionysius dicit, V cap. Eccles. Hier., quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1504 <i>sicut universam hierarchiam videmus in Iesu terminatam, ita
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1505 unamquamque in proprio divino hierarcha</i>, idest episcopo. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1506 XVI, qu. I, dicitur, <i>omnibus presbyteris et diaconibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1507 attendendum est ut nihil absque proprii episcopi licentia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1508 agant</i>. Ex quo patet quod ita se habent ad episcopum sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1509 ballivi vel praepositi ad regem. Et propter hoc, sicut in mundanis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1510 potestatibus solus rex solemnem benedictionem accipit, alii vero
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1511 per simplicem commissionem instituuntur; ita etiam in Ecclesia cura
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1512 episcopalis cum solemnitate consecrationis committitur, cura autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1513 archidiaconatus vel plebanatus cum simplici iniunctione.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1514 Consecrantur tamen in susceptione ordinis, etiam antequam curam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1515 habeant.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1516 <p title="II-II q. 184 a. 6 ad 3"><a name="46317"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1517 "ref">[46317] IIª-IIae, q. 184 a. 6 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1518 dicendum quod sicut plebani et archidiaconi non habent
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1519 principaliter curam, sed administrationem quandam secundum quod eis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1520 ab episcopo committitur; ita etiam ad eos non pertinet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1521 principaliter pastorale officium, nec obligatio ponendi animam pro
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1522 ovibus, sed inquantum participant de cura. Unde magis habent
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1523 quoddam officium ad perfectionem pertinens, quam obtineant
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1524 perfectionis statum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1525 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1526 <div class="E">Articulus 7</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1527 <p title="II-II q. 184 a. 7 arg. 1"><a name="46318"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1528 "ref">[46318] IIª-IIae, q. 184 a. 7 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1529 septimum sic proceditur. Videtur quod status religiosorum sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1530 perfectior quam status praelatorum. Dominus enim dicit, Matth. XIX,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1531 si vis <i>perfectus esse, vade et vende omnia quae habes et da
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1532 pauperibus</i>, quod faciunt religiosi. Non autem ad hoc tenentur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1533 episcopi, dicitur enim XII, qu. I, <i>episcopi de rebus propriis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1534 vel acquisitis, vel quidquid de proprio habent, heredibus suis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1535 derelinquant</i>. Ergo religiosi sunt in perfectiori statu quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1536 episcopi.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1537 <p title="II-II q. 184 a. 7 arg. 2"><a name="46319"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1538 "ref">[46319] IIª-IIae, q. 184 a. 7 arg. 2</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1539 Praeterea, perfectio principalius consistit in dilectione Dei quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1540 in dilectione proximi. Sed status religiosorum directe ordinatur ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1541 dilectionem Dei, unde et ex Dei servitio et famulatu nominantur, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1542 Dionysius dicit, VI cap. Eccles. Hier. Status autem episcoporum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1543 videtur ordinari ad dilectionem proximi, cuius curae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1544 superintendunt, unde et nominantur, ut patet per Augustinum, XIX de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1545 Civ. Dei. Ergo videtur quod status religiosorum sit perfectior quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1546 status episcoporum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1547 <p title="II-II q. 184 a. 7 arg. 3"><a name="46320"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1548 "ref">[46320] IIª-IIae, q. 184 a. 7 arg. 3</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1549 Praeterea, status religiosorum ordinatur ad vitam contemplativam,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1550 quae potior est quam vita activa, ad quam ordinatur status
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1551 episcoporum, dicit enim Gregorius, in Pastoral., quod <i>per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1552 activam vitam prodesse proximis cupiens Isaias officium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1553 praedicationis appetiit, per contemplationem vero Ieremias, amori
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1554 conditoris sedulo inhaerere desiderans, ne mitti ad praedicandum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1555 debeat, contradicit</i>. Ergo videtur quod status religiosorum sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1556 perfectior quam status episcoporum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1557 <p title="II-II q. 184 a. 7 s. c."><a name="46321"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1558 "ref">[46321] IIª-IIae, q. 184 a. 7 s. c.</span></a> Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1559 contra, nulli licet a maiori statu ad minorem transire, hoc enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1560 esset retro aspicere. Sed potest aliquis a statu religionis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1561 transire ad statum episcopalem, dicitur enim XVIII, qu. I, quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1562 <i>sacra ordinatio de monacho episcopum facit</i>. Ergo status
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1563 episcoporum est perfectior quam religiosorum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1564 <p title="II-II q. 184 a. 7 co."><a name="46322"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1565 "ref">[46322] IIª-IIae, q. 184 a. 7 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1566 dicendum quod, sicut Augustinus dicit, XII super Gen. ad Litt.,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1567 <i>semper agens praestantius est patiente</i>. In genere autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1568 perfectionis, episcopi, secundum Dionysium, se habent ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1569 perfectores, religiosi autem ut perfecti, quorum unum pertinet ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1570 actionem, alterum autem ad passionem. Unde manifestum est quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1571 status perfectionis potius est in episcopis quam in religiosis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1572 <p title="II-II q. 184 a. 7 ad 1"><a name="46323"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1573 "ref">[46323] IIª-IIae, q. 184 a. 7 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1574 ergo dicendum quod abrenuntiatio propriarum facultatum dupliciter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1575 considerari potest. Uno modo, secundum quod est in actu. Et sic in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1576 ea non consistit essentialiter perfectio, sed est quoddam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1577 perfectionis instrumentum, sicut supra dictum est. Et ideo nihil
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1578 prohibet statum perfectionis esse sine abrenuntiatione propriorum.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1579 Sic etiam dicendum est de aliis exterioribus observantiis. Alio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1580 modo potest considerari secundum praeparationem animi, ut scilicet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1581 homo sit paratus, si opus fuerit, omnia dimittere vel distribuere.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1582 Et hoc pertinet directe ad perfectionem. Unde Augustinus dicit, in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1583 libro de quaest. Evang., <i>ostendit dominus filios sapientiae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1584 intelligere non in abstinendo nec in manducando esse iustitiam, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1585 in aequanimitate tolerandi inopiam</i>. Unde et apostolus dicit,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1586 scio abundare et penuriam pati. Ad hoc autem maxime tenentur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1587 episcopi, quod omnia sua pro honore Dei et salute sui gregis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1588 contemnant, cum opus fuerit, vel pauperibus sui gregis largiendo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1589 vel rapinam bonorum suorum cum gaudio sustinendo.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1590 <p title="II-II q. 184 a. 7 ad 2"><a name="46324"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1591 "ref">[46324] IIª-IIae, q. 184 a. 7 ad 2</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1592 secundum dicendum quod hoc ipsum quod episcopi intendunt his quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1593 pertinent ad proximorum dilectionem, provenit ex abundantia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1594 dilectionis divinae. Unde dominus primo a Petro quaesivit an eum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1595 diligeret, et postea ei gregis curam commisit. Et Gregorius dicit,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1596 in Pastoral., <i>si dilectionis est testimonium cura pastoris,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1597 quisquis, virtutibus pollens, gregem Dei renuit pascere, pastorem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1598 summum convincitur non amare</i>. Hoc autem est maioris dilectionis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1599 signum, ut homo propter amicum etiam alii serviat, quam etiam si
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1600 soli amico velit servire.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1601 <p title="II-II q. 184 a. 7 ad 3"><a name="46325"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1602 "ref">[46325] IIª-IIae, q. 184 a. 7 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1603 dicendum quod, sicut Gregorius dicit, in Pastoral., sit <i>praesul
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1604 actione praecipuus, prae cunctis contemplatione suspensus</i>, quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1605 ad ipsos pertinet non solum propter seipsos, sed etiam propter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1606 instructionem aliorum contemplari. Unde Gregorius dicit, super
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1607 Ezech., quod <i>de perfectis viris post contemplationem suam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1608 redeuntibus dicitur, memoriam suavitatis tuae eructabunt</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1609 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1610 <div class="E">Articulus 8</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1611 <p title="II-II q. 184 a. 8 arg. 1"><a name="46326"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1612 "ref">[46326] IIª-IIae, q. 184 a. 8 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1613 octavum sic proceditur. Videtur quod etiam presbyteri curati et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1614 archidiaconi sint maioris perfectionis quam religiosi. Dicit enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1615 Chrysostomus, in suo dialogo, <i>si talem mihi aliquem adducas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1616 monachum qualis, ut secundum exaggerationem dicam, Elias fuit, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1617 tamen illi comparandus est qui, traditus populis et multorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1618 peccata ferre compulsus, immobilis perseverat et fortis</i>. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1619 parum post dicit, <i>si quis mihi proponeret optionem ubi mallem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1620 placere, in officio sacerdotali an in solitudine monachorum, sine
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1621 comparatione eligerem illud quod prius dixi</i>. Et in eodem libro
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1622 dicit, <i>si quis bene administrato sacerdotio illius propositi,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1623 scilicet monachalis, sudores conferat, tantum eos distare reperiet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1624 quantum inter privatum distat et regem</i>. Ergo videtur quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1625 sacerdotes habentes curam animarum sint perfectiores
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1626 religiosis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1627 <p title="II-II q. 184 a. 8 arg. 2"><a name="46327"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1628 "ref">[46327] IIª-IIae, q. 184 a. 8 arg. 2</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1629 Praeterea, Augustinus dicit, in epistola ad Valerium, <i>cogitet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1630 religiosa prudentia tua nihil esse in hac vita, maxime hoc tempore,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1631 difficilius, laboriosius, periculosius episcopi aut presbyteri aut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1632 diaconi officio, sed apud Deum nihil beatius, si eo modo militetur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1633 quo noster imperator iubet</i>. Non ergo religiosi sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1634 perfectiores presbyteris aut diaconibus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1635 <p title="II-II q. 184 a. 8 arg. 3"><a name="46328"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1636 "ref">[46328] IIª-IIae, q. 184 a. 8 arg. 3</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1637 Praeterea, Augustinus dicit, ad Aurelium, <i>nimis dolendum est, si
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1638 ad tam ruinosam superbiam monachos subrigimus, et tam gravi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1639 contumelia clericos dignos putamus</i>, ut scilicet dicatur quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1640 malus monachus bonus clericus est, <i>cum aliquando bonus etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1641 monachus vix bonum clericum faciat</i>. Et paulo ante praemittit,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1642 non esse viam dandam servis Dei, idest monachis, ut se facilius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1643 putent eligi ad aliquid melius, scilicet clericatum, si facti
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1644 fuerint deteriores, scilicet abiecto monachatu. Ergo videtur quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1645 illi qui sunt in statu clericali, sint perfectiores religiosis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1646 <p title="II-II q. 184 a. 8 arg. 4"><a name="46329"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1647 "ref">[46329] IIª-IIae, q. 184 a. 8 arg. 4</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1648 Praeterea, non licet de statu maiori ad minorem transire. Sed de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1649 statu monastico transire licet ad officium presbyteri curam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1650 habentis, ut patet XVI, qu. I, ex decreto Gelasii Papae, qui dicit,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1651 <i>si quis monachus fuerit qui, venerabilis vitae merito,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1652 sacerdotio dignus praevideatur; et abbas sub cuius imperio regi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1653 Christo militat, illum fieri presbyterum petierit, ab episcopo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1654 debet eligi, et in loco quo iudicaverit ordinari</i>. Et Hieronymus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1655 dicit, ad rusticum monachum, <i>sic vive in monasterio ut clericus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1656 esse merearis</i>. Ergo presbyteri curati et archidiaconi sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1657 perfectiores religiosis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1658 <p title="II-II q. 184 a. 8 arg. 5"><a name="46330"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1659 "ref">[46330] IIª-IIae, q. 184 a. 8 arg. 5</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1660 Praeterea, episcopi sunt in statu perfectiori quam religiosi, ut ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1661 supra dictis patet. Sed presbyteri curati et archidiaconi, ex eo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1662 quod habent curam animarum, similiores sunt episcopis quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1663 religiosi. Ergo sunt maioris perfectionis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1664 <p title="II-II q. 184 a. 8 arg. 6"><a name="46331"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1665 "ref">[46331] IIª-IIae, q. 184 a. 8 arg. 6</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1666 <i>Praeterea, virtus consistit circa difficile et bonum</i>, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1667 dicitur in II Ethic. Sed difficilius est quod aliquis bene vivat in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1668 officio presbyteri curati vel archidiaconi quam in statu
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1669 religionis. Ergo presbyteri curati vel archidiaconi sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1670 perfectioris virtutis quam religiosi.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1671 <p title="II-II q. 184 a. 8 s. c."><a name="46332"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1672 "ref">[46332] IIª-IIae, q. 184 a. 8 s. c.</span></a> Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1673 contra est quod dicitur XIX, qu. II, cap. duae, <i>si quis in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1674 Ecclesia sua sub episcopo populum retinet et saeculariter vivit,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1675 si, afflatus spiritu sancto, in aliquo monasterio vel regulari
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1676 canonica salvari se voluerit, quia lege privata ducitur, nulla
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1677 ratio exigit ut publica constringatur</i>. Sed non ducitur aliquis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1678 a lege spiritus sancti, quae ibi dicitur lex privata, nisi in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1679 aliquid perfectius. Ergo videtur quod religiosi sint perfectiores
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1680 quam archidiaconi vel presbyteri curati.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1681 <p title="II-II q. 184 a. 8 co."><a name="46333"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1682 "ref">[46333] IIª-IIae, q. 184 a. 8 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1683 dicendum quod comparatio supereminentiae non habet locum inter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1684 aliquos ex ea parte in qua conveniunt, sed ex ea parte in qua
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1685 differunt. In presbyteris autem curatis et archidiaconis tria est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1686 considerare, scilicet statum, ordinem et officium. Ad statum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1687 pertinet quod saeculares sunt; ad ordinem, quod sunt sacerdotes vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1688 diaconi; ad officium, quod curam animarum habent sibi commissam. Si
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1689 igitur ex alia parte ponamus statu religiosum, ordine diaconum vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1690 sacerdotem, officio curam animarum habentem, sicut plerique monachi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1691 et canonici regulares habent, in primo quidem excellit, in aliis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1692 autem par erit. Si autem differat secundus a primo statu et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1693 officio, conveniat autem ordine, sicut sunt religiosi sacerdotes et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1694 diaconi curam animarum non habentes, manifestum est quod secundus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1695 primo erit statu quidem excellentior officio autem minor, ordine
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1696 vero aequalis. Est ergo considerandum quae praeeminentia potior
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1697 sit, utrum status, vel officii. Circa quod duo attendenda videntur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1698 scilicet bonitas et difficultas. Si ergo fiat comparatio secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1699 bonitatem, sic praefertur status religionis officio presbyteri
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1700 curati vel archidiaconi, quia religiosus totam vitam suam obligat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1701 ad perfectionis studium; presbyter autem curatus vel archidiaconus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1702 non obligat totam vitam suam ad curam animarum, sicut episcopus;
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1703 nec etiam ei competit principalem curam subditorum habere, sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1704 episcopis; sed quaedam particularia circa curam animarum eorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1705 officio committuntur, ut ex dictis patet. Et ideo comparatio status
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1706 religionis ad eorum officium est sicut universalis ad particulare,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1707 et sicut holocausti ad sacrificium, quod est minus holocausto, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1708 patet per Gregorium, super Ezech. Unde et XIX, qu. I, dicitur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1709 <i>clericis qui monachorum propositum appetunt, quia meliorem vitam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1710 sequi cupiunt, liberos eis ab episcopo in monasteriis oportet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1711 largiri ingressus</i>. Sed haec comparatio intelligenda est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1712 secundum genus operis. Nam secundum caritatem operantis, contingit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1713 quandoque quod opus ex genere suo minus existens, magis est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1714 meritorium, si ex maiori caritate fiat. Si vero attendatur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1715 difficultas bene conversandi in religione, et in officio habentis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1716 curam animarum, sic difficilius est bene conversari cum cura
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1717 animarum, propter exteriora pericula, quamvis conversatio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1718 religionis sit difficilior quantum ad ipsum genus operis, propter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1719 arctitudinem observantiae regularis. Si vero religiosus etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1720 ordine careat, sicut patet de conversis religionum, sic manifestum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1721 est excellere praeeminentiam ordinis quantum ad dignitatem, quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1722 per sacrum ordinem aliquis deputatur ad dignissima ministeria,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1723 quibus ipsi Christo servitur in sacramento altaris, ad quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1724 requiritur maior sanctitas interior quam requirat etiam religionis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1725 status; quia, sicut Dionysius dicit, VI cap. Eccles. Hier.,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1726 <i>monasticus ordo debet sequi sacerdotales ordines, et ad eorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1727 imitationem in divina ascendere</i>. Unde gravius peccat, ceteris
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1728 paribus, clericus in sacris ordinibus constitutus, si aliquid
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1729 contrarium sanctitati agat, quam aliquis religiosus qui non habet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1730 ordinem sacrum, quamvis laicus religiosus teneatur ad observantias
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1731 regulares, ad quas illi qui sunt in sacris ordinibus non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1732 tenentur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1733 <p title="II-II q. 184 a. 8 ad 1"><a name="46334"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1734 "ref">[46334] IIª-IIae, q. 184 a. 8 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1735 ergo dicendum quod ad illas auctoritates Chrysostomi breviter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1736 responderi posset quod non loquitur de sacerdote curato minoris
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1737 ordinis, sed de episcopo, qui dicitur summus sacerdos. Et hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1738 convenit intentioni illius libri, in quo consolatur se et Basilium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1739 de hoc quod erant in episcopos electi. Sed hoc praetermisso,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1740 dicendum est quod loquitur quantum ad difficultatem. Praemittit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1741 enim, <i>cum fuerit gubernator in mediis fluctibus et de tempestate
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1742 navem liberare potuerit, tunc merito testimonium perfecti
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1743 gubernatoris ab omnibus promeretur</i>. Et post concludit quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1744 supra positum est de monacho, qui non est comparandus illi qui,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1745 traditus populis, immobilis perseverat, et subdit causam, quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1746 sicut in tranquillitate, ita in tempestate gubernavit seipsum. Ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1747 quo nihil aliud ostendi potest nisi quod periculosior est status
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1748 habentis curam animarum quam monachi, in maiori autem periculo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1749 innocentem se servare est maioris virtutis indicium. Sed hoc etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1750 ad magnitudinem virtutis pertinet, quod aliquis vitet pericula
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1751 religionem intrando. Unde non dicit quod mallet esse in officio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1752 sacerdotali quam in solitudine monachorum, sed quod mallet placere
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1753 in hoc quam in illo, quia hoc est maioris virtutis argumentum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1754 <p title="II-II q. 184 a. 8 ad 2"><a name="46335"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1755 "ref">[46335] IIª-IIae, q. 184 a. 8 ad 2</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1756 secundum dicendum quod etiam illa auctoritas Augustini manifeste
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1757 loquitur quantum ad difficultatem, quae ostendit magnitudinem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1758 virtutis in his qui bene conversantur, sicut dictum est.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1759 <p title="II-II q. 184 a. 8 ad 3"><a name="46336"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1760 "ref">[46336] IIª-IIae, q. 184 a. 8 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1761 dicendum quod Augustinus ibi comparat monachos clericis quantum ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1762 distantiam ordinis, non quantum ad distantiam religionis et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1763 saecularis vitae.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1764 <p title="II-II q. 184 a. 8 ad 4"><a name="46337"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1765 "ref">[46337] IIª-IIae, q. 184 a. 8 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1766 dicendum quod illi qui a statu religionis assumuntur ad curam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1767 animarum, cum prius essent in sacris ordinibus constituti
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1768 assequuntur aliquid quod prius non habebant, scilicet officium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1769 curae, non autem deponunt quod prius habebant, scilicet religionis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1770 statum; dicitur enim in decretis, XVI causa, qu. I, <i>de monachis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1771 qui, diu morantes in monasteriis, si postea ad clericatus ordines
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1772 pervenerint, statuimus non debere eos a priori proposito
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1773 discedere</i>. Sed presbyteri curati vel archidiaconi, quando
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1774 religionem ingrediuntur, curam deponunt ut adipiscantur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1775 perfectionem status. Unde ex hoc ipso excellentia ex parte
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1776 religionis ostenditur. In hoc autem quod religiosi laici assumuntur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1777 ad clericatum et sacros ordines, manifeste promoventur ad melius,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1778 sicut supra dictum est. Et hoc ostenditur ex ipso modo loquendi,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1779 cum Hieronymus dicit, <i>sic in monasterio vive ut clericus esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1780 merearis</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1781 <p title="II-II q. 184 a. 8 ad 5"><a name="46338"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1782 "ref">[46338] IIª-IIae, q. 184 a. 8 ad 5</span></a> Ad quintum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1783 dicendum quod presbyteri curati et archidiaconi sunt similiores
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1784 episcopis quam religiosi quantum ad aliquid, scilicet quantum ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1785 curam animarum, quam secundario habent. Sed quantum ad perpetuam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1786 obligationem, quae requiritur ad statum perfectionis, similiores
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1787 sunt episcopo religiosi, ut ex supra dictis patet.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1788 <p title="II-II q. 184 a. 8 ad 6"><a name="46339"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1789 "ref">[46339] IIª-IIae, q. 184 a. 8 ad 6</span></a> Ad sextum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1790 dicendum quod difficultas quae est ex arduitate operis, addit ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1791 perfectionem virtutis. Difficultas autem quae provenit ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1792 exterioribus impedimentis, quandoque quidem diminuit perfectionem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1793 virtutis, puta cum aliquis non tantum virtutem amat ut impedimenta
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1794 virtutis declinare velit, secundum illud apostoli, I ad Cor. IX,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1795 <i>omnis qui in agone contendit, ab omnibus se abstinet</i>.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1796 Quandoque vero est signum perfectionis virtutis, puta cum alicui ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1797 inopinato vel ex necessaria causa impedimenta virtutis occurrunt,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1798 propter quae tamen a virtute non declinat. In statu autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1799 religionis est maior difficultas ex arduitate operum, sed in his
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1800 qui in saeculo vivunt qualitercumque, est maior difficultas ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1801 impedimentis virtutis, quae religiosi provide vitaverunt.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1802 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1803 <div class="D">Quaestio 185</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1804 <div class="G">Prooemium</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1805 <p title="II-II q. 185 pr."><a name="46340"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1806 "ref">[46340] IIª-IIae, q. 185 pr.</span></a> Deinde
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1807 considerandum est de his quae pertinent ad statum episcoporum. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1808 circa hoc quaeruntur octo. Primo, utrum liceat episcopatum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1809 appetere. Secundo, utrum liceat episcopatum finaliter recusare.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1810 Tertio, utrum oporteat ad episcopatum eligere meliorem. Quarto,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1811 utrum episcopus possit ad religionem transire. Quinto, utrum liceat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1812 ei corporaliter suos subditos deserere. Sexto, utrum possit habere
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1813 proprium. Septimo, utrum peccet mortaliter bona ecclesiastica
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1814 pauperibus non erogando. Octavo, utrum religiosi qui ad episcopatum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1815 assumuntur, teneantur ad observantias regulares.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1816 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1817 <div class="E">Articulus 1</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1818 <p title="II-II q. 185 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="46341"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1819 "ref">[46341] IIª-IIae, q. 185 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1820 primum sic proceditur. Videtur quod liceat episcopatum appetere.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1821 Dicit enim apostolus, I ad Tim. III, <i>qui episcopatum desiderat,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1822 bonum opus desiderat</i>. Sed licitum et laudabile est bonum opus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1823 desiderare. Ergo etiam laudabile est desiderare episcopatum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1824 <p title="II-II q. 185 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="46342"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1825 "ref">[46342] IIª-IIae, q. 185 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1826 Praeterea, status episcoporum est perfectior quam status
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1827 religiosorum, ut supra habitum est. Sed laudabile est quod aliquis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1828 desideret ad statum religionis transire. Ergo etiam laudabile est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1829 quod aliquis appetat ad episcopatum promoveri.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1830 <p title="II-II q. 185 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="46343"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1831 "ref">[46343] IIª-IIae, q. 185 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1832 Praeterea, Prov. XI dicitur, <i>qui abscondit frumenta, maledicetur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1833 in populis, benedictio autem super caput vendentium</i>. Sed ille
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1834 qui est idoneus et vita et scientia ad episcopatum, videtur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1835 frumenta spiritualia abscondere si se ab episcopatu subtrahat, per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1836 hoc autem quod episcopatum accipit, ponitur in statu frumenta
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1837 spiritualia dispensandi. Ergo videtur quod laudabile sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1838 episcopatum appetere, et vituperabile ipsum refugere.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1839 <p title="II-II q. 185 a. 1 arg. 4"><a name="46344"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1840 "ref">[46344] IIª-IIae, q. 185 a. 1 arg. 4</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1841 Praeterea, facta sanctorum quae in Scriptura narrantur, proponuntur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1842 nobis in exemplum, secundum illud Rom. XV, <i>quaecumque scripta
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1843 sunt, ad nostram doctrinam scripta sunt</i>. Sed legitur Isaiae VI,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1844 quod Isaias se obtulit ad officium praedicationis, quae praecipue
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1845 competit episcopis. Ergo videtur quod appetere episcopatum sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1846 laudabile.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1847 <p title="II-II q. 185 a. 1 s. c."><a name="46345"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1848 "ref">[46345] IIª-IIae, q. 185 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1849 contra est quod Augustinus dicit, XIX de Civ. Dei, <i>locus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1850 superior, sine quo populus regi non potest, etsi administretur ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1851 decet, tamen indecenter appetitur</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1852 <p title="II-II q. 185 a. 1 co."><a name="46346"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1853 "ref">[46346] IIª-IIae, q. 185 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1854 dicendum quod in episcopatu tria possunt considerari. Quorum unum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1855 est principale et finale, scilicet episcopalis operatio, per quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1856 utilitati proximorum intendit, secundum illud Ioan. ult., pasce
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1857 oves meas. Aliud autem est altitudo gradus, quia episcopus super
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1858 alios constituitur, secundum illud Matth. XXIV, <i>fidelis servus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1859 et prudens, quem constituit dominus super familiam suam</i>.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1860 Tertium autem est quod consequenter se habet ad ista, scilicet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1861 reverentia et honor, et sufficientia temporalium, secundum illud I
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1862 ad Tim. V, <i>qui bene praesunt presbyteri, duplici honore digni
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1863 habeantur</i>. Appetere igitur episcopatum ratione huiusmodi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1864 circumstantium bonorum, manifestum est quod est illicitum, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1865 pertinet ad cupiditatem vel ambitionem. Unde contra Pharisaeos
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1866 dominus dicit, Matth. XXIII, <i>amant primos accubitus in cenis et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1867 primas cathedras in synagogis, salutationes in foro, et vocari ab
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1868 hominibus, Rabbi</i>. Quantum autem ad secundum, scilicet ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1869 celsitudinem gradus, appetere episcopatum est praesumptuosum. Unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1870 dominus, Matth. XX, arguit discipulos primatum quaerentes, dicens,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1871 <i>scitis quia principes gentium dominantur eorum</i>, ubi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1872 Chrysostomus dicit quod per hoc <i>ostendit quod gentile est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1873 primatus cupere; et sic gentium comparatione eorum animam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1874 aestuantem convertit</i>. Sed appetere proximis prodesse est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1875 secundum se laudabile et virtuosum. Verum quia, prout est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1876 episcopalis actus, habet annexam gradus celsitudinem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1877 praesumptuosum videtur quod aliquis praeesse appetat ad hoc quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1878 subditis prosit, nisi manifesta necessitate imminente, sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1879 Gregorius dicit, in Pastoral., quod <i>tunc laudabile erat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1880 episcopatum quaerere, quando per hunc quemque dubium non erat ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1881 supplicia graviora pervenire</i>, unde non de facili inveniebatur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1882 qui hoc onus assumeret; praesertim cum aliquis caritatis zelo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1883 divinitus ad hoc incitatur, sicut Gregorius dicit, in Pastoral.,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1884 quod <i>Isaias, prodesse proximis cupiens, laudabiliter officium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1885 praedicationis appetiit</i>. Potest tamen absque praesumptione
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1886 quilibet appetere talia opera facere, si eum contingeret in tali
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1887 officio esse; vel etiam se esse dignum ad talia opera exequenda,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1888 ita quod opus bonum cadat sub desiderio, non autem primatus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1889 dignitatis. Unde Chrysostomus dicit, super Matth., <i>opus quidem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1890 desiderare bonum, bonum est, primatum autem honoris concupiscere
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1891 vanitas est. Primatus enim fugientem se desiderat, desiderantem se
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1892 horret</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1893 <p title="II-II q. 185 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="46347"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1894 "ref">[46347] IIª-IIae, q. 185 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1895 ergo dicendum quod, sicut Gregorius dicit, in Pastoral., <i>illo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1896 tempore hoc dixit apostolus quo ille qui plebibus praeerat, primus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1897 ad martyrii tormenta ducebatur</i>, et sic nihil aliud erat quod in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1898 episcopatu appeti posset nisi bonum opus. Unde Augustinus dicit,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1899 XIX de Civ. Dei, quod apostolus dicens, <i>qui episcopatum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1900 desiderat, bonum opus desiderat, exponere voluit quid sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1901 episcopatus, quia nomen operis est, non honoris. Scopos quidem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1902 intentio est. Ergo episcopein, si velimus Latine superintendere
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1903 possumus dicere, ut intelligat non se esse episcopum qui praeesse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1904 dilexerit, non prodesse. In actione enim, ut parum ante praemittit,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1905 non amandus est honor in hac vita sive potentia, quoniam omnia vana
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1906 sunt sub sole, sed opus ipsum quod per eundem honorem vel potentiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1907 fit</i>. Et tamen, ut Gregorius dicit, in Pastoral., <i>laudans
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1908 desiderium</i>, scilicet boni operis, <i>in pavorem vertit protinus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1909 quod laudavit, cum subiungit, oportet autem episcopum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1910 irreprehensibilem esse, quasi dicat, laudo quod quaeritis, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1911 discite quid quaeratis</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1912 <p title="II-II q. 185 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="46348"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1913 "ref">[46348] IIª-IIae, q. 185 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1914 secundum dicendum quod non est eadem ratio de statu religionis et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1915 statu episcopali, propter duo. Primo quidem, quia ad statum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1916 episcopalem praeexigitur vitae perfectio, ut patet per hoc quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1917 dominus a Petro exquisivit si plus eum ceteris diligeret, antequam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1918 ei committeret pastorale officium. Sed ad statum religionis non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1919 praeexigitur perfectio, sed est via in perfectionem unde et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1920 dominus, Matth. XIX, non dixit, si es perfectus, vade et vende
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1921 omnia quae habes, sed, si vis esse perfectus. Et huius differentiae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1922 ratio est quia, secundum Dionysium, perfectio pertinet active ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1923 episcopum, sicut ad perfectorem, ad monachum autem passive, sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1924 ad perfectum. Requiritur autem quod sit perfectus aliquis ad hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1925 quod possit alios ad perfectionem adducere, quod non praeexigitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1926 ab eo qui debet ad perfectionem adduci. Est autem praesumptuosum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1927 quod aliquis perfectum se reputet, non autem quod aliquis ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1928 perfectionem tendat. Secundo, quia ille qui statum religionis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1929 assumit, se aliis subiicit ad spiritualia capienda, et hoc cuilibet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1930 licet. Unde Augustinus dicit, XIX de Civ. Dei, <i>a studio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1931 cognoscendae veritatis nemo prohibetur, quod ad laudabile pertinet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1932 otium</i>. Sed ille qui transit ad statum episcopalem, sublimatur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1933 ad hoc quod aliis provideat. Et hanc sublimationem nullus debet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1934 sibi assumere, secundum illud Heb. V, <i>nemo assumit sibi honorem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1935 sed qui vocatur a Deo</i>. Et Chrysostomus dicit, super Matth.,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1936 <i>primatum Ecclesiae concupiscere neque iustum est neque utile.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1937 Quis enim sapiens vult ultro se subiicere servituti et periculo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1938 tali ut det rationem pro omni Ecclesia, nisi forte qui non timet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1939 Dei iudicium, abutens primatu ecclesiastico saeculariter, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1940 scilicet convertat ipsum in saecularem?</i></p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1941 <p title="II-II q. 185 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="46349"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1942 "ref">[46349] IIª-IIae, q. 185 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1943 dicendum quod dispensatio spiritualium frumentorum non est facienda
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1944 secundum arbitrium cuiuslibet, sed principaliter quidem secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1945 arbitrium et dispositionem Dei; secundario autem secundum arbitrium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1946 superiorum praelatorum, ex quorum persona dicitur, I ad Cor. IV,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1947 <i>sic nos existimet homo ut ministros Christi, et dispensatores
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1948 mysteriorum Dei</i>. Et ideo non intelligitur ille abscondere
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1949 frumenta spiritualia cui non competit ex officio, nec ei a
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1950 superiori iniungitur, si ab aliorum correctione aut gubernatione
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1951 desistat, sed solum tunc intelligitur abscondere, si dispensationem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1952 negligat cum ei ex officio incumbat, vel si officium, cum ei
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1953 iniungitur, pertinaciter recipere renuat. Unde Augustinus dicit,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1954 XIX de Civ. Dei, <i>otium sanctum quaerit caritas veritatis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1955 negotium iustum suscipit necessitas caritatis. Quam sarcinam si
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1956 nullus imponit, percipiendae atque intuendae vacandum est veritati.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1957 Si autem imponitur, suscipienda est, propter caritatis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1958 necessitatem</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1959 <p title="II-II q. 185 a. 1 ad 4"><a name="46350"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1960 "ref">[46350] IIª-IIae, q. 185 a. 1 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1961 dicendum quod, sicut Gregorius dicit, in Pastoral., <i>Isaias, qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1962 mitti voluit, ante se per altaris calculum purgatum vidit, ne non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1963 purgatus adire quisque sacra ministeria audeat. Quia ergo valde
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1964 difficile est purgatum se quemlibet posse cognoscere,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1965 praedicationis officium tutius declinatur</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1966 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1967 <div class="E">Articulus 2</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1968 <p title="II-II q. 185 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="46351"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1969 "ref">[46351] IIª-IIae, q. 185 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1970 secundum sic proceditur. Videtur quod liceat episcopatum iniunctum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1971 omnino recusare. Ut enim Gregorius dicit, in Pastoral., <i>per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1972 activam vitam prodesse proximis cupiens Isaias, officium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1973 praedicationis appetit, per contemplationem vero Ieremias amori
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1974 conditoris sedulo inhaerere desiderans, ne mitti ad praedicandum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1975 debeat, contradicit</i>. Nullus autem peccat si meliora nolit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1976 deserere ut minus bonis inhaereat. Cum ergo amor Dei praeemineat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1977 dilectioni proximi, et vita contemplativa praeferatur vitae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1978 activae, ut ex supra dictis patet, videtur quod non peccat ille qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1979 omnino episcopatum recusat.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1980 <p title="II-II q. 185 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="46352"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1981 "ref">[46352] IIª-IIae, q. 185 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1982 Praeterea, sicut Gregorius dicit, <i>valde difficile est ut aliquis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1983 se purgatum possit cognoscere, nec debet aliquis non purgatus sacra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1984 ministeria adire</i>. Si ergo aliquis se non sentiat esse purgatum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1985 quantumcumque sibi episcopale iniungatur officium, non debet illud
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1986 suscipere.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1987 <p title="II-II q. 185 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="46353"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1988 "ref">[46353] IIª-IIae, q. 185 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1989 Praeterea, de beato Marco Hieronymus dicit, in prologo super
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1990 Marcum, quod <i>amputasse sibi post fidem pollicem dicitur, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1991 sacerdotio reprobus haberetur</i>. Et similiter aliqui votum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1992 emittunt ut nunquam episcopatum accipiant. Sed eiusdem rationis est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1993 ponere impedimentum ad aliquid, et omnino recusare illud. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1994 videtur quod absque peccato possit aliquis omnino episcopatum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1995 recusare.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1996 <p title="II-II q. 185 a. 2 s. c."><a name="46354"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1997 "ref">[46354] IIª-IIae, q. 185 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1998 contra est quod dicit Augustinus, ad Eudoxium, <i>si qua opera
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1999 vestra mater Ecclesia desideraverit, nec elatione avida
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2000 suscipiatis, nec blandiente desidia respuatis</i>. Postea subdit,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2001 <i>neque otium vestrum necessitatibus Ecclesiae praeponatis, cui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2002 parturienti si nulli boni ministrare vellent, quomodo nasceremini
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2003 non inveniretis</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2004 <p title="II-II q. 185 a. 2 co."><a name="46355"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2005 "ref">[46355] IIª-IIae, q. 185 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2006 dicendum quod in assumptione episcopatus duo sunt consideranda,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2007 primo quidem, quid deceat hominem appetere secundum propriam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2008 voluntatem; secundo, quid hominem deceat facere ad voluntatem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2009 alterius. Quantum igitur ad propriam voluntatem, convenit homini
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2010 principaliter insistere propriae saluti, sed quod aliorum saluti
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2011 intendat, hoc convenit homini ex dispositione alterius potestatem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2012 habentis, sicut ex supra dictis patet. Unde sicut ad inordinationem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2013 voluntatis pertinet quod aliquis proprio motu feratur in hoc quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2014 aliorum gubernationi praeficiatur; ita etiam ad inordinationem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2015 voluntatis pertinet quod aliquis omnino, contra superioris
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2016 iniunctionem, praedictum gubernationis officium finaliter recuset,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2017 propter duo. Primo quidem, quia hoc repugnat caritati proximorum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2018 quorum utilitati se aliquis debet exponere pro loco et tempore.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2019 Unde Augustinus dicit, XIX de Civ. Dei, quod <i>negotium iustum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2020 suscipit necessitas caritatis</i>. Secundo, quia hoc repugnat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2021 humilitati, per quam aliquis superiorum mandatis se subiicit. Unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2022 Gregorius dicit, in Pastoral., quod <i>tunc ante Dei oculos vera
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2023 est humilitas, cum ad respuendum hoc quod utiliter subire
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2024 praecipitur, pertinax non est</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2025 <p title="II-II q. 185 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="46356"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2026 "ref">[46356] IIª-IIae, q. 185 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2027 ergo dicendum quod quamvis, simpliciter et absolute loquendo, vita
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2028 contemplativa potior sit quam activa, et amor Dei quam dilectio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2029 proximi; tamen ex alia parte bonum multitudinis praeferendum est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2030 bono unius. Unde Augustinus dicit, in verbis praemissis, <i>neque
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2031 otium vestrum necessitatibus Ecclesiae praeponatis</i>. Praesertim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2032 quia et hoc ipsum ad dilectionem Dei pertinet quod aliquis ovibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2033 Christi curam pastoralem impendat. Unde super illud Ioan. ult.,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2034 pasce oves meas, dicit Augustinus, <i>sit amoris officium pascere
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2035 dominicum gregem, sicut fuit timoris indicium negare pastorem</i>.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2036 Similiter etiam praelati non sic transferuntur ad vitam activam ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2037 contemplativam deserant. Unde Augustinus dicit, XIX de Civ. Dei,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2038 quod, <i>si imponatur sarcina pastoralis officii, nec sic deserenda
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2039 est delectatio veritatis</i>, quae scilicet in contemplatione
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2040 habetur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2041 <p title="II-II q. 185 a. 2 ad 2"><a name="46357"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2042 "ref">[46357] IIª-IIae, q. 185 a. 2 ad 2</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2043 secundum dicendum quod nullus tenetur obedire praelato ad aliquod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2044 illicitum, sicut patet ex his quae supra dicta sunt de obedientia.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2045 Potest ergo contingere quod ille cui iniungitur praelationis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2046 officium, in se aliquid sentiat per quod non liceat ei praelationem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2047 accipere. Hoc autem impedimentum quandoque quidem removeri potest
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2048 per ipsummet cui pastoralis cura iniungitur, puta si habeat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2049 peccandi propositum, quod potest deserere. Et propter hoc non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2050 excusatur quin finaliter teneatur obedire praelato iniungenti.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2051 Quandoque vero impedimentum ex quo fit ei illicitum pastorale
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2052 officium, non potest ipse removere, sed praelatus qui iniungit,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2053 puta si sit irregularis vel excommunicatus. Et tunc debet defectum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2054 suum praelato iniungenti ostendere, qui si impedimentum removere
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2055 voluerit, tenetur humiliter obedire. Unde Exodi IV, cum Moyses
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2056 dixisset, <i>obsecro, domine, non sum eloquens ab heri et nudius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2057 tertius</i>, dominus respondit ad eum, <i>ego ero in ore tuo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2058 doceboque te quid loquaris</i>. Quandoque vero non potest removeri
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2059 impedimentum nec per iniungentem nec per eum cui iniungitur, sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2060 si archiepiscopus non possit super irregularitate dispensare. Unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2061 subditus non tenetur ei obedire ad suscipiendum episcopatum, vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2062 etiam sacros ordines, si sit irregularis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2063 <p title="II-II q. 185 a. 2 ad 3"><a name="46358"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2064 "ref">[46358] IIª-IIae, q. 185 a. 2 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2065 dicendum quod accipere episcopatum non est de se necessarium ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2066 salutem, sed fit necessarium ex superioris praecepto. His autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2067 quae sic sunt necessaria ad salutem, potest aliquis impedimentum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2068 licite apponere antequam fiat praeceptum, alioquin, non liceret
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2069 alicui transire ad secundas nuptias, ne per hoc impediretur a
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2070 susceptione episcopatus vel sacri ordinis. Non autem hoc liceret in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2071 his quae per se sunt de necessitate salutis. Unde beatus Marcus non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2072 contra praeceptum egit sibi digitum amputando, quamvis credibile
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2073 sit ex instinctu spiritus sancti hoc fecisse, sine quo non licet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2074 alicui sibi manus iniicere. Qui autem votum emittit de non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2075 suscipiendo episcopatum, si per hoc intendat se obligare ad hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2076 quod nec per obedientiam superioris praelati accipiat, illicite
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2077 vovet. Si autem intendit ad hoc se obligare ut, quantum est de se,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2078 episcopatum non quaerat; nec suscipiat, nisi necessitate imminente,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2079 licitum est votum, quia vovet se facturum id quod hominem facere
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2080 decet.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2081 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2082 <div class="E">Articulus 3</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2083 <p title="II-II q. 185 a. 3 arg. 1"><a name="46359"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2084 "ref">[46359] IIª-IIae, q. 185 a. 3 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2085 tertium sic proceditur. Videtur quod oporteat eum qui ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2086 episcopatum assumitur, esse ceteris meliorem. Dominus enim Petrum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2087 cui commissurus erat pastorale officium, examinavit si se diligeret
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2088 plus ceteris. Sed ex hoc aliquis melior est quod Deum plus diligit.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2089 Ergo videtur quod ad episcopatum non sit assumendus nisi ille qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2090 est ceteris melior.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2091 <p title="II-II q. 185 a. 3 arg. 2"><a name="46360"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2092 "ref">[46360] IIª-IIae, q. 185 a. 3 arg. 2</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2093 Praeterea, Symmachus Papa dicit, <i>vilissimus computandus est,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2094 nisi scientia et sanctitate praecellat, qui est dignitate
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2095 praestantior</i>. Sed ille qui praecellit scientia et sanctitate,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2096 est melior. Ergo non debet aliquis ad episcopatum assumi nisi sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2097 ceteris melior.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2098 <p title="II-II q. 185 a. 3 arg. 3"><a name="46361"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2099 "ref">[46361] IIª-IIae, q. 185 a. 3 arg. 3</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2100 Praeterea, in quolibet genere minora per maiora reguntur, sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2101 corporalia reguntur per spiritualia, et inferiora corpora per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2102 superiora, ut Augustinus dicit, in III de Trin. Sed episcopus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2103 assumitur ad regimen aliorum. Ergo debet esse ceteris melior.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2104 <p title="II-II q. 185 a. 3 s. c."><a name="46362"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2105 "ref">[46362] IIª-IIae, q. 185 a. 3 s. c.</span></a> Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2106 contra est quod decretalis dicit quod sufficit eligere bonum, nec
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2107 oportet eligere meliorem.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2108 <p title="II-II q. 185 a. 3 co."><a name="46363"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2109 "ref">[46363] IIª-IIae, q. 185 a. 3 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2110 dicendum quod circa assumptionem alicuius ad episcopatum, aliquid
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2111 est considerandum ex parte eius qui assumitur, et aliquid ex parte
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2112 eius qui assumit. Ex parte enim eius qui assumit, vel eligendo vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2113 providendo, requiritur quod fideliter divina ministeria dispenset.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2114 Quae quidem dispensari debent ad utilitatem Ecclesiae, secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2115 illud I ad Cor. XIV, <i>ad aedificationem Ecclesiae quaerite ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2116 abundetis</i>, non autem ministeria divina hominibus committuntur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2117 propter eorum remunerationem, quam expectare debent in futuro. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2118 ideo ille qui debet aliquem eligere in episcopum, vel de eo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2119 providere, non tenetur assumere meliorem simpliciter, quod est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2120 secundum caritatem, sed meliorem quoad regimen Ecclesiae, qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2121 scilicet possit Ecclesiam et instruere et defendere et pacifice
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2122 gubernare. Unde contra quosdam Hieronymus dicit quod <i>quidam non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2123 quaerunt eos in Ecclesia columnas erigere quos plus cognoscant
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2124 Ecclesiae prodesse, sed quos vel ipsi amant, vel quorum sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2125 obsequiis deliniti, vel pro quibus maiorum quispiam rogaverit, et,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2126 ut deteriora taceam, qui ut clerici fierent muneribus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2127 impetrarunt</i>. Hoc autem pertinet ad acceptionem personarum, quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2128 in talibus est grave peccatum. Unde super illud Iac. II, <i>fratres
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2129 mei, nolite in personarum acceptione</i> etc., dicit Glossa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2130 Augustini, <i>si hanc distantiam sedendi et standi ad honores
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2131 ecclesiasticos referamus, non est putandum leve esse peccatum in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2132 personarum acceptione habere fidem domini gloriae. Quis enim ferat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2133 eligi divitem ad sedem honoris Ecclesiae, contempto paupere
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2134 instructiore et sanctiore?</i> Ex parte autem eius qui assumitur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2135 non requiritur quod reputet se aliis meliorem, hoc enim esset
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2136 superbum et praesumptuosum, sed sufficit quod nihil in se inveniat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2137 per quod illicitum ei reddatur assumere praelationis officium. Unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2138 licet Petrus interrogatus esset an dominum plus ceteris diligeret,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2139 in sua responsione non se praetulit ceteris, sed respondit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2140 simpliciter quod Christum amaret.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2141 <p title="II-II q. 185 a. 3 ad 1"><a name="46364"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2142 "ref">[46364] IIª-IIae, q. 185 a. 3 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2143 ergo dicendum quod dominus in Petro sciebat ex suo munere esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2144 idoneitatem etiam quantum ad alia, Ecclesiam gubernandi. Et ideo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2145 eum de ampliori dilectione examinavit ad ostendendum quod, ubi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2146 alias invenitur homo idoneus ad Ecclesiae regimen, praecipue
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2147 attendi debet in ipso eminentia divinae dilectionis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2148 <p title="II-II q. 185 a. 3 ad 2"><a name="46365"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2149 "ref">[46365] IIª-IIae, q. 185 a. 3 ad 2</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2150 secundum dicendum quod auctoritas illa est intelligenda quantum ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2151 studium illius qui in dignitate est constitutus, debet enim ad hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2152 intendere ut talem se exhibeat ut ceteros et scientia et sanctitate
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2153 praecellat. Unde Gregorius dicit, in Pastoral., <i>tantum debet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2154 actionem populi actio transcendere praesulis, quantum distare solet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2155 a grege vita pastoris</i>. Non autem sibi imputandum est si ante
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2156 praelationem excellentior non fuit, ut ex hoc debeat vilissimus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2157 reputari.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2158 <p title="II-II q. 185 a. 3 ad 3"><a name="46366"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2159 "ref">[46366] IIª-IIae, q. 185 a. 3 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2160 dicendum quod, sicut dicitur I ad Cor. XII, <i>divisiones gratiarum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2161 et ministrationum et operationum sunt</i>. Unde nihil prohibet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2162 aliquem esse magis idoneum ad officium regiminis qui tamen non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2163 excellit in gratia sanctitatis. Secus autem est in regimine ordinis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2164 naturalis, in quo id quod est superius naturae ordine, ex hoc ipso
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2165 habet maiorem idoneitatem ad hoc quod inferiora disponat.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2166 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2167 <div class="E">Articulus 4</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2168 <p title="II-II q. 185 a. 4 arg. 1"><a name="46367"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2169 "ref">[46367] IIª-IIae, q. 185 a. 4 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2170 quartum sic proceditur. Videtur quod episcopus non possit licite
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2171 curam episcopalem deserere, ut ad religionem se transferat. Nulli
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2172 enim de statu perfectiori licet ad minus perfectum statum transire,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2173 hoc enim est respicere retro, quod est damnabile, secundum domini
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2174 sententiam dicentis, Luc. IX, <i>nemo mittens manum ad aratrum et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2175 aspiciens retro, aptus est regno Dei</i>. Sed status episcopalis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2176 est perfectior quam status religionis, ut supra habitum est. Ergo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2177 sicut non licet de statu religionis redire ad saeculum, ita non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2178 licet de statu episcopali ad religionem transire.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2179 <p title="II-II q. 185 a. 4 arg. 2"><a name="46368"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2180 "ref">[46368] IIª-IIae, q. 185 a. 4 arg. 2</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2181 Praeterea, ordo gratiae est decentior quam ordo naturae. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2182 secundum naturam, non movetur idem ad contraria, puta, si lapis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2183 naturaliter deorsum movetur, non potest naturaliter a deorsum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2184 redire in sursum. Sed secundum ordinem gratiae, licet transire de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2185 statu religionis ad statum episcopalem. Ergo non licet e converso
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2186 de statu episcopali redire ad statum religionis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2187 <p title="II-II q. 185 a. 4 arg. 3"><a name="46369"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2188 "ref">[46369] IIª-IIae, q. 185 a. 4 arg. 3</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2189 Praeterea, nihil in operibus gratiae debet esse otiosum. Sed ille
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2190 qui est semel in episcopum consecratus, perpetuo retinet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2191 spiritualem potestatem conferendi ordines, et alia huiusmodi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2192 faciendi quae ad episcopale officium pertinent, quae quidem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2193 potestas otiosa remanere videtur in eo qui curam episcopalem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2194 dimittit. Ergo videtur quod episcopus non possit curam episcopalem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2195 dimittere et ad religionem transire.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2196 <p title="II-II q. 185 a. 4 s. c."><a name="46370"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2197 "ref">[46370] IIª-IIae, q. 185 a. 4 s. c.</span></a> Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2198 contra, nullus cogitur ad id quod est secundum se illicitum. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2199 illi qui petunt cessionem a cura episcopali, ad cedendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2200 compelluntur, ut patet extra, de Renunt., cap. quidam. Ergo videtur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2201 quod deserere curam episcopalem non sit illicitum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2202 <p title="II-II q. 185 a. 4 co."><a name="46371"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2203 "ref">[46371] IIª-IIae, q. 185 a. 4 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2204 dicendum quod perfectio episcopalis status in hoc consistit quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2205 aliquis ex divina dilectione se obligat ad hoc quod saluti
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2206 proximorum insistat. Et ideo tandiu obligatur ad hoc quod curam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2207 pastoralem retineat, quandiu potest subditis sibi commissis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2208 proficere ad salutem. Quam quidem negligere non debet, neque
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2209 propter divinae contemplationis quietem, cum apostolus propter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2210 necessitatem subditorum etiam a contemplatione futurae vitae se
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2211 differri patienter toleraret; secundum illud Philipp. I, <i>ecce,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2212 quid eligam ignoro. Coarctor enim e duobus, desiderium habens
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2213 dissolvi et esse cum Christo, multo magis melius est; permanere
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2214 autem in carne est necessarium propter vos. Et hoc confidens, scio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2215 quia manebo</i>. Neque etiam propter quaecumque adversa vitanda vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2216 lucra conquirenda, quia, sicut dicitur Ioan. X, <i>bonus pastor
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2217 animam suam ponit pro ovibus suis</i>. Contingit tamen quandoque
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2218 quod episcopus impeditur procurare subditorum salutem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2219 multipliciter. Quandoque quidem propter proprium defectum, vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2220 conscientiae, sicut si sit homicida vel simoniacus; vel etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2221 corporis, puta si sit senex vel infirmus; vel etiam scientiae quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2222 sufficiat ad curam regiminis; vel etiam irregularitatis, puta si
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2223 sit bigamus. Quandoque autem propter defectum subditorum, in quibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2224 non potest proficere. Unde Gregorius dicit, in II Dialog., <i>ibi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2225 aequanimiter portandi sunt mali, ubi inveniuntur aliqui qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2226 adiuventur boni. Ubi autem omnimodo fructus de bonis deest, fit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2227 aliquando de malis labor supervacuus. Unde saepe agitur in animo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2228 perfectorum quod, cum laborem suum sine fructu esse considerant, in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2229 loco alio ad laborem cum fructu migrant</i>. Quandoque autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2230 contingit ex parte aliorum, puta cum de praelatione alicuius grave
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2231 scandalum suscitatur. Nam, ut apostolus dicit, I ad Cor. VIII,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2232 <i>si esca scandalizat fratrem meum, non manducabo carnes in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2233 aeternum</i>. Dum tamen scandalum non oriatur ex malitia aliquorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2234 volentium fidem aut iustitiam Ecclesiae conculcare. Propter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2235 huiusmodi enim scandalum non est cura pastoralis dimittenda,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2236 secundum illud Matth. XV, sinite illos, scilicet qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2237 scandalizabantur de veritate doctrinae Christi, caeci sunt duces
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2238 caecorum. Oportet tamen quod, sicut curam regiminis assumit aliquis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2239 per providentiam superioris praelati, ita etiam per eius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2240 auctoritatem, ex causis praedictis, deserat susceptam. Unde extra,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2241 de Renunt., dicit Innocentius III, <i>si pennas habeas quibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2242 satagas in solitudinem avolare, ita tamen adstrictae sunt nexibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2243 praeceptorum ut liberum non habeas, absque nostra permissione,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2244 volatum</i>. Soli enim Papae licet dispensare in voto perpetuo, quo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2245 quis se ad curam subditorum adstrinxit episcopatum suscipiens.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2246 <p title="II-II q. 185 a. 4 ad 1"><a name="46372"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2247 "ref">[46372] IIª-IIae, q. 185 a. 4 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2248 ergo dicendum quod perfectio religiosorum et episcoporum secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2249 diversa attenditur. Nam ad perfectionem religionis pertinet studium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2250 quod quis adhibet ad propriam salutem. Ad perfectionem autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2251 episcopalis status pertinet adhibere studium ad proximorum salutem.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2252 Et ideo, quandiu potest esse aliquis utilis proximorum saluti,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2253 retrocederet si ad statum religionis vellet transire, ut solum suae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2254 saluti insisteret, qui se obligavit ad hoc quod non solum suam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2255 salutem, sed etiam aliorum procuraret. Unde Innocentius III dicit,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2256 in decretali praedicta, quod <i>facilius indulgetur ut monachus ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2257 praesulatum ascendat, quam praesul ad monachatum descendat, sed si
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2258 salutem aliorum procurare non possit, conveniens est ut suae saluti
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2259 intendat</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2260 <p title="II-II q. 185 a. 4 ad 2"><a name="46373"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2261 "ref">[46373] IIª-IIae, q. 185 a. 4 ad 2</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2262 secundum dicendum quod propter nullum impedimentum debet homo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2263 praetermittere studium suae salutis, quod pertinet ad religionis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2264 statum. Potest autem esse aliquod impedimentum procurandae salutis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2265 alienae. Et ideo monachus potest ad statum episcopatus assumi, in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2266 quo etiam suae salutis curam agere potest. Potest etiam episcopus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2267 si impedimentum alienae salutis procurandae interveniat, ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2268 religionem transire. Et impedimento cessante, potest iterato ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2269 episcopatum assumi, puta per correctionem subditorum, vel per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2270 sedationem scandali, vel per curationem infirmitatis, aut depulsa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2271 ignorantia per instructionem sufficientem. Vel etiam, si simoniace
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2272 sit promotus eo ignorante, si se ad regularem vitam, episcopatu
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2273 dimisso, transtulerit, poterit iterato ad alium episcopatum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2274 promoveri. Si vero aliquis propter culpam sit ab episcopatu
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2275 depositus, et in monasterium detrusus ad poenitentiam peragendam,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2276 non potest iterato ad episcopatum revocari. Unde dicitur VII, qu.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2277 I, <i>praecipit sancta synodus ut quicumque de pontificali
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2278 dignitate ad monachorum vitam et poenitentiae descenderit locum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2279 nequaquam ad pontificatum resurgat</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2280 <p title="II-II q. 185 a. 4 ad 3"><a name="46374"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2281 "ref">[46374] IIª-IIae, q. 185 a. 4 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2282 dicendum quod etiam in rebus naturalibus, propter impedimentum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2283 superveniens potentia remanet absque actu, sicut propter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2284 infirmitatem oculi cessat actus visionis. Et ita etiam non est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2285 inconveniens si, propter exterius impedimentum superveniens,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2286 potestas episcopalis remaneat absque actu.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2287 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2288 <div class="E">Articulus 5</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2289 <p title="II-II q. 185 a. 5 arg. 1"><a name="46375"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2290 "ref">[46375] IIª-IIae, q. 185 a. 5 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2291 quintum sic proceditur. Videtur quod non liceat episcopo, propter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2292 aliquam persecutionem, corporaliter deserere gregem sibi commissum.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2293 Dicit enim dominus, Ioan. X, quod <i>ille est mercenarius, et non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2294 vere pastor, qui videt lupum venientem, et dimittit oves et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2295 fugit</i>. Dicit autem Gregorius, in homilia, quod <i>lupus super
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2296 oves venit, cum quilibet iniustus et raptor fideles quosque atque
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2297 humiles opprimit</i>. Si ergo propter persecutionem alicuius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2298 tyranni, episcopus gregem sibi commissum corporaliter deserat,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2299 videtur quod sit mercenarius, et non pastor.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2300 <p title="II-II q. 185 a. 5 arg. 2"><a name="46376"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2301 "ref">[46376] IIª-IIae, q. 185 a. 5 arg. 2</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2302 Praeterea, Prov. VI dicitur, <i>fili, si sponderis pro amico tuo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2303 defixisti apud extraneum manum tuam</i>, et postea subdit,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2304 <i>discurre, festina, suscita amicum tuum</i>. Quod exponens
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2305 Gregorius, in Pastoral., dicit, <i>spondere pro amico est animam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2306 alienam in periculo suae conversationis accipere. Quisquis autem ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2307 vivendum aliis in exemplum praeponitur, non solum ut ipse vigilet,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2308 sed etiam ut amicum suscitet, admonetur</i>. Sed hoc non potest
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2309 facere si corporaliter deserat gregem. Ergo videtur quod episcopus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2310 non debeat, causa persecutionis, corporaliter suum gregem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2311 deserere.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2312 <p title="II-II q. 185 a. 5 arg. 3"><a name="46377"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2313 "ref">[46377] IIª-IIae, q. 185 a. 5 arg. 3</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2314 Praeterea, ad perfectionem episcopalis status pertinet quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2315 proximis curam impendat. Sed non licet ei qui est statum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2316 perfectionis professus, ut omnino deserat ea quae sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2317 perfectionis. Ergo videtur quod non licet episcopo se corporaliter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2318 subtrahere ab executione sui officii, nisi forte ut operibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2319 perfectionis in monasterio vacet.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2320 <p title="II-II q. 185 a. 5 s. c."><a name="46378"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2321 "ref">[46378] IIª-IIae, q. 185 a. 5 s. c.</span></a> Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2322 contra est quod dominus apostolis, quorum successores sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2323 episcopi, mandavit, Matth. X, <i>si vos persecuti fuerint in una
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2324 civitate, fugite in aliam</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2325 <p title="II-II q. 185 a. 5 co."><a name="46379"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2326 "ref">[46379] IIª-IIae, q. 185 a. 5 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2327 dicendum quod in qualibet obligatione praecipue attendi debet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2328 obligationis finis. Obligant autem se episcopi ad exequendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2329 pastorale officium propter subditorum salutem. Et ideo, ubi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2330 subditorum salus exigit personae pastoris praesentiam, non debet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2331 pastor personaliter suum gregem deserere, neque propter aliquod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2332 commodum temporale, neque etiam propter aliquod personale periculum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2333 imminens, cum bonus pastor animam suam ponere teneatur pro ovibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2334 suis. Si vero subditorum saluti possit sufficienter in absentia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2335 pastoris per alium provideri, tunc licet pastori, vel propter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2336 aliquod Ecclesiae commodum, vel propter personae periculum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2337 corporaliter gregem deserere. Unde Augustinus dicit, in epistola ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2338 Honoratum, <i>fugiant de civitate in civitatem servi Christi,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2339 quando eorum quisque specialiter a persecutoribus quaeritur, ut ab
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2340 aliis, qui non ita quaeruntur, non deseratur Ecclesia. Cum autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2341 omnium est commune periculum, hi qui aliis indigent, non deserantur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2342 ab his quibus indigent. Si enim perniciosum est nautam in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2343 tranquillitate navem deserere, quanto magis in fluctibus</i>, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2344 dicit Nicolaus Papa, et habetur VII, qu. I.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2345 <p title="II-II q. 185 a. 5 ad 1"><a name="46380"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2346 "ref">[46380] IIª-IIae, q. 185 a. 5 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2347 ergo dicendum quod ille tanquam mercenarius fugit qui commodum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2348 temporale, vel etiam salutem corporalem, spirituali saluti
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2349 proximorum praeponit. Unde Gregorius dicit, in homilia, <i>stare in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2350 periculo ovium non potest qui in eo quod ovibus praeest, non oves
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2351 diligit, sed lucrum terrenum quaerit, et ideo opponere se contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2352 periculum trepidat, ne hoc quod diligit amittat</i>. Ille autem qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2353 ad evitandum periculum recedit absque detrimento gregis, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2354 tanquam mercenarius fugit.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2355 <p title="II-II q. 185 a. 5 ad 2"><a name="46381"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2356 "ref">[46381] IIª-IIae, q. 185 a. 5 ad 2</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2357 secundum dicendum quod ille qui spondet pro aliquo, si per se
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2358 implere non possit, sufficit ut per alium impleat. Unde praelatus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2359 si habet impedimentum propter quod non possit personaliter curae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2360 subditorum intendere, suae sponsioni satisfacit si per alium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2361 provideat.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2362 <p title="II-II q. 185 a. 5 ad 3"><a name="46382"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2363 "ref">[46382] IIª-IIae, q. 185 a. 5 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2364 dicendum quod ille qui ad episcopatum assumitur, assumit statum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2365 perfectionis secundum aliquod perfectionis genus, a quo si
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2366 impediatur, ad aliud genus perfectionis non tenetur, ut scilicet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2367 necesse sit eum ad statum religionis transire. Imminet tamen sibi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2368 necessitas ut animum retineat intendendi proximorum saluti si
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2369 opportunitas adsit et necessitas requirat.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2370 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2371 <div class="E">Articulus 6</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2372 <p title="II-II q. 185 a. 6 arg. 1"><a name="46383"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2373 "ref">[46383] IIª-IIae, q. 185 a. 6 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2374 sextum sic proceditur. Videtur quod episcopo non liceat aliquid
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2375 proprium possidere. Dominus enim dicit, Matth. XIX, <i>si vis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2376 perfectus esse, vade et vende omnia quae habes et da pauperibus, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2377 veni, sequere me</i>, ex quo videtur quod voluntaria paupertas ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2378 perfectionem requiratur. Sed episcopi assumuntur ad statum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2379 perfectionis. Ergo videtur quod non liceat eis proprium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2380 possidere.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2381 <p title="II-II q. 185 a. 6 arg. 2"><a name="46384"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2382 "ref">[46384] IIª-IIae, q. 185 a. 6 arg. 2</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2383 Praeterea, episcopi in Ecclesia tenent locum apostolorum, ut dicit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2384 Glossa, Luc. X. Sed apostolis dominus praecepit ut nihil proprium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2385 possiderent, secundum illud Matth. X, <i>nolite possidere aurum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2386 neque argentum, neque pecuniam in zonis vestris</i>. Unde et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2387 Petrus, pro se et pro aliis apostolis, dicit, <i>ecce, nos
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2388 reliquimus omnia et secuti sumus te</i>, Matth. XIX. Ergo videtur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2389 quod episcopi teneantur ad huius mandati observantiam, ut nihil
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2390 proprium possideant.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2391 <p title="II-II q. 185 a. 6 arg. 3"><a name="46385"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2392 "ref">[46385] IIª-IIae, q. 185 a. 6 arg. 3</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2393 Praeterea, Hieronymus dicit, ad Nepotianum, <i>cleros Graece,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2394 Latine sors appellatur. Propterea clerici dicuntur, quia de sorte
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2395 domini sunt, vel quia ipse dominus sors, idest pars, clericorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2396 est. Qui autem dominum possidet, nihil extra Deum habere potest. Si
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2397 autem aurum, si argentum, si possessiones, si variam supellectilem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2398 habet, cum istis partibus non dignatur dominus fieri pars eius</i>.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2399 Ergo videtur quod non solum episcopi, sed etiam clerici debeant
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2400 proprio carere.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2401 <p title="II-II q. 185 a. 6 s. c."><a name="46386"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2402 "ref">[46386] IIª-IIae, q. 185 a. 6 s. c.</span></a> Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2403 contra est quod dicitur XII, qu. I, <i>episcopus de rebus propriis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2404 vel acquisitis, vel quidquid de proprio habet, heredibus suis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2405 derelinquat</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2406 <p title="II-II q. 185 a. 6 co."><a name="46387"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2407 "ref">[46387] IIª-IIae, q. 185 a. 6 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2408 dicendum quod ad ea quae sunt supererogationis nullus tenetur, nisi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2409 se specialiter ad illud voto adstringat. Unde Augustinus dicit, in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2410 epistola ad Paulinam et Armentarium, <i>quia iam vovisti, iam te
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2411 obstrinxisti, aliud tibi facere non licet. Priusquam esses voti
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2412 reus, liberum fuit quod esses inferior</i>. Manifestum est autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2413 quod vivere absque proprio supererogationis est, non enim cadit sub
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2414 praecepto, sed sub consilio. Unde cum, Matth. XIX, dixisset dominus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2415 adolescenti, <i>si vis ad vitam ingredi, serva mandata</i>, postea
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2416 superaddendo subdidit, <i>si vis perfectus esse, vade et vende
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2417 omnia quae habes et da pauperibus</i>. Non autem episcopi in sua
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2418 ordinatione ad hoc se obligant ut absque proprio vivant, nec etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2419 vivere absque proprio ex necessitate requiritur ad pastorale
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2420 officium, ad quod se obligant. Et ideo non tenentur episcopi ad hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2421 quod sine proprio vivant.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2422 <p title="II-II q. 185 a. 6 ad 1"><a name="46388"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2423 "ref">[46388] IIª-IIae, q. 185 a. 6 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2424 ergo dicendum quod, sicut supra habitum est, perfectio Christianae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2425 vitae non consistit essentialiter in voluntaria paupertate, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2426 voluntaria paupertas instrumentaliter operatur ad perfectionem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2427 vitae. Unde non oportet quod ubi est maior paupertas, ibi sit maior
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2428 perfectio. Quinimmo potest esse summa perfectio cum magna
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2429 opulentia, nam Abraham, cui dictum est, Gen. XVII, ambula coram me
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2430 et esto perfectus, legitur dives fuisse.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2431 <p title="II-II q. 185 a. 6 ad 2"><a name="46389"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2432 "ref">[46389] IIª-IIae, q. 185 a. 6 ad 2</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2433 secundum dicendum quod verba illa domini tripliciter possunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2434 intelligi. Uno modo, mystice, ut non possideamus aurum neque
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2435 argentum, idest, ut praedicatores non innitantur principaliter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2436 sapientiae et eloquentiae temporali; ut Hieronymus exponit. Alio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2437 modo, sicut Augustinus exponit, in libro de consensu Evangelist.,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2438 ut intelligatur hoc dominum non praecipiendo, sed magis permittendo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2439 dixisse. Permisit enim eis ut absque auro et argento et aliis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2440 sumptibus ad praedicandum irent, accepturi sumptus vitae ab his
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2441 quibus praedicabant. Unde subdit, dignus est enim operarius cibo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2442 suo. Ita tamen quod, si aliquis propriis sumptibus uteretur in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2443 praedicatione Evangelii, ad supererogationem pertineret, sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2444 Paulus de seipso dicit, I ad Cor. IX. Tertio modo, secundum quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2445 Chrysostomus exponit, ut intelligatur illa dominum discipulis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2446 praecepisse quantum ad illam missionem qua mittebantur ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2447 praedicandum Iudaeis, ut per hoc exercerentur ad confidendum de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2448 virtute ipsius, qui eis absque sumptibus provideret. Ex quo tamen
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2449 non obligabantur ipsi, vel successores eorum, ut absque propriis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2450 sumptibus Evangelium praedicarent. Nam et de Paulo legitur, II ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2451 Cor. XI, quod ab aliis Ecclesiis stipendium accipiebat ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2452 praedicandum Corinthiis, et sic patet quod aliquid possidebat ab
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2453 aliis sibi missum. Stultum autem videtur dicere quod tot sancti
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2454 pontifices, sicut Athanasius, Ambrosius, Augustinus, illa praecepta
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2455 transgressi fuissent, si ad ea observanda se crederent
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2456 obligari.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2457 <p title="II-II q. 185 a. 6 ad 3"><a name="46390"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2458 "ref">[46390] IIª-IIae, q. 185 a. 6 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2459 dicendum quod omnis pars est minor toto. Ille ergo cum Deo alias
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2460 partes habet, cuius studium diminuitur circa ea quae sunt Dei, dum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2461 intendit his quae sunt mundi. Sic autem non debent nec episcopi nec
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2462 clerici proprium possidere, ut, dum curant propria, defectum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2463 faciant in his quae pertinent ad cultum divinum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2464 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2465 <div class="E">Articulus 7</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2466 <p title="II-II q. 185 a. 7 arg. 1"><a name="46391"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2467 "ref">[46391] IIª-IIae, q. 185 a. 7 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2468 septimum sic proceditur. Videtur quod episcopi mortaliter peccent
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2469 si bona ecclesiastica quae procurant, pauperibus non largiantur.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2470 Dicit enim Ambrosius, exponens illud Luc. XII, <i>hominis cuiusdam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2471 divitis uberes fructus ager attulit, nemo proprium dicat quod est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2472 commune, plus quam sufficiat sumptui, violenter obtentum est</i>.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2473 Et postea subdit, <i>neque minus est criminis habenti tollere quam,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2474 cum possis et abundas, denegare indigentibus</i>. Sed violenter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2475 tollere alienum est peccatum mortale. Ergo episcopi mortaliter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2476 peccant si ea quae eis supersunt, pauperibus non largiantur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2477 <p title="II-II q. 185 a. 7 arg. 2"><a name="46392"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2478 "ref">[46392] IIª-IIae, q. 185 a. 7 arg. 2</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2479 Praeterea, Isaiae III, super illud, rapina pauperum in domo vestra,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2480 dicit Glossa Hieronymi quod bona ecclesiastica sunt pauperum. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2481 quicumque id quod est alterius sibi reservat aut aliis dat, peccat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2482 mortaliter et tenetur ad restitutionem. Ergo, si episcopi bona
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2483 ecclesiastica quae eis superfluunt, sibi retineant vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2484 consanguineis vel amicis largiantur, videtur quod teneantur ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2485 restitutionem.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2486 <p title="II-II q. 185 a. 7 arg. 3"><a name="46393"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2487 "ref">[46393] IIª-IIae, q. 185 a. 7 arg. 3</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2488 Praeterea, multo magis aliquis potest de rebus Ecclesiae ea quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2489 sunt sibi necessaria accipere, quam superflua congregare. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2490 Hieronymus dicit, in epistola ad Damasum Papam, <i>clericos illos
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2491 convenit Ecclesiae stipendiis sustentari quibus parentum et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2492 propinquorum nulli suffragantur, qui autem bonis parentum et opibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2493 sustentari possunt, si quod pauperum est accipiunt, sacrilegium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2494 incurrunt</i>. Unde et apostolus dicit, I ad Tim. V, <i>si quis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2495 fidelis habet viduas, subministret illis, et non gravetur Ecclesia,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2496 ut his quae vere viduae sunt sufficiat</i>. Ergo multo magis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2497 episcopi mortaliter peccant si ea quae eis superfluunt de bonis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2498 ecclesiasticis, pauperibus non largiantur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2499 <p title="II-II q. 185 a. 7 s. c."><a name="46394"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2500 "ref">[46394] IIª-IIae, q. 185 a. 7 s. c.</span></a> Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2501 contra est quod plures episcopi ea quae supersunt non largiuntur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2502 pauperibus, sed expendere videntur laudabiliter ad reditus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2503 Ecclesiae ampliandos.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2504 <p title="II-II q. 185 a. 7 co."><a name="46395"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2505 "ref">[46395] IIª-IIae, q. 185 a. 7 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2506 dicendum quod aliter est dicendum de propriis bonis, quae episcopi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2507 possidere possunt, et de bonis ecclesiasticis. Nam propriorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2508 bonorum verum dominium habent. Unde ex ipsa rerum conditione non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2509 obligantur ut eas aliis conferant, sed possunt vel sibi retinere,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2510 vel aliis pro libitu elargiri. Possunt tamen in earum dispensatione
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2511 peccare, vel propter inordinationem affectus, per quam contingit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2512 quod vel sibi plura conferant quam oporteat; vel etiam aliis non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2513 subveniant secundum quod requirit debitum caritatis. Non tamen
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2514 tenetur ad restitutionem, quia huiusmodi res sunt eius dominio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2515 deputatae. Sed ecclesiasticorum bonorum sunt dispensatores vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2516 procuratores, dicit enim Augustinus, ad Bonifacium, <i>si privatum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2517 possidemus quod nobis sufficiat, non illa nostra sunt, sed illorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2518 quorum procurationem gerimus, non proprietatem nobis usurpatione
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2519 damnabili vindicemus</i>. Ad dispensatorem autem requiritur bona
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2520 fides, secundum illud I ad Cor. IV, <i>hic iam quaeritur inter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2521 dispensatores ut fidelis quis inveniatur</i>. Sunt autem bona
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2522 ecclesiastica non solum in usus pauperum, sed etiam ad cultum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2523 divinum et necessitates ministrorum expendenda. Unde dicitur XII,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2524 qu. II, <i>de reditibus Ecclesiae vel oblatione fidelium, sola
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2525 episcopo ex his una portio emittatur; duae ecclesiasticis fabricis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2526 et erogationi pauperum profuturae a presbytero, sub periculo sui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2527 ordinis, ministrentur; ultima clericis, pro singulorum meritis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2528 dividatur</i>. Si ergo distincta sint bona quae debent in usum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2529 episcopi cedere, ab his quae sunt pauperibus et ministris et cultui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2530 Ecclesiae eroganda; et aliquid sibi retinuerit episcopus de his
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2531 quae sunt pauperibus eroganda, vel in usum ministrorum aut in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2532 cultum divinum expendenda, non est dubium quod contra fidem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2533 dispensationis agit, et mortaliter peccat, et ad restitutionem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2534 tenetur. De his autem quae sunt specialiter suo usui deputata,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2535 videtur esse eadem ratio quae est de propriis bonis, ut scilicet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2536 propter immoderatum affectum et usum peccet quidem, si immoderata
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2537 sibi retineat, et aliis non subveniat sicut requirit debitum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2538 caritatis. Si vero non sint praedicta bona distincta, eorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2539 distributio fidei eius committitur. Et si quidem in modico deficiat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2540 vel superabundet, potest hoc fieri absque bonae fidei detrimento,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2541 quia non potest homo in talibus punctaliter accipere illud quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2542 fieri oportet. Si vero sit multus excessus, non potest latere, unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2543 videtur bonae fidei repugnare. Et ideo non est absque peccato
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2544 mortali, dicitur enim Matth. XXIV, quod, si dixerit malus servus in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2545 corde suo, moram facit dominus meus venire, quod pertinet ad divini
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2546 iudicii contemptum; et coeperit percutere conservos suos, quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2547 pertinet ad superbiam; manducet autem et bibat cum ebriosis, quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2548 pertinet ad luxuriam, veniet dominus servi illius in die qua non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2549 sperat, et dividet eum, scilicet a societate bonorum, et partem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2550 eius ponet cum hypocritis, scilicet in Inferno.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2551 <p title="II-II q. 185 a. 7 ad 1"><a name="46396"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2552 "ref">[46396] IIª-IIae, q. 185 a. 7 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2553 ergo dicendum quod verbum illud Ambrosii non solum est referendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2554 ad dispensationem ecclesiasticarum rerum, sed quorumcumque bonorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2555 ex quibus tenetur aliquis, debito caritatis, providere necessitatem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2556 patientibus. Non tamen potest determinari quando sit ista
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2557 necessitas quae ad peccatum mortale obliget, sicut nec cetera
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2558 particularia quae in humanis actibus considerantur. Horum enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2559 determinatio relinquitur humanae prudentiae.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2560 <p title="II-II q. 185 a. 7 ad 2"><a name="46397"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2561 "ref">[46397] IIª-IIae, q. 185 a. 7 ad 2</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2562 secundum dicendum quod bona Ecclesiarum non sunt solum expendenda
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2563 in usus pauperum, sed etiam in alios usus, ut dictum est. Et ideo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2564 si de eo quod usui episcopi vel alicuius clerici est deputatum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2565 velit aliquis sibi subtrahere et consanguineis vel aliis dare, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2566 peccat, dummodo id faciat moderate, idest, ut non indigeant, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2567 autem ut ditiores inde fiant. Unde Ambrosius dicit, in libro de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2568 Offic., <i>est approbanda liberalitas, ut proximos seminis tui ne
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2569 despicias, si egere cognoscas, non tamen ut illi ditiores fieri
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2570 velint ex eo quod tu potes conferre inopibus</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2571 <p title="II-II q. 185 a. 7 ad 3"><a name="46398"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2572 "ref">[46398] IIª-IIae, q. 185 a. 7 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2573 dicendum quod non omnia bona Ecclesiarum sunt pauperibus largienda,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2574 nisi forte in articulo necessitatis, in quo etiam, pro redemptione
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2575 captivorum et aliis necessitatibus pauperum, vasa cultui divino
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2576 dicata distrahuntur, ut Ambrosius dicit. Et in tali necessitate
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2577 peccaret clericus si vellet de rebus Ecclesiae vivere, dummodo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2578 haberet patrimonialia bona, de quibus vivere possit.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2579 <p title="II-II q. 185 a. 7 ad 4"><a name="46399"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2580 "ref">[46399] IIª-IIae, q. 185 a. 7 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2581 dicendum quod bona Ecclesiarum usibus pauperum deservire debent. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2582 ideo si quis, necessitate non imminente providendi pauperibus, de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2583 his quae superfluunt ex proventibus Ecclesiae possessiones emat,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2584 vel in thesauro reponat in futurum utilitati Ecclesiae et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2585 necessitatibus pauperum, laudabiliter facit. Si vero necessitas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2586 immineat pauperibus erogandi, superflua cura est et inordinata ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2587 aliquis in futurum conservet, quod dominus prohibet, Matth. VI,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2588 dicens, nolite solliciti esse in crastinum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2589 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2590 <div class="E">Articulus 8</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2591 <p title="II-II q. 185 a. 8 arg. 1"><a name="46400"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2592 "ref">[46400] IIª-IIae, q. 185 a. 8 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2593 octavum sic proceditur. Videtur quod religiosi qui promoventur in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2594 episcopos, non teneantur ad observantias regulares. Dicitur enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2595 XVIII, qu. I, quod <i>monachum canonica electio a iugo regulae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2596 monasticae professionis absolvit, et sacra ordinatio de monacho
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2597 episcopum facit</i>. Sed observantiae regulares pertinent ad iugum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2598 regulae. Ergo religiosi qui in episcopum assumuntur, non tenentur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2599 ad observantias regulares.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2600 <p title="II-II q. 185 a. 8 arg. 2"><a name="46401"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2601 "ref">[46401] IIª-IIae, q. 185 a. 8 arg. 2</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2602 Praeterea, ille qui ab inferiori ad superiorem gradum ascendit, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2603 videtur teneri ad ea quae sunt inferioris gradus, sicut supra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2604 dictum est quod religiosus non tenetur ad observanda vota quae in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2605 saeculo fecit. Sed religiosus qui assumitur ad episcopatum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2606 ascendit ad aliquid maius, ut supra habitum est. Ergo videtur quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2607 non obligetur episcopus ad ea quae tenebatur observare in statu
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2608 religionis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2609 <p title="II-II q. 185 a. 8 arg. 3"><a name="46402"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2610 "ref">[46402] IIª-IIae, q. 185 a. 8 arg. 3</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2611 Praeterea, maxime religiosi obligari videntur ad obedientiam, et ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2612 hoc quod sine proprio vivant. Sed religiosi qui assumuntur ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2613 episcopatum, non tenentur obedire praelatis suarum religionum, quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2614 sunt eis superiores. Nec etiam videntur teneri ad paupertatem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2615 quia, sicut in decreto supra inducto dicitur, <i>quem sacra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2616 ordinatio de monacho episcopum facit, velut legitimus heres,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2617 paternam sibi hereditatem iure vindicandi potestatem habeat</i>.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2618 Interdum etiam conceditur eis testamenta conficere. Ergo multo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2619 minus tenentur ad alias observantias regulares.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2620 <p title="II-II q. 185 a. 8 s. c."><a name="46403"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2621 "ref">[46403] IIª-IIae, q. 185 a. 8 s. c.</span></a> Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2622 contra est quod dicitur in decretis, XVI, qu. I, <i>de monachis qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2623 diu morantes in monasteriis, si postea ad clericatus ordines
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2624 pervenerint, statuimus non debere eos a priori proposito
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2625 discedere</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2626 <p title="II-II q. 185 a. 8 co."><a name="46404"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2627 "ref">[46404] IIª-IIae, q. 185 a. 8 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2628 dicendum quod, sicut supra dictum est, status religionis ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2629 perfectionem pertinet quasi quaedam via in perfectionem tendendi,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2630 status autem episcopalis ad perfectionem pertinet tanquam quoddam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2631 perfectionis magisterium. Unde status religionis comparatur ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2632 statum episcopalem sicut disciplina ad magisterium, et dispositio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2633 ad perfectionem. Dispositio autem non tollitur, perfectione
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2634 adveniente, nisi forte quantum ad id in quo perfectioni repugnat;
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2635 quantum autem ad id quod perfectioni congruit, magis confirmatur.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2636 Sicut discipulo, cum ad magisterium pervenerit, non congruit quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2637 sit auditor, congruit tamen sibi quod legat et meditetur, etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2638 magis quam ante. Sic igitur dicendum est quod, si qua sunt in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2639 regularibus observantiis quae non impediant pontificale officium,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2640 sed magis valeant ad perfectionis custodiam, sicut est continentia,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2641 paupertas et alia huiusmodi, ad haec remanet religiosus, etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2642 factus episcopus, obligatus; et per consequens, ad portandum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2643 habitum suae religionis, qui est huius obligationis signum. Si qua
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2644 vero sunt in observantiis regularibus quae officio pontificali
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2645 repugnent, sicut est solitudo, silentium, et aliquae abstinentiae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2646 vel vigiliae graves, ex quibus impotens corpore redderetur ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2647 exequendum pontificale officium, ad huiusmodi observanda non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2648 tenetur. In aliis tamen potest dispensatione uti, secundum quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2649 requirit necessitas personae vel officii, vel conditio hominum cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2650 quibus vivit, per modum quo etiam praelati religionum in talibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2651 secum dispensant.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2652 <p title="II-II q. 185 a. 8 ad 1"><a name="46405"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2653 "ref">[46405] IIª-IIae, q. 185 a. 8 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2654 ergo dicendum quod ille qui fit de monacho episcopus, absolvitur a
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2655 iugo monasticae professionis, non quantum ad omnia, sed quantum ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2656 illa quae officio pontificali repugnant, ut dictum est.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2657 <p title="II-II q. 185 a. 8 ad 2"><a name="46406"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2658 "ref">[46406] IIª-IIae, q. 185 a. 8 ad 2</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2659 secundum dicendum quod vota saecularis vitae se habent ad vota
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2660 religionis sicut particulare ad universale, ut supra habitum est.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2661 Sed vota religionis se habent ad pontificalem dignitatem sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2662 dispositio ad perfectionem. Particulare autem superfluit, habito
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2663 universali, sed dispositio adhuc necessaria est, perfectione
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2664 obtenta.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2665 <p title="II-II q. 185 a. 8 ad 3"><a name="46407"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2666 "ref">[46407] IIª-IIae, q. 185 a. 8 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2667 dicendum quod hoc est per accidens quod episcopi religiosi obedire
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2668 praelatis suarum religionum non tenentur, quia sibi subditi esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2669 desierunt, sicut et ipsi praelati religionum. Manet tamen adhuc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2670 obligatio voti virtualiter, ita scilicet quod, si eis legitime
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2671 aliquis praeficeretur, obedire tenerentur, inquantum tenentur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2672 obedire statutis regulae per modum praedictum, et suis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2673 superioribus, si quos habent. Proprium autem nullo modo habere
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2674 possunt. Non enim hereditatem paternam vindicant quasi propriam,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2675 sed quasi Ecclesiae debitam. Unde ibidem subditur quod, <i>postquam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2676 episcopus ordinatur, ad altare ad quod sanctificatur, quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2677 acquirere potuit restituat</i>. Testamentum autem nullo modo facere
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2678 potest, quia sola dispensatio ei committitur rerum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2679 ecclesiasticarum, quae morte finitur, ex qua incipit testamentum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2680 valere, ut apostolus dicit, ad Heb. IX. Si tamen ex concessione
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2681 Papae testamentum faciat, non intelligitur ex proprio facere
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2682 testamentum, sed apostolica auctoritate intelligitur esse ampliata
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2683 potestas suae dispensationis, ut eius dispensatio possit valere
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2684 post mortem.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2685 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2686 <div class="D">Quaestio 186</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2687 <div class="G">Prooemium</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2688 <p title="II-II q. 186 pr."><a name="46408"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2689 "ref">[46408] IIª-IIae, q. 186 pr.</span></a> Deinde
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2690 considerandum est de his quae pertinent ad statum religionis. Circa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2691 quod occurrit quadruplex consideratio, quarum prima est de his in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2692 quibus principaliter consistit religionis status; secunda, de his
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2693 quae religiosis licite convenire possunt; tertia, de distinctione
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2694 religionum; quarta, de religionis ingressu. Circa primum quaeruntur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2695 decem. Primo, utrum religiosorum status sit perfectus. Secundo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2696 utrum religiosi teneantur ad omnia consilia. Tertio, utrum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2697 voluntaria paupertas requiratur ad religionem. Quarto, utrum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2698 requiratur continentia. Quinto, utrum requiratur obedientia. Sexto,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2699 utrum requiratur quod haec cadant sub voto. Septimo, de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2700 sufficientia horum votorum. Octavo, de comparatione eorum ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2701 invicem. Nono, utrum religiosus semper mortaliter peccet quando
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2702 transgreditur statutum suae regulae. Decimo, utrum, ceteris
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2703 paribus, in eodem genere peccati plus peccet religiosus quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2704 saecularis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2705 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2706 <div class="E">Articulus 1</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2707 <p title="II-II q. 186 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="46409"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2708 "ref">[46409] IIª-IIae, q. 186 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2709 primum sic proceditur. Videtur quod religio non importet statum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2710 perfectionis. Illud enim quod est de necessitate salutis, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2711 videtur ad statum perfectionis pertinere. Sed religio est de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2712 necessitate salutis, quia per eam uni vero Deo religamur, sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2713 Augustinus dicit in libro de vera Relig.; vel religio dicitur ex eo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2714 quod Deum reeligimus, quem amiseramus negligentes, ut Augustinus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2715 dicit in X de Civ. Dei. Ergo videtur quod religio non nominet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2716 perfectionis statum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2717 <p title="II-II q. 186 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="46410"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2718 "ref">[46410] IIª-IIae, q. 186 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2719 Praeterea, religio, secundum Tullium, est quae <i>naturae divinae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2720 cultum et caeremoniam affert</i>. Sed afferre Deo cultum et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2721 caeremoniam magis videtur pertinere ad ministeria sacrorum ordinum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2722 quam ad diversitatem statuum, ut ex supra dictis patet. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2723 videtur quod religio non nominet perfectionis statum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2724 <p title="II-II q. 186 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="46411"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2725 "ref">[46411] IIª-IIae, q. 186 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2726 Praeterea, status perfectionis distinguitur contra statum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2727 incipientium et proficientium. Sed etiam in religione sunt aliqui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2728 incipientes et aliqui proficientes. Ergo religio non nominat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2729 perfectionis statum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2730 <p title="II-II q. 186 a. 1 arg. 4"><a name="46412"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2731 "ref">[46412] IIª-IIae, q. 186 a. 1 arg. 4</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2732 Praeterea, religio videtur esse poenitentiae locus, dicitur enim in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2733 decretis, VII, qu. I, <i>praecipit sancta synodus ut quicumque de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2734 pontificali dignitate ad monachorum vitam et poenitentiae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2735 descenderit locum, nunquam ad pontificatum resurgat</i>. Sed locus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2736 poenitentiae opponitur statui perfectionis, unde Dionysius, VI cap.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2737 Eccles. Hier., ponit poenitentes in infimo loco, scilicet inter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2738 purgandos. Ergo videtur quod religio non sit status
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2739 perfectionis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2740 <p title="II-II q. 186 a. 1 s. c."><a name="46413"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2741 "ref">[46413] IIª-IIae, q. 186 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2742 contra est quod in collationibus patrum, dicit abbas Moyses, de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2743 religiosis loquens, <i>ieiuniorum inediam, vigilias, labores,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2744 corporis nuditatem, lectionem, ceterasque virtutes debere nos
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2745 suscipere noverimus, ut ad perfectionem caritatis istis gradibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2746 possimus conscendere</i>. Sed ea quae ad humanos actus pertinent,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2747 ab intentione finis speciem et nomen recipiunt. Ergo religiosi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2748 pertinent ad statum perfectionis. Dionysius etiam, VI cap. Eccles.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2749 Hier., dicit <i>eos qui nominantur Dei famuli, ex Dei puro servitio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2750 et famulatu uniri ad amabilem perfectionem</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2751 <p title="II-II q. 186 a. 1 co."><a name="46414"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2752 "ref">[46414] IIª-IIae, q. 186 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2753 dicendum quod, sicut ex supra dictis patet, id quod communiter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2754 multis convenit, antonomastice attribuitur ei cui per excellentiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2755 convenit, sicut nomen fortitudinis vindicat sibi illa virtus quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2756 circa difficillima firmitatem animi servat, et temperantiae nomen
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2757 vindicat sibi illa virtus quae temperat maximas delectationes.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2758 Religio autem, ut supra habitum est, est quaedam virtus per quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2759 aliquis ad Dei servitium et cultum aliquid exhibet. Et ideo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2760 antonomastice religiosi dicuntur illi qui se totaliter mancipant
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2761 divino servitio, quasi holocaustum Deo offerentes. Unde Gregorius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2762 dicit, super Ezech., <i>sunt quidam qui nihil sibimetipsis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2763 reservant, sed sensum, linguam, vitam atque substantiam quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2764 perceperunt, omnipotenti Deo immolant</i>. In hoc autem perfectio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2765 hominis consistit quod totaliter Deo inhaereat, sicut ex supra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2766 dictis patet. Et secundum hoc, religio perfectionis statum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2767 nominat.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2768 <p title="II-II q. 186 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="46415"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2769 "ref">[46415] IIª-IIae, q. 186 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2770 ergo dicendum quod exhibere aliqua ad cultum Dei est de necessitate
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2771 salutis, sed quod aliquis totaliter se et sua divino cultui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2772 deputet, ad perfectionem pertinet.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2773 <p title="II-II q. 186 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="46416"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2774 "ref">[46416] IIª-IIae, q. 186 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2775 secundum dicendum quod, sicut supra dictum est, cum de virtute
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2776 religionis ageretur, ad religionem pertinent non solum oblationes
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2777 sacrificiorum, et alia huiusmodi quae sunt religioni propria, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2778 etiam actus omnium virtutum, secundum quod referuntur ad Dei
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2779 servitium et honorem, efficiuntur actus religionis. Et secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2780 hoc, si aliquis totam vitam suam divino servitio deputet, tota vita
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2781 sua ad religionem pertinebit. Et secundum hoc, ex vita religiosa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2782 quam ducunt, religiosi dicuntur qui sunt in statu perfectionis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2783 <p title="II-II q. 186 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="46417"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2784 "ref">[46417] IIª-IIae, q. 186 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2785 dicendum quod, sicut dictum est, religio nominat statum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2786 perfectionis ex intentione finis. Unde non oportet quod quicumque
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2787 est in religione, iam sit perfectus, sed quod ad perfectionem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2788 tendat. Unde super illud Matth. XIX, si vis perfectus esse etc.,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2789 dicit Origenes quod <i>ille qui mutavit pro divitiis paupertatem ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2790 fiat perfectus, non in ipso tempore quo tradiderit bona sua
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2791 pauperibus, fiet omnino perfectus, sed ex illa die incipiet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2792 speculatio Dei adducere eum ad omnes virtutes</i>. Et hoc modo in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2793 religione non omnes sunt perfecti, sed quidam incipientes, quidam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2794 proficientes.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2795 <p title="II-II q. 186 a. 1 ad 4"><a name="46418"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2796 "ref">[46418] IIª-IIae, q. 186 a. 1 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2797 dicendum quod religionis status principaliter est institutus ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2798 perfectionem adipiscendam per quaedam exercitia quibus tolluntur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2799 impedimenta perfectae caritatis. Sublatis autem impedimentis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2800 perfectae caritatis, multo magis exciduntur occasiones peccati, per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2801 quod totaliter tollitur caritas. Unde, cum ad poenitentem pertineat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2802 causas peccatorum excidere, ex consequenti status religionis est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2803 convenientissimus poenitentiae locus. Unde in decretis, XXXIII, qu.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2804 II, cap. admonere, consulitur cuidam qui uxorem occiderat, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2805 potius monasterium ingrediatur, quod dicit esse melius et levius,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2806 quam poenitentiam publicam agat remanendo in saeculo.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2807 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2808 <div class="E">Articulus 2</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2809 <p title="II-II q. 186 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="46419"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2810 "ref">[46419] IIª-IIae, q. 186 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2811 secundum sic proceditur. Videtur quod quilibet religiosus teneatur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2812 ad omnia consilia. Quicumque enim profitetur statum aliquem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2813 tenetur ad ea quae illi statui conveniunt. Sed quilibet religiosus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2814 profitetur statum perfectionis. Ergo quilibet religiosus tenetur ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2815 omnia consilia, quae ad perfectionis statum pertinent.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2816 <p title="II-II q. 186 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="46420"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2817 "ref">[46420] IIª-IIae, q. 186 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2818 Praeterea, Gregorius dicit, super Ezech., quod <i>ille qui praesens
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2819 saeculum deserit et agit bona quae valet, quasi iam Aegypto
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2820 derelicto, sacrificium praebet in eremo</i>. Sed deserere saeculum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2821 specialiter pertinet ad religiosos. Ergo etiam eorum est agere
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2822 omnia bona quae valent. Et ita videtur quod quilibet eorum teneatur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2823 ad omnia consilia implenda.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2824 <p title="II-II q. 186 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="46421"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2825 "ref">[46421] IIª-IIae, q. 186 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2826 Praeterea, si non requiritur ad statum perfectionis quod aliquis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2827 omnia consilia impleat, sufficiens esse videtur si quaedam consilia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2828 impleat. Sed hoc falsum est, quia multi in saeculari vita
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2829 existentes aliqua consilia implent, ut patet de his qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2830 continentiam servant. Ergo videtur quod quilibet religiosus, qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2831 est in statu perfectionis, teneatur ad omnia quae sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2832 perfectionis. Huiusmodi autem sunt omnia consilia.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2833 <p title="II-II q. 186 a. 2 s. c."><a name="46422"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2834 "ref">[46422] IIª-IIae, q. 186 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2835 contra, ad ea quae sunt supererogationis non tenetur aliquis nisi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2836 ex propria obligatione. Sed quilibet religiosus obligat se ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2837 aliqua determinata, quidam ad haec, quidam ad illa. Non ergo omnes
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2838 tenentur ad omnia.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2839 <p title="II-II q. 186 a. 2 co."><a name="46423"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2840 "ref">[46423] IIª-IIae, q. 186 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2841 dicendum quod ad perfectionem aliquid pertinet tripliciter. Uno
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2842 modo, essentialiter. Et sic, sicut supra dictum est, ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2843 perfectionem pertinet perfecta observantia praeceptorum caritatis.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2844 Alio modo ad perfectionem pertinet aliquid consequenter sicut illa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2845 quae consequuntur ex perfectione caritatis, puta quod aliquis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2846 maledicenti benedicat et alia huiusmodi impleat, quae, etsi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2847 secundum praeparationem animi sint in praecepto, ut scilicet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2848 impleantur quando necessitas requirit, tamen ex superabundantia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2849 caritatis procedit quod etiam extra necessitatem quandoque talia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2850 impleantur. Tertio modo pertinet aliquid ad perfectionem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2851 instrumentaliter et dispositive, sicut paupertas, continentia,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2852 abstinentia et alia huiusmodi. Dictum est autem quod ipsa perfectio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2853 caritatis est finis status religionis, status autem religionis est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2854 quaedam disciplina vel exercitium ad perfectionem perveniendi. Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2855 quam quidem aliqui pervenire nituntur exercitiis diversis, sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2856 etiam medicus ad sanandum uti potest diversis medicamentis.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2857 Manifestum est autem quod illi qui operatur ad finem, non ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2858 necessitate convenit quod iam assecutus sit finem, sed requiritur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2859 quod per aliquam viam tendat in finem. Et ideo ille qui statum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2860 religionis assumit, non tenetur habere perfectam caritatem, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2861 tenetur ad hoc tendere et operam dare ut habeat caritatem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2862 perfectam. Et eadem ratione, non tenetur ad hoc quod illa impleat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2863 quae perfectionem caritatis consequuntur, tenetur autem ut ad ea
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2864 implenda intendat. Contra quod facit contemnens. Unde non peccat si
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2865 ea praetermittat, sed si ea contemnat. Similiter etiam non tenetur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2866 ad omnia exercitia quibus ad perfectionem pervenitur, sed ad illa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2867 determinate quae sunt ei taxata secundum regulam quam professus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2868 est.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2869 <p title="II-II q. 186 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="46424"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2870 "ref">[46424] IIª-IIae, q. 186 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2871 ergo dicendum quod ille qui transit ad religionem, non profitetur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2872 se esse perfectum, sed profitetur se adhibere studium ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2873 perfectionem consequendam, sicut etiam ille qui intrat scholas, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2874 profitetur se scientem, sed profitetur se studentem ad scientiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2875 acquirendam. Unde sicut Augustinus dicit, VIII de Civ. Dei,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2876 Pythagoras noluit profiteri se sapientem, sed sapientiae amatorem.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2877 Et ideo religiosus non est transgressor professionis si non sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2878 perfectus, sed solum si contemnat ad perfectionem tendere.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2879 <p title="II-II q. 186 a. 2 ad 2"><a name="46425"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2880 "ref">[46425] IIª-IIae, q. 186 a. 2 ad 2</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2881 secundum dicendum quod, sicut diligere Deum ex toto corde tenentur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2882 omnes, est tamen aliqua perfectionis totalitas quae sine peccato
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2883 praetermitti non potest, aliqua autem quae sine peccato
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2884 praetermittitur, dum tamen desit contemptus, ut supra dictum est,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2885 ita etiam omnes, tam religiosi quam saeculares, tenentur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2886 aliqualiter facere quidquid boni possunt, omnibus enim communiter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2887 dicitur, Eccle. IX, <i>quidquid potest manus tua, instanter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2888 operare</i>; est tamen aliquis modus hoc praeceptum implendi quo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2889 peccatum vitatur, si scilicet homo faciat quod potest secundum quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2890 requirit conditio sui status; dummodo contemptus non adsit agendi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2891 meliora, per quem animus obfirmatur contra spiritualem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2892 profectum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2893 <p title="II-II q. 186 a. 2 ad 3"><a name="46426"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2894 "ref">[46426] IIª-IIae, q. 186 a. 2 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2895 dicendum quod quaedam consilia sunt quae si praetermitterentur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2896 tota vita hominis implicaretur negotiis saecularibus, puta si
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2897 aliquis haberet proprium, vel matrimonio uteretur, aut aliquid
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2898 huiusmodi faceret quod pertinet ad essentialia religionis vota. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2899 ideo ad omnia talia consilia observanda religiosi tenentur. Sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2900 autem quaedam consilia de quibusdam particularibus melioribus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2901 actibus, quae praetermitti possunt absque hoc quod vita hominis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2902 saecularibus actibus implicetur. Unde non oportet quod ad omnia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2903 talia religiosi teneantur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2904 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2905 <div class="E">Articulus 3</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2906 <p title="II-II q. 186 a. 3 arg. 1"><a name="46427"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2907 "ref">[46427] IIª-IIae, q. 186 a. 3 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2908 tertium sic proceditur. Videtur quod paupertas non requiratur ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2909 perfectionem religionis. Non enim videtur ad statum perfectionis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2910 pertinere illud quod illicite fit. Sed quod homo omnia sua
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2911 relinquat, videtur esse illicitum, apostolus enim, II ad Cor. VIII,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2912 dat formam fidelibus eleemosynas faciendi, dicens, <i>si voluntas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2913 prompta est, secundum id quod habet, accepta est, idest, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2914 necessaria retineatis</i>; et postea subdit, <i>non ut aliis sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2915 remissio, vobis autem tribulatio</i>, Glossa, idest, paupertas. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2916 super illud I ad Tim. VI, habentes alimenta et quibus tegamur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2917 dicit Glossa, <i>etsi nihil intulerimus vel ablaturi simus, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2918 tamen omnino abiicienda sunt haec temporalia</i>. Ergo videtur quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2919 voluntaria paupertas non requiratur ad perfectionem religionis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2920 <p title="II-II q. 186 a. 3 arg. 2"><a name="46428"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2921 "ref">[46428] IIª-IIae, q. 186 a. 3 arg. 2</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2922 Praeterea, quicumque se exponit periculo, peccat. Sed ille qui,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2923 omnibus suis relictis, voluntariam paupertatem sectatur, exponit se
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2924 periculo, et spirituali, secundum illud Prov. XXX, <i>ne forte,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2925 egestate compulsus, furer et periurem nomen Dei mei</i>, et Eccli.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2926 XXVII, propter inopiam multi perierunt; et etiam corporali, dicitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2927 enim Eccle. VII, <i>sicut protegit sapientia, sic protegit et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2928 pecunia</i>. Et philosophus dicit, in IV Ethic., quod <i>videtur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2929 quaedam perditio ipsius hominis esse corruptio divitiarum, quia per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2930 has homo vivit</i>. Ergo videtur quod voluntaria paupertas non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2931 requiratur ad perfectionem religiosae vitae.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2932 <p title="II-II q. 186 a. 3 arg. 3"><a name="46429"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2933 "ref">[46429] IIª-IIae, q. 186 a. 3 arg. 3</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2934 Praeterea, virtus in medio consistit, ut dicitur in II Ethic. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2935 ille qui omnia dimittit per voluntariam paupertatem, non videtur in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2936 medio consistere, sed magis in extremo. Ergo non agit virtuose. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2937 ita hoc non pertinet ad vitae perfectionem.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2938 <p title="II-II q. 186 a. 3 arg. 4"><a name="46430"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2939 "ref">[46430] IIª-IIae, q. 186 a. 3 arg. 4</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2940 Praeterea, ultima perfectio hominis in beatitudine consistit. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2941 divitiae conferunt ad beatitudinem, dicitur enim Eccli. XXXI,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2942 <i>beatus est dives qui inventus est sine macula</i>. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2943 philosophus dicit, in I Ethic., quod divitiae organice deserviunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2944 ad felicitatem. Ergo voluntaria paupertas non requiritur ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2945 perfectionem religionis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2946 <p title="II-II q. 186 a. 3 arg. 5"><a name="46431"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2947 "ref">[46431] IIª-IIae, q. 186 a. 3 arg. 5</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2948 Praeterea, status episcoporum est perfectior quam status
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2949 religionis. Sed episcopi possunt proprium habere, ut supra habitum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2950 est. Ergo et religiosi.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2951 <p title="II-II q. 186 a. 3 arg. 6"><a name="46432"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2952 "ref">[46432] IIª-IIae, q. 186 a. 3 arg. 6</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2953 Praeterea, dare eleemosynam est opus maxime Deo acceptum, et, sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2954 Chrysostomus dicit, <i>medicamentum quod maxime in poenitentia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2955 operatur</i>. Sed paupertas excludit eleemosynarum largitionem.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2956 Ergo videtur quod paupertas ad perfectionem religionis non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2957 pertineat.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2958 <p title="II-II q. 186 a. 3 s. c."><a name="46433"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2959 "ref">[46433] IIª-IIae, q. 186 a. 3 s. c.</span></a> Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2960 contra est quod Gregorius dicit, VIII Moral., <i>sunt nonnulli
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2961 iustorum qui, ad comprehendendum culmen perfectionis accincti, dum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2962 altiora interius appetunt, exterius cuncta derelinquunt</i>. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2963 accingi ad comprehendendum culmen perfectionis proprie pertinet ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2964 religiosos, ut dictum est. Ergo eis competit ut per voluntariam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2965 paupertatem cuncta exterius derelinquant.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2966 <p title="II-II q. 186 a. 3 co."><a name="46434"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2967 "ref">[46434] IIª-IIae, q. 186 a. 3 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2968 dicendum quod, sicut supra dictum est, status religionis est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2969 quoddam exercitium et disciplina per quam pervenitur ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2970 perfectionem caritatis. Ad quod quidem necessarium est quod aliquis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2971 affectum suum totaliter abstrahat a rebus mundanis, dicit enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2972 Augustinus, in X Confess., ad Deum loquens, <i>minus te amat qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2973 tecum aliquid amat quod non propter te amat</i>. Unde et in libro
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2974 octogintatrium quaest., dicit Augustinus quod <i>nutrimentum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2975 caritatis est imminutio cupiditatis, perfectio, nulla
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2976 cupiditas</i>. Ex hoc autem quod aliquis res mundanas possidet,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2977 allicitur animus eius ad earum amorem. Unde Augustinus dicit, in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2978 epistola ad Paulinum et Therasiam, quod <i>terrena diliguntur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2979 arctius adepta quam concupita. Nam unde iuvenis ille tristis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2980 discessit, nisi quia magnas habebat divitias? Aliud est enim nolle
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2981 incorporare quae desunt, aliud iam incorporata divellere, illa enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2982 velut extranea repudiantur; ista velut membra praeciduntur</i>. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2983 Chrysostomus dicit, super Matth., quod <i>appositio divitiarum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2984 maiorem accendit flammam, et vehementior fit cupido</i>. Et inde
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2985 est quod ad perfectionem caritatis acquirendam, primum fundamentum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2986 est voluntaria paupertas, ut aliquis absque proprio vivat, dicente
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2987 domino, Matth. XIX, <i>si vis perfectus esse, vade et vende omnia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2988 quae habes et da pauperibus, et veni, sequere me</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2989 <p title="II-II q. 186 a. 3 ad 1"><a name="46435"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2990 "ref">[46435] IIª-IIae, q. 186 a. 3 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2991 ergo dicendum quod, sicut Glossa ibidem subdit, <i>non ideo dixit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2992 apostolus (scilicet, ut vobis non sit tribulatio, idest paupertas),
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2993 quin melius esset, sed infirmis timet, quos sic dare monet ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2994 egestatem non patiantur</i>. Unde similiter etiam ex Glossa alia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2995 non est intelligendum quod non liceat omnia temporalia abiicere,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2996 sed quod hoc non ex necessitate requiritur. Unde et Ambrosius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2997 dicit, in I de Offic., <i>dominus non vult</i>, scilicet ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2998 necessitate praecepti, <i>simul effundi opes, sed dispensari, nisi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2999 forte ut Eliseus boves suos occidit et pavit pauperes ex eo quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3000 habuit, ut nulla cura teneretur domestica</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3001 <p title="II-II q. 186 a. 3 ad 2"><a name="46436"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3002 "ref">[46436] IIª-IIae, q. 186 a. 3 ad 2</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3003 secundum dicendum quod ille qui omnia sua dimittit propter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3004 Christum, non exponit se periculo, neque spirituali neque
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3005 corporali. Spirituale enim periculum ex paupertate provenit quando
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3006 non est voluntaria, quia ex affectu aggregandi pecunias, quem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3007 patiuntur illi qui involuntarie sunt pauperes, incidit homo in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3008 multa peccata; secundum illud I ad Tim. ult., <i>qui volunt divites
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3009 fieri, incidunt in tentationem et in laqueum Diaboli</i>. Iste
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3010 autem affectus deponitur ab his qui voluntariam paupertatem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3011 sequuntur, magis autem dominatur in his qui divitias possident, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3012 ex dictis patet. Corporale etiam periculum non imminet illis qui,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3013 intentione sequendi Christum, omnia sua relinquunt, divinae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3014 providentiae se committentes. Unde Augustinus dicit, in libro de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3015 Serm. Dom. in monte, <i>quaerentibus regnum Dei et iustitiam eius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3016 non debet subesse sollicitudo ne necessaria desint</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3017 <p title="II-II q. 186 a. 3 ad 3"><a name="46437"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3018 "ref">[46437] IIª-IIae, q. 186 a. 3 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3019 dicendum quod medium virtutis, secundum philosophum, in II Ethic.,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3020 accipitur secundum rationem rectam, non secundum quantitatem rei.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3021 Et ideo quidquid potest fieri secundum rationem rectam, non est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3022 vitiosum ex magnitudine quantitatis, sed magis virtuosum. Esset
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3023 autem praeter rationem rectam si quis omnia sua consumeret in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3024 intemperantiam, vel absque utilitate. Est autem secundum rationem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3025 rectam quod aliquis divitias abiiciat ut contemplationi sapientiae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3026 vacet, quod etiam philosophi quidam fecisse leguntur. Dicit enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3027 Hieronymus, in epistola ad Paulinum, <i>Crates ille Thebanus, homo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3028 quondam ditissimus, cum ad philosophandum Athenas pergeret, magnum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3029 auri pondus abiecit, nec putavit se posse simul divitias et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3030 virtutes possidere</i>. Unde multo magis secundum rationem rectam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3031 est ut homo omnia sua relinquat ad hoc quod Christum perfecte
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3032 sequatur. Unde Hieronymus dicit, in epistola ad rusticum monachum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3033 <i>nudum Christum nudus sequere</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3034 <p title="II-II q. 186 a. 3 ad 4"><a name="46438"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3035 "ref">[46438] IIª-IIae, q. 186 a. 3 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3036 dicendum quod duplex est beatitudo sive felicitas, una quidem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3037 perfecta, quam expectamus in futura vita; alia autem imperfecta,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3038 secundum quam aliqui dicuntur in hac vita beati. Praesentis autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3039 vitae felicitas est duplex, una quidem secundum vitam activam, alia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3040 vero secundum vitam contemplativam, ut patet per philosophum, in X
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3041 Ethic. Ad felicitatem igitur vitae activae, quae consistit in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3042 exterioribus operationibus, divitiae instrumentaliter coadiuvant,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3043 quia, ut philosophus dicit, in I Ethic. <i>multa operamur per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3044 amicos, per divitias et per civilem potentiam, sicut per quaedam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3045 organa</i>. Ad felicitatem autem contemplativae vitae non multum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3046 operantur, sed magis impediunt, inquantum sua sollicitudine
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3047 impediunt animi quietem, quae maxime necessaria est contemplanti.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3048 Et hoc est quod philosophus dicit, in X Ethic., quod <i>ad actiones
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3049 multis opus est, speculanti vero nullo talium</i>, scilicet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3050 exteriorum bonorum, <i>ad operationem necessitas, sed impedimenta
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3051 sunt ad speculationem</i>. Ad futuram vero beatitudinem ordinatur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3052 aliquis per caritatem. Et quia voluntaria paupertas est efficax
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3053 exercitium perveniendi ad perfectam caritatem, ideo multum valet ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3054 caelestem beatitudinem consequendam, unde et dominus, Matth. XIX,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3055 dicit, <i>vade et vende omnia quae habes et da pauperibus, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3056 habebis thesaurum in caelo</i>. Divitiae autem habitae per se
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3057 quidem natae sunt perfectionem caritatis impedire, principaliter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3058 alliciendo animum et distrahendo unde dicitur, Matth. XIII, quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3059 sollicitudo saeculi et fallacia divitiarum suffocat verbum Dei;
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3060 quia, ut Gregorius dicit, <i>dum bonum desiderium ad cor intrare
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3061 non sinunt, quasi aditum flatus vitalis necant</i>. Et ideo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3062 difficile est caritatem inter divitias conservare. Unde dominus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3063 dicit, Matth. XIX, quod <i>dives difficile intrabit in regnum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3064 caelorum</i>. Quod quidem intelligendum est de eo qui actu habet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3065 divitias, nam de eo qui affectum in divitiis ponit, dicit hoc esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3066 impossibile, secundum expositionem Chrisostomi, cum subdit,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3067 <i>facilius est camelum per foramen acus transire quam divitem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3068 intrare in regnum caelorum</i>. Et ideo non simpliciter dives
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3069 dicitur esse beatus, sed, <i>qui inventus est sine macula et post
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3070 aurum non abiit</i>. Et hoc, quia rem difficilem fecit, unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3071 subditur, <i>quis est hic. Et laudabimus eum? Fecit enim mirabilia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3072 in vita sua</i>, ut scilicet, inter divitias positus, divitias non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3073 amaret.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3074 <p title="II-II q. 186 a. 3 ad 5"><a name="46439"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3075 "ref">[46439] IIª-IIae, q. 186 a. 3 ad 5</span></a> Ad quintum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3076 dicendum quod status episcopalis non ordinatur ad perfectionem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3077 adipiscendam, sed potius ut ex perfectione quam quis habet, alios
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3078 gubernet, non solum ministrando spiritualia, sed etiam temporalia.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3079 Quod pertinet ad vitam activam, in qua multa operanda occurrunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3080 instrumentaliter per divitias, ut dictum est. Et ideo ab episcopis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3081 qui profitentur gubernationem gregis Christi, non exigitur quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3082 proprio careant, sicut exigitur a religiosis, qui profitentur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3083 disciplinam perfectionis acquirendae.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3084 <p title="II-II q. 186 a. 3 ad 6"><a name="46440"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3085 "ref">[46440] IIª-IIae, q. 186 a. 3 ad 6</span></a> Ad sextum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3086 dicendum quod abrenuntiatio propriarum divitiarum comparatur ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3087 eleemosynarum largitionem sicut universale ad particulare, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3088 holocaustum ad sacrificium. Unde Gregorius dicit, super Ezech.,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3089 quod <i>illi qui ex possessis rebus subsidia egentibus ministrant,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3090 in bonis quae faciunt sacrificium offerunt, quia aliquid Deo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3091 immolant, et aliquid sibi reservant, qui vero nihil sibi reservant,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3092 offerunt holocaustum, quod est maius sacrificio</i>. Unde etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3093 Hieronymus, contra Vigilant., dicit, <i>quod autem asserit eos
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3094 melius facere qui utantur rebus suis et paulatim fructus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3095 possessionum pauperibus dividant, non a me eis, sed a Deo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3096 respondetur, si vis perfectus esse,</i> et cetera. Et postea
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3097 subdit, <i>iste quem tu laudas, secundus et tertius gradus est,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3098 quem et nos recipimus, dummodo sciamus prima secundis et tertiis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3099 praeferenda</i>. Et ideo, ad excludendum errorem Vigilantii,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3100 dicitur in libro de ecclesiasticis dogmatibus, <i>bonum est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3101 facultates cum dispensatione pauperibus erogare, melius est, pro
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3102 intentione sequendi dominum, insimul donare, et, absolutum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3103 sollicitudine, egere cum Christo</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3104 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3105 <div class="E">Articulus 4</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3106 <p title="II-II q. 186 a. 4 arg. 1"><a name="46441"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3107 "ref">[46441] IIª-IIae, q. 186 a. 4 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3108 quartum sic proceditur. Videtur quod perpetua continentia non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3109 requiratur ad perfectionem religionis. Omnis enim Christianae vitae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3110 perfectio ab apostolis Christi coepit. Sed apostoli continentiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3111 non videntur servasse, ut patet de Petro, qui socrum legitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3112 habuisse, Matth. VIII. Ergo videtur quod ad perfectionem religionis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3113 non requiratur perpetua continentia.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3114 <p title="II-II q. 186 a. 4 arg. 2"><a name="46442"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3115 "ref">[46442] IIª-IIae, q. 186 a. 4 arg. 2</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3116 Praeterea, primum perfectionis exemplar nobis in Abraham
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3117 ostenditur, cui dominus dixit, Gen. XVII, <i>ambula coram me, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3118 esto perfectus</i>. Sed exemplatum non oportet quod excedat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3119 exemplar. Ergo non requiritur ad perfectionem religionis perpetua
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3120 continentia.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3121 <p title="II-II q. 186 a. 4 arg. 3"><a name="46443"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3122 "ref">[46443] IIª-IIae, q. 186 a. 4 arg. 3</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3123 Praeterea, illud quod requiritur ad perfectionem religionis, in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3124 omni religione invenitur. Sunt autem aliqui religiosi qui uxoribus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3125 utuntur. Non ergo religionis perfectio exigit perpetuam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3126 continentiam.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3127 <p title="II-II q. 186 a. 4 s. c."><a name="46444"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3128 "ref">[46444] IIª-IIae, q. 186 a. 4 s. c.</span></a> Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3129 contra est quod apostolus dicit, II ad Cor. VII, <i>mundemus nos ab
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3130 omni inquinamento carnis et spiritus, perficientes sanctificationem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3131 nostram in timore Dei</i>. Sed munditia carnis et spiritus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3132 conservatur per continentiam, dicitur enim I ad Cor. VII, <i>mulier
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3133 innupta et virgo cogitat quae domini sunt, ut sit sancta corpore et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3134 spiritu</i>. Ergo perfectio religionis requirit continentiam.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3135 <p title="II-II q. 186 a. 4 co."><a name="46445"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3136 "ref">[46445] IIª-IIae, q. 186 a. 4 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3137 dicendum quod ad statum religionis requiritur subtractio eorum per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3138 quae homo impeditur ne totaliter feratur ad Dei servitium. Usus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3139 autem carnalis copulae retrahit animum ne totaliter feratur in Dei
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3140 servitium, dupliciter. Uno modo, propter vehementiam delectationis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3141 ex cuius frequenti experientia augetur concupiscentia, ut etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3142 philosophus dicit, in III Ethic. Et inde est quod usus venereorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3143 retrahit animam ab illa perfecta intentione tendendi in Deum. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3144 hoc est quod Augustinus dicit, in I Soliloq., <i>nihil esse sentio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3145 quod magis ex arce deiiciat animum virilem quam blandimenta
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3146 feminae, corporumque ille contactus sine quo uxor haberi non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3147 potest</i>. Alio modo, propter sollicitudinem quam ingerit homini
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3148 de gubernatione uxoris et filiorum, et rerum temporalium quae ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3149 eorum sustentationem sufficiant. Unde apostolus dicit quod <i>qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3150 sine uxore est, sollicitus est quae sunt domini, quomodo placeat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3151 Deo, qui autem cum uxore est, sollicitus est quae sunt mundi,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3152 quomodo placeat uxori</i>. Et ideo continentia perpetua requiritur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3153 ad perfectionem religionis, sicut et voluntaria paupertas. Unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3154 sicut damnatus est Vigilantius, qui adaequavit divitias paupertati;
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3155 ita damnatus est Iovinianus, qui adaequavit matrimonium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3156 virginitati.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3157 <p title="II-II q. 186 a. 4 ad 1"><a name="46446"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3158 "ref">[46446] IIª-IIae, q. 186 a. 4 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3159 ergo dicendum quod perfectio non solum paupertatis, sed etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3160 continentiae, introducta est per Christum, qui dicit, Matth. XIX,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3161 <i>sunt eunuchi qui castraverunt seipsos propter regnum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3162 caelorum</i>, et postea subdit, qui potest capere, capiat. Et ne
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3163 alicui spes perveniendi ad perfectionem tolleretur, assumpsit ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3164 perfectionis statum etiam illos quos invenit matrimonio iunctos.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3165 Non autem poterat absque iniuria fieri quod viri uxores desererent,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3166 sicut absque iniuria fiebat quod homines divitias relinquerent. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3167 ideo Petrum, quem invenit matrimonio iunctum, non separavit ab
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3168 uxore. Ioannem tamen nubere volentem a nuptiis revocavit.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3169 <p title="II-II q. 186 a. 4 ad 2"><a name="46447"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3170 "ref">[46447] IIª-IIae, q. 186 a. 4 ad 2</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3171 secundum dicendum quod, sicut Augustinus dicit, in libro de bono
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3172 Coniug., <i>melior est castitas caelibum quam castitas nuptiarum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3173 quarum Abraham unam habebat in usu, ambas in habitu. Caste quippe
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3174 coniugaliter vixit, esse autem castus sine coniugio potuit, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3175 tunc non oportuit</i>. Nec tamen quia antiqui patres perfectionem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3176 animi simul cum divitiis et matrimonio habuerunt, quod ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3177 magnitudinem virtutis pertinebat, propter hoc infirmiores quique
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3178 debent praesumere se tantae virtutis esse ut cum divitiis et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3179 matrimonio possint ad perfectionem pervenire, sicut nec aliquis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3180 praesumit hostes inermis invadere quia Samson cum mandibula asini
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3181 multos hostium peremit. Nam illi patres, si tempus fuisset
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3182 continentiae et paupertatis servandae, studiosius hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3183 implessent.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3184 <p title="II-II q. 186 a. 4 ad 3"><a name="46448"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3185 "ref">[46448] IIª-IIae, q. 186 a. 4 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3186 dicendum quod illi modi vivendi secundum quos homines matrimonio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3187 utuntur, non sunt simpliciter et absolute loquendo religiones, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3188 secundum quid, inquantum scilicet in aliquo participant quaedam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3189 quae ad statum religionis pertinent.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3190 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3191 <div class="E">Articulus 5</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3192 <p title="II-II q. 186 a. 5 arg. 1"><a name="46449"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3193 "ref">[46449] IIª-IIae, q. 186 a. 5 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3194 quintum sic proceditur. Videtur quod obedientia non pertineat ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3195 perfectionem religionis. Illa enim videntur ad perfectionem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3196 religionis pertinere quae sunt supererogationis, ad quae non omnes
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3197 tenentur. Sed ad obediendum praelatis suis omnes tenentur, secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3198 illud apostoli, Hebr. ult., <i>obedite praepositis vestris, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3199 subiacete eis</i>. Ergo videtur quod obedientia non pertineat ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3200 perfectionem religionis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3201 <p title="II-II q. 186 a. 5 arg. 2"><a name="46450"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3202 "ref">[46450] IIª-IIae, q. 186 a. 5 arg. 2</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3203 Praeterea, obedientia proprie pertinere videtur ad eos qui debent
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3204 regi sensu alieno, quod est indiscretorum. Sed apostolus dicit, ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3205 Heb. V, quod <i>perfectorum est solidus cibus, qui pro consuetudine
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3206 exercitatos habent sensus ad discretionem boni et mali</i>. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3207 videtur quod obedientia non pertineat ad statum perfectorum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3208 <p title="II-II q. 186 a. 5 arg. 3"><a name="46451"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3209 "ref">[46451] IIª-IIae, q. 186 a. 5 arg. 3</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3210 Praeterea, si obedientia requireretur ad perfectionem religionis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3211 oporteret quod omnibus religiosis conveniret. Non autem omnibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3212 convenit, sunt enim quidam religiosi solitariam vitam agentes, qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3213 non habent superiores, quibus obediant. Praelati etiam religionum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3214 ad obedientiam non videntur teneri. Ergo obedientia non videtur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3215 pertinere ad perfectionem religionis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3216 <p title="II-II q. 186 a. 5 arg. 4"><a name="46452"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3217 "ref">[46452] IIª-IIae, q. 186 a. 5 arg. 4</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3218 Praeterea, si votum obedientiae ad religionem requireretur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3219 consequens esset quod religiosi tenerentur praelatis suis in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3220 omnibus obedire, sicut et per votum continentiae tenentur ab
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3221 omnibus venereis abstinere. Sed non tenentur obedire in omnibus, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3222 supra habitum est, cum de virtute obedientiae ageretur. Ergo votum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3223 obedientiae non requiritur ad religionem.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3224 <p title="II-II q. 186 a. 5 arg. 5"><a name="46453"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3225 "ref">[46453] IIª-IIae, q. 186 a. 5 arg. 5</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3226 Praeterea, illa servitia sunt Deo maxime accepta quae liberaliter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3227 et non ex necessitate fiunt, secundum illud II ad Cor. IX, <i>non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3228 ex tristitia aut ex necessitate</i>. Sed illa quae ex obedientia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3229 fiunt, fiunt ex necessitate praecepti. Ergo laudabilius fiunt bona
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3230 opera quae quis propria sponte facit. Votum ergo obedientiae non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3231 competit religioni, per quam homines quaerunt ad meliora
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3232 promoveri.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3233 <p title="II-II q. 186 a. 5 s. c."><a name="46454"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3234 "ref">[46454] IIª-IIae, q. 186 a. 5 s. c.</span></a> Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3235 contra, perfectio religionis maxime consistit in imitatione
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3236 Christi, secundum illud Matth. XIX, <i>si vis perfectus esse, vade
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3237 et vende omnia quae habes et da pauperibus, et veni, sequere
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3238 me</i>. Sed in Christo maxime commendatur obedientia, secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3239 illud Philip. II, factus est obediens usque ad mortem. Ergo videtur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3240 quod obedientia pertineat ad perfectionem religionis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3241 <p title="II-II q. 186 a. 5 co."><a name="46455"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3242 "ref">[46455] IIª-IIae, q. 186 a. 5 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3243 dicendum quod, sicut supra dictum est, status religionis est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3244 quaedam disciplina vel exercitium tendendi in perfectionem.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3245 Quicumque autem instruuntur vel exercitantur ut perveniant ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3246 aliquem finem, oportet quod directionem alicuius sequantur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3247 secundum cuius arbitrium instruantur vel exercitentur, quasi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3248 discipuli sub magistro. Et ideo oportet quod religiosi, in his quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3249 pertinent ad religiosam vitam, alicuius instructioni et imperio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3250 subdantur. Unde et VII, qu. I, dicitur, <i>monachorum vita
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3251 subiectionis habet verbum et discipulatus</i>. Imperio autem et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3252 instructioni alterius subiicitur homo per obedientiam. Et ideo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3253 obedientia requiritur ad religionis perfectionem.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3254 <p title="II-II q. 186 a. 5 ad 1"><a name="46456"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3255 "ref">[46456] IIª-IIae, q. 186 a. 5 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3256 ergo dicendum quod obedire praelatis in his quae pertinent ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3257 necessitatem virtutis, non est supererogationis, sed omnibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3258 commune, sed obedire in his quae pertinent ad exercitium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3259 perfectionis, pertinet proprie ad religiosos. Et comparatur ista
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3260 obedientia ad aliam sicut universale ad particulare. Illi enim qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3261 in saeculo vivunt, aliquid sibi retinent et aliquid Deo largiuntur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3262 et secundum hoc obedientiae praelatorum subduntur. Illi vero qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3263 vivunt in religione, totaliter se et sua tribuunt Deo, ut ex supra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3264 dictis patet. Unde obedientia eorum est universalis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3265 <p title="II-II q. 186 a. 5 ad 2"><a name="46457"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3266 "ref">[46457] IIª-IIae, q. 186 a. 5 ad 2</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3267 secundum dicendum quod, sicut philosophus dicit, in II Ethic.,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3268 homines exercitantes se in operibus perveniunt ad aliquos habitus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3269 quos cum acquisierint, eosdem actus maxime possunt operari. Sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3270 igitur obediendo illi qui non sunt perfectionem adepti, ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3271 perfectionem perveniunt. Illi autem qui iam sunt perfectionem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3272 adepti, maxime prompti sunt ad obediendum, non quasi indigentes
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3273 dirigi ad perfectionem acquirendam; sed quasi per hoc se
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3274 conservantes in eo quod ad perfectionem pertinet.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3275 <p title="II-II q. 186 a. 5 ad 3"><a name="46458"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3276 "ref">[46458] IIª-IIae, q. 186 a. 5 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3277 dicendum quod subiectio religiosorum principaliter attenditur ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3278 episcopos, qui comparantur ad eos sicut perfectores ad perfectos,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3279 ut patet per Dionysium, VI cap. Eccles. Hier., ubi etiam dicit quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3280 <i>monachorum ordo pontificum consummativis virtutibus mancipatur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3281 et divinis eorum illuminationibus edocetur</i>. Unde ab episcoporum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3282 obedientia nec eremitae, nec etiam praelati religionum excusantur.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3283 Et si a dioecesanis episcopis totaliter vel in parte sunt exempti,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3284 obligantur tamen ad obediendum summo pontifici, non solum in his
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3285 quae sunt communia aliis, sed etiam in his quae specialiter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3286 pertinent ad disciplinam religionis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3287 <p title="II-II q. 186 a. 5 ad 4"><a name="46459"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3288 "ref">[46459] IIª-IIae, q. 186 a. 5 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3289 dicendum quod votum obedientiae ad religionem pertinens se extendit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3290 ad dispositionem totius humanae vitae. Et secundum hoc, votum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3291 obedientiae habet quandam universalitatem, licet non se extendat ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3292 omnes particulares actus; quorum quidam ad religionem non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3293 pertinent, quia non sunt de rebus pertinentibus ad dilectionem Dei
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3294 et proximi, sicut confricatio barbae vel levatio festucae de terra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3295 et similia, quae non cadunt sub voto vel sub obedientia; quidam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3296 vero etiam contrariantur religioni. Nec est simile de voto
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3297 continentiae, per quam excluduntur actus omnino perfectioni
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3298 religionis contrarii.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3299 <p title="II-II q. 186 a. 5 ad 5"><a name="46460"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3300 "ref">[46460] IIª-IIae, q. 186 a. 5 ad 5</span></a> Ad quintum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3301 dicendum quod necessitas coactionis facit involuntarium, et ideo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3302 excludit rationem laudis et meriti. Sed necessitas consequens
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3303 obedientiam non est necessitas coactionis, sed liberae voluntatis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3304 inquantum homo vult obedire, licet forte non vellet illud quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3305 mandatur, secundum se consideratum, implere. Et ideo, quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3306 necessitati aliqua faciendi quae secundum se non placent, per votum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3307 obedientiae homo se subiicit propter Deum; ex hoc ipso ea quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3308 facit sunt Deo magis accepta, etiam si sint minora, quia nihil
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3309 maius homo potest Deo dare quam quod propriam voluntatem propter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3310 ipsum alterius voluntati subiiciat. Unde in collationibus patrum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3311 dicitur <i>deterrimum genus monachorum esse Sarabaitas, qui, suas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3312 necessitates curantes, absoluti a seniorum iugo, habent libertatem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3313 agendi quod libitum fuerit, et tamen magis quam hi qui in coenobiis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3314 degunt, in operibus diebus ac noctibus consumuntur</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3315 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3316 <div class="E">Articulus 6</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3317 <p title="II-II q. 186 a. 6 arg. 1"><a name="46461"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3318 "ref">[46461] IIª-IIae, q. 186 a. 6 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3319 sextum sic proceditur. Videtur quod non requiratur ad perfectionem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3320 religionis quod praedicta tria, scilicet paupertas, continentia et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3321 obedientia, cadant sub voto. Disciplina enim perfectionis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3322 assumendae ex traditione domini est accepta. Sed dominus, dans
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3323 formam perfectionis, Matth. XIX, dixit, <i>si vis perfectus esse,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3324 vade et vende omnia quae habes et da pauperibus</i>, nulla mentione
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3325 facta de voto. Ergo videtur quod votum non requiratur ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3326 disciplinam religionis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3327 <p title="II-II q. 186 a. 6 arg. 2"><a name="46462"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3328 "ref">[46462] IIª-IIae, q. 186 a. 6 arg. 2</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3329 Praeterea, votum consistit in quadam promissione Deo facta, unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3330 Eccle. V, cum dixisset sapiens, <i>si quid vovisti Deo, ne moreris
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3331 reddere</i>, statim subdit, <i>displicet enim ei infidelis et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3332 stulta promissio</i>. Sed ubi est exhibitio rei, non requiritur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3333 promissio. Ergo sufficit ad perfectionem religionis quod aliquis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3334 servet paupertatem, continentiam et obedientiam, absque voto.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3335 <p title="II-II q. 186 a. 6 arg. 3"><a name="46463"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3336 "ref">[46463] IIª-IIae, q. 186 a. 6 arg. 3</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3337 Praeterea, Augustinus dicit, ad Pollentium, de Adulterin. Coniug.,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3338 <i>ea sunt in nostris officiis gratiora quae, cum liceret nobis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3339 etiam non impendere, tamen causa dilectionis impendimus</i>. Sed ea
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3340 quae fiunt sine voto, licet non impendere, quod non licet de his
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3341 quae fiunt cum voto. Ergo videtur gratius esse Deo si quis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3342 paupertatem, continentiam et obedientiam absque voto servaret. Non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3343 ergo votum requiritur ad perfectionem religionis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3344 <p title="II-II q. 186 a. 6 s. c."><a name="46464"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3345 "ref">[46464] IIª-IIae, q. 186 a. 6 s. c.</span></a> Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3346 contra est quod in veteri lege Nazaraei cum voto sanctificabantur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3347 secundum illud Num. VI, <i>vir sive mulier cum fecerit votum ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3348 sanctificetur, et se voluerit domino consecrare,</i> et cetera. Per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3349 eos autem significantur illi qui ad perfectionis summam pertingunt,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3350 ut dicit Glossa Gregorii ibidem. Ergo votum requiritur ad statum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3351 perfectionis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3352 <p title="II-II q. 186 a. 6 co."><a name="46465"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3353 "ref">[46465] IIª-IIae, q. 186 a. 6 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3354 dicendum quod ad religiosos pertinet quod sint in statu
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3355 perfectionis, sicut ex supra dictis patet. Ad statum autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3356 perfectionis requiritur obligatio ad ea quae sunt perfectionis.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3357 Quae quidem Deo fit per votum. Manifestum est autem ex praemissis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3358 quod ad perfectionem Christianae vitae pertinet paupertas,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3359 continentia et obedientia. Et ideo religionis status requirit ut ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3360 haec tria aliquis voto obligetur. Unde Gregorius dicit, super
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3361 Ezech., <i>cum quis omne quod habet, omne quod vivit, omne quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3362 sapit, omnipotenti Deo voverit, holocaustum est</i>, quod quidem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3363 pertinere postea dicit ad eos <i>qui praesens saeculum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3364 deserunt</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3365 <p title="II-II q. 186 a. 6 ad 1"><a name="46466"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3366 "ref">[46466] IIª-IIae, q. 186 a. 6 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3367 ergo dicendum quod ad perfectionem vitae dominus pertinere dixit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3368 quod aliquis eum sequatur, non qualitercumque, sed ut ulterius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3369 retro non abiret, unde ipse dicit, Luc. IX, <i>nemo mittens manum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3370 ad aratrum et respiciens retro, aptus est regno Dei</i>. Et quamvis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3371 quidam de discipulis eius retrorsum abierint, tamen Petrus, loco
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3372 aliorum, domino interroganti, <i>nunquid et vos vultis abire?
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3373 Respondit, domine, ad quem ibimus?</i> Unde et Augustinus dicit, in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3374 libro de consensu Evangelist., quod, <i>sicut Matthaeus et Marcus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3375 narrant, Petrus et Andreas, non subductis ad terram navibus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3376 tanquam causa redeundi, secuti sunt eum, sed tanquam iubentem ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3377 sequerentur</i>. Haec autem immobilitas sequelae Christi firmatur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3378 per votum. Et ideo votum requiritur ad perfectionem religionis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3379 <p title="II-II q. 186 a. 6 ad 2"><a name="46467"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3380 "ref">[46467] IIª-IIae, q. 186 a. 6 ad 2</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3381 secundum dicendum quod perfectio religionis requirit, sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3382 Gregorius dicit, ut aliquis omne quod vivit Deo exhibeat. Sed homo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3383 non potest totam vitam suam actu Deo exhibere, quia non est tota
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3384 simul, sed successive agitur. Unde non aliter homo potest totam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3385 vitam Deo exhibere nisi per voti obligationem.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3386 <p title="II-II q. 186 a. 6 ad 3"><a name="46468"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3387 "ref">[46468] IIª-IIae, q. 186 a. 6 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3388 dicendum quod inter alia quae licet nobis non impendere, est etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3389 propria libertas, quam homo ceteris rebus cariorem habet. Unde cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3390 aliquis propria sponte voto sibi adimit libertatem abstinendi ab
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3391 his quae ad Dei servitium pertinent, hoc fit Deo acceptissimum.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3392 Unde Augustinus dicit, in epistola ad Armentarium et Paulinam,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3393 <i>non te vovisse poeniteat, immo gaude iam tibi non licere quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3394 cum tuo detrimento licuisset. Felix necessitas quae in meliora
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3395 compellit</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3396 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3397 <div class="E">Articulus 7</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3398 <p title="II-II q. 186 a. 7 arg. 1"><a name="46469"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3399 "ref">[46469] IIª-IIae, q. 186 a. 7 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3400 septimum sic proceditur. Videtur quod inconvenienter dicatur in his
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3401 tribus votis consistere religionis perfectionem. Perfectio enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3402 vitae magis consistit in interioribus quam in exterioribus actibus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3403 secundum illud Rom. XIV, <i>non est regnum Dei esca et potus, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3404 iustitia et pax et gaudium in spiritu sancto</i>. Sed per votum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3405 religionis aliquis obligatur ad ea quae sunt perfectionis. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3406 magis deberent ad religionem pertinere vota interiorum actuum, puta
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3407 contemplationis, dilectionis Dei et proximi, et aliorum huiusmodi,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3408 quam votum paupertatis, continentiae et obedientiae, quae pertinent
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3409 ad exteriores actus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3410 <p title="II-II q. 186 a. 7 arg. 2"><a name="46470"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3411 "ref">[46470] IIª-IIae, q. 186 a. 7 arg. 2</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3412 Praeterea, praedicta tria cadunt sub voto religionis inquantum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3413 pertinent ad quoddam exercitium tendendi in perfectionem. Sed multa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3414 alia sunt in quibus religiosi exercitantur, sicut abstinentia,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3415 vigiliae et alia huiusmodi. Ergo videtur quod inconvenienter ista
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3416 tria vota dicantur essentialiter ad statum perfectionis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3417 pertinere.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3418 <p title="II-II q. 186 a. 7 arg. 3"><a name="46471"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3419 "ref">[46471] IIª-IIae, q. 186 a. 7 arg. 3</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3420 Praeterea, per votum obedientiae aliquis obligatur ad omnia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3421 implenda, secundum praeceptum superioris, quae ad exercitium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3422 perfectionis pertinent. Ergo sufficit votum obedientiae, absque
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3423 aliis duobus votis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3424 <p title="II-II q. 186 a. 7 arg. 4"><a name="46472"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3425 "ref">[46472] IIª-IIae, q. 186 a. 7 arg. 4</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3426 Praeterea, ad exteriora bona pertinent non solum divitiae, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3427 etiam honores. Si ergo per votum paupertatis religiosi terrenas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3428 divitias abdicant, debet esse etiam aliud votum per quod honores
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3429 mundanos contemnant.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3430 <p title="II-II q. 186 a. 7 s. c."><a name="46473"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3431 "ref">[46473] IIª-IIae, q. 186 a. 7 s. c.</span></a> Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3432 contra est quod dicitur extra, de statu monachorum, quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3433 <i>custodia castitatis et abdicatio proprietatis sunt annexa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3434 regulae monachali</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3435 <p title="II-II q. 186 a. 7 co."><a name="46474"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3436 "ref">[46474] IIª-IIae, q. 186 a. 7 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3437 dicendum quod religionis status potest considerari tripliciter, uno
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3438 modo, secundum quod est quoddam exercitium tendendi in perfectionem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3439 caritatis; alio modo, secundum quod quietat humanum animum ab
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3440 exterioribus sollicitudinibus, secundum illud I ad Cor. VII, volo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3441 vos sine sollicitudine esse; tertio modo, secundum quod est quoddam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3442 holocaustum, per quod aliquis totaliter se et sua offert Deo. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3443 secundum hoc, ex his tribus votis integratur religionis status.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3444 Primo enim, quantum ad exercitium perfectionis, requiritur quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3445 aliquis a se removeat illa per quae posset impediri ne totaliter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3446 eius affectus tendat in Deum, in quo consistit perfectio caritatis.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3447 Huiusmodi autem sunt tria. Primo quidem, cupiditas exteriorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3448 bonorum. Quae tollitur per votum paupertatis. Secundum autem est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3449 concupiscentia sensibilium delectationum, inter quas praecellunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3450 delectationes venereae. Quae excluduntur per votum continentiae.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3451 Tertium autem est inordinatio voluntatis humanae. Quae excluditur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3452 per votum obedientiae. Similiter autem sollicitudinis saecularis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3453 inquietudo praecipue ingeritur homini circa tria. Primo quidem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3454 circa dispensationem exteriorum rerum. Et haec sollicitudo per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3455 votum paupertatis homini aufertur. Secundo, circa gubernationem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3456 uxoris et filiorum. Quae amputatur per votum continentiae. Tertio,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3457 circa dispositionem propriorum actuum. Quae amputatur per votum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3458 obedientiae, quo aliquis se alterius dispositioni committit.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3459 Similiter etiam holocaustum est cum aliquis totum quod habet,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3460 offert Deo, ut Gregorius dicit, super Ezech. Habet autem homo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3461 triplex bonum, secundum philosophum, in I Ethic. Primo quidem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3462 exteriorum rerum. Quas quidem totaliter aliquis Deo offert per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3463 votum voluntariae paupertatis. Secundo autem, bonum proprii
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3464 corporis. Quod aliquis praecipue offert Deo per votum continentiae,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3465 quo abrenuntiat maximis delectationibus corporis. Tertium autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3466 bonum est animae. Quod aliquis totaliter Deo offert per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3467 obedientiam, qua aliquis offert Deo propriam voluntatem, per quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3468 homo utitur omnibus potentiis et habitibus animae. Et ideo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3469 convenienter ex tribus votis status religionis integratur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3470 <p title="II-II q. 186 a. 7 ad 1"><a name="46475"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3471 "ref">[46475] IIª-IIae, q. 186 a. 7 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3472 ergo dicendum quod, sicut supra dictum est, status religionis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3473 ordinatur sicut ad finem ad perfectionem caritatis, ad quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3474 pertinent omnes interiores actus virtutum, quarum mater est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3475 caritas, secundum illud I ad Cor. XIII, caritas patiens est,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3476 benigna est, et cetera. Et ideo interiores actus virtutum, puta
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3477 humilitatis, patientiae et huiusmodi, non cadunt sub voto
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3478 religionis, quod ordinatur ad ipsos sicut ad finem.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3479 <p title="II-II q. 186 a. 7 ad 2"><a name="46476"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3480 "ref">[46476] IIª-IIae, q. 186 a. 7 ad 2</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3481 secundum dicendum quod omnes aliae religionum observantiae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3482 ordinantur ad praedicta tria principalia vota. Nam si qua sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3483 instituta in religionibus ad procurandum victum, puta labor,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3484 mendicitas vel alia huiusmodi, referuntur ad paupertatem, ad cuius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3485 conservationem religiosi per hos modos victum suum procurant. Alia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3486 vero, quibus corpus maceratur, sicut vigiliae, ieiunia et si qua
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3487 sunt huiusmodi, directe ordinantur ad votum continentiae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3488 observandum. Si qua vero sunt in religionibus instituta pertinentia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3489 ad humanos actus, quibus aliquis ordinatur ad religionis finem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3490 scilicet ad dilectionem Dei et proximi, puta lectio, oratio,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3491 visitatio infirmorum, vel si quid aliud est huiusmodi,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3492 comprehenduntur sub voto obedientiae, quod pertinet ad voluntatem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3493 quae secundum dispositionem alterius suos actus ordinat in finem.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3494 Determinatio autem habitus pertinet ad omnia tria vota, tanquam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3495 signum obligationis. Unde habitus regularis simul datur, vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3496 benedicitur, cum professione.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3497 <p title="II-II q. 186 a. 7 ad 3"><a name="46477"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3498 "ref">[46477] IIª-IIae, q. 186 a. 7 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3499 dicendum quod per obedientiam aliquis offert Deo suam voluntatem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3500 cui etsi subiiciantur omnia humana, quaedam tamen sunt quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3501 specialiter sibi tantum subduntur, scilicet actiones humanae, nam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3502 passiones pertinent etiam ad appetitum sensitivum. Et ideo ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3503 cohibendum passiones carnalium delectationum et exteriorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3504 appetibilium impedientes perfectionem vitae, necessarium fuit votum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3505 continentiae et paupertatis, sed ad disponendum actiones proprias
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3506 secundum quod requirit perfectionis status, requiritur votum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3507 obedientiae.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3508 <p title="II-II q. 186 a. 7 ad 4"><a name="46478"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3509 "ref">[46478] IIª-IIae, q. 186 a. 7 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3510 dicendum quod, sicut philosophus dicit, in IV Ethic., honor proprie
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3511 et secundum veritatem non debetur nisi virtuti, sed quia exteriora
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3512 bona instrumentaliter deserviunt ad quosdam actus virtutum, ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3513 consequenti etiam eorum excellentiae honor aliquis exhibetur; et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3514 praecipue a vulgo, quod solam excellentiam exteriorem recognoscit.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3515 Honorem igitur qui a Deo et sanctis viris hominibus exhibetur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3516 propter virtutem, prout dicitur in Psalmo, <i>mihi autem nimis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3517 honorati sunt amici tui, Deus</i>, non competit religiosis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3518 abrenuntiare, qui ad perfectionem virtutis tendunt. Honori autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3519 qui exhibetur exteriori excellentiae, abrenuntiant ex hoc ipso quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3520 saecularem vitam derelinquunt. Unde ad hoc non requiritur speciale
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3521 votum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3522 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3523 <div class="E">Articulus 8</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3524 <p title="II-II q. 186 a. 8 arg. 1"><a name="46479"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3525 "ref">[46479] IIª-IIae, q. 186 a. 8 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3526 octavum sic proceditur. Videtur quod votum obedientiae non sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3527 potissimum inter tria vota religionis. Perfectio enim religiosae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3528 vitae a Christo sumpsit exordium. Sed Christus specialiter dedit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3529 consilium de paupertate, non autem invenitur dedisse consilium de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3530 obedientia. Ergo votum paupertatis est potius quam votum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3531 obedientiae.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3532 <p title="II-II q. 186 a. 8 arg. 2"><a name="46480"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3533 "ref">[46480] IIª-IIae, q. 186 a. 8 arg. 2</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3534 Praeterea, Eccli. XXVI dicitur quod <i>omnis ponderatio non est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3535 digna animae continentis</i>. Sed votum dignioris rei est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3536 eminentius. Ergo votum continentiae est eminentius quam votum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3537 obedientiae.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3538 <p title="II-II q. 186 a. 8 arg. 3"><a name="46481"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3539 "ref">[46481] IIª-IIae, q. 186 a. 8 arg. 3</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3540 Praeterea, quanto aliquod votum est potius, tanto videtur esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3541 magis indispensabile. Sed vota paupertatis et continentiae <i>sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3542 adeo annexa regulae monachali ut contra ea nec summus pontifex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3543 possit licentiam indulgere</i>, sicut dicit quaedam decretalis, de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3544 statu monachorum, qui tamen potest indulgere ut religiosus non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3545 obediat suo praelato. Ergo videtur quod votum obedientiae sit minus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3546 voto paupertatis et continentiae.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3547 <p title="II-II q. 186 a. 8 s. c."><a name="46482"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3548 "ref">[46482] IIª-IIae, q. 186 a. 8 s. c.</span></a> Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3549 contra est quod Gregorius dicit, XXXV Moral., <i>obedientia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3550 victimis iure praeponitur, quia per victimas aliena caro, per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3551 obedientiam vero voluntas propria mactatur</i>. Sed vota religionis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3552 sunt quaedam holocausta, sicut supra dictum est. Ergo votum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3553 obedientiae est praecipuum inter omnia religionis vota.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3554 <p title="II-II q. 186 a. 8 co."><a name="46483"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3555 "ref">[46483] IIª-IIae, q. 186 a. 8 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3556 dicendum quod votum obedientiae est praecipuum inter tria vota
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3557 religionis. Et hoc, triplici ratione. Primo quidem, quia per votum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3558 obedientiae aliquid maius homo offert Deo, scilicet ipsam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3559 voluntatem, quae est potior quam corpus proprium, quod offert homo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3560 Deo per continentiam; et quam res exteriores, quas offert homo Deo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3561 per votum paupertatis. Unde illud quod fit ex obedientia, est magis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3562 Deo acceptum quam id quod fit per propriam voluntatem, secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3563 quod Hieronymus dicit, ad rusticum monachum, <i>ad illud tendit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3564 oratio, ut doceam te non tuo arbitrio dimittendum</i>; et post
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3565 pauca, <i>non facias quod vis, comedas quod iuberis, habeas quantum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3566 acceperis, vestiaris quod datur</i>. Unde et ieiunium non redditur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3567 Deo acceptum cum propria voluntate, secundum illud Isaiae LVIII,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3568 <i>ecce, in diebus ieiunii vestri invenitur voluntas vestra</i>.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3569 Secundo, quia votum obedientiae continet sub se alia vota, sed non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3570 convertitur. Nam religiosus etsi teneatur ex voto continentiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3571 servare et paupertatem, tamen haec etiam sub obedientia cadunt, ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3572 quam pertinent multa alia praeter continentiam et paupertatem.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3573 Tertio, quia votum obedientiae proprie se extendit ad actus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3574 propinquos fini religionis. Quanto autem aliquid propinquius est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3575 fini, tanto melius est. Et inde etiam est quod votum obedientiae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3576 est religioni essentialius. Si enim aliquis, absque voto
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3577 obedientiae, voluntariam paupertatem et continentiam etiam voto
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3578 servet, non propter hoc pertinet ad statum religionis, qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3579 praefertur etiam ipsi virginitati ex voto observatae; dicit enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3580 Augustinus, in libro de Virginitat., <i>nemo, quantum puto, ausus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3581 fuerit virginitatem praeferre monasterio</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3582 <p title="II-II q. 186 a. 8 ad 1"><a name="46484"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3583 "ref">[46484] IIª-IIae, q. 186 a. 8 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3584 ergo dicendum quod consilium obedientiae includitur in ipsa Christi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3585 sequela, qui enim obedit, sequitur alterius voluntatem. Et ideo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3586 magis pertinet ad perfectionem quam votum paupertatis, quia, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3587 Hieronymus dicit, super Matth., id quod perfectionis est addidit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3588 Petrus, cum dixit, et secuti sumus te.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3589 <p title="II-II q. 186 a. 8 ad 2"><a name="46485"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3590 "ref">[46485] IIª-IIae, q. 186 a. 8 ad 2</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3591 secundum dicendum quod ex verbo illo non habetur quod continentia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3592 praeferatur omnibus aliis actibus virtuosis, sed coniugali
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3593 castitati; vel etiam exterioribus divitiis auri et argenti, quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3594 pondere mensurantur. Vel per continentiam intelligitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3595 universaliter abstinentia ab omni malo, ut supra habitum est.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3596 <p title="II-II q. 186 a. 8 ad 3"><a name="46486"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3597 "ref">[46486] IIª-IIae, q. 186 a. 8 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3598 dicendum quod Papa in voto obedientiae non potest sic cum religioso
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3599 dispensare ut nulli praelato teneatur obedire in his quae ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3600 perfectionem vitae pertinent, non enim potest eum a sua obedientia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3601 eximere. Potest tamen eum eximere ab inferioris praelati
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3602 subiectione. Quod non est in voto obedientiae dispensare.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3603 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3604 <div class="E">Articulus 9</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3605 <p title="II-II q. 186 a. 9 arg. 1"><a name="46487"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3606 "ref">[46487] IIª-IIae, q. 186 a. 9 arg. 1</span></a> Ad nonum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3607 sic proceditur. Videtur quod religiosus semper peccet mortaliter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3608 transgrediendo ea quae sunt in regula. Facere enim contra votum est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3609 peccatum damnabile, ut patet per id quod apostolus dicit, I ad Tim.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3610 V, quod <i>viduae quae volunt nubere. Damnationem habent, quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3611 primam fidem irritam fecerunt</i>. Sed religiosi voto professionis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3612 ad regulam adstringuntur. Ergo peccant mortaliter transgrediendo ea
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3613 quae in regula continentur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3614 <p title="II-II q. 186 a. 9 arg. 2"><a name="46488"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3615 "ref">[46488] IIª-IIae, q. 186 a. 9 arg. 2</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3616 Praeterea, regula imponitur religioso sicut lex quaedam. Sed ille
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3617 qui transgreditur praeceptum legis, peccat mortaliter. Ergo videtur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3618 quod monachus transgrediens ea quae sunt in regula, peccet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3619 mortaliter.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3620 <p title="II-II q. 186 a. 9 arg. 3"><a name="46489"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3621 "ref">[46489] IIª-IIae, q. 186 a. 9 arg. 3</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3622 Praeterea, contemptus inducit peccatum mortale. Sed quicumque
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3623 frequenter aliquid iterat quod non debet facere, videtur ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3624 contemptu peccare. Ergo videtur quod, si religiosus frequenter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3625 transgrediatur id quod est in regula, peccet mortaliter.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3626 <p title="II-II q. 186 a. 9 s. c."><a name="46490"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3627 "ref">[46490] IIª-IIae, q. 186 a. 9 s. c.</span></a> Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3628 contra est quod status religionis est securior quam status
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3629 saecularis vitae, unde Gregorius, in principio Moral., comparat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3630 vitam saecularem mari fluctuanti, vitam autem religionis portui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3631 tranquillo. Sed si quaelibet transgressio eorum quae in regula
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3632 continentur, religiosum obligaret ad peccatum mortale, status
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3633 religionis esset periculosissimus, propter multitudinem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3634 observantiarum. Non ergo quaelibet transgressio eorum quae in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3635 regula continentur, est peccatum mortale.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3636 <p title="II-II q. 186 a. 9 co."><a name="46491"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3637 "ref">[46491] IIª-IIae, q. 186 a. 9 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3638 dicendum quod in regula continetur aliquid dupliciter, sicut ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3639 dictis patet. Uno modo, sicut finis regulae, puta ea quae pertinent
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3640 ad actus virtutum. Et horum transgressio, quantum ad ea quae cadunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3641 communiter sub praecepto, obligat ad mortale. Quantum vero ad ea
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3642 quae excedunt communiter necessitatem praecepti, non obligat ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3643 mortale, nisi propter contemptum, quia, sicut supra dictum est,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3644 religiosus non tenetur esse perfectus. Sed ad perfectionem tendere,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3645 cui contrariatur perfectionis contemptus. Alio modo continetur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3646 aliquid in regula pertinens ad exterius exercitium, sicut sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3647 omnes exteriores observantiae. Inter quas sunt quaedam ad quas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3648 obligatur religiosus ex voto professionis. Votum autem professionis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3649 respicit principaliter tria praedicta, scilicet paupertatem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3650 continentiam et obedientiam, alia vero omnia ad haec ordinantur. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3651 ideo transgressio horum trium obligat ad mortale. Aliorum autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3652 transgressio non obligat ad mortale, nisi vel propter contemptum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3653 regulae, quia hoc directe contrariaretur professioni, per quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3654 aliquis vovit regularem vitam, vel propter praeceptum, sive
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3655 oretenus a praelato factum sive in regula expressum, quia hoc esset
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3656 facere contra obedientiae votum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3657 <p title="II-II q. 186 a. 9 ad 1"><a name="46492"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3658 "ref">[46492] IIª-IIae, q. 186 a. 9 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3659 ergo dicendum quod ille qui profitetur regulam, non vovet servare
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3660 omnia quae sunt in regula, sed vovet regularem vitam quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3661 essentialiter consistit in tribus praedictis. Unde et in quibusdam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3662 religionibus cautius aliqui profitentur, non quidem regulam, sed,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3663 vivere secundum regulam, idest, tendere ad hoc quod aliquis mores
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3664 suos informet secundum regulam sicut secundum quoddam exemplar. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3665 hoc tollitur per contemptum. In quibusdam autem religionibus, adhuc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3666 cautius profitentur obedientiam secundum regulam, ita quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3667 professioni non contrariatur nisi id quod est contra praeceptum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3668 regulae. Transgressio vero vel omissio aliorum obligat solum ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3669 peccatum veniale. Quia, sicut dictum est, huiusmodi sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3670 dispositiones ad principalia vota, peccatum autem veniale est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3671 dispositio ad mortale, ut supra dictum est, inquantum impedit ea
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3672 quibus aliquis disponitur ad observanda principalia praecepta legis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3673 Christi, quae sunt praecepta caritatis. In aliqua tamen religione,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3674 scilicet ordinis fratrum praedicatorum, transgressio talis vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3675 omissio ex suo genere non obligat ad culpam neque mortalem neque
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3676 venialem, sed solum ad poenam taxatam sustinendam, quia per hunc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3677 modum ad talia observanda obligantur. Qui tamen possent venialiter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3678 vel mortaliter peccare ex negligentia vel libidine, seu
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3679 contemptu.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3680 <p title="II-II q. 186 a. 9 ad 2"><a name="46493"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3681 "ref">[46493] IIª-IIae, q. 186 a. 9 ad 2</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3682 secundum dicendum quod non omnia quae continentur in lege traduntur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3683 per modum praecepti, sed quaedam proponuntur per modum ordinationis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3684 cuiusdam, vel statuti obligantis ad certam poenam, sicut in lege
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3685 civili non facit semper dignum poena mortis corporalis transgressio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3686 legalis statuti. Ita nec in lege Ecclesiae omnes ordinationes vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3687 statuta obligant ad mortale. Et similiter nec omnia statuta
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3688 regulae.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3689 <p title="II-II q. 186 a. 9 ad 3"><a name="46494"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3690 "ref">[46494] IIª-IIae, q. 186 a. 9 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3691 dicendum quod tunc committit aliquis vel transgreditur ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3692 contemptu, quando voluntas eius renuit subiici ordinationi legis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3693 vel regulae, et ex hoc procedit ad faciendum contra legem vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3694 regulam. Quando autem e converso, propter aliquam particularem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3695 causam, puta concupiscentiam vel iram, inducitur ad aliquid
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3696 faciendum contra statuta legis vel regulae, non peccat ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3697 contemptu, sed ex aliqua alia causa, etiam si frequenter ex eadem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3698 causa, vel alia simili, peccatum iteret. Sicut etiam Augustinus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3699 dicit, in libro de natura et gratia, quod non omnia peccata
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3700 committuntur ex contemptu superbiae. Frequentia tamen peccati
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3701 dispositive inducit ad contemptum, secundum illud Prov. XVIII,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3702 <i>impius, cum in profundum venerit, contemnit</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3703 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3704 <div class="E">Articulus 10</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3705 <p title="II-II q. 186 a. 10 arg. 1"><a name="46495"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3706 "ref">[46495] IIª-IIae, q. 186 a. 10 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3707 decimum sic proceditur. Videtur quod religiosus eodem genere
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3708 peccati non gravius peccet quam saecularis. Dicitur enim II
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3709 Paralip. XXX, <i>dominus bonus propitiabitur cunctis qui in toto
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3710 corde requirunt dominum Deum patrum suorum, et non imputabitur eis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3711 quod minus sanctificati sunt</i>. Sed magis videntur religiosi ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3712 toto corde dominum Deum patrum suorum sequi quam saeculares, qui ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3713 parte se et sua Deo dant et ex parte sibi reservant, ut Gregorius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3714 dicit, super Ezech. Ergo videtur quod minus imputetur eis si in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3715 aliquo a sanctificatione deficiant.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3716 <p title="II-II q. 186 a. 10 arg. 2"><a name="46496"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3717 "ref">[46496] IIª-IIae, q. 186 a. 10 arg. 2</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3718 Praeterea, ex hoc quod aliquis bona opera facit, minus contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3719 peccata eius Deus irascitur, dicitur enim II Paralip. XIX, <i>impio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3720 praebes auxilium, et his qui oderunt dominum amicitia iungeris, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3721 idcirco iram quidem domini merebaris, sed bona opera inventa sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3722 in te</i>. Religiosi autem plura bona opera faciunt quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3723 saeculares. Ergo, si aliqua peccata faciunt, minus contra eos Deus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3724 irascitur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3725 <p title="II-II q. 186 a. 10 arg. 3"><a name="46497"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3726 "ref">[46497] IIª-IIae, q. 186 a. 10 arg. 3</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3727 Praeterea, praesens vita sine peccato non transigitur, secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3728 illud Iac. III, in multis offendimus omnes. Si ergo peccata
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3729 religiosorum essent graviora peccatis saecularium, sequeretur quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3730 religiosi essent peioris conditionis quam saeculares. Et sic non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3731 esset sanum consilium ad religionem transire.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3732 <p title="II-II q. 186 a. 10 s. c."><a name="46498"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3733 "ref">[46498] IIª-IIae, q. 186 a. 10 s. c.</span></a> Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3734 contra est quod de maiori malo magis esset dolendum. Sed de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3735 peccatis eorum qui sunt in statu sanctitatis et perfectionis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3736 maxime videtur esse dolendum, dicitur enim Ierem. XXIII, contritum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3737 est cor meum in medio mei; et postea subdit, <i>propheta namque et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3738 sacerdos polluti sunt, et in domo mea vidi malum eorum</i>. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3739 religiosi, et alii qui sunt in statu perfectionis, ceteris paribus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3740 gravius peccant.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3741 <p title="II-II q. 186 a. 10 co."><a name="46499"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3742 "ref">[46499] IIª-IIae, q. 186 a. 10 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3743 dicendum quod peccatum quod a religiosis committitur, potest esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3744 gravius peccato saecularium eiusdem speciei, tripliciter. Uno modo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3745 si sit contra votum religionis, puta si religiosus fornicetur vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3746 furetur, quia fornicando facit contra votum continentiae, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3747 furando facit contra votum paupertatis, et non solum contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3748 praeceptum divinae legis. Secundo, si ex contemptu peccet, quia ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3749 hoc videtur esse magis ingratus divinis beneficiis, quibus est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3750 sublimatus ad statum perfectionis. Sicut apostolus dicit, Heb. X,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3751 quod fidelis graviora meretur supplicia, ex hoc quod, peccando,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3752 filium Dei conculcat per contemptum. Unde et dominus conqueritur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3753 Ierem. XI, <i>quid est quod dilectus meus in domo mea facit scelera
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3754 multa?</i> Tertio modo, peccatum religiosi potest esse maius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3755 propter scandalum, quia ad vitam eius plures respiciunt. Unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3756 dicitur Ierem. XXIII, <i>in prophetis Ierusalem vidi similitudinem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3757 adulterii et iter mendacii, et confortaverunt manus pessimorum, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3758 non converteretur unusquisque a malitia sua</i>. Si vero religiosus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3759 non ex contemptu, sed ex infirmitate vel ignorantia, aliquod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3760 peccatum quod non est contra votum suae professionis, committit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3761 absque scandalo, puta in occulto, levius peccat eodem genere
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3762 peccati quam saecularis. Quia peccatum eius, si sit leve, quasi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3763 absorbetur ex multis bonis operibus quae facit. Et si sit mortale,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3764 facilius ab eo resurgit. Primo quidem, propter intentionem quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3765 habet erectam ad Deum, quae, etsi ad horam intercipiatur, de facili
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3766 ad pristina reparatur. Unde super illud Psalmi, cum ceciderit non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3767 collidetur, dicit Origenes, <i>iniustus si peccaverit, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3768 poenitet, et peccatum suum emendare nescit. Iustus autem scit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3769 emendare, scit corrigere, sicut ille qui dixerat, nescio hominem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3770 paulo post, cum respectus fuisset a domino, flere coepit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3771 amarissime; et ille qui de tecto mulierem viderat et concupierat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3772 eam, dicere novit, peccavi et malum coram te feci</i>. Iuvatur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3773 etiam sociis ad resurgendum, secundum illud Eccle. IV, <i>si unus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3774 ceciderit, ab altero fulcietur. Vae soli, quia, si ceciderit, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3775 habet sublevantem</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3776 <p title="II-II q. 186 a. 10 ad 1"><a name="46500"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3777 "ref">[46500] IIª-IIae, q. 186 a. 10 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3778 ergo dicendum quod auctoritas illa loquitur de his quae per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3779 infirmitatem vel ignorantiam committuntur, non autem de his quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3780 committuntur per contemptum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3781 <p title="II-II q. 186 a. 10 ad 2"><a name="46501"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3782 "ref">[46501] IIª-IIae, q. 186 a. 10 ad 2</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3783 secundum dicendum quod Iosaphat etiam, cui verba illa dicuntur, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3784 ex malitia, sed ex quadam infirmitate humanae affectionis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3785 peccavit.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3786 <p title="II-II q. 186 a. 10 ad 3"><a name="46502"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3787 "ref">[46502] IIª-IIae, q. 186 a. 10 ad 3</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3788 tertium dicendum quod iusti non de facili peccant ex contemptu sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3789 quandoque labuntur in aliquod peccatum ex ignorantia vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3790 infirmitate, a quo de facili relevantur. Si autem ad hoc perveniant
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3791 quod ex contemptu peccent, efficiuntur pessimi et maxime
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3792 incorrigibiles, secundum illud Ierem. II, <i>confregisti iugum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3793 diripuisti vincula, dixisti, non serviam. In omni colle sublimi, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3794 sub omni ligno frondoso, tu prosternebaris meretrix</i>. Unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3795 Augustinus dicit, in epistola ad plebem Hipponens., <i>ex quo Deo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3796 servire coepi, quomodo difficile sum expertus meliores quam qui in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3797 monasteriis profecerunt, ita non sum expertus peiores quam qui in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3798 monasteriis ceciderunt</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3799 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3800 <div class="D">Quaestio 187</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3801 <div class="G">Prooemium</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3802 <p title="II-II q. 187 pr."><a name="46503"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3803 "ref">[46503] IIª-IIae, q. 187 pr.</span></a> Deinde
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3804 considerandum est de his quae competunt religiosis. Et circa hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3805 quaeruntur sex. Primo, utrum liceat eis docere, praedicare, et alia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3806 huiusmodi facere. Secundo, utrum liceat eis de negotiis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3807 saecularibus se intromittere. Tertio, utrum teneantur manibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3808 operari. Quarto, utrum liceat eis de eleemosynis vivere. Quinto,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3809 utrum liceat eis mendicare. Sexto, utrum liceat eis vestimenta
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3810 ceteris viliora deferre.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3811 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3812 <div class="E">Articulus 1</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3813 <p title="II-II q. 187 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="46504"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3814 "ref">[46504] IIª-IIae, q. 187 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3815 primum sic proceditur. Videtur quod religiosis non liceat docere,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3816 praedicare, et alia huiusmodi facere. Dicitur enim VII, qu. I, in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3817 quodam statuto Constantinopolitanae synodi, <i>monachorum vita
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3818 subiectionis habet verbum et discipulatus, non docendi, vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3819 praesidendi, vel pascendi alios</i>. Hieronymus etiam dicit, ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3820 Riparium et desiderium, <i>monachus non doctoris, sed plangentis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3821 habet officium</i>. Leo etiam Papa dicit, ut habetur XVI, qu. I,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3822 <i>praeter domini sacerdotes, nullus audeat praedicare, sive
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3823 monachus sive laicus ille sit qui cuiuslibet scientiae nomine
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3824 gloriatur</i>. Sed non licet transgredi proprium officium et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3825 statutum Ecclesiae. Ergo videtur quod religiosis non liceat docere,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3826 praedicare, et alia huiusmodi facere.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3827 <p title="II-II q. 187 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="46505"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3828 "ref">[46505] IIª-IIae, q. 187 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3829 Praeterea, in statuto Nicaenae synodi, quod ponitur XVI, qu. I, sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3830 dicitur, <i>firmiter et indissolubiliter omnibus praecipimus, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3831 aliquis monachus poenitentiam nemini tribuat, nisi invicem sibi, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3832 iustum est. Mortuum non sepeliat, nisi monachum secum in monasterio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3833 commorantem, vel si fortuito quemcumque advenientium fratrum ibi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3834 mori contigerit</i>. Sed sicut ista pertinent ad officium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3835 clericorum, ita etiam praedicare et docere. Ergo, cum alia sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3836 causa monachi, et alia clerici, sicut Hieronymus dicit, ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3837 Heliodorum; videtur quod non liceat religiosis praedicare et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3838 docere, et alia huiusmodi facere.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3839 <p title="II-II q. 187 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="46506"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3840 "ref">[46506] IIª-IIae, q. 187 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3841 Praeterea, Gregorius dicit, in Regist., <i>nemo potest
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3842 ecclesiasticis obsequiis deservire, et in monastica regula ordinate
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3843 persistere</i>, et habetur XVI, qu. I. Sed monachi tenentur in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3844 monastica regula ordinate persistere. Ergo videtur quod non possint
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3845 ecclesiasticis obsequiis deservire. Docere autem et praedicare
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3846 pertinent ad ecclesiastica obsequia. Ergo videtur quod non liceat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3847 eis praedicare aut docere, aut aliquid huiusmodi facere.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3848 <p title="II-II q. 187 a. 1 s. c."><a name="46507"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3849 "ref">[46507] IIª-IIae, q. 187 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3850 contra est quod Gregorius dicit, et habetur causa et quaestione
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3851 eadem, <i>ex auctoritate huius decreti, quod apostolico moderamine
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3852 et pietatis officio a nobis est constitutum, sacerdotibus monachis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3853 apostolorum figuram tenentibus, liceat praedicare, baptizare,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3854 communionem dare, pro peccatoribus orare, poenitentiam imponere,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3855 atque peccata solvere</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3856 <p title="II-II q. 187 a. 1 co."><a name="46508"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3857 "ref">[46508] IIª-IIae, q. 187 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3858 dicendum quod aliquid dicitur non licere alicui dupliciter. Uno
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3859 modo, quia habet in se quod contrariatur ei quod dicitur non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3860 licere, sicut nulli homini licet peccare, quia habet in se quilibet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3861 homo rationem et obligationem ad legem Dei, quibus contrariatur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3862 peccatum. Et hoc modo dicitur alicui non licere praedicare vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3863 docere, vel aliquid huiusmodi facere, quia habet in se aliquid quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3864 his repugnat, vel ratione praecepti, sicut his qui sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3865 irregulares, ex statuto Ecclesiae, non licet ascendere ad sacros
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3866 ordines; vel propter peccatum, secundum illud Psalmi, <i>peccatori
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3867 autem dixit Deus, quare tu enarras iustitias meas?</i> Hoc autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3868 modo, non est illicitum religiosis praedicare, docere, et alia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3869 huiusmodi facere. Tum quia ex voto vel praecepto regulae non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3870 obligantur ad hoc quod ab his abstineant. Tum etiam quia non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3871 redduntur ad haec minus idonei ex aliquo peccato commisso, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3872 magis idonei, ex exercitio sanctitatis quod assumpserunt. Stultum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3873 autem est dicere ut per hoc quod aliquis in sanctitate promovetur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3874 efficiatur minus idoneus ad spiritualia officia exercenda. Et ideo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3875 stulta est quorundam opinio dicentium quod ipse status religionis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3876 impedimentum affert talia exequendi. Quorum errorem Bonifacius Papa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3877 rationibus supra dictis excludit, dicens, ut habetur XVI, qu. I,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3878 <i>sunt nonnulli, nullo dogmate fulti, audacissimo quidem zelo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3879 magis amaritudinis quam dilectionis inflammati, asserentes
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3880 monachos, quia mundo mortui sunt et Deo vivunt, sacerdotalis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3881 officii potentia indignos. Sed omnino labuntur</i>. Quod ostendit,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3882 primo quidem, quia non contrariatur regulae, subdit enim, <i>neque
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3883 enim beatus Benedictus, monachorum praeceptor almificus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3884 huiuscemodi rei aliquo modo fuit interdictor</i>. Et similiter nec
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3885 in aliis regulis hoc prohibetur. Secundo improbat praedictum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3886 errorem ex idoneitate monachorum, cum in fine capituli subdit,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3887 <i>quanto quisque est excellentior, tanto et in illis</i>, scilicet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3888 spiritualibus operibus, <i>potentior</i>. Alio modo dicitur aliquid
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3889 non licere alicui, non propter contrarium quod habeat, sed propter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3890 hoc quod ei deficit unde illud possit, sicut diacono non licet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3891 Missam celebrare, quia non habet ordinem sacerdotalem; et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3892 presbytero non licet sententiam ferre, quia non habet episcopalem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3893 auctoritatem. In quibus tamen est distinguendum. Quia ea quae sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3894 ordinis, committi non possunt nisi ei qui ordinem habet, sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3895 diacono non potest committi quod celebret Missam, nisi fiat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3896 sacerdos. Ea vero quae sunt iurisdictionis, committi possunt eis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3897 qui non habent ordinariam iurisdictionem, sicut prolatio sententiae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3898 committitur ab episcopo simplici sacerdoti. Et hoc modo dicitur non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3899 licere monachis et aliis religiosis praedicare, docere, et alia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3900 huiusmodi facere, quia status religionis non dat eis potestatem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3901 haec faciendi. Possunt tamen ista facere si ordinem accipiant vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3902 ordinariam iurisdictionem, aut etiam si eis committantur ea quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3903 sunt iurisdictionis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3904 <p title="II-II q. 187 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="46509"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3905 "ref">[46509] IIª-IIae, q. 187 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3906 ergo dicendum quod ex verbis illis habetur quod monachi, ex hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3907 quod sunt monachi, non nanciscuntur potestatem talia faciendi, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3908 autem quod ex hoc quod sunt monachi, habeant aliquid contrarium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3909 executioni talium actuum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3910 <p title="II-II q. 187 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="46510"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3911 "ref">[46510] IIª-IIae, q. 187 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3912 secundum dicendum quod illud etiam statutum Nicaeni Concilii
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3913 praecipit ut monachi non usurpent sibi, ex hoc quod sunt monachi,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3914 potestatem huiusmodi actus exercendi. Non autem prohibet quin ista
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3915 possint eis committi.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3916 <p title="II-II q. 187 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="46511"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3917 "ref">[46511] IIª-IIae, q. 187 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3918 dicendum quod ista duo se non compatiuntur, quod aliquis ordinariam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3919 curam ecclesiasticorum officiorum habeat, et monasticam regulam in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3920 monasterio servet. Per hoc tamen non excluditur quin monachi et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3921 alii religiosi possint interdum circa ecclesiastica officia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3922 occupari ex commissione praelatorum qui ordinariam curam habent, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3923 praecipue illi quorum religiones ad hoc sunt specialiter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3924 institutae, ut infra dicetur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3925 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3926 <div class="E">Articulus 2</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3927 <p title="II-II q. 187 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="46512"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3928 "ref">[46512] IIª-IIae, q. 187 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3929 secundum sic proceditur. Videtur quod religiosis non liceat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3930 saecularia negotia tractare. Dicitur enim in praedicto decreto
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3931 Bonifacii Papae quod <i>beatus Benedictus eos saecularium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3932 negotiorum edixit expertes fore. Quod quidem apostolicis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3933 documentis, et omnium sanctorum patrum institutis, non solum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3934 monachis, sed etiam canonicis omnibus imperatur</i>, secundum illud
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3935 II ad Tim. II, <i>nemo militans Deo implicat se saecularibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3936 negotiis</i>. Sed omnibus religiosis imminet quod militent Deo.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3937 Ergo non licet eis saecularia negotia exercere.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3938 <p title="II-II q. 187 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="46513"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3939 "ref">[46513] IIª-IIae, q. 187 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3940 Praeterea, I ad Thessal. IV, dicit apostolus, <i>operam detis ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3941 quieti sitis, et ut negotium vestrum agatis</i>, Glossa,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3942 <i>dimissis alienis, quod vobis utile est in emendationem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3943 vitae</i>. Sed religiosi specialiter assumunt studium emendationis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3944 vitae. Ergo non debent saecularia negotia exercere.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3945 <p title="II-II q. 187 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="46514"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3946 "ref">[46514] IIª-IIae, q. 187 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3947 Praeterea, super illud Matth. I, <i>ecce qui mollibus vestiuntur in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3948 domibus regum sunt</i>, dicit Hieronymus, <i>ex hoc ostendit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3949 rigidam vitam et austeram praedicationem vitare debere aulas regum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3950 et mollium hominum palatia declinare</i>. Sed necessitas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3951 saecularium negotiorum ingerit hominem ad frequentandum regum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3952 palatia. Ergo non licet religiosis aliqua negotia saecularia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3953 pertractare.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3954 <p title="II-II q. 187 a. 2 s. c."><a name="46515"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3955 "ref">[46515] IIª-IIae, q. 187 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3956 contra est quod apostolus dicit, Rom. ult., <i>commendo vobis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3957 Phoeben, sororem nostram</i>, et postea subdit, <i>et assistatis ei
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3958 in quocumque negotio vestri indiguerit</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3959 <p title="II-II q. 187 a. 2 co."><a name="46516"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3960 "ref">[46516] IIª-IIae, q. 187 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3961 dicendum quod, sicut supra dictum est, status religionis est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3962 ordinatus ad perfectionem caritatis consequendam. Ad quam quidem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3963 principaliter pertinet Dei dilectio, secundario autem dilectio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3964 proximi. Et ideo religiosi praecipue et propter se debent intendere
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3965 ad hoc quod Deo vacent. Si autem necessitas proximis immineat,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3966 eorum negotia ex caritate agere debent, secundum illud Galat. VI,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3967 <i>alter alterius onera portate, et sic adimplebitis legem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3968 Christi</i>, quia et in hoc ipso quod proximis serviunt propter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3969 Deum, dilectioni divinae obsequuntur. Unde dicitur Iac. I,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3970 <i>religio munda et immaculata apud Deum et patrem haec est,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3971 visitare pupillos et viduas in tribulatione eorum</i>, Glossa,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3972 idest, <i>succurrere eis qui carent praesidio in tempore
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3973 necessitatis</i>. Est ergo dicendum quod causa cupiditatis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3974 saecularia negotia gerere nec monachis nec clericis licet. Causa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3975 vero caritatis se negotiis saecularibus, cum debita moderatione,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3976 ingerere possunt, secundum superioris licentiam, et ministrando et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3977 dirigendo. Unde dicitur in decretis, dist. LXXXVIII, <i>decrevit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3978 sancta synodus nullum deinceps clericum aut possessiones conducere,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3979 aut negotiis saecularibus se permiscere, nisi propter curam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3980 pupillorum aut orphanorum aut viduarum, aut si forte episcopus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3981 civitatis ecclesiasticarum rerum sollicitudinem eum habere
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3982 praecipiat</i>. Eadem autem ratio est de religiosis et clericis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3983 quia utrisque similiter negotia saecularia interdicuntur, ut dictum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3984 est.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3985 <p title="II-II q. 187 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="46517"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3986 "ref">[46517] IIª-IIae, q. 187 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3987 ergo dicendum quod monachis interdicuntur tractare saecularia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3988 negotia propter cupiditatem, non autem propter caritatem.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3989 <p title="II-II q. 187 a. 2 ad 2"><a name="46518"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3990 "ref">[46518] IIª-IIae, q. 187 a. 2 ad 2</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3991 secundum dicendum quod non est curiositas, sed caritas, si propter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3992 necessitatem aliquis se negotiis immisceat.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3993 <p title="II-II q. 187 a. 2 ad 3"><a name="46519"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3994 "ref">[46519] IIª-IIae, q. 187 a. 2 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3995 dicendum quod frequentare palatia regum propter delicias vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3996 gloriam vel cupiditatem, non competit religiosis, sed ea adire
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3997 propter pias causas competit eis. Unde dicitur IV Reg. IV, quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3998 Eliseus dixit ad mulierem, <i>nunquid habes negotium, et vis ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3999 loquar regi vel principi militiae?</i> Similiter etiam convenit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4000 religiosis adire regum palatia ad eos arguendos et dirigendos,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4001 sicut Ioannes Baptista arguebat Herodem, ut dicitur Matth. XIV.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4002 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4003 <div class="E">Articulus 3</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4004 <p title="II-II q. 187 a. 3 arg. 1"><a name="46520"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4005 "ref">[46520] IIª-IIae, q. 187 a. 3 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4006 tertium sic proceditur. Videtur quod religiosi manibus operari
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4007 teneantur. Non enim excusantur religiosi ab observantia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4008 praeceptorum. Sed operari manibus est in praecepto, secundum illud
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4009 I ad Thess. IV, <i>operemini manibus vestris, sicut praecepimus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4010 vobis</i>. Unde et Augustinus, in libro de operibus Monach., dicit,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4011 <i>ceterum quis ferat homines contumaces</i>, idest religiosos non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4012 operantes, de quibus ibi loquitur, <i>saluberrimis apostoli monitis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4013 resistentes, non sicut infirmiores tolerari, sed sicut sanctiores
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4014 praedicari?</i> Ergo videtur quod religiosi teneantur manibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4015 operari.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4016 <p title="II-II q. 187 a. 3 arg. 2"><a name="46521"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4017 "ref">[46521] IIª-IIae, q. 187 a. 3 arg. 2</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4018 Praeterea, II ad Thess. III, super illud, si quis non vult operari,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4019 nec manducet, dicit Glossa, <i>dicunt quidam de operibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4020 spiritualibus hoc apostolum praecepisse non de opere corporali, in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4021 quo agricolae vel opifices laborant</i>; et infra, <i>sed superfluo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4022 conantur et sibi et ceteris caliginem adducere, ut quod utiliter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4023 caritas monet, non solum facere nolint, sed nec etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4024 intelligere</i>; et infra, <i>vult servos Dei corporaliter operari
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4025 unde vivant</i>. Sed praecipue religiosi servi Dei nominantur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4026 utpote se totaliter divino servitio mancipantes, sicut patet per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4027 Dionysium, VI cap. Eccles. Hier. Ergo videtur quod teneantur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4028 manibus operari.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4029 <p title="II-II q. 187 a. 3 arg. 3"><a name="46522"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4030 "ref">[46522] IIª-IIae, q. 187 a. 3 arg. 3</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4031 Praeterea, Augustinus dicit, in libro de operibus Monach., <i>quid
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4032 agant qui operari corporaliter nolunt, scire desidero. Orationibus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4033 inquiunt, et Psalmis, et lectionibus et verbo Dei</i>. Sed quod per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4034 ista non excusentur, ostendit per singula. Nam primo, de oratione
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4035 dicit, <i>citius exauditur una obedientis oratio quam decem millia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4036 contemptoris</i>, illos contemptores intelligens et indignos
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4037 exaudiri, qui manibus non operantur. Secundo, de divinis laudibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4038 subdit, <i>cantica vero divina cantare etiam manibus operantes
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4039 facile possunt</i>. Tertio, subiungit de lectione, <i>qui autem se
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4040 dicunt vacare lectioni, nonne illic inveniunt quod praecipit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4041 apostolus? Quae est ergo ista perversitas, lectioni nolle
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4042 obtemperare, dum vult ei vacare?</i> Quarto, subiungit de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4043 praedicatione, <i>si autem alicui sermo erogandus est, et ita
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4044 occupat ut manibus operari non vacet, nunquid hoc omnes in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4045 monasterio possunt? Quando ergo non omnes possunt, cur sub hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4046 obtentu omnes vacare volunt? Quanquam, si omnes possent,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4047 vicissitudine facere deberent, non solum ut ceteri necessariis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4048 operibus occuparentur, sed etiam quia sufficit ut multis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4049 audientibus unus loquatur</i>. Ergo videtur quod religiosi non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4050 debent cessare ab opere manuali propter huiusmodi opera spiritualia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4051 quibus vacant.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4052 <p title="II-II q. 187 a. 3 arg. 4"><a name="46523"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4053 "ref">[46523] IIª-IIae, q. 187 a. 3 arg. 4</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4054 Praeterea, Luc. XII, super illud, vendite quae possidetis etc.,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4055 dicit Glossa, <i>non tantum cibos vestros communicate pauperibus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4056 sed etiam vendite possessiones vestras, ut, omnibus vestris semel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4057 pro domino spretis, postea labore manuum operemini unde vivatis vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4058 eleemosynam faciatis</i>. Sed ad religiosos pertinet proprie omnia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4059 sua relinquere. Ergo videtur quod etiam eorum sit de labore manuum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4060 suarum vivere et eleemosynas facere.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4061 <p title="II-II q. 187 a. 3 arg. 5"><a name="46524"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4062 "ref">[46524] IIª-IIae, q. 187 a. 3 arg. 5</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4063 Praeterea, religiosi praecipue videntur teneri apostolorum vitam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4064 imitari, quia statum perfectionis profitentur. Sed apostoli manibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4065 propriis laborabant, secundum illud I ad Cor. IV, laboramus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4066 operantes manibus nostris. Ergo videtur quod religiosi teneantur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4067 manibus operari.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4068 <p title="II-II q. 187 a. 3 s. c."><a name="46525"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4069 "ref">[46525] IIª-IIae, q. 187 a. 3 s. c.</span></a> Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4070 contra, ad praecepta observanda quae communiter omnibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4071 proponuntur, eodem modo tenentur religiosi et saeculares. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4072 praeceptum de opere manuali communiter omnibus proponitur, ut patet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4073 II ad Thess. III, <i>subtrahatis vos ab omni fratre ambulante
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4074 inordinate</i>, etc. (fratrem autem nominat quemlibet Christianum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4075 sicut et I ad Cor. VII, si quis frater habet uxorem infidelem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4076 etc.); et ibidem dicitur, si quis non vult operari, nec manducet.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4077 Non ergo religiosi magis tenentur manibus operari quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4078 saeculares.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4079 <p title="II-II q. 187 a. 3 co."><a name="46526"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4080 "ref">[46526] IIª-IIae, q. 187 a. 3 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4081 dicendum quod labor manualis ad quatuor ordinatur. Primo quidem, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4082 principaliter, ad victum quaerendum. Unde primo homini dictum est,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4083 <i>in sudore vultus tui vesceris pane tuo</i>. Et in Psalmo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4084 labores manuum tuarum quia manducabis, et cetera. Secundo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4085 ordinatur ad tollendum otium, ex quo multa mala oriuntur. Unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4086 dicitur Eccli. XXXIII, <i>mittes servum in operationem, ne vacet,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4087 multam enim malitiam docuit otiositas</i>. Tertio, ordinatur ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4088 concupiscentiae refrenationem, inquantum per hoc maceratur corpus.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4089 Unde II ad Cor. VI, dicitur, <i>in laboribus, in ieiuniis, in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4090 vigiliis, in castitate</i>. Quarto autem, ordinatur ad eleemosynas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4091 faciendas. Unde dicitur, ad Ephes. IV, <i>qui furabatur, iam non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4092 furetur, magis autem laboret, operando manibus suis quod bonum est,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4093 ut habeat unde tribuat necessitatem patienti</i>. Secundum ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4094 quod labor manualis ordinatur ad victum quaerendum, cadit sub
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4095 necessitate praecepti prout est necessarium ad talem finem, quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4096 enim ordinatur ad finem, a fine necessitatem habet; ut scilicet in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4097 tantum sit necessarium in quantum sine eo finis esse non potest. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4098 ideo qui non habet aliunde unde possit vivere, tenetur manibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4099 operari, cuiuscumque sit conditionis. Et hoc significant verba
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4100 apostoli dicentis, <i>qui non vult operari, nec manducet</i>, quasi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4101 diceret, ea necessitate tenetur aliquis ad manibus operandum, qua
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4102 tenetur ad manducandum. Unde si quis absque manducatione posset
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4103 vitam transigere, non teneretur manibus operari. Et eadem ratio est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4104 de illis qui habent alias unde licite vivere possint. Non enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4105 intelligitur aliquis posse facere quod non licite facere potest.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4106 Unde et apostolus non invenitur opus manuum praecepisse nisi ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4107 excludendum peccatum eorum qui illicite victum acquirebant. Nam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4108 primo quidem praecepit apostolus opus manuale ad evitandum furtum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4109 ut patet ad Ephes. IV, <i>qui furabatur, iam non furetur, magis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4110 autem laboret operando manibus suis</i>. Secundo, ad vitandum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4111 cupiditatem alienarum rerum, unde dicit, I ad Thess. IV,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4112 <i>operemini manibus vestris, sicut praecepimus vobis, ut honeste
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4113 ambuletis ad illos qui foris sunt</i>. Tertio, ad evitandum turpia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4114 negotia, ex quibus aliqui victum acquirunt, unde II ad Thess. III,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4115 dicit, <i>cum essemus apud vos, hoc denuntiabamus vobis, quoniam si
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4116 quis non vult operari, non manducet. Audivimus enim quosdam inter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4117 vos ambulare inquiete, nihil operantes, sed curiose agentes</i>,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4118 Glossa, qui foeda cura necessaria sibi provident. <i>His autem qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4119 huiusmodi sunt, denuntiamus et obsecramus ut cum silentio operantes
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4120 panem suum manducent</i>. Unde Hieronymus dicit, super Epist. ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4121 Galat., quod apostolus hoc dixit non tam officio docentis quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4122 vitio gentis. Sciendum tamen quod sub opere manuali intelliguntur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4123 omnia humana officia ex quibus homines licite victum lucrantur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4124 sive manibus, sive pedibus, sive lingua fiant, vigiles enim et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4125 cursores, et alia huiusmodi de suo labore viventes, intelliguntur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4126 de operibus manuum vivere. Quia enim manus est organum organorum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4127 per opus manuum omnis operatio intelligitur de qua aliquis potest
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4128 licite victum lucrari. Secundum autem quod opus manuale ordinatur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4129 ad otium tollendum, vel ad corporis macerationem, non cadit sub
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4130 necessitate praecepti secundum se consideratum, quia multis aliis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4131 modis potest vel caro macerari, vel etiam otium tolli, quam per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4132 opus manuale. Maceratur enim caro per ieiunia et vigilias. Et otium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4133 tollitur per meditationes sanctarum Scripturarum et laudes divinas,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4134 unde super illud Psalmi, defecerunt oculi mei in eloquium tuum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4135 dicit Glossa, <i>non est otiosus qui verbo Dei tantum studet, nec
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4136 pluris est qui extra operatur quam qui studium cognoscendae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4137 veritatis exercet</i>. Et ideo propter has causas religiosi non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4138 tenentur ad opera manualia, sicut nec saeculares, nisi forte ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4139 haec per statuta sui ordinis obligentur; sicut Hieronymus dicit, in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4140 epistola ad rusticum monachum, <i>Aegyptiorum monasteria hunc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4141 tenent morem, ut nullum absque opere aut labore suscipiant, non tam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4142 propter victus necessitatem quam propter animae salutem, ne
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4143 vagentur perniciosis cogitationibus</i>. Inquantum vero opus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4144 manuale ordinatur ad eleemosynas faciendas, non cadit sub
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4145 necessitate praecepti, nisi forte in aliquo casu in quo ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4146 necessitate aliquis eleemosynas facere teneretur, et non posset
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4147 alias habere unde pauperibus subveniret. In quo casu obligarentur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4148 similiter religiosi et saeculares ad opera manualia exequenda.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4149 <p title="II-II q. 187 a. 3 ad 1"><a name="46527"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4150 "ref">[46527] IIª-IIae, q. 187 a. 3 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4151 ergo dicendum quod illud praeceptum quod ab apostolo proponitur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4152 est de iure naturali. Unde super illud II ad Thess. III <i>ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4153 subtrahatis vos ab omni fratre inordinate ambulante</i>, dicit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4154 Glossa, <i>aliter quam ordo naturae exigit</i>, loquitur autem ibi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4155 de his qui ab opere manuali cessabant. Unde et natura manus homini
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4156 dedit loco armorum et tegumentorum, quae aliis animalibus tribuit,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4157 ut scilicet per manus haec et omnia necessaria conquirant. Ex quo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4158 patet quod communiter ad hoc praeceptum tenentur et religiosi et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4159 saeculares, sicut ad omnia alia legis naturalis praecepta. Non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4160 tamen peccant quicumque manibus non operantur. Quia ad illa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4161 praecepta legis naturae quae pertinent ad bonum multorum, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4162 tenentur singuli, sed sufficit quod unus vacet huic officio, alius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4163 alii, puta quod quidam sint opifices, quidam agricolae, quidam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4164 iudices, quidam doctores, et sic de aliis; secundum illud apostoli,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4165 I ad Cor. XII. <i>Si totum corpus oculus, ubi auditus? Et si totum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4166 auditus, ubi odoratus?</i></p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4167 <p title="II-II q. 187 a. 3 ad 2"><a name="46528"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4168 "ref">[46528] IIª-IIae, q. 187 a. 3 ad 2</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4169 secundum dicendum quod Glossa illa sumitur ab Augustino, in libro
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4170 de operibus Monach., in quo loquitur contra monachos quosdam qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4171 dicebant non esse licitum servis Dei manibus operari, propter hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4172 quod dominus dicit, Matth. VI, <i>nolite solliciti esse animae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4173 vestrae, quid manducetis</i>. Nec tamen per haec verba inducitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4174 necessitas religiosis manibus operandi, si habent aliunde unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4175 vivere possint. Quod patet per hoc quod subdit, <i>vult servos Dei
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4176 corporaliter operari unde vivant</i>. Hoc autem non magis pertinet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4177 ad religiosos quam ad saeculares. Quod patet ex duobus. Primo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4178 quidem, ex ipso modo loquendi quo apostolus utitur, dicens,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4179 <i>subtrahatis vos ab omni fratre ambulante inordinate</i>. Fratres
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4180 enim omnes Christianos vocat, nondum enim erant tunc temporis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4181 religiones institutae. Secundo, quia religiosi non tenentur ad alia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4182 quam saeculares nisi propter regulae professionem. Et ideo, si in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4183 statutis regulae non contineatur aliquid de opere manuali, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4184 tenentur aliter ad operandum manibus religiosi quam saeculares.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4185 <p title="II-II q. 187 a. 3 ad 3"><a name="46529"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4186 "ref">[46529] IIª-IIae, q. 187 a. 3 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4187 dicendum quod illis operibus spiritualibus quae ibi tangit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4188 Augustinus, potest aliquis vocare dupliciter, uno modo, quasi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4189 deserviens utilitati communi; alio modo, quasi insistens utilitati
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4190 privatae. Illi ergo qui praedictis spiritualibus operibus publice
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4191 vacant, excusantur per huiusmodi opera spiritualia ab opere
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4192 manuali, duplici ratione. Primo quidem, quia oportet eos totaliter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4193 esse occupatos circa huiusmodi opera. Secundo, quia huiusmodi opera
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4194 exercentibus debetur subministratio victus ab his quorum utilitati
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4195 deserviunt. Illi vero qui praedictis operibus non quasi publicis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4196 sed quasi privatis vacant, nec oportet quod per huiusmodi opera a
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4197 manualibus operibus abstrahantur, nec etiam fit eis debitum ut de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4198 stipendiis fidelium vivant. Et de talibus loquitur Augustinus. Quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4199 enim dicit, <i>cantica divina decantare manibus operantes
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4200 possunt</i>, exemplo opificum, qui fabulis linguas dant cum tamen
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4201 manus ab opere non recedant, manifestum est quod non potest
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4202 intelligi de his qui horas canonicas in Ecclesia decantant; sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4203 intelligitur de his qui Psalmos vel hymnos dicunt quasi privatas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4204 orationes. Similiter quod dicit de lectione et oratione, referendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4205 est ad orationes et lectiones privatas, quas etiam laici interdum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4206 faciunt, non autem ad illos qui publicas orationes in Ecclesia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4207 faciunt, vel etiam publicas lectiones in scholis legunt. Unde non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4208 dicit, qui dicunt se vacare doctrinae vel instructioni, sed, qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4209 dicunt se vacare lectioni. Similiter autem de praedicatione
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4210 loquitur, non quae fit publice ad populum, sed quae specialiter fit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4211 ad unum vel paucos per modum privatae admonitionis. Unde signanter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4212 dicit, si alicui sermo erogandus est, nam, sicut Glossa dicit, I ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4213 Cor. II, <i>sermo est qui privatim fit, praedicatio quae fit in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4214 communi</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4215 <p title="II-II q. 187 a. 3 ad 4"><a name="46530"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4216 "ref">[46530] IIª-IIae, q. 187 a. 3 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4217 dicendum quod illi qui omnia propter Deum spernunt, tenentur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4218 manibus operari quando non habent alias unde vivant, vel unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4219 eleemosynas faciant in casu in quo facere eleemosynam cadit sub
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4220 praecepto, non autem aliter, ut dictum est. Et secundum hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4221 loquitur Glossa inducta.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4222 <p title="II-II q. 187 a. 3 ad 5"><a name="46531"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4223 "ref">[46531] IIª-IIae, q. 187 a. 3 ad 5</span></a> Ad quintum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4224 dicendum quod hoc quod apostoli manibus laboraverunt, quandoque
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4225 quidem fuit necessitatis, quandoque vero supererogationis.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4226 Necessitatis quidem, quando ab aliis victum invenire non poterant,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4227 unde super illud I ad Cor. IV, <i>laboramus operantes manibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4228 nostris, dicit Glossa</i>, quia nemo dat nobis. Supererogationis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4229 autem, ut patet per id quod habetur I ad Cor. IX, ubi dicit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4230 apostolus quod <i>non usus est potestate quam habebat vivendi de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4231 Evangelio</i>. Hac autem supererogatione utebatur apostolus tribus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4232 de causis. Primo quidem, ut occasionem praedicandi auferret
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4233 pseudoapostolis, qui propter sola temporalia praedicabant. Unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4234 dicit, II ad Cor. XI, <i>quod autem facio, et faciam, ut amputem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4235 eorum occasionem,</i> et cetera. Secundo, ad evitandum gravamen
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4236 eorum quibus praedicabat. Unde dicit, II ad Cor. XII, <i>quid minus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4237 habuistis prae ceteris Ecclesiis, nisi quod ego ipse non gravavi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4238 vos?</i> Tertio, ad dandum exemplum operandi otiosis. Unde II ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4239 Thess. III, dicit, <i>nocte et die operantes, ut formam daremus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4240 vobis ad imitandum nos</i>. Quod tamen apostolus non faciebat in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4241 locis in quibus habebat facultatem quotidie praedicandi, sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4242 Athenis, ut Augustinus dicit, in libro de operibus monachorum. Non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4243 autem propter hoc religiosi tenentur apostolum in hoc imitari, cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4244 non teneantur ad omnes supererogationes. Unde nec alii apostoli
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4245 manibus operabantur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4246 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4247 <div class="E">Articulus 4</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4248 <p title="II-II q. 187 a. 4 arg. 1"><a name="46532"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4249 "ref">[46532] IIª-IIae, q. 187 a. 4 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4250 quartum sic proceditur. Videtur quod religiosis non liceat de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4251 eleemosynis vivere. Apostolus enim, I ad Tim. V, praecipit ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4252 viduae quae possunt aliunde sustentari, non vivant de eleemosynis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4253 Ecclesiae, ut Ecclesia sufficiat illis quae vere viduae sunt. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4254 Hieronymus dicit, ad Damasum Papam, quod <i>qui bonis parentum et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4255 opibus sustentari possunt, si quod pauperum est accipiunt,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4256 sacrilegium profecto committunt, et per abusionem talium iudicium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4257 sibi manducant et bibunt</i>. Sed religiosi possunt de labore
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4258 manuum sustentari, si sint validi. Ergo videtur quod peccent
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4259 eleemosynas pauperum comedendo.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4260 <p title="II-II q. 187 a. 4 arg. 2"><a name="46533"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4261 "ref">[46533] IIª-IIae, q. 187 a. 4 arg. 2</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4262 Praeterea, vivere de sumptibus fidelium est merces deputata
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4263 praedicantibus Evangelium pro suo labore vel opere, secundum illud
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4264 Matth. X, dignus est operarius cibo suo. Sed praedicare Evangelium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4265 non pertinet ad religiosos, sed maxime ad praelatos, qui sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4266 pastores et doctores. Ergo religiosi non possunt licite vivere de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4267 eleemosynis fidelium.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4268 <p title="II-II q. 187 a. 4 arg. 3"><a name="46534"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4269 "ref">[46534] IIª-IIae, q. 187 a. 4 arg. 3</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4270 Praeterea, religiosi sunt in statu perfectionis. Sed perfectius est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4271 dare eleemosynas quam accipere, dicitur enim Act. XX, beatius est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4272 magis dare quam accipere. Ergo non debent de eleemosynis vivere,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4273 sed magis ex operibus manuum suarum eleemosynas dare.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4274 <p title="II-II q. 187 a. 4 arg. 4"><a name="46535"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4275 "ref">[46535] IIª-IIae, q. 187 a. 4 arg. 4</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4276 Praeterea, ad religiosos pertinet impedimenta virtutis et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4277 occasiones peccati vitare. Sed acceptio eleemosynarum praebet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4278 occasionem peccati, et impedit virtutis actum. Unde super illud II
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4279 ad Thess. ult., ut nosmetipsos formam daremus vobis etc., dicit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4280 Glossa, <i>qui frequenter ad alienam mensam comedit otio deditus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4281 aduletur necesse est pascenti se</i>. Dicitur etiam Exod. XXIII,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4282 <i>ne accipias munera, quae excaecant prudentes et mutant verba
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4283 iustorum</i>. Et Prov. XXII dicitur, qui accipit mutuum, servus est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4284 faenerantis, quod est religioni contrarium, unde super illud II ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4285 Thess. III, ut nosmetipsos formam daremus etc., dicit Glossa,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4286 <i>religio nostra ad libertatem homines advocat</i>. Ergo videtur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4287 quod religiosi non debeant de eleemosynis vivere.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4288 <p title="II-II q. 187 a. 4 arg. 5"><a name="46536"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4289 "ref">[46536] IIª-IIae, q. 187 a. 4 arg. 5</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4290 Praeterea, religiosi praecipue tenentur imitari apostolorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4291 perfectionem, unde apostolus dicit, ad Philipp. III, <i>quicumque
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4292 perfecti sumus, hoc sentiamus</i>. Sed apostolus nolebat vivere de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4293 sumptibus fidelium, ut occasionem auferret pseudoapostolis, sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4294 ipse dicit, II ad Cor. XI, et ne scandalum poneretur infirmis, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4295 patet I ad Cor. IX. Ergo videtur quod propter easdem causas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4296 religiosi debeant abstinere ne de eleemosynis vivant. Unde et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4297 Augustinus dicit, in libro de operibus Monach., <i>amputetis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4298 occasionem turpium nundinarum, quibus existimatio vestra laeditur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4299 et infirmis offendiculum ponitur, et ostendite hominibus non vos in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4300 otio facilem victum, sed per angustam et arctam viam regnum Dei
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4301 quaerere</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4302 <p title="II-II q. 187 a. 4 s. c."><a name="46537"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4303 "ref">[46537] IIª-IIae, q. 187 a. 4 s. c.</span></a> Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4304 contra est quod, sicut Gregorius dicit, in libro Dialog., beatus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4305 Benedictus tribus annis, in specu permanens, de his quae a Romano
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4306 monacho ministrabantur, refectus est, postquam domum parentesque
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4307 reliquerat. Et tamen, validus corpore existens, non legitur de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4308 labore manuum victum quaesivisse. Ergo religiosi licite possunt de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4309 eleemosynis vivere.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4310 <p title="II-II q. 187 a. 4 co."><a name="46538"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4311 "ref">[46538] IIª-IIae, q. 187 a. 4 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4312 dicendum quod unicuique licet vivere de eo quod suum est vel sibi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4313 debitum. Fit autem aliquid alicuius ex liberalitate donantis. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4314 ideo religiosi et clerici quorum monasteriis vel Ecclesiis, ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4315 munificentia principum vel quorumcumque fidelium sunt facultates
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4316 collatae ex quibus sustententur, possunt de eis vivere licite,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4317 absque hoc quod manibus laborent. Et tamen certum est eos de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4318 eleemosynis vivere. Unde et similiter, si aliqua mobilia religiosis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4319 a fidelibus conferantur, possunt de eis licite vivere, stultum est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4320 enim dicere quod aliquis in eleemosynam possit accipere magnas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4321 possessiones, non autem panem vel parvam pecuniam. Sed quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4322 huiusmodi beneficia religiosis videntur esse collata ad hoc quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4323 liberius religiosis actibus insistere possint, quorum cupiunt se
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4324 fore participes qui temporalia subministrant, redderetur eis usus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4325 praedictorum donorum illicitus si ab actibus religiosis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4326 desisterent, quia sic, quantum est de se, defraudarent intentionem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4327 eorum qui talia beneficia contulerunt. Debitum autem est aliquid
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4328 alicui dupliciter. Uno modo, propter necessitatem, quae facit omnia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4329 communia, ut Ambrosius dicit. Et ideo, si religiosi necessitatem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4330 patiantur, licite possunt de eleemosynis vivere. Quae quidem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4331 necessitas potest esse, primo quidem, propter corporis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4332 infirmitatem, ex qua contingit quod non possint sibi labore manuum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4333 victum quaerere. Secundo, si illud quod ex opere manuali
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4334 conquirunt, eis ad victum non sufficiat. Unde Augustinus dicit, in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4335 libro de operibus Monach., quod <i>bona opera fidelium subsidio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4336 supplendorum necessariorum deesse non debent illis servis Dei qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4337 manibus operantur, ut horae quibus ad expediendum animum ita
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4338 vacatur ut illa corporalia opera geri non possint, non opprimant
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4339 egestate</i>. Tertio, propter pristinam conversationem eorum qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4340 non consueverunt manibus laborare. Unde Augustinus dicit, in libro
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4341 de operibus Monach., quod <i>si habebant aliquid in saeculo quo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4342 facile sine opificio sustentarent istam vitam, quod, conversi ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4343 Deum, indigentibus dispertiti sunt; et credenda est eorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4344 infirmitas, et ferenda. Solent enim tales, languidius educati,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4345 laborem operum corporalium sustinere non posse</i>. Alio modo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4346 efficitur aliquid alicui debitum ex eo quod ipse exhibet, sive sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4347 aliquid temporale sive spirituale, secundum illud I ad Cor. IX,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4348 <i>si nos vobis spiritualia seminavimus, non magnum est si carnalia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4349 vestra metamus</i>. Et secundum hoc, quadrupliciter possunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4350 religiosi de eleemosynis vivere quasi sibi debitis. Primo, si
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4351 praedicent auctoritate praelatorum. Secundo, si sint ministri
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4352 altaris. Quia, ut dicitur I ad Cor. IX, <i>qui altari deserviunt,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4353 cum altari participantur, ita et dominus ordinavit his qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4354 Evangelium denuntiant, de Evangelio vivere</i>. Et Augustinus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4355 dicit, in libro de operibus Monach., <i>si Evangelistae sunt,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4356 fateor, habent</i> (potestatem vivendi de sumptibus fidelium),
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4357 <i>si ministri altaris, dispensatores sacramentorum, bene sibi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4358 istam non arrogant, sed plane vindicant potestatem</i>. Et hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4359 ideo, quia sacramentum altaris, ubicumque agatur, commune est toti
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4360 populo fidelium. Tertio, si insistant studio sacrae Scripturae ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4361 communem utilitatem totius Ecclesiae. Unde Hieronymus dicit, contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4362 Vigilantium, <i>haec in Iudaea usque hodie perseverat consuetudo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4363 non solum apud nos sed etiam apud Hebraeos, ut qui in lege domini
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4364 meditantur die ac nocte, et patrem non habent in terra nisi solum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4365 Deum, totius orbis foveantur ministeriis</i>. Quarto, si bona
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4366 temporalia quae habebant monasterio largiuntur, possunt de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4367 eleemosynis monasterio factis vivere. Unde Augustinus dicit, in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4368 libro de operibus Monach., quod <i>his qui, relicta vel distributa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4369 sive ampla sive qualicumque opulentia, inter pauperes Christi pia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4370 et salubri humilitate numerari volunt, vicem sustentandae vitae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4371 eorum res ipsa communis et fraterna caritas debet. Qui laudabiliter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4372 agunt si manibus operentur. Quod si nolint, quis audeat eos cogere?
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4373 Nec est attendendum</i>, ut ibidem subditur, <i>in quibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4374 monasteriis vel in quo loco indigentibus fratribus quisquis hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4375 quod habebat impenderit, omnium enim Christianorum una respublica
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4376 est</i>. Si vero aliqui sint religiosi qui absque necessitate et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4377 utilitate quam afferant, velint otiosi de eleemosynis quae dantur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4378 pauperibus vivere, hoc est eis illicitum. Unde Augustinus dicit, in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4379 libro de operibus Monach., <i>plerumque ad professionem servitutis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4380 Dei ex conditione servili aliqui veniunt, et ex vita rusticana, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4381 ex opificum exercitatione et plebeio labore, de quibus non apparet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4382 utrum ex proposito servitutis Dei venerint, an, vitam inopem et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4383 laboriosam fugientes, vacui pasci atque vestiri velint, et insuper
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4384 honorari a quibus contemni conterique consueverunt. Tales ergo se,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4385 quominus operentur, de infirmitate corporis excusare non possunt,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4386 praeteritae quippe vitae consuetudine convincuntur</i>. Et postea
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4387 subdit, <i>si nolunt operari, nec manducent. Neque propterea ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4388 pietatem divites humiliantur, ut pauperes ad superbiam extollantur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4389 nullo enim modo decet ut in ea vita ubi senatores fiunt laboriosi,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4390 fiant opifices otiosi; et quo veniunt, relictis deliciis suis, qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4391 fuerunt praediorum domini, ibi sint rustici delicati</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4392 <p title="II-II q. 187 a. 4 ad 1"><a name="46539"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4393 "ref">[46539] IIª-IIae, q. 187 a. 4 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4394 ergo dicendum quod auctoritates illae sunt intelligendae tempore
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4395 necessitatis, quando scilicet non posset aliter pauperibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4396 subveniri. Tunc enim tenerentur non solum ab eleemosynis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4397 accipiendis desistere, sed etiam sua, si qua haberent, largiri ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4398 pauperum sustentationem.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4399 <p title="II-II q. 187 a. 4 ad 2"><a name="46540"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4400 "ref">[46540] IIª-IIae, q. 187 a. 4 ad 2</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4401 secundum dicendum quod praelatis competit praedicatio ex officio,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4402 religiosis autem potest competere ex commissione. Et ita, cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4403 laborent in agro dominico, possunt exinde vivere, secundum illud II
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4404 ad Tim. II, <i>laborantem agricolam oportet primum de fructibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4405 percipere</i>; ubi dicit Glossa, scilicet praedicatorem, <i>qui in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4406 agro Ecclesiae ligone verbi Dei excolit corda auditorum</i>.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4407 Possunt etiam de eleemosynis vivere qui praedicatoribus ministrant.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4408 Unde super illud Rom. XV, <i>si spiritualium eorum participes facti
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4409 sunt gentiles</i>, debent et in carnalibus ministrare eis, dicit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4410 Glossa, <i>scilicet Iudaeis, qui miserunt praedicatores ab
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4411 Hierosolymis</i>. Et tamen sunt etiam aliae causae ex quibus alicui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4412 debetur ut de sumptibus fidelium vivat, ut dictum est.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4413 <p title="II-II q. 187 a. 4 ad 3"><a name="46541"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4414 "ref">[46541] IIª-IIae, q. 187 a. 4 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4415 dicendum quod, ceteris paribus, dare est perfectius quam accipere.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4416 Et tamen dare vel relinquere omnia sua pro Christo, et modica
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4417 accipere ad sustentationem vitae, melius est quam dare
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4418 particulariter aliqua pauperibus, ut ex supra dictis patet.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4419 <p title="II-II q. 187 a. 4 ad 4"><a name="46542"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4420 "ref">[46542] IIª-IIae, q. 187 a. 4 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4421 dicendum quod accipere munera ad divitias augmentandas, vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4422 accipere victum ab alio sibi non debitum absque utilitate et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4423 necessitate, praestat occasionem peccati. Quod non habet locum in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4424 religiosis, ut ex supra dictis patet.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4425 <p title="II-II q. 187 a. 4 ad 5"><a name="46543"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4426 "ref">[46543] IIª-IIae, q. 187 a. 4 ad 5</span></a> Ad quintum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4427 dicendum quod, quando apparet manifesta necessitas et utilitas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4428 propter quam aliqui religiosi de eleemosynis vivunt absque opere
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4429 manuali, non scandalizantur ex hoc infirmi, sed malitiosi, more
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4430 Pharisaeorum, quorum scandalum contemnendum dominus docet, Matth.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4431 XV. Sed si non esset evidens necessitas et utilitas, posset exinde
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4432 generari scandalum infirmis, quod esset vitandum. Idem tamen
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4433 scandalum imminere potest de his qui facultatibus communibus otiosi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4434 utuntur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4435 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4436 <div class="E">Articulus 5</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4437 <p title="II-II q. 187 a. 5 arg. 1"><a name="46544"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4438 "ref">[46544] IIª-IIae, q. 187 a. 5 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4439 quintum sic proceditur. Videtur quod religiosis non liceat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4440 mendicare. Dicit enim Augustinus, in libro de operibus Monach.,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4441 <i>tam multos hypocritas sub habitu monachorum usquequaque
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4442 dispersit callidissimus hostis, circueuntes provincias</i>, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4443 postea subdit, <i>omnes petunt, omnes exigunt aut sumptus lucrosae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4444 egestatis, aut simulatae pretium sanctitatis</i>. Ergo videtur quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4445 vita religiosorum mendicantium sit reprobanda.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4446 <p title="II-II q. 187 a. 5 arg. 2"><a name="46545"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4447 "ref">[46545] IIª-IIae, q. 187 a. 5 arg. 2</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4448 Praeterea, I ad Thess. IV dicitur, <i>operemini manibus vestris,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4449 sicut praecepimus vobis, ut honeste ambuletis ad eos qui foris
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4450 sunt, et nullius aliquid desideretis</i>, ubi Glossa dicit, <i>ideo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4451 opus est agendum, et non otiandum, quia honestum est, et quasi lux,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4452 ad infideles, et non desiderabitis rem alterius, nedum rogetis vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4453 tollatis aliquid</i>. Et II ad Thess. III, super illud, si quis non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4454 vult operari etc., dicit, <i>vult servos Dei corporaliter operari
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4455 unde vivant, ut non compellantur egestate necessaria petere</i>.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4456 Sed hoc est mendicare. Ergo videtur quod illicitum sit,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4457 praetermisso opere manuali, mendicare.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4458 <p title="II-II q. 187 a. 5 arg. 3"><a name="46546"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4459 "ref">[46546] IIª-IIae, q. 187 a. 5 arg. 3</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4460 Praeterea, illud quod est in lege prohibitum et iustitiae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4461 contrarium, non competit religiosis. Sed mendicare est prohibitum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4462 in lege divina, dicitur enim Deut. XV, <i>omnino indigens et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4463 mendicus non erit inter vos</i>; et in Psalmo, <i>non vidi iustum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4464 derelictum, nec semen eius quaerens panem</i>. Sed secundum iura
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4465 civilia punitur validus mendicans, ut habetur codice, de validis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4466 mendicantibus. Ergo non competit religiosis mendicare.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4467 <p title="II-II q. 187 a. 5 arg. 4"><a name="46547"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4468 "ref">[46547] IIª-IIae, q. 187 a. 5 arg. 4</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4469 Praeterea, verecundia est de turpi, ut Damascenus dicit. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4470 Ambrosius dicit, in libro de Offic., quod <i>verecundia petendi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4471 ingenuos prodit natales</i>. Ergo mendicare est turpe. Non ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4472 religiosis competit.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4473 <p title="II-II q. 187 a. 5 arg. 5"><a name="46548"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4474 "ref">[46548] IIª-IIae, q. 187 a. 5 arg. 5</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4475 Praeterea, maxime de eleemosynis vivere competit praedicantibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4476 Evangelium, secundum domini statutum, ut supra dictum est. Eis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4477 tamen non competit mendicare, quia super illud II ad Tim. II,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4478 laborantem agricolam etc., dicit Glossa, <i>vult apostolus quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4479 Evangelista intelligat quod necessaria sumere ab eis in quibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4480 laborat, non est mendicitas, sed potestas</i>. Ergo videtur quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4481 religiosis non competat mendicare.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4482 <p title="II-II q. 187 a. 5 s. c."><a name="46549"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4483 "ref">[46549] IIª-IIae, q. 187 a. 5 s. c.</span></a> Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4484 contra est quod religiosis competit vivere ad imitationem Christi.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4485 Sed Christus mendicavit, secundum illud Psalmi, ego autem mendicus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4486 sum et pauper; ubi dicit Glossa, <i>hoc dicit Christus de se ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4487 forma servi</i>; et infra, <i>mendicus est qui ab alio petit, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4488 pauper est qui sibi non sufficit</i>. Et in alio Psalmo, ego egenus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4489 et pauper sum, ubi dicit Glossa, <i>ego sum egenus, idest petens;
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4490 et pauper, idest insufficiens mihi, quia mundanas copias non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4491 habeo</i>. Et Hieronymus dicit, in quadam epistola, cave ne, domino
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4492 tuo mendicante, scilicet Christo, alienas divitias congeras. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4493 conveniens est religiosis mendicare.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4494 <p title="II-II q. 187 a. 5 co."><a name="46550"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4495 "ref">[46550] IIª-IIae, q. 187 a. 5 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4496 dicendum quod circa mendicitatem duo possunt considerari. Unum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4497 quidem ex parte actus ipsius mendicationis, quae habet quandam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4498 abiectionem sibi coniunctam, illi enim videntur abiectissimi inter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4499 homines esse qui non solum sunt pauperes, sed in tantum sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4500 egentes quod necesse habent ab aliis victum acquirere. Et secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4501 hoc, causa humilitatis aliqui laudabiliter mendicant, sicut et alia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4502 assumunt quae ad abiectionem quandam pertinent, quasi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4503 efficacissimam medicinam contra superbiam, quam vel in seipsis, vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4504 etiam in aliis per exemplum exstinguere volunt. Sicut enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4505 infirmitas quae est ex superexcessu caloris, efficacissime sanatur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4506 per ea quae in frigiditate excedunt; ita etiam pronitas ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4507 superbiam efficacissime curatur per ea quae multum abiecta
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4508 videntur. Et ideo dicitur in decretis, de Poenit., dist. II, cap.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4509 <i>si quis semel, exercitia humilitatis sunt, si quis se vilioribus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4510 officiis subdat, et ministeriis indignioribus tradat, ita namque
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4511 arrogantiae et humanae gloriae vitium curari poterit</i>. Unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4512 Hieronymus, in epistola ad Oceanum, commendat Fabiolam de hoc quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4513 optabat ut, <i>suis divitiis pariter effusis pro Christo, stipes
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4514 acciperet</i>. Quod etiam beatus Alexius perfecit, qui, omnibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4515 suis propter Christum dimissis, gaudebat se etiam a servis suis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4516 eleemosynas accepisse. Et de beato Arsenio legitur, in vitis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4517 patrum, quod gratias egit de hoc quod, necessitate cogente,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4518 oportuit eum eleemosynam petere. Unde et in poenitentiam pro
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4519 gravibus culpis iniungitur aliquibus ut peregrinentur mendicantes.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4520 Sed quia humilitas, sicut et ceterae virtutes, absque discretione
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4521 esse non debet, ita oportet discrete mendicitatem ad humiliationem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4522 assumere, ut ex hoc homo notam cupiditatis non incurrat, vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4523 cuiuscumque alterius indecentis. Alio modo potest considerari
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4524 mendicitas ex parte eius quod quis mendicando acquirit. Et sic ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4525 mendicandum potest homo ex duobus induci. Uno modo, ex cupiditate
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4526 habendi divitias vel victum otiosum. Et talis mendicitas est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4527 illicita. Alio modo, ex necessitate vel utilitate. Ex necessitate
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4528 quidem, sicut cum aliquis non potest aliunde habere unde vivat,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4529 nisi mendicet. Ex utilitate autem, sicut cum aliquis intendit ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4530 aliquid utile perficiendum quod sine eleemosynis fidelium facere
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4531 non potest, sicut petuntur eleemosynae pro constructione pontis vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4532 Ecclesiae, vel quibuscumque aliis operibus quae vergunt in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4533 utilitatem communem; sicut scholares, ut possint vacare studio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4534 sapientiae. Et hoc modo mendicitas est licita, sicut saecularibus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4535 ita et religiosis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4536 <p title="II-II q. 187 a. 5 ad 1"><a name="46551"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4537 "ref">[46551] IIª-IIae, q. 187 a. 5 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4538 ergo dicendum quod Augustinus ibi loquitur expresse de his qui ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4539 cupiditate mendicant.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4540 <p title="II-II q. 187 a. 5 ad 2"><a name="46552"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4541 "ref">[46552] IIª-IIae, q. 187 a. 5 ad 2</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4542 secundum dicendum quod prima Glossa loquitur de petitione quae fit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4543 ex cupiditate, ut patet ex verbis apostoli. Secunda autem Glossa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4544 loquitur de illis qui absque omni utilitate quam faciant,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4545 necessaria petunt ut otiosi vivant. Non autem otiose vivit qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4546 qualitercumque utiliter vivit.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4547 <p title="II-II q. 187 a. 5 ad 3"><a name="46553"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4548 "ref">[46553] IIª-IIae, q. 187 a. 5 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4549 dicendum quod ex illo praecepto legis divinae non prohibetur alicui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4550 mendicare, sed prohibetur divitibus ne tam tenaces sint ut propter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4551 hoc aliqui egestate mendicare cogantur. Lex autem civilis imponit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4552 poenam validis mendicantibus qui non propter utilitatem vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4553 necessitatem mendicant.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4554 <p title="II-II q. 187 a. 5 ad 4"><a name="46554"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4555 "ref">[46554] IIª-IIae, q. 187 a. 5 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4556 dicendum quod duplex est turpitudo, una inhonestatis; alia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4557 exterioris defectus, sicut turpe est homini esse infirmum vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4558 pauperem. Et talem turpitudinem habet mendicitas. Unde non pertinet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4559 ad culpam, sed ad humilitatem pertinere potest, ut dictum est.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4560 <p title="II-II q. 187 a. 5 ad 5"><a name="46555"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4561 "ref">[46555] IIª-IIae, q. 187 a. 5 ad 5</span></a> Ad quintum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4562 dicendum quod praedicantibus ex debito debetur victus ab his quibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4563 praedicant. Si tamen non quasi sibi debitum, sed quasi gratis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4564 dandum mendicando petere velint, ad maiorem utilitatem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4565 pertinet.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4566 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4567 <div class="E">Articulus 6</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4568 <p title="II-II q. 187 a. 6 arg. 1"><a name="46556"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4569 "ref">[46556] IIª-IIae, q. 187 a. 6 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4570 sextum sic proceditur. Videtur quod non liceat religiosis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4571 vilioribus vestibus uti quam ceteris. Quia secundum apostolum, I ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4572 Thess. ult., ab omni specie mala abstinere debemus. Sed vilitas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4573 vestium habet speciem mali. Dicit enim dominus, Matth. VII,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4574 <i>attendite a falsis prophetis, qui veniunt ad vos in vestimentis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4575 ovium</i>. Et super illud Apoc. VI, ecce equus pallidus etc., dicit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4576 Glossa, <i>videns Diabolus nec per apertas tribulationes nec per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4577 apertas haereses se posse proficere, praemittit falsos fratres, qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4578 sub habitu religionis obtinent naturam nigri et rufi equi,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4579 pervertendo fidem</i>. Ergo videtur quod religiosi non debeant
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4580 vilibus vestibus uti.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4581 <p title="II-II q. 187 a. 6 arg. 2"><a name="46557"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4582 "ref">[46557] IIª-IIae, q. 187 a. 6 arg. 2</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4583 Praeterea, Hieronymus dicit, ad Nepotianum, <i>vestes pullas</i>,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4584 idest nigras, <i>aeque vita ut candidas. Ornatus et sordes pari
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4585 modo fugiendi sunt, quia alterum delicias, alterum gloriam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4586 redolet</i>. Ergo videtur quod, cum inanis gloria sit gravius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4587 peccatum quam deliciarum usus, quod religiosi, qui debent ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4588 perfectiora tendere, magis debent vitare vestes viles quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4589 pretiosas.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4590 <p title="II-II q. 187 a. 6 arg. 3"><a name="46558"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4591 "ref">[46558] IIª-IIae, q. 187 a. 6 arg. 3</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4592 Praeterea, religiosi maxime intendere debent operibus poenitentiae.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4593 Sed in operibus poenitentiae non est utendum exterioribus signis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4594 tristitiae, sed magis signis laetitiae, dicit enim dominus, Matth.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4595 VI, <i>cum ieiunatis, nolite fieri, sicut hypocritae, tristes</i>;
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4596 et postea subdit, <i>tu autem cum ieiunas, unge caput tuum et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4597 faciem tuam lava</i>. Quod exponens Augustinus, in libro de Serm.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4598 Dom. in monte, dicit, <i>in hoc capitulo maxime animadvertendum est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4599 non in solo rerum corporearum nitore atque pompa, sed etiam in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4600 ipsis sordibus luctuosis esse posse iactantiam, et eo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4601 periculosiorem, quo sub nomine servitutis Dei decipit</i>. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4602 videtur quod religiosi non debeant vilioribus vestibus indui.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4603 <p title="II-II q. 187 a. 6 s. c."><a name="46559"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4604 "ref">[46559] IIª-IIae, q. 187 a. 6 s. c.</span></a> Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4605 contra est quod, Heb. XI, apostolus dicit, circuierunt in melotis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4606 in pellibus caprinis, Glossa, ut Elias et alii. Et in decretis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4607 XXI, qu. IV, dicitur, <i>si inventi fuerint deridentes eos qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4608 vilibus et religiosis vestibus amicti sunt, corrigantur. Priscis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4609 enim temporibus omnis sacratus vir cum mediocri ac vili veste
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4610 conversabatur</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4611 <p title="II-II q. 187 a. 6 co."><a name="46560"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4612 "ref">[46560] IIª-IIae, q. 187 a. 6 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4613 dicendum quod, sicut Augustinus dicit, in III de Doct. Christ., in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4614 omnibus exterioribus rebus non usus rerum, sed libido utentis in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4615 culpa est ad quam discernendam, attendendum est quod habitus vilis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4616 vel incultus dupliciter potest considerari. Uno modo, prout est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4617 signum quoddam dispositionis vel status humani, quia, ut dicitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4618 Eccli. XIX, amictus hominis annuntiat de eo, et secundum hoc,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4619 vilitas habitus est quandoque signum tristitiae. Unde et homines in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4620 tristitia existentes solent vilioribus vestibus uti, sicut e
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4621 contrario in tempore solemnitatis et gaudii utuntur cultioribus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4622 vestimentis. Unde et poenitentes vilibus vestibus induuntur, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4623 patet Ionae III, de rege, qui indutus est sacco; et III Reg. XXI,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4624 de Achab, qui operuit Cilicio carnem suam. Quandoque vero est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4625 signum contemptus divitiarum et mundani fastus unde Hieronymus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4626 dicit, ad rusticum monachum, <i>sordes vestium candidae mentis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4627 indicia sunt, vilis tunica contemptum saeculi probat. Ita dumtaxat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4628 ne animus tumeat, ne habitus sermoque dissentiant</i>. Et secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4629 utrumque horum, competit religiosis vilitas vestium, quia religio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4630 est status poenitentiae et contemptus mundanae gloriae. Sed quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4631 aliquis velit hoc aliis significare, contingit propter tria. Uno
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4632 modo, ad sui humiliationem, sicut enim ex splendore vestium animus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4633 hominis elevatur, ita ex humilitate vestium humiliatur. Unde de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4634 Achab, qui carnem suam Cilicio induit, dixit dominus ad Eliam,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4635 nonne vidisti Achab humiliatum coram me, ut habetur III Reg. XXI.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4636 Alio modo, propter exemplum aliorum. Unde super illud Matth. III,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4637 habebat vestimentum de pilis camelorum etc., dicit Glossa, <i>qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4638 poenitentiam praedicat, habitum poenitentiae praetendit</i>. Tertio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4639 modo, propter inanem gloriam, sicut Augustinus dicit quod <i>in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4640 ipsis sordibus luctuosis potest esse iactantia</i>. Duobus ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4641 primis modis, laudabile est abiectis vestibus uti, tertio vero
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4642 modo, est vitiosum. Alio autem modo potest considerari habitus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4643 vilis et incultus secundum quod procedit ex avaritia vel ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4644 negligentia. Et sic etiam ad vitium pertinet.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4645 <p title="II-II q. 187 a. 6 ad 1"><a name="46561"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4646 "ref">[46561] IIª-IIae, q. 187 a. 6 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4647 ergo dicendum quod vilitas vestium de se non habet speciem mali,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4648 immo potius speciem boni, scilicet contemptus mundanae gloriae. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4649 inde est quod mali sub vilitate vestium suam malitiam occultant.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4650 Unde Augustinus dicit, in libro de Serm. Dom. in monte, quod <i>non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4651 ideo debent oves odisse vestimentum suum, quod plerumque illo se
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4652 occultant lupi</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4653 <p title="II-II q. 187 a. 6 ad 2"><a name="46562"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4654 "ref">[46562] IIª-IIae, q. 187 a. 6 ad 2</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4655 secundum dicendum quod Hieronymus ibi loquitur de vestibus vilibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4656 quae deferuntur propter humanam gloriam.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4657 <p title="II-II q. 187 a. 6 ad 3"><a name="46563"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4658 "ref">[46563] IIª-IIae, q. 187 a. 6 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4659 dicendum quod, secundum doctrinam domini, in operibus sanctitatis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4660 nihil homines facere debent propter apparentiam. Quod praecipue
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4661 contingit quando aliquis aliquid novum facit. Unde Chrysostomus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4662 dicit, super Matth., <i>orans nihil novum faciat quod aspiciant
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4663 homines, vel clamando, vel pectus percutiendo, vel manus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4664 expandendo</i>, quia scilicet ex ipsa novitate homines reddunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4665 intentos ad considerandum. Nec tamen omnis novitas intentos faciens
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4666 homines ad considerandum, reprehensibilis est. Potest enim et bene
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4667 et male fieri. Unde Augustinus dicit, in libro de Serm. Dom. in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4668 monte, quod <i>qui in professione Christianitatis inusitato
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4669 squalore ac sordibus intentos in se oculos hominum facit, cum id
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4670 voluntate faciat, non necessitate patiatur, ceteris eius operibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4671 potest cognosci utrum hoc contemptu superflui cultus, an ambitione
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4672 aliqua faciat</i>. Maxime autem videntur hoc non ex ambitione
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4673 facere religiosi, qui habitum vilem deferunt quasi signum suae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4674 professionis, qua contemptum mundi profitentur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4675 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4676 <div class="D">Quaestio 188</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4677 <div class="G">Prooemium</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4678 <p title="II-II q. 188 pr."><a name="46564"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4679 "ref">[46564] IIª-IIae, q. 188 pr.</span></a> Deinde
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4680 considerandum est de differentia religionum. Et circa hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4681 quaeruntur octo. Primo, utrum sint diversae religiones, vel una
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4682 tantum. Secundo, utrum aliqua religio institui possit ad opera
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4683 vitae activae. Tertio, utrum aliqua religio institui possit ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4684 bella gerenda. Quarto, utrum possit institui aliqua religio ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4685 praedicandum, et huiusmodi opera exercenda. Quinto, utrum possit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4686 aliqua religio institui ad studium scientiae. Sexto, utrum religio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4687 quae ordinatur ad vitam contemplativam, sit potior ea quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4688 ordinatur ad vitam activam. Septimo, utrum habere aliquid in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4689 communi diminuat de perfectione religionis. Octavo, utrum religio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4690 solitariorum sit praeferenda religioni in societate viventium.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4691 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4692 <div class="E">Articulus 1</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4693 <p title="II-II q. 188 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="46565"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4694 "ref">[46565] IIª-IIae, q. 188 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4695 primum sic proceditur. Videtur quod non sit nisi una tantum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4696 religio. In eo enim quod totaliter et perfecte habetur, diversitas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4697 esse non potest, propter quod, non potest esse nisi unum primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4698 summum bonum, ut in primo habitum est. Sed sicut Gregorius dicit,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4699 super Ezech., <i>cum quis omne quod habet, omne quod vivit, omne
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4700 quod sapit, omnipotenti Deo voverit, holocaustum est</i>, sine quo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4701 religio esse non dicitur. Ergo videtur quod non sint multae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4702 religiones, sed una tantum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4703 <p title="II-II q. 188 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="46566"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4704 "ref">[46566] IIª-IIae, q. 188 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4705 Praeterea, ea quae in essentialibus conveniunt, non diversificantur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4706 nisi per accidens. Sed sine tribus votis essentialibus religioni
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4707 non est aliqua religio, ut supra habitum est. Ergo videtur quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4708 religiones specie non diversificentur, sed solum per accidens.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4709 <p title="II-II q. 188 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="46567"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4710 "ref">[46567] IIª-IIae, q. 188 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4711 Praeterea, status perfectionis competit et religiosis et episcopis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4712 ut supra habitum est. Sed episcopatus non diversificatur specie,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4713 sed est ubique unus, unde Hieronymus dicit, ad Evandrum episcopum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4714 <i>ubicumque fuerit episcopus, sive Romae sive Eugubio sive
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4715 Constantinopoli sive Rhegio, eiusdem meriti est, eiusdem et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4716 sacerdotii</i>. Ergo, pari ratione, una sola est religio.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4717 <p title="II-II q. 188 a. 1 arg. 4"><a name="46568"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4718 "ref">[46568] IIª-IIae, q. 188 a. 1 arg. 4</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4719 Praeterea, ab Ecclesia tollendum est omne id quod confusionem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4720 inducere potest. Sed ex diversitate religionis videtur quaedam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4721 confusio posse induci in populo Christiano, ut decretalis quaedam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4722 dicit, quae habetur de statu monachorum et canonicorum regularium.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4723 Ergo videtur quod non debeant esse diversae religiones.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4724 <p title="II-II q. 188 a. 1 s. c."><a name="46569"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4725 "ref">[46569] IIª-IIae, q. 188 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4726 contra est quod in Psalmo describitur ad ornatum reginae pertinere
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4727 quod sit circumamicta varietate.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4728 <p title="II-II q. 188 a. 1 co."><a name="46570"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4729 "ref">[46570] IIª-IIae, q. 188 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4730 dicendum quod, sicut ex supra dictis patet, status religionis est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4731 quoddam exercitium quo aliquis exercetur ad perfectionem caritatis.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4732 Sunt autem diversa caritatis opera quibus homo vacare potest, sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4733 etiam diversi modi exercitiorum. Et ideo religiones distingui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4734 possunt dupliciter. Uno modo, secundum diversitatem eorum ad quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4735 ordinantur, sicut si una religio ordinetur ad peregrinos hospitio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4736 suscipiendos, et alia ad visitandos vel redimendos captivos. Alio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4737 modo, potest esse diversitas religionum secundum diversitatem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4738 exercitiorum, puta quod in una religione castigatur corpus per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4739 abstinentias ciborum, in alia per exercitium operum manualium, vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4740 per nuditatem, vel per aliquid aliud huiusmodi. Sed quia finis est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4741 potissimum in unoquoque, maior est religionum diversitas quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4742 attenditur secundum diversos fines ad quos religiones ordinantur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4743 quam quae attenditur secundum diversa exercitia.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4744 <p title="II-II q. 188 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="46571"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4745 "ref">[46571] IIª-IIae, q. 188 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4746 ergo dicendum quod hoc est commune in omni religione, quod aliquis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4747 totaliter se debet praebere ad serviendum Deo. Unde ex hac parte
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4748 non est diversitas inter religiones, ut scilicet in una religione
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4749 aliquis retineat aliquid sui, et in alia aliud. Est autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4750 diversitas secundum diversa in quibus homo potest Deo servire, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4751 secundum quod ad hoc se potest homo diversimode disponere.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4752 <p title="II-II q. 188 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="46572"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4753 "ref">[46572] IIª-IIae, q. 188 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4754 secundum dicendum quod tria essentialia vota religionis pertinent
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4755 ad exercitium religionis sicut quaedam principalia ad quae omnia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4756 alia reducuntur, ut supra dictum est. Ad observandum autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4757 unumquodque eorum diversimode aliquis se disponere potest, puta ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4758 votum continentiae servandum se disponit aliquis per loci
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4759 solitudinem, per abstinentiam, per mutuam societatem, et per multa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4760 alia huiusmodi. Et secundum hoc patet quod communitas essentialium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4761 votorum compatitur diversitatem religionis, tum propter diversas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4762 dispositiones; tum etiam propter diversos fines, ut ex supra dictis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4763 patet.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4764 <p title="II-II q. 188 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="46573"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4765 "ref">[46573] IIª-IIae, q. 188 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4766 dicendum quod in his quae ad perfectionem pertinent, episcopus se
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4767 habet per modum agentis, religiosi autem per modum patientis, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4768 supra dictum est. Agens autem, etiam in naturalibus, quanto est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4769 superius, tanto est magis unum, ea vero quae patiuntur, sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4770 diversa. Unde rationabiliter est unus episcopalis status,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4771 religiones vero diversae.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4772 <p title="II-II q. 188 a. 1 ad 4"><a name="46574"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4773 "ref">[46574] IIª-IIae, q. 188 a. 1 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4774 dicendum quod confusio opponitur distinctioni et ordini. Sic ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4775 ex multitudine religionum induceretur confusio, si ad idem et eodem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4776 modo diversae religiones essent, absque utilitate et necessitate.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4777 Unde, ut hoc non fiat, salubriter institutum est ne nova religio,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4778 nisi auctoritate summi pontificis, instituatur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4779 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4780 <div class="E">Articulus 2</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4781 <p title="II-II q. 188 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="46575"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4782 "ref">[46575] IIª-IIae, q. 188 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4783 secundum sic proceditur. Videtur quod nulla religio institui debeat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4784 ad opera activae vitae. Omnis enim religio pertinet ad perfectionis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4785 statum, ut ex supra dictis patet. Sed perfectio religiosi status
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4786 consistit in contemplatione divinorum, dicit enim Dionysius, VI
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4787 cap. Eccles. Hier., quod <i>nominantur ex Dei puro servitio et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4788 famulatu, et indivisibili et singulari vita uniente eos
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4789 indivisibilium sanctis convolutionibus</i>, idest
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4790 contemplationibus, <i>ad deiformem unitatem et amabilem Deo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4791 perfectionem</i>. Ergo videtur quod nulla religio institui possit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4792 ad opera activae vitae.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4793 <p title="II-II q. 188 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="46576"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4794 "ref">[46576] IIª-IIae, q. 188 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4795 <i>Praeterea, idem iudicium videtur esse de monachis et de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4796 canonicis regularibus</i>, ut habetur extra, de postulando, ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4797 parte, et de statu Monach., quod Dei timorem, dicitur quod <i>a
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4798 sanctorum monachorum consortio non putantur seiuncti</i>. Et eadem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4799 ratio videtur esse de omnibus aliis religiosis. Sed monachorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4800 religio est instituta ad vitam contemplativam, unde Hieronymus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4801 dicit, ad Paulinum, <i>si cupis esse quod diceris, monachus, idest
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4802 solus, quid facis in urbibus?</i> Et idem habetur extra, de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4803 Renunt., nisi cum pridem; et de regularibus, licet quibusdam. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4804 videtur quod omnis religio ordinetur ad vitam contemplativam, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4805 nulla ad activam.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4806 <p title="II-II q. 188 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="46577"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4807 "ref">[46577] IIª-IIae, q. 188 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4808 Praeterea, vita activa ad praesens saeculum pertinet. Sed omnes
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4809 religiosi saeculum deserere dicuntur, unde Gregorius dicit, super
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4810 Ezech., <i>qui praesens saeculum deserit et agit bona quae valet,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4811 quasi iam Aegypto derelicto, sacrificium praebet in eremo</i>. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4812 videtur quod nulla religio possit ordinari ad vitam activam.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4813 <p title="II-II q. 188 a. 2 s. c."><a name="46578"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4814 "ref">[46578] IIª-IIae, q. 188 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4815 contra est quod dicitur Iac. I, <i>religio munda et immaculata apud
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4816 Deum et patrem haec est, visitare pupillos et viduas in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4817 tribulatione eorum</i>. Sed hoc pertinet ad vitam activam. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4818 convenienter religio potest ordinari ad vitam activam.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4819 <p title="II-II q. 188 a. 2 co."><a name="46579"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4820 "ref">[46579] IIª-IIae, q. 188 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4821 dicendum quod, sicut supra dictum est, religionis status ordinatur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4822 ad perfectionem caritatis, quae se extendit ad dilectionem Dei et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4823 proximi. Ad dilectionem autem Dei directe pertinet vita
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4824 contemplativa, quae soli Deo vacare desiderat, ad dilectionem autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4825 proximi pertinet vita activa, quae deservit necessitatibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4826 proximorum. Et sicut ex caritate diligitur proximus propter Deum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4827 ita etiam obsequium delatum in proximos redundat in Deum, secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4828 illud Matth. XXV, <i>quod uni ex minimis meis fecistis, mihi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4829 fecistis</i>. Unde et huiusmodi obsequia proximis facta, inquantum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4830 ad Deum referuntur, dicuntur esse sacrificia quaedam, secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4831 illud Heb. ult., <i>beneficentiae et communionis nolite oblivisci,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4832 talibus enim hostiis promeretur Deus</i>. Et quia ad religionem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4833 proprie pertinet sacrificium Deo offerre, ut supra habitum est,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4834 consequens est quod convenienter religiones quaedam ad opera vitae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4835 activae ordinantur. Unde et in collationibus patrum, abbas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4836 Nesteros, distinguens diversa religionum studia, dicit, <i>quidam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4837 summam intentionis suae erga eremi secreta et cordis constituunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4838 puritatem; quidam erga institutionem fratrum et coenobiorum curam;
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4839 quosdam xenodochii, idest hospitalitatis, delectat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4840 obsequium</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4841 <p title="II-II q. 188 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="46580"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4842 "ref">[46580] IIª-IIae, q. 188 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4843 ergo dicendum quod Dei servitium et famulatus salvatur etiam in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4844 operibus vitae activae, quibus aliquis servit proximo propter Deum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4845 sicut dictum est. In quibus etiam salvatur singularitas vitae, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4846 quantum ad hoc quod homo cum hominibus non conversetur; sed quantum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4847 ad hoc quod homo singulariter his intendat quae ad divinum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4848 obsequium spectant. Et dum religiosi operibus vitae activae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4849 insistunt intuitu Dei, consequens est quod in eis actio ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4850 contemplatione divinorum derivetur. Unde non privantur omnino
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4851 fructu contemplativae vitae.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4852 <p title="II-II q. 188 a. 2 ad 2"><a name="46581"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4853 "ref">[46581] IIª-IIae, q. 188 a. 2 ad 2</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4854 secundum dicendum quod eadem est ratio de monachis et omnibus aliis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4855 religiosis quantum ad ea quae sunt communia omni religioni, puta
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4856 quod totaliter se dedicent divinis obsequiis, et quod essentialia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4857 religionis vota observent, et quod a saecularibus negotiis se
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4858 abstineant. Sed non oportet similitudinem esse quantum ad alia quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4859 sunt propria monasticae professioni, quae specialiter ad vitam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4860 contemplativam ordinantur. Unde in praeinducta decretali de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4861 postulando non dicitur simpliciter quod sit idem iudicium de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4862 canonicis regularibus quod de monachis, sed, quantum ad supradicta,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4863 scilicet quod in forensibus causis officio advocationis non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4864 utantur. Et in decretali inducta de statu monachorum, postquam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4865 praemiserat quod non putantur a consortio monachorum seiuncti
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4866 canonici regulares, subditur, regulae tamen inserviunt laxiori. Ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4867 quo patet quod non ad omnia tenentur ad quae monachi.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4868 <p title="II-II q. 188 a. 2 ad 3"><a name="46582"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4869 "ref">[46582] IIª-IIae, q. 188 a. 2 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4870 dicendum quod dupliciter aliquis potest esse in saeculo, uno modo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4871 per praesentiam corporalem; alio modo, per mentis affectum. Unde et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4872 discipulis suis dominus dicit, ego elegi vos de mundo, de quibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4873 tamen ad patrem loquitur dicens, hi in mundo sunt, et ego ad te
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4874 venio. Quamvis igitur religiosi qui circa opera activae vitae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4875 occupantur, sint in saeculo secundum praesentiam corporalem, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4876 tamen sunt in saeculo quantum ad mentis affectum, quia in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4877 exterioribus occupantur non quasi quaerentes aliquid in mundo, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4878 solum propter divinum obsequium; utuntur enim hoc mundo tanquam non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4879 utentes, ut dicitur I ad Cor. VII. Unde et Iac. I, postquam dictum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4880 est quod religio munda et immaculata est visitare pupillos et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4881 viduas, subditur, et immaculatum se custodire ab hoc saeculo, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4882 scilicet affectu in rebus saeculi non detineatur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4883 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4884 <div class="E">Articulus 3</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4885 <p title="II-II q. 188 a. 3 arg. 1"><a name="46583"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4886 "ref">[46583] IIª-IIae, q. 188 a. 3 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4887 tertium sic proceditur. Videtur quod nulla religio ordinari possit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4888 ad militandum. Omnis enim religio pertinet ad statum perfectionis.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4889 Sed ad perfectionem vitae Christianae pertinet quod dominus dicit,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4890 Matth. V, <i>ego dico vobis, non resistere malo, sed si quis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4891 percusserit te in unam maxillam, praebe ei et alteram</i>, quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4892 repugnat officio militari. Ergo nulla religio potest institui ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4893 militandum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4894 <p title="II-II q. 188 a. 3 arg. 2"><a name="46584"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4895 "ref">[46584] IIª-IIae, q. 188 a. 3 arg. 2</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4896 Praeterea, gravior est compugnatio corporalium praeliorum quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4897 concertationes verborum quae in advocationibus fiunt. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4898 religiosis interdicitur officio advocationis uti, ut patet in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4899 decretali de postulando supra inducta. Ergo videtur quod multo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4900 minus aliqua religio possit institui ad militandum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4901 <p title="II-II q. 188 a. 3 arg. 3"><a name="46585"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4902 "ref">[46585] IIª-IIae, q. 188 a. 3 arg. 3</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4903 Praeterea, status religionis est status poenitentiae, ut supra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4904 dictum est. Sed poenitentibus, secundum iura, interdicitur militia,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4905 dicitur enim in decretis, de Poenit., dist. V, <i>contrarium omnino
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4906 est ecclesiasticis regulis, post poenitentiae actionem, redire ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4907 militiam saecularem</i>. Ergo nulla religio congrue institui potest
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4908 ad militandum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4909 <p title="II-II q. 188 a. 3 arg. 4"><a name="46586"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4910 "ref">[46586] IIª-IIae, q. 188 a. 3 arg. 4</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4911 Praeterea, nulla religio institui potest ad aliquid iniustum. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4912 sicut Isidorus dicit, in libro Etymol., <i>iustum bellum est quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4913 ex edicto imperiali geritur</i>. Cum igitur religiosi sint quaedam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4914 privatae personae, videtur quod non liceat eis bellum gerere. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4915 ita ad hoc non potest institui aliqua religio.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4916 <p title="II-II q. 188 a. 3 s. c."><a name="46587"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4917 "ref">[46587] IIª-IIae, q. 188 a. 3 s. c.</span></a> Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4918 contra est quod Augustinus dicit, ad Bonifacium, <i>noli existimare
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4919 neminem Deo placere posse qui armis bellicis ministrat. In his erat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4920 sanctus David, cui dominus magnum testimonium perhibuit</i>. Sed ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4921 hoc sunt institutae religiones ut homines Deo placeant. Ergo nihil
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4922 prohibet aliquam religionem institui ad militandum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4923 <p title="II-II q. 188 a. 3 co."><a name="46588"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4924 "ref">[46588] IIª-IIae, q. 188 a. 3 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4925 dicendum quod, sicut dictum est, religio institui potest non solum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4926 ad opera contemplativae vitae, sed etiam ad opera vitae activae,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4927 inquantum pertinent ad subventionem proximorum et obsequium Dei,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4928 non autem inquantum pertinent ad aliquid mundanum tenendum. Potest
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4929 autem officium militare ordinari ad subventionem proximorum, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4930 solum quantum ad privatas personas, sed etiam quantum ad totius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4931 reipublicae defensionem, unde de Iuda Machabaeo dicitur, I Machab.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4932 III, quod <i>praeliabatur praelium Israel cum laetitia, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4933 dilatavit gloriam populo suo</i>. Ordinari etiam potest ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4934 conservationem divini cultus, unde ibidem subditur Iudam dixisse,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4935 <i>nos pugnabimus pro animabus nostris et legibus nostris</i>; et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4936 infra, XIII, dicit Simon, <i>vos scitis quanta ego et fratres mei
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4937 et domus patris mei fecimus pro legibus et pro sanctis praelia</i>.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4938 Unde convenienter institui potest aliqua religio ad militandum, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4939 quidem propter aliquid mundanum, sed propter defensionem divini
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4940 cultus et publicae salutis; vel etiam pauperum et oppressorum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4941 secundum illud Psalmi, <i>eripite pauperem, et egenum de manu
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4942 peccatoris liberate</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4943 <p title="II-II q. 188 a. 3 ad 1"><a name="46589"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4944 "ref">[46589] IIª-IIae, q. 188 a. 3 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4945 ergo dicendum quod aliquis potest non resistere malo dupliciter.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4946 Uno modo, condonando propriam iniuriam. Et sic potest ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4947 perfectionem pertinere, quando ita fieri expedit ad salutem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4948 aliorum. Alio modo, tolerando patienter iniurias aliorum. Et hoc ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4949 imperfectionem pertinet, vel etiam ad vitium, si aliquis potest
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4950 convenienter iniurianti resistere. Unde Ambrosius dicit, in libro
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4951 de Offic., <i>fortitudo quae bello tuetur a barbaris patriam, vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4952 domi defendit infirmos, vel a latronibus socios, plena iustitia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4953 est</i>. Sicut etiam ibidem dicit dominus, <i>quae tua sunt, ne
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4954 repetas</i>, et tamen, si aliquis non repeteret ea quae sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4955 aliorum, si ad eum pertineat, peccaret. Homo enim laudabiliter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4956 donat sua, non autem aliena. Et multo minus ea quae sunt Dei, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4957 sunt negligenda, quia, ut Chrysostomus dicit, super Matth.,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4958 <i>iniurias Dei dissimulare nimis est impium</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4959 <p title="II-II q. 188 a. 3 ad 2"><a name="46590"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4960 "ref">[46590] IIª-IIae, q. 188 a. 3 ad 2</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4961 secundum dicendum quod exercere advocationis officium propter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4962 aliquid mundanum, repugnat omni religioni, non autem si hoc aliquis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4963 exerceat, secundum dispositionem sui praelati, pro monasterio suo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4964 ut in eadem decretali subditur. Neque etiam pro defensione pauperum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4965 aut viduarum, unde in decretis, dist. LXXXVIII, dicitur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4966 <i>decrevit sancta synodus nullum deinceps clericum aut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4967 possessiones conducere, aut negotiis saecularibus se permiscere,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4968 nisi propter curam pupillorum,</i> et cetera. Et similiter militare
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4969 propter aliquid mundanum est omni religioni contrarium, non autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4970 militare propter obsequium Dei.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4971 <p title="II-II q. 188 a. 3 ad 3"><a name="46591"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4972 "ref">[46591] IIª-IIae, q. 188 a. 3 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4973 dicendum quod militia saecularis interdicitur poenitentibus, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4974 militia quae est propter Dei obsequium, imponitur alicui in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4975 poenitentiam; sicut patet de his quibus iniungitur ut militent in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4976 subsidium terrae sanctae.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4977 <p title="II-II q. 188 a. 3 ad 4"><a name="46592"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4978 "ref">[46592] IIª-IIae, q. 188 a. 3 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4979 dicendum quod religio non sic instituitur ad militandum quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4980 religiosis propria auctoritate liceat bella gerere, sed solum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4981 auctoritate principum vel Ecclesiae.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4982 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4983 <div class="E">Articulus 4</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4984 <p title="II-II q. 188 a. 4 arg. 1"><a name="46593"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4985 "ref">[46593] IIª-IIae, q. 188 a. 4 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4986 quartum sic proceditur. Videtur quod nulla religio possit institui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4987 ad praedicandum vel confessiones audiendum. Dicitur enim VII, qu.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4988 I, <i>monachorum vita subiectionis habet verbum et discipulatus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4989 non docendi vel praesidendi vel pascendi alios</i>, et eadem ratio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4990 esse videtur de aliis religiosis. Sed praedicare et confessiones
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4991 audire est pascere vel docere alios. Non ergo ad hoc aliqua religio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4992 potest institui.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4993 <p title="II-II q. 188 a. 4 arg. 2"><a name="46594"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4994 "ref">[46594] IIª-IIae, q. 188 a. 4 arg. 2</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4995 Praeterea, illud ad quod religio instituitur, videtur esse maxime
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4996 proprium religioni, ut supra dictum est. Sed praedicti actus non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4997 sunt proprii religiosorum, sed potius praelatorum. Non ergo ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4998 huiusmodi actus potest aliqua religio institui.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4999 <p title="II-II q. 188 a. 4 arg. 3"><a name="46595"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5000 "ref">[46595] IIª-IIae, q. 188 a. 4 arg. 3</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5001 Praeterea, inconveniens videtur quod auctoritas praedicandi et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5002 confessiones audiendi infinitis hominibus committatur. Sed non est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5003 certus numerus eorum qui in religione aliqua recipiuntur. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5004 inconveniens est quod aliqua religio instituatur ad actus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5005 praedictos.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5006 <p title="II-II q. 188 a. 4 arg. 4"><a name="46596"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5007 "ref">[46596] IIª-IIae, q. 188 a. 4 arg. 4</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5008 Praeterea, praedicatoribus debetur victus a fidelibus Christi, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5009 patet I ad Cor. IX. Si ergo committitur praedicationis officium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5010 alicui religioni ad hoc institutae, sequetur quod fideles Christi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5011 teneantur ad exhibendum sumptus infinitis personis, quod cedit in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5012 magnum eorum gravamen. Non ergo debet aliqua religio institui ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5013 huiusmodi actus exercendos.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5014 <p title="II-II q. 188 a. 4 arg. 5"><a name="46597"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5015 "ref">[46597] IIª-IIae, q. 188 a. 4 arg. 5</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5016 Praeterea, institutio Ecclesiae debet sequi institutionem Christi.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5017 Sed Christus primo misit ad praedicandum duodecim apostolos, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5018 habetur Luc. IX; et postea misit septuagintaduos discipulos, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5019 habetur Luc. X; et sicut Glossa ibidem dicit, <i>apostolorum formam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5020 tenent episcopi, septuagintaduorum discipulorum minores
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5021 presbyteri</i>, scilicet curati. Ergo, praeter episcopos et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5022 presbyteros parochiales, non debet aliqua religio institui ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5023 praedicandum vel ad confessiones audiendum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5024 <p title="II-II q. 188 a. 4 s. c."><a name="46598"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5025 "ref">[46598] IIª-IIae, q. 188 a. 4 s. c.</span></a> Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5026 contra est quod in collationibus patrum, abbas Nesteros, de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5027 diversitate religionum loquens, dicit, <i>quidam eligentes
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5028 aegrotantium curam, alii intercessionem quae pro miseris atque
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5029 oppressis impenditur exequentes, aut doctrinae instantes, aut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5030 eleemosynas pauperibus largientes, inter magnos ac summos viros,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5031 pro affectu suo ac pietate, viguerunt</i>. Ergo, sicut ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5032 aegrotantium curam aliqua religio potest institui, ita etiam ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5033 docendum populum per praedicationem et alia huiusmodi opera.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5034 <p title="II-II q. 188 a. 4 co."><a name="46599"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5035 "ref">[46599] IIª-IIae, q. 188 a. 4 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5036 dicendum quod, sicut dictum est, convenienter religio institui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5037 potest ad opera vitae activae, secundum quod ordinantur ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5038 utilitatem proximorum, et ad obsequium Dei, et conservationem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5039 divini cultus. Magis autem procuratur utilitas proximorum per ea
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5040 quae pertinent ad spiritualem animae salutem, quam per ea quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5041 pertinent ad subveniendum corporali necessitati, quanto spiritualia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5042 corporalibus sunt potiora, unde supra dictum est quod eleemosynae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5043 spirituales sunt corporalibus potiores. Hoc etiam magis pertinet ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5044 obsequium Dei, <i>cui nullum sacrificium est magis acceptum quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5045 zelus animarum</i>, ut Gregorius dicit, super Ezech. Maius etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5046 est spiritualibus armis contra errores haereticorum et tentationes
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5047 Daemonum fideles defendere, quam corporalibus armis populum fidelem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5048 tueri. Et ideo convenientissimum est ad praedicandum, et ad alia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5049 quae pertinent ad salutem animarum, aliquam religionem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5050 institui.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5051 <p title="II-II q. 188 a. 4 ad 1"><a name="46600"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5052 "ref">[46600] IIª-IIae, q. 188 a. 4 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5053 ergo dicendum quod ille qui operatur ex virtute alterius, agit per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5054 modum instrumenti. Minister autem est sicut instrumentum animatum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5055 ut philosophus dicit, in I Polit. Unde quod aliquis auctoritate
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5056 praelatorum praedicet, vel alia huiusmodi faciat, non supergreditur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5057 discipulatus vel subiectionis gradum, qui competit religiosis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5058 <p title="II-II q. 188 a. 4 ad 2"><a name="46601"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5059 "ref">[46601] IIª-IIae, q. 188 a. 4 ad 2</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5060 secundum dicendum quod, sicut religiones aliquae instituuntur ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5061 militandum, non quidem ut militent auctoritate propria, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5062 auctoritate principum vel Ecclesiae, quibus ex officio competit,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5063 sicut dictum est; ita etiam religiones instituuntur ad praedicandum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5064 et confessiones audiendum, non quidem propria auctoritate, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5065 auctoritate praelatorum superiorum et inferiorum, ad quos ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5066 officio pertinet. Et ita subvenire praelatis in tali ministerio est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5067 huiusmodi religionis proprium.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5068 <p title="II-II q. 188 a. 4 ad 3"><a name="46602"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5069 "ref">[46602] IIª-IIae, q. 188 a. 4 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5070 dicendum quod a praelatis non conceditur talibus religiosis ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5071 quilibet indifferenter possit praedicare vel confessiones audire,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5072 sed secundum moderationem eorum qui huiusmodi religionibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5073 praeficiuntur; vel secundum taxationem ipsorum praelatorum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5074 <p title="II-II q. 188 a. 4 ad 4"><a name="46603"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5075 "ref">[46603] IIª-IIae, q. 188 a. 4 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5076 dicendum quod plebs fidelis non tenetur ex debito iuris ad sumptus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5077 ministrandos nisi ordinariis praelatis, qui propter hoc decimas et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5078 oblationes fidelium recipiunt et alios ecclesiasticos reditus. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5079 si aliqui gratis in huiusmodi actibus velint fidelibus ministrare,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5080 non potestative ab eis sumptus exigentes, non propter hoc gravantur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5081 fideles, quia et ipsi possunt liberaliter recompensare temporalem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5082 subventionem, ad quam, etsi non teneantur ex debito iuris, tenentur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5083 tamen ex debito caritatis; non autem ita quod eis sit tribulatio,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5084 aliis autem remissio, ut dicitur II ad Cor. VIII. Si tamen non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5085 invenirentur qui gratis se huiusmodi obsequiis manciparent,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5086 tenerentur ordinarii praelati, si ipsi non sufficerent alios ad hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5087 idoneos quaerere, quibus sumptus ipsi ministrarent.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5088 <p title="II-II q. 188 a. 4 ad 5"><a name="46604"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5089 "ref">[46604] IIª-IIae, q. 188 a. 4 ad 5</span></a> Ad quintum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5090 dicendum quod formam septuagintaduorum discipulorum non solum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5091 tenent presbyteri curati, sed quicumque alii minoris ordinis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5092 episcopis in eorum officio subserviant. Non enim legitur quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5093 septuagintaduobus discipulis dominus aliquas determinatas parochias
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5094 assignaret, sed quod <i>mittebat eos ante faciem suam in omnem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5095 civitatem et locum quo erat ipse venturus</i>. Opportunum autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5096 fuit ut, praeter ordinarios praelatos, alii assumerentur ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5097 huiusmodi officia, propter multitudinem fidelis populi, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5098 difficultatem inveniendi sufficientes personas distribuendas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5099 singulis plebibus. Sicut etiam et religiones ad militandum necesse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5100 fuit institui, propter defectum saecularium principum ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5101 resistendum infidelibus in aliquibus terris.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5102 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5103 <div class="E">Articulus 5</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5104 <p title="II-II q. 188 a. 5 arg. 1"><a name="46605"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5105 "ref">[46605] IIª-IIae, q. 188 a. 5 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5106 quintum sic proceditur. Videtur quod non sit instituenda aliqua
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5107 religio ad studendum. Dicitur enim in Psalmo, <i>quoniam non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5108 cognovi litteraturam, introibo in potentias domini</i>, Glossa,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5109 idest, in virtutem Christianam. Sed perfectio Christianae virtutis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5110 maxime videtur ad religiosos pertinere. Ergo eorum non est studio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5111 litterarum insistere.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5112 <p title="II-II q. 188 a. 5 arg. 2"><a name="46606"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5113 "ref">[46606] IIª-IIae, q. 188 a. 5 arg. 2</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5114 Praeterea, illud quod est dissensionis principium, religiosis non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5115 competit, qui in unitatem pacis congregantur. Sed studium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5116 dissensionem inducit, unde et in philosophis subsecuta est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5117 diversitas sectarum. Unde et Hieronymus, super Epist. ad Tit.,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5118 dicit, <i>antequam, Diaboli instinctu, studia in religione fierent,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5119 et diceretur in populis, ego sum Pauli, ego Apollo, ego Cephae,</i>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5120 et cetera. Ergo videtur quod nulla religio debeat institui ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5121 studendum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5122 <p title="II-II q. 188 a. 5 arg. 3"><a name="46607"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5123 "ref">[46607] IIª-IIae, q. 188 a. 5 arg. 3</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5124 Praeterea, professio Christianae religionis differre debet a
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5125 professione gentilium. Sed apud gentiles aliqui philosophiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5126 profitebantur. Et nunc etiam aliqui saeculares dicuntur aliquarum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5127 scientiarum professores. Non ergo religiosis competit studium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5128 litterarum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5129 <p title="II-II q. 188 a. 5 s. c."><a name="46608"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5130 "ref">[46608] IIª-IIae, q. 188 a. 5 s. c.</span></a> Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5131 contra est quod Hieronymus, in epistola ad Paulinum, invitat eum ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5132 discendum in statu monastico, dicens, <i>discamus in terris quorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5133 scientia nobis perseverat in caelis</i>. Et infra, <i>quidquid
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5134 quaesieris, tecum scire conabor</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5135 <p title="II-II q. 188 a. 5 co."><a name="46609"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5136 "ref">[46609] IIª-IIae, q. 188 a. 5 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5137 dicendum quod, sicut dictum est, religio potest ordinari ad vitam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5138 activam, et ad vitam contemplativam. Inter opera autem vitae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5139 activae, principaliora sunt illa quae ordinantur directe ad salutem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5140 animarum, sicut praedicare et alia huiusmodi. Competit ergo studium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5141 litterarum religioni tripliciter. Primo quidem, quantum ad id quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5142 est proprium contemplativae vitae. Ad quam studium litterarum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5143 dupliciter adiuvat. Uno modo, directe coadiuvando ad contemplandum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5144 illuminando scilicet intellectum. Vita enim contemplativa de qua
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5145 nunc loquimur, principaliter ordinatur ad considerationem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5146 divinorum, ut supra habitum est, in qua dirigitur homo ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5147 considerandum divina. Unde in laudem viri iusti dicitur in Psalmo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5148 quod in lege domini meditabitur die ac nocte. Et Eccli. XXXIX
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5149 dicitur, <i>sapientiam antiquorum exquiret sapiens, et in prophetis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5150 vacabit</i>. Alio modo, studium litterarum iuvat contemplativam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5151 vitam indirecte removendo contemplationis pericula, scilicet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5152 errores, qui in contemplatione divinorum frequenter accidunt his
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5153 qui Scripturas ignorant, sicut in collationibus patrum legitur quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5154 abbas Serapion, propter simplicitatem, incidit in errorem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5155 Anthropomorphitarum, idest eorum qui Deum habere humanam formam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5156 arbitrantur. Unde dicit Gregorius, in VI Moral., quod <i>nonnulli,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5157 dum plus exquirunt contemplando quam capiunt, usque ad perversa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5158 dogmata erumpunt, et dum veritatis esse discipuli humiliter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5159 negligunt, magistri errorum fiunt</i>. Et propter hoc dicitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5160 Eccle. II, <i>cogitavi in corde meo abstrahere a vino carnem meam,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5161 ut animum meum transferrem ad sapientiam, devitaremque
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5162 stultitiam</i>. Secundo, necessarium est studium litterarum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5163 religioni institutae ad praedicandum et ad alia huiusmodi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5164 exercendum. Unde apostolus dicit, Tit. I, de episcopo, ad cuius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5165 officium huiusmodi actus pertinent, <i>amplectentem eum qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5166 secundum doctrinam est fidelem sermonem, ut potens sit exhortari in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5167 doctrina sana, et eos qui contradicunt arguere</i>. Nec obstat quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5168 apostoli absque studio litterarum ad praedicandum sunt missi, quia,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5169 ut Hieronymus dicit, in epistola ad Paulinum, <i>quidquid aliis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5170 exercitatio et quotidiana in lege meditatio tribuere solet, illis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5171 spiritus sanctus suggerebat</i>. Tertio, studium litterarum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5172 religioni congruit quantum ad id quod est omni religioni commune.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5173 Valet enim ad vitandum carnis lasciviam. Unde Hieronymus dicit, ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5174 rusticum monachum, <i>ama Scripturarum studia, et carnis vitia non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5175 amabis</i>. Avertit enim animum a cogitatione lasciviae, et carnem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5176 macerat, propter studii laborem, secundum illud Eccli. XXXI,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5177 vigilia honestatis tabefaciet carnes. Valet etiam ad auferendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5178 cupiditatem divitiarum. Unde Sap. VII dicitur, <i>divitias nihil
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5179 esse dixi in comparatione illius</i>. Et I Machab. XII dicitur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5180 <i>nos autem nullo horum indiguimus</i>, scilicet exteriorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5181 subsidiorum, <i>habentes solatio sanctos libros qui in manibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5182 nostris sunt</i>. Valet etiam ad obedientiae documentum. Unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5183 Augustinus dicit, in libro de operibus Monach., <i>quae est ista
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5184 perversitas, lectioni nolle obtemperare, dum vult ei vacare?</i> Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5185 ideo manifestum est quod congrue potest institui religio ad studium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5186 litterarum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5187 <p title="II-II q. 188 a. 5 ad 1"><a name="46610"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5188 "ref">[46610] IIª-IIae, q. 188 a. 5 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5189 ergo dicendum quod Glossa ibi exponit de littera veteris legis, de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5190 qua apostolus dicit, II ad Cor. III, littera occidit. Unde non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5191 cognoscere litteraturam est non approbare litteralem circumcisionem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5192 et ceteras carnales observantias.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5193 <p title="II-II q. 188 a. 5 ad 2"><a name="46611"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5194 "ref">[46611] IIª-IIae, q. 188 a. 5 ad 2</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5195 secundum dicendum quod studium ad scientiam ordinatur, quae sine
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5196 caritate inflat, et per consequens dissensiones facit, secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5197 illud Prov. XIII, inter superbos semper sunt iurgia; sed cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5198 caritate aedificat, et concordiam parit. Unde I ad Cor. I,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5199 apostolus, cum dixisset, <i>divites facti estis in omni verbo et in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5200 omni scientia</i>, postmodum subdit, <i>idipsum dicatis omnes, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5201 non sint in vobis schismata</i>. Hieronymus tamen non loquitur ibi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5202 de studiis litterarum, sed de studiis dissensionum, quae per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5203 haereticos et schismaticos intraverunt in religione Christiana.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5204 <p title="II-II q. 188 a. 5 ad 3"><a name="46612"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5205 "ref">[46612] IIª-IIae, q. 188 a. 5 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5206 dicendum quod philosophi profitebantur studia litterarum quantum ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5207 saeculares doctrinas. Sed religiosis competit principaliter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5208 intendere studio litterarum pertinentium ad doctrinam quae secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5209 pietatem est, ut dicitur Tit. I. Aliis autem doctrinis intendere
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5210 non pertinet ad religiosos, quorum tota vita divinis obsequiis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5211 mancipatur, nisi inquantum ordinantur ad sacram doctrinam. Unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5212 Augustinus dicit, in fine musicae, <i>nos, dum negligendos esse non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5213 aestimamus quos haeretici rationum et scientiae fallaci
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5214 pollicitatione decipiunt, tardius incedimus consideratione ipsarum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5215 viarum. Quod tamen facere non auderemus, nisi multos pios Ecclesiae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5216 filios, eadem refellendorum haereticorum necessitate, fecisse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5217 videremus</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5218 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5219 <div class="E">Articulus 6</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5220 <p title="II-II q. 188 a. 6 arg. 1"><a name="46613"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5221 "ref">[46613] IIª-IIae, q. 188 a. 6 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5222 sextum sic proceditur. Videtur quod religio quae vacat vitae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5223 contemplativae, non sit potior ea quae vacat operationibus vitae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5224 activae. Dicitur enim extra, de regularibus et Transeunt. ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5225 Relig., cap. licet, <i>sicut maius bonum minori bono praeponitur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5226 ita communis utilitas speciali utilitati praefertur, et in hoc casu
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5227 recte praeponitur doctrina silentio, sollicitudo contemplationi, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5228 labor quieti</i>. Sed religio est melior quae ad maius bonum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5229 ordinatur. Ergo videtur quod religiones quae ordinantur ad vitam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5230 activam, sint potiores illis quae ordinantur ad vitam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5231 contemplativam.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5232 <p title="II-II q. 188 a. 6 arg. 2"><a name="46614"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5233 "ref">[46614] IIª-IIae, q. 188 a. 6 arg. 2</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5234 Praeterea, omnis religio ordinatur ad perfectionem caritatis, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5235 supra habitum est. Sed super illud Heb. XII, nondum usque ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5236 sanguinem restitistis, dicit Glossa, <i>perfectior in hac vita
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5237 dilectio nulla est ea ad quam sancti martyres pervenerunt, qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5238 contra peccatum usque ad sanguinem certaverunt</i>. Certare autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5239 usque ad sanguinem competit religionibus quae ad militiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5240 ordinantur, quae tamen pertinent ad vitam activam. Ergo videtur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5241 quod huiusmodi religiones sint potissimae.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5242 <p title="II-II q. 188 a. 6 arg. 3"><a name="46615"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5243 "ref">[46615] IIª-IIae, q. 188 a. 6 arg. 3</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5244 Praeterea, tanto videtur esse aliqua religio perfectior, quanto est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5245 arctior. Sed nihil prohibet aliquas religiones ad vitam activam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5246 ordinatas esse arctioris observantiae quam illae quae ordinantur ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5247 vitam contemplativam. Ergo sunt potiores.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5248 <p title="II-II q. 188 a. 6 s. c."><a name="46616"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5249 "ref">[46616] IIª-IIae, q. 188 a. 6 s. c.</span></a> Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5250 contra est quod dominus, Luc. X, dicit optimam partem esse Mariae,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5251 per quam vita contemplativa significatur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5252 <p title="II-II q. 188 a. 6 co."><a name="46617"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5253 "ref">[46617] IIª-IIae, q. 188 a. 6 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5254 dicendum quod, sicut supra dictum est, differentia unius religionis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5255 ad aliam principaliter quidem attenditur ex parte finis, secundario
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5256 autem ex parte exercitii. Et quia non potest aliquid dici altero
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5257 potius nisi secundum id in quo ab eo differt, ideo excellentia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5258 unius religionis super aliam principaliter quidem attenditur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5259 secundum religionis finem, secundario autem secundum exercitium.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5260 Diversimode tamen secundum utrumque comparatio attenditur, nam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5261 comparatio quae est secundum finem est absoluta, eo quod finis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5262 propter se quaeritur; comparatio autem quae est secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5263 exercitium, est respectiva, quia exercitium non quaeritur propter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5264 se, sed propter finem. Et ideo illa religio alteri praefertur quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5265 ordinatur ad finem absolute potiorem, vel quia est maius bonum; vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5266 quia ad plura bona ordinatur. Si vero sit finis idem, secundario
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5267 attenditur praeeminentia religionis, non secundum quantitatem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5268 exercitii, sed secundum proportionem eius ad finem intentum. Unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5269 et in collationibus patrum introducitur sententia beati Antonii,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5270 qui praetulit discretionem, per quam aliquis omnia moderatur, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5271 ieiuniis et vigiliis et omnibus huiusmodi observantiis. Sic ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5272 dicendum est quod opus vitae activae est duplex. Unum quidem quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5273 ex plenitudine contemplationis derivatur, sicut doctrina et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5274 praedicatio. Unde et Gregorius dicit, in V Homil. super Ezech.,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5275 quod <i>de perfectis viris post contemplationem suam redeuntibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5276 dicitur, memoriam suavitatis tuae eructabunt</i>. Et hoc praefertur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5277 simplici contemplationi. Sicut enim maius est illuminare quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5278 lucere solum, ita maius est contemplata aliis tradere quam solum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5279 contemplari. Aliud autem est opus activae vitae quod totaliter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5280 consistit in occupatione exteriori, sicut eleemosynas dare,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5281 hospites recipere, et alia huiusmodi. Quae sunt minora operibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5282 contemplationis, nisi forte in casu necessitatis, ut ex supra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5283 dictis patet. Sic ergo summum gradum in religionibus tenent quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5284 ordinantur ad docendum et praedicandum. Quae et propinquissimae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5285 sunt perfectioni episcoporum, sicut et in aliis rebus <i>fines
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5286 primorum coniunguntur principiis secundorum</i>, ut Dionysius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5287 dicit, VII cap. de Div. Nom. Secundum autem gradum tenent illae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5288 quae ordinantur ad contemplationem. Tertius est earum quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5289 occupantur circa exteriores actiones. In singulis autem horum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5290 graduum potest attendi praeeminentia secundum quod una religio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5291 ordinatur ad altiorem actum in eodem genere, sicut inter opera
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5292 activae, potius est redimere captivos quam recipere hospites; et in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5293 operibus contemplativae, potior est oratio quam lectio. Potest
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5294 etiam attendi praeeminentia, si una earum ad plura horum ordinetur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5295 quam alia, vel si convenientiora statuta habeat ad finem propositum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5296 consequendum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5297 <p title="II-II q. 188 a. 6 ad 1"><a name="46618"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5298 "ref">[46618] IIª-IIae, q. 188 a. 6 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5299 ergo dicendum quod decretalis illa loquitur de vita activa prout
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5300 ordinatur ad salutem animarum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5301 <p title="II-II q. 188 a. 6 ad 2"><a name="46619"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5302 "ref">[46619] IIª-IIae, q. 188 a. 6 ad 2</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5303 secundum dicendum quod religiones quae instituuntur propter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5304 militiam, directius ordinantur ad hoc quod effundant sanguinem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5305 hostium, quam ad hoc quod eorum sanguis fundatur, quod proprie
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5306 martyribus competit. Nihil tamen prohibet huiusmodi religiosos in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5307 aliquo casu meritum martyrii consequi, et in hoc praeferri aliis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5308 religiosis, sicut et opera activa interdum in aliquo casu
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5309 praeferuntur contemplationi.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5310 <p title="II-II q. 188 a. 6 ad 3"><a name="46620"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5311 "ref">[46620] IIª-IIae, q. 188 a. 6 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5312 dicendum quod arctitudo observantiarum non est id quod praecipue in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5313 religione commendatur, ut beatus Antonius dicit. Et Isaiae LVIII
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5314 dicitur, <i>nunquid hoc est ieiunium quod elegi, per diem affligere
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5315 animam suam?</i> Assumitur tamen in religione ut necessaria ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5316 carnis macerationem, quae, si sine discretione fit, periculum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5317 deficiendi habet annexum, sicut beatus Antonius dicit. Et ideo non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5318 est potior religio ex hoc quod habet arctiores observantias, sed ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5319 hoc quod ex maiori discretione sunt eius observantiae ordinatae ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5320 finem religionis. Sicut ad continentiam efficacius ordinatur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5321 maceratio carnis per abstinentiam cibi et potus, quae pertinent ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5322 famem et sitim, quam per subtractionem vestium, quae pertinent ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5323 frigus et nuditatem; et quam per corporalem laborem.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5324 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5325 <div class="E">Articulus 7</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5326 <p title="II-II q. 188 a. 7 arg. 1"><a name="46621"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5327 "ref">[46621] IIª-IIae, q. 188 a. 7 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5328 septimum sic proceditur. Videtur quod habere aliquid in communi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5329 diminuat perfectionem religionis. Dicit enim dominus, Matth. XIX,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5330 <i>si vis perfectus esse, vade et vende omnia quae habes et da
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5331 pauperibus</i>, ex quo patet quod carere mundanis divitiis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5332 pertineat ad perfectionem vitae Christianae. Sed illi qui habent
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5333 aliquid in communi, non carent mundanis divitiis. Ergo videtur quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5334 non attingant omnino ad perfectionem Christianae vitae.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5335 <p title="II-II q. 188 a. 7 arg. 2"><a name="46622"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5336 "ref">[46622] IIª-IIae, q. 188 a. 7 arg. 2</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5337 Praeterea, ad perfectionem consiliorum pertinet ut homo mundana
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5338 sollicitudine careat, unde et apostolus, I ad Cor. VII, dans
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5339 consilium de virginitate, dicit, <i>volo vos sine sollicitudine
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5340 esse</i>. Sed ad sollicitudinem praesentis vitae pertinet quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5341 aliqui reservent sibi aliquid in futurum, quam quidem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5342 sollicitudinem dominus discipulis prohibet, Matth. VI, dicens,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5343 nolite solliciti esse in crastinum. Ergo videtur quod habere
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5344 aliquid in communi diminuat perfectionem Christianae vitae.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5345 <p title="II-II q. 188 a. 7 arg. 3"><a name="46623"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5346 "ref">[46623] IIª-IIae, q. 188 a. 7 arg. 3</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5347 Praeterea, divitiae communes quodammodo pertinent ad singulos qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5348 sunt in communitate, unde Hieronymus, ad Heliodorum episcopum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5349 dicit de quibusdam, <i>sunt ditiores monachi quam fuerant
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5350 saeculares; possident opes sub Christo paupere, quas sub locuplete
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5351 Diabolo non habuerant; suspirat eos Ecclesia divites, quos tenuit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5352 mundus ante mendicos</i>. Sed quod aliquis habeat divitias proprias
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5353 derogat perfectioni religionis. Ergo etiam perfectioni religionis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5354 derogat quod aliquid in communi habeatur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5355 <p title="II-II q. 188 a. 7 arg. 4"><a name="46624"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5356 "ref">[46624] IIª-IIae, q. 188 a. 7 arg. 4</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5357 Praeterea, Gregorius narrat, in III Dialog., de quodam sanctissimo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5358 viro Isaac, quod, <i>cum ei discipuli humiliter innuerent ut pro
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5359 usu monasterii possessiones quae offerebantur acciperet, ille,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5360 sollicitus suae paupertatis custos, fortem sententiam tenebat,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5361 dicens, monachus qui in terra possessiones quaerit, monachus non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5362 est</i>. Quod intelligitur de communibus possessionibus, quae pro
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5363 communi usu monasterii ei offerebantur. Ergo videtur quod habere
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5364 aliquid in communi tollat perfectionem religionis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5365 <p title="II-II q. 188 a. 7 arg. 5"><a name="46625"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5366 "ref">[46625] IIª-IIae, q. 188 a. 7 arg. 5</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5367 Praeterea, dominus, perfectionem religionis discipulis tradens,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5368 Matth. X, dicit <i>nolite possidere aurum neque argentum, neque
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5369 pecuniam in zonis vestris, non peram in via</i>, per quod, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5370 Hieronymus dicit, <i>arguit philosophos qui vulgo appellantur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5371 Bactroperitae, quod, contemptores saeculi et omnia pro nihilo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5372 ducentes, cellarium secum vehant</i>. Ergo videtur quod reservare
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5373 aliquid, sive in proprio sive in communi, diminuat perfectionem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5374 religionis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5375 <p title="II-II q. 188 a. 7 s. c."><a name="46626"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5376 "ref">[46626] IIª-IIae, q. 188 a. 7 s. c.</span></a> Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5377 contra est quod prosper dicit, in libro de vita Contempl., et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5378 habetur XII, qu. I, <i>satis ostenditur et propria debere propter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5379 perfectionem contemni, et sine impedimento perfectionis, Ecclesiae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5380 posse facultates, quae sunt profecto communia, possidere</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5381 <p title="II-II q. 188 a. 7 co."><a name="46627"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5382 "ref">[46627] IIª-IIae, q. 188 a. 7 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5383 dicendum quod, sicut supra dictum est, perfectio non consistit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5384 essentialiter in paupertate, sed in Christi sequela, secundum illud
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5385 Hieronymi super Matth., <i>quia non sufficit omnia relinquere,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5386 addidit Petrus quod perfectum est</i>, idest, secuti sumus te,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5387 paupertas autem est sicut instrumentum vel exercitium perveniendi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5388 ad perfectionem. Unde in collationibus patrum, abbas Moyses dicit,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5389 <i>ieiunia, vigiliae, meditatio Scripturarum, nuditas, ac privatio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5390 omnium facultatum, non perfectio, sed perfectionis instrumenta
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5391 sunt</i> est autem privatio omnium facultatum, sive paupertas,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5392 perfectionis instrumentum, inquantum per remotionem divitiarum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5393 tolluntur quaedam caritatis impedimenta. Quae sunt praecipue tria.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5394 Quorum primum est sollicitudo, quam secum divitiae afferunt. Unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5395 dominus dicit, Matth. XIII, <i>qui autem est seminatus in spinis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5396 hic est qui verbum audit, et sollicitudo saeculi istius et fallacia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5397 divitiarum suffocat verbum</i> secundum autem est divitiarum amor,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5398 qui ex divitiis possessis augetur. Unde Hieronymus dicit, super
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5399 Matth., quod <i>quia divitiae habitae difficile contemnuntur, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5400 dixit dominus, Matth. XIX, impossibile est divitem intrare in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5401 regnum caelorum, sed, difficile</i>. Tertium autem est inanis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5402 gloria vel elatio, quae ex divitiis nascitur, secundum illud
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5403 Psalmi, <i>qui confidunt in virtute sua, et in multitudine
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5404 divitiarum suarum gloriantur</i>. Horum ergo trium primum a
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5405 divitiis separari non potest totaliter, sive sint magnae sive
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5406 parvae, necesse est enim hominem aliqualiter sollicitari de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5407 acquirendis vel conservandis exterioribus rebus. Sed si res
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5408 exteriores non quaerantur vel habeantur nisi in modica quantitate,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5409 quantum sufficiunt ad simplicem victum, talis sollicitudo non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5410 multum impedit hominem. Unde nec perfectioni repugnat Christianae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5411 vitae. Non enim omnis sollicitudo a domino interdicitur, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5412 superflua et nociva, unde super illud Matth. VI, <i>nolite
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5413 solliciti esse animae vestrae, quid manducetis</i>, etc., dicit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5414 Augustinus, in libro de Serm. Dom. in monte, <i>non hoc dicit, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5415 ista non procurent quantum necessitatis est, sed ut non ista
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5416 intueantur, et propter ista faciant quidquid in Evangelii
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5417 praedicatione facere iubentur</i>. Sed abundans divitiarum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5418 possessio abundantiorem sollicitudinem ingerit, per quam animus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5419 hominis multum distrahitur et impeditur, ne totaliter feratur in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5420 Dei obsequium. Alia vero duo, scilicet amor divitiarum et elatio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5421 seu gloriatio de divitiis, non consequuntur nisi abundantes
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5422 divitias. Differt tamen circa hoc utrum divitiae, abundantes vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5423 moderatae, in proprio vel in communi habeantur. Nam sollicitudo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5424 quae circa proprias divitias adhibetur, pertinet ad amorem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5425 privatum, quo quis se temporaliter amat, sed sollicitudo quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5426 adhibetur circa res communes, pertinet ad amorem caritatis, quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5427 non quaerit quae sua sunt, sed communibus intendit. Et quia religio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5428 ad perfectionem caritatis ordinatur, quam perficit amor Dei usque
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5429 ad contemptum sui; habere aliquid proprium repugnat perfectioni
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5430 religionis. Sed sollicitudo quae adhibetur circa bona communia,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5431 pertinere potest ad caritatem, licet etiam per hoc impediri possit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5432 aliquis altior caritatis actus, puta contemplationis divinae aut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5433 instructionis proximorum. Ex quo patet quod habere superabundantes
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5434 divitias in communi, sive in rebus mobilibus sive immobilibus, est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5435 impedimentum perfectionis, licet non totaliter excludat eam. Habere
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5436 autem de rebus exterioribus in communi, sive mobilibus sive
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5437 immobilibus, quantum sufficit ad simplicem victum, perfectionem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5438 religionis non impedit, si consideretur paupertas in comparatione
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5439 ad communem finem religionum, qui est vacare divinis obsequiis. Si
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5440 autem consideretur per comparationem ad speciales fines religionum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5441 sic, praesupposito tali fine, paupertas maior vel minor est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5442 religioni accommoda, et tanto erit unaquaeque religio secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5443 paupertatem perfectior, quanto habet paupertatem magis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5444 proportionatam suo fini. Manifestum est enim quod ad exteriora et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5445 corporalia opera vitae activae indiget homo copia exteriorum rerum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5446 ad contemplationem autem pauca requiruntur. Unde philosophus dicit,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5447 in X Ethic., quod <i>ad actiones multis opus est, et quanto utique
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5448 maiores sunt et meliores, pluribus, speculanti autem nullo talium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5449 ad operationem necessitas</i> sed solis necessariis indiget; alia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5450 vero impedimenta sunt ad speculationem. Sic igitur patet quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5451 religio quae ordinatur ad actiones corporales activae vitae, puta
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5452 ad militandum vel ad hospitalitatem sectandam, imperfecta esset si
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5453 communibus careret divitiis. Religiones autem quae ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5454 contemplativam vitam ordinantur, tanto perfectiores sunt, quanto
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5455 eorum paupertas minorem eis sollicitudinem temporalium ingerit.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5456 Tanto autem sollicitudo temporalium rerum magis impedit religionem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5457 quanto sollicitudo spiritualium maior ad religionem requiritur.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5458 Manifestum est autem quod maiorem sollicitudinem spiritualium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5459 requirit religio quae est instituta ad contemplandum et contemplata
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5460 aliis tradendum per doctrinam et praedicationem, quam illa quae est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5461 instituta ad contemplandum tantum. Unde talem religionem decet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5462 paupertas talis quae minimam sollicitudinem ingerat. Manifestum est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5463 autem quod minimam sollicitudinem ingerit conservare res usui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5464 hominum necessarias, tempore congruo procuratas. Et ideo tribus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5465 gradibus religionum supra positis triplex gradus paupertatis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5466 competit. Nam illis religionibus quae ordinantur ad corporales
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5467 actiones activae vitae, competit habere abundantiam divitiarum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5468 communium. Illis autem religionibus quae sunt ordinatae ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5469 contemplandum, magis competit habere possessiones moderatas, nisi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5470 simul oporteat tales religiosos, per se vel per alios,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5471 hospitalitatem tenere et pauperibus subvenire. Illis autem quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5472 ordinantur ad contemplata aliis tradendum, competit vitam habere
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5473 maxime ab exterioribus sollicitudinibus expeditam. Quod quidem fit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5474 dum modica quae sunt necessaria vitae, congruo tempore procurata,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5475 conservantur. Et hoc dominus, paupertatis institutor, docuit suo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5476 exemplo, habebat enim loculos, Iudae commissos, in quibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5477 recondebantur ei oblata, ut habetur Ioan. XII. Nec obstat quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5478 Hieronymus dicit, super Matth., <i>si quis obiicere voluerit,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5479 quomodo Iudas in loculis pecuniam portabat? Respondebimus, quia rem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5480 pauperum in usus suos convertere nefas putavit</i>, scilicet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5481 solvendo tributum, quia inter illos pauperes praecipui erant eius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5482 discipuli, in quorum necessitates pecunia loculorum Christi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5483 expendebatur. Dicitur enim Ioan. IV, quod <i>discipuli abierant in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5484 civitatem ut cibos emerent</i>, et Ioan. XIII dicitur quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5485 <i>discipuli putabant, quia loculos habebat Iudas, quod dixisset ei
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5486 Iesus, eme quae opus sunt nobis ad diem festum; aut ut egenis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5487 aliquid daret</i>. Ex quo patet quod conservare pecuniam, aut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5488 quascumque alias res communes, ad sustentationem religiosorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5489 congregationis eiusdem, vel quorumcumque aliorum pauperum, est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5490 conforme perfectioni, quam Christus docuit suo exemplo. Sed et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5491 discipuli, post resurrectionem, a quibus omnis religio sumpsit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5492 originem, pretia praediorum conservabant, et distribuebant
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5493 unicuique prout cuique opus erat.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5494 <p title="II-II q. 188 a. 7 ad 1"><a name="46628"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5495 "ref">[46628] IIª-IIae, q. 188 a. 7 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5496 ergo dicendum quod, sicut dictum est, ex illo verbo domini non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5497 intelligitur quod ipsa paupertas sit perfectio, sed perfectionis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5498 instrumentum, et, sicut ostensum est, minimum inter tria
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5499 principalia instrumenta perfectionis; nam votum continentiae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5500 praeeminet voto paupertatis, et votum obedientiae praefertur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5501 utrique. Quia vero instrumentum non propter se quaeritur, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5502 propter finem, non tanto aliquid fit melius quanto maius est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5503 instrumentum, sed quanto magis est fini proportionatum, sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5504 medicus non tanto magis sanat quanto maiorem dat medicinam, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5505 quanto medicina est magis proportionata morbo. Sic igitur non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5506 oportet quod religio tanto sit perfectior quanto maiorem habet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5507 paupertatem, sed quanto eius paupertas est magis proportionata
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5508 communi fini et speciali. Et si daretur quod excessus paupertatis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5509 faceret religionem perfectiorem secundum hoc quod est pauperior,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5510 non tamen faceret eam perfectiorem simpliciter posset enim esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5511 quod alia religio excederet in his quae pertinent ad continentiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5512 et obedientiam, et sic esset simpliciter perfectior, quia quod in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5513 melioribus excedit, est simpliciter melius.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5514 <p title="II-II q. 188 a. 7 ad 2"><a name="46629"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5515 "ref">[46629] IIª-IIae, q. 188 a. 7 ad 2</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5516 secundum dicendum quod per hoc quod dominus dicit, nolite solliciti
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5517 esse in crastinum, non intelligitur quod nihil reservetur in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5518 futurum. Hoc enim periculosum esse beatus Antonius, in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5519 collationibus patrum, ostendit, dicens quod <i>privationem omnium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5520 facultatum ita sectantes ut ex ipsis nec unius quidem diei victum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5521 sibimet, unumve denarium superesse paterentur</i>, et alia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5522 huiusmodi facientes, <i>ita vidimus repente deceptos ut arreptum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5523 opus non potuerint congruo exitu terminare</i>. Et ut Augustinus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5524 dicit, in libro de operibus Monach., si hoc verbum domini, nolite
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5525 solliciti esse in crastinum, ita intelligatur ut nihil in crastinum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5526 reponatur, <i>non poterunt ista servare qui se per multos dies a
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5527 conspectu hominum separatos includunt, viventes in magna intentione
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5528 orationum</i>. Et postea subdit, <i>an forte, quo sunt sanctiores,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5529 eo sunt volucribus dissimiliores?</i> Et postea subdit, <i>si enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5530 urgeantur ex Evangelio ut nihil reponant in crastinum, respondent,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5531 cur ergo ipse dominus loculos habuit, ubi pecuniam collectam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5532 reponeret? Cur tanto ante, fame imminente, frumenta sanctis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5533 patribus missa sunt? Cur apostoli indigentiae sanctorum necessaria
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5534 procurarunt?</i> Quod ergo dicitur, nolite solliciti esse in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5535 crastinum, secundum Hieronymum, sic exponitur, <i>sufficit nobis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5536 praesentis temporis cogitatio, futura, quae incerta sunt, Deo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5537 relinquamus</i>. Secundum Chrysostomum, sic, <i>sufficit labor quem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5538 pateris propter necessaria, noli de superfluis laborare</i>.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5539 Secundum Augustinum, sic, <i>cum aliquid boni operamur, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5540 temporalia, quae significantur per crastinum, sed aeterna
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5541 cogitemus</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5542 <p title="II-II q. 188 a. 7 ad 3"><a name="46630"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5543 "ref">[46630] IIª-IIae, q. 188 a. 7 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5544 dicendum quod verbum Hieronymi habet locum ubi sunt superabundantes
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5545 divitiae quae habentur quasi propriae, vel per quarum abusum etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5546 singuli de communitate superbiunt et lasciviunt. Non autem habet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5547 locum in divitiis moderatis communiter conservatis ad solam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5548 sustentationem vitae, qua singuli indigent, eadem enim est ratio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5549 quod singuli utantur his quae pertinent ad necessaria vitae, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5550 quod communiter conserventur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5551 <p title="II-II q. 188 a. 7 ad 4"><a name="46631"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5552 "ref">[46631] IIª-IIae, q. 188 a. 7 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5553 dicendum quod Isaac possessiones renuebat recipere, quia timebat ne
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5554 per hoc ad superfluas divitias veniretur, per quarum abusum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5555 impediretur religionis perfectio. Unde Gregorius ibidem subdit,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5556 <i>sic metuebat paupertatem suae securitatis perdere, sicut avari
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5557 divites solent perituras divitias custodire</i>. Non autem legitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5558 quod renuerit recipere aliqua necessaria ad vitae sustentationem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5559 communiter conservanda.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5560 <p title="II-II q. 188 a. 7 ad 5"><a name="46632"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5561 "ref">[46632] IIª-IIae, q. 188 a. 7 ad 5</span></a> Ad quintum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5562 dicendum quod philosophus, in I Polit., dicit panem et vinum et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5563 alia huiusmodi esse divitias naturales, pecunias vero divitias
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5564 artificiales. Et inde est quod quidam philosophi nolebant uti
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5565 pecunia, sed aliis rebus, quasi secundum naturam viventes. Et ideo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5566 Hieronymus, ibidem, per sententiam domini, qui similiter utrumque
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5567 interdicit, ostendit quod in idem redit habere pecuniam, et alias
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5568 res necessarias vitae. Et tamen, licet dominus huiusmodi non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5569 portari in via ab his qui ad praedicandum mittebantur, ordinaverit,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5570 non tamen ea in communi conservari prohibuit. Qualiter tamen illa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5571 verba domini sint intelligenda, supra ostensum est.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5572 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5573 <div class="E">Articulus 8</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5574 <p title="II-II q. 188 a. 8 arg. 1"><a name="46633"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5575 "ref">[46633] IIª-IIae, q. 188 a. 8 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5576 octavum sic proceditur. Videtur quod perfectior sit religio in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5577 societate viventium quam agentium solitariam vitam. Dicitur enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5578 Eccle. IV, <i>melius est duos esse quam unum, habent enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5579 emolumentum societatis suae</i>. Ergo videtur perfectior esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5580 religio in societate viventium.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5581 <p title="II-II q. 188 a. 8 arg. 2"><a name="46634"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5582 "ref">[46634] IIª-IIae, q. 188 a. 8 arg. 2</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5583 Praeterea, Matth. XVIII dicitur, <i>ubi fuerint duo vel tres
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5584 congregati in nomine meo, ibi sum ego in medio eorum</i>. Sed nihil
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5585 potest esse melius quam Christi societas. Ergo videtur quod vivere
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5586 in congregatione sit melius quam ducere solitariam vitam.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5587 <p title="II-II q. 188 a. 8 arg. 3"><a name="46635"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5588 "ref">[46635] IIª-IIae, q. 188 a. 8 arg. 3</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5589 Praeterea, inter alia religionis vota, votum obedientiae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5590 excellentius est, et humilitas est maxime Deo accepta. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5591 obedientia et humilitas magis observatur in communi conversatione
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5592 quam in solitudine. Dicit enim Hieronymus, in epistola ad rusticum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5593 monachum, <i>in solitudine cito subrepit superbia, dormit quando
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5594 voluerit, facit quod voluerit</i>. E contrario autem ipse docet eum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5595 qui in societate vivit, dicens, <i>non facias quod vis, comedas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5596 quod iuberis, habeas quantum acceperis, subiiciaris cui non vis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5597 servias fratribus, praepositum monasterii timeas ut Deum, diligas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5598 ut parentem</i>. Ergo videtur quod religio viventium in societate
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5599 sit perfectior ea quae solitariam vitam agit.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5600 <p title="II-II q. 188 a. 8 arg. 4"><a name="46636"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5601 "ref">[46636] IIª-IIae, q. 188 a. 8 arg. 4</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5602 Praeterea, dominus dicit, Luc. XI, <i>nemo accendit lucernam et in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5603 abscondito ponit, neque sub modio</i>. Sed illi qui solitariam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5604 vitam agunt, videntur esse in abscondito positi, nihil utilitatis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5605 hominibus afferentes. Ergo videtur quod eorum religio non sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5606 perfectior.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5607 <p title="II-II q. 188 a. 8 arg. 5"><a name="46637"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5608 "ref">[46637] IIª-IIae, q. 188 a. 8 arg. 5</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5609 Praeterea, id quod est contra naturam hominis, non videtur ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5610 perfectionem virtutis pertinere. Sed homo naturaliter est animal
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5611 sociale, ut philosophus dicit, in I Polit. Ergo videtur quod agere
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5612 solitariam vitam non sit perfectius quam agere vitam socialem.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5613 <p title="II-II q. 188 a. 8 s. c."><a name="46638"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5614 "ref">[46638] IIª-IIae, q. 188 a. 8 s. c.</span></a> Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5615 contra est quod Augustinus, in libro de operibus Monach., illos
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5616 sanctiores esse dicit qui, <i>a conspectu hominum separati, nulli
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5617 ad se praebent accessum, viventes in magna intentione
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5618 orationum</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5619 <p title="II-II q. 188 a. 8 co."><a name="46639"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5620 "ref">[46639] IIª-IIae, q. 188 a. 8 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5621 dicendum quod solitudo, sicut et paupertas, non est ipsa essentia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5622 perfectionis, sed perfectionis instrumentum, unde in collationibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5623 patrum, dicit abbas Moyses quod pro puritate cordis, solitudo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5624 sectanda est, sicut et ieiunia et alia huiusmodi. Manifestum est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5625 autem quod solitudo non est instrumentum congruum actioni, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5626 contemplationi, secundum illud Osee II, <i>ducam eam in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5627 solitudinem, et loquar ad cor eius</i>. Unde non congruit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5628 religionibus quae sunt ordinatae ad opera vitae activae, sive
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5629 corporalia sive spiritualia, nisi forte ad tempus, exemplo Christi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5630 qui, ut dicitur Luc. VI, <i>exiit in montem orare et erat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5631 pernoctans in oratione Dei</i>. Competit autem religionibus quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5632 sunt ad contemplationem ordinatae. Considerandum tamen est quod id
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5633 quod est solitarium, debet esse sibi per se sufficiens. Hoc autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5634 est cui nihil deest, quod pertinet ad rationem perfecti. Et ideo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5635 solitudo competit contemplanti qui iam ad perfectum pervenit. Quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5636 quidem contingit dupliciter. Uno modo, ex solo divino munere, sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5637 patet de Ioanne Baptista, <i>qui fuit repletus spiritu sancto adhuc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5638 ex utero matris suae</i>; unde et cum adhuc puer esset, erat in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5639 desertis, ut dicitur Luc. I. Alio modo, per exercitium virtuosi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5640 actus, secundum illud Heb. V, <i>perfectorum est solidus cibus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5641 eorum qui pro consuetudine exercitatos habent sensus ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5642 discretionem boni et mali</i>. Ad exercitium autem huiusmodi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5643 iuvatur homo ex aliorum societate, dupliciter. Uno modo, quantum ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5644 intellectum, ut instruatur in his quae sunt contemplanda, unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5645 Hieronymus dicit, ad rusticum monachum, <i>mihi placet ut habeas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5646 sacrum contubernium, nec ipse te doceas</i>. Secundo, quantum ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5647 affectum, ut scilicet noxiae affectiones hominis reprimantur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5648 exemplo et correctione aliorum, quia ut dicit Gregorius, XXX
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5649 Moral., super illud, cui dedi in solitudine domum, <i>quid prodest
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5650 solitudo corporis, si solitudo defuerit cordis?</i> Et ideo vita
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5651 socialis necessaria est ad exercitium perfectionis, solitudo autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5652 competit iam perfectis. Unde Hieronymus dicit, ad rusticum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5653 monachum, <i>solitariam vitam comprehendimus minime, quam semper
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5654 laudabimus, sed de ludo monasteriorum huiusmodi volumus egredi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5655 milites quos rudimenta non terreant, qui specimen conversationis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5656 suae multo tempore dederint</i>. Sicut igitur id quod iam perfectum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5657 est, praeeminet ei quod ad perfectionem exercetur; ita vita
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5658 solitariorum, si debite assumatur, praeeminet vitae sociali. Si
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5659 autem absque praecedenti exercitio talis vita assumatur, est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5660 periculosissima, nisi per divinam gratiam suppleatur quod in aliis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5661 per exercitium acquiritur, sicut patet de beatis Antonio et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5662 Benedicto.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5663 <p title="II-II q. 188 a. 8 ad 1"><a name="46640"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5664 "ref">[46640] IIª-IIae, q. 188 a. 8 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5665 ergo dicendum quod Salomon ostendit melius esse quod sint duo simul
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5666 quam unus, propter auxilium quod unus habet ab alio, vel ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5667 sublevandum vel ad fovendum vel ad spiritualiter calefaciendum. Quo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5668 quidem auxilio iam non indigent qui sunt perfectionem assecuti.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5669 <p title="II-II q. 188 a. 8 ad 2"><a name="46641"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5670 "ref">[46641] IIª-IIae, q. 188 a. 8 ad 2</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5671 secundum dicendum quod, sicut dicitur I Ioan. IV, <i>qui manet in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5672 caritate, in Deo manet, et Deus in eo</i>. Sicut ergo Christus est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5673 in medio eorum qui sibi invicem per dilectionem proximi sociantur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5674 ita habitat in corde eius qui divinae contemplationi insistit per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5675 dilectionem Dei.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5676 <p title="II-II q. 188 a. 8 ad 3"><a name="46642"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5677 "ref">[46642] IIª-IIae, q. 188 a. 8 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5678 dicendum quod actu obedire est necessarium his qui indigent
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5679 exerceri secundum directionem aliorum ad perfectionem capiendam.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5680 Sed illi qui iam perfecti sunt, spiritu Dei sufficienter aguntur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5681 ut non indigeant actu aliis obedire. Habent tamen obedientiam in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5682 praeparatione animi.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5683 <p title="II-II q. 188 a. 8 ad 4"><a name="46643"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5684 "ref">[46643] IIª-IIae, q. 188 a. 8 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5685 dicendum quod, sicut Augustinus dicit, in XIX de Civ. Dei, <i>a
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5686 studio cognoscendae veritatis nemo prohibetur, quod ad laudabile
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5687 pertinet otium</i>. Quod autem aliquis super candelabrum ponatur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5688 non pertinet ad ipsum, sed ad eius superiores. Quae sarcina si non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5689 imponatur, ut Augustinus ibidem subdit, contemplandae veritati
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5690 vacandum est, ad quam plurimum valet solitudo. Et tamen illi qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5691 solitariam vitam agunt, multum utiles sunt generi humano. Unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5692 Augustinus dicit, in libro de moribus Ecclesiae, de his loquens,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5693 <i>pane solo, qui eis per certa intervalla temporum affertur, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5694 aqua contenti, desertissimas terras incolunt, perfruentes colloquio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5695 Dei, cui puris mentibus inhaeserunt. Videntur autem nonnullis res
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5696 humanas plus quam oporteret deseruisse, non intelligentibus quantum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5697 nobis eorum animus in orationibus prosit, et vita ad exemplum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5698 quorum corpora videre non sinimur</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5699 <p title="II-II q. 188 a. 8 ad 5"><a name="46644"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5700 "ref">[46644] IIª-IIae, q. 188 a. 8 ad 5</span></a> Ad quintum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5701 dicendum quod homo potest solitarius vivere dupliciter. Uno modo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5702 quasi societatem humanam non ferens propter animi saevitiam, et hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5703 est bestiale. Alio modo, per hoc quod totaliter divinis rebus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5704 inhaeret, et hoc est supra hominem. Et ideo philosophus dicit, in I
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5705 Polit., quod ille qui aliis non communicat, est bestia aut Deus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5706 idest divinus vir.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5707 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5708 <div class="D">Quaestio 189</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5709 <div class="G">Prooemium</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5710 <p title="II-II q. 189 pr."><a name="46645"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5711 "ref">[46645] IIª-IIae, q. 189 pr.</span></a> Deinde
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5712 considerandum est de ingressu religionis. Et circa hoc quaeruntur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5713 decem. Primo, utrum illi qui non sunt exercitati in observantia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5714 praeceptorum, debeant religionem ingredi. Secundo, utrum liceat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5715 aliquos voto obligare ad religionis ingressum. Tertio, utrum illi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5716 qui voto obligantur ad religionis ingressum, teneantur votum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5717 implere. Quarto, utrum illi qui vovent religionem intrare,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5718 teneantur ibi perpetuo remanere. Quinto, utrum pueri sint
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5719 recipiendi in religione. Sexto, utrum propter parentum obsequium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5720 aliqui debeant retrahi a religionis ingressu. Septimo, utrum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5721 presbyteri curati vel archidiaconi possint ad religionem transire
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5722 octavo, utrum de una religione possit aliquis transire ad aliam.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5723 Nono, utrum aliquis debeat alios inducere ad religionis ingressum.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5724 Decimo, utrum requiratur magna deliberatio cum consanguineis et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5725 amicis ad religionis ingressum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5726 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5727 <div class="E">Articulus 1</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5728 <p title="II-II q. 189 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="46646"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5729 "ref">[46646] IIª-IIae, q. 189 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5730 primum sic proceditur. Videtur quod non debeant religionem ingredi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5731 nisi qui sunt in praeceptis exercitati. Dominus enim consilium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5732 perfectionis dedit adolescenti qui dixerat se praecepta a iuventute
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5733 servasse. Sed a Christo sumpsit initium omnis religio. Ergo videtur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5734 quod non sunt ad religionem admittendi nisi qui sunt in praeceptis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5735 exercitati.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5736 <p title="II-II q. 189 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="46647"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5737 "ref">[46647] IIª-IIae, q. 189 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5738 Praeterea, Gregorius dicit, super Ezech., <i>nemo repente fit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5739 summus, sed in bona conversatione a minimis quis inchoat, ut ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5740 magna perveniat</i>. Sed magna sunt consilia, quae pertinent ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5741 perfectionem vitae, minora autem sunt praecepta, quae pertinent ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5742 communem iustitiam. Ergo videtur quod non debent aliqui, ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5743 observantiam consiliorum, religionem intrare, nisi prius fuerint in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5744 praeceptis exercitati.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5745 <p title="II-II q. 189 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="46648"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5746 "ref">[46648] IIª-IIae, q. 189 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5747 Praeterea, sicut sacri ordines habent quandam excellentiam in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5748 Ecclesia, ita et status religionis. Sed sicut Gregorius scribit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5749 Siagrio episcopo, et habetur in decretis, dist. XLVIII, <i>ordinate
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5750 ad ordines accedendum est, nam casum appetit qui ad summi loci
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5751 fastigia, postpositis gradibus, per abrupta quaerit ascensum.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5752 Scimus enim quod aedificati parietes non prius tignorum pondus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5753 accipiunt, nisi a novitatis suae humore siccentur, ne, si ante
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5754 pondera quam solidentur accipiant, cunctam simul fabricam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5755 deponant</i>. Ergo videtur quod non debent aliqui ad religionem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5756 transire nisi in praeceptis exercitati.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5757 <p title="II-II q. 189 a. 1 arg. 4"><a name="46649"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5758 "ref">[46649] IIª-IIae, q. 189 a. 1 arg. 4</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5759 Praeterea, super illud Psalmi, sicut ablactatus super matre sua,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5760 dicit Glossa, <i>in utero matris Ecclesiae primo concipimur, dum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5761 fidei rudimentis instruimur; deinde in lucem edimur, dum per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5762 Baptismum regeneramur; deinde quasi manibus Ecclesiae portamur et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5763 lacte nutrimur, cum post Baptismum bonis operibus informamur et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5764 lacte spiritualis doctrinae nutrimur, proficiendo donec, iam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5765 grandiusculi, a lacte matris accedamus ad mensam patris; idest, a
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5766 simplici doctrina, ubi praedicatur verbum caro factum, accedamus ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5767 verbum patris in principio apud Deum</i>. Et postea subdit quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5768 <i>nuper baptizati in sabbato sancto, quasi manibus Ecclesiae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5769 gestantur et lacte nutriuntur usque ad Pentecosten, quo tempore
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5770 nulla difficilia indicuntur, non ieiunatur, non media nocte
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5771 surgitur, postea, spiritu Paraclito confirmati, quasi ablactati,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5772 incipiunt ieiunare et alia difficilia servare. Multi vero hunc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5773 ordinem pervertunt, ut haeretici et schismatici, se ante tempus a
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5774 lacte separantes, unde exstinguuntur</i>. Sed hunc ordinem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5775 pervertere videntur illi qui religionem intrant, vel alios ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5776 intrandum inducunt, antequam sint in faciliori observantia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5777 praeceptorum exercitati. Ergo videtur quod sint haeretici vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5778 schismatici.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5779 <p title="II-II q. 189 a. 1 arg. 5"><a name="46650"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5780 "ref">[46650] IIª-IIae, q. 189 a. 1 arg. 5</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5781 Praeterea, a prioribus ad posteriora est transeundum. Sed praecepta
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5782 sunt priora consiliis, quia sunt communiora, utpote a quibus non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5783 convertitur consequentia essendi, quicumque enim servat consilia,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5784 servat praecepta, sed non convertitur. Congruus autem ordo est ut a
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5785 prioribus ad posteriora transeatur. Ergo non debet aliquis transire
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5786 ad observantiam consiliorum in religione, nisi prius sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5787 exercitatus in praeceptis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5788 <p title="II-II q. 189 a. 1 s. c."><a name="46651"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5789 "ref">[46651] IIª-IIae, q. 189 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5790 contra est quod dominus Matthaeum publicanum, qui in observantia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5791 praeceptorum exercitatus non erat, advocavit ad consiliorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5792 observantiam, dicitur enim Luc. V, quod, relictis omnibus, secutus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5793 est eum. Ergo non est necessarium quod ante aliquis exerceatur in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5794 observantia praeceptorum quam transeat ad perfectionem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5795 consiliorum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5796 <p title="II-II q. 189 a. 1 co."><a name="46652"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5797 "ref">[46652] IIª-IIae, q. 189 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5798 dicendum quod, sicut ex supra dictis patet, status religionis est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5799 quoddam spirituale exercitium ad consequendum perfectionem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5800 caritatis, quod quidem fit inquantum per religionis observantias
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5801 auferuntur impedimenta perfectae caritatis. Haec autem sunt quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5802 implicant affectum hominis ad terrena. Per hoc autem quod affectus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5803 hominis implicatur ad terrena, non solum impeditur perfectio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5804 caritatis, sed interdum etiam ipsa caritas perditur, dum per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5805 inordinatam conversionem ad bona temporalia homo avertitur ab
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5806 incommutabili bono mortaliter peccando. Unde patet quod religionis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5807 observantiae, sicut tollunt impedimenta perfectae caritatis, ita
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5808 etiam tollunt occasiones peccandi, sicut patet quod per ieiunium et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5809 vigilias et obedientiam et alia huiusmodi, retrahitur homo a
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5810 peccatis gulae et luxuriae, et a quibuscumque aliis peccatis. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5811 ideo ingredi religionem non solum expedit his qui sunt exercitati
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5812 in praeceptis, ut ad maiorem perfectionem perveniant, sed etiam his
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5813 qui non sunt exercitati, ut facilius peccata vitent et perfectionem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5814 assequantur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5815 <p title="II-II q. 189 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="46653"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5816 "ref">[46653] IIª-IIae, q. 189 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5817 ergo dicendum quod Hieronymus dicit, super Matth., <i>mentitus est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5818 adolescens dicens, haec omnia servavi a iuventute mea. Si enim quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5819 positum est in mandatis, diliges proximum tuum sicut teipsum, opere
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5820 complesset, quomodo postea, audiens, vade et vende omnia quae habes
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5821 et da pauperibus, tristis recessit?</i> Sed intelligendum est eum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5822 mentitum esse quantum ad perfectam observantiam huius praecepti.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5823 Unde Origenes, super Matth., dicit quod <i>scriptum est in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5824 Evangelio secundum Hebraeos, quod cum dominus dixisset ei, vade et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5825 vende omnia quae habes, coepit dives scalpere caput suum. Et dixit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5826 ad eum dominus, quomodo dicis, feci legem et prophetas? Est in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5827 lege, diliges proximum tuum sicut teipsum, et ecce, multi fratres
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5828 tui, filii Abrahae, amicti sunt stercore, morientes prae fame; et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5829 domus tua plena est multis bonis, et non egreditur aliquid omnino
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5830 ex ea ad eos. Itaque dominus, redarguens eum, dicit, si vis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5831 perfectus esse, et cetera. Impossibile est enim implere mandatum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5832 quod dicit, diliges proximum tuum sicut teipsum, et esse divitem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5833 et maxime, tantas possessiones habere</i>. Quod est intelligendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5834 de perfecta impletione huius praecepti. Imperfecte autem et communi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5835 modo verum est eum observasse praecepta. Perfectio enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5836 principaliter in observantia praeceptorum caritatis consistit, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5837 supra habitum est. Ut ergo dominus ostenderet perfectionem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5838 consiliorum utilem esse et innocentibus et peccatoribus, non solum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5839 vocavit adolescentem innocentem, sed etiam Matthaeum peccatorem. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5840 tamen Matthaeus secutus est vocantem, non autem adolescens, quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5841 facilius convertuntur ad religionem peccatores quam illi qui de sua
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5842 innocentia praesumunt, quibus dicit dominus, Matth. XXI,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5843 <i>publicani et meretrices praecedunt vos in regnum Dei</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5844 <p title="II-II q. 189 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="46654"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5845 "ref">[46654] IIª-IIae, q. 189 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5846 secundum dicendum quod summum et infimum tripliciter accipi potest.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5847 Uno modo, in eodem statu et in eodem homine. Et sic manifestum est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5848 quod nemo repente fit summus, quia unusquisque recte vivens toto
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5849 tempore vitae suae proficit, ut ad summum perveniat. Alio modo, per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5850 comparationem ad diversos status. Et sic non oportet ut quicumque
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5851 vult ad superiorem statum pervenire, a minori incipiat, sicut non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5852 oportet ut qui vult esse clericus, prius in laicali vita
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5853 exerceatur. Tertio modo, quantum ad diversas personas. Et sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5854 manifestum est quod unus statim incipit, non solum ab altiori
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5855 statu, sed etiam ab altiori gradu sanctitatis quam sit summum ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5856 quod alius pervenit per totam vitam suam. Unde Gregorius dicit, in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5857 II Dialog., <i>omnes cognoscant, Benedictus puer conversationis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5858 gratiam a quanta perfectione coepisset</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5859 <p title="II-II q. 189 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="46655"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5860 "ref">[46655] IIª-IIae, q. 189 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5861 dicendum quod, sicut supra dictum est, sacri ordines praeexigunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5862 sanctitatem, sed status religionis est exercitium quoddam ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5863 sanctitatem assequendam. Unde pondus ordinum imponendum est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5864 parietibus iam per sanctitatem desiccatis, sed pondus religionis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5865 desiccat parietes, idest homines, ab humore vitiorum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5866 <p title="II-II q. 189 a. 1 ad 4"><a name="46656"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5867 "ref">[46656] IIª-IIae, q. 189 a. 1 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5868 dicendum quod, sicut manifeste ex verbis illius Glossae apparet,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5869 principaliter loquitur de ordine doctrinae, prout transeundum est a
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5870 facilioribus ad difficiliora. Unde quod dicit haereticos et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5871 schismaticos hunc ordinem pervertere, manifestum est ex sequentibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5872 ad ordinem doctrinae pertinere. Sequitur enim, hic vero se
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5873 servasse, scilicet praedictum ordinem, <i>dicit, constringens se
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5874 maledicto, sic, quasi, non modo in aliis fui humilis, sed etiam in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5875 scientia. Quia humiliter sentiebam, prius nutritus lacte, quod est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5876 verbum caro factum, ut sic crescerem ad panem Angelorum, idest ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5877 verbum quod est in principio apud Deum</i>. Exemplum autem quod in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5878 medio interponitur, quod noviter baptizatis non indicitur ieiunium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5879 usque ad Pentecosten, ostendit quod non sunt ex necessitate ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5880 difficilia cogendi antequam per spiritum sanctum interius ad hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5881 instigentur ut difficilia propria voluntate assumant. Unde et post
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5882 Pentecosten, post receptionem spiritus sancti, ieiunium celebrat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5883 Ecclesia. Spiritus autem sanctus, sicut Ambrosius dicit, super
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5884 Luc., <i>non arcetur aetatibus, non finitur morte, non excluditur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5885 alvo</i>. Et Gregorius dicit, in homilia Pentecostes, <i>implet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5886 citharaedum puerum, et Psalmistam facit, implet puerum abstinentem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5887 et iudicem senum facit</i>. Et postea subdit, <i>nulla ad discendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5888 mora agitur, omne quod voluerit, mox ut tetigerit mentem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5889 docet</i>. Et sicut dicitur Eccle. VIII, <i>non est in hominis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5890 ditione prohibere spiritum</i>. Et apostolus, I ad Thess. V, monet,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5891 spiritum nolite extinguere. Et Act. VII, contra quosdam dicitur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5892 <i>vos semper spiritui sancto restitistis</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5893 <p title="II-II q. 189 a. 1 ad 5"><a name="46657"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5894 "ref">[46657] IIª-IIae, q. 189 a. 1 ad 5</span></a> Ad quintum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5895 dicendum quod praeceptorum quaedam sunt principalia, quae sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5896 fines et praeceptorum et consiliorum, scilicet praecepta caritatis.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5897 Ad quae consilia ordinantur, non ita quod sine consiliis servari
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5898 non possint, sed ut per consilia perfectius observentur. Alia vero
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5899 sunt praecepta secundaria, quae ordinantur ad praecepta caritatis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5900 ut sine quibus caritatis praecepta observari non possunt omnino.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5901 Sic igitur perfecta observantia praeceptorum caritatis praecedit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5902 intentione consilia, sed interdum tempore sequitur. Hic est enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5903 ordo finis respectu eorum quae sunt ad finem. Observantia vero
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5904 praeceptorum caritatis secundum communem modum, et similiter alia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5905 praecepta, comparantur ad consilia sicut commune ad proprium, quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5906 observantia praeceptorum potest esse sine consiliis, sed non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5907 convertitur. Sic ergo observantia praeceptorum communiter sumpta,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5908 praecedit naturae ordine consilia, non tamen oportet quod tempore,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5909 quia non est aliquid prius in genere quam sit in aliqua specierum.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5910 Observantia vero praeceptorum sine consiliis ordinatur ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5911 observantiam praeceptorum cum consiliis sicut species imperfecta ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5912 perfectam, sicut animal irrationale ad rationale. Perfectum autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5913 est naturaliter prius imperfecto, natura enim, ut Boetius dicit, a
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5914 perfectis sumit initium. Nec tamen oportet quod prius observentur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5915 praecepta sine consiliis et postea cum consiliis, sicut non oportet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5916 quod aliquis prius sit asinus quam sit homo, vel quod prius sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5917 coniugatus quam sit virgo. Et similiter non oportet quod aliquis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5918 prius servet praecepta in saeculo quam transeat ad religionem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5919 praesertim quia conversatio saecularis non disponit ad perfectionem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5920 religionis, sed magis impedit.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5921 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5922 <div class="E">Articulus 2</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5923 <p title="II-II q. 189 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="46658"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5924 "ref">[46658] IIª-IIae, q. 189 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5925 secundum sic proceditur. Videtur quod non debeant aliqui voto
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5926 obligari ad religionis ingressum. Per professionem enim aliquis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5927 voto religioni adstringitur. Sed ante professionem conceditur annus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5928 probationis, secundum regulam beati Benedicti, et secundum statutum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5929 Innocentii IV, qui etiam prohibuit, ante annum probationis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5930 completum, eos per professionem religioni adstringi. Ergo videtur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5931 quod multo minus adhuc in saeculo existentes debeant voto ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5932 religionem obligari.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5933 <p title="II-II q. 189 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="46659"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5934 "ref">[46659] IIª-IIae, q. 189 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5935 Praeterea, Gregorius dicit, in registro, et habetur in decretis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5936 dist. XLV, quod <i>Iudaei, non vi, sed libera voluntate ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5937 convertantur suadendi sunt</i>. Sed implere id quod vovetur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5938 necessitatis est. Ergo non sunt aliqui obligandi ad religionis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5939 ingressum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5940 <p title="II-II q. 189 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="46660"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5941 "ref">[46660] IIª-IIae, q. 189 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5942 Praeterea, nullus debet alteri praebere occasionem ruinae, unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5943 Exod. XXI dicitur, <i>si quis aperuerit cisternam, cecideritque bos
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5944 vel asinus in eam, dominus cisternae reddet pretium iumentorum</i>.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5945 Sed ex hoc quod aliqui obligantur ad religionem per votum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5946 frequenter aliqui ruunt in desperationem et in diversa peccata.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5947 Ergo videtur quod non sint aliqui ad religionis ingressum voto
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5948 obligandi.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5949 <p title="II-II q. 189 a. 2 s. c."><a name="46661"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5950 "ref">[46661] IIª-IIae, q. 189 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5951 contra est quod in Psalmo dicitur, vovete, et reddite domino Deo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5952 vestro, ubi dicit Glossa quod <i>quaedam sunt vota propria
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5953 singulorum, ut castitas, virginitas et huiusmodi, ad haec ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5954 vovenda nos invitat</i>. Sed Scriptura sacra non invitat nisi ad id
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5955 quod est melius. Ergo melius est quod aliquis voto se obliget ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5956 religionis ingressum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5957 <p title="II-II q. 189 a. 2 co."><a name="46662"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5958 "ref">[46662] IIª-IIae, q. 189 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5959 dicendum quod, sicut supra dictum est, cum de voto ageretur, unum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5960 et idem opus ex voto factum est laudabilius quam si sine voto fiat.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5961 Tum quia vovere est actus religionis, quae habet quandam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5962 excellentiam inter virtutes. Tum quia per votum firmatur voluntas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5963 hominis ad bonum faciendum, et sicut peccatum est gravius ex hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5964 quod procedit ex voluntate obstinata in malum, ita bonum opus est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5965 laudabilius ex hoc quod procedit ex voluntate confirmata in bonum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5966 per votum. Et ideo obligari voto ad religionis ingressum est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5967 secundum se laudabile.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5968 <p title="II-II q. 189 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="46663"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5969 "ref">[46663] IIª-IIae, q. 189 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5970 ergo dicendum quod duplex est religionis votum. Unum solemne, quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5971 hominem facit monachum vel alterius religionis fratrem, quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5972 vocatur professio. Et tale votum debet praecedere annus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5973 probationis, ut probat obiectio. Aliud autem est votum simplex, ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5974 quo aliquis non fit monachus vel religiosus, sed solum obligatus ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5975 religionis ingressum. Et ante tale votum non oportet praecedere
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5976 probationis annum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5977 <p title="II-II q. 189 a. 2 ad 2"><a name="46664"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5978 "ref">[46664] IIª-IIae, q. 189 a. 2 ad 2</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5979 secundum dicendum quod auctoritas illa Gregorii intelligitur de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5980 violentia absoluta. Necessitas autem quae ex obligatione voti
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5981 requiritur, non est necessitas absoluta, sed necessitas ex fine,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5982 quia scilicet, post votum, non potest aliquis finem salutis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5983 consequi nisi impleat votum. Talis autem necessitas non est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5984 vitanda, quinimmo, ut Augustinus dicit, ad Armentarium et Paulinam,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5985 <i>felix est necessitas quae ad meliora transmittit</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5986 <p title="II-II q. 189 a. 2 ad 3"><a name="46665"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5987 "ref">[46665] IIª-IIae, q. 189 a. 2 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5988 dicendum quod vovere religionis ingressum est quaedam confirmatio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5989 voluntatis ad meliora. Et ideo, quantum est de se, non dat homini
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5990 occasionem ruinae, sed magis subtrahit. Sed si aliquis voti
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5991 transgressor gravius ruat, hoc non derogat bonitati voti, sicut nec
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5992 derogat bonitati Baptismi quod aliqui post Baptismum gravius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5993 peccant.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5994 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5995 <div class="E">Articulus 3</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5996 <p title="II-II q. 189 a. 3 arg. 1"><a name="46666"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5997 "ref">[46666] IIª-IIae, q. 189 a. 3 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5998 tertium sic proceditur. Videtur quod ille qui obligatus est voto ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5999 religionis ingressum, non teneatur intrare. Dicitur enim in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6000 decretis, XVII, qu. II, <i>Consaldus presbyter, quondam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6001 infirmitatis passione pressus, monachum se fieri promisit, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6002 tamen monasterio aut abbati se tradidit, nec promissionem scripsit,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6003 sed beneficium Ecclesiae in manu advocati refutavit, ac postquam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6004 convaluit, monachum se negavit fieri</i>. Et postea subdit,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6005 <i>iudicamus ut praefatus presbyter beneficium et altaria recipiat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6006 et quiete retineat</i>. Hoc autem non esset, si teneretur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6007 religionem intrare. Ergo videtur quod non teneatur aliquis implere
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6008 votum quo se ad religionis ingressum obligavit.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6009 <p title="II-II q. 189 a. 3 arg. 2"><a name="46667"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6010 "ref">[46667] IIª-IIae, q. 189 a. 3 arg. 2</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6011 Praeterea, nullus tenetur facere id quod non est in sua potestate.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6012 Sed quod aliquis religionem ingrediatur, non est in potestate
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6013 ipsius, sed requiritur ad hoc assensus eorum ad quos debet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6014 transire. Ergo videtur quod non teneatur aliquis implere votum quo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6015 se ad religionis ingressum obligavit.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6016 <p title="II-II q. 189 a. 3 arg. 3"><a name="46668"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6017 "ref">[46668] IIª-IIae, q. 189 a. 3 arg. 3</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6018 Praeterea, per votum minus utile non potest derogari voto magis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6019 utili. Sed per impletionem voti religionis impediri posset impletio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6020 voti crucis in subsidium terrae sanctae, quod videtur esse utilius,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6021 quia per hoc votum consequitur homo remissionem peccatorum. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6022 videtur quod votum quo quis se obligavit ad religionis ingressum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6023 non sit ex necessitate implendum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6024 <p title="II-II q. 189 a. 3 s. c."><a name="46669"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6025 "ref">[46669] IIª-IIae, q. 189 a. 3 s. c.</span></a> Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6026 contra est quod dicitur Eccle. V, <i>si quid vovisti Deo, ne
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6027 moreris reddere, displicet enim Deo infidelis et stulta
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6028 promissio</i>. Et super illud Psalmi, vovete et reddite domino Deo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6029 vestro, dicit Glossa, <i>vovere voluntati consulitur, sed post voti
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6030 promissionem, redditio necessario exigitur</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6031 <p title="II-II q. 189 a. 3 co."><a name="46670"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6032 "ref">[46670] IIª-IIae, q. 189 a. 3 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6033 dicendum quod, sicut supra dictum est, cum de voto ageretur, votum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6034 est promissio Deo facta de his quae ad Deum pertinent. Ut autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6035 Gregorius dicit, in epistola ad Bonifacium, <i>si inter homines
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6036 solent bonae fidei contractus nulla ratione dissolvi, quanto magis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6037 ista pollicitatio quam cum Deo pepigit, solvi sine vindicta non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6038 poterit</i>. Et ideo ad implendum id quod homo vovit, ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6039 necessitate tenetur, dummodo sit aliquid quod ad Deum pertineat.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6040 Manifestum est autem quod ingressus religionis maxime ad Deum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6041 pertinet, quia per hoc homo totaliter se mancipat divinis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6042 obsequiis, ut ex supra dictis patet. Unde relinquitur quod ille qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6043 se obligat ad religionis ingressum, teneatur religionem ingredi,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6044 secundum quod se voto obligare intendit, ita scilicet quod, si
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6045 intendit se absolute obligare, tenetur quam citius poterit ingredi,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6046 legitimo impedimento cessante; si autem ad certum tempus, vel sub
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6047 certa conditione, tenetur religionem ingredi tempore adveniente,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6048 vel conditione existente.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6049 <p title="II-II q. 189 a. 3 ad 1"><a name="46671"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6050 "ref">[46671] IIª-IIae, q. 189 a. 3 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6051 ergo dicendum quod ille presbyter non fecerat votum solemne, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6052 simplex. Unde non erat monachus effectus, ut cogi deberet de iure
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6053 in monasterio remanere et Ecclesiam dimittere. Tamen in foro
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6054 conscientiae esset sibi consulendum quod, omnibus dimissis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6055 religionem intraret. Unde extra, de voto et voti Redempt., cap. per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6056 tuas, consulitur episcopo Gratianopolitano, qui post votum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6057 religionis episcopatum assumpserat, voto non impleto, ut, <i>si
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6058 suam sanare desideraret conscientiam, regimen Ecclesiae resignaret,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6059 et redderet altissimo vota sua</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6060 <p title="II-II q. 189 a. 3 ad 2"><a name="46672"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6061 "ref">[46672] IIª-IIae, q. 189 a. 3 ad 2</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6062 secundum dicendum quod, sicut supra dictum est, cum de voto
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6063 ageretur, ille qui se voto obligavit ad certae religionis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6064 ingressum, tenetur facere quantum in se est ut in illa religione
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6065 recipiatur. Et si quidem intendit se simpliciter ad religionem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6066 obligare, si non recipitur in una religione, tenetur ire ad aliam.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6067 Si vero intendit se obligare specialiter ad unam solum, non tenetur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6068 nisi secundum modum suae obligationis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6069 <p title="II-II q. 189 a. 3 ad 3"><a name="46673"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6070 "ref">[46673] IIª-IIae, q. 189 a. 3 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6071 dicendum quod votum religionis, cum sit perpetuum, est maius quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6072 votum peregrinationis terrae sanctae, quod est temporale. Et sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6073 Alexander III dicit, et habetur extra, de voto et voti Redempt.,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6074 <i>reus fracti voti aliquatenus non habetur qui temporale obsequium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6075 in perpetuam noscitur religionis observantiam commutare</i>.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6076 Rationabiliter autem dici potest quod etiam per ingressum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6077 religionis aliquis consequatur remissionem omnium peccatorum. Si
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6078 enim aliquibus eleemosynis factis homo potest statim satisfacere de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6079 peccatis suis, secundum illud Dan. IV, peccata tua eleemosynis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6080 redime; multo magis in satisfactionem pro omnibus peccatis sufficit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6081 quod aliquis se totaliter divinis obsequiis mancipet per religionis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6082 ingressum, quae excedit omne genus satisfactionis, etiam publicae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6083 poenitentiae, ut habetur in decretis, XXXIII Caus., qu. II, cap.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6084 admonere; sicut etiam holocaustum excedit sacrificium, ut Gregorius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6085 dicit, super Ezech. Unde in vitis patrum legitur quod eandem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6086 gratiam consequuntur religionem ingredientes quam consequuntur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6087 baptizati. Si tamen non absolverentur per hoc ab omni reatu poenae,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6088 nihilominus ingressus religionis utilior est quam peregrinatio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6089 terrae sanctae quantum ad promotionem in bonum, quae praeponderat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6090 absolutioni a poena.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6091 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6092 <div class="E">Articulus 4</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6093 <p title="II-II q. 189 a. 4 arg. 1"><a name="46674"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6094 "ref">[46674] IIª-IIae, q. 189 a. 4 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6095 quartum sic proceditur. Videtur quod ille qui vovet religionem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6096 ingredi, teneatur perpetuo in religione permanere. Melius est enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6097 religionem non ingredi quam post ingressum exire, secundum illud II
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6098 Pet. II, <i>melius erat illis veritatem non cognoscere quam post
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6099 agnitam retroire</i>. Et Luc. IX dicitur, <i>nemo mittens manum ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6100 aratrum et aspiciens retro, aptus est regno Dei</i>. Sed ille qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6101 voto se obligavit ad religionis ingressum, tenetur ingredi, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6102 dictum est. Ergo etiam tenetur perpetuo remanere.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6103 <p title="II-II q. 189 a. 4 arg. 2"><a name="46675"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6104 "ref">[46675] IIª-IIae, q. 189 a. 4 arg. 2</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6105 Praeterea, quilibet debet vitare id ex quo scandalum sequitur et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6106 aliis datur malum exemplum. Sed ex hoc quod aliquis, post
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6107 religionis ingressum, egreditur et ad saeculum redit, malum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6108 exemplum et scandalum aliis generatur, qui retrahuntur ab ingressu
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6109 et provocantur ad exitum. Ergo videtur quod ille qui ingreditur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6110 religionem ut votum impleat quod prius fecit, teneatur ibi perpetuo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6111 remanere.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6112 <p title="II-II q. 189 a. 4 arg. 3"><a name="46676"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6113 "ref">[46676] IIª-IIae, q. 189 a. 4 arg. 3</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6114 Praeterea, votum religionis reputatur votum perpetuum, et ideo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6115 temporalibus votis praefertur, ut dictum est. Hoc autem non esset,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6116 si aliquis, voto religionis emisso, ingrederetur cum proposito
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6117 exeundi. Videtur ergo quod ille qui vovet religionis ingressum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6118 teneatur in religione etiam perpetuo remanere.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6119 <p title="II-II q. 189 a. 4 s. c."><a name="46677"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6120 "ref">[46677] IIª-IIae, q. 189 a. 4 s. c.</span></a> Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6121 contra est, quia votum professionis, propter hoc quod obligat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6122 hominem ad hoc quod perpetuo in religione remaneat, praeexigit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6123 annum probationis, qui non praeexigitur ad votum simplex quo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6124 aliquis se obligat ad religionis ingressum. Ergo videtur quod ille
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6125 qui vovet religionem intrare, propter hoc non teneatur ibi perpetuo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6126 remanere.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6127 <p title="II-II q. 189 a. 4 co."><a name="46678"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6128 "ref">[46678] IIª-IIae, q. 189 a. 4 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6129 dicendum quod obligatio voti ex voluntate procedit, nam vovere
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6130 voluntatis est, ut Augustinus dicit. In tantum ergo fertur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6131 obligatio voti in quantum se extendit voluntas et intentio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6132 voventis. Si igitur vovens intendit se obligare non solum ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6133 ingressum religionis, sed ad perpetuo remanendum, tenetur perpetuo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6134 remanere. Si autem intendit se obligare ad ingressum religionis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6135 causa experiendi, cum libertate remanendi vel non remanendi,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6136 manifestum est quod remanere non tenetur. Si vero in vovendo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6137 simpliciter de ingressu religionis cogitavit, absque hoc quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6138 cogitaret de libertate exitus vel de perpetuitate remanendi,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6139 videtur obligari ad ingressum secundum formam iuris communis, quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6140 est ut ingredientibus detur probationis annus. Unde non tenetur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6141 perpetuo in religione remanere.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6142 <p title="II-II q. 189 a. 4 ad 1"><a name="46679"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6143 "ref">[46679] IIª-IIae, q. 189 a. 4 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6144 ergo dicendum quod melius est intrare religionem animo probandi,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6145 quam penitus non intrare, quia per hoc disponitur ad perpetuo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6146 remanendum. Nec tamen intelligitur aliquis retro ire vel aspicere,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6147 nisi quando praetermittit id ad quod se obligavit. Alioquin
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6148 quicumque per aliquod tempus facit aliquod bonum opus, si non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6149 semper id faciat, esset ineptus regno Dei, quod patet esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6150 falsum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6151 <p title="II-II q. 189 a. 4 ad 2"><a name="46680"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6152 "ref">[46680] IIª-IIae, q. 189 a. 4 ad 2</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6153 secundum dicendum quod ille qui religionem ingreditur, si exeat,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6154 praesertim ex aliqua rationabili causa, non generat scandalum nec
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6155 dat malum exemplum. Et si alius scandalizatur, erit scandalum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6156 passivum ex parte eius, non autem scandalum activum ex parte
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6157 exeuntis, quia fecit quod licitum erat ei facere, et quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6158 expediebat propter rationabilem causam, puta infirmitatem aut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6159 debilitatem aut aliquid huiusmodi.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6160 <p title="II-II q. 189 a. 4 ad 3"><a name="46681"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6161 "ref">[46681] IIª-IIae, q. 189 a. 4 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6162 dicendum quod ille qui intrat ut statim exeat, non videtur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6163 satisfacere voto suo, quia ipse in vovendo hoc non intendit. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6164 ideo tenetur mutare propositum, ut saltem velit experiri an ei
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6165 expediat in religione remanere. Non autem tenetur ad perpetuo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6166 remanendum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6167 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6168 <div class="E">Articulus 5</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6169 <p title="II-II q. 189 a. 5 arg. 1"><a name="46682"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6170 "ref">[46682] IIª-IIae, q. 189 a. 5 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6171 quintum sic proceditur. Videtur quod pueri non sint recipiendi in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6172 religione. Quia extra, de regularibus et Transeunt. ad Relig.,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6173 dicitur, <i>nullus tondeatur, nisi legitima aetate et spontanea
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6174 voluntate</i>. Sed pueri non videntur habere legitimam aetatem nec
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6175 spontaneam voluntatem, quia non habent perfecte usum rationis. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6176 videtur quod non sint in religione recipiendi.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6177 <p title="II-II q. 189 a. 5 arg. 2"><a name="46683"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6178 "ref">[46683] IIª-IIae, q. 189 a. 5 arg. 2</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6179 Praeterea, status religionis videtur esse status poenitentiae, unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6180 et religio dicitur a religando vel reeligendo, ut Augustinus dicit,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6181 X de Civ. Dei. Sed pueris non convenit poenitentia. Ergo videtur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6182 quod non debeant religionem intrare.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6183 <p title="II-II q. 189 a. 5 arg. 3"><a name="46684"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6184 "ref">[46684] IIª-IIae, q. 189 a. 5 arg. 3</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6185 Praeterea, sicut aliquis obligatur iuramento, ita et voto. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6186 pueri, ante annos quatuordecim, non debent obligari iuramento, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6187 habetur in decretis, XXII Caus., qu. V, cap. pueri, et cap.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6188 honestum. Ergo videtur quod nec etiam sint voto obligandi.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6189 <p title="II-II q. 189 a. 5 arg. 4"><a name="46685"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6190 "ref">[46685] IIª-IIae, q. 189 a. 5 arg. 4</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6191 Praeterea, illicitum videtur esse obligare aliquem tali obligatione
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6192 quae posset iuste irritari. Sed si aliqui impuberes obligant se
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6193 religioni, possunt retrahi a parentibus vel tutoribus, dicitur enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6194 in decretis, XX Caus., qu. II, quod <i>puella si ante duodecim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6195 aetatis annos sponte sua sacrum velamen assumpserit, possunt statim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6196 parentes eius vel tutores id factum irritum facere, si
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6197 voluerint</i>. Illicitum est ergo pueros, praesertim ante
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6198 pubertatis annos, ad religionem recipere vel obligare.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6199 <p title="II-II q. 189 a. 5 s. c."><a name="46686"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6200 "ref">[46686] IIª-IIae, q. 189 a. 5 s. c.</span></a> Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6201 contra est quod dominus, Matth. XIX, dicit, <i>sinite parvulos, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6202 nolite eos prohibere venire ad me</i>. Quod exponens Origenes,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6203 super Matth., dicit quod <i>discipuli Iesu, priusquam discant
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6204 rationem iustitiae, reprehendunt eos qui pueros et infantes
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6205 offerunt Christo, dominus autem exhortatur discipulos suos
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6206 condescendere utilitatibus puerorum. Hoc ergo attendere debemus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6207 ne, aestimatione sapientiae excellentioris, contemnamus, quasi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6208 magni, pusillos Ecclesiae, prohibentes pueros venire ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6209 Iesum</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6210 <p title="II-II q. 189 a. 5 co."><a name="46687"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6211 "ref">[46687] IIª-IIae, q. 189 a. 5 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6212 dicendum quod, sicut supra dictum est, duplex est religionis votum.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6213 Unum simplex, quod consistit in sola promissione Deo facta, quae ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6214 interiori mentis deliberatione procedit. Et hoc votum habet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6215 efficaciam ex iure divino. Quae tamen dupliciter tolli potest. Uno
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6216 modo, per defectum deliberationis, ut patet in furiosis, quorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6217 vota non sunt obligatoria, ut habetur extra, de regularibus et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6218 Transeunt. ad Relig., cap. sicut tenor. Et eadem est ratio de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6219 pueris qui nondum habent debitum usum rationis, per quem sunt doli
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6220 capaces, quem quidem pueri habent, ut frequentius, circa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6221 quartumdecimum annum, puellae vero circa duodecimum, qui dicuntur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6222 anni pubertatis. In quibusdam tamen anticipatur, et in quibusdam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6223 tardatur, secundum diversam dispositionem naturae. Alio modo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6224 impeditur efficacia simplicis voti, si aliquis Deo voveat quod non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6225 est propriae potestatis, puta si servus, etiam usum rationis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6226 habens, voveat se religionem intrare, aut etiam ordinetur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6227 ignorante domino; potest enim hoc dominus revocare, ut habetur in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6228 decretis, dist. LIV, cap. si servus. Et quia puer vel puella, infra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6229 pubertatis annos, naturaliter sunt in potestate patris quantum ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6230 dispositionem suae vitae, poterit pater votum eorum revocare vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6231 acceptare, si sibi placuerit, ut expresse dicitur de muliere, Num.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6232 XXX. Sic igitur si puer, ante annos pubertatis, simplex votum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6233 emittat, antequam habeat plenum usum rationis, non obligatur ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6234 voto. Si autem habeat usum rationis ante annos pubertatis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6235 obligatur quidem quantum in se est, ex suo voto, tamen potest
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6236 obligatio removeri per auctoritatem patris, in cuius potestate
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6237 adhuc existit; quia ordinatio legis, qua unus homo subditur alteri,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6238 respicit id quod in pluribus accidit. Si vero annos pubertatis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6239 excedat, non potest revocari auctoritate parentum; si tamen nondum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6240 haberet plenum usum rationis, non obligaretur quoad Deum. Aliud
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6241 autem est votum solemne, quod facit monachum vel religiosum. Quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6242 quidem subditur ordinationi Ecclesiae, propter solemnitatem quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6243 habet annexam. Et quia Ecclesia respicit id quod in pluribus est,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6244 professio ante tempus pubertatis facta, quantumcumque aliquis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6245 habeat usum rationis plenum, ut sit doli capax, non habet suum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6246 effectum, ut faciat profitentem esse iam religiosum. Et tamen,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6247 licet ante annos pubertatis profiteri non possint, possunt tamen,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6248 cum voluntate parentum, in religione recipi ut nutriantur ibidem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6249 sicut de Ioanne Baptista legitur, Luc. I, quod <i>puer crescebat,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6250 et confortabatur spiritu, et erat in desertis</i>. Unde, sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6251 Gregorius dicit, in II Dialog., <i>beato Benedicto Romani nobiles
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6252 suos filios omnipotenti Deo nutriendos dare coeperunt</i>. Quod est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6253 valde expediens, secundum illud Thren. III, <i>bonum est viro cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6254 portaverit iugum ab adolescentia sua</i>. Unde ex communi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6255 consuetudine pueri applicantur illis officiis vel artibus in quibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6256 sunt vitam acturi.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6257 <p title="II-II q. 189 a. 5 ad 1"><a name="46688"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6258 "ref">[46688] IIª-IIae, q. 189 a. 5 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6259 ergo dicendum quod legitima aetas ad hoc quod aliquis tondeatur cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6260 voto solemni religionis, est tempus pubertatis, in quo homo potest
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6261 uti spontanea voluntate. Sed ante annos pubertatis potest esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6262 legitima aetas ad hoc quod aliquis tondeatur in religione
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6263 nutriendus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6264 <p title="II-II q. 189 a. 5 ad 2"><a name="46689"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6265 "ref">[46689] IIª-IIae, q. 189 a. 5 ad 2</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6266 secundum dicendum quod religionis status principaliter ordinatur ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6267 perfectionem consequendam, ut supra habitum est. Et secundum hoc,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6268 convenit pueris, qui de facili imbuuntur. Ex consequenti autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6269 dicitur esse status poenitentiae, inquantum per observantiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6270 religionis peccatorum occasiones tolluntur, ut supra dictum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6271 est.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6272 <p title="II-II q. 189 a. 5 ad 3"><a name="46690"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6273 "ref">[46690] IIª-IIae, q. 189 a. 5 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6274 dicendum quod pueri, sicut non coguntur ad iurandum, ut canon
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6275 dicit, ita non coguntur ad vovendum. Si tamen voto vel iuramento se
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6276 adstrinxerint ad aliquid faciendum, obligantur quoad Deum, si
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6277 habeant usum rationis, licet non obligentur quoad Ecclesiam ante
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6278 quatuordecim annos.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6279 <p title="II-II q. 189 a. 5 ad 4"><a name="46691"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6280 "ref">[46691] IIª-IIae, q. 189 a. 5 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6281 dicendum quod Num. XXX non reprehenditur mulier in puellari aetate
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6282 constituta, si voveat absque consensu parentum, potest tamen
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6283 revocari a parentibus. Ex quo patet quod non peccat vovendo, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6284 intelligitur se voto obligare quantum in se est, absque praeiudicio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6285 auctoritatis paternae.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6286 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6287 <div class="E">Articulus 6</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6288 <p title="II-II q. 189 a. 6 arg. 1"><a name="46692"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6289 "ref">[46692] IIª-IIae, q. 189 a. 6 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6290 sextum sic proceditur. Videtur quod propter obsequium parentum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6291 debeant aliqui retrahi ab ingressu religionis. Non enim licet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6292 praetermittere id quod est necessitatis, ut fiat id quod est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6293 liberum voluntati. Sed obsequi parentibus cadit sub necessitate
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6294 praecepti quod datur de honoratione parentum, Exod. XX, unde et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6295 apostolus dicit, I ad Tim. V, <i>si qua vidua filios aut nepotes
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6296 habet, discat primum domum suam regere, et mutuam vicem reddere
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6297 parentibus</i>. Ingredi autem religionem est liberum voluntati.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6298 Ergo videtur quod non debeat aliquis praetermittere parentum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6299 obsequium propter religionis ingressum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6300 <p title="II-II q. 189 a. 6 arg. 2"><a name="46693"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6301 "ref">[46693] IIª-IIae, q. 189 a. 6 arg. 2</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6302 Praeterea, maior videtur esse subiectio filii ad parentes quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6303 servi ad dominum, quia filiatio est naturalis; servitus autem ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6304 maledictione peccati, ut patet Gen. IX. Sed servus non potest
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6305 praetermittere obsequium domini sui ut religionem ingrediatur aut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6306 sacrum ordinem assumat, sicut habetur in decretis, dist. LIV, si
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6307 servus. Ergo multo minus filius potest obsequium patris
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6308 praetermittere ut ingrediatur religionem.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6309 <p title="II-II q. 189 a. 6 arg. 3"><a name="46694"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6310 "ref">[46694] IIª-IIae, q. 189 a. 6 arg. 3</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6311 Praeterea, maiori debito obligatur aliquis parentibus quam his
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6312 quibus debet pecuniam. Sed illi qui debent pecuniam aliquibus, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6313 possunt religionem ingredi, dicit enim Gregorius, in Regist., et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6314 habetur in decretis, dist. LIII, quod <i>si hi qui sunt rationibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6315 publicis obligati, quandoque monasterium petunt, nullo modo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6316 suscipiendi sunt, nisi prius a negotiis publicis fuerint
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6317 absoluti</i>. Ergo videtur quod multo minus filii possunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6318 religionem ingredi, praetermisso paterno obsequio.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6319 <p title="II-II q. 189 a. 6 s. c."><a name="46695"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6320 "ref">[46695] IIª-IIae, q. 189 a. 6 s. c.</span></a> Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6321 contra est quod Matth. IV dicitur quod Iacobus et Ioannes,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6322 <i>relictis retibus et patre, secuti sunt dominum. Ex quo</i>, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6323 Hilarius dicit, <i>docemur, Christum secuturi, et saecularis vitae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6324 sollicitudine et paternae domus consuetudine non teneri</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6325 <p title="II-II q. 189 a. 6 co."><a name="46696"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6326 "ref">[46696] IIª-IIae, q. 189 a. 6 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6327 dicendum quod, sicut supra dictum est, cum de pietate ageretur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6328 parentes habent rationem principii, inquantum huiusmodi, et ideo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6329 per se eis convenit ut filiorum curam habeant. Et propter hoc, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6330 liceret alicui filios habenti religionem ingredi, omnino
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6331 praetermissa cura filiorum idest, non proviso qualiter educari
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6332 possint, dicitur enim I ad Tim. V, quod <i>si quis suorum curam non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6333 habet, fidem negavit, et est infideli deterior</i>. Per accidens
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6334 tamen parentibus convenit ut a filiis adiuventur, inquantum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6335 scilicet sunt in necessitate aliqua constituti. Et ideo dicendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6336 est quod, parentibus in necessitate existentibus ita quod eis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6337 commode aliter quam per obsequium filiorum subveniri non possit,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6338 non licet filiis, praetermisso parentum obsequio, religionem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6339 intrare. Si vero non sint in tali necessitate ut filiorum obsequio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6340 multum indigeant, possunt, praetermisso parentum obsequio, filii
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6341 religionem intrare, etiam contra praeceptum parentum, quia post
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6342 annos pubertatis, quilibet ingenuus libertatem habet quantum ad ea
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6343 quae pertinent ad dispositionem sui status, praesertim in his quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6344 sunt divini obsequii; <i>et magis est obtemperandum patri
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6345 spirituum, ut vivamus, quam parentibus carnis</i>, ut apostolus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6346 Heb. XII, dicit. Unde dominus, ut legitur Matth. VIII et Luc. IX,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6347 reprehendit discipulum qui nolebat eum statim sequi intuitu
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6348 paternae sepulturae, erant enim alii per quos illud opus impleri
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6349 poterat, ut Chrysostomus dicit.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6350 <p title="II-II q. 189 a. 6 ad 1"><a name="46697"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6351 "ref">[46697] IIª-IIae, q. 189 a. 6 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6352 ergo dicendum quod praeceptum de honoratione parentum non solum se
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6353 extendit ad corporalia obsequia, sed etiam ad spiritualia, et ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6354 reverentiam exhibendam. Et ideo etiam illi qui sunt in religione
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6355 implere possunt praeceptum de honoratione parentum, pro eis orando,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6356 et eis reverentiam et auxilium impendendo, secundum quod religiosos
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6357 decet. Quia etiam illi qui in saeculo vivunt, diversimode parentes
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6358 honorant, secundum eorum conditionem.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6359 <p title="II-II q. 189 a. 6 ad 2"><a name="46698"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6360 "ref">[46698] IIª-IIae, q. 189 a. 6 ad 2</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6361 secundum dicendum quod, quia servitus est in poenam peccati
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6362 inducta, ideo per servitutem aliquid adimitur homini quod alias ei
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6363 competeret, ne scilicet libere de sua persona possit disponere,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6364 servus enim id quod est, domini est. Sed filius non patitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6365 detrimentum ex hoc quod subiectus est patri, quin possit de sua
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6366 persona libere disponere transferendo se ad obsequium Dei, quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6367 maxime pertinet ad hominis bonum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6368 <p title="II-II q. 189 a. 6 ad 3"><a name="46699"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6369 "ref">[46699] IIª-IIae, q. 189 a. 6 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6370 dicendum quod ille qui est obligatus ad aliquid certum, non potest
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6371 illud licite praetermittere, facultate exstante. Et ideo si aliquis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6372 sit obligatus ut alicui rationem ponat, vel ut certum debitum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6373 reddat, non potest hoc licite praetermittere ut religionem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6374 ingrediatur. Si tamen debeat aliquam pecuniam et non habeat unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6375 reddat, tenetur facere quod potest, ut scilicet cedat bonis suis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6376 creditori. Propter pecuniam autem persona liberi hominis, secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6377 iura civilia, non obligatur, sed solum res, quia persona liberi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6378 hominis superat omnem aestimationem pecuniae. Unde potest licite,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6379 exhibitis rebus suis, religionem intrare, nec tenetur in saeculo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6380 remanere ut procuret unde debitum reddat. Filius autem non tenetur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6381 ad aliquod speciale debitum patri, nisi forte in casu necessitatis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6382 ut dictum est.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6383 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6384 <div class="E">Articulus 7</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6385 <p title="II-II q. 189 a. 7 arg. 1"><a name="46700"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6386 "ref">[46700] IIª-IIae, q. 189 a. 7 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6387 septimum sic proceditur. Videtur quod presbyteri curati non possunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6388 licite religionem ingredi. Dicit enim Gregorius, in Pastoral., quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6389 ille qui curam animarum suscipit, <i>terribiliter admonetur cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6390 dicitur, fili mi, si spoponderis pro amico tuo, defixisti apud
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6391 extraneum manum tuam</i>. Et subdit, <i>spondere namque pro amico
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6392 est animam alienam in periculo suae conversationis accipere</i>.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6393 Sed ille qui obligatur homini pro aliquo debito, non potest intrare
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6394 religionem nisi solvat id quod debet, si possit. Cum ergo sacerdos
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6395 possit curam animarum agere, ad quam se obligavit in periculo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6396 animae suae, videtur quod non liceat ei, praetermissa cura
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6397 animarum, religionem intrare.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6398 <p title="II-II q. 189 a. 7 arg. 2"><a name="46701"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6399 "ref">[46701] IIª-IIae, q. 189 a. 7 arg. 2</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6400 Praeterea, quod uni licet, pari ratione omnibus similibus licet.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6401 Sed si omnes presbyteri habentes curam animarum religionem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6402 intrarent, remanerent plebes absque cura pastorum, quod esset
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6403 inconveniens. Ergo videtur quod presbyteri curati non possint
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6404 licite religionem intrare.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6405 <p title="II-II q. 189 a. 7 arg. 3"><a name="46702"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6406 "ref">[46702] IIª-IIae, q. 189 a. 7 arg. 3</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6407 Praeterea, inter actus ad quos religiones ordinantur, praecipui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6408 sunt illi quibus aliquis contemplata aliis tradit. Huiusmodi autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6409 actus competunt presbyteris curatis et archidiaconis, quibus ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6410 officio competit praedicare et confessiones audire. Ergo videtur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6411 quod non liceat presbytero curato vel archidiacono transire ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6412 religionem.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6413 <p title="II-II q. 189 a. 7 s. c."><a name="46703"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6414 "ref">[46703] IIª-IIae, q. 189 a. 7 s. c.</span></a> Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6415 contra est quod in decretis, XIX Caus., qu. II, cap. duae sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6416 leges, dicitur, <i>si quis clericorum in Ecclesia sua sub episcopo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6417 populum retinet et saeculariter vivit, si, afflatus spiritu sancto,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6418 in aliquo monasterio vel regulari canonica salvari se voluerit,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6419 etiam episcopo suo contradicente, eat liber, nostra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6420 auctoritate</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6421 <p title="II-II q. 189 a. 7 co."><a name="46704"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6422 "ref">[46704] IIª-IIae, q. 189 a. 7 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6423 dicendum quod, sicut supra dictum est, obligatio voti perpetui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6424 praefertur omni alii obligationi. Obligari autem voto perpetuo et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6425 solemni ad vacandum divinis obsequiis, competit proprie episcopis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6426 et religiosis. Presbyteri autem curati et archidiaconi non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6427 obligantur voto perpetuo et solemni ad curam animarum retinendam,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6428 sicut ad hoc obligantur episcopi. Unde episcopi <i>praesulatum non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6429 possunt deserere quacumque occasione, absque auctoritate Romani
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6430 pontificis</i>, ut habetur extra, de regularibus et Transeuntib. ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6431 Relig., cap. licet, archidiaconi autem et presbyteri curati possunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6432 libere abrenuntiare episcopo curam eis commissam, absque speciali
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6433 licentia Papae, qui solus potest in votis perpetuis dispensare.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6434 Unde manifestum est quod archidiaconis et presbyteris curatis licet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6435 ad religionem transire.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6436 <p title="II-II q. 189 a. 7 ad 1"><a name="46705"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6437 "ref">[46705] IIª-IIae, q. 189 a. 7 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6438 ergo dicendum quod presbyteri curati et archidiaconi obligaverunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6439 se ad curam agendam subditorum quandiu retinent archidiaconatum vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6440 parochiam. Non autem obligaverunt se ad hoc quod perpetuo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6441 archidiaconatum vel parochiam teneant.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6442 <p title="II-II q. 189 a. 7 ad 2"><a name="46706"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6443 "ref">[46706] IIª-IIae, q. 189 a. 7 ad 2</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6444 secundum dicendum quod, sicut Hieronymus dicit, contra Vigilantium,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6445 <i>quamvis a te linguae vipereae morsus saevissimos patiantur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6446 scilicet religiosi, quibus argumentaris, et dicis, si omnes se
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6447 clauserint et fuerint in solitudine, quis celebrabit Ecclesias?
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6448 Quis saeculares homines lucrifaciet? Quis peccantes ad virtutes
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6449 poterit exhortari? Hoc enim modo, si omnes tecum fatui sint,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6450 sapiens esse quis poterit? Et virginitas non erit approbanda, si
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6451 enim virgines omnes fuerint et nuptiae non erunt, interibit genus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6452 humanum. Rara est virtus, nec a pluribus appetitur</i>. Patet ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6453 quod hic timor stultus est, puta, sicut si aliquis timeret haurire
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6454 aquam, ne flumen deficeret.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6455 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6456 <div class="E">Articulus 8</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6457 <p title="II-II q. 189 a. 8 arg. 1"><a name="46707"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6458 "ref">[46707] IIª-IIae, q. 189 a. 8 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6459 octavum sic proceditur. Videtur quod non liceat de una religione
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6460 transire ad aliam, etiam arctiorem. Dicit enim apostolus, Heb. X,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6461 neque deserentes collectionem nostram, sicut est consuetudinis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6462 quibusdam, Glossa, <i>qui scilicet vel timore persecutionis cedunt,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6463 vel propria praesumptione a peccatoribus vel imperfectis, ut iusti
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6464 videantur, recedunt</i>. Sed hoc videntur facere qui de una
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6465 religione transeunt ad aliam perfectiorem. Ergo videtur hoc esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6466 illicitum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6467 <p title="II-II q. 189 a. 8 arg. 2"><a name="46708"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6468 "ref">[46708] IIª-IIae, q. 189 a. 8 arg. 2</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6469 Praeterea, professio monachorum est arctior quam professio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6470 regularium canonicorum, ut habetur extra, de statu Monach. et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6471 Canonic. Regul. cap. quod Dei timorem. Sed non licet alicui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6472 transire de statu canonicorum regularium ad statum monachorum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6473 dicitur enim in decretis, XIX Caus., qu. III, <i>mandamus, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6474 universaliter interdicimus, ne quis canonicus regulariter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6475 professus, nisi, quod absit, publice lapsus fuerit, monachus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6476 efficiatur</i>. Ergo videtur quod non liceat alicui transire de una
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6477 religione ad aliam maiorem.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6478 <p title="II-II q. 189 a. 8 arg. 3"><a name="46709"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6479 "ref">[46709] IIª-IIae, q. 189 a. 8 arg. 3</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6480 Praeterea, tandiu aliquis obligatur ad implendum quod vovit,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6481 quandiu potest licite illud implere, sicut, si aliquis vovit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6482 continentiam servare, etiam post contractum matrimonium per verba
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6483 de praesenti, ante carnalem copulam, tenetur implere votum, quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6484 hoc potest facere religionem intrando. Si ergo aliquis licite
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6485 potest de una religione transire ad aliam, tenebitur hoc facere, si
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6486 ante hoc voverit existens in saeculo. Quod videtur esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6487 inconveniens, quia ex hoc plerumque scandalum generari posset. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6488 non potest aliquis religiosus de una religione transire ad aliam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6489 arctiorem.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6490 <p title="II-II q. 189 a. 8 s. c."><a name="46710"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6491 "ref">[46710] IIª-IIae, q. 189 a. 8 s. c.</span></a> Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6492 contra est quod dicitur in decretis, XX Caus., qu. IV, <i>virgines
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6493 sacrae si, pro lucro animae suae, propter districtiorem vitam, ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6494 aliud monasterium pergere disposuerunt, ibique commanere
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6495 decreverunt, synodus concedit</i>. Et eadem ratio videtur esse de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6496 quibuscumque religiosis. Ergo potest aliquis licite transire de una
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6497 religione ad aliam.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6498 <p title="II-II q. 189 a. 8 co."><a name="46711"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6499 "ref">[46711] IIª-IIae, q. 189 a. 8 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6500 dicendum quod transire de religione ad religionem, nisi propter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6501 magnam utilitatem vel necessitatem, non est laudabile. Tum quia ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6502 hoc plerumque scandalizantur illi qui relinquuntur. Tum etiam quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6503 facilius proficit aliquis in religione quam consuevit, quam in illa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6504 quam non consuevit, ceteris paribus. Unde in collationibus patrum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6505 abbas Nesteros dicit, <i>unicuique utile est ut secundum propositum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6506 quod elegit, summo studio ac diligentia ad operis arrepti
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6507 perfectionem pervenire festinet, et nequaquam a sua, quam semel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6508 elegit, professione discedat</i>. Et postea, rationem assignans,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6509 subdit, <i>impossibile namque est unum eumdemque hominem simul
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6510 universis fulciri virtutibus. Quas si quis voluerit pariter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6511 attentare, in id incidere eum necesse est ut, dum omnem sequitur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6512 nullam integre consequatur</i>. Diversae enim religiones
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6513 praeeminent secundum diversa virtutum opera. Potest tamen aliquis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6514 laudabiliter de una religione transire ad aliam, triplici ex causa.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6515 Primo quidem, zelo perfectioris religionis. Quae quidem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6516 excellentia, ut supra dictum est, non attenditur secundum solam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6517 arctitudinem, sed principaliter secundum id ad quod religio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6518 ordinatur; secundario vero secundum discretionem observantiarum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6519 debito fini proportionatarum. Secundo, propter declinationem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6520 religionis debita perfectione. Puta, si in aliqua religione altiori
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6521 incipiant religiosi remissius vivere, laudabiliter transit aliquis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6522 ad religionem etiam minorem, si melius observetur, sicut in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6523 collationibus patrum dicit abbas Ioannes de seipso quod a vita
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6524 solitaria, in qua professus fuerat, transiit ad minorem, scilicet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6525 eorum qui vivunt in societate, propter hoc quod vita eremitica
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6526 coeperat declinare et laxius observari. Tertio, propter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6527 infirmitatem vel debilitatem, ex qua interdum provenit quod non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6528 potest aliquis arctioris religionis statuta servare, posset autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6529 observare statuta religionis laxioris. Sed in his tribus casibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6530 est differentia. Nam in primo casu, debet quidem, propter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6531 humilitatem, licentiam petere, quae tamen ei negari non potest,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6532 dummodo constet illam religionem esse altiorem; <i>si vero de hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6533 probabiliter dubitetur, est in hoc superioris iudicium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6534 requirendum</i>; ut habetur extra, de Regular. et Transeunt. ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6535 Relig., cap. licet. Similiter requiritur superioris iudicium in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6536 secundo casu. In tertio vero casu est etiam dispensatio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6537 necessaria.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6538 <p title="II-II q. 189 a. 8 ad 1"><a name="46712"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6539 "ref">[46712] IIª-IIae, q. 189 a. 8 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6540 ergo dicendum quod illi qui ad altiorem religionem transeunt, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6541 faciunt hoc praesumptuose, ut iusti videantur, sed devote, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6542 iustiores fiant.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6543 <p title="II-II q. 189 a. 8 ad 2"><a name="46713"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6544 "ref">[46713] IIª-IIae, q. 189 a. 8 ad 2</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6545 secundum dicendum quod utraque religio, scilicet monachorum et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6546 canonicorum regularium, ordinatur ad opera vitae contemplativae.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6547 Inter quae praecipua sunt ea quae aguntur in divinis mysteriis, ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6548 quae ordinatur directe ordo canonicorum regularium, quibus per se
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6549 competit ut sint clerici religiosi. Sed ad religionem monachorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6550 non per se competit quod sint clerici, ut habetur in decretis, XVI,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6551 qu. I. Et ideo, quamvis ordo monachorum sit arctioris observantiae,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6552 si monachi essent laici, liceret transire ab ordine monachorum ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6553 ordinem canonicorum regularium, secundum illud Hieronymi, ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6554 rusticum monachum, sic vive in monasterio ut clericus esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6555 merearis, non autem e converso, ut habetur in decretis, XIX Caus.,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6556 qu. III, in decreto inducto. Sed si monachi sint clerici sacris
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6557 mysteriis obsequentes, habent id quod est canonicorum regularium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6558 cum maiori arctitudine. Et ideo transire licitum erit de ordine
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6559 canonicorum regularium ad ordinem monachorum, petita tamen
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6560 superioris licentia, ut dicitur XIX, qu. III, cap. statuimus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6561 <p title="II-II q. 189 a. 8 ad 3"><a name="46714"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6562 "ref">[46714] IIª-IIae, q. 189 a. 8 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6563 dicendum quod votum solemne quo quis obligatur minori religioni,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6564 est fortius quam votum simplex quo quis adstringitur maiori
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6565 religioni, post votum enim simplex, si contraheret aliquis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6566 matrimonium, non dirimeretur, sicut post votum solemne. Et ideo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6567 ille qui iam professus est in minori religione, non tenetur implere
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6568 votum simplex quod emisit de intrando maiorem religionem.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6569 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6570 <div class="E">Articulus 9</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6571 <p title="II-II q. 189 a. 9 arg. 1"><a name="46715"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6572 "ref">[46715] IIª-IIae, q. 189 a. 9 arg. 1</span></a> Ad nonum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6573 sic proceditur. Videtur quod nullus debeat alios inducere ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6574 religionem intrandum. Mandat enim beatus Benedictus, in regula sua,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6575 quod <i>venientibus ad religionem non sit facilis praebendus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6576 ingressus, sed probandum est an spiritus a Deo sint</i>. Et hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6577 etiam docet Cassianus, in IV Lib. de institutis Coenob. Multo ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6578 minus licet aliquem ad religionem inducere.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6579 <p title="II-II q. 189 a. 9 arg. 2"><a name="46716"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6580 "ref">[46716] IIª-IIae, q. 189 a. 9 arg. 2</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6581 Praeterea, Matth. XXIII, dominus dicit, <i>vae vobis. Qui circuitis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6582 mare et aridam ut faciatis unum proselytum, et, cum factus fuerit,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6583 facitis eum filium Gehennae duplo quam vos</i>. Sed hoc videntur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6584 facere qui homines ad religionem inducunt. Ergo videtur hoc esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6585 vituperabile.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6586 <p title="II-II q. 189 a. 9 arg. 3"><a name="46717"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6587 "ref">[46717] IIª-IIae, q. 189 a. 9 arg. 3</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6588 Praeterea, nullus debet inducere aliquem ad id quod pertinet ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6589 eius detrimentum. Sed ille qui inducit aliquem ad religionem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6590 quandoque ex hoc incurrit detrimentum, quia quandoque sunt obligati
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6591 ad maiorem religionem. Ergo videtur quod non sit laudabile inducere
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6592 aliquos ad religionem.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6593 <p title="II-II q. 189 a. 9 s. c."><a name="46718"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6594 "ref">[46718] IIª-IIae, q. 189 a. 9 s. c.</span></a> Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6595 contra est quod dicitur Exod. XXVI, cortina cortinam trahat. Debet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6596 ergo unus homo alium trahere ad Dei obsequium.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6597 <p title="II-II q. 189 a. 9 co."><a name="46719"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6598 "ref">[46719] IIª-IIae, q. 189 a. 9 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6599 dicendum quod inducentes alios ad religionem non solum non peccant,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6600 sed magnum praemium merentur, dicitur enim Iac. ult., <i>qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6601 converti fecerit peccatorem ab errore viae suae, liberat animam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6602 eius a morte, et operit multitudinem peccatorum</i>; et Dan. XII
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6603 dicitur, <i>qui ad iustitiam erudiunt plurimos, quasi stellae in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6604 perpetuas aeternitates</i>. Posset tamen contingere circa huiusmodi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6605 inductionem triplex inordinatio. Primo quidem, si violenter aliquis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6606 alium ad religionem cogeret, quod prohibetur, in decretis, XX, qu.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6607 III. Secundo, si aliquis simoniace alium ad religionem trahat,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6608 muneribus datis, ut prohibetur in decretis, qu. II, cap. quam pio.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6609 Nec tamen ad hoc pertinet si aliquis alicui pauperi necessaria
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6610 ministret in saeculo, nutriens eum ad religionem, vel si, sine
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6611 pacto, aliqua munuscula tribuat ad familiaritatem captandam.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6612 Tertio, si mendaciis eum alliciat. Imminet enim sic inducto
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6613 periculum ne, cum se deceptum invenerit, retrocedat; et sic fiant
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6614 novissima hominis illius peiora prioribus, ut dicitur Matth.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6615 XII.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6616 <p title="II-II q. 189 a. 9 ad 1"><a name="46720"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6617 "ref">[46720] IIª-IIae, q. 189 a. 9 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6618 ergo dicendum quod illis qui ad religionem inducuntur, nihilominus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6619 reservatur probationis tempus, in quo difficultates religionis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6620 experiuntur. Et sic non facilis aditus eis datur ad religionis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6621 ingressum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6622 <p title="II-II q. 189 a. 9 ad 2"><a name="46721"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6623 "ref">[46721] IIª-IIae, q. 189 a. 9 ad 2</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6624 secundum dicendum quod, secundum Hilarium, verbum illud domini
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6625 praenuntiativum fuit perversi studii Iudaeorum quo, post Christi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6626 praedicationem, gentiles vel etiam Christianos ad Iudaicum ritum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6627 trahendo, faciunt dupliciter Gehennae filios, quia scilicet et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6628 peccata pristina quae commiserunt, eis in Iudaismo non dimittuntur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6629 et nihilominus incurrunt Iudaicae perfidiae reatum. Et secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6630 hoc, non facit ad propositum. Secundum Hieronymum autem, hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6631 refertur ad Iudaeos etiam pro statu illo in quo legalia observari
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6632 licebat, quantum ad hoc quod ille qui ab eis ad Iudaismum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6633 convertebatur, <i>dum esset gentilis, simpliciter errabat; videns
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6634 autem magistrorum vitia, revertitur ad vomitum suum, et, gentilis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6635 factus, quasi praevaricator, maiori poena fit dignus</i>. Ex quo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6636 patet quod trahere alios ad cultum Dei, vel ad religionem, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6637 vituperatur, sed hoc solum quod aliquis ei quem convertit det malum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6638 exemplum, unde peior efficiatur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6639 <p title="II-II q. 189 a. 9 ad 3"><a name="46722"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6640 "ref">[46722] IIª-IIae, q. 189 a. 9 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6641 dicendum quod in maiori includitur minus. Et ideo ille qui est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6642 obligatus voto vel iuramento ad ingressum minoris religionis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6643 potest licite induci ad hoc quod ad maiorem religionem transeat,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6644 nisi sit aliquid speciale quod impediat, puta infirmitas, vel spes
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6645 maioris profectus in minori religione. Ille vero qui est obligatus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6646 voto vel iuramento ad ingressum maioris religionis, non potest
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6647 licite induci ad minorem religionem, nisi ex aliqua speciali causa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6648 evidenti, et hoc cum dispensatione superioris.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6649 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6650 <div class="E">Articulus 10</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6651 <p title="II-II q. 189 a. 10 arg. 1"><a name="46723"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6652 "ref">[46723] IIª-IIae, q. 189 a. 10 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6653 decimum sic proceditur. Videtur quod non sit laudabile quod aliquis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6654 religionem ingrediatur absque multorum consilio, et diuturna
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6655 deliberatione praecedente. Dicitur enim I Ioan. IV, <i>nolite
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6656 credere omni spiritui, sed probate spiritus, si ex Deo sunt</i>.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6657 Sed quandoque propositum religionis intrandae non est ex Deo, cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6658 frequenter per exitum religionis dissolvatur; dicitur autem Act. V,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6659 <i>si est ex Deo consilium hoc aut opus, non poteritis dissolvere
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6660 illud</i>. Ergo videtur quod, magna examinatione praecedente,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6661 debeant aliqui religionem intrare.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6662 <p title="II-II q. 189 a. 10 arg. 2"><a name="46724"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6663 "ref">[46724] IIª-IIae, q. 189 a. 10 arg. 2</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6664 Praeterea, Prov. XXV dicitur, causam tuam tracta cum amico tuo. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6665 maxime videtur hominis esse causa quae pertinet ad mutationem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6666 status. Ergo videtur quod non debeat aliquis religionem intrare,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6667 nisi prius cum amicis suis tractet.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6668 <p title="II-II q. 189 a. 10 arg. 3"><a name="46725"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6669 "ref">[46725] IIª-IIae, q. 189 a. 10 arg. 3</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6670 Praeterea, dominus, Luc. XIV, inducit similitudinem de homine qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6671 vult turrim aedificare, quod prius sedens computat sumptus qui sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6672 ei necessarii, si habeat ad perficiendum, ne insultetur ei, quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6673 hic homo incoepit aedificare, et non potuit consummare. Sumptus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6674 autem ad turrim aedificandam, ut Augustinus dicit, in epistola ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6675 Laetum, <i>nihil est aliud quam ut renuntiet unusquisque omnibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6676 quae sunt eius</i>. Contingit autem quandoque quod hoc multi non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6677 possunt, et similiter alias religionis observantias portare, in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6678 cuius figura, I Reg. XVII dicitur quod <i>David non poterat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6679 incedere cum armis Saulis, quia non habebat usum</i>. Ergo videtur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6680 quod non debeat aliquis religionem intrare, nisi diuturna
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6681 deliberatione praemissa, et multorum consilio habito.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6682 <p title="II-II q. 189 a. 10 s. c."><a name="46726"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6683 "ref">[46726] IIª-IIae, q. 189 a. 10 s. c.</span></a> Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6684 contra est quod dicitur Matth. IV, quod ad vocationem domini,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6685 Petrus et Andreas, continuo, relictis retibus, secuti sunt eum. Ubi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6686 Chrysostomus dicit, super Matth., <i>talem obedientiam Christus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6687 quaerit a nobis ut neque instanti tempore remoremur</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6688 <p title="II-II q. 189 a. 10 co."><a name="46727"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6689 "ref">[46727] IIª-IIae, q. 189 a. 10 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6690 dicendum quod diuturna deliberatio et multorum consilia requiruntur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6691 in magnis et dubiis, ut philosophus dicit, in III Ethic., in his
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6692 autem quae sunt certa et determinata, non requiritur consilium.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6693 Circa ingressum autem religionis tria possunt considerari. Primo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6694 quidem, ipse religionis ingressus secundum se. Et sic certum est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6695 quod ingressus religionis est melius bonum, et qui de hoc dubitat,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6696 quantum est in se, derogat Christo, qui hoc consilium dedit. Unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6697 Augustinus dicit, in libro de Verb. Dom., vocat te oriens, idest
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6698 Christus, et tu attendis occidentem, idest ad hominem mortalem et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6699 errare potentem. Alio modo potest considerari religionis ingressus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6700 per comparationem ad vires eius qui est religionem ingressurus. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6701 sic etiam non est locus dubitationis de ingressu religionis, quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6702 illi qui religionem ingrediuntur, non confidunt sua virtute se
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6703 posse subsistere, sed auxilio virtutis divinae; secundum illud
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6704 Isaiae XL, <i>qui sperant in domino, mutabunt fortitudinem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6705 assument pennas sicut aquilae, current et non laborabunt,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6706 ambulabunt et non deficient</i>. Si tamen sit aliquod speciale
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6707 impedimentum, puta infirmitas corporalis vel onera debitorum, vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6708 aliqua huiusmodi, in his requiritur deliberatio, et consilium cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6709 his de quibus speratur quod prosint et non impediant. Unde dicitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6710 Eccli. XXXVII, <i>cum viro irreligioso tracta de sanctitate, et cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6711 iniusto de iustitia</i>, quasi dicat, non, unde sequitur, <i>non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6712 attendas his in omni consilio, sed cum viro sancto assiduus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6713 esto</i>. In quibus tamen non est diuturna deliberatio habenda.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6714 Unde Hieronymus dicit, in epistola ad Paulinum, <i>festina, quaeso,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6715 te, et haerenti in salo naviculae funem magis praecide quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6716 solve</i>. Tertio autem potest considerari modus religionem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6717 intrandi, et quam religionem aliquis ingredi debeat. Et de talibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6718 potest etiam haberi consilium cum his qui non impediant.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6719 <p title="II-II q. 189 a. 10 ad 1"><a name="46728"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6720 "ref">[46728] IIª-IIae, q. 189 a. 10 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6721 ergo dicendum quod, cum dicitur, probate spiritus si ex Deo sunt,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6722 locum habet in his quae dubia sunt utrum spiritus Dei sit. Sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6723 dubium potest esse his qui iam sunt in religione, utrum ille qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6724 religioni se offert, spiritu Dei ducatur, an simulate accedat, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6725 ideo debent accedentem probare, utrum divino spiritu moveatur. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6726 illi qui ad religionem accedit, non potest esse dubium an
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6727 propositum de ingressu religionis in corde eius exortum sit a
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6728 spiritu Dei, cuius est ducere hominem in terram rectam. Nec propter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6729 hoc ostenditur non esse ex Deo, quod aliqui retrocedunt. Non enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6730 omne quod est a Deo, est incorruptibile, alioquin, creaturae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6731 corruptibiles non essent ex Deo, ut Manichaei dicunt; neque etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6732 aliqui qui habent a Deo gratiam, possent illam amittere, quod etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6733 est haereticum. Sed consilium Dei est indissolubile, quo etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6734 corruptibilia et mutabilia facit, secundum illud Isaiae XLVI,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6735 <i>consilium meum stabit, et omnis voluntas mea fiet</i>. Et ideo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6736 propositum de ingressu religionis non indiget probatione utrum sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6737 a Deo, quia certa discussione non egent, ut dicit Glossa, super
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6738 illud I ad Thess. ult., omnia probate.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6739 <p title="II-II q. 189 a. 10 ad 2"><a name="46729"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6740 "ref">[46729] IIª-IIae, q. 189 a. 10 ad 2</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6741 secundum dicendum quod, sicut caro concupiscit adversus spiritum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6742 ut dicitur Galat. V; ita etiam frequenter amici carnales
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6743 adversantur profectui spirituali, secundum illud Mich. VII,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6744 <i>inimici hominis domestici eius</i>. Unde Cyrillus, exponens
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6745 illud Luc. IX, permitte me renuntiare his qui domi sunt, dicit,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6746 <i>quaerere renuntiare his qui domi sunt, ostendit quod utcumque
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6747 divisus sit, nam communicare proximis, et consulere nolentes aequa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6748 sapere, indicat adhuc utcumque languentem et recedentem. Propter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6749 quod, audit a domino, nemo, cum posuerit manum ad aratrum et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6750 aspexerit retro, habilis est ad regnum Dei. Aspicit enim retro qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6751 dilationem quaerit occasione redeundi domum et cum propinquis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6752 conferendi</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6753 <p title="II-II q. 189 a. 10 ad 3"><a name="46730"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6754 "ref">[46730] IIª-IIae, q. 189 a. 10 ad 3</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6755 tertium dicendum quod per aedificationem turris significatur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6756 perfectio Christianae vitae. Abrenuntiatio autem propriorum est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6757 sumptus ad aedificandam turrim. Nullus autem dubitat vel deliberat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6758 an velit habere sumptus, vel an possit turrim aedificare si sumptus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6759 habeat, sed hoc sub deliberatione ponitur, an aliquis sumptus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6760 habeat. Similiter sub deliberatione cadere non oportet utrum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6761 aliquis debeat abrenuntiare omnibus quae possidet, vel si, hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6762 faciendo, ad perfectionem pervenire possit. Sed hoc cadit sub
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6763 deliberatione, utrum hoc quod facit, sit abrenuntiare omnibus quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6764 possidet, quia nisi abrenuntiaverit, quod est sumptus habere, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6765 potest, ut ibidem subditur, Christi esse discipulus, quod est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6766 turrim aedificare. Timor autem eorum qui trepidant an per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6767 religionis ingressum possint ad perfectionem pervenire, est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6768 irrationabilis; et multorum exemplo convincitur. Unde Augustinus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6769 dicit, VIII Confess., <i>aperiebatur ab ea parte qua intenderam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6770 faciem, et quo transire trepidabam, casta dignitas continentiae,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6771 honeste blandiens ut venirem neque dubitarem, et extendens ad me
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6772 suscipiendum et amplectendum pias manus plenas gregibus bonorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6773 exemplorum. Ibi tot pueri et puellae; ibi iuventus multa et omnis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6774 aetas, et graves viduae et virgines anus. Irridebat me irrisione
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6775 exhortatoria, quasi diceret, tu non poteris quod isti et istae? An
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6776 isti et istae in semetipsis possunt, et non in domino Deo suo? Quid
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6777 in te stas, et non stas? Proiice te in eum. Noli metuere, non se
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6778 subtrahet, ut cadas. Proiice te securus, et excipiet te et sanabit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6779 te</i>. Exemplum autem illud quod inducitur de David, non facit ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6780 propositum. Quia arma Saulis, sicut Glossa dicit, sunt legis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6781 sacramenta, tanquam onerantia, religio autem est suave iugum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6782 Christi, quia, ut Gregorius dicit, in IV Moral., <i>quid grave
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6783 mentis nostrae cervicibus imponit qui vitare omne desiderium quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6784 perturbat praecipit, qui declinari laboriosa mundi huius itinera
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6785 monet?</i> Quod quidem suave iugum super se tollentibus refectionem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6786 divinae fruitionis repromittit, et sempiternam requiem animarum. Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6787 quam nos perducat ipse qui promisit, Iesus Christus, dominus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6788 noster, qui est super omnia Deus benedictus in saecula. Amen.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6789 <div class="centro"><br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6790 <p><a href="sth3179.html"><img src="icons/ageretro.gif" width="19"
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6791 height="19" align="middle" border="0" alt="age retro" /></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6792 <a href="sth4000.html"><img src="icons/ageultra.gif" width="19"
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6793 height="19" align="middle" border="0" alt="age ultra" /></a></p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6794 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6795 <hr />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6796 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6797 <address>© 2006 Fundación Tomás de Aquino quoad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6798 hanc editionem<br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6799 Iura omnia asservantur<br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6800 OCLC nr. <a href="http://worldcatlibraries.org/wcpa/oclc/49644264"
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6801 style="text-decoration=none">49644264</a></address>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6802 </div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6803 </body>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6804 </html>

Mercurial > hg > Aquinas

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