Aquinas: summa/latin/sth4060.html annotate

annotate summa/latin/sth4060.html @ 56:b098f72b8f2f

local doctype

author	ht
date	Wed, 30 Dec 2009 12:00:10 +0000
parents	d777cc3962f2
children	03759e5c1080

rev	line source
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2 <!DOCTYPE html
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	3 PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "file:///c:/cygwin/usr/local/share/lib/xml/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	4 <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="LA" lang="LA">
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5 <head>
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	6 <meta content="HTML Tidy for Windows (vers 1st February 2005), see www.w3.org" name="generator"/>
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	7 <meta content="text/html; charset=us-ascii" http-equiv="Content-Type"/>
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	8 <meta content="text/css" http-equiv="Content-Style-Type"/>
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	9 <meta content="text/javascript" http-equiv="Content-Script-Type"/>
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	10 <meta content="Thomas de Aquino, Summa Theologiae, Corpus Thomisticum" name="keywords"/>
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	11 <meta content="Latin" name="language"/>
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	12 <meta content="public" name="security"/>
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	13 <meta content="ealarcon@unav.es" name="owner"/>
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	14 <meta content="Enrique Alarcón" name="author"/>
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	15 <meta content="" name="abstract"/>
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	16 <link type="text/css" href="vscreen.css" media="screen" rel="stylesheet"/>
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	17 <link type="text/css" href="vprint.css" media="print" rel="stylesheet"/>
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	18 <title>Thomas de Aquino, Summa Theologiae, IIIª q.
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	19 60-65</title>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	20 </head>
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	21 <body><a href="http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/"/><div class="tres">CORPUS THOMISTICUM</div><div class="uno">Sancti Thomae de Aquino</div><div class="uno">Summa Theologiae</div><div class="dos">tertia pars a quaestione LX ad quaestionem
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	22 LXV</div><div class="centro">
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	23 <table summary="Imago" align="center">
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	24 <tr>
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	25 <th><img align="middle" alt="Thomas de Aquino a Sassetta depictus" border="0" height="180" width="204" src="icons/bene180.jpg"/></th>
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	26 </tr>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	27 </table>
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	28 <br/>
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	29 <span class="tres">Textum Leoninum Romae 1906 editum<br/>
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	30 ac automato translatum a Roberto Busa SJ in taenias
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	31 magneticas<br/>
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	32 denuo recognovit Enrique Alarcón atque instruxit<br/>
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	33 <br/></span><br/>
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	34 <hr/>
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	35 <br/>
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	36 <p><a href="sth4053.html"><img alt="age retro" border="0" align="middle" height="19" width="19" src="icons/ageretro.gif"/></a>
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	37 <a href="sth4066.html"><img alt="age ultra" border="0" align="middle" height="19" width="19" src="icons/ageultra.gif"/></a></p>
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	38 <script type="text/javascript" language="JavaScript">
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	39 //
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	40 <!--
26 4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	41 // original code by Bill Trefzger 12/12/96; revised by Enrique Alarcon 12/9/2000
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	42 function go(){if(document.selecter.select1.options[document.selecter.select1.selectedIndex].value !="none"){location=document.selecter.select1.options[document.selecter.select1.selectedIndex].value}}
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	43 document.write('<FORM NAME="selecter"><SELECT NAME="select1">');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	44 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="none">INDEX');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	45 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="none">------------------------------------------------');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	46 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="index.html">Corpus Thomisticum');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	47 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="iopera.html">Opera omnia');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	48 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="zbiblia.html">Bibliographia Thomistica');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	49 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="none">------------------------------------------------');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	50 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49539">III&ordf; q. 60 pr.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	51 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49540">III&ordf; q. 60 a. 1 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	52 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49541">III&ordf; q. 60 a. 1 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	53 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49542">III&ordf; q. 60 a. 1 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	54 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49543">III&ordf; q. 60 a. 1 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	55 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49544">III&ordf; q. 60 a. 1 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	56 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49545">III&ordf; q. 60 a. 1 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	57 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49546">III&ordf; q. 60 a. 1 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	58 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49547">III&ordf; q. 60 a. 1 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	59 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49548">III&ordf; q. 60 a. 2 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	60 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49549">III&ordf; q. 60 a. 2 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	61 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49550">III&ordf; q. 60 a. 2 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	62 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49551">III&ordf; q. 60 a. 2 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	63 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49552">III&ordf; q. 60 a. 2 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	64 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49553">III&ordf; q. 60 a. 2 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	65 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49554">III&ordf; q. 60 a. 2 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	66 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49555">III&ordf; q. 60 a. 2 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	67 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49556">III&ordf; q. 60 a. 3 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	68 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49557">III&ordf; q. 60 a. 3 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	69 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49558">III&ordf; q. 60 a. 3 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	70 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49559">III&ordf; q. 60 a. 3 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	71 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49560">III&ordf; q. 60 a. 3 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	72 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49561">III&ordf; q. 60 a. 3 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	73 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49562">III&ordf; q. 60 a. 3 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	74 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49563">III&ordf; q. 60 a. 3 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	75 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49564">III&ordf; q. 60 a. 4 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	76 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49565">III&ordf; q. 60 a. 4 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	77 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49566">III&ordf; q. 60 a. 4 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	78 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49567">III&ordf; q. 60 a. 4 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	79 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49568">III&ordf; q. 60 a. 4 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	80 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49569">III&ordf; q. 60 a. 4 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	81 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49570">III&ordf; q. 60 a. 4 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	82 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49571">III&ordf; q. 60 a. 4 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	83 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49572">III&ordf; q. 60 a. 5 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	84 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49573">III&ordf; q. 60 a. 5 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	85 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49574">III&ordf; q. 60 a. 5 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	86 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49575">III&ordf; q. 60 a. 5 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	87 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49576">III&ordf; q. 60 a. 5 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	88 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49577">III&ordf; q. 60 a. 5 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	89 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49578">III&ordf; q. 60 a. 5 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	90 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49579">III&ordf; q. 60 a. 5 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	91 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49580">III&ordf; q. 60 a. 6 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	92 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49581">III&ordf; q. 60 a. 6 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	93 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49582">III&ordf; q. 60 a. 6 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	94 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49583">III&ordf; q. 60 a. 6 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	95 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49584">III&ordf; q. 60 a. 6 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	96 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49585">III&ordf; q. 60 a. 6 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	97 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49586">III&ordf; q. 60 a. 6 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	98 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49587">III&ordf; q. 60 a. 6 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	99 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49588">III&ordf; q. 60 a. 7 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	100 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49589">III&ordf; q. 60 a. 7 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	101 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49590">III&ordf; q. 60 a. 7 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	102 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49591">III&ordf; q. 60 a. 7 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	103 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49592">III&ordf; q. 60 a. 7 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	104 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49593">III&ordf; q. 60 a. 7 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	105 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49594">III&ordf; q. 60 a. 7 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	106 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49595">III&ordf; q. 60 a. 7 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	107 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49596">III&ordf; q. 60 a. 8 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	108 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49597">III&ordf; q. 60 a. 8 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	109 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49598">III&ordf; q. 60 a. 8 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	110 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49599">III&ordf; q. 60 a. 8 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	111 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49600">III&ordf; q. 60 a. 8 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	112 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49601">III&ordf; q. 60 a. 8 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	113 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49602">III&ordf; q. 60 a. 8 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	114 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49603">III&ordf; q. 60 a. 8 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	115 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49604">III&ordf; q. 61 pr.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	116 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49605">III&ordf; q. 61 a. 1 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	117 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49606">III&ordf; q. 61 a. 1 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	118 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49607">III&ordf; q. 61 a. 1 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	119 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49608">III&ordf; q. 61 a. 1 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	120 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49609">III&ordf; q. 61 a. 1 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	121 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49610">III&ordf; q. 61 a. 1 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	122 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49611">III&ordf; q. 61 a. 1 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	123 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49612">III&ordf; q. 61 a. 1 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	124 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49613">III&ordf; q. 61 a. 2 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	125 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49614">III&ordf; q. 61 a. 2 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	126 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49615">III&ordf; q. 61 a. 2 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	127 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49616">III&ordf; q. 61 a. 2 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	128 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49617">III&ordf; q. 61 a. 2 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	129 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49618">III&ordf; q. 61 a. 2 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	130 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49619">III&ordf; q. 61 a. 2 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	131 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49620">III&ordf; q. 61 a. 2 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	132 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49621">III&ordf; q. 61 a. 3 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	133 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49622">III&ordf; q. 61 a. 3 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	134 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49623">III&ordf; q. 61 a. 3 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	135 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49624">III&ordf; q. 61 a. 3 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	136 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49625">III&ordf; q. 61 a. 3 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	137 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49626">III&ordf; q. 61 a. 3 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	138 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49627">III&ordf; q. 61 a. 3 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	139 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49628">III&ordf; q. 61 a. 3 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	140 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49629">III&ordf; q. 61 a. 4 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	141 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49630">III&ordf; q. 61 a. 4 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	142 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49631">III&ordf; q. 61 a. 4 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	143 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49632">III&ordf; q. 61 a. 4 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	144 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49633">III&ordf; q. 61 a. 4 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	145 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49634">III&ordf; q. 61 a. 4 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	146 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49635">III&ordf; q. 61 a. 4 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	147 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49636">III&ordf; q. 61 a. 4 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	148 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49637">III&ordf; q. 62 pr.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	149 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49638">III&ordf; q. 62 a. 1 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	150 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49639">III&ordf; q. 62 a. 1 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	151 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49640">III&ordf; q. 62 a. 1 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	152 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49641">III&ordf; q. 62 a. 1 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	153 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49642">III&ordf; q. 62 a. 1 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	154 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49643">III&ordf; q. 62 a. 1 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	155 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49644">III&ordf; q. 62 a. 1 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	156 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49645">III&ordf; q. 62 a. 1 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	157 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49646">III&ordf; q. 62 a. 2 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	158 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49647">III&ordf; q. 62 a. 2 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	159 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49648">III&ordf; q. 62 a. 2 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	160 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49649">III&ordf; q. 62 a. 2 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	161 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49650">III&ordf; q. 62 a. 2 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	162 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49651">III&ordf; q. 62 a. 2 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	163 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49652">III&ordf; q. 62 a. 2 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	164 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49653">III&ordf; q. 62 a. 2 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	165 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49654">III&ordf; q. 62 a. 3 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	166 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49655">III&ordf; q. 62 a. 3 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	167 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49656">III&ordf; q. 62 a. 3 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	168 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49657">III&ordf; q. 62 a. 3 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	169 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49658">III&ordf; q. 62 a. 3 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	170 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49659">III&ordf; q. 62 a. 3 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	171 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49660">III&ordf; q. 62 a. 3 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	172 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49661">III&ordf; q. 62 a. 3 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	173 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49662">III&ordf; q. 62 a. 4 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	174 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49663">III&ordf; q. 62 a. 4 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	175 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49664">III&ordf; q. 62 a. 4 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	176 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49665">III&ordf; q. 62 a. 4 arg. 4');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	177 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49666">III&ordf; q. 62 a. 4 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	178 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49667">III&ordf; q. 62 a. 4 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	179 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49668">III&ordf; q. 62 a. 4 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	180 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49669">III&ordf; q. 62 a. 4 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	181 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49670">III&ordf; q. 62 a. 4 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	182 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49671">III&ordf; q. 62 a. 4 ad 4');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	183 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49672">III&ordf; q. 62 a. 5 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	184 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49673">III&ordf; q. 62 a. 5 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	185 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49674">III&ordf; q. 62 a. 5 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	186 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49675">III&ordf; q. 62 a. 5 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	187 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49676">III&ordf; q. 62 a. 5 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	188 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49677">III&ordf; q. 62 a. 5 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	189 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49678">III&ordf; q. 62 a. 5 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	190 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49679">III&ordf; q. 62 a. 5 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	191 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49680">III&ordf; q. 62 a. 6 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	192 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49681">III&ordf; q. 62 a. 6 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	193 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49682">III&ordf; q. 62 a. 6 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	194 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49683">III&ordf; q. 62 a. 6 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	195 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49684">III&ordf; q. 62 a. 6 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	196 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49685">III&ordf; q. 62 a. 6 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	197 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49686">III&ordf; q. 62 a. 6 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	198 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49687">III&ordf; q. 62 a. 6 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	199 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49688">III&ordf; q. 63 pr.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	200 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49689">III&ordf; q. 63 a. 1 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	201 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49690">III&ordf; q. 63 a. 1 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	202 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49691">III&ordf; q. 63 a. 1 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	203 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49692">III&ordf; q. 63 a. 1 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	204 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49693">III&ordf; q. 63 a. 1 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	205 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49694">III&ordf; q. 63 a. 1 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	206 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49695">III&ordf; q. 63 a. 1 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	207 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49696">III&ordf; q. 63 a. 1 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	208 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49697">III&ordf; q. 63 a. 2 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	209 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49698">III&ordf; q. 63 a. 2 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	210 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49699">III&ordf; q. 63 a. 2 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	211 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49700">III&ordf; q. 63 a. 2 arg. 4');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	212 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49701">III&ordf; q. 63 a. 2 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	213 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49702">III&ordf; q. 63 a. 2 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	214 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49703">III&ordf; q. 63 a. 2 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	215 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49704">III&ordf; q. 63 a. 2 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	216 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49705">III&ordf; q. 63 a. 2 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	217 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49706">III&ordf; q. 63 a. 2 ad 4');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	218 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49707">III&ordf; q. 63 a. 3 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	219 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49708">III&ordf; q. 63 a. 3 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	220 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49709">III&ordf; q. 63 a. 3 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	221 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49710">III&ordf; q. 63 a. 3 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	222 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49711">III&ordf; q. 63 a. 3 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	223 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49712">III&ordf; q. 63 a. 3 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	224 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49713">III&ordf; q. 63 a. 3 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	225 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49714">III&ordf; q. 63 a. 3 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	226 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49715">III&ordf; q. 63 a. 4 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	227 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49716">III&ordf; q. 63 a. 4 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	228 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49717">III&ordf; q. 63 a. 4 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	229 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49718">III&ordf; q. 63 a. 4 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	230 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49719">III&ordf; q. 63 a. 4 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	231 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49720">III&ordf; q. 63 a. 4 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	232 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49721">III&ordf; q. 63 a. 4 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	233 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49722">III&ordf; q. 63 a. 4 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	234 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49723">III&ordf; q. 63 a. 5 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	235 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49724">III&ordf; q. 63 a. 5 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	236 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49725">III&ordf; q. 63 a. 5 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	237 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49726">III&ordf; q. 63 a. 5 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	238 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49727">III&ordf; q. 63 a. 5 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	239 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49728">III&ordf; q. 63 a. 5 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	240 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49729">III&ordf; q. 63 a. 5 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	241 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49730">III&ordf; q. 63 a. 5 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	242 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49731">III&ordf; q. 63 a. 6 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	243 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49732">III&ordf; q. 63 a. 6 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	244 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49733">III&ordf; q. 63 a. 6 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	245 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49734">III&ordf; q. 63 a. 6 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	246 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49735">III&ordf; q. 63 a. 6 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	247 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49736">III&ordf; q. 63 a. 6 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	248 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49737">III&ordf; q. 63 a. 6 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	249 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49738">III&ordf; q. 63 a. 6 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	250 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49739">III&ordf; q. 64 pr.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	251 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49740">III&ordf; q. 64 a. 1 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	252 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49741">III&ordf; q. 64 a. 1 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	253 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49742">III&ordf; q. 64 a. 1 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	254 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49743">III&ordf; q. 64 a. 1 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	255 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49744">III&ordf; q. 64 a. 1 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	256 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49745">III&ordf; q. 64 a. 1 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	257 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49746">III&ordf; q. 64 a. 1 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	258 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49747">III&ordf; q. 64 a. 1 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	259 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49748">III&ordf; q. 64 a. 2 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	260 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49749">III&ordf; q. 64 a. 2 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	261 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49750">III&ordf; q. 64 a. 2 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	262 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49751">III&ordf; q. 64 a. 2 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	263 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49752">III&ordf; q. 64 a. 2 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	264 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49753">III&ordf; q. 64 a. 2 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	265 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49754">III&ordf; q. 64 a. 2 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	266 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49755">III&ordf; q. 64 a. 2 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	267 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49756">III&ordf; q. 64 a. 3 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	268 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49757">III&ordf; q. 64 a. 3 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	269 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49758">III&ordf; q. 64 a. 3 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	270 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49759">III&ordf; q. 64 a. 3 arg. 4');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	271 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49760">III&ordf; q. 64 a. 3 arg. 5');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	272 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49761">III&ordf; q. 64 a. 3 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	273 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49762">III&ordf; q. 64 a. 3 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	274 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49763">III&ordf; q. 64 a. 3 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	275 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49764">III&ordf; q. 64 a. 4 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	276 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49765">III&ordf; q. 64 a. 4 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	277 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49766">III&ordf; q. 64 a. 4 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	278 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49767">III&ordf; q. 64 a. 4 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	279 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49768">III&ordf; q. 64 a. 4 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	280 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49769">III&ordf; q. 64 a. 4 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	281 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49770">III&ordf; q. 64 a. 4 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	282 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49771">III&ordf; q. 64 a. 4 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	283 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49772">III&ordf; q. 64 a. 5 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	284 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49773">III&ordf; q. 64 a. 5 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	285 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49774">III&ordf; q. 64 a. 5 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	286 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49775">III&ordf; q. 64 a. 5 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	287 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49776">III&ordf; q. 64 a. 5 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	288 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49777">III&ordf; q. 64 a. 5 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	289 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49778">III&ordf; q. 64 a. 5 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	290 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49779">III&ordf; q. 64 a. 5 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	291 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49780">III&ordf; q. 64 a. 6 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	292 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49781">III&ordf; q. 64 a. 6 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	293 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49782">III&ordf; q. 64 a. 6 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	294 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49783">III&ordf; q. 64 a. 6 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	295 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49784">III&ordf; q. 64 a. 6 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	296 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49785">III&ordf; q. 64 a. 6 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	297 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49786">III&ordf; q. 64 a. 6 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	298 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49787">III&ordf; q. 64 a. 6 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	299 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49788">III&ordf; q. 64 a. 7 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	300 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49789">III&ordf; q. 64 a. 7 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	301 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49790">III&ordf; q. 64 a. 7 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	302 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49791">III&ordf; q. 64 a. 7 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	303 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49792">III&ordf; q. 64 a. 7 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	304 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49793">III&ordf; q. 64 a. 7 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	305 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49794">III&ordf; q. 64 a. 7 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	306 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49795">III&ordf; q. 64 a. 7 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	307 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49796">III&ordf; q. 64 a. 8 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	308 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49797">III&ordf; q. 64 a. 8 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	309 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49798">III&ordf; q. 64 a. 8 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	310 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49799">III&ordf; q. 64 a. 8 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	311 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49800">III&ordf; q. 64 a. 8 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	312 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49801">III&ordf; q. 64 a. 8 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	313 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49802">III&ordf; q. 64 a. 8 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	314 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49803">III&ordf; q. 64 a. 8 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	315 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49804">III&ordf; q. 64 a. 9 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	316 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49805">III&ordf; q. 64 a. 9 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	317 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49806">III&ordf; q. 64 a. 9 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	318 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49807">III&ordf; q. 64 a. 9 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	319 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49808">III&ordf; q. 64 a. 9 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	320 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49809">III&ordf; q. 64 a. 9 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	321 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49810">III&ordf; q. 64 a. 9 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	322 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49811">III&ordf; q. 64 a. 9 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	323 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49812">III&ordf; q. 64 a. 10 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	324 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49813">III&ordf; q. 64 a. 10 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	325 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49814">III&ordf; q. 64 a. 10 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	326 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49815">III&ordf; q. 64 a. 10 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	327 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49816">III&ordf; q. 64 a. 10 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	328 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49817">III&ordf; q. 64 a. 10 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	329 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49818">III&ordf; q. 64 a. 10 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	330 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49819">III&ordf; q. 64 a. 10 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	331 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49820">III&ordf; q. 65 pr.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	332 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49821">III&ordf; q. 65 a. 1 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	333 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49822">III&ordf; q. 65 a. 1 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	334 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49823">III&ordf; q. 65 a. 1 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	335 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49824">III&ordf; q. 65 a. 1 arg. 4');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	336 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49825">III&ordf; q. 65 a. 1 arg. 5');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	337 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49826">III&ordf; q. 65 a. 1 s. c. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	338 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49827">III&ordf; q. 65 a. 1 s. c. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	339 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49828">III&ordf; q. 65 a. 1 s. c. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	340 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49829">III&ordf; q. 65 a. 1 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	341 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49830">III&ordf; q. 65 a. 1 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	342 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49831">III&ordf; q. 65 a. 1 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	343 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49832">III&ordf; q. 65 a. 1 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	344 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49833">III&ordf; q. 65 a. 1 ad 4');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	345 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49834">III&ordf; q. 65 a. 1 ad 5');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	346 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49835">III&ordf; q. 65 a. 1 ad 6');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	347 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49836">III&ordf; q. 65 a. 1 ad 7');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	348 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49837">III&ordf; q. 65 a. 1 ad 8');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	349 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49838">III&ordf; q. 65 a. 2 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	350 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49839">III&ordf; q. 65 a. 2 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	351 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49840">III&ordf; q. 65 a. 2 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	352 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49841">III&ordf; q. 65 a. 2 arg. 4');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	353 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49842">III&ordf; q. 65 a. 2 arg. 5');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	354 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49843">III&ordf; q. 65 a. 2 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	355 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49844">III&ordf; q. 65 a. 2 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	356 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49845">III&ordf; q. 65 a. 2 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	357 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49846">III&ordf; q. 65 a. 2 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	358 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49847">III&ordf; q. 65 a. 2 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	359 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49848">III&ordf; q. 65 a. 2 ad 4');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	360 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49849">III&ordf; q. 65 a. 2 ad 5');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	361 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49850">III&ordf; q. 65 a. 3 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	362 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49851">III&ordf; q. 65 a. 3 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	363 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49852">III&ordf; q. 65 a. 3 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	364 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49853">III&ordf; q. 65 a. 3 arg. 4');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	365 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49854">III&ordf; q. 65 a. 3 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	366 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49855">III&ordf; q. 65 a. 3 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	367 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49856">III&ordf; q. 65 a. 3 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	368 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49857">III&ordf; q. 65 a. 3 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	369 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49858">III&ordf; q. 65 a. 3 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	370 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49859">III&ordf; q. 65 a. 3 ad 4');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	371 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49860">III&ordf; q. 65 a. 4 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	372 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49861">III&ordf; q. 65 a. 4 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	373 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49862">III&ordf; q. 65 a. 4 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	374 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49863">III&ordf; q. 65 a. 4 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	375 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49864">III&ordf; q. 65 a. 4 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	376 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49865">III&ordf; q. 65 a. 4 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	377 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49866">III&ordf; q. 65 a. 4 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	378 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49867">III&ordf; q. 65 a. 4 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	379 document.write('<\/SELECT>');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	380 document.write('<BR><BR>');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	381 document.write('<INPUT TYPE="button" VALUE="Agedum" ONCLICK="go()">');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	382 document.write('<\/FORM>');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	383 // -->
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	384 //
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	385 </script><br/>
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	386 <hr/>
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	387 <br/></div><div class="q" id="q60"><h2>Quaestio 60</h2><div class="p"><h3>Prooemium</h3><p title="III q. 60 pr."><a name="49539"><span class="ref">[49539]
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	388 IIIª q. 60 pr.</span></a> Post considerationem eorum quae
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	389 pertinent ad mysteria verbi incarnati, considerandum est de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	390 Ecclesiae sacramentis, quae ab ipso verbo incarnato efficaciam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	391 habent. Et prima consideratio erit de sacramentis in communi;
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	392 secunda de unoquoque sacramentorum in speciali. Circa primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	393 quinque consideranda sunt, primo, quid sit sacramentum; secundo, de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	394 necessitate sacramentorum; tertio, de effectibus sacramentorum;
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	395 quarto, de causa eorum; quinto, de numero. Circa primum quaeruntur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	396 octo. Primo, utrum sacramentum sit in genere signi. Secundo, utrum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	397 omne signum rei sacrae sit sacramentum. Tertio, utrum sacramentum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	398 sit signum unius rei tantum, vel plurium. Quarto, utrum sacramentum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	399 sit signum quod est res sensibilis. Quinto, utrum ad sacramentum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	400 requiratur determinata res sensibilis. Sexto, utrum ad sacramentum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	401 requiratur significatio quae est per verba. Septimo, utrum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	402 requirantur determinata verba. Octavo, utrum illis verbis possit
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	403 aliquid addi vel subtrahi.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 1</h3><p title="III q. 60 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="49540"><span class="ref">[49540] IIIª q. 60 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad primum sic
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	404 proceditur. Videtur quod sacramentum non sit in genere signi.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	405 Videtur enim sacramentum dici a sacrando, sicut medicamentum a
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	406 medicando. Sed hoc magis videtur pertinere ad rationem causae quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	407 ad rationem signi. Ergo sacramentum magis est in genere causae quam
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	408 in genere signi.</p><p title="III q. 60 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="49541"><span class="ref">[49541] IIIª q. 60 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	409 sacramentum videtur occultum aliquid significare, secundum illud
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	410 Tob. XII, <i>sacramentum regis abscondere bonum est</i>; et Ephes.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	411 III, <i>quae sit dispensatio sacramenti absconditi a saeculis in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	412 Deo</i>. Sed id quod est absconditum, videtur esse contra rationem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	413 signi, nam <i>signum est quod, praeter speciem quam sensibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	414 ingerit, facit aliquid aliud in cognitionem venire</i>, ut patet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	415 per Augustinum, in II de Doct. Christ. Ergo videtur quod
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	416 sacramentum non sit in genere signi.</p><p title="III q. 60 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="49542"><span class="ref">[49542] IIIª q. 60 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	417 iuramentum quandoque sacramentum nominatur, dicitur enim in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	418 decretis, XXII Caus., qu. V, <i>parvuli qui sine aetate rationabili
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	419 sunt, non cogantur iurare, et qui semel periuratus fuerit, nec
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	420 testis sit post hoc, nec ad sacramentum</i>, idest ad iuramentum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	421 <i>accedat</i>. Sed iuramentum non pertinet ad rationem signi. Ergo
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	422 videtur quod sacramentum non sit in genere signi.</p><p title="III q. 60 a. 1 s. c."><a name="49543"><span class="ref">[49543] IIIª q. 60 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	423 quod Augustinus dicit, in X de Civ. Dei, <i>sacrificium visibile
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	424 invisibilis sacrificii sacramentum, idest sacrum signum,
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	425 est</i>.</p><p title="III q. 60 a. 1 co."><a name="49544"><span class="ref">[49544] IIIª q. 60 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	426 dicendum quod omnia quae habent ordinem ad unum aliquid, licet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	427 diversimode, ab illo denominari possunt, sicut a sanitate quae est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	428 in animali, denominatur sanum non solum animal, quod est sanitatis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	429 subiectum, sed dicitur medicina sana inquantum est sanitatis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	430 effectiva, diaeta vero inquantum est conservativa eiusdem, et urina
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	431 inquantum est significativa ipsius. Sic igitur sacramentum potest
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	432 aliquid dici vel quia in se habet aliquam sanctitatem occultam, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	433 secundum hoc sacramentum idem est quod sacrum secretum, vel quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	434 habet aliquem ordinem ad hanc sanctitatem, vel causae vel signi vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	435 secundum quamcumque aliam habitudinem. Specialiter autem nunc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	436 loquimur de sacramentis secundum quod important habitudinem signi.
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	437 Et secundum hoc sacramentum ponitur in genere signi.</p><p title="III q. 60 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="49545"><span class="ref">[49545] IIIª q. 60 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	438 dicendum quod, quia medicina se habet ut causa effectiva sanitatis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	439 inde est quod omnia denominata a medicina dicuntur per ordinem ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	440 unum primum agens, et per hoc, medicamentum importat causalitatem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	441 quandam. Sed sanctitas, a qua denominatur sacramentum, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	442 significatur per modum causae efficientis, sed magis per modum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	443 causae formalis vel finalis. Et ideo non oportet quod sacramentum
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	444 semper importet causalitatem.</p><p title="III q. 60 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="49546"><span class="ref">[49546] IIIª q. 60 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	445 dicendum quod ratio illa procedit secundum quod sacramentum idem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	446 est quod sacrum secretum. Dicitur autem non solum Dei secretum, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	447 etiam regis, esse sacrum et sacramentum. Quia secundum antiquos
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	448 sancta vel sacrosancta dicebantur quaecumque violari non licebat,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	449 sicut etiam muri civitatis, et personae in dignitatibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	450 constitutae. Et ideo illa secreta, sive divina sive humana, quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	451 non licet violari quibuslibet publicando, dicuntur sacra vel
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	452 sacramenta.</p><p title="III q. 60 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="49547"><span class="ref">[49547] IIIª q. 60 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	453 dicendum quod etiam iuramentum habet quandam habitudinem ad res
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	454 sacras, inquantum scilicet est quaedam contestatio facta per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	455 aliquod sacrum. Et secundum hoc dicitur esse sacramentum, non eadem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	456 ratione qua nunc loquimur de sacramentis; non tamen aequivoce
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	457 sumpto nomine sacramenti, sed analogice, scilicet secundum diversam
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	458 habitudinem ad aliquid unum, quod est res sacra.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 2</h3><p title="III q. 60 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="49548"><span class="ref">[49548] IIIª q. 60 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad secundum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	459 sic proceditur. Videtur quod non omne signum rei sacrae sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	460 sacramentum. Omnes enim creaturae sensibiles sunt signa rerum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	461 sacrarum, secundum illud Rom. I, <i>invisibilia Dei per ea quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	462 facta sunt intellecta conspiciuntur</i>. Nec tamen omnes res
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	463 sensibiles possunt dici sacramenta. Non ergo omne signum rei sacrae
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	464 est sacramentum.</p><p title="III q. 60 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="49549"><span class="ref">[49549] IIIª q. 60 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	465 omnia quae in veteri lege fiebant, Christum figurabant, qui est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	466 sanctus sanctorum, secundum illud I Cor. X, <i>omnia in figura
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	467 contingebant illis</i>, et Coloss. II, <i>quae sunt umbra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	468 futurorum, corpus autem Christi</i>. Nec tamen omnia gesta patrum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	469 veteris testamenti, vel etiam omnes caeremoniae legis, sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	470 sacramenta, sed quaedam specialiter, sicut in secunda parte habitum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	471 est. Ergo videtur quod non omne signum sacrae rei sit
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	472 sacramentum.</p><p title="III q. 60 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="49550"><span class="ref">[49550] IIIª q. 60 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	473 etiam in novo testamento multa geruntur in signum alicuius rei
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	474 sacrae, quae tamen non dicuntur sacramenta, sicut aspersio aquae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	475 benedictae, consecratio altaris, et consimilia. Non ergo omne
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	476 signum rei sacrae est sacramentum.</p><p title="III q. 60 a. 2 s. c."><a name="49551"><span class="ref">[49551] IIIª q. 60 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	477 quod definitio convertitur cum definito. Sed quidam definiunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	478 sacramentum per hoc quod est sacrae rei signum, et hoc etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	479 videtur ex auctoritate Augustini supra inducta. Ergo videtur quod
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	480 omne signum rei sacrae sit sacramentum.</p><p title="III q. 60 a. 2 co."><a name="49552"><span class="ref">[49552] IIIª q. 60 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	481 dicendum quod signa dantur hominibus, quorum est per nota ad ignota
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	482 pervenire. Et ideo proprie dicitur sacramentum quod est signum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	483 alicuius rei sacrae ad homines pertinentis, ut scilicet proprie
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	484 dicatur sacramentum, secundum quod nunc de sacramentis loquimur,
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	485 quod est signum rei sacrae inquantum est sanctificans homines.</p><p title="III q. 60 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="49553"><span class="ref">[49553] IIIª q. 60 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	486 dicendum quod creaturae sensibiles significant aliquid sacrum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	487 scilicet sapientiam et bonitatem divinam, inquantum sunt in seipsis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	488 sacra, non autem inquantum nos per ea sanctificamur. Et ideo non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	489 possunt dici sacramenta secundum quod nunc loquimur de
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	490 sacramentis.</p><p title="III q. 60 a. 2 ad 2"><a name="49554"><span class="ref">[49554] IIIª q. 60 a. 2 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	491 dicendum quod quaedam ad vetus testamentum pertinentia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	492 significabant sanctitatem Christi secundum quod in se sanctus est.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	493 Quaedam vero significabant sanctitatem eius inquantum per eam nos
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	494 sanctificamur, sicut immolatio agni paschalis significabat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	495 immolationem Christi, qua sanctificati sumus. Et talia dicuntur
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	496 proprie veteris legis sacramenta.</p><p title="III q. 60 a. 2 ad 3"><a name="49555"><span class="ref">[49555] IIIª q. 60 a. 2 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	497 dicendum quod res denominantur a fine et complemento. Dispositio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	498 autem non est finis, sed perfectio. Et ideo ea quae significant
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	499 dispositionem ad sanctitatem, non dicuntur sacramenta, de quibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	500 procedit obiectio; sed solum ea quae significant perfectionem
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	501 sanctitatis humanae.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 3</h3><p title="III q. 60 a. 3 arg. 1"><a name="49556"><span class="ref">[49556] IIIª q. 60 a. 3 arg. 1</span></a> Ad tertium sic
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	502 proceditur. Videtur quod sacramentum non sit signum nisi unius rei.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	503 Id enim quo multa significantur, est signum ambiguum, et per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	504 consequens fallendi occasio, sicut patet de nominibus aequivocis.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	505 Sed omnis fallacia debet removeri a Christiana religione, secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	506 illud Coloss. II, <i>videte ne quis vos seducat per philosophiam et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	507 inanem fallaciam</i>. Ergo videtur quod sacramentum non sit signum
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	508 plurium rerum.</p><p title="III q. 60 a. 3 arg. 2"><a name="49557"><span class="ref">[49557] IIIª q. 60 a. 3 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	509 sicut dictum est, sacramentum significat rem sacram inquantum est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	510 humanae sanctificationis causa. Sed una sola est causa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	511 sanctificationis humanae, scilicet sanguis Christi, secundum illud
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	512 Heb. ult., <i>Iesus, ut sanctificaret per suum sanguinem populum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	513 extra portam passus est</i>. Ergo videtur quod sacramentum non
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	514 significet plura.</p><p title="III q. 60 a. 3 arg. 3"><a name="49558"><span class="ref">[49558] IIIª q. 60 a. 3 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	515 dictum est quod sacramentum proprie significat ipsum finem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	516 sanctificationis. Sed finis sanctificationis est vita aeterna,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	517 secundum illud Rom. VI, <i>habetis fructum vestrum in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	518 sanctificatione, finem vero vitam aeternam</i>. Ergo videtur quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	519 sacramenta non significent nisi unam rem, scilicet vitam
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	520 aeternam.</p><p title="III q. 60 a. 3 s. c."><a name="49559"><span class="ref">[49559] IIIª q. 60 a. 3 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	521 quod in sacramento altaris est duplex res significata, scilicet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	522 corpus Christi verum et mysticum, ut Augustinus dicit, in libro
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	523 sententiarum prosperi.</p><p title="III q. 60 a. 3 co."><a name="49560"><span class="ref">[49560] IIIª q. 60 a. 3 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	524 dicendum quod, sicut dictum est, sacramentum proprie dicitur quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	525 ordinatur ad significandam nostram sanctificationem. In qua tria
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	526 possunt considerari, videlicet ipsa causa sanctificationis nostrae,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	527 quae est passio Christi; et forma nostrae sanctificationis, quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	528 consistit in gratia et virtutibus; et ultimus finis nostrae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	529 sanctificationis, qui est vita aeterna. Et haec omnia per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	530 sacramenta significantur. Unde sacramentum est et signum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	531 rememorativum eius quod praecessit, scilicet passionis Christi; et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	532 demonstrativum eius quod in nobis efficitur per Christi passionem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	533 scilicet gratiae; et prognosticum, idest praenuntiativum, futurae
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	534 gloriae.</p><p title="III q. 60 a. 3 ad 1"><a name="49561"><span class="ref">[49561] IIIª q. 60 a. 3 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	535 dicendum quod tunc est signum ambiguum, praebens occasionem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	536 fallendi, quando significat multa quorum unum non ordinatur ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	537 aliud. Sed quando significat multa secundum quod ex eis quodam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	538 ordine efficitur unum, tunc non est signum ambiguum, sed certum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	539 sicut hoc nomen homo significat animam et corpus prout ex eis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	540 constituitur humana natura. Et hoc modo sacramentum significat tria
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	541 praedicta secundum quod quodam ordine sunt unum.</p><p title="III q. 60 a. 3 ad 2"><a name="49562"><span class="ref">[49562] IIIª q. 60 a. 3 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	542 dicendum quod sacramentum, in hoc quod significat rem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	543 sanctificantem, oportet quod significet effectum, qui intelligitur
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	544 in ipsa causa sanctificante prout est causa sanctificans.</p><p title="III q. 60 a. 3 ad 3"><a name="49563"><span class="ref">[49563] IIIª q. 60 a. 3 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	545 dicendum quod sufficit ad rationem sacramenti quod significet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	546 perfectionem quae est forma, nec oportet quod solum significet
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	547 perfectionem quae est finis.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 4</h3><p title="III q. 60 a. 4 arg. 1"><a name="49564"><span class="ref">[49564] IIIª q. 60 a. 4 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quartum sic
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	548 proceditur. Videtur quod sacramentum non semper sit aliqua res
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	549 sensibilis. Quia secundum philosophum, in libro priorum, omnis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	550 effectus suae causae signum est. Sed sicut sunt quidam effectus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	551 sensibiles, ita etiam sunt quidam effectus intelligibiles, sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	552 scientia est effectus demonstrationis. Ergo non omne signum est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	553 sensibile. Sufficit autem ad rationem sacramenti quod sit signum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	554 alicuius rei sacrae inquantum homo per eam sanctificatur, ut supra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	555 dictum est. Non ergo requiritur ad sacramentum quod sit aliqua res
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	556 sensibilis.</p><p title="III q. 60 a. 4 arg. 2"><a name="49565"><span class="ref">[49565] IIIª q. 60 a. 4 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	557 sacramenta pertinent ad regnum Dei et cultum Dei. Sed res
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	558 sensibiles non videntur pertinere ad cultum Dei, dicitur enim Ioan.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	559 IV, <i>spiritus est Deus, et eos qui adorant eum, in spiritu et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	560 veritate adorare oportet</i>; et Rom. XIV, <i>non est regnum Dei
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	561 esca et potus</i>. Ergo res sensibiles non requiruntur ad
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	562 sacramenta.</p><p title="III q. 60 a. 4 arg. 3"><a name="49566"><span class="ref">[49566] IIIª q. 60 a. 4 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	563 Augustinus dicit, in libro de Lib. Arbit., quod <i>res sensibiles
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	564 sunt minima bona, sine quibus homo recte vivere potest</i>. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	565 sacramenta sunt de necessitate salutis humanae, ut infra patebit,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	566 et ita sine eis homo recte vivere non potest. Non ergo res
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	567 sensibiles requiruntur ad sacramenta.</p><p title="III q. 60 a. 4 s. c."><a name="49567"><span class="ref">[49567] IIIª q. 60 a. 4 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	568 quod Augustinus dicit, super Ioan., <i>accedit verbum ad elementum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	569 et fit sacramentum</i>. Et loquitur ibi de elemento sensibili, quod
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	570 est aqua. Ergo res sensibiles requiruntur ad sacramenta.</p><p title="III q. 60 a. 4 co."><a name="49568"><span class="ref">[49568] IIIª q. 60 a. 4 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	571 dicendum quod divina sapientia unicuique rei providet secundum suum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	572 modum, et propter hoc dicitur, Sap. VIII, quod <i>suaviter disponit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	573 omnia</i>. Unde et Matth. XXV dicitur quod <i>dividit unicuique
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	574 secundum propriam virtutem</i>. Est autem homini connaturale ut per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	575 sensibilia perveniat in cognitionem intelligibilium. Signum autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	576 est per quod aliquis devenit in cognitionem alterius. Unde, cum res
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	577 sacrae quae per sacramenta significantur, sint quaedam spiritualia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	578 et intelligibilia bona quibus homo sanctificatur, consequens est ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	579 per aliquas res sensibiles significatio sacramenti impleatur, sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	580 etiam per similitudinem sensibilium rerum in divina Scriptura res
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	581 spirituales nobis describuntur. Et inde est quod ad sacramenta
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	582 requiruntur res sensibiles, ut etiam Dionysius probat, in I cap.
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	583 caelestis hierarchiae.</p><p title="III q. 60 a. 4 ad 1"><a name="49569"><span class="ref">[49569] IIIª q. 60 a. 4 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	584 dicendum quod unumquodque praecipue denominatur et definitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	585 secundum illud quod convenit ei primo et per se, non autem per id
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	586 quod convenit ei per aliud. Effectus autem sensibilis per se habet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	587 quod ducat in cognitionem alterius, quasi primo et per se homini
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	588 innotescens, quia omnis nostra cognitio a sensu initium habet.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	589 Effectus autem intelligibiles non habent quod possint ducere in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	590 cognitionem alterius nisi inquantum sunt per aliud manifestati,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	591 idest per aliqua sensibilia. Et inde est quod primo et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	592 principaliter dicuntur signa quae sensibus offeruntur, sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	593 Augustinus dicit, in II de Doct. Christ., quod <i>signum est quod,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	594 praeter speciem quam ingerit sensibus, facit aliquid aliud in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	595 cognitionem venire</i>. Effectus autem intelligibiles non habent
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	596 rationem signi nisi secundum quod sunt manifestati per aliqua
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	597 signa. Et per hunc etiam modum quaedam quae non sunt sensibilia,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	598 dicuntur quodammodo sacramenta, inquantum sunt significata per
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	599 aliqua sensibilia, de quibus infra agetur.</p><p title="III q. 60 a. 4 ad 2"><a name="49570"><span class="ref">[49570] IIIª q. 60 a. 4 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	600 dicendum, quod res sensibiles, prout in sua natura considerantur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	601 non pertinent ad cultum vel regnum Dei, sed solum secundum quod
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	602 sunt signa spiritualium rerum, in quibus regnum Dei consistit.</p><p title="III q. 60 a. 4 ad 3"><a name="49571"><span class="ref">[49571] IIIª q. 60 a. 4 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	603 dicendum quod Augustinus ibi loquitur de rebus sensibilibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	604 secundum quod in sua natura considerantur, non autem secundum quod
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	605 assumuntur ad significandum spiritualia, quae sunt maxima bona.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 5</h3><p title="III q. 60 a. 5 arg. 1"><a name="49572"><span class="ref">[49572] IIIª q. 60 a. 5 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quintum sic
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	606 proceditur. Videtur quod non requirantur determinatae res ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	607 sacramenta. Res enim sensibiles requiruntur in sacramentis ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	608 significandum, ut dictum est. Sed nihil prohibet diversis rebus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	609 sensibilibus idem significari, sicut in sacra Scriptura Deus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	610 aliquando metaphorice significatur per lapidem, quandoque per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	611 leonem, quandoque per solem, aut aliquid huiusmodi. Ergo videtur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	612 quod diversae res possint congruere eidem sacramento. Non ergo
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	613 determinatae res in sacramentis requiruntur.</p><p title="III q. 60 a. 5 arg. 2"><a name="49573"><span class="ref">[49573] IIIª q. 60 a. 5 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	614 magis necessaria est salus animae quam salus corporis. Sed in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	615 medicinis corporalibus, quae ad salutem corporis ordinantur, potest
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	616 una res pro alia poni in eius defectu. Ergo multo magis in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	617 sacramentis, quae sunt medicinae spirituales ad salutem animae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	618 ordinatae, poterit una res assumi pro alia quando illa
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	619 defuerit.</p><p title="III q. 60 a. 5 arg. 3"><a name="49574"><span class="ref">[49574] IIIª q. 60 a. 5 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea, non
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	620 est conveniens ut hominum salus arctetur per legem divinam, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	621 praecipue per legem Christi, qui venit omnes salvare. Sed in statu
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	622 legis naturae non requirebantur in sacramentis aliquae res
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	623 determinatae, sed ex voto assumebantur, ut patet Gen. XXVIII, ubi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	624 se Iacob vovit Deo decimas et hostias pacificas oblaturum. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	625 videtur quod non debuit arctari homo, et praecipue in nova lege, ad
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	626 alicuius rei determinatae usum in sacramentis.</p><p title="III q. 60 a. 5 s. c."><a name="49575"><span class="ref">[49575] IIIª q. 60 a. 5 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	627 quod dominus dicit, Ioan. III, <i>nisi quis renatus fuerit ex aqua
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	628 et spiritu sancto, non potest introire in regnum Dei</i>.</p><p title="III q. 60 a. 5 co."><a name="49576"><span class="ref">[49576] IIIª q. 60 a. 5 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	629 dicendum quod in usu sacramentorum duo possunt considerari,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	630 scilicet cultus divinus, et sanctificatio hominis, quorum primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	631 pertinet ad hominem per comparationem ad Deum, secundum autem e
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	632 converso pertinet ad Deum per comparationem ad hominem. Non autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	633 pertinet ad aliquem determinare quod est in potestate alterius, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	634 solum illud quod est in sua potestate. Quia igitur sanctificatio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	635 hominis est in potestate Dei sanctificantis, non pertinet ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	636 hominem suo iudicio assumere res quibus sanctificetur, sed hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	637 debet esse ex divina institutione determinatum. Et ideo in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	638 sacramentis novae legis, quibus homines sanctificantur, secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	639 illud I Cor. VI, <i>abluti estis, sanctificati estis</i>, oportet
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	640 uti rebus ex divina institutione determinatis.</p><p title="III q. 60 a. 5 ad 1"><a name="49577"><span class="ref">[49577] IIIª q. 60 a. 5 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	641 dicendum quod, si idem possit per diversa signa significari,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	642 determinare tamen quo signo sit utendum ad significandum, pertinet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	643 ad significantem. Deus autem est qui nobis significat spiritualia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	644 per res sensibiles in sacramentis, et per verba similitudinaria in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	645 Scripturis. Et ideo, sicut iudicio spiritus sancti determinatum est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	646 quibus similitudinibus in certis Scripturae locis res spirituales
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	647 significentur, ita etiam debet esse divina institutione
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	648 determinatum quae res ad significandum assumantur in hoc vel in
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	649 illo sacramento.</p><p title="III q. 60 a. 5 ad 2"><a name="49578"><span class="ref">[49578] IIIª q. 60 a. 5 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	650 dicendum quod res sensibiles habent naturaliter sibi inditas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	651 virtutes conferentes ad corporalem salutem, et ideo non refert, si
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	652 duae earum eandem virtutem habeant, qua quis utatur. Sed ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	653 sanctificationem non ordinantur ex aliqua virtute naturaliter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	654 indita, sed solum ex institutione divina. Et ideo oportuit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	655 divinitus determinari quibus rebus sensibilibus sit in sacramentis
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	656 utendum.</p><p title="III q. 60 a. 5 ad 3"><a name="49579"><span class="ref">[49579] IIIª q. 60 a. 5 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	657 dicendum quod, sicut Augustinus dicit, XIX contra Faust., diversa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	658 sacramenta diversis temporibus congruunt, sicut etiam diversis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	659 verbis significantur diversa tempora, scilicet praesens,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	660 praeteritum et futurum. Et ideo, sicut in statu legis naturae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	661 homines, nulla lege exterius data, solo interiori instinctu
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	662 movebantur ad Deum colendum, ita etiam ex interiori instinctu
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	663 determinabatur eis quibus rebus sensibilibus ad Dei cultum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	664 uterentur. Postmodum vero necesse fuit etiam exterius legem dari,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	665 tum propter obscurationem legis naturae ex peccatis hominum; tum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	666 etiam ad expressiorem significationem gratiae Christi, per quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	667 humanum genus sanctificatur. Et ideo etiam necesse fuit res
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	668 determinari quibus homines uterentur in sacramentis. Nec propter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	669 hoc arctatur via salutis, quia res quarum usus est necessarius in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	670 sacramentis, vel communiter habentur, vel parvo studio adhibito
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	671 haberi possunt.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 6</h3><p title="III q. 60 a. 6 arg. 1"><a name="49580"><span class="ref">[49580] IIIª q. 60 a. 6 arg. 1</span></a> Ad sextum sic
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	672 proceditur. Videtur quod in significatione sacramentorum non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	673 requirantur verba. Dicit enim Augustinus, contra Faustum, libro
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	674 XIX, <i>quid sunt aliud quaeque corporalia sacramenta nisi quasi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	675 quaedam verba visibilia?</i> Et sic videtur quod addere verba rebus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	676 sensibilibus in sacramentis sit addere verba verbis. Sed hoc est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	677 superfluum. Non ergo requiruntur verba cum rebus sensibilibus in
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	678 sacramentis.</p><p title="III q. 60 a. 6 arg. 2"><a name="49581"><span class="ref">[49581] IIIª q. 60 a. 6 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	679 sacramentum est aliquid unum. Ex his autem quae sunt diversorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	680 generum, non videtur posse aliquid unum fieri. Cum igitur res
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	681 sensibiles et verba sint diversorum generum, quia res sensibiles
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	682 sunt a natura, verba autem a ratione; videtur quod in sacramentis
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	683 non requirantur verba cum rebus sensibilibus.</p><p title="III q. 60 a. 6 arg. 3"><a name="49582"><span class="ref">[49582] IIIª q. 60 a. 6 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	684 sacramenta novae legis succedunt sacramentis veteris legis, quia,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	685 illis ablatis, ista sunt instituta, ut Augustinus dicit, XIX contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	686 Faustum. Sed in sacramentis veteris legis non requirebatur aliqua
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	687 forma verborum. Ergo nec in sacramentis novae legis.</p><p title="III q. 60 a. 6 s. c."><a name="49583"><span class="ref">[49583] IIIª q. 60 a. 6 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	688 quod apostolus dicit, Ephes. V, <i>Christus dilexit Ecclesiam, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	689 tradidit semetipsum pro ea, ut illam sanctificaret, mundans eam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	690 lavacro aquae in verbo vitae</i>. Et Augustinus dicit, super Ioan.,
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	691 <i>accedit verbum ad elementum, et fit sacramentum</i>.</p><p title="III q. 60 a. 6 co."><a name="49584"><span class="ref">[49584] IIIª q. 60 a. 6 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	692 dicendum quod sacramenta, sicut dictum est, adhibentur ad hominum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	693 sanctificationem sicut quaedam signa. Tripliciter ergo considerari
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	694 possunt, et quolibet modo congruit eis quod verba rebus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	695 sensibilibus adiungantur. Primo enim possunt considerari ex parte
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	696 causae sanctificantis, quae est verbum incarnatum, cui sacramentum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	697 quodammodo conformatur in hoc quod rei sensibili verbum adhibetur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	698 sicut in mysterio incarnationis carni sensibili est verbum Dei
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	699 unitum. Secundo possunt considerari sacramenta ex parte hominis qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	700 sanctificatur, qui componitur ex anima et corpore, cui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	701 proportionatur sacramentalis medicina, quae per rem visibilem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	702 corpus tangit, et per verbum ab anima creditur. Unde Augustinus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	703 dicit, super illud Ioan. XV, <i>iam vos mundi estis propter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	704 sermonem etc., unde ista est tanta virtus aquae ut corpus tangat et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	705 cor abluat, nisi faciente verbo, non quia dicitur, sed quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	706 creditur?</i> Tertio potest considerari ex parte ipsius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	707 significationis sacramentalis. Dicit autem Augustinus, in II de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	708 Doct. Christ., quod <i>verba inter homines obtinuerunt principatum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	709 significandi</i>, quia verba diversimode formari possunt ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	710 significandos diversos conceptus mentis, et propter hoc per verba
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	711 magis distincte possumus exprimere quod mente concipimus. Et ideo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	712 ad perfectionem significationis sacramentalis necesse fuit ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	713 significatio rerum sensibilium per aliqua verba determinaretur.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	714 Aqua enim significare potest et ablutionem propter, suam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	715 humiditatem, et refrigerium propter suam frigiditatem, sed cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	716 dicitur, ego te baptizo, manifestatur quod aqua utimur in Baptismo
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	717 ad significandam emundationem spiritualem.</p><p title="III q. 60 a. 6 ad 1"><a name="49585"><span class="ref">[49585] IIIª q. 60 a. 6 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	718 dicendum quod res visibiles sacramentorum dicuntur verba per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	719 similitudinem quandam, inquantum scilicet participant quandam vim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	720 significandi, quae principaliter est in ipsis verbis, ut dictum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	721 est. Et ideo non est superflua ingeminatio verborum cum in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	722 sacramentis rebus visibilibus verba adduntur, quia unum eorum
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	723 determinatur per aliud, ut dictum est.</p><p title="III q. 60 a. 6 ad 2"><a name="49586"><span class="ref">[49586] IIIª q. 60 a. 6 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	724 dicendum quod, quamvis verba et aliae res sensibiles sint in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	725 diverso genere quantum pertinet ad naturam rei, conveniunt tamen
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	726 ratione significandi. Quae perfectius est in verbis quam in aliis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	727 rebus. Et ideo ex verbis et rebus fit quodammodo unum in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	728 sacramentis sicut ex forma et materia, inquantum scilicet per verba
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	729 perficitur significatio rerum, ut dictum est. Sub rebus autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	730 comprehenduntur etiam ipsi actus sensibiles, puta ablutio et unctio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	731 et alia huiusmodi, quia in his est eadem ratio significandi et in
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	732 rebus.</p><p title="III q. 60 a. 6 ad 3"><a name="49587"><span class="ref">[49587] IIIª q. 60 a. 6 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	733 dicendum quod, sicut Augustinus dicit, contra Faustum, alia debent
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	734 esse sacramenta rei praesentis, et alia rei futurae. Sacramenta
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	735 autem veteris legis praenuntia erant Christi venturi. Et ideo non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	736 ita expresse significabant Christum sicut sacramenta novae legis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	737 quae ab ipso Christo effluunt, et quandam similitudinem ipsius in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	738 se habent, ut dictum est. Utebantur tamen in veteri lege aliquibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	739 verbis in his quae ad cultum Dei pertinent, tam sacerdotes, qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	740 erant sacramentorum illorum ministri, secundum illud Num. VI,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	741 <i>sic benedicetis filiis Israel, et dicetis eis, benedicat tibi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	742 dominus</i>, etc.; quam etiam illi qui illis sacramentis utebantur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	743 secundum illud Deut. XXVI, <i>profiteor hodie coram domino Deo
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	744 tuo,</i> et cetera.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 7</h3><p title="III q. 60 a. 7 arg. 1"><a name="49588"><span class="ref">[49588] IIIª q. 60 a. 7 arg. 1</span></a> Ad septimum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	745 sic proceditur. Videtur quod non requirantur determinata verba in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	746 sacramentis. Ut enim philosophus dicit, <i>voces non sunt eaedem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	747 apud omnes</i>. Sed salus, quae per sacramentum quaeritur, est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	748 eadem apud omnes. Ergo non requiruntur aliqua determinata verba in
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	749 sacramentis.</p><p title="III q. 60 a. 7 arg. 2"><a name="49589"><span class="ref">[49589] IIIª q. 60 a. 7 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	750 verba requiruntur in sacramentis inquantum sunt principaliter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	751 significativa, sicut supra dictum est. Sed contingit per diversa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	752 verba idem significari. Ergo non requiruntur determinata verba in
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	753 sacramentis.</p><p title="III q. 60 a. 7 arg. 3"><a name="49590"><span class="ref">[49590] IIIª q. 60 a. 7 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	754 corruptio cuiuslibet rei variat eius speciem. Sed quidam corrupte
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	755 verba proferunt, nec tamen propter hoc impediri creditur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	756 sacramentorum effectus, alioquin illiterati et balbi qui sacramenta
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	757 conferunt, frequenter defectum in sacramentis inducerent. Ergo
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	758 videtur quod non requirantur in sacramentis determinata verba.</p><p title="III q. 60 a. 7 s. c."><a name="49591"><span class="ref">[49591] IIIª q. 60 a. 7 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	759 quod dominus determinata verba protulit in consecratione sacramenti
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	760 Eucharistiae, dicens, Matth. XXVI, <i>hoc est corpus meum</i>.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	761 Similiter etiam mandavit discipulis ut sub determinata forma
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	762 verborum baptizarent, dicens, Matth. ult., <i>euntes, docete omnes
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	763 gentes, baptizantes eos in nomine patris et filii et spiritus
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	764 sancti</i>.</p><p title="III q. 60 a. 7 co."><a name="49592"><span class="ref">[49592] IIIª q. 60 a. 7 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	765 dicendum quod, sicut dictum est, in sacramentis verba se habent per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	766 modum formae, res autem sensibiles per modum materiae. In omnibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	767 autem compositis ex materia et forma principium determinationis est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	768 ex parte formae, quae est quodammodo finis et terminus materiae. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	769 ideo principalius requiritur ad esse rei determinata forma quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	770 determinata materia, materia enim determinata quaeritur ut sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	771 proportionata determinatae formae. Cum igitur in sacramentis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	772 requirantur determinatae res sensibiles, quae se habent in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	773 sacramentis sicut materia, multo magis requiritur in eis
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	774 determinata forma verborum.</p><p title="III q. 60 a. 7 ad 1"><a name="49593"><span class="ref">[49593] IIIª q. 60 a. 7 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	775 dicendum quod, sicut Augustinus dicit, super Ioan., verbum operatur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	776 in sacramentis, non quia dicitur, idest, non secundum exteriorem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	777 sonum vocis, sed quia creditur, secundum sensum verborum qui fide
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	778 tenetur. Et hic quidem sensus est idem apud omnes, licet non eaedem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	779 voces quantum ad sonum. Et ideo, cuiuscumque linguae verbis
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	780 proferatur talis sensus, perficitur sacramentum.</p><p title="III q. 60 a. 7 ad 2"><a name="49594"><span class="ref">[49594] IIIª q. 60 a. 7 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	781 dicendum quod, licet in qualibet lingua contingat diversis vocibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	782 idem significari, semper tamen aliqua illarum vocum est qua
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	783 principalius et communius homines illius linguae utuntur ad hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	784 significandum. Et talis vox assumi debet in significatione
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	785 sacramenti. Sicut etiam inter res sensibiles illa assumitur ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	786 significationem sacramenti cuius usus est communior ad actum per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	787 quem sacramenti effectus significatur, sicut aqua communius utuntur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	788 homines ad ablutionem corporalem, per quam spiritualis ablutio
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	789 significatur; et ideo aqua assumitur ut materia in Baptismo.</p><p title="III q. 60 a. 7 ad 3"><a name="49595"><span class="ref">[49595] IIIª q. 60 a. 7 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	790 dicendum quod ille qui corrupte profert verba sacramentalia, si hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	791 ex industria facit, non videtur intendere facere quod facit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	792 Ecclesia, et ita non videtur perfici sacramentum. Si autem hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	793 faciat ex errore vel lapsu linguae, si sit tanta corruptio quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	794 omnino auferat sensum locutionis, non videtur perfici sacramentum.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	795 Et hoc praecipue contingit quando fit corruptio ex parte principii
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	796 dictionis, puta si, loco eius quod est in nomine patris, dicat, in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	797 nomine matris. Si vero non totaliter auferatur sensus locutionis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	798 per huiusmodi corruptelam, nihilominus perficitur sacramentum. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	799 hoc praecipue contingit quando fit corruptio ex parte finis, puta
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	800 si aliquis dicat patrias et filias. Quamvis enim huiusmodi verba
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	801 corrupte prolata nihil significent ex virtute impositionis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	802 accipiuntur tamen ut significantia ex accommodatione usus. Et ideo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	803 licet mutetur sonus sensibilis, remanet tamen idem sensus. Quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	804 autem dictum est de differentia corruptionis circa principium vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	805 finem dictionis, rationem habet quia apud nos variatio dictionis ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	806 parte principii mutat significationem, variatio autem ex fine
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	807 dictionis ut plurimum non mutat significationem. Quae tamen apud
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	808 Graecos variatur etiam secundum principium dictionis in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	809 declinatione verborum. Magis tamen videtur attendenda quantitas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	810 corruptionis ex parte dictionis. Quia ex utraque parte potest esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	811 tam parva quod non aufert sensum verborum, et tam magna, quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	812 aufert. Sed unum horum facilius accidit ex parte principii, aliud
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	813 ex parte finis.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 8</h3><p title="III q. 60 a. 8 arg. 1"><a name="49596"><span class="ref">[49596] IIIª q. 60 a. 8 arg. 1</span></a> Ad octavum sic
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	814 proceditur. Videtur quod nihil liceat addere verbis in quibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	815 consistit forma sacramentorum. Non enim minoris sunt necessitatis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	816 huiusmodi verba sacramentalia quam verba sacrae Scripturae. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	817 verbis sacrae Scripturae nihil licet addere vel minuere, dicitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	818 enim Deut. IV, <i>non addetis ad verbum quod vobis loquor, nec
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	819 auferetis ab eo</i>; et Apoc. ult., <i>contestor omni audienti
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	820 verba prophetiae libri huius, si quis apposuerit ad haec, apponet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	821 super eum Deus plagas scriptas in libro isto; et si quis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	822 diminuerit, auferet Deus partem eius de libro vitae</i>. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	823 videtur quod neque in formis sacramentorum liceat aliquid addere
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	824 vel minuere.</p><p title="III q. 60 a. 8 arg. 2"><a name="49597"><span class="ref">[49597] IIIª q. 60 a. 8 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	825 verba se habent in sacramentis per modum formae, ut dictum est. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	826 in formis quaelibet additio vel subtractio variat speciem, sicut et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	827 in numeris, ut dicitur in VIII Metaphys. Ergo videtur quod, si
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	828 aliquid addatur vel subtrahatur a forma sacramenti, non erit idem
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	829 sacramentum.</p><p title="III q. 60 a. 8 arg. 3"><a name="49598"><span class="ref">[49598] IIIª q. 60 a. 8 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	830 sicut ad formam sacramenti determinatus numerus dictionum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	831 requiritur, ita etiam requiritur determinatus ordo verborum, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	832 etiam orationis continuitas. Si ergo additio vel subtractio non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	833 aufert sacramenti veritatem, videtur quod pari ratione nec
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	834 transpositio verborum, aut etiam interpolatio pronuntiationis.</p><p title="III q. 60 a. 8 s. c."><a name="49599"><span class="ref">[49599] IIIª q. 60 a. 8 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	835 quod in formis sacramentorum quaedam apponuntur a quibusdam quae ab
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	836 aliis non ponuntur, sicut Latini baptizant sub hac forma, ego te
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	837 baptizo in nomine patris et filii et spiritus sancti; Graeci autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	838 sub ista, baptizatur servus Christi n. in nomine patris, et cetera.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	839 Et tamen utrique verum conferunt sacramentum. Ergo in formis
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	840 sacramentorum licet aliquid addere vel minuere.</p><p title="III q. 60 a. 8 co."><a name="49600"><span class="ref">[49600] IIIª q. 60 a. 8 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	841 dicendum quod circa omnes istas mutationes quae possunt in formis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	842 sacramentorum contingere, duo videntur esse consideranda. Unum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	843 quidem ex parte eius qui profert verba, cuius intentio requiritur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	844 ad sacramentum, ut infra dicetur. Et ideo, si intendat per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	845 huiusmodi additionem vel diminutionem alium ritum inducere qui non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	846 sit ab Ecclesia receptus, non videtur perfici sacramentum, quia non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	847 videtur quod intendat facere id quod facit Ecclesia. Aliud autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	848 est considerandum ex parte significationis verborum. Cum enim verba
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	849 operentur in sacramentis quantum ad sensum quem faciunt, ut supra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	850 dictum est, oportet considerare utrum per talem mutationem tollatur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	851 debitus sensus verborum, quia sic manifestum est quod tollitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	852 veritas sacramenti. Manifestum est autem quod, si diminuatur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	853 aliquid eorum quae sunt de substantia formae sacramentalis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	854 tollitur debitus sensus verborum, et ideo non perficitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	855 sacramentum. Unde Didymus dicit, in libro de spiritu sancto, <i>si
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	856 quis ita baptizare conetur ut unum de praedictis nominibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	857 praetermittat</i>, scilicet patris et filii et spiritus sancti,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	858 <i>sine perfectione baptizabit</i>. Si autem subtrahatur aliquid
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	859 quod non sit de substantia formae, talis diminutio non tollit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	860 debitum sensum verborum, et per consequens nec sacramenti
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	861 perfectionem. Sicut in forma Eucharistiae, quae est, hoc est enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	862 corpus meum, ly enim sublatum non tollit debitum sensum verborum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	863 et ideo non impedit perfectionem sacramenti, quamvis possit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	864 contingere quod ille qui praetermittit, peccet ex negligentia vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	865 contemptu. Circa additionem etiam contingit aliquid apponi quod est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	866 corruptivum debiti sensus, puta si aliquis dicat, <i>ego te baptizo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	867 in nomine patris maioris et filii minoris</i>, sicut Ariani
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	868 baptizabant. Et ideo talis additio tollit veritatem sacramenti. Si
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	869 vero sit talis additio quae non auferat debitum sensum, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	870 tollitur sacramenti veritas. Nec refert utrum talis additio fiat in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	871 principio, medio vel fine. Ut, si aliquis dicat, ego te baptizo in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	872 nomine Dei patris omnipotentis, et filii eius unigeniti, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	873 spiritus sancti Paracleti, erit verum Baptisma. Et similiter, si
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	874 quis dicat, ego te baptizo in nomine patris et filii et spiritus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	875 sancti, et beata virgo te adiuvet, erit verum Baptisma. Forte autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	876 si diceret, ego te baptizo in nomine patris et filii et spiritus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	877 sancti et beatae virginis Mariae, non esset Baptismus, quia dicitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	878 I Cor. I, <i>nunquid Paulus pro vobis crucifixus est? Aut in nomine
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	879 Pauli baptizati estis?</i> Sed hoc verum est si sic intelligatur in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	880 nomine beatae virginis baptizari sicut in nomine Trinitatis, quo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	881 Baptismus consecratur, talis enim sensus esset contrarius verae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	882 fidei, et per consequens tolleret veritatem sacramenti. Si vero sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	883 intelligatur quod additur, et in nomine beatae virginis, non quasi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	884 nomen beatae virginis aliquid operetur in Baptismo, sed ut eius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	885 intercessio prosit baptizato ad conservandam gratiam baptismalem,
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	886 non tollitur perfectio sacramenti.</p><p title="III q. 60 a. 8 ad 1"><a name="49601"><span class="ref">[49601] IIIª q. 60 a. 8 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	887 dicendum quod verbis sacrae Scripturae non licet aliquid apponere
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	888 quantum ad sensum, sed quantum ad expositionem sacrae Scripturae,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	889 multa verba eis a doctoribus apponuntur. Non tamen licet etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	890 verba sacrae Scripturae apponere ita quod dicantur esse de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	891 integritate sacrae Scripturae, quia hoc esset vitium falsitatis. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	892 similiter si quis diceret aliquid esse de necessitate formae quod
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	893 non est.</p><p title="III q. 60 a. 8 ad 2"><a name="49602"><span class="ref">[49602] IIIª q. 60 a. 8 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	894 dicendum quod verba pertinent ad formam sacramenti ratione sensus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	895 significati. Et ideo, quaecumque fiat additio vel subtractio vocum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	896 quae non addat aliquid aut subtrahat debito sensui, non tollitur
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	897 species sacramenti.</p><p title="III q. 60 a. 8 ad 3"><a name="49603"><span class="ref">[49603] IIIª q. 60 a. 8 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	898 dicendum quod, si sit tanta interruptio verborum quod intercipiatur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	899 intentio pronuntiantis, tollitur sensus sacramenti, et per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	900 consequens veritas eius. Non autem tollitur quando est parva
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	901 interruptio proferentis, quae intentionem et intellectum non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	902 aufert. Et idem etiam dicendum est de transpositione verborum.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	903 Quia, si tollit sensum locutionis, non perficitur sacramentum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	904 sicut patet de negatione praeposita vel postposita signo. Si autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	905 sit talis transpositio quae sensum locutionis non variat, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	906 tollitur veritas sacramenti, secundum quod philosophus dicit quod
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	907 <i>nomina et verba transposita idem significant</i>.</p></div></div><div class="q" id="q61"><h2>Quaestio 61</h2><div class="p"><h3>Prooemium</h3><p title="III q. 61 pr."><a name="49604"><span class="ref">[49604]
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	908 IIIª q. 61 pr.</span></a> Deinde considerandum est de
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	909 necessitate sacramentorum. Et circa hoc quaeruntur quatuor. Primo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	910 utrum sacramenta sint necessaria ad salutem humanam. Secundo, utrum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	911 fuerint necessaria in statu ante peccatum. Tertio, utrum fuerint
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	912 necessaria in statu post peccatum ante Christum. Quarto, utrum
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	913 fuerint necessaria post Christi adventum.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 1</h3><p title="III q. 61 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="49605"><span class="ref">[49605] IIIª q. 61 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad primum sic
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	914 proceditur. Videtur quod sacramenta non fuerint necessaria ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	915 humanam salutem. Dicit enim apostolus, I ad Tim. IV, <i>corporalis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	916 exercitatio ad modicum utilis est</i>. Sed usus sacramentorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	917 pertinet ad corporalem exercitationem, eo quod sacramenta
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	918 perficiuntur in significatione sensibilium rerum et verborum, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	919 dictum est. Ergo sacramenta non sunt necessaria ad humanam
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	920 salutem.</p><p title="III q. 61 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="49606"><span class="ref">[49606] IIIª q. 61 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea, II
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	921 Cor. XII, apostolo dicitur, <i>sufficit tibi gratia mea</i>. Non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	922 autem sufficeret si sacramenta essent necessaria ad salutem. Non
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	923 sunt ergo sacramenta saluti humanae necessaria.</p><p title="III q. 61 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="49607"><span class="ref">[49607] IIIª q. 61 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	924 posita causa sufficienti, nihil aliud videtur esse necessarium ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	925 effectum. Sed passio Christi est sufficiens causa nostrae salutis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	926 dicit enim apostolus, ad Rom. V, <i>si, cum inimici essemus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	927 reconciliati sumus Deo per mortem filii eius, multo magis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	928 reconciliati, salvi erimus in vita ipsius</i>. Non ergo requiruntur
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	929 sacramenta ad salutem humanam.</p><p title="III q. 61 a. 1 s. c."><a name="49608"><span class="ref">[49608] IIIª q. 61 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	930 quod Augustinus dicit, XIX contra Faust., <i>in nullum nomen
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	931 religionis, seu verum seu falsum, coadunari homines possunt, nisi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	932 aliquo signaculorum vel sacramentorum visibilium consortio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	933 colligentur</i>. Sed necessarium est ad humanam salutem homines
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	934 adunari in unum verae religionis nomen. Ergo sacramenta sunt
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	935 necessaria ad humanam salutem.</p><p title="III q. 61 a. 1 co."><a name="49609"><span class="ref">[49609] IIIª q. 61 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	936 dicendum quod sacramenta sunt necessaria ad humanam salutem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	937 triplici ratione. Quarum prima sumenda est ex conditione humanae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	938 naturae, cuius proprium est ut per corporalia et sensibilia in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	939 spiritualia et intelligibilia deducatur. Pertinet autem ad divinam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	940 providentiam ut unicuique rei provideat secundum modum suae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	941 conditionis. Et ideo convenienter divina sapientia homini auxilia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	942 salutis confert sub quibusdam corporalibus et sensibilibus signis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	943 quae sacramenta dicuntur. Secunda ratio sumenda est ex statu
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	944 hominis, qui peccando se subdidit per affectum corporalibus rebus.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	945 Ibi autem debet medicinale remedium homini adhiberi ubi patitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	946 morbum. Et ideo conveniens fuit ut Deus per quaedam corporalia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	947 signa hominibus spiritualem medicinam adhiberet, nam, si
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	948 spiritualia nuda ei proponerentur, eius animus applicari non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	949 posset, corporalibus deditus. Tertia ratio sumenda est ex studio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	950 actionis humanae, quae praecipue circa corporalia versatur. Ne
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	951 igitur esset homini durum si totaliter a corporalibus actibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	952 abstraheretur, proposita sunt ei corporalia exercitia in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	953 sacramentis, quibus salubriter exerceretur, ad evitanda
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	954 superstitiosa exercitia, quae consistunt in cultu Daemonum, vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	955 qualitercumque noxia, quae consistunt in actibus peccatorum. Sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	956 igitur per sacramentorum institutionem homo convenienter suae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	957 naturae eruditur per sensibilia; humiliatur, se corporalibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	958 subiectum recognoscens, dum sibi per corporalia subvenitur;
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	959 praeservatur etiam a noxiis corporalibus per salubria exercitia
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	960 sacramentorum.</p><p title="III q. 61 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="49610"><span class="ref">[49610] IIIª q. 61 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	961 dicendum quod corporalis exercitatio, inquantum est corporalis, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	962 multum utilis est. Sed exercitatio per usum sacramentorum non est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	963 pure corporalis, sed quodammodo est spiritualis, scilicet per
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	964 significationem et causalitatem.</p><p title="III q. 61 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="49611"><span class="ref">[49611] IIIª q. 61 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	965 dicendum quod gratia Dei est sufficiens causa humanae salutis. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	966 Deus dat hominibus gratiam secundum modum eis convenientem. Et ideo
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	967 necessaria sunt hominibus sacramenta ad gratiam consequendam.</p><p title="III q. 61 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="49612"><span class="ref">[49612] IIIª q. 61 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	968 dicendum quod passio Christi est causa sufficiens humanae salutis.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	969 Nec propter hoc sequitur quod sacramenta non sint necessaria ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	970 humanam salutem, quia operantur in virtute passionis Christi, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	971 passio Christi quodammodo applicatur hominibus per sacramenta,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	972 secundum illud apostoli, Rom. VI, <i>quicumque baptizati sumus in
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	973 Christo Iesu, in morte ipsius baptizati sumus</i>.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 2</h3><p title="III q. 61 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="49613"><span class="ref">[49613] IIIª q. 61 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad secundum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	974 sic proceditur. Videtur quod ante peccatum fuerint homini
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	975 necessaria sacramenta. Quia, sicut dictum est, sacramenta sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	976 necessaria homini ad gratiam consequendam. Sed etiam in statu
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	977 innocentiae homo indigebat gratia, sicut in prima parte habitum
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	978 est. Ergo etiam in statu illo erant necessaria sacramenta.</p><p title="III q. 61 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="49614"><span class="ref">[49614] IIIª q. 61 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	979 sacramenta sunt convenientia homini secundum conditione humanae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	980 naturae, sicut dictum est. Sed eadem est natura hominis ante
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	981 peccatum et post peccatum. Ergo videtur quod ante peccatum homo
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	982 indiguerit sacramentis.</p><p title="III q. 61 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="49615"><span class="ref">[49615] IIIª q. 61 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	983 matrimonium est quoddam sacramentum, secundum illud Ephes. V,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	984 <i>sacramentum hoc magnum est, ego autem dico in Christo et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	985 Ecclesia</i>. Sed matrimonium fuit institutum ante peccatum, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	986 dicitur Gen. II. Ergo sacramenta erant necessaria homini ante
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	987 peccatum.</p><p title="III q. 61 a. 2 s. c."><a name="49616"><span class="ref">[49616] IIIª q. 61 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	988 quod medicina non est necessaria nisi aegroto, secundum illud
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	989 Matth. IX, <i>non est opus sanis medicus</i>. Sed sacramenta sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	990 quaedam spirituales medicinae, quae adhibentur contra vulnera
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	991 peccati. Ergo non fuerunt necessaria ante peccatum.</p><p title="III q. 61 a. 2 co."><a name="49617"><span class="ref">[49617] IIIª q. 61 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	992 dicendum quod in statu innocentiae sacramenta necessaria non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	993 fuerunt. Cuius ratio accipi potest ex rectitudine status illius, in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	994 quo superiora inferioribus dominabantur, et nullo modo dependebant
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	995 ab eis, sicut enim mens suberat Deo, ita menti suberant inferiores
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	996 animae vires, et ipsi animae corpus. Contra hunc autem ordinem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	997 esset si anima perficeretur, vel quantum ad scientiam vel quantum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	998 ad gratiam, per aliquid corporale, quod fit in sacramentis. Et ideo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	999 in statu innocentiae homo sacramentis non indigebat, non solum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1000 inquantum sacramenta ordinantur in remedium peccati, sed etiam
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1001 inquantum ordinantur ad animae perfectionem.</p><p title="III q. 61 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="49618"><span class="ref">[49618] IIIª q. 61 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1002 dicendum quod homo in statu innocentiae gratia indigebat, non tamen
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1003 ut consequeretur gratiam per aliqua sensibilia signa, sed
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1004 spiritualiter et invisibiliter.</p><p title="III q. 61 a. 2 ad 2"><a name="49619"><span class="ref">[49619] IIIª q. 61 a. 2 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1005 dicendum quod eadem est natura hominis ante peccatum et post
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1006 peccatum, non tamen est idem naturae status. Nam post peccatum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1007 anima, etiam quantum ad superiorem partem, indiget accipere aliquid
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1008 a corporalibus rebus ad sui perfectionem quod in illo statu homini
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1009 necesse non erat.</p><p title="III q. 61 a. 2 ad 3"><a name="49620"><span class="ref">[49620] IIIª q. 61 a. 2 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1010 dicendum quod matrimonium fuit institutum in statu innocentiae, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1011 secundum quod est sacramentum, sed secundum quod est in officium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1012 naturae. Ex consequenti tamen aliquid significabat futurum circa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1013 Christum et Ecclesiam, sicut et omnia alia in figura Christi
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1014 praecesserunt.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 3</h3><p title="III q. 61 a. 3 arg. 1"><a name="49621"><span class="ref">[49621] IIIª q. 61 a. 3 arg. 1</span></a> Ad tertium sic
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1015 proceditur. Videtur quod post peccatum, ante Christum, sacramenta
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1016 non debuerunt esse. Dictum est enim quod per sacramenta passio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1017 Christi hominibus applicatur, et sic passio Christi comparatur ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1018 sacramenta sicut causa ad effectum. Sed effectus non praecedit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1019 causam. Ergo sacramenta non debuerunt esse ante Christi
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1020 adventum.</p><p title="III q. 61 a. 3 arg. 2"><a name="49622"><span class="ref">[49622] IIIª q. 61 a. 3 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1021 sacramenta debent esse convenientia statui humani generis, ut patet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1022 per Augustinum, XIX contra Faustum. Sed status humani generis non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1023 fuit mutatus post peccatum usque ad reparationem factam per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1024 Christum. Ergo nec sacramenta debuerunt immutari, ut, praeter
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1025 sacramenta legis naturae, alia statuerentur in lege Moysi.</p><p title="III q. 61 a. 3 arg. 3"><a name="49623"><span class="ref">[49623] IIIª q. 61 a. 3 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1026 quanto magis est aliquid propinquum perfecto, tanto magis debet ei
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1027 assimilari. Sed perfectio salutis humanae per Christum facta est,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1028 cui propinquiora fuerunt sacramenta veteris legis quam ea quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1029 fuerunt ante legem. Ergo debuerunt esse similiora sacramentis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1030 Christi. Cuius tamen contrarium apparet, ex eo quod sacerdotium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1031 Christi praedicitur esse futurum <i>secundum ordinem Melchisedech,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1032 et non secundum ordinem Aaron</i>, ut habetur Heb. VII. Non ergo
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1033 convenienter fuerunt disposita ante Christum sacramenta.</p><p title="III q. 61 a. 3 s. c."><a name="49624"><span class="ref">[49624] IIIª q. 61 a. 3 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1034 quod Augustinus dicit, XIX contra Faust., quod <i>prima sacramenta,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1035 quae celebrabantur et observabantur ex lege, praenuntia erant
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1036 Christi venturi</i>. Sed necessarium erat ad humanam salutem ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1037 adventus Christi praenuntiaretur. Ergo necessarium erat ante
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1038 Christum sacramenta quaedam disponi.</p><p title="III q. 61 a. 3 co."><a name="49625"><span class="ref">[49625] IIIª q. 61 a. 3 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1039 dicendum quod sacramenta necessaria sunt ad humanam salutem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1040 inquantum sunt quaedam sensibilia signa invisibilium rerum quibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1041 homo sanctificatur. Nullus autem sanctificari potest post peccatum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1042 nisi per Christum, <i>quem proposuit Deus propitiatorem per fidem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1043 in sanguine ipsius, ad ostensionem iustitiae suae, ut sit ipse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1044 iustus et iustificans eum qui ex fide est Iesu Christi</i>. Et ideo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1045 oportebat ante Christi adventum esse quaedam signa visibilia quibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1046 homo fidem suam protestaretur de futuro salvatoris adventu. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1047 huiusmodi signa sacramenta dicuntur. Et sic patet quod ante Christi
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1048 adventum necesse fuit quaedam sacramenta institui.</p><p title="III q. 61 a. 3 ad 1"><a name="49626"><span class="ref">[49626] IIIª q. 61 a. 3 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1049 dicendum quod passio Christi est causa finalis veterum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1050 sacramentorum, quae scilicet ad ipsam significandam sunt instituta.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1051 Causa autem finalis non praecedit tempore, sed solum in intentione
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1052 agentis. Et ideo non est inconveniens aliqua sacramenta ante
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1053 Christi passionem fuisse.</p><p title="III q. 61 a. 3 ad 2"><a name="49627"><span class="ref">[49627] IIIª q. 61 a. 3 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1054 dicendum quod status humani generis post peccatum et ante Christum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1055 dupliciter potest considerari. Uno modo, secundum fidei rationem.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1056 Et sic semper unus et idem permansit, quia scilicet iustificabantur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1057 homines per fidem futuri Christi adventus. Alio modo potest
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1058 considerari secundum intensionem et remissionem peccati, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1059 expressae cognitionis de Christo. Nam per incrementa temporum et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1060 peccatum coepit in homine magis dominari, in tantum quod, ratione
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1061 hominis per peccatum obtenebrata, non sufficerent homini ad recte
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1062 vivendum praecepta legis naturae, sed necesse fuit determinari
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1063 praecepta in lege scripta; et cum his quaedam fidei sacramenta.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1064 Oportebat etiam ut per incrementa temporum magis explicaretur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1065 cognitio fidei, quia, ut Gregorius dicit, <i>per incrementa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1066 temporum crevit divinae cognitionis augmentum</i>. Et ideo etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1067 necesse fuit quod in veteri lege etiam quaedam sacramenta fidei
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1068 quam habebant de Christo venturo, determinarentur quae quidem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1069 comparantur ad sacramenta quae fuerunt ante legem sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1070 determinatum ad indeterminatum; quia scilicet ante legem non fuit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1071 determinate praefixum homini quibus sacramentis uteretur, sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1072 fuit per legem. Quod erat necessarium et propter obtenebrationem
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1073 legis naturalis; et ut esset determinatior fidei significatio.</p><p title="III q. 61 a. 3 ad 3"><a name="49628"><span class="ref">[49628] IIIª q. 61 a. 3 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1074 dicendum quod sacramentum Melchisedech, quod fuit ante legem, magis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1075 assimilatur sacramento novae legis in materia, inquantum scilicet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1076 obtulit panem et vinum, ut habetur Gen. XIV, sicut etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1077 sacrificium novi testamenti oblatione panis et vini perficitur.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1078 Sacramenta tamen legis Mosaicae magis assimilantur rei significatae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1079 per sacramentum, scilicet passioni Christi, ut patet de agno
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1080 paschali et aliis huiusmodi. Et hoc ideo ne, propter continuitatem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1081 temporis, si permaneret eadem sacramentorum species, videretur esse
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1082 sacramenti eiusdem continuatio.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 4</h3><p title="III q. 61 a. 4 arg. 1"><a name="49629"><span class="ref">[49629] IIIª q. 61 a. 4 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quartum sic
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1083 proceditur. Videtur quod post Christum non debuerint esse aliqua
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1084 sacramenta. Veniente enim veritate, debet cessare figura. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1085 <i>gratia et veritas per Iesum Christum facta est</i>, ut dicitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1086 Ioan. I. Cum igitur sacramenta sint veritatis signa sive figurae,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1087 videtur quod post Christi passionem sacramenta esse non
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1088 debuerint.</p><p title="III q. 61 a. 4 arg. 2"><a name="49630"><span class="ref">[49630] IIIª q. 61 a. 4 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1089 sacramenta in quibusdam elementis consistunt, ut ex supra dictis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1090 patet. Sed apostolus dicit, Galat. IV, quod, <i>cum essemus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1091 parvuli, sub elementis mundi eramus servientes</i>, nunc autem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1092 temporis plenitudine veniente, iam non sumus parvuli. Ergo videtur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1093 quod non debeamus Deo servire sub elementis huius mundi,
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1094 corporalibus sacramentis utendo.</p><p title="III q. 61 a. 4 arg. 3"><a name="49631"><span class="ref">[49631] IIIª q. 61 a. 4 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1095 <i>apud Deum non est transmutatio nec vicissitudinis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1096 obumbratio</i>, ut dicitur Iac. I. Sed hoc videtur ad quandam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1097 mutationem divinae voluntatis pertinere, quod alia sacramenta nunc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1098 exhibeat hominibus ad sanctificationem tempore gratiae, et alia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1099 ante Christum. Ergo videtur quod post Christum non debuerunt
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1100 institui alia sacramenta.</p><p title="III q. 61 a. 4 s. c."><a name="49632"><span class="ref">[49632] IIIª q. 61 a. 4 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1101 quod Augustinus dicit, contra Faust. XIX, quod sacramenta veteris
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1102 legis <i>sunt ablata, quia impleta, et alia sunt instituta virtute
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1103 maiora, utilitate meliora, actu faciliora, numero pauciora</i>.</p><p title="III q. 61 a. 4 co."><a name="49633"><span class="ref">[49633] IIIª q. 61 a. 4 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1104 dicendum quod, sicut antiqui patres salvati sunt per fidem Christi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1105 venturi, ita et nos salvamur per fidem Christi iam nati et passi.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1106 Sunt autem sacramenta quaedam signa protestantia fidem qua homo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1107 iustificatur. Oportet autem aliis signis significari futura,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1108 praeterita seu praesentia, ut enim Augustinus dicit, XIX contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1109 Faust., <i>eadem res aliter annuntiatur facienda, aliter facta,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1110 sicut ipsa verba passurus et passus non similiter sonant</i>. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1111 ideo oportet quaedam alia sacramenta in nova lege esse, quibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1112 significentur ea quae praecesserunt in Christo, praeter sacramenta
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1113 veteris legis, quibus praenuntiabantur futura.</p><p title="III q. 61 a. 4 ad 1"><a name="49634"><span class="ref">[49634] IIIª q. 61 a. 4 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1114 dicendum quod, sicut Dionysius dicit, in V cap. Eccl. Hier., status
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1115 novae legis medius est inter statum veteris legis, cuius figurae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1116 implentur in nova lege; et inter statum gloriae, in qua omnis nude
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1117 et perfecte manifestabitur veritas. Et ideo tunc nulla erunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1118 sacramenta. Nunc autem, quandiu per speculum in aenigmate
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1119 cognoscimus, ut dicitur I Cor. XIII, oportet nos per aliqua
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1120 sensibilia signa in spiritualia devenire. Quod pertinet ad rationem
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1121 sacramentorum.</p><p title="III q. 61 a. 4 ad 2"><a name="49635"><span class="ref">[49635] IIIª q. 61 a. 4 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1122 dicendum quod sacramenta veteris legis apostolus vocat egena et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1123 infirma elementa, quia gratiam nec continebant, nec causabant. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1124 ideo utentes illis sacramentis dicit apostolus sub elementis mundi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1125 Deo servisse, quia scilicet nihil erant aliud quam elementa huius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1126 mundi. Nostra autem sacramenta gratiam continent et causant. Et
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1127 ideo non est de eis similis ratio.</p><p title="III q. 61 a. 4 ad 3"><a name="49636"><span class="ref">[49636] IIIª q. 61 a. 4 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1128 dicendum quod, sicut paterfamilias non ex hoc habere monstratur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1129 mutabilem voluntatem quod diversa praecepta familiae suae proponit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1130 pro temporum varietate, non eadem praecipiens hieme et aestate; ita
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1131 non ostenditur aliqua mutatio esse circa Deum ex hoc quod alia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1132 sacramenta instituit post Christi adventum, et alia tempore legis;
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1133 quia illa fuerunt congrua gratiae praefigurandae, haec autem sunt
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1134 congrua gratiae praesentialiter demonstrandae.</p></div></div><div class="q" id="q62"><h2>Quaestio 62</h2><div class="p"><h3>Prooemium</h3><p title="III q. 62 pr."><a name="49637"><span class="ref">[49637]
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1135 IIIª q. 62 pr.</span></a> Deinde considerandum est de effectu
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1136 sacramentorum. Et primo, de effectu eius principali, qui est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1137 gratia; secundo de effectu secundario, qui est character. Circa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1138 primum quaeruntur sex. Primo, utrum sacramenta novae legis sint
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1139 causa gratiae. Secundo, utrum gratia sacramentalis aliquid addat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1140 super gratiam virtutum et donorum. Tertio, utrum sacramenta
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1141 contineant gratiam. Quarto, utrum sit in eis aliqua virtus ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1142 causandum gratiam. Quinto, utrum talis virtus in sacramentis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1143 derivetur a passione Christi. Sexto, utrum sacramenta veteris legis
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1144 gratiam causarent.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 1</h3><p title="III q. 62 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="49638"><span class="ref">[49638] IIIª q. 62 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad primum sic
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1145 proceditur. Videtur quod sacramenta non sint causa gratiae. Non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1146 enim idem videtur esse signum et causa, eo quod ratio signi videtur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1147 magis effectui competere. Sed sacramentum est signum gratiae. Non
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1148 igitur est causa eius.</p><p title="III q. 62 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="49639"><span class="ref">[49639] IIIª q. 62 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1149 nullum corporale agere potest in rem spiritualem, eo quod agens est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1150 honorabilius patiente, ut Augustinus dicit, XII super Gen. ad Litt.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1151 Sed subiectum gratiae est mens hominis, quae est res spiritualis.
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1152 Non ergo sacramenta possunt gratiam causare.</p><p title="III q. 62 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="49640"><span class="ref">[49640] IIIª q. 62 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1153 illud quod est proprium Dei, non debet alicui creaturae attribui.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1154 Sed causare gratiam est proprium Dei, secundum illud Psalmi,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1155 <i>gratiam et gloriam dabit dominus</i>. Cum ergo sacramenta
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1156 consistant in quibusdam verbis et rebus creatis, non videtur quod
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1157 possint gratiam causare.</p><p title="III q. 62 a. 1 s. c."><a name="49641"><span class="ref">[49641] IIIª q. 62 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1158 quod Augustinus dicit, super Ioan., quod aqua baptismalis corpus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1159 tangit et cor abluit. Sed cor non abluitur nisi per gratiam. Ergo
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1160 causat gratiam, et pari ratione alia Ecclesiae sacramenta.</p><p title="III q. 62 a. 1 co."><a name="49642"><span class="ref">[49642] IIIª q. 62 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1161 dicendum quod necesse est dicere sacramenta novae legis per aliquem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1162 modum gratiam causare. Manifestum est enim quod per sacramenta
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1163 novae legis homo Christo incorporatur, sicut de Baptismo dicit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1164 apostolus, Galat. III, <i>quotquot in Christo baptizati estis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1165 Christum induistis</i>. Non autem efficitur homo membrum Christi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1166 nisi per gratiam. Quidam tamen dicunt quod non sunt causa gratiae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1167 aliquid operando, sed quia Deus, sacramentis adhibitis, in anima
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1168 gratiam operatur. Et ponunt exemplum de illo qui, afferens denarium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1169 plumbeum, accipit centum libras ex regis ordinatione, non quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1170 denarius ille aliquid operetur ad habendum praedictae pecuniae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1171 quantitatem; sed hoc operatur sola voluntas regis. Unde et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1172 Bernardus dicit, in quodam sermone in cena domini, <i>sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1173 investitur canonicus per librum, abbas per baculum, episcopus per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1174 anulum, sic divisiones gratiarum diversae sunt traditae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1175 sacramentis</i>. Sed si quis recte consideret, iste modus non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1176 transcendit rationem signi. Nam denarius plumbeus non est nisi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1177 quoddam signum regiae ordinationis de hoc quod pecunia recipiatur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1178 ab isto. Similiter liber est quoddam signum quo designatur traditio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1179 canonicatus. Secundum hoc igitur sacramenta novae legis nihil plus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1180 essent quam signa gratiae, cum tamen ex multis sanctorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1181 auctoritatibus habeatur quod sacramenta novae legis non solum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1182 significant, sed causant gratiam. Et ideo aliter dicendum, quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1183 duplex est causa agens, principalis et instrumentalis. Principalis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1184 quidem operatur per virtutem suae formae, cui assimilatur effectus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1185 sicut ignis suo calore calefacit. Et hoc modo non potest causare
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1186 gratiam nisi Deus, quia gratia nihil est aliud quam quaedam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1187 participata similitudo divinae naturae, secundum illud II Pet. I,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1188 <i>magna nobis et pretiosa promissa donavit, ut divinae simus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1189 consortes naturae</i>. Causa vero instrumentalis non agit per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1190 virtutem suae formae, sed solum per motum quo movetur a principali
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1191 agente. Unde effectus non assimilatur instrumento, sed principali
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1192 agenti, sicut lectus non assimilatur securi, sed arti quae est in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1193 mente artificis. Et hoc modo sacramenta novae legis gratiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1194 causant, adhibentur enim ex divina ordinatione ad gratiam in eis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1195 causandam. Unde Augustinus dicit, XIX contra Faust., haec omnia,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1196 scilicet sacramentalia, fiunt et transeunt, virtus tamen, scilicet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1197 Dei, quae per ista operatur, iugiter manet. Hoc autem proprie
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1198 dicitur instrumentum, per quod aliquis operatur. Unde et Tit. III
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1199 dicitur, <i>salvos nos fecit per lavacrum regenerationis</i>.</p><p title="III q. 62 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="49643"><span class="ref">[49643] IIIª q. 62 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1200 dicendum quod causa principalis non proprie potest dici signum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1201 effectus, licet occulti, etiam si ipsa sit sensibilis et manifesta.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1202 Sed causa instrumentalis, si sit manifesta, potest dici signum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1203 effectus occulti, eo quod non solum est causa, sed quodammodo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1204 effectus, inquantum movetur a principali agente. Et secundum hoc,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1205 sacramenta novae legis simul sunt causa et signa. Et inde est quod,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1206 sicut communiter dicitur, efficiunt quod figurant. Ex quo etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1207 patet quod habent perfecte rationem sacramenti, inquantum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1208 ordinantur ad aliquid sacrum non solum per modum signi, sed etiam
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1209 per modum causae.</p><p title="III q. 62 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="49644"><span class="ref">[49644] IIIª q. 62 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1210 dicendum quod instrumentum habet duas actiones, unam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1211 instrumentalem, secundum quam operatur non in virtute propria, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1212 in virtute principalis agentis; aliam autem habet actionem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1213 propriam, quae competit sibi secundum propriam formam; sicut securi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1214 competit scindere ratione suae acuitatis, facere autem lectum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1215 inquantum est instrumentum artis. Non autem perficit actionem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1216 instrumentalem nisi exercendo actionem propriam; scindendo enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1217 facit lectum. Et similiter sacramenta corporalia per propriam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1218 operationem quam exercent circa corpus, quod tangunt, efficiunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1219 operationem instrumentalem ex virtute divina circa animam, sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1220 aqua Baptismi, abluendo corpus secundum propriam virtutem, abluit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1221 animam inquantum est instrumentum virtutis divinae; nam ex anima et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1222 corpore unum fit. Et hoc est quod Augustinus dicit, quod corpus
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1223 tangit et cor abluit.</p><p title="III q. 62 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="49645"><span class="ref">[49645] IIIª q. 62 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1224 dicendum quod ratio illa procedit de eo quod est causa gratiae per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1225 modum principalis agentis, hoc enim est proprium Dei, ut dictum
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1226 est.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 2</h3><p title="III q. 62 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="49646"><span class="ref">[49646] IIIª q. 62 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad secundum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1227 sic proceditur. Videtur quod gratia sacramentalis non addat aliquid
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1228 supra gratiam virtutum et donorum. Per gratiam enim virtutum et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1229 donorum perficitur anima sufficienter et quantum ad essentiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1230 animae, et quantum ad eius potentias, ut patet ex his quae in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1231 secunda parte dicta sunt. Sed gratia ordinatur ad animae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1232 perfectionem. Ergo gratia sacramentalis non potest aliquid addere
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1233 super gratiam virtutum et donorum.</p><p title="III q. 62 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="49647"><span class="ref">[49647] IIIª q. 62 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1234 defectus animae ex peccatis causantur. Sed omnia peccata
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1235 sufficienter excluduntur per gratiam virtutum et donorum, quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1236 nullum est peccatum quod non contrarietur alicui virtuti. Gratia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1237 ergo sacramentalis, cum ordinetur ad defectus animae tollendos, non
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1238 potest aliquid addere super gratiam virtutum et donorum.</p><p title="III q. 62 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="49648"><span class="ref">[49648] IIIª q. 62 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1239 omnis additio vel subtractio in formis variat speciem, ut dicitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1240 in VIII Metaphys. Si igitur gratia sacramentalis addat aliquid
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1241 super gratiam virtutum et donorum, sequitur quod aequivoce dicatur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1242 gratia. Et sic nihil certum ostenditur ex hoc quod sacramenta
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1243 dicuntur gratiam causare.</p><p title="III q. 62 a. 2 s. c."><a name="49649"><span class="ref">[49649] IIIª q. 62 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1244 quod, si gratia sacramentalis non addit aliquid super gratiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1245 donorum et virtutum, frustra sacramenta habentibus et dona et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1246 virtutes conferrentur. In operibus autem Dei nihil est frustra.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1247 Ergo videtur quod gratia sacramentalis aliquid addat super gratiam
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1248 virtutum et donorum.</p><p title="III q. 62 a. 2 co."><a name="49650"><span class="ref">[49650] IIIª q. 62 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1249 dicendum quod, sicut in secunda parte dictum est, gratia, secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1250 se considerata, perficit essentiam animae, inquantum participat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1251 quandam similitudinem divini esse. Et sicut ab essentia animae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1252 fluunt eius potentiae, ita a gratia fluunt quaedam perfectiones ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1253 potentias animae, quae dicuntur virtutes et dona, quibus potentiae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1254 perficiuntur in ordine ad suos actus. Ordinantur autem sacramenta
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1255 ad quosdam speciales effectus necessarios in vita Christiana, sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1256 Baptismus ordinatur ad quandam spiritualem regenerationem, qua homo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1257 moritur vitiis et fit membrum Christi; qui quidem effectus est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1258 aliquid speciale praeter actus potentiarum animae. Et eadem ratio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1259 est in aliis sacramentis. Sicut igitur virtutes et dona addunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1260 super gratiam communiter dictam quandam perfectionem determinate
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1261 ordinatam ad proprios actus potentiarum, ita gratia sacramentalis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1262 addit super gratiam communiter dictam, et super virtutes et dona,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1263 quoddam divinum auxilium ad consequendum sacramenti finem. Et per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1264 hunc modum gratia sacramentalis addit super gratiam virtutum et
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1265 donorum.</p><p title="III q. 62 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="49651"><span class="ref">[49651] IIIª q. 62 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1266 dicendum quod gratia virtutum et donorum sufficienter perficit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1267 essentiam et potentias animae quantum ad generalem ordinationem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1268 actuum. Sed quantum ad quosdam effectus speciales qui requiruntur
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1269 in Christiana vita, requiritur sacramentalis gratia.</p><p title="III q. 62 a. 2 ad 2"><a name="49652"><span class="ref">[49652] IIIª q. 62 a. 2 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1270 dicendum quod per virtutes et dona sufficienter excluduntur vitia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1271 et peccata quantum ad praesens et futurum, inquantum scilicet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1272 impeditur homo per virtutes et dona a peccando. Sed quantum ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1273 praeterita peccata, quae transeunt actu et permanent reatu,
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1274 adhibetur homini remedium specialiter per sacramenta.</p><p title="III q. 62 a. 2 ad 3"><a name="49653"><span class="ref">[49653] IIIª q. 62 a. 2 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1275 dicendum quod ratio sacramentalis gratiae se habet ad gratiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1276 communiter dictam sicut ratio speciei ad genus. Unde, sicut non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1277 aequivoce dicitur animal communiter dictum et pro homine sumptum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1278 ita non aequivoce dicitur gratia communiter sumpta et gratia
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1279 sacramentalis.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 3</h3><p title="III q. 62 a. 3 arg. 1"><a name="49654"><span class="ref">[49654] IIIª q. 62 a. 3 arg. 1</span></a> Ad tertium sic
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1280 proceditur. Videtur quod sacramenta novae legis non contineant
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1281 gratiam. Contentum enim videtur esse in continente. Sed gratia non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1282 est in sacramento, neque sicut in subiecto, quia subiectum gratiae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1283 non est corpus sed spiritus; neque sicut in vase, quia vas est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1284 locus mobilis, ut dicitur in IV Physic., esse autem in loco non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1285 convenit accidenti. Ergo videtur quod sacramenta novae legis non
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1286 contineant gratiam.</p><p title="III q. 62 a. 3 arg. 2"><a name="49655"><span class="ref">[49655] IIIª q. 62 a. 3 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1287 sacramenta ordinantur ad hoc quod homines per ea gratiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1288 consequantur. Sed gratia, cum sit accidens, non potest transire de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1289 subiecto in subiectum. Ergo pro nihilo esset gratia in
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1290 sacramentis.</p><p title="III q. 62 a. 3 arg. 3"><a name="49656"><span class="ref">[49656] IIIª q. 62 a. 3 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1291 spirituale non continetur a corporali, etiam si in eo sit, non enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1292 anima continetur a corpore, sed potius continet corpus. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1293 videtur quod gratia, cum sit quoddam spirituale, non contineatur in
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1294 sacramento corporali.</p><p title="III q. 62 a. 3 s. c."><a name="49657"><span class="ref">[49657] IIIª q. 62 a. 3 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1295 quod Hugo de sancto Victore dicit, quod <i>sacramentum ex
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1296 sanctificatione invisibilem gratiam continet</i>.</p><p title="III q. 62 a. 3 co."><a name="49658"><span class="ref">[49658] IIIª q. 62 a. 3 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1297 dicendum quod multipliciter dicitur aliquid esse in alio, inter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1298 quos duplici modo gratia est in sacramentis. Uno modo, sicut in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1299 signis, nam sacramentum est signum gratiae. Alio modo, sicut in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1300 causa. Nam, sicut dictum est, sacramentum novae legis est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1301 instrumentalis gratiae causa. Unde gratia est in sacramento novae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1302 legis, non quidem secundum similitudinem speciei, sicut effectus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1303 est in causa univoca; neque etiam secundum aliquam formam propriam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1304 et permanentem proportionatam ad talem effectum, sicut sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1305 effectus in causis non univocis, puta res generatae in sole; sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1306 secundum quandam instrumentalem virtutem, quae est fluens et
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1307 incompleta in esse naturae, ut infra dicetur.</p><p title="III q. 62 a. 3 ad 1"><a name="49659"><span class="ref">[49659] IIIª q. 62 a. 3 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1308 dicendum quod gratia non dicitur esse in sacramento sicut in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1309 subiecto; neque sicut in vase prout vas est locus quidam, sed prout
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1310 vas dicitur instrumentum alicuius operis faciendi, secundum quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1311 dicitur Ezech. IX, <i>unusquisque vas interfectionis habet in manu
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1312 sua</i>.</p><p title="III q. 62 a. 3 ad 2"><a name="49660"><span class="ref">[49660] IIIª q. 62 a. 3 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1313 dicendum quod, quamvis accidens non transeat a subiecto in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1314 subiectum, transit tamen a causa per instrumentum aliqualiter in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1315 subiectum, non ut eodem modo sit in eis, sed in unoquoque secundum
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1316 propriam rationem.</p><p title="III q. 62 a. 3 ad 3"><a name="49661"><span class="ref">[49661] IIIª q. 62 a. 3 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1317 dicendum quod spirituale existens perfecte in aliquo, continet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1318 ipsum, et non continetur ab eo. Sed gratia est in sacramento
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1319 secundum esse fluens et incompletum. Et ideo non inconvenienter
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1320 sacramentum dicitur gratiam continere.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 4</h3><p title="III q. 62 a. 4 arg. 1"><a name="49662"><span class="ref">[49662] IIIª q. 62 a. 4 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quartum sic
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1321 proceditur. Videtur quod in sacramentis non sit aliqua virtus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1322 gratiae causativa. Virtus enim gratiae causativa est virtus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1323 spiritualis. Sed in corpore non potest esse virtus spiritualis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1324 neque ita quod sit propria ei, quia virtus fluit ab essentia rei,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1325 et ita non potest eam transcendere; neque ita quod recipiat eam ab
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1326 alio, quia quod recipitur ab aliquo, est in eo per modum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1327 recipientis. Ergo in sacramentis non potest esse aliqua virtus
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1328 gratiae causativa.</p><p title="III q. 62 a. 4 arg. 2"><a name="49663"><span class="ref">[49663] IIIª q. 62 a. 4 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1329 omne quod est, reducitur ad aliquod genus entis, et ad aliquem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1330 gradum boni. Sed non est dare in quo genere entis sit talis virtus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1331 ut patet discurrenti per singula. Nec etiam potest reduci ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1332 aliquem gradum bonorum, neque enim est inter minima bona, quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1333 sacramenta sunt de necessitate salutis; neque etiam inter media
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1334 bona, cuiusmodi sunt potentiae animae, quae sunt quaedam potentiae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1335 naturales; neque inter maxima bona, quia nec est gratia nec virtus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1336 mentis. Ergo videtur quod in sacramentis nulla sit virtus gratiae
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1337 causativa.</p><p title="III q. 62 a. 4 arg. 3"><a name="49664"><span class="ref">[49664] IIIª q. 62 a. 4 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea, si
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1338 talis virtus est in sacramentis, non causatur in eis nisi per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1339 creationem a Deo. Sed inconveniens videtur quod tam nobilis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1340 creatura statim esse desinat sacramento perfecto. Ergo videtur quod
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1341 nulla virtus sit in sacramentis ad gratiam causandam.</p><p title="III q. 62 a. 4 arg. 4"><a name="49665"><span class="ref">[49665] IIIª q. 62 a. 4 arg. 4</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1342 idem non potest esse in diversis. Sed ad sacramenta concurrunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1343 diversa, scilicet verba et res, unius autem sacramenti non potest
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1344 esse nisi una virtus. Ergo videtur quod in sacramentis nulla sit
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1345 virtus.</p><p title="III q. 62 a. 4 s. c."><a name="49666"><span class="ref">[49666] IIIª q. 62 a. 4 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1346 quod Augustinus dicit, super Ioan., <i>quae tanta vis aquae ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1347 corpus tangat et cor abluat?</i> Et Beda dicit quod <i>dominus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1348 tactu suae mundissimae carnis vim regenerativam contulit
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1349 aquis</i>.</p><p title="III q. 62 a. 4 co."><a name="49667"><span class="ref">[49667] IIIª q. 62 a. 4 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1350 dicendum quod illi qui ponunt quod sacramenta non causant gratiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1351 nisi per quandam concomitantiam, ponunt quod in sacramento non sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1352 aliqua virtus quae operetur ad sacramenti effectum, est tamen
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1353 virtus divina sacramento coassistens, quae sacramentalem effectum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1354 operatur. Sed ponendo quod sacramentum est instrumentalis causa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1355 gratiae, necesse est simul ponere quod in sacramento sit quaedam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1356 virtus instrumentalis ad inducendum sacramentalem effectum. Et haec
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1357 quidem virtus proportionatur instrumento. Unde comparatur ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1358 virtutem absolutam et perfectam alicuius rei sicut comparatur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1359 instrumentum ad agens principale. Instrumentum enim, ut dictum est,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1360 non operatur nisi inquantum est motum a principali agente, quod per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1361 se operatur. Et ideo virtus principalis agentis habet permanens et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1362 completum esse in natura, virtus autem instrumentalis habet esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1363 transiens ex uno in aliud, et incompletum; sicut et motus est actus
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1364 imperfectus ab agente in patiens.</p><p title="III q. 62 a. 4 ad 1"><a name="49668"><span class="ref">[49668] IIIª q. 62 a. 4 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1365 dicendum quod virtus spiritualis non potest esse in re corporea per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1366 modum virtutis permanentis et completae, sicut ratio probat. Nihil
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1367 tamen prohibet in corpore esse virtutem spiritualem instrumentalem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1368 inquantum scilicet corpus potest moveri ab aliqua substantia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1369 spirituali ad aliquem effectum spiritualem inducendum; sicut etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1370 in ipsa voce sensibili est quaedam vis spiritualis ad excitandum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1371 intellectum hominis, inquantum procedit a conceptione mentis. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1372 hoc modo vis spiritualis est in sacramentis, inquantum ordinantur a
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1373 Deo ad effectum spiritualem.</p><p title="III q. 62 a. 4 ad 2"><a name="49669"><span class="ref">[49669] IIIª q. 62 a. 4 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1374 dicendum quod, sicut motus, eo quod est actus imperfectus, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1375 proprie est in aliquo genere, sed reducitur ad genus actus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1376 perfecti, sicut alteratio ad qualitatem, ita virtus instrumentalis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1377 non est, proprie loquendo, in aliquo genere, sed reducitur ad genus
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1378 et speciem virtutis perfectae.</p><p title="III q. 62 a. 4 ad 3"><a name="49670"><span class="ref">[49670] IIIª q. 62 a. 4 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1379 dicendum quod, sicut virtus instrumentalis acquiritur instrumento
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1380 ex hoc ipso quod movetur ab agente principali, ita et sacramentum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1381 consequitur spiritualem virtutem ex benedictione Christi et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1382 applicatione ministri ad usum sacramenti. Unde Augustinus dicit, in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1383 quodam sermone de Epiphania, <i>nec mirum quod aquam, hoc est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1384 substantiam corporalem, ad purificandam animam dicimus pervenire.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1385 Pervenit plane, et penetrat conscientiae universa latibula. Quamvis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1386 enim ipsa sit subtilis et tenuis, benedictione tamen Christi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1387 subtilior, occultas vitae causas ad secreta mentis subtili rore
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1388 pertransit</i>.</p><p title="III q. 62 a. 4 ad 4"><a name="49671"><span class="ref">[49671] IIIª q. 62 a. 4 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1389 dicendum quod, sicut eadem vis principalis agentis instrumentaliter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1390 invenitur in omnibus instrumentis ordinatis ad effectum, prout sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1391 quodam ordine unum; ita etiam eadem vis sacramentalis invenitur in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1392 verbis et rebus, prout ex verbis et rebus perficitur unum
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1393 sacramentum.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 5</h3><p title="III q. 62 a. 5 arg. 1"><a name="49672"><span class="ref">[49672] IIIª q. 62 a. 5 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quintum sic
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1394 proceditur. Videtur quod sacramenta novae legis non habeant
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1395 virtutem ex passione Christi. Virtus enim sacramentorum est ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1396 gratiam causandam in anima, per quam spiritualiter vivit. Sed,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1397 sicut Augustinus dicit, super Ioan., <i>verbum prout erat in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1398 principio apud Deum, vivificat animas, secundum autem quod est caro
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1399 factum, vivificat corpora</i>. Cum igitur passio Christi pertineat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1400 ad verbum secundum quod est caro factum, videtur quod non possit
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1401 causare virtutem sacramentorum.</p><p title="III q. 62 a. 5 arg. 2"><a name="49673"><span class="ref">[49673] IIIª q. 62 a. 5 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1402 virtus sacramentorum videtur ex fide dependere, quia, sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1403 Augustinus dicit, super Ioan., verbum Dei perficit sacramentum, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1404 quia dicitur, sed quia creditur. Sed fides nostra non solum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1405 respicit passionem Christi, sed etiam alia mysteria humanitatis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1406 ipsius, et principalius etiam divinitatem eius. Ergo videtur quod
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1407 sacramenta non habeant specialiter virtutem a passione Christi.</p><p title="III q. 62 a. 5 arg. 3"><a name="49674"><span class="ref">[49674] IIIª q. 62 a. 5 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1408 sacramenta ordinantur ad hominum iustificationem, secundum illud I
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1409 Cor. VI, <i>abluti estis, et iustificati estis</i>. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1410 iustificatio attribuitur resurrectioni, secundum illud Rom. IV,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1411 <i>resurrexit propter iustificationem nostram</i>. Ergo videtur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1412 quod sacramenta magis habeant virtutem a resurrectione Christi quam
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1413 ab eius passione.</p><p title="III q. 62 a. 5 s. c."><a name="49675"><span class="ref">[49675] IIIª q. 62 a. 5 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1414 quod, super illud Rom. V, <i>in similitudinem praevaricationis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1415 Adae</i> etc., dicit Glossa, <i>ex latere Christi dormientis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1416 fluxerunt sacramenta, per quae salvata est Ecclesia</i>. Sic ergo
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1417 videntur sacramenta virtutem habere ex passione Christi.</p><p title="III q. 62 a. 5 co."><a name="49676"><span class="ref">[49676] IIIª q. 62 a. 5 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1418 dicendum quod, sicut dictum est, sacramentum operatur ad gratiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1419 causandam per modum instrumenti. Est autem duplex instrumentum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1420 unum quidem separatum, ut baculus; aliud autem coniunctum, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1421 manus. Per instrumentum autem coniunctum movetur instrumentum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1422 separatum, sicut baculus per manum. Principalis autem causa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1423 efficiens gratiae est ipse Deus, ad quem comparatur humanitas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1424 Christi sicut instrumentum coniunctum, sacramentum autem sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1425 instrumentum separatum. Et ideo oportet quod virtus salutifera
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1426 derivetur a divinitate Christi per eius humanitatem in ipsa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1427 sacramenta. Gratia autem sacramentalis ad duo praecipue ordinari
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1428 videtur, videlicet ad tollendos defectus praeteritorum peccatorum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1429 inquantum transeunt actu et remanent reatu; et iterum ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1430 perficiendum animam in his quae pertinent ad cultum Dei secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1431 religionem Christianae vitae. Manifestum est autem ex his quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1432 supra dicta sunt, quod Christus liberavit nos a peccatis nostris
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1433 praecipue per suam passionem, non solum efficienter et meritorie,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1434 sed etiam satisfactorie. Similiter etiam per suam passionem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1435 initiavit ritum Christianae religionis, <i>offerens seipsum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1436 oblationem et hostiam Deo</i>, ut dicitur Ephes. V. Unde manifestum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1437 est quod sacramenta Ecclesiae specialiter habent virtutem ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1438 passione Christi, cuius virtus quodammodo nobis copulatur per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1439 susceptionem sacramentorum. In cuius signum, de latere Christi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1440 pendentis in cruce fluxerunt aqua et sanguis, quorum unum pertinet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1441 ad Baptismum, aliud ad Eucharistiam, quae sunt potissima
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1442 sacramenta.</p><p title="III q. 62 a. 5 ad 1"><a name="49677"><span class="ref">[49677] IIIª q. 62 a. 5 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1443 dicendum quod verbum prout erat in principio apud Deum, vivificat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1444 animas sicut agens principale, caro tamen eius, et mysteria in ea
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1445 perpetrata, operantur instrumentaliter ad animae vitam. Ad vitam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1446 autem corporis non solum instrumentaliter, sed etiam per quandam
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1447 exemplaritatem, ut supra dictum est.</p><p title="III q. 62 a. 5 ad 2"><a name="49678"><span class="ref">[49678] IIIª q. 62 a. 5 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1448 dicendum quod per fidem Christus habitat in nobis, ut dicitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1449 Ephes. III. Et ideo virtus Christi copulatur nobis per fidem.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1450 Virtus autem remissiva peccatorum speciali quodam modo pertinet ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1451 passionem ipsius. Et ideo per fidem passionis eius specialiter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1452 homines liberantur a peccatis, secundum illud Rom. III, <i>quem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1453 proposuit Deus propitiatorem per fidem in sanguine eius</i>. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1454 ideo virtus sacramentorum, quae ordinatur ad tollendum peccata,
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1455 praecipue est ex fide passionis Christi.</p><p title="III q. 62 a. 5 ad 3"><a name="49679"><span class="ref">[49679] IIIª q. 62 a. 5 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1456 dicendum quod iustificatio attribuitur resurrectioni ratione
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1457 termini ad quem, qui est novitas vitae per gratiam. Attribuitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1458 tamen passioni ratione termini a quo, scilicet quantum ad
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1459 dimissionem culpae.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 6</h3><p title="III q. 62 a. 6 arg. 1"><a name="49680"><span class="ref">[49680] IIIª q. 62 a. 6 arg. 1</span></a> Ad sextum sic
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1460 proceditur. Videtur quod sacramenta veteris legis gratiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1461 causarent. Quia sicut dictum est, sacramenta novae legis habent
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1462 efficaciam ex fide passionis Christi. Sed fides passionis Christi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1463 fuit in veteri lege, sicut et in nova, <i>habemus enim eundem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1464 spiritum fidei</i>, ut habetur II Cor. IV. Sicut ergo sacramenta
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1465 novae legis conferunt gratiam, ita etiam sacramenta veteris legis
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1466 gratiam conferebant.</p><p title="III q. 62 a. 6 arg. 2"><a name="49681"><span class="ref">[49681] IIIª q. 62 a. 6 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1467 sanctificatio non fit nisi per gratiam. Sed per sacramenta veteris
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1468 legis homines sanctificabantur, dicitur enim Levit. VIII, cumque
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1469 sanctificasset eos, Moyses scilicet Aaron et filios eius, in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1470 vestitu suo, et cetera. Ergo videtur quod sacramenta veteris legis
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1471 gratiam conferebant.</p><p title="III q. 62 a. 6 arg. 3"><a name="49682"><span class="ref">[49682] IIIª q. 62 a. 6 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1472 Beda dicit, in homilia circumcisionis, <i>idem salutiferae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1473 curationis auxilium circumcisio in lege contra originalis peccati
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1474 vulnus agebat quod Baptismus agere revelatae tempore gratiae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1475 consuevit</i>. Sed Baptismus nunc confert gratiam. Ergo circumcisio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1476 gratiam conferebat. Et pari ratione alia sacramenta legalia, quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1477 sicut Baptismus est ianua sacramentorum novae legis, ita
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1478 circumcisio erat ianua sacramentorum veteris legis; propter quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1479 apostolus dicit, Galat. V, <i>testificor omni circumcidenti se,
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1480 quoniam debitor est universae legis faciendae</i>.</p><p title="III q. 62 a. 6 s. c."><a name="49683"><span class="ref">[49683] IIIª q. 62 a. 6 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1481 quod dicitur Galat. IV, <i>convertimini iterum ad infirma et egena
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1482 elementa?</i> Glossa, <i>idest ad legem, quae dicitur infirma, quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1483 perfecte non iustificat</i>. Sed gratia perfecte iustificat. Ergo
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1484 sacramenta veteris legis gratiam non conferebant.</p><p title="III q. 62 a. 6 co."><a name="49684"><span class="ref">[49684] IIIª q. 62 a. 6 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1485 dicendum quod non potest dici quod sacramenta veteris legis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1486 conferrent gratiam iustificantem per seipsa, idest propria virtute,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1487 quia sic non fuisset necessaria passio Christi, secundum illud
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1488 Galat. II, <i>si ex lege est iustitia, Christus gratis mortuus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1489 est</i>. Sed nec potest dici quod ex passione Christi virtutem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1490 haberent conferendi gratiam iustificandi. Sicut enim ex praedictis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1491 patet, virtus passionis Christi copulatur nobis per fidem et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1492 sacramenta, differenter tamen, nam continuatio quae est per fidem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1493 fit per actum animae; continuatio autem quae est per sacramenta,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1494 fit per usum exteriorum rerum. Nihil autem prohibet id quod est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1495 posterius tempore, antequam sit, movere, secundum quod praecedit in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1496 actu animae, sicut finis, qui est posterior tempore, movet agentem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1497 secundum quod est apprehensus et desideratus ab ipso. Sed illud
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1498 quod nondum est in rerum natura, non movet secundum usum exteriorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1499 rerum. Unde causa efficiens non potest esse posterior in esse,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1500 ordine durationis, sicut causa finalis. Sic igitur manifestum est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1501 quod a passione Christi, quae est causa humanae iustificationis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1502 convenienter derivatur virtus iustificativa ad sacramenta novae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1503 legis, non autem ad sacramenta veteris legis. Et tamen per fidem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1504 passionis Christi iustificabantur antiqui patres, sicut et nos.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1505 Sacramenta autem veteris legis erant quaedam illius fidei
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1506 protestationes, inquantum significabant passionem Christi et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1507 effectus eius. Sic ergo patet quod sacramenta veteris legis non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1508 habebant in se aliquam virtutem qua operarentur ad conferendam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1509 gratiam iustificantem, sed solum significabant fidem, per quam
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1510 iustificabantur.</p><p title="III q. 62 a. 6 ad 1"><a name="49685"><span class="ref">[49685] IIIª q. 62 a. 6 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1511 dicendum quod antiqui patres habebant fidem de passione Christi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1512 futura, quae, secundum quod erat in apprehensione animae, poterat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1513 iustificare. Sed nos habemus fidem de passione Christi praecedenti,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1514 quae potest iustificare etiam secundum realem usum sacramentalium
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1515 rerum, ut dictum est.</p><p title="III q. 62 a. 6 ad 2"><a name="49686"><span class="ref">[49686] IIIª q. 62 a. 6 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1516 dicendum quod illa sanctificatio erat figuralis, per hoc enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1517 sanctificari dicebantur quod applicabantur cultui divino secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1518 ritum veteris legis, qui totus ordinabatur ad figurandum passionem
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1519 Christi.</p><p title="III q. 62 a. 6 ad 3"><a name="49687"><span class="ref">[49687] IIIª q. 62 a. 6 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1520 dicendum quod de circumcisione multiplex fuit opinio. Quidam enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1521 dixerunt quod per circumcisionem non conferebatur gratia, sed solum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1522 auferebatur peccatum. Sed hoc non potest esse, quia homo non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1523 iustificatur a peccato nisi per gratiam, secundum illud Rom. III,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1524 <i>iustificati gratis per gratiam ipsius</i>. Et ideo alii dixerunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1525 quod per circumcisionem conferebatur gratia quantum ad effectus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1526 remotivos culpae, sed non quantum ad effectus positivos. Sed hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1527 etiam videtur esse falsum. Quia per circumcisionem dabatur pueris
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1528 facultas perveniendi ad gloriam, quae est ultimus effectus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1529 positivus gratiae. Et praeterea, secundum ordinem causae formalis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1530 priores sunt naturaliter effectus positivi quam privativi, licet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1531 secundum ordinem causae materialis sit e converso, forma enim non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1532 excludit privationem nisi informando subiectum. Et ideo alii dicunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1533 quod circumcisio conferebat gratiam etiam quantum ad aliquem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1534 effectum positivum, qui est facere dignum vita aeterna, non tamen
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1535 quantum ad hoc quod est reprimere concupiscentiam impellentem ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1536 peccandum. Quod aliquando mihi visum est. Sed diligentius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1537 consideranti apparet hoc etiam non esse verum, quia minima gratia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1538 potest resistere cuilibet concupiscentiae et mereri vitam aeternam.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1539 Et ideo melius dicendum videtur quod circumcisio erat signum fidei
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1540 iustificantis, unde apostolus dicit, Rom. IV, quod <i>Abraham
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1541 accepit signum circumcisionis, signaculum iustitiae fidei</i>. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1542 ideo in circumcisione conferebatur gratia inquantum erat signum
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1543 passionis Christi futurae, ut infra patebit.</p></div></div><div class="q" id="q63"><h2>Quaestio 63</h2><div class="p"><h3>Prooemium</h3><p title="III q. 63 pr."><a name="49688"><span class="ref">[49688]
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1544 IIIª q. 63 pr.</span></a> Deinde considerandum est de alio
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1545 effectu sacramentorum, qui est character. Et circa hoc quaeruntur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1546 sex. Primo, utrum ex sacramentis causetur character aliquis in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1547 anima. Secundo, quid sit ille character. Tertio, cuius sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1548 character. Quarto, in quo sit sicut in subiecto. Quinto, utrum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1549 insit indelebiliter. Sexto, utrum omnia sacramenta imprimant
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1550 characterem.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 1</h3><p title="III q. 63 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="49689"><span class="ref">[49689] IIIª q. 63 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad primum sic
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1551 proceditur. Videtur quod sacramentum non imprimat aliquem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1552 characterem in anima. Character enim significare videtur quoddam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1553 signum distinctivum. Sed distinctio membrorum Christi ab aliis fit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1554 per aeternam praedestinationem, quae non ponit aliquid in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1555 praedestinato, sed solum in Deo praedestinante, ut in prima parte
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1556 habitum est, dicitur enim II ad Tim. II, <i>firmum fundamentum Dei
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1557 stat, habens signaculum hoc, novit dominus qui sunt eius</i>. Ergo
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1558 sacramenta non imprimunt characterem in anima.</p><p title="III q. 63 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="49690"><span class="ref">[49690] IIIª q. 63 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1559 character signum est distinctivum. Signum autem, ut Augustinus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1560 dicit, in II de Doct. Christ., <i>est quod, praeter speciem quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1561 ingerit sensibus, facit aliquid aliud in cognitionem venire</i>.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1562 Nihil autem est in anima quod aliquam speciem sensibus ingerat.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1563 Ergo videtur quod in anima non imprimatur aliquis character per
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1564 sacramenta.</p><p title="III q. 63 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="49691"><span class="ref">[49691] IIIª q. 63 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1565 sicut per sacramenta novae legis distinguitur fidelis ab infideli,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1566 ita etiam per sacramenta veteris legis. Sed sacramenta veteris
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1567 legis non imprimebant aliquem characterem, unde et dicuntur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1568 iustitiae carnis, secundum apostolum, ad Heb. IX. Ergo videtur quod
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1569 nec sacramenta novae legis.</p><p title="III q. 63 a. 1 s. c."><a name="49692"><span class="ref">[49692] IIIª q. 63 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1570 quod apostolus dicit, II Cor. I, <i>qui unxit nos, Deus est, et qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1571 signavit nos, et dedit pignus spiritus in cordibus nostris</i>. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1572 nihil aliud importat character quam quandam signationem. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1573 videtur quod Deus per sacramenta nobis suum characterem
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1574 imprimat.</p><p title="III q. 63 a. 1 co."><a name="49693"><span class="ref">[49693] IIIª q. 63 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1575 dicendum quod, sicut ex praedictis patet, sacramenta novae legis ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1576 duo ordinantur, videlicet ad remedium contra peccata; et ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1577 perficiendum animam in his quae pertinent ad cultum Dei secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1578 ritum Christianae vitae. Quicumque autem ad aliquid certum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1579 deputatur, consuevit ad illud consignari, sicut milites qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1580 adscribebantur ad militiam antiquitus solebant aliquibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1581 characteribus corporalibus insigniri, eo quod deputabantur ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1582 aliquid corporale. Et ideo, cum homines per sacramenta deputentur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1583 ad aliquid spirituale pertinens ad cultum Dei, consequens est quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1584 per ea fideles aliquo spirituali charactere insigniantur. Unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1585 Augustinus dicit, in II contra Parmenianum, <i>si militiae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1586 characterem in corpore suo non militans pavidus exhorruerit, et ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1587 clementiam imperatoris confugerit, ac, prece fusa et venia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1588 impetrata, militare iam coeperit, nunquid, homine liberato atque
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1589 correcto, character ille repetitur, ac non potius agnitus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1590 approbatur? An forte minus haerent sacramenta Christiana quam
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1591 corporalis haec nota?</i></p><p title="III q. 63 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="49694"><span class="ref">[49694] IIIª q. 63 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1592 dicendum quod fideles Christi ad praemium quidem futurae gloriae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1593 deputantur signaculo praedestinationis divinae. Sed ad actus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1594 convenientes praesenti Ecclesiae deputantur quodam spirituali
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1595 signaculo eis insignito, quod character nuncupatur.</p><p title="III q. 63 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="49695"><span class="ref">[49695] IIIª q. 63 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1596 dicendum quod character animae impressus habet rationem signi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1597 inquantum per sensibile sacramentum imprimitur, per hoc enim scitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1598 aliquis baptismali charactere insignitus, quod est ablutus aqua
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1599 sensibili. Nihilominus tamen character, vel signaculum, dici potest
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1600 per quandam similitudinem omne quod figurat alicui, vel distinguit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1601 ab alio, etiam si non sit sensibile, sicut Christus dicitur figura
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1602 vel character paternae substantiae, secundum apostolum, Heb. I.</p><p title="III q. 63 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="49696"><span class="ref">[49696] IIIª q. 63 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1603 dicendum quod, sicut supra dictum est, sacramenta veteris legis non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1604 habebant in se spiritualem virtutem ad aliquem spiritualem effectum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1605 operantem. Et ideo in illis sacramentis non requirebatur aliquis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1606 spiritualis character, sed sufficiebat ibi corporalis circumcisio,
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1607 quam apostolus signaculum nominat, Rom. IV.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 2</h3><p title="III q. 63 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="49697"><span class="ref">[49697] IIIª q. 63 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad secundum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1608 sic proceditur. Videtur quod character non sit spiritualis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1609 potestas. Character enim idem videtur esse quod figura, unde ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1610 Heb. I, ubi dicitur, figura substantiae eius, in Graeco habetur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1611 loco figurae character. Sed figura est in quarta specie qualitatis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1612 et ita differt a potestate, quae est in secunda specie qualitatis.
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1613 Character ergo non est spiritualis potestas.</p><p title="III q. 63 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="49698"><span class="ref">[49698] IIIª q. 63 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1614 Dionysius dicit, II cap. Eccles. Hier., quod <i>divina beatitudo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1615 accedentem ad beatitudinem in sui participationem recipit, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1616 proprio lumine, quasi quodam signo, ipsi tradit suam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1617 participationem</i>. Et sic videtur quod character sit quoddam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1618 lumen. Sed lumen pertinet magis ad tertiam speciem qualitatis. Non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1619 ergo character est potestas, quae videtur ad secundam speciem
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1620 qualitatis pertinere.</p><p title="III q. 63 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="49699"><span class="ref">[49699] IIIª q. 63 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea, a
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1621 quibusdam character sic definitur, <i>character est signum sanctum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1622 communionis fidei et sanctae ordinationis, datum a hierarcha</i>.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1623 Signum autem est in genere relationis, non autem in genere
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1624 potestatis. Non ergo character est spiritualis potestas.</p><p title="III q. 63 a. 2 arg. 4"><a name="49700"><span class="ref">[49700] IIIª q. 63 a. 2 arg. 4</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1625 potestas habet rationem causae et principii, ut patet in V
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1626 Metaphys. Sed signum, quod ponitur in definitione characteris,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1627 magis pertinet ad rationem effectus. Character ergo non est
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1628 spiritualis potestas.</p><p title="III q. 63 a. 2 s. c."><a name="49701"><span class="ref">[49701] IIIª q. 63 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1629 philosophus dicit, in II Ethic., <i>tria sunt in anima, potentia,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1630 habitus et passio</i>. Sed character non est passio, quia passio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1631 cito transit, character autem indelebilis est, ut infra dicetur.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1632 Similiter etiam non est habitus. Quia nullus habitus est qui se
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1633 possit ad bene et male habere. Character autem ad utrumque se
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1634 habet, utuntur enim eo quidam bene, alii vero male. Quod in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1635 habitibus non contingit, nam habitu virtutis nullus utitur male,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1636 habitu malitiae nullus bene. Ergo relinquitur quod character sit
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1637 potentia.</p><p title="III q. 63 a. 2 co."><a name="49702"><span class="ref">[49702] IIIª q. 63 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1638 dicendum quod, sicut dictum est, sacramenta novae legis characterem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1639 imprimunt inquantum per ea deputamur ad cultum Dei secundum ritum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1640 Christianae religionis. Unde Dionysius, in II cap. Eccles. Hier.,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1641 cum dixisset quod Deus quodam signo tradit sui participationem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1642 accedenti, subiungit, perficiens eum divinum et communicatorem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1643 divinorum. Divinus autem cultus consistit vel in recipiendo aliqua
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1644 divina, vel in tradendo aliis. Ad utrumque autem horum requiritur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1645 quaedam potentia, nam ad tradendum aliquid aliis, requiritur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1646 potentia activa; ad recipiendum autem requiritur potentia passiva.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1647 Et ideo character importat quandam potentiam spiritualem ordinatam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1648 ad ea quae sunt divini cultus. Sciendum tamen quod haec spiritualis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1649 potentia est instrumentalis, sicut supra dictum est de virtute quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1650 est in sacramentis. Habere enim sacramenti characterem competit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1651 ministris Dei, minister autem habet se per modum instrumenti, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1652 philosophus dicit, in I Polit. Et ideo, sicut virtus quae est in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1653 sacramentis, non est in genere per se, sed per reductionem, eo quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1654 est quiddam fluens et incompletum; ita etiam character non proprie
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1655 est in genere vel specie, sed reducitur ad secundam speciem
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1656 qualitatis.</p><p title="III q. 63 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="49703"><span class="ref">[49703] IIIª q. 63 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1657 dicendum quod figuratio est quaedam terminatio quantitatis. Unde,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1658 proprie loquendo, non est nisi in rebus corporeis, in spiritualibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1659 autem dicitur metaphorice. Non autem ponitur aliquid in genere vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1660 specie nisi per id quod de eo proprie praedicatur. Et ideo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1661 character non potest esse in quarta specie qualitatis, licet hoc
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1662 quidam posuerint.</p><p title="III q. 63 a. 2 ad 2"><a name="49704"><span class="ref">[49704] IIIª q. 63 a. 2 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1663 dicendum quod in tertia specie qualitatis non sunt nisi sensibiles
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1664 passiones, vel sensibiles qualitates. Character autem non est lumen
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1665 sensibile. Et ita non est in tertia specie qualitatis, ut quidam
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1666 dixerunt.</p><p title="III q. 63 a. 2 ad 3"><a name="49705"><span class="ref">[49705] IIIª q. 63 a. 2 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1667 dicendum quod relatio quae importatur in nomine signi, oportet quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1668 super aliquid fundetur. Non autem relatio huius signi quod est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1669 character, potest fundari immediate super essentiam animae, quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1670 sic conveniret omni animae naturaliter. Et ideo oportet aliquid
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1671 poni in anima super quod fundetur talis relatio. Et hoc est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1672 essentia characteris. Unde non oportebit quod sit in genere
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1673 relationis, sicut quidam posuerunt.</p><p title="III q. 63 a. 2 ad 4"><a name="49706"><span class="ref">[49706] IIIª q. 63 a. 2 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1674 dicendum quod character habet rationem signi per comparationem ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1675 sacramentum sensibile a quo imprimitur. Sed secundum se
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1676 consideratus, habet rationem principii, per modum iam dictum.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 3</h3><p title="III q. 63 a. 3 arg. 1"><a name="49707"><span class="ref">[49707] IIIª q. 63 a. 3 arg. 1</span></a> Ad tertium sic
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1677 proceditur. Videtur quod character sacramentalis non sit character
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1678 Christi. Dicitur enim Ephes. IV, <i>nolite contristare spiritum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1679 sanctum Dei, in quo signati estis</i>. Sed consignatio importatur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1680 in ratione characteris. Ergo character sacramentalis magis debet
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1681 attribui spiritui sancto quam Christo.</p><p title="III q. 63 a. 3 arg. 2"><a name="49708"><span class="ref">[49708] IIIª q. 63 a. 3 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1682 character habet rationem signi. Est autem signum gratiae quae per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1683 sacramentum confertur. Gratia autem infunditur animae a tota
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1684 Trinitate, unde dicitur in Psalmo, <i>gratiam et gloriam dabit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1685 dominus</i>. Ergo videtur quod character sacramentalis non debeat
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1686 specialiter attribui Christo.</p><p title="III q. 63 a. 3 arg. 3"><a name="49709"><span class="ref">[49709] IIIª q. 63 a. 3 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea, ad
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1687 hoc aliquis characterem accipit ut eo a ceteris distinguatur. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1688 distinctio sanctorum ab aliis fit per caritatem, quae <i>sola
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1689 distinguit inter filios regni et filios perditionis</i>, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1690 Augustinus dicit, XV de Trin., unde et ipsi perditionis filii
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1691 characterem bestiae habere dicuntur, ut patet Apoc. XIII. Caritas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1692 autem non attribuitur Christo, sed magis spiritui sancto, secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1693 illud Rom. V, <i>caritas Dei diffusa est in cordibus nostris per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1694 spiritum sanctum, qui datus est nobis</i>; vel etiam patri,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1695 secundum illud II Cor. ult., <i>gratia domini nostri Iesu Christi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1696 et caritas Dei</i>. Ergo videtur quod character sacramentalis non
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1697 sit attribuendus Christo.</p><p title="III q. 63 a. 3 s. c."><a name="49710"><span class="ref">[49710] IIIª q. 63 a. 3 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1698 quod quidam sic definiunt characterem, <i>character est distinctio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1699 a charactere aeterno impressa animae rationali, secundum imaginem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1700 consignans Trinitatem creatam Trinitati creanti et recreanti, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1701 distinguens a non configuratis, secundum statum fidei</i>. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1702 character aeternus est ipse Christus, secundum illud Heb. I, <i>qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1703 cum sit splendor gloriae et figura</i>, vel character,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1704 <i>substantiae eius</i>. Ergo videtur quod character proprie sit
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1705 attribuendus Christo.</p><p title="III q. 63 a. 3 co."><a name="49711"><span class="ref">[49711] IIIª q. 63 a. 3 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1706 dicendum quod, sicut ex supra dictis patet, character proprie est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1707 signaculum quoddam quo aliquid insignitur ut ordinandum in aliquem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1708 finem, sicut charactere insignitur denarius ad usum commutationum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1709 et milites charactere insigniuntur quasi ad militiam deputati. Homo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1710 autem fidelis ad duo deputatur. Primo quidem, et principaliter, ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1711 fruitionem gloriae. Et ad hoc insigniuntur signaculo gratiae,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1712 secundum illud Ezech. IX, <i>signa thau super frontes virorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1713 gementium et dolentium</i>; et Apoc. VII, <i>nolite nocere terrae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1714 et mari neque arboribus, quoadusque signemus servos Dei nostri in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1715 frontibus eorum</i>. Secundo autem deputatur quisque fidelis ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1716 recipiendum vel tradendum aliis ea quae pertinent ad cultum Dei. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1717 ad hoc proprie deputatur character sacramentalis. Totus autem ritus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1718 Christianae religionis derivatur a sacerdotio Christi. Et ideo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1719 manifestum est quod character sacramentalis specialiter est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1720 character Christi, cuius sacerdotio configurantur fideles secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1721 sacramentales characteres, qui nihil aliud sunt quam quaedam
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1722 participationes sacerdotii Christi, ab ipso Christo derivatae.</p><p title="III q. 63 a. 3 ad 1"><a name="49712"><span class="ref">[49712] IIIª q. 63 a. 3 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1723 dicendum quod apostolus ibi loquitur de configuratione secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1724 quam aliquis deputatur ad futuram gloriam, quae fit per gratiam.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1725 Quae spiritui sancto attribuitur, inquantum ex amore procedit quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1726 Deus nobis aliquid gratis largiatur, quod ad rationem gratiae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1727 pertinet, spiritus autem sanctus amor est. Unde et I ad Cor. XII
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1728 dicitur, <i>divisiones gratiarum sunt, idem autem spiritus</i>.</p><p title="III q. 63 a. 3 ad 2"><a name="49713"><span class="ref">[49713] IIIª q. 63 a. 3 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1729 dicendum quod character sacramentalis est res respectu sacramenti
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1730 exterioris, et est sacramentum respectu ultimi effectus. Et ideo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1731 dupliciter potest aliquid characteri attribui. Uno modo, secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1732 rationem sacramenti. Et hoc modo est signum invisibilis gratiae,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1733 quae in sacramento confertur. Alio modo, secundum characteris
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1734 rationem. Et hoc modo signum est configurativum alicui principali,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1735 apud quem residet auctoritas eius ad quod aliquis deputatur, sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1736 milites, qui deputantur ad pugnam, insigniuntur signo ducis, quo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1737 quodammodo ei configurantur. Et hoc modo illi qui deputantur ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1738 cultum Christianum, cuius auctor est Christus, characterem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1739 accipiunt quo Christo configurantur. Unde proprie est character
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1740 Christi.</p><p title="III q. 63 a. 3 ad 3"><a name="49714"><span class="ref">[49714] IIIª q. 63 a. 3 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1741 dicendum quod charactere distinguitur aliquis ab alio per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1742 comparationem ad aliquem finem in quem ordinatur qui characterem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1743 accipit, sicut dictum est de charactere militari, quo in ordine ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1744 pugnam distinguitur miles regis a milite hostis. Et similiter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1745 character fidelium est quo distinguuntur fideles Christi a servis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1746 Diaboli, vel in ordine ad vitam aeternam, vel in ordine ad cultum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1747 praesentis Ecclesiae. Quorum primum fit per caritatem et gratiam,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1748 ut obiectio procedit, secundum autem fit per characterem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1749 sacramentalem. Unde et character bestiae intelligi potest, per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1750 oppositum, vel obstinata malitia, qua aliqui deputantur ad poenam
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1751 aeternam; vel professio illiciti cultus.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 4</h3><p title="III q. 63 a. 4 arg. 1"><a name="49715"><span class="ref">[49715] IIIª q. 63 a. 4 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quartum sic
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1752 proceditur. Videtur quod character non sit in potentiis animae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1753 sicut in subiecto. Character enim dicitur esse dispositio ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1754 gratiam. Sed gratia est in essentia animae sicut in subiecto, ut in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1755 secunda parte dictum est. Ergo videtur quod character sit in
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1756 essentia animae, non autem in potentiis.</p><p title="III q. 63 a. 4 arg. 2"><a name="49716"><span class="ref">[49716] IIIª q. 63 a. 4 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1757 potentia animae non videtur esse subiectum alicuius nisi habitus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1758 vel dispositionis. Sed character, ut supra dictum est, non est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1759 habitus vel dispositio, sed magis potentia, cuius subiectum non est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1760 nisi essentia animae. Ergo videtur quod character non sit sicut in
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1761 subiecto in potentia animae, sed magis in essentia ipsius.</p><p title="III q. 63 a. 4 arg. 3"><a name="49717"><span class="ref">[49717] IIIª q. 63 a. 4 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1762 potentiae animae rationalis distinguuntur per cognitivas et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1763 appetitivas. Sed non potest dici quod character sit tantum in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1764 potentia cognoscitiva, nec etiam tantum in potentia appetitiva,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1765 quia non ordinatur neque ad cognoscendum tantum, neque ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1766 appetendum. Similiter etiam non potest dici quod sit in utraque,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1767 quia idem accidens non potest esse in diversis subiectis. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1768 videtur quod character non sit in potentia animae sicut in
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1769 subiecto, sed magis in essentia.</p><p title="III q. 63 a. 4 s. c."><a name="49718"><span class="ref">[49718] IIIª q. 63 a. 4 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1770 quod, sicut in praemissa definitione characteris continetur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1771 character imprimitur animae rationali secundum imaginem. Sed imago
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1772 Trinitatis in anima attenditur secundum potentias. Ergo character
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1773 in potentiis animae existit.</p><p title="III q. 63 a. 4 co."><a name="49719"><span class="ref">[49719] IIIª q. 63 a. 4 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1774 dicendum quod, sicut dictum est, character est quoddam signaculum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1775 quo anima insignitur ad suscipiendum vel aliis tradendum ea quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1776 sunt divini cultus. Divinus autem cultus in quibusdam actibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1777 consistit. Ad actus autem proprie ordinantur potentiae animae,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1778 sicut essentia ordinatur ad esse. Et ideo character non est sicut
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1779 in subiecto in essentia animae, sed in eius potentia.</p><p title="III q. 63 a. 4 ad 1"><a name="49720"><span class="ref">[49720] IIIª q. 63 a. 4 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1780 dicendum quod subiectum alicui accidenti attribuitur secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1781 rationem eius ad quod propinque disponit, non autem secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1782 rationem eius ad quod disponit remote vel indirecte. Character
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1783 autem directe quidem et propinque disponit animam ad ea quae sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1784 divini cultus exequenda, et quia haec idonee non fiunt sine auxilio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1785 gratiae, quia, ut dicitur Ioan. IV, <i>eos qui adorant Deum, in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1786 spiritu et veritate adorare oportet</i>, ex consequenti divina
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1787 largitas recipientibus characterem gratiam largitur, per quam digne
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1788 impleant ea ad quae deputantur. Et ideo characteri magis est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1789 attribuendum subiectum secundum rationem actuum ad divinum cultum
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1790 pertinentium, quam secundum rationem gratiae.</p><p title="III q. 63 a. 4 ad 2"><a name="49721"><span class="ref">[49721] IIIª q. 63 a. 4 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1791 dicendum quod essentia animae est subiectum potentiae naturalis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1792 quae ex principiis essentiae procedit. Talis autem potentia non est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1793 character, sed est quaedam spiritualis potentia ab extrinseco
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1794 adveniens. Unde, sicut essentia animae, per quam est naturalis vita
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1795 hominis, perficitur per gratiam, qua anima spiritualiter vivit; ita
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1796 potentia naturalis animae perficitur per spiritualem potentiam,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1797 quae est character. Habitus enim et dispositio pertinent ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1798 potentiam animae, eo quod ordinantur ad actus, quorum potentiae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1799 sunt principia. Et eadem ratione omne quod ad actum ordinatur, est
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1800 potentiae tribuendum.</p><p title="III q. 63 a. 4 ad 3"><a name="49722"><span class="ref">[49722] IIIª q. 63 a. 4 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1801 dicendum quod, sicut dictum est, character ordinatur ad ea quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1802 sunt divini cultus. Qui quidem est quaedam fidei protestatio per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1803 exteriora signa. Et ideo oportet quod character sit in cognitiva
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1804 potentia animae, in qua est fides.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 5</h3><p title="III q. 63 a. 5 arg. 1"><a name="49723"><span class="ref">[49723] IIIª q. 63 a. 5 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quintum sic
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1805 proceditur. Videtur quod character non insit animae indelebiliter.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1806 Quanto enim aliquod accidens est perfectius, tanto firmius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1807 inhaeret. Sed gratia est perfectior quam character, quia character
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1808 ordinatur ad gratiam sicut ad ulteriorem finem. Gratia autem
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1809 amittitur per peccatum. Ergo multo magis character.</p><p title="III q. 63 a. 5 arg. 2"><a name="49724"><span class="ref">[49724] IIIª q. 63 a. 5 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea, per
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1810 characterem aliquis deputatur divino cultui, sicut dictum est. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1811 aliqui a cultu divino transeunt ad contrarium cultum per apostasiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1812 a fide. Ergo videtur quod tales amittant characterem
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1813 sacramentalem.</p><p title="III q. 63 a. 5 arg. 3"><a name="49725"><span class="ref">[49725] IIIª q. 63 a. 5 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1814 cessante fine, cessare debet et id quod est ad finem, alioquin
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1815 frustra remaneret, sicut post resurrectionem non erit matrimonium,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1816 quia cessabit generatio, ad quam matrimonium ordinatur cultus autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1817 exterior, ad quem character ordinatur, non remanebit in patria, in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1818 qua nihil agetur in figura, sed totum in nuda veritate. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1819 character sacramentalis non remanet in perpetuum in anima. Et ita
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1820 non inest indelebiliter.</p><p title="III q. 63 a. 5 s. c."><a name="49726"><span class="ref">[49726] IIIª q. 63 a. 5 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1821 quod Augustinus dicit, in II contra Parmenianum, non minus haerent
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1822 sacramenta Christiana quam corporalis nota militiae. Sed character
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1823 militaris non repetitur, sed agnitus approbatur, in eo qui veniam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1824 meretur ab imperatore post culpam. Ergo nec character sacramentalis
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1825 deleri potest.</p><p title="III q. 63 a. 5 co."><a name="49727"><span class="ref">[49727] IIIª q. 63 a. 5 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1826 dicendum quod, sicut dictum est, character sacramentalis est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1827 quaedam participatio sacerdotii Christi in fidelibus eius, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1828 scilicet, sicut Christus habet plenam spiritualis sacerdotii
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1829 potestatem, ita fideles eius ei configurentur in hoc quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1830 participant aliquam spiritualem potestatem respectu sacramentorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1831 et eorum quae pertinent ad divinum cultum. Et propter hoc etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1832 Christo non competit habere characterem, sed potestas sacerdotii
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1833 eius comparatur ad characterem sicut id quod est plenum et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1834 perfectum ad aliquam sui participationem. Sacerdotium autem Christi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1835 est aeternum, secundum illud Psalmi, <i>tu es sacerdos in aeternum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1836 secundum ordinem Melchisedech</i>. Et inde est quod omnis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1837 sanctificatio quae fit per sacerdotium eius, est perpetua, re
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1838 consecrata manente. Quod patet etiam in rebus inanimatis, nam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1839 Ecclesiae vel altaris manet consecratio semper, nisi destruatur.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1840 Cum igitur anima sit subiectum characteris secundum intellectivam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1841 partem, in qua est fides, ut dictum est; manifestum est quod, sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1842 intellectus perpetuus est et incorruptibilis, ita character
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1843 indelebiliter manet in anima.</p><p title="III q. 63 a. 5 ad 1"><a name="49728"><span class="ref">[49728] IIIª q. 63 a. 5 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1844 dicendum quod aliter est in anima gratia, et aliter character. Nam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1845 gratia est in anima sicut quaedam forma habens esse completum in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1846 ea, character autem est in anima sicut quaedam virtus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1847 instrumentalis, ut supra dictum est. Forma autem completa est in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1848 subiecto secundum conditionem subiecti. Et quia anima est mutabilis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1849 secundum liberum arbitrium quandiu est in statu viae, consequens
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1850 est quod insit animae mutabiliter. Sed virtus instrumentalis magis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1851 attenditur secundum conditionem principalis agentis. Et ideo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1852 character indelebiliter inest animae, non propter sui perfectionem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1853 sed propter perfectionem sacerdotii Christi, a quo derivatur
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1854 character sicut quaedam instrumentalis virtus.</p><p title="III q. 63 a. 5 ad 2"><a name="49729"><span class="ref">[49729] IIIª q. 63 a. 5 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1855 dicendum quod, sicut ibidem Augustinus dicit, <i>nec ipsos
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1856 apostatas videmus carere Baptismate, quibus per poenitentiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1857 redeuntibus non restituitur, et ideo amitti non potuisse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1858 iudicatur</i>. Et huius ratio est quia character est virtus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1859 instrumentalis, ut dictum est, ratio autem instrumenti consistit in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1860 hoc quod ab alio moveatur, non autem in hoc quod ipsum se moveat,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1861 quod pertinet ad voluntatem. Et ideo, quantumcumque voluntas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1862 moveatur in contrarium, character non removetur, propter
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1863 immobilitatem principalis moventis.</p><p title="III q. 63 a. 5 ad 3"><a name="49730"><span class="ref">[49730] IIIª q. 63 a. 5 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1864 dicendum quod, quamvis post hanc vitam non remaneat exterior
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1865 cultus, remanet tamen finis illius cultus. Et ideo post hanc vitam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1866 remanet character, et in bonis ad eorum gloriam, et in malis ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1867 eorum ignominiam, sicut etiam militaris character remanet in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1868 militibus post adeptam victoriam, et in his qui vicerunt ad
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1869 gloriam, et in his qui sunt victi ad poenam.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 6</h3><p title="III q. 63 a. 6 arg. 1"><a name="49731"><span class="ref">[49731] IIIª q. 63 a. 6 arg. 1</span></a> Ad sextum sic
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1870 proceditur. Videtur quod per omnia sacramenta novae legis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1871 imprimatur character. Per omnia enim sacramenta novae legis fit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1872 aliquis particeps sacerdotii Christi. Sed character sacramentalis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1873 nihil est aliud quam participatio sacerdotii Christi, ut dictum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1874 est. Ergo videtur quod per omnia sacramenta novae legis imprimatur
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1875 character.</p><p title="III q. 63 a. 6 arg. 2"><a name="49732"><span class="ref">[49732] IIIª q. 63 a. 6 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1876 character se habet ad animam in qua est, sicut consecratio ad res
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1877 consecratas. Sed per quodlibet sacramentum novae legis homo recipit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1878 gratiam sanctificantem, ut supra dictum est. Ergo videtur quod per
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1879 quodlibet sacramentum novae legis imprimatur character.</p><p title="III q. 63 a. 6 arg. 3"><a name="49733"><span class="ref">[49733] IIIª q. 63 a. 6 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1880 character est res et sacramentum. Sed in quolibet sacramento novae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1881 legis est aliquid quod est res tantum, et aliquid quod est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1882 sacramentum tantum, et aliquid quod est res et sacramentum. Ergo
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1883 per quodlibet sacramentum novae legis imprimitur character.</p><p title="III q. 63 a. 6 s. c."><a name="49734"><span class="ref">[49734] IIIª q. 63 a. 6 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1884 quod sacramenta in quibus imprimitur character, non reiterantur, eo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1885 quod character est indelebilis, ut dictum est. Quaedam autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1886 sacramenta iterantur, sicut patet de poenitentia et matrimonio.
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1887 Ergo non omnia sacramenta imprimunt characterem.</p><p title="III q. 63 a. 6 co."><a name="49735"><span class="ref">[49735] IIIª q. 63 a. 6 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1888 dicendum quod, sicut supra dictum est, sacramenta novae legis ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1889 duo ordinantur, scilicet in remedium peccati, et ad cultum divinum.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1890 Est autem omnibus sacramentis commune quod per ea exhibetur aliquod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1891 remedium contra peccatum, per hoc quod gratiam conferunt. Non autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1892 omnia sacramenta ordinantur directe ad divinum cultum, sicut patet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1893 de poenitentia, per quam homo liberatur a peccato, non autem per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1894 hoc sacramentum exhibetur homini aliquid de novo pertinens ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1895 divinum cultum, sed restituitur in statum pristinum. Pertinet autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1896 aliquod sacramentum ad divinum cultum tripliciter, uno modo, per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1897 modum ipsius actionis; alio modo, per modum agentis; tertio modo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1898 per modum recipientis. Per modum quidem ipsius actionis pertinet ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1899 divinum cultum Eucharistia, in qua principaliter divinus cultus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1900 consistit, inquantum est Ecclesiae sacrificium. Et per hoc idem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1901 sacramentum non imprimitur homini character, quia per hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1902 sacramentum non ordinatur homo ad aliquid aliud ulterius agendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1903 vel recipiendum in sacramentis, cum potius sit <i>finis et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1904 consummatio omnium sacramentorum</i>, ut Dionysius dicit, III cap.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1905 Eccles. Hier. Continet tamen in seipso Christum, in quo non est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1906 character, sed tota sacerdotii plenitudo. Sed ad agentes in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1907 sacramentis pertinet sacramentum ordinis, quia per hoc sacramentum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1908 deputantur homines ad sacramenta aliis tradenda. Sed ad recipientes
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1909 pertinet sacramentum Baptismi, per quod homo accipit potestatem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1910 recipiendi alia Ecclesiae sacramenta, unde Baptismus dicitur esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1911 ianua sacramentorum. Ad idem etiam ordinatur quodammodo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1912 confirmatio, ut infra suo loco dicetur. Et ideo per haec tria
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1913 sacramenta character imprimitur, scilicet Baptismum, confirmationem
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1914 et ordinem.</p><p title="III q. 63 a. 6 ad 1"><a name="49736"><span class="ref">[49736] IIIª q. 63 a. 6 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1915 dicendum quod per omnia sacramenta fit homo particeps sacerdotii
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1916 Christi, utpote percipiens aliquem effectum eius, non tamen per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1917 omnia sacramenta aliquis deputatur ad agendum aliquid vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1918 recipiendum quod pertineat ad cultum sacerdotii Christi. Quod
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1919 quidem exigitur ad hoc quod sacramentum characterem imprimat.</p><p title="III q. 63 a. 6 ad 2"><a name="49737"><span class="ref">[49737] IIIª q. 63 a. 6 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1920 dicendum quod per omnia sacramenta sanctificatur homo, propter hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1921 quod sanctitas importat munditiam a peccato, quod fit per gratiam.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1922 Sed specialiter per quaedam sacramenta, quae characterem imprimunt,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1923 homo sanctificatur quadam consecratione, utpote deputatus ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1924 divinum cultum, sicut etiam res inanimatae sanctificari dicuntur
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1925 inquantum divino cultui deputantur.</p><p title="III q. 63 a. 6 ad 3"><a name="49738"><span class="ref">[49738] IIIª q. 63 a. 6 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1926 dicendum quod, licet character sit res et sacramentum, non tamen
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1927 oportet id quod est res et sacramentum, esse characterem. Quid
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1928 autem sit res et sacramentum in aliis sacramentis, infra
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1929 dicetur.</p></div></div><div class="q" id="q64"><h2>Quaestio 64</h2><div class="p"><h3>Prooemium</h3><p title="III q. 64 pr."><a name="49739"><span class="ref">[49739]
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1930 IIIª q. 64 pr.</span></a> Deinde considerandum est de causis
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1931 sacramentorum, sive per auctoritatem sive per ministerium. Et circa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1932 hoc quaeruntur decem. Primo, utrum solus Deus interius operetur in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1933 sacramentis. Secundo, utrum institutio sacramentorum sit solum a
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1934 Deo. Tertio, de potestate quam Christus habuit in sacramentis.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1935 Quarto, utrum illam potestatem potuerit aliis communicare. Quinto,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1936 utrum potestas ministerii in sacramentis conveniat malis. Sexto,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1937 utrum mali peccent dispensando sacramenta. Septimo, utrum Angeli
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1938 possint esse ministri sacramentorum. Octavo, utrum intentio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1939 ministri requiratur in sacramentis. Nono, utrum requiratur ibi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1940 recta fides; ita scilicet quod infidelis non possit tradere
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1941 sacramentum. Decimo, utrum requiratur ibi recta intentio.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 1</h3><p title="III q. 64 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="49740"><span class="ref">[49740] IIIª q. 64 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad primum sic
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1942 proceditur. Videtur quod non solus Deus, sed etiam minister,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1943 interius operetur ad effectum sacramenti. Interior enim effectus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1944 sacramenti est ut homo purgetur a peccatis, et illuminetur per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1945 gratiam. Sed ad ministros Ecclesiae pertinet purgare, illuminare et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1946 perficere, ut patet per Dionysium, in V cap. Coel. Hier. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1947 videtur quod non solus Deus, sed etiam ministri Ecclesiae operentur
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1948 ad sacramenti effectum.</p><p title="III q. 64 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="49741"><span class="ref">[49741] IIIª q. 64 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea, in
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1949 collatione sacramentorum quaedam orationum suffragia proponuntur.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1950 Sed orationes iustorum sunt magis apud Deum exaudibiles quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1951 quorumcumque, secundum illud Ioan. IX, <i>si quis Dei cultor est,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1952 et voluntatem Dei facit, hunc Deus exaudit</i>. Ergo videtur quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1953 maiorem effectum sacramenti consequitur ille qui recipit illum a
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1954 bono ministro. Sic ergo minister operatur aliquid ad interiorem
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1955 effectum, et non solus Deus.</p><p title="III q. 64 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="49742"><span class="ref">[49742] IIIª q. 64 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1956 dignior est homo quam res inanimata. Sed res inanimata aliquid
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1957 operatur ad effectum interiorem, <i>nam aqua corpus tangit et cor
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1958 abluit</i>, ut Augustinus dicit, super Ioan. Ergo homo aliquid
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1959 operatur ad interiorem effectum sacramenti, et non solus Deus.</p><p title="III q. 64 a. 1 s. c."><a name="49743"><span class="ref">[49743] IIIª q. 64 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1960 quod dicitur Rom. VIII, <i>Deus qui iustificat</i>. Cum igitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1961 interior effectus omnium sacramentorum sit iustificatio, videtur
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1962 quod solus Deus operetur interiorem effectum sacramenti.</p><p title="III q. 64 a. 1 co."><a name="49744"><span class="ref">[49744] IIIª q. 64 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1963 dicendum quod operari aliquem effectum contingit dupliciter, uno
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1964 modo, per modum principalis agentis; alio modo, per modum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1965 instrumenti. Primo igitur modo solus Deus operatur interiorem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1966 effectum sacramenti. Tum quia solus Deus illabitur animae, in qua
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1967 sacramenti effectus consistit. Non autem potest aliquid immediate
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1968 operari ubi non est. Tum quia gratia, quae est interior sacramenti
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1969 effectus, est a solo Deo, ut in secunda parte habitum est.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1970 Character etiam, qui est interior quorundam sacramentorum effectus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1971 est virtus instrumentalis, quae manat a principali agente, quod est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1972 Deus. Secundo autem modo homo potest operari ad interiorem effectum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1973 sacramenti, inquantum operatur per modum ministri. Nam eadem ratio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1974 est ministri et instrumenti, utriusque enim actio exterius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1975 adhibetur, sed sortitur effectum interiorem ex virtute principalis
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1976 agentis, quod est Deus.</p><p title="III q. 64 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="49745"><span class="ref">[49745] IIIª q. 64 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1977 dicendum quod purgatio, secundum quod attribuitur ministris
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1978 Ecclesiae, non est a peccato, sed dicuntur diaconi purgare,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1979 inquantum vel immundos eiiciunt a coetu fidelium, vel eos sacris
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1980 admonitionibus disponunt ad sacramentorum receptionem. Similiter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1981 etiam sacerdotes illuminare dicuntur sacrum populum, non quidem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1982 gratiam infundendo, sed sacramenta gratiae tradendo, ut patet per
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1983 Dionysium ibidem.</p><p title="III q. 64 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="49746"><span class="ref">[49746] IIIª q. 64 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1984 dicendum quod orationes quae dicuntur in sacramentorum collatione,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1985 proponuntur Deo non ex parte singularis personae, sed ex parte
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1986 totius Ecclesiae, cuius preces sunt apud Deum exaudibiles, secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1987 illud Matth. XVIII, <i>si duo ex vobis consenserint super terram de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1988 omni re quamcumque petierint, fiet eis a patre meo</i>. Nihil tamen
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1989 prohibet quin devotio viri iusti ad hoc aliquid operetur. Illud
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1990 tamen quod est sacramenti effectus, non impetratur oratione
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1991 Ecclesiae vel ministri, sed ex merito passionis Christi, cuius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1992 virtus operatur in sacramentis, ut dictum est. Unde effectus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1993 sacramenti non datur melior per meliorem ministrum. Aliquid tamen
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1994 annexum impetrari potest recipienti sacramentum per devotionem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1995 ministri, nec tamen minister operatur illud, sed impetrat operandum
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1996 a Deo.</p><p title="III q. 64 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="49747"><span class="ref">[49747] IIIª q. 64 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1997 dicendum quod res inanimatae non operantur ad interiorem effectum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1998 nisi instrumentaliter, ut dictum est. Et similiter homines non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1999 operantur ad sacramentorum effectum nisi per modum ministerii, ut
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2000 dictum est.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 2</h3><p title="III q. 64 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="49748"><span class="ref">[49748] IIIª q. 64 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad secundum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2001 sic proceditur. Videtur quod sacramenta non sint solum ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2002 institutione divina. Ea enim quae sunt divinitus instituta,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2003 traduntur nobis in sacra Scriptura. Sed quaedam aguntur in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2004 sacramentis de quibus nulla fit mentio in sacra Scriptura, puta de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2005 chrismate quo homines confirmantur, et de oleo quo sacerdotes
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2006 inunguntur, et de multis aliis, tam verbis quam factis, quibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2007 utimur in sacramentis. Non ergo sacramenta sunt solum ex
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2008 institutione divina.</p><p title="III q. 64 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="49749"><span class="ref">[49749] IIIª q. 64 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2009 sacramenta sunt quaedam signa. Res autem sensibiles naturaliter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2010 quaedam significant. Nec potest dici quod Deus quibusdam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2011 significationibus delectetur, et non aliis, quia ipse omnia quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2012 fecit approbat. Hoc autem proprium videtur esse Daemonum, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2013 quibusdam signis ad aliquid alliciantur, dicit enim Augustinus, XXI
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2014 de Civ. Dei, <i>illiciuntur Daemones per creaturas, quas non ipsi,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2015 sed Deus condidit, delectabilibus pro sua diversitate diversis, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2016 ut animalia cibis, sed ut spiritus signis</i>. Non ergo videtur
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2017 quod sacramenta indigeant esse ex institutione divina.</p><p title="III q. 64 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="49750"><span class="ref">[49750] IIIª q. 64 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2018 apostoli vicem Dei gesserunt in terris, unde apostolus dicit, II
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2019 Cor. II, <i>nam et ego quod donavi, si quid donavi, propter vos in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2020 persona Christi</i>, idest, ac si ipse Christus donasset. Sic ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2021 videtur quod apostoli, et eorum successores, possint nova
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2022 sacramenta instituere.</p><p title="III q. 64 a. 2 s. c."><a name="49751"><span class="ref">[49751] IIIª q. 64 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2023 quod ille instituit aliquid qui dat ei robur et virtutem, sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2024 patet de institutoribus legum. Sed virtus sacramenti est a solo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2025 Deo, ut ex dictis patet. Ergo solus Deus potest instituere
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2026 sacramentum.</p><p title="III q. 64 a. 2 co."><a name="49752"><span class="ref">[49752] IIIª q. 64 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2027 dicendum quod, sicut ex supra dictis patet, sacramenta
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2028 instrumentaliter operantur ad spirituales effectus. Instrumentum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2029 autem habet virtutem a principali agente. Agens autem respectu
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2030 sacramenti est duplex, scilicet instituens sacramentum; et utens
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2031 sacramento instituto, applicando scilicet ipsum ad inducendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2032 effectum. Virtus autem sacramenti non potest esse ab eo qui utitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2033 sacramento, quia non operatur nisi per modum ministerii. Unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2034 relinquitur quod virtus sacramenti sit ab eo qui instituit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2035 sacramentum. Cum igitur virtus sacramenti sit a solo Deo,
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2036 consequens est quod solus Deus sit sacramentorum institutor.</p><p title="III q. 64 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="49753"><span class="ref">[49753] IIIª q. 64 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2037 dicendum quod illa quae aguntur in sacramentis per homines
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2038 instituta, non sunt de necessitate sacramenti, sed ad quandam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2039 solemnitatem, quae adhibetur sacramentis ad excitandam devotionem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2040 et reverentiam in his qui sacramenta suscipiunt. Ea vero quae sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2041 de necessitate sacramenti, sunt ab ipso Christo instituta, qui est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2042 Deus et homo. Et licet non omnia sint tradita in Scripturis, habet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2043 tamen ea Ecclesia ex familiari apostolorum traditione, sicut
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2044 apostolus dicit, I Cor. XI, <i>cetera cum venero disponam</i>.</p><p title="III q. 64 a. 2 ad 2"><a name="49754"><span class="ref">[49754] IIIª q. 64 a. 2 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2045 dicendum quod res sensibiles aptitudinem quandam habent ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2046 significandum spirituales effectus ex sui natura, sed ista aptitudo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2047 determinatur ad specialem significationem ex institutione divina.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2048 Et hoc est quod Hugo de sancto Victore dicit, quod <i>sacramentum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2049 ex institutione significat</i>. Praeelegit tamen Deus quasdam res
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2050 aliis ad significationes sacramentales, non quia ad eas contrahatur
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2051 eius affectus, sed ut sit convenientior significatio.</p><p title="III q. 64 a. 2 ad 3"><a name="49755"><span class="ref">[49755] IIIª q. 64 a. 2 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2052 dicendum quod apostoli, et eorum successores, sunt vicarii Dei
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2053 quantum ad regimen Ecclesiae institutae per fidem et fidei
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2054 sacramenta. Unde, sicut non licet eis constituere aliam Ecclesiam,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2055 ita non licet eis tradere aliam fidem, neque instituere alia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2056 sacramenta, sed per <i>sacramenta quae de latere Christi pendentis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2057 in cruce fluxerunt</i>, dicitur esse fabricata Ecclesia
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2058 Christi.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 3</h3><p title="III q. 64 a. 3 arg. 1"><a name="49756"><span class="ref">[49756] IIIª q. 64 a. 3 arg. 1</span></a> Ad tertium sic
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2059 proceditur. Videtur quod Christus, secundum quod homo, habuit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2060 potestatem operandi interiorem effectum sacramentorum dicit enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2061 Ioannes Baptista, ut habetur Ioan. I, <i>qui me misit baptizare in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2062 aqua, ille mihi dixit, super quem videris spiritum descendentem et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2063 manentem super eum, hic est qui baptizat in spiritu sancto</i>. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2064 baptizare in spiritu sancto est interius gratiam spiritus sancti
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2065 conferre. Spiritus autem sanctus descendit super Christum inquantum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2066 homo, non inquantum Deus, quia sic ipse dat spiritum sanctum. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2067 videtur quod Christus, secundum quod homo, habuit potestatem
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2068 interiorem effectum sacramentorum causandi.</p><p title="III q. 64 a. 3 arg. 2"><a name="49757"><span class="ref">[49757] IIIª q. 64 a. 3 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2069 Matth. IX dominus dicit, <i>sciatis quod filius hominis habet in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2070 terra potestatem dimittendi peccata</i>. Sed remissio peccatorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2071 est interior effectus sacramenti. Ergo videtur quod Christus,
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2072 secundum quod homo, interiorem effectum sacramentorum operatur.</p><p title="III q. 64 a. 3 arg. 3"><a name="49758"><span class="ref">[49758] IIIª q. 64 a. 3 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2073 institutio sacramentorum pertinet ad eum qui tanquam principale
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2074 agens operatur ad interiorem sacramenti effectum. Manifestum est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2075 autem quod Christus sacramenta instituit. Ergo ipse est qui
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2076 interius operatur sacramentorum effectum.</p><p title="III q. 64 a. 3 arg. 4"><a name="49759"><span class="ref">[49759] IIIª q. 64 a. 3 arg. 4</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2077 nullus potest sine sacramento effectum sacramenti conferre, nisi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2078 propria virtute sacramenti effectum operetur. Sed Christus sine
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2079 sacramento contulit sacramenti effectum, ut patet in Magdalena, cui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2080 dixit, <i>dimittuntur tibi peccata</i>. Ergo videtur quod Christus,
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2081 secundum quod homo, operetur interiorem sacramenti effectum.</p><p title="III q. 64 a. 3 arg. 5"><a name="49760"><span class="ref">[49760] IIIª q. 64 a. 3 arg. 5</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2082 illud in cuius virtute sacramentum operatur, est principale agens
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2083 ad interiorem effectum. Sed sacramenta habent virtutem ex passione
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2084 Christi et invocatione nominis eius, secundum illud I Cor. I,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2085 <i>nunquid Paulus pro vobis crucifixus est? Aut in nomine Pauli
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2086 baptizati estis?</i> Ergo Christus, inquantum homo, operatur
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2087 interiorem sacramenti effectum.</p><p title="III q. 64 a. 3 s. c."><a name="49761"><span class="ref">[49761] IIIª q. 64 a. 3 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2088 quod Augustinus dicit, <i>in sacramentis divina virtus secretius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2089 operatur salutem</i>. Divina autem virtus est Christi secundum quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2090 est Deus, non autem secundum quod est homo. Ergo Christus non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2091 operatur interiorem sacramenti effectum secundum quod est homo, sed
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2092 secundum quod est Deus.</p><p title="III q. 64 a. 3 co."><a name="49762"><span class="ref">[49762] IIIª q. 64 a. 3 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2093 dicendum quod interiorem sacramentorum effectum operatur Christus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2094 et secundum quod est Deus, et secundum quod est homo, aliter tamen
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2095 et aliter. Nam secundum quod est Deus, operatur in sacramentis per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2096 auctoritatem. Secundum autem quod est homo, operatur ad interiores
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2097 effectus sacramentorum meritorie, et efficienter, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2098 instrumentaliter. Dictum est enim quod passio Christi, quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2099 competit ei secundum humanam naturam, causa est nostrae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2100 iustificationis et meritorie, et effective, non quidem per modum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2101 principalis agentis, sive per auctoritatem, sed per modum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2102 instrumenti, inquantum humanitas est instrumentum divinitatis eius,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2103 ut supra dictum est. Sed tamen, quia est instrumentum coniunctum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2104 divinitati in persona, habet quandam principalitatem et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2105 causalitatem respectu instrumentorum extrinsecorum, qui sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2106 ministri Ecclesiae et ipsa sacramenta, ut ex supra dictis patet. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2107 ideo, sicut Christus, inquantum Deus, habet potestatem auctoritatis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2108 in sacramentis, ita, inquantum homo, habet potestatem ministerii
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2109 principalis, sive potestatem excellentiae. Quae quidem consistit in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2110 quatuor. Primo quidem, in hoc quod meritum et virtus passionis eius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2111 operatur in sacramentis, ut supra dictum est. Et quia virtus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2112 passionis copulatur nobis per fidem, secundum illud Rom. III,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2113 <i>quem proposuit Deus propitiatorem per fidem in sanguine
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2114 eius</i>, quam fidem per invocationem nominis Christi protestamur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2115 ideo, secundo, ad potestatem excellentiae quam Christus habet in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2116 sacramentis, pertinet quod in eius nomine sacramenta
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2117 sanctificantur. Et quia ex institutione sacramenta virtutem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2118 obtinent, inde est quod, tertio, ad excellentiam potestatis Christi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2119 pertinet quod ipse, qui dedit virtutem sacramentis, potuit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2120 instituere sacramenta. Et quia causa non dependet ab effectu, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2121 potius e converso, quarto, ad excellentiam potestatis Christi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2122 pertinet quod ipse potuit effectum sacramentorum sine exteriori
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2123 sacramento conferre.</p><p title="III q. 64 a. 3 ad 1"><a name="49763"><span class="ref">[49763] IIIª q. 64 a. 3 ad 1</span></a> Et per hoc patet
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2124 responsio ad obiecta, utraque enim pars obiectionum vera est, ut
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2125 dictum est, secundum aliquid.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 4</h3><p title="III q. 64 a. 4 arg. 1"><a name="49764"><span class="ref">[49764] IIIª q. 64 a. 4 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quartum sic
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2126 proceditur. Videtur quod Christus potestatem suam quam habuit in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2127 sacramentis, non potuerit ministris communicare. Ut enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2128 argumentatur Augustinus, contra Maximinum, <i>si potuit et non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2129 voluit, invidus fuit</i>. Sed invidia longe fuit a Christo, in quo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2130 fuit summa plenitudo caritatis. Ergo, cum Christus non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2131 communicaverit suam potestatem ministris, videtur quod non potuerit
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2132 communicare.</p><p title="III q. 64 a. 4 arg. 2"><a name="49765"><span class="ref">[49765] IIIª q. 64 a. 4 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2133 super illud Ioan. XIV, <i>maiora horum faciet</i>, dicit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2134 Augustinus, prorsus maius hoc esse dixerim, scilicet ut ex impio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2135 iustus fiat, quam creare caelum et terram. Sed Christus non potuit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2136 communicare suis discipulis quod crearent caelum et terram. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2137 neque quod iustificent impium. Cum igitur iustificatio impii fiat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2138 per potestatem Christi quam habet in sacramentis, videtur quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2139 potestatem suam quam habet in sacramentis, non potuerit ministris
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2140 communicare.</p><p title="III q. 64 a. 4 arg. 3"><a name="49766"><span class="ref">[49766] IIIª q. 64 a. 4 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2141 Christo inquantum est caput Ecclesiae, competit ut ab ipso gratia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2142 derivetur ad alios, secundum illud Ioan. I, <i>de plenitudine eius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2143 omnes accepimus</i>. Sed hoc non fuit aliis communicabile, quia sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2144 Ecclesia esset monstruosa, multa capita habens. Ergo videtur quod
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2145 Christus suam potestatem non potuerit ministris communicare.</p><p title="III q. 64 a. 4 s. c."><a name="49767"><span class="ref">[49767] IIIª q. 64 a. 4 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2146 quod, super illud Ioan. I, <i>ego nesciebam eum</i>, dicit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2147 Augustinus quod <i>non noverat potestatem Baptismi ipsum dominum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2148 habiturum et sibi retenturum</i>. Hoc autem non ignorasset Ioannes
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2149 si talis potestas communicabilis non esset. Potuit ergo potestatem
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2150 suam Christus ministris communicare.</p><p title="III q. 64 a. 4 co."><a name="49768"><span class="ref">[49768] IIIª q. 64 a. 4 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2151 dicendum quod, sicut dictum est, Christus in sacramentis habuit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2152 duplicem potestatem. Unam auctoritatis, quae competit ei secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2153 quod Deus. Et talis potestas nulli creaturae potuit communicari,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2154 sicut nec divina essentia. Aliam potestatem habuit excellentiae,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2155 quae competit ei secundum quod homo. Et talem potestatem potuit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2156 ministris communicare, dando scilicet eis tantam gratiae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2157 plenitudinem ut eorum meritum operaretur ad sacramentorum effectus;
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2158 ut ad invocationem nominum ipsorum sanctificarentur sacramenta; et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2159 ut ipsi possent sacramenta instituere; et sine ritu sacramentorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2160 effectum conferre solo imperio. Potest enim instrumentum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2161 coniunctum, quanto fuerit fortius, tanto magis virtutem suam
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2162 instrumento separato tribuere, sicut manus baculo.</p><p title="III q. 64 a. 4 ad 1"><a name="49769"><span class="ref">[49769] IIIª q. 64 a. 4 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2163 dicendum quod Christus non ex invidia praetermisit potestatem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2164 excellentiae ministris communicare, sed propter fidelium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2165 utilitatem, ne in homine spem ponerent, et essent diversa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2166 sacramenta, ex quibus divisio in Ecclesia oriretur; sicut apud
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2167 illos qui dicebant, <i>ego sum Pauli, ego autem Apollo, ego vero
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2168 Cephae</i>, ut dicitur I Cor. I.</p><p title="III q. 64 a. 4 ad 2"><a name="49770"><span class="ref">[49770] IIIª q. 64 a. 4 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2169 dicendum quod obiectio illa procedit de potestate auctoritatis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2170 quae convenit Christo secundum quod est Deus. Licet et potestas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2171 excellentiae possit auctoritas nominari per comparationem ad alios
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2172 ministros. Unde super illud I Cor. I, <i>divisus est Christus?</i>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2173 Dicit Glossa quod <i>potuit eis dare auctoritatem Baptismi, quibus
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2174 contulit ministerium</i>.</p><p title="III q. 64 a. 4 ad 3"><a name="49771"><span class="ref">[49771] IIIª q. 64 a. 4 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2175 dicendum quod ad hoc inconveniens evitandum, ne scilicet multa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2176 capita in Ecclesia essent, Christus noluit potestatem suae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2177 excellentiae ministris communicare. Si tamen communicasset, ipse
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2178 esset caput principaliter, alii vero secundario.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 5</h3><p title="III q. 64 a. 5 arg. 1"><a name="49772"><span class="ref">[49772] IIIª q. 64 a. 5 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quintum sic
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2179 proceditur. Videtur quod per malos ministros sacramenta conferri
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2180 non possint. Sacramenta enim novae legis ordinantur ad emundationem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2181 culpae et collationem gratiae. Sed mali, cum sint immundi, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2182 possunt alios a peccato mundare, secundum illud Eccli. XXXIV, <i>ab
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2183 immundo quis mundabitur?</i> Et etiam, cum gratiam non habeant, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2184 videtur quod gratiam conferre possint, quia nullus dat quod non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2185 habet. Non ergo videtur quod per malos sacramenta conferri
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2186 possint.</p><p title="III q. 64 a. 5 arg. 2"><a name="49773"><span class="ref">[49773] IIIª q. 64 a. 5 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2187 tota virtus sacramentorum derivatur a Christo, ut dictum est. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2188 mali sunt praecisi a Christo, quia non habent caritatem, per quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2189 membra capiti uniuntur, secundum illud I Ioan. IV, <i>qui manet in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2190 caritate, in Deo manet, et Deus in eo</i>. Ergo videtur quod per
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2191 malos sacramenta conferri non possint.</p><p title="III q. 64 a. 5 arg. 3"><a name="49774"><span class="ref">[49774] IIIª q. 64 a. 5 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea, si
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2192 desit aliquid horum quae debitum est esse in sacramentis, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2193 perficitur sacramentum, sicut si desit debita forma vel materia.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2194 Sed debitus minister sacramenti est ille qui caret macula peccati,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2195 secundum illud Levit. XXI, <i>homo de semine tuo per familias qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2196 habuit maculam, non offeret panes Deo tuo, nec accedet ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2197 ministerium eius</i>. Ergo videtur quod, si minister sit malus,
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2198 nihil efficiatur in sacramento.</p><p title="III q. 64 a. 5 s. c."><a name="49775"><span class="ref">[49775] IIIª q. 64 a. 5 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2199 quod Augustinus dicit, super illud Ioan. I, <i>super quem videris
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2200 spiritum etc., quod non noverat Ioannes potestatem Baptismi ipsum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2201 dominum habiturum et sibi retenturum, sed ministerium plane
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2202 transiturum in bonos et malos. Quid tibi facit malus minister, ubi
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2203 bonus est dominus?</i></p><p title="III q. 64 a. 5 co."><a name="49776"><span class="ref">[49776] IIIª q. 64 a. 5 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2204 dicendum quod, sicut dictum est, ministri Ecclesiae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2205 instrumentaliter operantur in sacramentis, eo quod quodammodo eadem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2206 est ratio ministri et instrumenti. Sicut autem supra dictum est,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2207 instrumentum non agit secundum propriam formam, sed secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2208 virtutem eius a quo movetur. Et ideo accidit instrumento, inquantum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2209 est instrumentum, qualemcumque formam vel virtutem habeat, praeter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2210 id quod exigitur ad rationem instrumenti, sicut quod corpus medici,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2211 quod est instrumentum animae habentis artem, sit sanum vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2212 infirmum; et sicut quod fistula per quam transit aqua, sit argentea
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2213 vel plumbea. Unde ministri Ecclesiae possunt sacramenta conferre
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2214 etiam si sint mali.</p><p title="III q. 64 a. 5 ad 1"><a name="49777"><span class="ref">[49777] IIIª q. 64 a. 5 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2215 dicendum quod ministri Ecclesiae neque a peccatis mundant homines
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2216 ad sacramenta accedentes, neque gratiam conferunt, sua virtute, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2217 hoc facit Christus sua potestate per eos sicut per quaedam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2218 instrumenta. Et ideo effectus consequitur in suscipientibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2219 sacramenta non secundum similitudinem ministrorum, sed secundum
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2220 configurationem ad Christum.</p><p title="III q. 64 a. 5 ad 2"><a name="49778"><span class="ref">[49778] IIIª q. 64 a. 5 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2221 dicendum quod per caritatem membra Christi uniuntur suo capiti ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2222 ab eo vitam recipiant, quia, ut dicitur I Ioan. III, <i>qui non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2223 diligit, manet in morte</i>. Potest autem aliquis operari per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2224 instrumentum carens vita, et a se separatum quantum ad corporis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2225 unionem, dummodo sit coniunctum per quandam motionem, aliter enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2226 operatur artifex per manum, et aliter per securim. Sic igitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2227 Christus operatur in sacramentis et per malos, tanquam per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2228 instrumenta carentia vita; et per bonos, tanquam per membra
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2229 viventia.</p><p title="III q. 64 a. 5 ad 3"><a name="49779"><span class="ref">[49779] IIIª q. 64 a. 5 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2230 dicendum quod aliquid est debitum esse in sacramento dupliciter.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2231 Uno modo, sicut existens de necessitate sacramenti. Quod quidem si
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2232 desit, non perficitur sacramentum, sicut si desit debita forma vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2233 debita materia. Alio modo est aliquid debitum esse in sacramento
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2234 secundum quandam decentiam. Et hoc modo debitum est ut ministri
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2235 sacramentorum sint boni.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 6</h3><p title="III q. 64 a. 6 arg. 1"><a name="49780"><span class="ref">[49780] IIIª q. 64 a. 6 arg. 1</span></a> Ad sextum sic
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2236 proceditur. Videtur quod mali ministrantes sacramenta non peccent.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2237 Sicut enim ministratur Deo in sacramentis, ita per opera caritatis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2238 unde dicitur Heb. ult., <i>beneficentiae et communionis nolite
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2239 oblivisci, talibus enim hostiis promeretur Deus</i>. Sed mali non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2240 peccant si ministrent Deo in operibus caritatis, quinimmo hoc est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2241 consulendum, secundum illud Dan. IV, <i>consilium meum regi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2242 placeat, peccata tua eleemosynis redime</i>. Ergo videtur quod mali
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2243 non peccent in sacramentis ministrando.</p><p title="III q. 64 a. 6 arg. 2"><a name="49781"><span class="ref">[49781] IIIª q. 64 a. 6 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2244 quicumque communicat alicui in peccato, etiam ipse est reus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2245 peccati, secundum illud Rom. I, <i>dignus est morte non solum qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2246 peccatum agit, sed etiam qui consentit facientibus</i>. Sed si mali
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2247 ministri peccent sacramenta ministrando, illi qui ab eis sacramenta
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2248 recipiunt, eis in peccato communicant. Ergo etiam ipsi peccarent.
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2249 Quod videtur inconveniens.</p><p title="III q. 64 a. 6 arg. 3"><a name="49782"><span class="ref">[49782] IIIª q. 64 a. 6 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2250 nullus videtur esse perplexus, quia sic homo cogeretur desperare,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2251 quasi non posset peccatum evadere. Sed si mali peccarent sacramenta
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2252 tradendo, essent perplexi, quia etiam quandoque peccarent si
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2253 sacramenta non traderent, puta cum eis ex officio incumbit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2254 necessitas; dicitur enim I Cor. IX, <i>vae mihi est si non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2255 evangelizavero, necessitas enim mihi incumbit</i>. Quandoque etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2256 propter periculum, sicut si puer, in periculo mortis existens,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2257 offeratur alicui peccatori baptizandus. Ergo videtur quod mali non
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2258 peccent sacramenta ministrando.</p><p title="III q. 64 a. 6 s. c."><a name="49783"><span class="ref">[49783] IIIª q. 64 a. 6 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2259 quod Dionysius dicit, I cap. Eccles. Hier., quod <i>malis non est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2260 fas neque tangere symbola</i>, idest sacramentalia signa. Et in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2261 epistola ad Demophilum dicit, <i>talis, scilicet peccator, audax
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2262 videtur sacerdotalibus manum imponens; et non timet neque
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2263 verecundatur, divina praeter dignitatem exequens, et Deum putans
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2264 ignorare quod ipse in seipso cognovit; et decipere existimat falso
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2265 nomine patrem ab ipso appellatum; et audet immundas infamias non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2266 dicam orationes, super divina signa Christiformiter
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2267 enuntiare</i>.</p><p title="III q. 64 a. 6 co."><a name="49784"><span class="ref">[49784] IIIª q. 64 a. 6 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2268 dicendum quod aliquis in agendo peccat ex hoc quod operatur non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2269 secundum quod oportet, ut patet per philosophum, in libro
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2270 Ethicorum. Dictum est autem conveniens esse ut sacramentorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2271 ministri sint iusti, quia ministri debent domino conformari,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2272 secundum illud Levit. XIX, <i>sancti eritis, quoniam ego sanctus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2273 sum</i>; et Eccli. X, <i>secundum iudicem populi, sic et ministri
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2274 eius</i>. Et ideo non est dubium quin mali exhibentes se ministros
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2275 Dei et Ecclesiae in dispensatione sacramentorum, peccent. Et quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2276 hoc peccatum pertinet ad irreverentiam Dei et contaminationem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2277 sanctorum, quantum est ex parte ipsius hominis peccatoris, licet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2278 sancta secundum seipsa incontaminabilia sint, consequens est quod
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2279 tale peccatum ex genere suo est mortale.</p><p title="III q. 64 a. 6 ad 1"><a name="49785"><span class="ref">[49785] IIIª q. 64 a. 6 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2280 dicendum quod opera caritatis non sunt aliqua consecratione
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2281 sanctificata, sed ipsa pertinent ad iustitiae sanctitatem sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2282 quaedam iustitiae partes. Et ideo homo qui se exhibet Deo ministrum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2283 in operibus caritatis, si sit iustus, amplius sanctificabitur, si
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2284 vero sit peccator, per hoc ad sanctitatem disponitur. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2285 sacramenta in seipsis sanctificationem quandam habent per mysticam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2286 consecrationem. Et ideo praeexigitur in ministro sanctitas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2287 iustitiae, ut congruat suo ministerio. Et ideo incongrue agit et
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2288 peccat, si in peccato existens ad tale ministerium accedat.</p><p title="III q. 64 a. 6 ad 2"><a name="49786"><span class="ref">[49786] IIIª q. 64 a. 6 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2289 dicendum quod ille qui ad sacramenta accedit, suscipit quidem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2290 sacramentum a ministro Ecclesiae, non inquantum est talis persona,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2291 sed inquantum est Ecclesiae minister. Et ideo, quandiu ab Ecclesia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2292 toleratur in ministerio, ille qui ab eo suscipit sacramentum, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2293 communicat peccato eius, sed communicat Ecclesiae, quae eum tanquam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2294 ministrum exhibet. Si vero ab Ecclesia non toleretur, puta cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2295 degradatur vel excommunicatur vel suspenditur, peccat qui ab eo
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2296 accipit sacramentum, quia communicat peccato ipsius.</p><p title="III q. 64 a. 6 ad 3"><a name="49787"><span class="ref">[49787] IIIª q. 64 a. 6 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2297 dicendum quod ille qui est in peccato mortali, non est perplexus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2298 simpliciter, si ex officio ei incumbat sacramenta dispensare, quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2299 potest poenitere de peccato et licite ministrare. Non est autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2300 inconveniens quod sit perplexus supposito quodam, scilicet quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2301 velit remanere in peccato. In articulo tamen necessitatis non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2302 peccaret baptizando in casu in quo etiam posset laicus dispensare.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2303 Sic enim patet quod non exhibet se ministrum Ecclesiae, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2304 subvenit necessitatem patienti. Secus autem est in aliis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2305 sacramentis, quae non sunt tantae necessitatis sicut Baptismus, ut
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2306 infra patebit.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 7</h3><p title="III q. 64 a. 7 arg. 1"><a name="49788"><span class="ref">[49788] IIIª q. 64 a. 7 arg. 1</span></a> Ad septimum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2307 sic proceditur. Videtur quod Angeli possent sacramenta ministrare.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2308 Quidquid enim potest minister inferior, potest et superior, sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2309 quidquid potest diaconus, potest et sacerdos, sed non convertitur.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2310 Sed Angeli sunt superiores ministri in ordine hierarchico quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2311 etiam quicumque homines, ut patet per Dionysium, in libro Cael.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2312 Hier. Ergo, cum homines possint ministrare in sacramentis, videtur
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2313 quod multo magis Angeli.</p><p title="III q. 64 a. 7 arg. 2"><a name="49789"><span class="ref">[49789] IIIª q. 64 a. 7 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2314 homines sancti assimilantur Angelis in caelo, ut dicitur Matth.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2315 XXII. Sed aliqui sancti in caelo existentes possunt ministrare in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2316 sacramentis, quia character sacramentalis est indelebilis, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2317 dictum est. Ergo videtur quod etiam Angeli in sacris possint
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2318 ministrare.</p><p title="III q. 64 a. 7 arg. 3"><a name="49790"><span class="ref">[49790] IIIª q. 64 a. 7 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2319 sicut supra dictum est, Diabolus est caput malorum, et mali sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2320 membra eius. Sed per malos possunt dispensari sacramenta. Ergo
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2321 videtur quod etiam per Daemones.</p><p title="III q. 64 a. 7 s. c."><a name="49791"><span class="ref">[49791] IIIª q. 64 a. 7 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2322 quod dicitur Heb. V, <i>omnis pontifex, ex hominibus assumptus, pro
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2323 hominibus constituitur in his quae sunt ad Deum</i>. Sed Angeli
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2324 boni vel mali non sunt ex hominibus. Ergo ipsi non constituuntur
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2325 ministri in his quae sunt ad Deum, idest in sacramentis.</p><p title="III q. 64 a. 7 co."><a name="49792"><span class="ref">[49792] IIIª q. 64 a. 7 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2326 dicendum quod, sicut supra dictum est, tota virtus sacramentorum a
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2327 passione Christi derivatur, quae est Christi secundum quod homo.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2328 Cui in natura conformantur homines, non autem Angeli, sed potius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2329 secundum passionem dicitur modico ab Angelis minoratus, ut patet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2330 Heb. II. Et ideo ad homines pertinet dispensare sacramenta et in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2331 eis ministrare, non autem ad Angelos. Sciendum tamen quod, sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2332 Deus virtutem suam non alligavit sacramentis quin possit sine
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2333 sacramentis effectum sacramentorum conferre, ita etiam virtutem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2334 suam non alligavit Ecclesiae ministris, quin etiam Angelis possit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2335 virtutem tribuere ministrandi in sacramentis. Et quia boni Angeli
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2336 sunt nuntii veritatis, si aliquod sacramentale ministerium a bonis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2337 Angelis perficeretur, esset ratum habendum, quia deberet constare
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2338 hoc fieri voluntate divina, sicut quaedam templa dicuntur angelico
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2339 ministerio consecrata. Si vero Daemones, qui sunt spiritus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2340 mendacii, aliquod sacramentale ministerium exhiberent, non esset
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2341 ratum habendum.</p><p title="III q. 64 a. 7 ad 1"><a name="49793"><span class="ref">[49793] IIIª q. 64 a. 7 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2342 dicendum quod illud quod faciunt homines inferiori modo, scilicet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2343 per sacramenta sensibilia, quae sunt proportionata naturae ipsorum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2344 faciunt Angeli, tanquam superiores ministri, superiori modo,
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2345 scilicet invisibiliter purgando, illuminando et perficiendo.</p><p title="III q. 64 a. 7 ad 2"><a name="49794"><span class="ref">[49794] IIIª q. 64 a. 7 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2346 dicendum quod sancti qui sunt in caelo, sunt similes Angelis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2347 quantum ad participationem gloriae, non autem quantum ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2348 conditionem naturae. Et per consequens neque quantum ad
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2349 sacramenta.</p><p title="III q. 64 a. 7 ad 3"><a name="49795"><span class="ref">[49795] IIIª q. 64 a. 7 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2350 dicendum quod mali homines non habent quod possint ministrare in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2351 sacramentis ex hoc quod per malitiam sunt membra Diaboli. Et ideo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2352 non sequitur quod Diabolus, qui est eorum caput, magis hoc
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2353 possit.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 8</h3><p title="III q. 64 a. 8 arg. 1"><a name="49796"><span class="ref">[49796] IIIª q. 64 a. 8 arg. 1</span></a> Ad octavum sic
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2354 proceditur. Videtur quod intentio ministri non requiratur ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2355 perfectionem sacramenti. Minister enim in sacramento
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2356 instrumentaliter operatur. Sed actio non perficitur secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2357 intentionem instrumenti, sed secundum intentionem principalis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2358 agentis. Ergo intentio ministri non requiritur ad perfectionem
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2359 sacramenti.</p><p title="III q. 64 a. 8 arg. 2"><a name="49797"><span class="ref">[49797] IIIª q. 64 a. 8 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea, non
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2360 potest homini esse nota intentio alterius. Si igitur intentio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2361 ministri requiratur ad perfectionem sacramenti, non posset homini
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2362 ad sacramentum accedenti esse notum quod sacramentum suscepisset.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2363 Et ita non posset habere certitudinem salutis, praecipue cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2364 quaedam sacramenta sint de necessitate salutis, ut infra
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2365 dicetur.</p><p title="III q. 64 a. 8 arg. 3"><a name="49798"><span class="ref">[49798] IIIª q. 64 a. 8 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2366 intentio hominis non potest esse ad id circa quod non est attentus.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2367 Sed aliquando illi qui in sacramentis ministrant, non attendunt ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2368 ea quae dicunt vel faciunt, alia cogitantes. Ergo, secundum hoc,
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2369 non perficitur sacramentum, propter intentionis defectum.</p><p title="III q. 64 a. 8 s. c."><a name="49799"><span class="ref">[49799] IIIª q. 64 a. 8 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2370 quod ea quae sunt praeter intentionem, sunt casualia. Quod non est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2371 dicendum de operatione sacramentorum. Ergo sacramenta requirunt
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2372 intentionem ministri.</p><p title="III q. 64 a. 8 co."><a name="49800"><span class="ref">[49800] IIIª q. 64 a. 8 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2373 dicendum quod, quando aliquid se habet ad multa, oportet quod per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2374 aliquid determinetur ad unum, si illud effici debeat. Ea vero quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2375 in sacramentis aguntur, possunt diversimode agi, sicut ablutio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2376 aquae, quae fit in Baptismo, potest ordinari et ad munditiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2377 corporalem, et ad sanitatem corporalem, et ad ludum et ad multa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2378 alia huiusmodi. Et ideo oportet quod determinetur ad unum, idest ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2379 sacramentalem effectum, per intentionem abluentis. Et haec intentio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2380 exprimitur per verba quae in sacramentis dicuntur, puta cum dicit,
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2381 ego te baptizo in nomine patris, et cetera.</p><p title="III q. 64 a. 8 ad 1"><a name="49801"><span class="ref">[49801] IIIª q. 64 a. 8 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2382 dicendum quod instrumentum inanimatum non habet aliquam intentionem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2383 respectu effectus, sed loco intentionis est motus quo movetur a
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2384 principali agente. Sed instrumentum animatum, sicut est minister,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2385 non solum movetur, sed etiam quodammodo movet seipsum, inquantum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2386 sua voluntate movet membra ad operandum. Et ideo requiritur eius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2387 intentio, qua se subiiciat principali agenti, ut scilicet intendat
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2388 facere quod facit Christus et Ecclesia.</p><p title="III q. 64 a. 8 ad 2"><a name="49802"><span class="ref">[49802] IIIª q. 64 a. 8 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2389 dicendum quod circa hoc est duplex opinio. Quidam enim dicunt quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2390 requiritur mentalis intentio in ministro, quae si desit, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2391 perficitur sacramentum. Sed hunc defectum in pueris, qui non habent
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2392 intentionem accedendi ad sacramentum, supplet Christus, qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2393 interius baptizat. In adultis autem, quia intendunt sacramenta
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2394 suscipere, supplet illum defectum fides et devotio. Sed hoc satis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2395 posset dici quantum ad ultimum effectum, qui est iustificatio a
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2396 peccatis, sed quantum ad effectum qui est res et sacramentum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2397 scilicet quantum ad characterem, non videtur quod per devotionem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2398 accedentis possit suppleri; quia character nunquam imprimitur nisi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2399 per sacramentum. Et ideo alii melius dicunt quod minister
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2400 sacramenti agit in persona totius Ecclesiae, cuius est minister; in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2401 verbis autem quae proferuntur, exprimitur intentio Ecclesiae; quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2402 sufficit ad perfectionem sacramenti, nisi contrarium exterius
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2403 exprimatur ex parte ministri et recipientis sacramentum.</p><p title="III q. 64 a. 8 ad 3"><a name="49803"><span class="ref">[49803] IIIª q. 64 a. 8 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2404 dicendum quod, licet ille qui aliud cogitat, non habeat actualem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2405 intentionem, habet tamen habitualem, quae sufficit ad perfectionem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2406 sacramenti, puta si, cum sacerdos accedit ad baptizandum, intendit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2407 facere circa baptizandum quod facit Ecclesia. Unde, si postea in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2408 ipso exercitio actus cogitatio eius ad alia rapiatur, ex virtute
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2409 primae intentionis perficitur sacramentum. Quamvis studiose curare
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2410 debeat sacramenti minister ut etiam actualem intentionem adhibeat.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2411 Sed hoc non totaliter est positum in hominis potestate, quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2412 praeter intentionem, cum homo vult multum intendere, incipit alia
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2413 cogitare; secundum illud Psalmi, <i>cor meum dereliquit me</i>.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 9</h3><p title="III q. 64 a. 9 arg. 1"><a name="49804"><span class="ref">[49804] IIIª q. 64 a. 9 arg. 1</span></a> Ad nonum sic
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2414 proceditur. Videtur quod fides ministri sit de necessitate
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2415 sacramenti. Sicut enim dictum est, intentio ministri est necessaria
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2416 ad sacramenti perfectionem. Sed fides intentionem dirigit, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2417 Augustinus dicit, contra Iulianum. Ergo, si desit vera fides in
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2418 ministro, non perficitur sacramentum.</p><p title="III q. 64 a. 9 arg. 2"><a name="49805"><span class="ref">[49805] IIIª q. 64 a. 9 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea, si
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2419 minister Ecclesiae veram fidem non habeat, videtur esse haereticus.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2420 Sed haeretici, ut videtur, non possunt sacramenta conferre. Dicit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2421 enim Cyprianus, in epistola contra haereticos, <i>omnia quaecumque
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2422 faciunt haeretici, carnalia sunt et inania et falsa, ita ut nihil
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2423 eorum quae illi gesserint, a nobis debeat probari</i>. Et Leo Papa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2424 dicit, in epistola ad Leonem Augustum, <i>manifestum est per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2425 crudelissimam et insanissimam vesaniam in Alexandrina sede omnium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2426 caelestium sacramentorum lumen extinctum. Intercepta est sacrificii
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2427 oblatio, defecit chrismatis sanctificatio, et paricidalibus manibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2428 impiorum omnia sese subtraxere mysteria</i>. Ergo vera fides
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2429 ministri est de necessitate sacramenti.</p><p title="III q. 64 a. 9 arg. 3"><a name="49806"><span class="ref">[49806] IIIª q. 64 a. 9 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2430 illi qui non habent veram fidem, videntur esse per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2431 excommunicationem ab Ecclesia separati, dicitur enim in secunda
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2432 canonica Ioannis, <i>si quis venit ad vos et hanc doctrinam non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2433 affert, nolite recipere eum in domum, nec ave dixeritis ei</i>; et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2434 Tit. III, <i>haereticum hominem, post primam et secundam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2435 correctionem, devita</i>. Sed excommunicatus non videtur conferre
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2436 posse Ecclesiae sacramentum, cum sit ab Ecclesia separatus, ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2437 cuius ministerium pertinet sacramentorum dispensatio. Ergo videtur
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2438 quod vera fides ministri sit de necessitate sacramenti.</p><p title="III q. 64 a. 9 s. c."><a name="49807"><span class="ref">[49807] IIIª q. 64 a. 9 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2439 quod Augustinus dicit, contra Petilianum Donatistam, <i>mementote
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2440 sacramentis Dei nihil obesse mores malorum hominum, quod illa vel
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2441 non sint, vel minus sancta sint</i>.</p><p title="III q. 64 a. 9 co."><a name="49808"><span class="ref">[49808] IIIª q. 64 a. 9 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2442 dicendum quod, sicut supra dictum est, quia minister in sacramentis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2443 instrumentaliter operatur, non agit in virtute propria, sed in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2444 virtute Christi. Sicut autem pertinet ad propriam virtutem hominis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2445 caritas, ita et fides. Unde, sicut non requiritur ad perfectionem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2446 sacramenti quod minister sit in caritate, sed possunt etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2447 peccatores sacramenta conferre, ut supra dictum est; ita non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2448 requiritur fides eius, sed infidelis potest verum sacramentum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2449 praebere, dummodo cetera adsint quae sunt de necessitate
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2450 sacramenti.</p><p title="III q. 64 a. 9 ad 1"><a name="49809"><span class="ref">[49809] IIIª q. 64 a. 9 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2451 dicendum quod potest contingere quod aliquis patiatur defectum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2452 fidei circa aliquid aliud, et non circa veritatem sacramenti quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2453 exhibet, puta si aliquis credat iuramentum esse in omni casu
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2454 illicitum, et tamen credat Baptismum efficaciam habere ad salutem.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2455 Et sic talis infidelitas non impedit intentionem conferendi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2456 sacramentum. Si vero patiatur fidei defectum circa ipsum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2457 sacramentum quod exhibet, licet credat per id quod agitur exterius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2458 nullum sequi interiorem effectum, non tamen ignorat quod Ecclesia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2459 Catholica intendit per huiusmodi quae exterius aguntur, sacramentum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2460 praebere. Unde, non obstante infidelitate, potest intendere facere
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2461 id quod facit Ecclesia, licet existimet id nihil esse. Et talis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2462 intentio sufficit ad sacramentum, quia, sicut supra dictum est,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2463 minister sacramenti agit in persona totius Ecclesiae, ex cuius fide
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2464 suppletur id quod deest fidei ministro.</p><p title="III q. 64 a. 9 ad 2"><a name="49810"><span class="ref">[49810] IIIª q. 64 a. 9 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2465 dicendum quod haereticorum quidam in collatione sacramentorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2466 formam Ecclesiae non servant. Et tales neque sacramentum conferunt,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2467 neque rem sacramenti. Quidam vero servant Ecclesiae formam. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2468 tales conferunt quidem sacramentum, sed non conferunt rem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2469 sacramenti. Et hoc dico, si sunt manifeste ab Ecclesia praecisi.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2470 Quia ex hoc ipso quod aliquis accipit sacramenta ab eis, peccat, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2471 per hoc impeditur ne effectum sacramenti consequatur. Unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2472 Augustinus dicit, in libro de fide ad Petrum, <i>firmissime tene,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2473 et nullatenus dubites, extra Ecclesiam baptizatis, si ad Ecclesiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2474 non redierint, Baptismo cumulari perniciem</i>. Et per hunc modum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2475 dicit Leo Papa <i>in sede Alexandrina sacramentorum lumen esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2476 extinctum</i>, scilicet, quantum ad rem sacramenti, non autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2477 quantum ad ipsum sacramentum. Cyprianus autem nec sacramentum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2478 conferre haereticos credebat, sed in hoc eius sententia non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2479 tenetur. Unde Augustinus dicit, <i>martyrem Cyprianum, qui apud
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2480 haereticos vel schismaticos datum Baptismum nolebat cognoscere,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2481 tanta merita, usque ad triumphum martyrii, secuta sunt, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2482 caritatis qua excellebat luce obumbratio illa fugaretur, et, si
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2483 quid purgandum erat, passionis falce tolleretur</i>.</p><p title="III q. 64 a. 9 ad 3"><a name="49811"><span class="ref">[49811] IIIª q. 64 a. 9 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2484 dicendum quod potestas ministrandi sacramenta pertinet ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2485 spiritualem characterem, qui indelebilis est, ut ex supra dictis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2486 patet. Et ideo per hoc quod aliquis ab Ecclesia suspenditur vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2487 excommunicatur, vel etiam degradatur, non amittit potestatem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2488 conferendi sacramentum, sed licentiam utendi hac potestate. Et ideo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2489 sacramentum quidem confert, sed tamen peccat conferendo. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2490 similiter ille qui ab eo accipit sacramentum, et sic non percipit
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2491 rem sacramenti, nisi forte per ignorantiam excusetur.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 10</h3><p title="III q. 64 a. 10 arg. 1"><a name="49812"><span class="ref">[49812] IIIª q. 64 a. 10 arg. 1</span></a> Ad decimum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2492 sic proceditur. Videtur quod intentio recta ministri requiratur ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2493 perfectionem sacramenti. Intentio enim ministri debet conformari
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2494 intentioni Ecclesiae, ut ex dictis patet. Sed intentio Ecclesiae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2495 semper est recta. Ergo de necessitate ad sacramenti perfectionem
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2496 requiritur intentio recta ministri.</p><p title="III q. 64 a. 10 arg. 2"><a name="49813"><span class="ref">[49813] IIIª q. 64 a. 10 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2497 perversa intentio deterior esse videtur quam intentio iocosa. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2498 intentio iocosa tollit sacramentum, puta si aliquis non serio, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2499 ludo aliquem baptizaret. Ergo multo magis perversa intentio aufert
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2500 sacramentum, puta si aliquis aliquem baptizaret ut postmodum eum
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2501 occideret.</p><p title="III q. 64 a. 10 arg. 3"><a name="49814"><span class="ref">[49814] IIIª q. 64 a. 10 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2502 perversa intentio facit totum opus vitiosum, secundum illud Luc.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2503 XI, <i>si oculus tuus fuerit nequam, totum corpus tuum tenebrosum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2504 erit</i>. Sed sacramenta Christi non possunt inquinari per malos
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2505 homines, sicut Augustinus dicit, contra Petilianum. Ergo videtur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2506 quod, si sit perversa intentio ministri, non sit ibi verum
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2507 sacramentum.</p><p title="III q. 64 a. 10 s. c."><a name="49815"><span class="ref">[49815] IIIª q. 64 a. 10 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2508 quod perversa intentio pertinet ad malitiam ministri. Sed malitia
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2509 ministri non tollit sacramentum. Ergo nec perversa intentio.</p><p title="III q. 64 a. 10 co."><a name="49816"><span class="ref">[49816] IIIª q. 64 a. 10 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2510 dicendum quod intentio ministri potest perverti dupliciter. Uno
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2511 modo, respectu ipsius sacramenti, puta cum aliquis non intendit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2512 sacramentum conferre, sed delusorie aliquid agere. Et talis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2513 perversitas tollit veritatem sacramenti, praecipue quando suam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2514 intentionem exterius manifestat. Alio modo potest perverti intentio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2515 ministri quantum ad id quod sequitur sacramentum, puta si sacerdos
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2516 intendat aliquam feminam baptizare ut abutatur ea; vel si intendat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2517 conficere corpus Christi ut eo ad veneficia utatur. Et quia prius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2518 non dependet a posteriori, inde est quod talis intentionis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2519 perversitas veritatem sacramenti non tollit, sed ipse minister ex
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2520 tali intentione graviter peccat.</p><p title="III q. 64 a. 10 ad 1"><a name="49817"><span class="ref">[49817] IIIª q. 64 a. 10 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2521 dicendum quod Ecclesiae intentio recta est et quantum ad sacramenti
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2522 perfectionem, et quantum ad sacramenti usum, sed prima rectitudo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2523 perficit sacramentum, secunda operatur ad meritum. Et ideo minister
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2524 qui conformat intentionem suam Ecclesiae quantum ad primam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2525 rectitudinem, non autem quantum ad secundam, perficit quidem
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2526 sacramentum, sed non est sibi ad meritum.</p><p title="III q. 64 a. 10 ad 2"><a name="49818"><span class="ref">[49818] IIIª q. 64 a. 10 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2527 dicendum quod intentio ludicra vel iocosa excludit primam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2528 rectitudinem intentionis, per quam perficitur sacramentum. Et ideo
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2529 non est similis ratio.</p><p title="III q. 64 a. 10 ad 3"><a name="49819"><span class="ref">[49819] IIIª q. 64 a. 10 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2530 dicendum quod perversa intentio pervertit opus intendentis, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2531 autem opus alterius. Et ideo ex perversa intentione ministri
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2532 pervertitur id quod agit in sacramentis inquantum est opus eius,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2533 non inquantum est opus Christi, cuius est minister. Et est simile
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2534 si minister alicuius hominis prava intentione deferret pauperibus
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2535 eleemosynam, quam dominus recta intentione mandaret.</p></div></div><div class="q" id="q65"><h2>Quaestio 65</h2><div class="p"><h3>Prooemium</h3><p title="III q. 65 pr."><a name="49820"><span class="ref">[49820]
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2536 IIIª q. 65 pr.</span></a> Deinde considerandum est de numero
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2537 sacramentorum. Et circa hoc quaeruntur quatuor. Primo, utrum sint
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2538 septem sacramenta. Secundo, de ordine eorum ad invicem. Tertio, de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2539 comparatione eorum. Quarto, utrum omnia sint de necessitate
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2540 salutis.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 1</h3><p title="III q. 65 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="49821"><span class="ref">[49821] IIIª q. 65 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad primum sic
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2541 proceditur. Videtur quod non debeant esse septem sacramenta.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2542 Sacramenta enim efficaciam habent ex virtute divina, et ex virtute
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2543 passionis Christi. Sed una est virtus divina, et una est Christi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2544 passio, <i>una enim oblatione consummavit sanctificatos in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2545 sempiternum</i>, ut dicitur Heb. X. Ergo non debuit esse nisi unum
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2546 sacramentum.</p><p title="III q. 65 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="49822"><span class="ref">[49822] IIIª q. 65 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2547 sacramentum ordinatur contra defectum peccati. Hic autem est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2548 duplex, scilicet poena et culpa. Ergo sufficeret esse duo
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2549 sacramenta.</p><p title="III q. 65 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="49823"><span class="ref">[49823] IIIª q. 65 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2550 sacramenta pertinent ad actiones ecclesiasticae hierarchiae, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2551 patet per Dionysium. Sed, sicut ipse dicit, tres sunt actiones
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2552 hierarchicae, purgatio, illuminatio et perfectio. Ergo non debent
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2553 esse nisi tria sacramenta.</p><p title="III q. 65 a. 1 arg. 4"><a name="49824"><span class="ref">[49824] IIIª q. 65 a. 1 arg. 4</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2554 Augustinus dicit, XIX contra Faustum, sacramenta novae legis sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2555 numero pauciora quam sacramenta veteris legis. Sed in veteri lege
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2556 non erat aliquod sacramentum quod responderet confirmationi et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2557 extremae unctioni. Ergo neque debent numerari inter sacramenta
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2558 novae legis.</p><p title="III q. 65 a. 1 arg. 5"><a name="49825"><span class="ref">[49825] IIIª q. 65 a. 1 arg. 5</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2559 luxuria non est gravius inter cetera peccata, ut patet ex his quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2560 in secunda parte dicta sunt. Sed contra alia peccata non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2561 instituitur aliquod sacramentum. Ergo neque contra luxuriam debuit
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2562 institui sacramentum matrimonii.</p><p title="III q. 65 a. 1 s. c. 1"><a name="49826"><span class="ref">[49826] IIIª q. 65 a. 1 s. c. 1</span></a> Sed contra,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2563 videtur quod sint plura sacramenta. Sacramenta enim dicuntur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2564 quaedam sacra signa. Sed multae aliae sanctificationes fiunt in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2565 Ecclesia secundum sensibilia signa, sicut aqua benedicta,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2566 consecratio altaris, et alia huiusmodi. Ergo sunt plura sacramenta
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2567 quam septem.</p><p title="III q. 65 a. 1 s. c. 2"><a name="49827"><span class="ref">[49827] IIIª q. 65 a. 1 s. c. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2568 Hugo de sancto Victore dicit quod sacramenta veteris legis fuerunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2569 oblationes, decimae et sacrificia. Sed sacrificium Ecclesiae est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2570 unum sacramentum, quod dicitur Eucharistia. Ergo etiam oblationes
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2571 et decimae debent dici sacramenta.</p><p title="III q. 65 a. 1 s. c. 3"><a name="49828"><span class="ref">[49828] IIIª q. 65 a. 1 s. c. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2572 tria sunt genera peccatorum, originale, mortale et veniale. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2573 contra originale peccatum ordinatur Baptismus; contra mortale autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2574 poenitentia. Ergo deberet esse aliud, praeter septem, quod
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2575 ordinetur contra veniale.</p><p title="III q. 65 a. 1 co."><a name="49829"><span class="ref">[49829] IIIª q. 65 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2576 dicendum quod, sicut supra dictum est, ordinantur sacramenta
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2577 Ecclesiae ad duo, scilicet, ad perficiendum hominem in his quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2578 pertinent ad cultum Dei secundum religionem Christianae vitae; et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2579 etiam in remedium contra defectum peccati. Utroque autem modo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2580 convenienter ponuntur septem sacramenta. Vita enim spiritualis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2581 conformitatem aliquam habet ad vitam corporalem, sicut et cetera
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2582 corporalia similitudinem quandam spiritualium habent. In vita autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2583 corporali dupliciter aliquis perficitur, uno modo, quantum ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2584 personam propriam; alio modo, per respectum ad totam communitatem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2585 societatis in qua vivit, quia homo naturaliter est animal sociale.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2586 Respectu autem sui ipsius perficitur homo in vita corporali
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2587 dupliciter, uno modo, per se, acquirendo scilicet aliquam vitae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2588 perfectionem; alio modo, per accidens, scilicet removendo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2589 impedimenta vitae, puta aegritudines, vel aliquid huiusmodi. Per se
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2590 autem perficitur corporalis vita tripliciter. Primo quidem, per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2591 generationem, per quam homo incipit esse et vivere. Et loco huius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2592 in spirituali vita est Baptismus, qui est spiritualis regeneratio,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2593 secundum illud ad Tit. III, <i>per lavacrum regenerationis</i>, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2594 cetera. Secundo, per augmentum, quo aliquis perducitur ad perfectam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2595 quantitatem et virtutem. Et loco huius in spirituali vita est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2596 confirmatio, in qua datur spiritus sanctus ad robur. Unde dicitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2597 discipulis iam baptizatis, Luc. ult., <i>sedete in civitate
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2598 quousque induamini virtute ex alto</i>. Tertio, per nutritionem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2599 qua conservatur in homine vita et virtus. Et loco huius in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2600 spirituali vita est Eucharistia. Unde dicitur Ioan. VI, <i>nisi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2601 manducaveritis carnem filii hominis et biberitis eius sanguinem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2602 non habebitis vitam in vobis</i>. Et hoc quidem sufficeret homini
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2603 si haberet et corporaliter et spiritualiter impassibilem vitam, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2604 quia homo incurrit interdum et corporalem infirmitatem et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2605 spiritualem, scilicet peccatum, ideo necessaria est homini curatio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2606 ab infirmitate. Quae quidem est duplex. Una quidem est sanatio,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2607 quae sanitatem restituit. Et loco huius in spirituali vita est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2608 poenitentia, secundum illud Psalmi, <i>sana animam meam, quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2609 peccavi tibi</i>. Alia autem est restitutio valetudinis pristinae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2610 per convenientem diaetam et exercitium. Et loco huius in spirituali
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2611 vita est extrema unctio, quae removet peccatorum reliquias, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2612 hominem paratum reddit ad finalem gloriam. Unde dicitur Iac. V,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2613 <i>et si in peccatis sit, dimittetur ei</i>. Perficitur autem homo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2614 in ordine ad totam communitatem dupliciter. Uno modo, per hoc quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2615 accipit potestatem regendi multitudinem, et exercendi actus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2616 publicos. Et loco huius in spirituali vita est sacramentum ordinis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2617 secundum illud Heb. VII, quod sacerdotes hostias offerunt non solum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2618 pro se, sed etiam pro populo. Secundo, quantum ad naturalem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2619 propagationem. Quod fit per matrimonium, tam in corporali quam in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2620 spirituali vita, eo quod est non solum sacramentum, sed naturae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2621 officium. Ex his etiam patet sacramentorum numerus secundum quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2622 ordinantur contra defectum peccati. Nam Baptismus ordinatur contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2623 carentiam vitae spiritualis; confirmatio contra infirmitatem animi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2624 quae in nuper natis invenitur; Eucharistia contra labilitatem animi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2625 ad peccandum; poenitentia contra actuale peccatum post Baptismum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2626 commissum; extrema unctio contra reliquias peccatorum, quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2627 scilicet non sunt sufficienter per poenitentiam sublatae, aut ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2628 negligentia aut ex ignorantia; ordo contra dissolutionem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2629 multitudinis; matrimonium in remedium contra concupiscentiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2630 personalem, et contra defectum multitudinis qui per mortem accidit.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2631 Quidam vero accipiunt numerum sacramentorum per quandam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2632 adaptationem ad virtutes, et ad defectus culparum et poenalitatum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2633 dicentes quod fidei respondet Baptismus, et ordinatur contra culpam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2634 originalem; spei extrema unctio, et ordinatur contra culpam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2635 venialem; caritati Eucharistia, et ordinatur contra poenalitatem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2636 malitiae; prudentiae ordo, et ordinatur contra ignorantiam;
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2637 iustitiae poenitentia, et ordinatur contra peccatum mortale;
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2638 temperantiae matrimonium, et ordinatur contra concupiscentiam;
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2639 fortitudini confirmatio, et ordinatur contra infirmitatem.</p><p title="III q. 65 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="49830"><span class="ref">[49830] IIIª q. 65 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2640 dicendum quod idem agens principale utitur diversis instrumentis ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2641 diversos effectus, secundum congruentiam operum. Et similiter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2642 virtus divina et passio Christi operatur in nobis per diversa
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2643 sacramenta quasi per diversa instrumenta.</p><p title="III q. 65 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="49831"><span class="ref">[49831] IIIª q. 65 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2644 dicendum quod culpa et poena diversitatem habent et secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2645 speciem, inquantum sunt diversae species culparum et poenarum; et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2646 secundum diversos hominum status et habitudines. Et secundum hoc
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2647 oportuit multiplicari sacramenta, ut ex dictis patet.</p><p title="III q. 65 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="49832"><span class="ref">[49832] IIIª q. 65 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2648 dicendum quod in actionibus hierarchicis considerantur et agentes,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2649 et recipientes, et actiones. Agentes autem sunt ministri Ecclesiae.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2650 Ad quos pertinet ordinis sacramentum. Recipientes autem sunt illi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2651 qui ad sacramenta accedunt. Qui producuntur per matrimonium.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2652 Actiones autem sunt purgatio, illuminatio et perfectio. Sed sola
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2653 purgatio non potest esse sacramentum novae legis, quod gratiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2654 confert, sed pertinet ad quaedam sacramentalia, quae sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2655 catechismus et exorcismus. Purgatio autem et illuminatio simul,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2656 secundum Dionysium, pertinet ad Baptismum, et, propter recidivum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2657 secundario pertinet ad poenitentiam et extremam unctionem.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2658 Perfectio autem, quantum ad virtutem quidem, quae est quasi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2659 perfectio formalis, pertinet ad confirmationem, quantum autem ad
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2660 consecutionem finis, pertinet ad Eucharistiam.</p><p title="III q. 65 a. 1 ad 4"><a name="49833"><span class="ref">[49833] IIIª q. 65 a. 1 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2661 dicendum quod in sacramento confirmationis datur plenitudo spiritus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2662 sancti ad robur; in extrema autem unctione praeparatur homo ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2663 recipiat immediate gloriam; quorum neutrum competit veteri
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2664 testamento. Et ideo nihil potuit his sacramentis in veteri lege
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2665 respondere. Nihilominus tamen sacramenta veteris legis fuerunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2666 plura numero, propter diversitatem sacrificiorum et
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2667 caeremoniarum.</p><p title="III q. 65 a. 1 ad 5"><a name="49834"><span class="ref">[49834] IIIª q. 65 a. 1 ad 5</span></a> Ad quintum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2668 dicendum quod contra concupiscentiam venereorum oportuit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2669 specialiter remedium adhiberi per aliquod sacramentum, primo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2670 quidem, quia per huiusmodi concupiscentiam non solum vitiatur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2671 persona, sed etiam natura; secundo, propter vehementiam eius, qua
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2672 rationem absorbet.</p><p title="III q. 65 a. 1 ad 6"><a name="49835"><span class="ref">[49835] IIIª q. 65 a. 1 ad 6</span></a> Ad sextum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2673 dicendum quod aqua benedicta et aliae consecrationes non dicuntur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2674 sacramenta, quia non perducunt ad sacramenti effectum, qui est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2675 gratiae consecutio. Sed sunt dispositiones quaedam ad sacramenta,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2676 vel removendo prohibens, sicut aqua benedicta ordinatur contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2677 insidias Daemonum, et contra peccata venialia; vel idoneitatem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2678 quandam faciendo ad sacramenti perceptionem, sicut consecratur
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2679 altare et vasa propter reverentiam Eucharistiae.</p><p title="III q. 65 a. 1 ad 7"><a name="49836"><span class="ref">[49836] IIIª q. 65 a. 1 ad 7</span></a> Ad septimum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2680 dicendum quod oblationes et decimae erant, tam in lege naturae quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2681 in lege Moysi, ordinatae non solum in subsidium ministrorum et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2682 pauperum, sed etiam in figuram, et ideo erant sacramenta. Nunc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2683 autem non remanserunt inquantum sunt figuralia, et ideo non sunt
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2684 sacramenta.</p><p title="III q. 65 a. 1 ad 8"><a name="49837"><span class="ref">[49837] IIIª q. 65 a. 1 ad 8</span></a> Ad octavum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2685 dicendum quod ad deletionem venialis peccati non requiritur infusio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2686 gratiae. Unde, cum in quolibet sacramento novae legis gratia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2687 infundatur, nullum sacramentum novae legis instituitur directe
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2688 contra veniale; quod tollitur per quaedam sacramentalia, puta per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2689 aquam benedictam, et alia huiusmodi. Quidam tamen dicunt extremam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2690 unctionem contra veniale peccatum ordinari. Sed de hoc suo loco
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2691 dicetur.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 2</h3><p title="III q. 65 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="49838"><span class="ref">[49838] IIIª q. 65 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad secundum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2692 sic proceditur. Videtur quod inconvenienter sacramenta ordinentur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2693 secundum modum praedictum. Ut enim apostolus dicit, I Cor. XV,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2694 <i>prius est quod est animale, deinde quod spirituale</i>. Sed per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2695 matrimonium generatur homo prima generatione, quae est animalis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2696 per Baptismum autem regeneratur homo secunda generatione quae est
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2697 spiritualis. Ergo matrimonium debet praecedere Baptismum.</p><p title="III q. 65 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="49839"><span class="ref">[49839] IIIª q. 65 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea, per
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2698 sacramentum ordinis aliquis accipit potestatem agendi actiones
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2699 sacramentales. Sed agens est prior sua actione. Ergo ordo debet
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2700 praecedere Baptismum et alia sacramenta.</p><p title="III q. 65 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="49840"><span class="ref">[49840] IIIª q. 65 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2701 Eucharistia est spirituale nutrimentum, confirmatio autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2702 comparatur augmento. Nutrimentum autem est causa augmenti, et per
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2703 consequens prius. Ergo Eucharistia est prior confirmatione.</p><p title="III q. 65 a. 2 arg. 4"><a name="49841"><span class="ref">[49841] IIIª q. 65 a. 2 arg. 4</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2704 poenitentia praeparat hominem ad Eucharistiam. Sed dispositio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2705 praecedit perfectionem. Ergo poenitentia debet praecedere
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2706 Eucharistiam.</p><p title="III q. 65 a. 2 arg. 5"><a name="49842"><span class="ref">[49842] IIIª q. 65 a. 2 arg. 5</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2707 quod est propinquius fini ultimo, est posterius. Sed extrema
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2708 unctio, inter omnia sacramenta, propinquior est ultimo fini
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2709 beatitudinis. Ergo debet habere ultimum locum inter sacramenta.</p><p title="III q. 65 a. 2 s. c."><a name="49843"><span class="ref">[49843] IIIª q. 65 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> In contrarium
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2710 est quod communiter ordinantur ab omnibus sacramenta sicut dictum
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2711 est.</p><p title="III q. 65 a. 2 co."><a name="49844"><span class="ref">[49844] IIIª q. 65 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2712 dicendum quod ratio ordinis sacramentorum apparet ex his quae supra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2713 dicta sunt. Nam sicut unum est prius quam multitudo, ita sacramenta
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2714 quae ordinantur ad perfectionem unius personae, naturaliter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2715 praecedunt ea quae ordinantur ad perfectionem multitudinis. Et ideo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2716 ultimo inter sacramenta ponuntur ordo et matrimonium, quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2717 ordinantur ad multitudinis perfectionem, matrimonium tamen post
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2718 ordinem, eo quod minus participat de ratione spiritualis vitae, ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2719 quam ordinantur sacramenta. Inter ea vero quae ordinantur ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2720 perfectionem unius personae, naturaliter sunt priora illa quae per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2721 se ordinantur ad perfectionem spiritualis vitae, quam illa quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2722 ordinantur per accidens, scilicet ad removendum nocivum accidens
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2723 superveniens, cuiusmodi sunt poenitentia et extrema unctio.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2724 Posterior tamen est naturaliter extrema unctio, quae conservat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2725 sanationem quam poenitentia inchoat. Inter alia vero tria,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2726 manifestum est quod Baptismus, qui est spiritualis regeneratio, est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2727 primum; et deinde confirmatio, quae ordinatur ad formalem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2728 perfectionem virtutis; et postmodum Eucharistia, quae ordinatur ad
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2729 perfectionem finis.</p><p title="III q. 65 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="49845"><span class="ref">[49845] IIIª q. 65 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2730 dicendum quod matrimonium, secundum quod ordinatur ad animalem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2731 vitam, est naturae officium. Sed secundum quod habet aliquid
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2732 spiritualitatis, est sacramentum. Et quia minimum habet de
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2733 spiritualitate, ultimo ponitur inter sacramenta.</p><p title="III q. 65 a. 2 ad 2"><a name="49846"><span class="ref">[49846] IIIª q. 65 a. 2 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2734 dicendum quod, ad hoc quod aliquid sit agens, praesupponitur quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2735 sit in se perfectum. Et ideo priora sunt sacramenta quibus aliquis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2736 in seipso perficitur, quam sacramentum ordinis, in quo aliquis
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2737 constituitur perfector aliorum.</p><p title="III q. 65 a. 2 ad 3"><a name="49847"><span class="ref">[49847] IIIª q. 65 a. 2 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2738 dicendum quod nutrimentum et praecedit augmentum, sicut causa eius;
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2739 et subsequitur augmentum, sicut conservans hominem in perfecta
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2740 quantitate et virtute. Et ideo potest Eucharistia praemitti
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2741 confirmationi, ut Dionysius facit, in libro Eccl. Hier., et potest
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2742 postponi, sicut Magister facit, in IV sententiarum.</p><p title="III q. 65 a. 2 ad 4"><a name="49848"><span class="ref">[49848] IIIª q. 65 a. 2 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2743 dicendum quod ratio illa recte procederet si poenitentia ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2744 necessitate requireretur ut praeparatoria ad Eucharistiam. Sed hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2745 non est verum, nam si aliquis esset sine peccato mortali, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2746 indigeret poenitentia ad sumptionem Eucharistiae. Et sic patet quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2747 per accidens poenitentia praeparat ad Eucharistiam, scilicet,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2748 supposito peccato. Unde dicitur II Paral. ult., <i>tu, domine
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2749 iustorum, non posuisti poenitentiam iustis</i>.</p><p title="III q. 65 a. 2 ad 5"><a name="49849"><span class="ref">[49849] IIIª q. 65 a. 2 ad 5</span></a> Ad quintum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2750 dicendum quod extrema unctio, propter rationem inductam, est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2751 ultimum inter sacramenta quae ordinantur ad perfectionem unius
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2752 personae.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 3</h3><p title="III q. 65 a. 3 arg. 1"><a name="49850"><span class="ref">[49850] IIIª q. 65 a. 3 arg. 1</span></a> Ad tertium sic
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2753 proceditur. Videtur quod sacramentum Eucharistiae non sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2754 potissimum inter sacramenta. Bonum enim commune potius est quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2755 bonum unius, ut dicitur I Ethic. Sed matrimonium ordinatur ad bonum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2756 commune speciei humanae per viam generationis, sacramentum autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2757 Eucharistiae ordinatur ad bonum proprium sumentis. Ergo non est
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2758 potissimum sacramentorum.</p><p title="III q. 65 a. 3 arg. 2"><a name="49851"><span class="ref">[49851] IIIª q. 65 a. 3 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2759 digniora sacramenta esse videntur quae per maiorem ministrum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2760 conferuntur. Sed sacramentum confirmationis et sacramentum ordinis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2761 non conferuntur nisi per episcopum, qui est maior minister quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2762 simplex minister, qui est sacerdos, per quem confertur Eucharistiae
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2763 sacramentum. Ergo illa sacramenta sunt potiora.</p><p title="III q. 65 a. 3 arg. 3"><a name="49852"><span class="ref">[49852] IIIª q. 65 a. 3 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2764 sacramenta tanto sunt potiora quanto maiorem virtutem habent. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2765 quaedam sacramenta imprimunt characterem, scilicet Baptismus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2766 confirmatio et ordo, quod non facit Eucharistia. Ergo illa
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2767 sacramenta sunt potiora.</p><p title="III q. 65 a. 3 arg. 4"><a name="49853"><span class="ref">[49853] IIIª q. 65 a. 3 arg. 4</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2768 illud videtur esse potius ex quo alia dependent et non e converso.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2769 Sed ex Baptismo dependet Eucharistia, non enim potest aliquis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2770 Eucharistiam accipere nisi fuerit baptizatus. Ergo Baptismus est
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2771 potior Eucharistia.</p><p title="III q. 65 a. 3 s. c."><a name="49854"><span class="ref">[49854] IIIª q. 65 a. 3 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2772 quod Dionysius dicit, III cap. Eccles. Hier., quod <i>non contingit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2773 aliquem perfici perfectione hierarchica nisi per divinissimam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2774 Eucharistiam</i>. Ergo hoc sacramentum potissimum et perfectivum
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2775 est omnium aliorum.</p><p title="III q. 65 a. 3 co."><a name="49855"><span class="ref">[49855] IIIª q. 65 a. 3 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2776 dicendum quod, simpliciter loquendo, sacramentum Eucharistiae est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2777 potissimum inter alia sacramenta. Quod quidem tripliciter apparet.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2778 Primo quidem, ex eo quod in eo continetur ipse Christus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2779 substantialiter, in aliis autem sacramentis continetur quaedam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2780 virtus instrumentalis participata a Christo, ut ex supra dictis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2781 patet. Semper autem quod est per essentiam, potius est eo quod est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2782 per participationem. Secundo hoc apparet ex ordine sacramentorum ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2783 invicem, nam omnia alia sacramenta ordinari videntur ad hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2784 sacramentum sicut ad finem. Manifestum est enim quod sacramentum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2785 ordinis ordinatur ad Eucharistiae consecrationem. Sacramentum vero
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2786 Baptismi ordinatur ad Eucharistiae receptionem. In quo etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2787 perficitur aliquis per confirmationem, ut non vereatur se
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2788 subtrahere a tali sacramento. Per poenitentiam etiam et extremam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2789 unctionem praeparatur homo ad digne sumendum corpus Christi.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2790 Matrimonium autem saltem sua significatione attingit hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2791 sacramentum, inquantum significat coniunctionem Christi et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2792 Ecclesiae, cuius unitas per sacramentum Eucharistiae figuratur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2793 unde et apostolus dicit, Ephes. V, <i>sacramentum hoc magnum est,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2794 ego autem dico in Christo et in Ecclesia</i>. Tertio hoc apparet ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2795 ritu sacramentorum. Nam fere omnia sacramenta in Eucharistia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2796 consummantur, ut dicit Dionysius, III cap. Eccles. Hier., sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2797 patet quod ordinati communicant, et etiam baptizati si sint adulti.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2798 Aliorum autem sacramentorum comparatio ad invicem potest esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2799 multipliciter. Nam in via necessitatis, Baptismus est potissimum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2800 sacramentorum; in via autem perfectionis, sacramentum ordinis;
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2801 medio autem modo se habet sacramentum confirmationis. Sacramentum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2802 vero poenitentiae et extremae unctionis sunt inferioris gradus a
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2803 praedictis sacramentis, quia, sicut dictum est, ordinantur ad vitam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2804 Christianam non per se, sed quasi per accidens, scilicet in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2805 remedium supervenientis defectus. Inter quae tamen extrema unctio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2806 comparatur ad poenitentiam sicut confirmatio ad Baptismum, ita
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2807 scilicet quod poenitentia est maioris necessitatis, sed extrema
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2808 unctio est maioris perfectionis.</p><p title="III q. 65 a. 3 ad 1"><a name="49856"><span class="ref">[49856] IIIª q. 65 a. 3 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2809 dicendum quod matrimonium ordinatur ad bonum commune corporaliter.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2810 Sed bonum commune spirituale totius Ecclesiae continetur
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2811 substantialiter in ipso Eucharistiae sacramento.</p><p title="III q. 65 a. 3 ad 2"><a name="49857"><span class="ref">[49857] IIIª q. 65 a. 3 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2812 dicendum quod per ordinem et confirmationem deputantur fideles
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2813 Christi ad aliqua specialia officia, quod pertinet ad officium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2814 principis. Et ideo tradere huiusmodi sacramenta pertinet ad solum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2815 episcopum, qui est quasi princeps in Ecclesia. Per sacramentum vero
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2816 Eucharistiae non deputatur homo ad aliquod officium, sed magis hoc
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2817 sacramentum est finis omnium officiorum, ut dictum est.</p><p title="III q. 65 a. 3 ad 3"><a name="49858"><span class="ref">[49858] IIIª q. 65 a. 3 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2818 dicendum quod character sacramentalis, sicut supra dictum est,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2819 quaedam participatio est sacerdotii Christi. Unde sacramentum quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2820 ipsum Christum coniungit homini, est dignius sacramento quod
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2821 imprimit Christi characterem.</p><p title="III q. 65 a. 3 ad 4"><a name="49859"><span class="ref">[49859] IIIª q. 65 a. 3 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2822 dicendum quod ratio illa procedit ex parte necessitatis. Sic enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2823 Baptismus, cum sit maximae necessitatis, est potissimum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2824 sacramentorum. Sicut ordo et confirmatio habent quandam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2825 excellentiam ratione ministerii; et matrimonium ratione
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2826 significationis. Nihil enim prohibet aliquid esse secundum quid
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2827 dignius, quod tamen non est dignius simpliciter.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 4</h3><p title="III q. 65 a. 4 arg. 1"><a name="49860"><span class="ref">[49860] IIIª q. 65 a. 4 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quartum sic
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2828 proceditur. Videtur quod omnia sacramenta sunt de necessitate
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2829 salutis. Id enim quod non est necessarium, videtur esse superfluum.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2830 Sed nullum sacramentum est superfluum, quia Deus nihil facit
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2831 frustra. Ergo omnia sacramenta sunt de necessitate salutis.</p><p title="III q. 65 a. 4 arg. 2"><a name="49861"><span class="ref">[49861] IIIª q. 65 a. 4 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2832 sicut de Baptismo dicitur, <i>nisi quis renatus fuerit ex aqua et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2833 spiritu sancto, non potest introire in regnum Dei</i>, ita de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2834 Eucharistia dicitur, Ioan. VI, <i>nisi manducaveritis carnem filii
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2835 hominis et biberitis eius sanguinem, non habebitis vitam in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2836 vobis</i>. Ergo, sicut Baptismus est sacramentum necessitatis, ita
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2837 et Eucharistia.</p><p title="III q. 65 a. 4 arg. 3"><a name="49862"><span class="ref">[49862] IIIª q. 65 a. 4 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2838 sine sacramento Baptismi potest aliquis salvus fieri, dummodo non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2839 contemptus religionis, sed necessitas sacramentum excludat, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2840 infra dicetur. Sed in quolibet sacramento contemptus religionis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2841 impedit hominis salutem. Ergo, pari ratione, omnia sacramenta sunt
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2842 de necessitate salutis.</p><p title="III q. 65 a. 4 s. c."><a name="49863"><span class="ref">[49863] IIIª q. 65 a. 4 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2843 quod pueri salvantur per solum Baptismum, sine aliis
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2844 sacramentis.</p><p title="III q. 65 a. 4 co."><a name="49864"><span class="ref">[49864] IIIª q. 65 a. 4 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2845 dicendum quod necessarium respectu finis, de quo nunc loquimur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2846 dicitur aliquid dupliciter. Uno modo, sine quo non potest esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2847 finis, sicut cibus est necessarius vitae humanae. Et hoc est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2848 simpliciter necessarium ad finem. Alio modo dicitur esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2849 necessarium id sine quo non habetur finis ita convenienter, sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2850 equus necessarius est ad iter. Hoc autem non est simpliciter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2851 necessarium ad finem. Primo igitur modo necessitatis sunt tria
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2852 sacramenta necessaria. Duo quidem personae singulari, Baptismus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2853 quidem simpliciter et absolute; poenitentia autem, supposito
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2854 peccato mortali post Baptismum. Sacramentum autem ordinis est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2855 necessarium Ecclesiae, quia, <i>ubi non est gubernator, populus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2856 corruet</i>, ut dicitur Proverb. XI. Sed secundo modo sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2857 necessaria alia sacramenta. Nam confirmatio perficit Baptismum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2858 quodammodo; extrema unctio poenitentiam; matrimonium vero Ecclesiae
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2859 multitudinem per propagationem conservat.</p><p title="III q. 65 a. 4 ad 1"><a name="49865"><span class="ref">[49865] IIIª q. 65 a. 4 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2860 dicendum quod ad hoc quod aliquid non sit superfluum, sufficit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2861 necessarium primo vel secundo modo. Et sic sunt necessaria
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2862 sacramenta, ut dictum est.</p><p title="III q. 65 a. 4 ad 2"><a name="49866"><span class="ref">[49866] IIIª q. 65 a. 4 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2863 dicendum quod illud verbum domini est intelligendum de spirituali
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2864 manducatione, et non de sola sacramentali, ut Augustinus exponit,
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2865 super Ioannem.</p><p title="III q. 65 a. 4 ad 3"><a name="49867"><span class="ref">[49867] IIIª q. 65 a. 4 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2866 dicendum quod, licet omnium sacramentorum contemptus sit saluti
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2867 contrarius, non tamen est contemptus sacramenti ex hoc quod aliquis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2868 non curat accipere sacramentum quod non est de necessitate salutis.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2869 Alioquin qui non accipiunt ordinem, et qui non contrahunt
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2870 matrimonium, contemnerent huiusmodi sacramenta.</p></div></div><div class="centro"><br/>
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2871 <p><a href="sth4053.html"><img alt="age retro" border="0" align="middle" height="19" width="19" src="icons/ageretro.gif"/></a>
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2872 <a href="sth4066.html"><img alt="age ultra" border="0" align="middle" height="19" width="19" src="icons/ageultra.gif"/></a></p>
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2873 <br/>
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2874 <hr/>
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2875 <br/>
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2876 <address>© 2006 Fundación Tomás de Aquino quoad
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2877 hanc editionem<br/>
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2878 Iura omnia asservantur<br/>
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2879 OCLC nr. <a style="text-decoration=none" href="http://worldcatlibraries.org/wcpa/oclc/49644264">49644264</a></address>
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2880 </div></body>
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2881 </html>

Mercurial > hg > Aquinas

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