Aquinas: summa/latin/sth3023.html annotate

annotate summa/latin/sth3023.html @ 46:6cfdc13efd8a

from www.ccel.org/ss/

author	ht
date	Sun, 20 Dec 2009 22:10:12 +0000
parents	544e12f679ad
children	d777cc3962f2

rev	line source
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1 <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN"
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2 "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3 <html lang="LA" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="LA">
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4 <head>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5 <meta name="generator" content=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6 "HTML Tidy for Windows (vers 1st February 2005), see www.w3.org" />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7 <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	8 "text/html; charset=us-ascii" />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	9 <meta http-equiv="Content-Style-Type" content="text/css" />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	10 <meta http-equiv="Content-Script-Type" content="text/javascript" />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	11 <meta name="keywords" content=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	12 "Thomas de Aquino, Summa Theologiae, Corpus Thomisticum" />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	13 <meta name="language" content="Latin" />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	14 <meta name="security" content="public" />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	15 <meta name="owner" content="ealarcon@unav.es" />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	16 <meta name="author" content="Enrique Alarcón" />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	17 <meta name="abstract" content="" />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	18 <link rel="stylesheet" media="screen" href="vscreen.css" type=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	19 "text/css" />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	20 <link rel="stylesheet" media="print" href="vprint.css" type=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	21 "text/css" />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	22 <title>Thomas de Aquino, Summa Theologiae, IIª-IIae q.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	23 23-24</title>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	24 </head>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	25 <body>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	26 <a href="http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/"></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	27 <div class="tres">CORPUS THOMISTICUM</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	28 <div class="uno">Sancti Thomae de Aquino</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	29 <div class="uno">Summa Theologiae</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	30 <div class="dos">secunda pars secundae partis a quaestione XXIII ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	31 XXIV</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	32 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	33 <div class="centro">
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	34 <table align="center" summary="Imago">
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	35 <tr>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	36 <th><img src="icons/fugit190.jpg" width="275" height="190" border=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	37 "0" alt=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	38 "Thomas de Aquino a Filippino Lippi depictus (Cappella Carafa, S. Maria sopra Minerva, Roma)"
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	39 align="middle" /></th>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	40 </tr>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	41 </table>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	42 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	43 <span class="tres">Textum Leoninum Romae 1895 editum<br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	44 ac automato translatum a Roberto Busa SJ in taenias
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	45 magneticas<br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	46 denuo recognovit Enrique Alarcón atque instruxit<br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	47 <br /></span><br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	48 <hr />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	49 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	50 <p><a href="sth3017.html"><img src="icons/ageretro.gif" width="19"
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	51 height="19" align="middle" border="0" alt="age retro" /></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	52 <a href="sth3025.html"><img src="icons/ageultra.gif" width="19"
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	53 height="19" align="middle" border="0" alt="age ultra" /></a></p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	54 <script language="JavaScript" type="text/javascript">
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	55 //<![CDATA[
26 4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	56 <!--
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	57 // original code by Bill Trefzger 12/12/96; revised by Enrique Alarcon 12/9/2000
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	58 function go(){if(document.selecter.select1.options[document.selecter.select1.selectedIndex].value !="none"){location=document.selecter.select1.options[document.selecter.select1.selectedIndex].value}}
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	59 document.write('<FORM NAME="selecter"><SELECT NAME="select1">');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	60 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="none">INDEX');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	61 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="none">------------------------------------------------');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	62 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="index.html">Corpus Thomisticum');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	63 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="iopera.html">Opera omnia');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	64 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="zbiblia.html">Bibliographia Thomistica');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	65 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="none">------------------------------------------------');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	66 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39722">IIª-IIae q. 23 pr.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	67 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39723">IIª-IIae q. 23 a. 1 arg. 1');
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4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	71 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39727">IIª-IIae q. 23 a. 1 co.');
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4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	79 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39735">IIª-IIae q. 23 a. 2 co.');
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4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	81 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39737">IIª-IIae q. 23 a. 2 ad 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	82 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39738">IIª-IIae q. 23 a. 2 ad 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	83 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39739">IIª-IIae q. 23 a. 3 arg. 1');
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4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	87 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39743">IIª-IIae q. 23 a. 3 co.');
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4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	89 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39745">IIª-IIae q. 23 a. 3 ad 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	90 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39746">IIª-IIae q. 23 a. 3 ad 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	91 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39747">IIª-IIae q. 23 a. 4 arg. 1');
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4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	94 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39750">IIª-IIae q. 23 a. 4 s. c.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	95 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39751">IIª-IIae q. 23 a. 4 co.');
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4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	98 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39754">IIª-IIae q. 23 a. 4 ad 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	99 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39755">IIª-IIae q. 23 a. 5 arg. 1');
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4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	102 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39758">IIª-IIae q. 23 a. 5 s. c.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	103 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39759">IIª-IIae q. 23 a. 5 co.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	104 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39760">IIª-IIae q. 23 a. 5 ad 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	105 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39761">IIª-IIae q. 23 a. 5 ad 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	106 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39762">IIª-IIae q. 23 a. 5 ad 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	107 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39763">IIª-IIae q. 23 a. 6 arg. 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	108 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39764">IIª-IIae q. 23 a. 6 arg. 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	109 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39765">IIª-IIae q. 23 a. 6 arg. 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	110 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39766">IIª-IIae q. 23 a. 6 s. c.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	111 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39767">IIª-IIae q. 23 a. 6 co.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	112 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39768">IIª-IIae q. 23 a. 6 ad 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	113 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39769">IIª-IIae q. 23 a. 6 ad 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	114 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39770">IIª-IIae q. 23 a. 6 ad 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	115 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39771">IIª-IIae q. 23 a. 7 arg. 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	116 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39772">IIª-IIae q. 23 a. 7 arg. 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	117 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39773">IIª-IIae q. 23 a. 7 arg. 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	118 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39774">IIª-IIae q. 23 a. 7 s. c.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	119 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39775">IIª-IIae q. 23 a. 7 co.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	120 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39776">IIª-IIae q. 23 a. 7 ad 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	121 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39777">IIª-IIae q. 23 a. 7 ad 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	122 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39778">IIª-IIae q. 23 a. 7 ad 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	123 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39779">IIª-IIae q. 23 a. 8 arg. 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	124 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39780">IIª-IIae q. 23 a. 8 arg. 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	125 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39781">IIª-IIae q. 23 a. 8 arg. 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	126 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39782">IIª-IIae q. 23 a. 8 s. c.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	127 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39783">IIª-IIae q. 23 a. 8 co.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	128 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39784">IIª-IIae q. 23 a. 8 ad 1');
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4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	130 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39786">IIª-IIae q. 23 a. 8 ad 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	131 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39787">IIª-IIae q. 24 pr.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	132 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39788">IIª-IIae q. 24 a. 1 arg. 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	133 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39789">IIª-IIae q. 24 a. 1 arg. 2');
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4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	135 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39791">IIª-IIae q. 24 a. 1 s. c.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	136 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39792">IIª-IIae q. 24 a. 1 co.');
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4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	138 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39794">IIª-IIae q. 24 a. 1 ad 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	139 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39795">IIª-IIae q. 24 a. 1 ad 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	140 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39796">IIª-IIae q. 24 a. 2 arg. 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	141 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39797">IIª-IIae q. 24 a. 2 arg. 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	142 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39798">IIª-IIae q. 24 a. 2 arg. 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	143 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39799">IIª-IIae q. 24 a. 2 s. c.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	144 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39800">IIª-IIae q. 24 a. 2 co.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	145 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39801">IIª-IIae q. 24 a. 2 ad 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	146 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39802">IIª-IIae q. 24 a. 2 ad 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	147 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39803">IIª-IIae q. 24 a. 2 ad 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	148 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39804">IIª-IIae q. 24 a. 3 arg. 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	149 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39805">IIª-IIae q. 24 a. 3 arg. 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	150 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39806">IIª-IIae q. 24 a. 3 arg. 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	151 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39807">IIª-IIae q. 24 a. 3 s. c.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	152 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39808">IIª-IIae q. 24 a. 3 co.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	153 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39809">IIª-IIae q. 24 a. 3 ad 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	154 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39810">IIª-IIae q. 24 a. 3 ad 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	155 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39811">IIª-IIae q. 24 a. 3 ad 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	156 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39812">IIª-IIae q. 24 a. 4 arg. 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	157 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39813">IIª-IIae q. 24 a. 4 arg. 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	158 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39814">IIª-IIae q. 24 a. 4 arg. 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	159 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39815">IIª-IIae q. 24 a. 4 s. c.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	160 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39816">IIª-IIae q. 24 a. 4 co.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	161 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39817">IIª-IIae q. 24 a. 4 ad 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	162 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39818">IIª-IIae q. 24 a. 4 ad 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	163 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39819">IIª-IIae q. 24 a. 4 ad 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	164 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39820">IIª-IIae q. 24 a. 5 arg. 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	165 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39821">IIª-IIae q. 24 a. 5 arg. 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	166 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39822">IIª-IIae q. 24 a. 5 arg. 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	167 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39823">IIª-IIae q. 24 a. 5 s. c.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	168 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39824">IIª-IIae q. 24 a. 5 co.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	169 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39825">IIª-IIae q. 24 a. 5 ad 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	170 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39826">IIª-IIae q. 24 a. 5 ad 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	171 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39827">IIª-IIae q. 24 a. 5 ad 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	172 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39828">IIª-IIae q. 24 a. 6 arg. 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	173 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39829">IIª-IIae q. 24 a. 6 arg. 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	174 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39830">IIª-IIae q. 24 a. 6 arg. 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	175 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39831">IIª-IIae q. 24 a. 6 s. c.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	176 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39832">IIª-IIae q. 24 a. 6 co.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	177 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39833">IIª-IIae q. 24 a. 6 ad 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	178 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39834">IIª-IIae q. 24 a. 6 ad 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	179 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39835">IIª-IIae q. 24 a. 6 ad 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	180 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39836">IIª-IIae q. 24 a. 7 arg. 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	181 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39837">IIª-IIae q. 24 a. 7 arg. 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	182 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39838">IIª-IIae q. 24 a. 7 arg. 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	183 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39839">IIª-IIae q. 24 a. 7 s. c.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	184 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39840">IIª-IIae q. 24 a. 7 co.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	185 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39841">IIª-IIae q. 24 a. 7 ad 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	186 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39842">IIª-IIae q. 24 a. 7 ad 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	187 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39843">IIª-IIae q. 24 a. 7 ad 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	188 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39844">IIª-IIae q. 24 a. 8 arg. 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	189 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39845">IIª-IIae q. 24 a. 8 arg. 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	190 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39846">IIª-IIae q. 24 a. 8 arg. 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	191 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39847">IIª-IIae q. 24 a. 8 s. c.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	192 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39848">IIª-IIae q. 24 a. 8 co.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	193 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39849">IIª-IIae q. 24 a. 8 ad 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	194 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39850">IIª-IIae q. 24 a. 8 ad 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	195 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39851">IIª-IIae q. 24 a. 8 ad 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	196 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39852">IIª-IIae q. 24 a. 9 arg. 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	197 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39853">IIª-IIae q. 24 a. 9 arg. 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	198 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39854">IIª-IIae q. 24 a. 9 arg. 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	199 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39855">IIª-IIae q. 24 a. 9 s. c.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	200 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39856">IIª-IIae q. 24 a. 9 co.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	201 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39857">IIª-IIae q. 24 a. 9 ad 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	202 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39858">IIª-IIae q. 24 a. 9 ad 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	203 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39859">IIª-IIae q. 24 a. 9 ad 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	204 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39860">IIª-IIae q. 24 a. 10 arg. 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	205 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39861">IIª-IIae q. 24 a. 10 arg. 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	206 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39862">IIª-IIae q. 24 a. 10 arg. 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	207 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39863">IIª-IIae q. 24 a. 10 s. c.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	208 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39864">IIª-IIae q. 24 a. 10 co.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	209 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39865">IIª-IIae q. 24 a. 10 ad 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	210 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39866">IIª-IIae q. 24 a. 10 ad 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	211 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39867">IIª-IIae q. 24 a. 10 ad 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	212 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39868">IIª-IIae q. 24 a. 11 arg. 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	213 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39869">IIª-IIae q. 24 a. 11 arg. 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	214 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39870">IIª-IIae q. 24 a. 11 arg. 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	215 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39871">IIª-IIae q. 24 a. 11 arg. 4');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	216 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39872">IIª-IIae q. 24 a. 11 s. c.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	217 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39873">IIª-IIae q. 24 a. 11 co.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	218 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39874">IIª-IIae q. 24 a. 11 ad 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	219 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39875">IIª-IIae q. 24 a. 11 ad 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	220 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39876">IIª-IIae q. 24 a. 11 ad 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	221 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39877">IIª-IIae q. 24 a. 11 ad 4');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	222 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39878">IIª-IIae q. 24 a. 12 arg. 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	223 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39879">IIª-IIae q. 24 a. 12 arg. 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	224 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39880">IIª-IIae q. 24 a. 12 arg. 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	225 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39881">IIª-IIae q. 24 a. 12 arg. 4');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	226 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39882">IIª-IIae q. 24 a. 12 arg. 5');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	227 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39883">IIª-IIae q. 24 a. 12 s. c.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	228 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39884">IIª-IIae q. 24 a. 12 co.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	229 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39885">IIª-IIae q. 24 a. 12 ad 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	230 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39886">IIª-IIae q. 24 a. 12 ad 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	231 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39887">IIª-IIae q. 24 a. 12 ad 4');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	232 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39888">IIª-IIae q. 24 a. 12 ad 5');
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	233 document.write('<\/SELECT>');
26 4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	234 document.write('<BR><BR>');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	235 document.write('<INPUT TYPE="button" VALUE="Agedum" ONCLICK="go()">');
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	236 document.write('<\/FORM>');
26 4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	237 // -->
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	238 //]]>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	239 </script><br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	240 <hr />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	241 <br /></div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	242 <div class="D">Quaestio 23</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	243 <div class="G">Prooemium</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	244 <p title="II-II q. 23 pr."><a name="39722"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	245 "ref">[39722] IIª-IIae q. 23 pr.</span></a> Consequenter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	246 considerandum est de caritate. Et primo, de ipsa caritate; secundo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	247 de dono sapientiae ei correspondente. Circa primum consideranda
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	248 sunt quinque, primo, de ipsa caritate; secundo, de obiecto
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	249 caritatis; tertio, de actibus eius; quarto, de vitiis oppositis;
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	250 quinto, de praeceptis ad hoc pertinentibus. Circa primum est duplex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	251 consideratio, prima quidem de ipsa caritate secundum se; secunda de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	252 caritate per comparationem ad subiectum. Circa primum quaeruntur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	253 octo. Primo, utrum caritas sit amicitia. Secundo, utrum sit aliquid
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	254 creatum in anima. Tertio, utrum sit virtus. Quarto, utrum sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	255 virtus specialis. Quinto, utrum sit una virtus. Sexto, utrum sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	256 maxima virtutum. Septimo, utrum sine ea possit esse aliqua vera
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	257 virtus. Octavo, utrum sit forma virtutum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	258 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	259 <div class="E">Articulus 1</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	260 <p title="II-II q. 23 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="39723"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	261 "ref">[39723] IIª-IIae q. 23 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	262 sic proceditur. Videtur quod caritas non sit amicitia. <i>Nihil
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	263 enim est ita proprium amicitiae sicut convivere amico</i>; ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	264 philosophus dicit, in VIII Ethic. Sed caritas est hominis ad Deum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	265 et ad Angelos, quorum non est cum hominibus conversatio, ut dicitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	266 Dan. II. Ergo caritas non est amicitia.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	267 <p title="II-II q. 23 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="39724"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	268 "ref">[39724] IIª-IIae q. 23 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	269 amicitia non est sine reamatione, ut dicitur in VIII Ethic. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	270 caritas habetur etiam ad inimicos, secundum illud Matth. V,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	271 <i>diligite inimicos vestros</i>. Ergo caritas non est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	272 amicitia.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	273 <p title="II-II q. 23 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="39725"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	274 "ref">[39725] IIª-IIae q. 23 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	275 amicitiae tres sunt species, secundum philosophum, in VIII Ethic.,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	276 scilicet amicitia delectabilis, utilis et honesti. Sed caritas non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	277 est amicitia utilis aut delectabilis, dicit enim Hieronymus, in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	278 Epist. ad Paulinum, quae ponitur in principio Bibliae, <i>illa est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	279 vera necessitudo, et Christi glutino copulata, quam non utilitas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	280 rei familiaris, non praesentia tantum corporum, non subdola et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	281 palpans adulatio, sed Dei timor et divinarum Scripturarum studia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	282 conciliant</i>. Similiter etiam non est amicitia honesti, quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	283 caritate diligimus etiam peccatores; amicitia vero honesti non est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	284 nisi ad virtuosos, ut dicitur in VIII Ethic. Ergo caritas non est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	285 amicitia.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	286 <p title="II-II q. 23 a. 1 s. c."><a name="39726"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	287 "ref">[39726] IIª-IIae q. 23 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	288 est quod Ioan. XV dicitur, <i>iam non dicam vos servos, sed amicos
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	289 meos</i>. Sed hoc non dicebatur eis nisi ratione caritatis. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	290 caritas est amicitia.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	291 <p title="II-II q. 23 a. 1 co."><a name="39727"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	292 "ref">[39727] IIª-IIae q. 23 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	293 dicendum quod, secundum philosophum, in VIII Ethic., non quilibet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	294 amor habet rationem amicitiae, sed amor qui est cum benevolentia,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	295 quando scilicet sic amamus aliquem ut ei bonum velimus. Si autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	296 rebus amatis non bonum velimus, sed ipsum eorum bonum velimus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	297 nobis, sicut dicimur amare vinum aut equum aut aliquid huiusmodi,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	298 non est amor amicitiae, sed cuiusdam concupiscentiae, ridiculum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	299 enim est dicere quod aliquis habeat amicitiam ad vinum vel ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	300 equum. Sed nec benevolentia sufficit ad rationem amicitiae, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	301 requiritur quaedam mutua amatio, quia amicus est amico amicus.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	302 Talis autem mutua benevolentia fundatur super aliqua
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	303 communicatione. Cum igitur sit aliqua communicatio hominis ad Deum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	304 secundum quod nobis suam beatitudinem communicat, super hac
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	305 communicatione oportet aliquam amicitiam fundari. De qua quidem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	306 communicatione dicitur I ad Cor. I, <i>fidelis Deus, per quem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	307 vocati estis in societatem filii eius</i>. Amor autem super hac
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	308 communicatione fundatus est caritas. Unde manifestum est quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	309 caritas amicitia quaedam est hominis ad Deum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	310 <p title="II-II q. 23 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="39728"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	311 "ref">[39728] IIª-IIae q. 23 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	312 ergo dicendum quod duplex est hominis vita. Una quidem exterior
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	313 secundum naturam sensibilem et corporalem, et secundum hanc vitam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	314 non est nobis communicatio vel conversatio cum Deo et Angelis. Alia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	315 autem est vita hominis spiritualis secundum mentem. Et secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	316 hanc vitam est nobis conversatio et cum Deo et cum Angelis. In
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	317 praesenti quidem statu imperfecte, unde dicitur Philipp. III,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	318 <i>nostra conversatio in caelis est</i>. Sed ista conversatio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	319 perficietur in patria, quando servi eius servient Deo et videbunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	320 faciem eius, ut dicitur Apoc. ult. Et ideo hic est caritas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	321 imperfecta, sed perficietur in patria.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	322 <p title="II-II q. 23 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="39729"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	323 "ref">[39729] IIª-IIae q. 23 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	324 dicendum quod amicitia se extendit ad aliquem dupliciter. Uno modo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	325 respectu sui ipsius, et sic amicitia nunquam est nisi ad amicum.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	326 Alio modo se extendit ad aliquem respectu alterius personae, sicut,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	327 si aliquis habet amicitiam ad aliquem hominem, ratione eius diligit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	328 omnes ad illum hominem pertinentes, sive filios sive servos sive
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	329 qualitercumque ei attinentes. Et tanta potest esse dilectio amici
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	330 quod propter amicum amantur hi qui ad ipsum pertinent etiam si nos
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	331 offendant vel odiant. Et hoc modo amicitia caritatis se extendit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	332 etiam ad inimicos, quos diligimus ex caritate in ordine ad Deum, ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	333 quem principaliter habetur amicitia caritatis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	334 <p title="II-II q. 23 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="39730"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	335 "ref">[39730] IIª-IIae q. 23 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	336 dicendum quod amicitia honesti non habetur nisi ad virtuosum sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	337 ad principalem personam, sed eius intuitu diliguntur ad eum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	338 attinentes etiam si non sint virtuosi. Et hoc modo caritas, quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	339 maxime est amicitia honesti, se extendit ad peccatores, quos ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	340 caritate diligimus propter Deum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	341 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	342 <div class="E">Articulus 2</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	343 <p title="II-II q. 23 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="39731"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	344 "ref">[39731] IIª-IIae q. 23 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	345 secundum sic proceditur. Videtur quod caritas non sit aliquid
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	346 creatum in anima. Dicit enim Augustinus, in VIII de Trin., <i>qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	347 proximum diligit, consequens est ut ipsam dilectionem diligat. Deus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	348 autem dilectio est. Consequens est ergo ut praecipue Deum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	349 diligat</i>. Et in XV de Trin. dicit, <i>ita dictum est, Deus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	350 caritas est, sicut dictum est, Deus spiritus est</i>. Ergo caritas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	351 non est aliquid creatum in anima, sed est ipse Deus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	352 <p title="II-II q. 23 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="39732"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	353 "ref">[39732] IIª-IIae q. 23 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	354 Deus est spiritualiter vita animae, sicut anima vita corporis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	355 secundum illud Deut. XXX, <i>ipse est vita tua</i>. Sed anima
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	356 vivificat corpus per seipsam. Ergo Deus vivificat animam per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	357 seipsum. Vivificat autem eam per caritatem, secundum illud I Ioan.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	358 III, <i>nos scimus quoniam translati sumus de morte ad vitam,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	359 quoniam diligimus fratres</i>. Ergo Deus est ipsa caritas.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	360 <p title="II-II q. 23 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="39733"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	361 "ref">[39733] IIª-IIae q. 23 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	362 nihil creatum est infinitae virtutis, sed magis omnis creatura est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	363 vanitas. Caritas autem non est vanitas, sed magis vanitati
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	364 repugnat, et est infinitae virtutis, quia animam hominis ad bonum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	365 infinitum perducit. Ergo caritas non est aliquid creatum in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	366 anima.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	367 <p title="II-II q. 23 a. 2 s. c."><a name="39734"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	368 "ref">[39734] IIª-IIae q. 23 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	369 est quod Augustinus dicit, in III de Doct. Christ., <i>caritatem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	370 voco motum animi ad fruendum Deo propter ipsum</i>. Sed motus animi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	371 est aliquid creatum in anima. Ergo et caritas est aliquid creatum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	372 in anima.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	373 <p title="II-II q. 23 a. 2 co."><a name="39735"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	374 "ref">[39735] IIª-IIae q. 23 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	375 dicendum quod Magister perscrutatur hanc quaestionem in XVII dist.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	376 I Lib. Sent., et ponit quod caritas non est aliquid creatum in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	377 anima, sed est ipse spiritus sanctus mentem inhabitans. Nec est sua
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	378 intentio quod iste motus dilectionis quo Deum diligimus sit ipse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	379 spiritus sanctus, sed quod iste motus dilectionis est a spiritu
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	380 sancto non mediante aliquo habitu, sicut a spiritu sancto sunt alii
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	381 actus virtuosi mediantibus habitibus aliarum virtutum, puta habitu
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	382 spei aut fidei aut alicuius alterius virtutis. Et hoc dicebat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	383 propter excellentiam caritatis. Sed si quis recte consideret, hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	384 magis redundat in caritatis detrimentum. Non enim motus caritatis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	385 ita procedit a spiritu sancto movente humanam mentem quod humana
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	386 mens sit mota tantum et nullo modo sit principium huius motus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	387 sicut cum aliquod corpus movetur ab aliquo exteriori movente. Hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	388 enim est contra rationem voluntarii, cuius oportet principium in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	389 ipso esse, sicut supra dictum est. Unde sequeretur quod diligere
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	390 non esset voluntarium. Quod implicat contradictionem, cum amor de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	391 sui ratione importet quod sit actus voluntatis. Similiter etiam non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	392 potest dici quod sic moveat spiritus sanctus voluntatem ad actum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	393 diligendi sicut movetur instrumentum quod, etsi sit principium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	394 actus, non tamen est in ipso agere vel non agere. Sic enim etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	395 tolleretur ratio voluntarii, et excluderetur ratio meriti, cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	396 tamen supra habitum sit quod dilectio caritatis est radix merendi.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	397 Sed oportet quod sic voluntas moveatur a spiritu sancto ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	398 diligendum quod etiam ipsa sit efficiens hunc actum. Nullus autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	399 actus perfecte producitur ab aliqua potentia activa nisi sit ei
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	400 connaturalis per aliquam formam quae sit principium actionis. Unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	401 Deus, qui omnia movet ad debitos fines, singulis rebus indidit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	402 formas per quas inclinantur ad fines sibi praestitutos a Deo, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	403 secundum hoc disponit omnia suaviter, ut dicitur Sap. VIII.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	404 Manifestum est autem quod actus caritatis excedit naturam potentiae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	405 voluntatis. Nisi ergo aliqua forma superadderetur naturali
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	406 potentiae per quam inclinaretur ad dilectionis actum, secundum hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	407 esset actus iste imperfectior actibus naturalibus et actibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	408 aliarum virtutum, nec esset facilis et delectabilis. Quod patet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	409 esse falsum, quia nulla virtus habet tantam inclinationem ad suum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	410 actum sicut caritas, nec aliqua ita delectabiliter operatur. Unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	411 maxime necesse est quod ad actum caritatis existat in nobis aliqua
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	412 habitualis forma superaddita potentiae naturali, inclinans ipsam ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	413 caritatis actum, et faciens eam prompte et delectabiliter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	414 operari.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	415 <p title="II-II q. 23 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="39736"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	416 "ref">[39736] IIª-IIae q. 23 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	417 ergo dicendum quod ipsa essentia divina caritas est, sicut et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	418 sapientia est, et sicut bonitas est. Unde sicut dicimur boni
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	419 bonitate quae Deus est, et sapientes sapientia quae Deus est, quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	420 bonitas qua formaliter boni sumus est participatio quaedam divinae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	421 bonitatis, et sapientia qua formaliter sapientes sumus est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	422 participatio quaedam divinae sapientiae; ita etiam caritas qua
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	423 formaliter diligimus proximum est quaedam participatio divinae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	424 caritatis. Hic enim modus loquendi consuetus est apud Platonicos,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	425 quorum doctrinis Augustinus fuit imbutus. Quod quidam non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	426 advertentes ex verbis eius sumpserunt occasionem errandi.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	427 <p title="II-II q. 23 a. 2 ad 2"><a name="39737"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	428 "ref">[39737] IIª-IIae q. 23 a. 2 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	429 dicendum quod Deus est vita effective et animae per caritatem et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	430 corporis per animam, sed formaliter caritas est vita animae, sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	431 et anima corporis. Unde per hoc potest concludi quod, sicut anima
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	432 immediate unitur corpori, ita caritas animae.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	433 <p title="II-II q. 23 a. 2 ad 3"><a name="39738"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	434 "ref">[39738] IIª-IIae q. 23 a. 2 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	435 dicendum quod caritas operatur formaliter. Efficacia autem formae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	436 est secundum virtutem agentis qui inducit formam. Et ideo quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	437 caritas non est vanitas, sed facit effectum infinitum dum coniungit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	438 animam Deo iustificando ipsam, hoc demonstrat infinitatem virtutis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	439 divinae, quae est caritatis auctor.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	440 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	441 <div class="E">Articulus 3</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	442 <p title="II-II q. 23 a. 3 arg. 1"><a name="39739"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	443 "ref">[39739] IIª-IIae q. 23 a. 3 arg. 1</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	444 sic proceditur. Videtur quod caritas non sit virtus. Caritas enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	445 est amicitia quaedam. Sed amicitia a philosophis non ponitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	446 virtus, ut in libro Ethic. patet, neque enim connumeratur inter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	447 virtutes morales neque inter intellectuales. Ergo etiam neque
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	448 caritas est virtus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	449 <p title="II-II q. 23 a. 3 arg. 2"><a name="39740"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	450 "ref">[39740] IIª-IIae q. 23 a. 3 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	451 virtus est ultimum potentiae, ut dicitur in I de caelo. Sed caritas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	452 non est ultimum; sed magis gaudium et pax. Ergo videtur quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	453 caritas non sit virtus; sed magis gaudium et pax.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	454 <p title="II-II q. 23 a. 3 arg. 3"><a name="39741"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	455 "ref">[39741] IIª-IIae q. 23 a. 3 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	456 omnis virtus est quidam habitus accidentalis. Sed caritas non est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	457 habitus accidentalis, cum sit nobilior ipsa anima; nullum autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	458 accidens est nobilius subiecto. Ergo caritas non est virtus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	459 <p title="II-II q. 23 a. 3 s. c."><a name="39742"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	460 "ref">[39742] IIª-IIae q. 23 a. 3 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	461 est quod Augustinus dicit, in libro de moribus Eccles., <i>caritas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	462 est virtus quae, cum nostra rectissima affectio est, coniungit nos
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	463 Deo, qua eum diligimus</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	464 <p title="II-II q. 23 a. 3 co."><a name="39743"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	465 "ref">[39743] IIª-IIae q. 23 a. 3 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	466 dicendum quod humani actus bonitatem habent secundum quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	467 regulantur debita regula et mensura, et ideo humana virtus, quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	468 est principium omnium bonorum actuum hominis, consistit in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	469 attingendo regulam humanorum actuum. Quae quidem est duplex, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	470 supra dictum est, scilicet humana ratio, et ipse Deus. Unde sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	471 virtus moralis definitur per hoc quod est secundum rationem rectam,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	472 ut patet in II Ethic., ita etiam attingere Deum constituit rationem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	473 virtutis, sicut etiam supra dictum est de fide et spe. Unde, cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	474 caritas attingit Deum, quia coniungit nos Deo, ut patet per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	475 auctoritatem Augustini inductam; consequens est caritatem esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	476 virtutem.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	477 <p title="II-II q. 23 a. 3 ad 1"><a name="39744"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	478 "ref">[39744] IIª-IIae q. 23 a. 3 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	479 ergo dicendum quod philosophus in VIII Ethic. non negat amicitiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	480 esse virtutem, sed dicit quod est virtus vel cum virtute. Posset
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	481 enim dici quod est virtus moralis circa operationes quae sunt ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	482 alium, sub alia tamen ratione quam iustitia. Nam iustitia est circa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	483 operationes quae sunt ad alium sub ratione debiti legalis, amicitia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	484 autem sub ratione cuiusdam debiti amicabilis et moralis, vel magis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	485 sub ratione beneficii gratuiti, ut patet per philosophum, in VIII
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	486 Ethic. Potest tamen dici quod non est virtus per se ab aliis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	487 distincta. Non enim habet rationem laudabilis et honesti nisi ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	488 obiecto, secundum scilicet quod fundatur super honestate virtutum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	489 quod patet ex hoc quod non quaelibet amicitia habet rationem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	490 laudabilis et honesti, sicut patet in amicitia delectabilis et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	491 utilis. Unde amicitia virtuosa magis est aliquid consequens ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	492 virtutes quam sit virtus. Nec est simile de caritate, quae non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	493 fundatur principaliter super virtute humana, sed super bonitate
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	494 divina.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	495 <p title="II-II q. 23 a. 3 ad 2"><a name="39745"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	496 "ref">[39745] IIª-IIae q. 23 a. 3 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	497 dicendum quod eiusdem virtutis est diligere aliquem et gaudere de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	498 illo, nam gaudium amorem consequitur, ut supra habitum est, cum de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	499 passionibus ageretur. Et ideo magis ponitur virtus amor quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	500 gaudium, quod est amoris effectus. Ultimum autem quod ponitur in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	501 ratione virtutis non importat ordinem effectus, sed magis ordinem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	502 superexcessus cuiusdam, sicut centum librae excedunt sexaginta.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	503 <p title="II-II q. 23 a. 3 ad 3"><a name="39746"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	504 "ref">[39746] IIª-IIae q. 23 a. 3 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	505 dicendum quod omne accidens secundum suum esse est inferius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	506 substantia, quia substantia est ens per se, accidens autem in alio.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	507 Sed secundum rationem suae speciei, accidens quidem quod causatur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	508 ex principiis subiecti est indignius subiecto, sicut effectus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	509 causa. Accidens autem quod causatur ex participatione alicuius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	510 superioris naturae est dignius subiecto, inquantum est similitudo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	511 superioris naturae, sicut lux diaphano. Et hoc modo caritas est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	512 dignior anima, inquantum est participatio quaedam spiritus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	513 sancti.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	514 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	515 <div class="E">Articulus 4</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	516 <p title="II-II q. 23 a. 4 arg. 1"><a name="39747"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	517 "ref">[39747] IIª-IIae q. 23 a. 4 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quartum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	518 sic proceditur. Videtur quod caritas non sit virtus specialis.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	519 Dicit enim Hieronymus, <i>ut breviter omnem virtutis definitionem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	520 complectar, virtus est caritas, qua diligitur Deus et proximus</i>.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	521 Et Augustinus dicit, in libro de moribus Eccles., quod <i>virtus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	522 est ordo amoris</i>. Sed nulla virtus specialis ponitur in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	523 definitione virtutis communis. Ergo caritas non est specialis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	524 virtus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	525 <p title="II-II q. 23 a. 4 arg. 2"><a name="39748"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	526 "ref">[39748] IIª-IIae q. 23 a. 4 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	527 illud quod se extendit ad opera omnium virtutum non potest esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	528 specialis virtus. Sed caritas se extendit ad opera omnium virtutum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	529 secundum illud I ad Cor. XIII, <i>caritas patiens est, benigna
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	530 est</i>, et cetera. Extendit etiam se ad omnia opera humana,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	531 secundum illud I ad Cor. ult., <i>omnia opera vestra in caritate
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	532 fiant</i>. Ergo caritas non est specialis virtus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	533 <p title="II-II q. 23 a. 4 arg. 3"><a name="39749"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	534 "ref">[39749] IIª-IIae q. 23 a. 4 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	535 praecepta legis respondent actibus virtutum. Sed Augustinus, in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	536 libro de Perfect. Hum. Iust., dicit quod <i>generalis iussio est,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	537 diliges; et generalis prohibitio, non concupisces</i>. Ergo caritas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	538 est generalis virtus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	539 <p title="II-II q. 23 a. 4 s. c."><a name="39750"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	540 "ref">[39750] IIª-IIae q. 23 a. 4 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	541 nullum generale connumeratur speciali. Sed caritas connumeratur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	542 specialibus virtutibus, scilicet fidei et spei, secundum illud I ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	543 Cor. XIII, <i>nunc autem manent fides, spes, caritas, tria
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	544 haec</i>. Ergo caritas est virtus specialis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	545 <p title="II-II q. 23 a. 4 co."><a name="39751"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	546 "ref">[39751] IIª-IIae q. 23 a. 4 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	547 dicendum quod actus et habitus specificantur per obiecta, ut ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	548 supradictis patet. Proprium autem obiectum amoris est bonum, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	549 supra habitum est. Et ideo ubi est specialis ratio boni, ibi est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	550 specialis ratio amoris. Bonum autem divinum, inquantum est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	551 beatitudinis obiectum, habet specialem rationem boni. Et ideo amor
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	552 caritatis, qui est amor huius boni, est specialis amor. Unde et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	553 caritas est specialis virtus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	554 <p title="II-II q. 23 a. 4 ad 1"><a name="39752"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	555 "ref">[39752] IIª-IIae q. 23 a. 4 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	556 ergo dicendum quod caritas ponitur in definitione omnis virtutis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	557 non quia sit essentialiter omnis virtus, sed quia ab ea dependent
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	558 aliqualiter omnes virtutes, ut infra dicetur. Sicut etiam prudentia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	559 ponitur in definitione virtutum moralium, ut patet in II et VI
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	560 Ethic., eo quod virtutes morales dependent a prudentia.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	561 <p title="II-II q. 23 a. 4 ad 2"><a name="39753"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	562 "ref">[39753] IIª-IIae q. 23 a. 4 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	563 dicendum quod virtus vel ars ad quam pertinet finis ultimus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	564 imperat virtutibus vel artibus ad quas pertinent alii fines
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	565 secundarii, sicut militaris imperat equestri, ut dicitur in I
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	566 Ethic. Et ideo, quia caritas habet pro obiecto ultimum finem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	567 humanae vitae, scilicet beatitudinem aeternam, ideo extendit se ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	568 actus totius humanae vitae per modum imperii, non quasi immediate
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	569 eliciens omnes actus virtutum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	570 <p title="II-II q. 23 a. 4 ad 3"><a name="39754"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	571 "ref">[39754] IIª-IIae q. 23 a. 4 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	572 dicendum quod praeceptum de diligendo dicitur esse iussio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	573 generalis, quia ad hoc reducuntur omnia alia praecepta sicut ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	574 finem, secundum illud I ad Tim. I, <i>finis praecepti caritas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	575 est</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	576 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	577 <div class="E">Articulus 5</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	578 <p title="II-II q. 23 a. 5 arg. 1"><a name="39755"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	579 "ref">[39755] IIª-IIae q. 23 a. 5 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quintum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	580 sic proceditur. Videtur quod caritas non sit una virtus. Habitus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	581 enim distinguuntur secundum obiecta. Sed duo sunt obiecta
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	582 caritatis, Deus et proximus, quae in infinitum ab invicem distant.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	583 Ergo caritas non est una virtus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	584 <p title="II-II q. 23 a. 5 arg. 2"><a name="39756"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	585 "ref">[39756] IIª-IIae q. 23 a. 5 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	586 diversae rationes obiecti diversificant habitum, etiam si obiectum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	587 sit realiter idem, ut ex supradictis patet. Sed multae sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	588 rationes diligendi Deum, quia ex singulis beneficiis eius perceptis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	589 debitores sumus dilectionis ipsius. Ergo caritas non est una
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	590 virtus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	591 <p title="II-II q. 23 a. 5 arg. 3"><a name="39757"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	592 "ref">[39757] IIª-IIae q. 23 a. 5 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	593 sub caritate includitur amicitia ad proximum. Sed philosophus, in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	594 VIII Ethic., ponit diversas amicitiae species. Ergo caritas non est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	595 una virtus, sed multiplicatur in diversas species.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	596 <p title="II-II q. 23 a. 5 s. c."><a name="39758"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	597 "ref">[39758] IIª-IIae q. 23 a. 5 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	598 sicut obiectum fidei est Deus, ita et caritatis. Sed fides est una
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	599 virtus, propter unitatem divinae veritatis, secundum illud ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	600 Ephes. IV, <i>una fides</i>. Ergo etiam caritas est una virtus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	601 propter unitatem divinae bonitatis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	602 <p title="II-II q. 23 a. 5 co."><a name="39759"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	603 "ref">[39759] IIª-IIae q. 23 a. 5 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	604 dicendum quod caritas, sicut dictum est, est quaedam amicitia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	605 hominis ad Deum. Diversae autem amicitiarum species accipiuntur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	606 quidem uno modo secundum diversitatem finis, et secundum hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	607 dicuntur tres species amicitiae, scilicet amicitia utilis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	608 delectabilis et honesti. Alio modo, secundum diversitatem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	609 communicationum in quibus amicitiae fundantur, sicut alia species
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	610 amicitiae est consanguineorum, et alia concivium aut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	611 peregrinantium, quarum una fundatur super communicatione naturali,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	612 aliae super communicatione civili vel peregrinationis; ut patet per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	613 philosophum, in VIII Ethic. Neutro autem istorum modorum caritas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	614 potest dividi in plura. Nam caritatis finis est unus, scilicet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	615 divina bonitas. Est etiam et una communicatio beatitudinis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	616 aeternae, super quam haec amicitia fundatur. Unde relinquitur quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	617 caritas est simpliciter una virtus, non distincta in plures
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	618 species.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	619 <p title="II-II q. 23 a. 5 ad 1"><a name="39760"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	620 "ref">[39760] IIª-IIae q. 23 a. 5 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	621 ergo dicendum quod ratio illa directe procederet si Deus et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	622 proximus ex aequo essent caritatis obiecta. Hoc autem non est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	623 verum, sed Deus est principale obiectum caritatis, proximus autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	624 ex caritate diligitur propter Deum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	625 <p title="II-II q. 23 a. 5 ad 2"><a name="39761"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	626 "ref">[39761] IIª-IIae q. 23 a. 5 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	627 dicendum quod caritate diligitur Deus propter seipsum. Unde una
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	628 sola ratio diligendi principaliter attenditur a caritate, scilicet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	629 divina bonitas, quae est eius substantia, secundum illud Psalm.,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	630 <i>confitemini domino, quoniam bonus</i>. Aliae autem rationes ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	631 diligendum inducentes, vel debitum dilectionis facientes, sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	632 secundariae et consequentes ex prima.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	633 <p title="II-II q. 23 a. 5 ad 3"><a name="39762"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	634 "ref">[39762] IIª-IIae q. 23 a. 5 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	635 dicendum quod amicitiae humanae, de qua philosophus loquitur, est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	636 diversus finis et diversa communicatio. Quod in caritate locum non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	637 habet, ut dictum est. Et ideo non est similis ratio.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	638 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	639 <div class="E">Articulus 6</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	640 <p title="II-II q. 23 a. 6 arg. 1"><a name="39763"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	641 "ref">[39763] IIª-IIae q. 23 a. 6 arg. 1</span></a> Ad sextum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	642 sic proceditur. Videtur quod caritas non sit excellentissima
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	643 virtutum. Altioris enim potentiae altior est virtus, sicut et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	644 altior operatio. Sed intellectus est altior voluntate, et dirigit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	645 ipsam. Ergo fides, quae est in intellectu, est excellentior
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	646 caritate, quae est in voluntate.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	647 <p title="II-II q. 23 a. 6 arg. 2"><a name="39764"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	648 "ref">[39764] IIª-IIae q. 23 a. 6 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	649 illud per quod aliud operatur, videtur eo esse inferius, sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	650 minister, per quem dominus aliquid operatur, est inferior domino.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	651 <i>Sed fides per dilectionem operatur</i>, ut habetur ad Gal. V.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	652 Ergo fides est excellentior caritate.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	653 <p title="II-II q. 23 a. 6 arg. 3"><a name="39765"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	654 "ref">[39765] IIª-IIae q. 23 a. 6 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	655 illud quod se habet ex additione ad aliud, videtur esse perfectius.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	656 Sed spes videtur se habere ex additione ad caritatem, nam caritatis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	657 obiectum est bonum, spei autem obiectum est bonum arduum. Ergo spes
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	658 est excellentior caritate.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	659 <p title="II-II q. 23 a. 6 s. c."><a name="39766"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	660 "ref">[39766] IIª-IIae q. 23 a. 6 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	661 est quod dicitur I ad Cor. XIII, <i>maior horum est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	662 caritas</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	663 <p title="II-II q. 23 a. 6 co."><a name="39767"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	664 "ref">[39767] IIª-IIae q. 23 a. 6 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	665 dicendum quod, cum bonum in humanis actibus attendatur secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	666 quod regulantur debita regula, necesse est quod virtus humana, quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	667 est principium bonorum actuum, consistat in attingendo humanorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	668 actuum regulam. Est autem duplex regula humanorum actuum, ut supra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	669 dictum est, scilicet ratio humana et Deus, sed Deus est prima
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	670 regula, a qua etiam humana ratio regulanda est. Et ideo virtutes
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	671 theologicae, quae consistunt in attingendo illam regulam primam, eo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	672 quod earum obiectum est Deus, excellentiores sunt virtutibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	673 moralibus vel intellectualibus, quae consistunt in attingendo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	674 rationem humanam. Propter quod oportet quod etiam inter ipsas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	675 virtutes theologicas illa sit potior quae magis Deum attingit.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	676 Semper autem id quod est per se magis est eo quod est per aliud.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	677 Fides autem et spes attingunt quidem Deum secundum quod ex ipso
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	678 provenit nobis vel cognitio veri vel adeptio boni, sed caritas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	679 attingit ipsum Deum ut in ipso sistat, non ut ex eo aliquid nobis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	680 proveniat. Et ideo caritas est excellentior fide et spe; et per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	681 consequens omnibus aliis virtutibus. Sicut etiam prudentia, quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	682 attingit rationem secundum se, est excellentior quam aliae virtutes
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	683 morales, quae attingunt rationem secundum quod ex ea medium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	684 constituitur in operationibus vel passionibus humanis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	685 <p title="II-II q. 23 a. 6 ad 1"><a name="39768"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	686 "ref">[39768] IIª-IIae q. 23 a. 6 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	687 ergo dicendum quod operatio intellectus completur secundum quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	688 intellectum est in intelligente, et ideo nobilitas operationis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	689 intellectualis attenditur secundum mensuram intellectus. Operatio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	690 autem voluntatis, et cuiuslibet virtutis appetitivae, perficitur in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	691 inclinatione appetentis ad rem sicut ad terminum. Ideo dignitas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	692 operationis appetitivae attenditur secundum rem quae est obiectum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	693 operationis. Ea autem quae sunt infra animam nobiliori modo sunt in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	694 anima quam in seipsis, quia unumquodque est in aliquo per modum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	695 eius in quo est, ut habetur in libro de causis, quae vero sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	696 supra animam nobiliori modo sunt in seipsis quam sint in anima. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	697 ideo eorum quae sunt infra nos nobilior est cognitio quam dilectio,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	698 propter quod philosophus, in X Ethic., praetulit virtutes
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	699 intellectuales moralibus. Sed eorum quae sunt supra nos, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	700 praecipue dilectio Dei, cognitioni praefertur. Et ideo caritas est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	701 excellentior fide.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	702 <p title="II-II q. 23 a. 6 ad 2"><a name="39769"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	703 "ref">[39769] IIª-IIae q. 23 a. 6 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	704 dicendum quod fides non operatur per dilectionem sicut per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	705 instrumentum, ut dominus per servum; sed sicut per formam propriam.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	706 Et ideo ratio non sequitur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	707 <p title="II-II q. 23 a. 6 ad 3"><a name="39770"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	708 "ref">[39770] IIª-IIae q. 23 a. 6 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	709 dicendum quod idem bonum est obiectum caritatis et spei, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	710 caritas importat unionem ad illud bonum, spes autem distantiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	711 quandam ab eo. Et inde est quod caritas non respicit illud bonum ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	712 arduum sicut spes, quod enim iam unitum est non habet rationem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	713 ardui. Et ex hoc apparet quod caritas est perfectior spe.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	714 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	715 <div class="E">Articulus 7</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	716 <p title="II-II q. 23 a. 7 arg. 1"><a name="39771"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	717 "ref">[39771] IIª-IIae q. 23 a. 7 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	718 septimum sic proceditur. Videtur quod sine caritate possit esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	719 aliqua vera virtus. Virtutis enim proprium est bonum actum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	720 producere. Sed illi qui non habent caritatem faciunt aliquos bonos
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	721 actus, puta dum nudum vestiunt, famelicum pascunt et similia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	722 operantur. Ergo sine caritate potest esse aliqua vera virtus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	723 <p title="II-II q. 23 a. 7 arg. 2"><a name="39772"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	724 "ref">[39772] IIª-IIae q. 23 a. 7 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	725 caritas non potest esse sine fide, procedit enim ex fide non ficta,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	726 ut apostolus dicit, I Tim. I. Sed in infidelibus potest esse vera
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	727 castitas, dum concupiscentias cohibent; et vera iustitia, dum recte
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	728 iudicant. Ergo vera virtus potest esse sine caritate.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	729 <p title="II-II q. 23 a. 7 arg. 3"><a name="39773"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	730 "ref">[39773] IIª-IIae q. 23 a. 7 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	731 scientia et ars quaedam virtutes sunt, ut patet in VI Ethic. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	732 huiusmodi inveniuntur in hominibus peccatoribus non habentibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	733 caritatem. Ergo vera virtus potest esse sine caritate.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	734 <p title="II-II q. 23 a. 7 s. c."><a name="39774"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	735 "ref">[39774] IIª-IIae q. 23 a. 7 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	736 est quod apostolus dicit, I ad Cor. XIII, <i>si distribuero in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	737 cibos pauperum omnes facultates meas, et si tradidero corpus meum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	738 ita ut ardeam, caritatem autem non habeam, nihil mihi prodest</i>.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	739 Sed virtus vera multum prodest, secundum illud Sap. VIII,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	740 <i>sobrietatem et iustitiam docet, prudentiam et virtutem, quibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	741 in vita nihil est utilius hominibus</i>. Ergo sine caritate vera
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	742 virtus esse non potest.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	743 <p title="II-II q. 23 a. 7 co."><a name="39775"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	744 "ref">[39775] IIª-IIae q. 23 a. 7 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	745 dicendum quod virtus ordinatur ad bonum, ut supra habitum est.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	746 Bonum autem principaliter est finis, nam ea quae sunt ad finem non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	747 dicuntur bona nisi in ordine ad finem. Sicut ergo duplex est finis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	748 unus ultimus et alius proximus, ita etiam est duplex bonum, unum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	749 quidem ultimum, et aliud proximum et particulare. Ultimum quidem et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	750 principale bonum hominis est Dei fruitio, secundum illud Psalm.,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	751 <i>mihi adhaerere Deo bonum est</i>, et ad hoc ordinatur homo per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	752 caritatem. Bonum autem secundarium et quasi particulare hominis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	753 potest esse duplex, unum quidem quod est vere bonum, utpote
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	754 ordinabile, quantum est in se, ad principale bonum, quod est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	755 ultimus finis; aliud autem est bonum apparens et non verum, quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	756 abducit a finali bono. Sic igitur patet quod virtus vera
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	757 simpliciter est illa quae ordinat ad principale bonum hominis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	758 sicut etiam philosophus, in VII Physic., dicit quod virtus est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	759 dispositio perfecti ad optimum. Et sic nulla vera virtus potest
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	760 esse sine caritate. Sed si accipiatur virtus secundum quod est in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	761 ordine ad aliquem finem particularem, sic potest aliqua virtus dici
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	762 sine caritate, inquantum ordinatur ad aliquod particulare bonum.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	763 Sed si illud particulare bonum non sit verum bonum, sed apparens,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	764 virtus etiam quae est in ordine ad hoc bonum non erit vera virtus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	765 sed falsa similitudo virtutis, sicut <i>non est vera virtus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	766 avarorum prudentia, qua excogitant diversa genera lucellorum; et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	767 avarorum iustitia, qua gravium damnorum metu contemnunt aliena; et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	768 avarorum temperantia, qua luxuriae, quoniam sumptuosa est, cohibent
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	769 appetitum; et avarorum fortitudo, qua, ut ait Horatius, per mare
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	770 pauperiem fugiunt, per saxa, per ignes</i>, ut Augustinus dicit, in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	771 IV Lib. contra Iulian. Si vero illud bonum particulare sit verum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	772 bonum, puta conservatio civitatis vel aliquid huiusmodi, erit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	773 quidem vera virtus, sed imperfecta, nisi referatur ad finale et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	774 perfectum bonum. Et secundum hoc simpliciter vera virtus sine
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	775 caritate esse non potest.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	776 <p title="II-II q. 23 a. 7 ad 1"><a name="39776"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	777 "ref">[39776] IIª-IIae q. 23 a. 7 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	778 ergo dicendum quod actus alicuius caritate carentis potest esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	779 duplex. Unus quidem secundum hoc quod caritate caret, utpote cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	780 facit aliquid in ordine ad id per quod caret caritate. Et talis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	781 actus semper est malus, sicut Augustinus dicit, in IV contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	782 Iulian., quod actus infidelis, inquantum est infidelis, semper est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	783 peccatum; etiam si nudum operiat vel quidquid aliud huiusmodi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	784 faciat, ordinans ad finem suae infidelitatis. Alius autem potest
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	785 esse actus carentis caritate non secundum id quod caritate caret,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	786 sed secundum quod habet aliquod aliud donum Dei, vel fidem vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	787 spem, vel etiam naturae bonum, quod non totum per peccatum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	788 tollitur, ut supra dictum est. Et secundum hoc sine caritate potest
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	789 quidem esse aliquis actus bonus ex suo genere, non tamen perfecte
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	790 bonus, quia deest debita ordinatio ad ultimum finem.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	791 <p title="II-II q. 23 a. 7 ad 2"><a name="39777"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	792 "ref">[39777] IIª-IIae q. 23 a. 7 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	793 dicendum quod, cum finis se habeat in agibilibus sicut principium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	794 in speculativis, sicut non potest esse simpliciter vera scientia si
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	795 desit recta aestimatio de primo et indemonstrabili principio; ita
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	796 non potest esse simpliciter vera iustitia aut vera castitas si
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	797 desit ordinatio debita ad finem, quae est per caritatem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	798 quantumcumque aliquis se recte circa alia habeat.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	799 <p title="II-II q. 23 a. 7 ad 3"><a name="39778"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	800 "ref">[39778] IIª-IIae q. 23 a. 7 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	801 dicendum quod scientia et ars de sui ratione important ordinem ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	802 aliquod particulare bonum, non autem ultimum finem humanae vitae,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	803 sicut virtutes morales, quae simpliciter faciunt hominem bonum, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	804 supra dictum est. Et ideo non est similis ratio.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	805 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	806 <div class="E">Articulus 8</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	807 <p title="II-II q. 23 a. 8 arg. 1"><a name="39779"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	808 "ref">[39779] IIª-IIae q. 23 a. 8 arg. 1</span></a> Ad octavum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	809 sic proceditur. Videtur quod caritas non sit forma virtutum. Forma
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	810 enim alicuius rei vel est exemplaris, vel est essentialis. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	811 caritas non est forma exemplaris virtutum aliarum, quia sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	812 oporteret quod aliae virtutes essent eiusdem speciei cum ipsa.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	813 Similiter etiam non est forma essentialis aliarum virtutum, quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	814 non distingueretur ab aliis. Ergo nullo modo est forma
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	815 virtutum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	816 <p title="II-II q. 23 a. 8 arg. 2"><a name="39780"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	817 "ref">[39780] IIª-IIae q. 23 a. 8 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	818 caritas comparatur ad alias virtutes ut radix et fundamentum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	819 secundum illud Ephes. III, <i>in caritate radicati et fundati</i>.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	820 Radix autem vel fundamentum non habet rationem formae, sed magis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	821 rationem materiae, quia est prima pars in generatione. Ergo caritas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	822 non est forma virtutum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	823 <p title="II-II q. 23 a. 8 arg. 3"><a name="39781"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	824 "ref">[39781] IIª-IIae q. 23 a. 8 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	825 forma et finis et efficiens non incidunt in idem numero, ut patet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	826 in II Physic. Sed caritas dicitur finis et mater virtutum. Ergo non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	827 debet dici forma virtutum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	828 <p title="II-II q. 23 a. 8 s. c."><a name="39782"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	829 "ref">[39782] IIª-IIae q. 23 a. 8 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	830 est quod Ambrosius dicit caritatem esse formam virtutum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	831 <p title="II-II q. 23 a. 8 co."><a name="39783"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	832 "ref">[39783] IIª-IIae q. 23 a. 8 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	833 dicendum quod in moralibus forma actus attenditur principaliter ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	834 parte finis, cuius ratio est quia principium moralium actuum est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	835 voluntas, cuius obiectum et quasi forma est finis. Semper autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	836 forma actus consequitur formam agentis. Unde oportet quod in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	837 moralibus id quod dat actui ordinem ad finem, det ei et formam.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	838 Manifestum est autem secundum praedicta quod per caritatem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	839 ordinantur actus omnium aliarum virtutum ad ultimum finem. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	840 secundum hoc ipsa dat formam actibus omnium aliarum virtutum. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	841 pro tanto dicitur esse forma virtutum, nam et ipsae virtutes
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	842 dicuntur in ordine ad actus formatos.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	843 <p title="II-II q. 23 a. 8 ad 1"><a name="39784"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	844 "ref">[39784] IIª-IIae q. 23 a. 8 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	845 ergo dicendum quod caritas dicitur esse forma aliarum virtutum non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	846 quidem exemplariter aut essentialiter, sed magis effective,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	847 inquantum scilicet omnibus formam imponit secundum modum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	848 praedictum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	849 <p title="II-II q. 23 a. 8 ad 2"><a name="39785"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	850 "ref">[39785] IIª-IIae q. 23 a. 8 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	851 dicendum quod caritas comparatur fundamento et radici inquantum ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	852 ea sustentantur et nutriuntur omnes aliae virtutes, et non secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	853 rationem qua fundamentum et radix habent rationem causae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	854 materialis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	855 <p title="II-II q. 23 a. 8 ad 3"><a name="39786"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	856 "ref">[39786] IIª-IIae q. 23 a. 8 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	857 dicendum quod caritas dicitur finis aliarum virtutum quia omnes
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	858 alias virtutes ordinat ad finem suum. Et quia mater est quae in se
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	859 concipit ex alio, ex hac ratione dicitur mater aliarum virtutum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	860 quia ex appetitu finis ultimi concipit actus aliarum virtutum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	861 imperando ipsos.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	862 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	863 <div class="D">Quaestio 24</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	864 <div class="G">Prooemium</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	865 <p title="II-II q. 24 pr."><a name="39787"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	866 "ref">[39787] IIª-IIae q. 24 pr.</span></a> Deinde
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	867 considerandum est de caritate in comparatione ad subiectum. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	868 circa hoc quaeruntur duodecim. Primo, utrum caritas sit in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	869 voluntate tanquam in subiecto. Secundo, utrum caritas causetur in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	870 homine ex actibus praecedentibus, vel ex infusione divina. Tertio,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	871 utrum infundatur secundum capacitatem naturalium. Quarto, utrum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	872 augeatur in habente ipsam. Quinto, utrum augeatur per additionem.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	873 Sexto, utrum quolibet actu augeatur. Septimo, utrum augeatur in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	874 infinitum. Octavo, utrum caritas viae possit esse perfecta. Nono,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	875 de diversis gradibus caritatis. Decimo, utrum caritas possit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	876 diminui. Undecimo, utrum caritas semel habita possit amitti.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	877 Duodecimo, utrum amittatur per unum actum peccati mortalis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	878 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	879 <div class="E">Articulus 1</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	880 <p title="II-II q. 24 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="39788"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	881 "ref">[39788] IIª-IIae q. 24 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	882 sic proceditur. Videtur quod voluntas non sit subiectum caritatis.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	883 Caritas enim amor quidam est. Sed amor, secundum philosophum, est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	884 in concupiscibili. Ergo et caritas est in concupiscibili, et non in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	885 voluntate.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	886 <p title="II-II q. 24 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="39789"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	887 "ref">[39789] IIª-IIae q. 24 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	888 caritas est principalissima virtutum, ut supra dictum est. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	889 subiectum virtutis est ratio. Ergo videtur quod caritas sit in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	890 ratione, et non in voluntate.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	891 <p title="II-II q. 24 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="39790"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	892 "ref">[39790] IIª-IIae q. 24 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	893 caritas se extendit ad omnes actus humanos, secundum illud I ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	894 Cor. ult., <i>omnia vestra in caritate fiant</i>. Sed principium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	895 humanorum actuum est liberum arbitrium. Ergo videtur quod caritas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	896 maxime sit in libero arbitrio sicut in subiecto, et non in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	897 voluntate.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	898 <p title="II-II q. 24 a. 1 s. c."><a name="39791"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	899 "ref">[39791] IIª-IIae q. 24 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	900 est quod obiectum caritatis est bonum, quod etiam est obiectum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	901 voluntatis. Ergo caritas est in voluntate sicut in subiecto.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	902 <p title="II-II q. 24 a. 1 co."><a name="39792"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	903 "ref">[39792] IIª-IIae q. 24 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	904 dicendum quod, cum duplex sit appetitus, scilicet sensitivus et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	905 intellectivus, qui dicitur voluntas, ut in primo habitum est;
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	906 utriusque obiectum est bonum, sed diversimode. Nam obiectum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	907 appetitus sensitivi est bonum per sensum apprehensum, obiectum vero
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	908 appetitus intellectivi, vel voluntatis, est bonum sub communi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	909 ratione boni, prout est apprehensibile ab intellectu. Caritatis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	910 autem obiectum non est aliquod bonum sensibile, sed bonum divinum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	911 quod solo intellectu cognoscitur. Et ideo caritatis subiectum non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	912 est appetitus sensitivus, sed appetitus intellectivus, idest
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	913 voluntas.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	914 <p title="II-II q. 24 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="39793"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	915 "ref">[39793] IIª-IIae q. 24 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	916 ergo dicendum quod concupiscibilis est pars appetitus sensitivi,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	917 non autem appetitus intellectivi, ut in primo ostensum est. Unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	918 amor qui est in concupiscibili est amor sensitivi boni. Ad bonum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	919 autem divinum, quod est intelligibile, concupiscibilis se extendere
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	920 non potest, sed sola voluntas. Et ideo concupiscibilis subiectum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	921 caritatis esse non potest.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	922 <p title="II-II q. 24 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="39794"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	923 "ref">[39794] IIª-IIae q. 24 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	924 dicendum quod voluntas etiam, secundum philosophum, in III de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	925 anima, in ratione est. Et ideo per hoc quod caritas est in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	926 voluntate non est aliena a ratione. Tamen ratio non est regula
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	927 caritatis, sicut humanarum virtutum, sed regulatur a Dei sapientia,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	928 et excedit regulam rationis humanae, secundum illud Ephes. III,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	929 <i>supereminentem scientiae caritatem Christi</i>. Unde non est in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	930 ratione neque sicut in subiecto, sicut prudentia; neque sicut in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	931 regulante, sicut iustitia vel temperantia; sed solum per quandam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	932 affinitatem voluntatis ad rationem.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	933 <p title="II-II q. 24 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="39795"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	934 "ref">[39795] IIª-IIae q. 24 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	935 dicendum quod liberum arbitrium non est alia potentia a voluntate,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	936 ut in primo dictum est. Et tamen caritas non est in voluntate
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	937 secundum rationem liberi arbitrii, cuius actus est eligere,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	938 <i>electio enim est eorum quae sunt ad finem, voluntas autem est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	939 ipsius finis</i>, ut dicitur in III Ethic. Unde caritas, cuius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	940 obiectum est finis ultimus, magis debet dici esse in voluntate quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	941 in libero arbitrio.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	942 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	943 <div class="E">Articulus 2</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	944 <p title="II-II q. 24 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="39796"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	945 "ref">[39796] IIª-IIae q. 24 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	946 secundum sic proceditur. Videtur quod caritas non causetur in nobis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	947 ex infusione. Illud enim quod est commune omnibus creaturis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	948 naturaliter hominibus inest. Sed sicut Dionysius dicit, in IV cap.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	949 de Div. Nom., <i>omnibus diligibile et amabile est bonum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	950 divinum</i>, quod est obiectum caritatis. Ergo caritas inest nobis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	951 naturaliter, et non ex infusione.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	952 <p title="II-II q. 24 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="39797"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	953 "ref">[39797] IIª-IIae q. 24 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	954 quanto aliquid est magis diligibile, tanto facilius diligi potest.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	955 Sed Deus est maxime diligibilis, cum sit summe bonus. Ergo facilius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	956 est ipsum diligere quam alia. Sed ad alia diligenda non indigemus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	957 aliquo habitu infuso. Ergo nec etiam ad diligendum Deum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	958 <p title="II-II q. 24 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="39798"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	959 "ref">[39798] IIª-IIae q. 24 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	960 apostolus dicit, I ad Tim. I, <i>finis praecepti est caritas de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	961 corde bono et conscientia pura et fide non ficta</i>. Sed haec tria
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	962 pertinent ad actus humanos. Ergo caritas causatur in nobis ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	963 actibus praecedentibus, et non ex infusione.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	964 <p title="II-II q. 24 a. 2 s. c."><a name="39799"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	965 "ref">[39799] IIª-IIae q. 24 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	966 est quod apostolus dicit, Rom. V, <i>caritas Dei diffusa est in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	967 cordibus nostris per spiritum sanctum, qui datus est nobis</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	968 <p title="II-II q. 24 a. 2 co."><a name="39800"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	969 "ref">[39800] IIª-IIae q. 24 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	970 dicendum quod, sicut dictum est, caritas est amicitia quaedam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	971 hominis ad Deum fundata super communicationem beatitudinis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	972 aeternae. Haec autem communicatio non est secundum bona naturalia,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	973 sed secundum dona gratuita, quia, ut dicitur Rom. VI, <i>gratia Dei
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	974 vita aeterna</i>. Unde et ipsa caritas facultatem naturae excedit.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	975 Quod autem excedit naturae facultatem non potest esse neque
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	976 naturale neque per potentias naturales acquisitum, quia effectus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	977 naturalis non transcendit suam causam. Unde caritas non potest
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	978 neque naturaliter nobis inesse, neque per vires naturales est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	979 acquisita, sed per infusionem spiritus sancti, qui est amor patris
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	980 et filii, cuius participatio in nobis est ipsa caritas creata,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	981 sicut supra dictum est.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	982 <p title="II-II q. 24 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="39801"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	983 "ref">[39801] IIª-IIae q. 24 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	984 ergo dicendum quod Dionysius loquitur de dilectione Dei quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	985 fundatur super communicatione naturalium bonorum, et ideo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	986 naturaliter omnibus inest. Sed caritas fundatur super quadam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	987 communicatione supernaturali. Unde non est similis ratio.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	988 <p title="II-II q. 24 a. 2 ad 2"><a name="39802"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	989 "ref">[39802] IIª-IIae q. 24 a. 2 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	990 dicendum quod sicut Deus secundum se est maxime cognoscibilis, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	991 tamen nobis, propter defectum nostrae cognitionis, quae dependet a
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	992 rebus sensibilibus; ita etiam Deus in se est maxime diligibilis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	993 inquantum est obiectum beatitudinis, sed hoc modo non est maxime
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	994 diligibilis a nobis, propter inclinationem affectus nostri ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	995 visibilia bona. Unde oportet quod ad Deum hoc modo maxime
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	996 diligendum nostris cordibus caritas infundatur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	997 <p title="II-II q. 24 a. 2 ad 3"><a name="39803"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	998 "ref">[39803] IIª-IIae q. 24 a. 2 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	999 dicendum quod cum caritas dicitur in nobis procedere <i>ex corde
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1000 bono et conscientia pura et fide non ficta</i>, hoc referendum est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1001 ad actum caritatis, qui ex praemissis excitatur. Vel etiam hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1002 dicitur quia huiusmodi actus disponunt hominem ad recipiendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1003 caritatis infusionem. Et similiter etiam dicendum est de eo quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1004 Augustinus dicit, quod timor introducit caritatem, et de hoc quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1005 dicitur in Glossa Matth. I, quod <i>fides generat spem, et spes
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1006 caritatem</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1007 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1008 <div class="E">Articulus 3</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1009 <p title="II-II q. 24 a. 3 arg. 1"><a name="39804"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1010 "ref">[39804] IIª-IIae q. 24 a. 3 arg. 1</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1011 sic proceditur. Videtur quod caritas infundatur secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1012 quantitatem naturalium. Dicitur enim Matth. XXV quod <i>dedit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1013 unicuique secundum propriam virtutem</i>. Sed caritatem nulla
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1014 virtus praecedit in homine nisi naturalis, quia sine caritate nulla
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1015 est virtus, ut dictum est. Ergo secundum capacitatem virtutis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1016 naturalis infunditur homini caritas a Deo.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1017 <p title="II-II q. 24 a. 3 arg. 2"><a name="39805"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1018 "ref">[39805] IIª-IIae q. 24 a. 3 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1019 omnium ordinatorum ad invicem secundum proportionatur primo, sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1020 videmus quod in rebus materialibus forma proportionatur materiae,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1021 et in donis gratuitis gloria proportionatur gratiae. Sed caritas,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1022 cum sit perfectio naturae, comparatur ad capacitatem naturalem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1023 sicut secundum ad primum. Ergo videtur quod caritas infundatur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1024 secundum naturalium capacitatem.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1025 <p title="II-II q. 24 a. 3 arg. 3"><a name="39806"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1026 "ref">[39806] IIª-IIae q. 24 a. 3 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1027 homines et Angeli secundum eandem rationem caritatem participant,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1028 quia in utrisque est similis beatitudinis ratio, ut habetur Matth.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1029 XXII, et Luc. XX. Sed in Angelis caritas et alia dona gratuita sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1030 data secundum capacitatem naturalium; ut Magister dicit, III dist.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1031 II Lib. Sent. Ergo idem etiam videtur esse in hominibus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1032 <p title="II-II q. 24 a. 3 s. c."><a name="39807"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1033 "ref">[39807] IIª-IIae q. 24 a. 3 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1034 est quod dicitur Ioan. III, <i>spiritus ubi vult spirat</i>; et I
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1035 ad Cor. XII, <i>haec omnia operatur unus et idem spiritus, dividens
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1036 singulis prout vult</i>. Ergo caritas datur non secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1037 capacitatem naturalium, sed secundum voluntatem spiritus sua dona
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1038 distribuentis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1039 <p title="II-II q. 24 a. 3 co."><a name="39808"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1040 "ref">[39808] IIª-IIae q. 24 a. 3 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1041 dicendum quod uniuscuiusque quantitas dependet a propria causa rei,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1042 quia universalior causa effectum maiorem producit. Caritas autem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1043 cum superexcedat proportionem naturae humanae, ut dictum est, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1044 dependet ex aliqua naturali virtute, sed ex sola gratia spiritus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1045 sancti eam infundentis. Et ideo quantitas caritatis non dependet ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1046 conditione naturae vel ex capacitate naturalis virtutis, sed solum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1047 ex voluntate spiritus sancti distribuentis sua dona prout vult.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1048 Unde et apostolus dicit, ad Ephes. IV, <i>unicuique nostrum data
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1049 est gratia secundum mensuram donationis Christi</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1050 <p title="II-II q. 24 a. 3 ad 1"><a name="39809"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1051 "ref">[39809] IIª-IIae q. 24 a. 3 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1052 ergo dicendum quod illa virtus secundum quam sua dona Deus dat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1053 unicuique, est dispositio vel praeparatio praecedens, sive conatus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1054 gratiam accipientis. Sed hanc etiam dispositionem vel conatum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1055 praevenit spiritus sanctus, movens mentem hominis vel plus vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1056 minus secundum suam voluntatem. Unde et apostolus dicit, ad Coloss.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1057 I, <i>qui dignos nos fecit in partem sortis sanctorum in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1058 lumine</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1059 <p title="II-II q. 24 a. 3 ad 2"><a name="39810"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1060 "ref">[39810] IIª-IIae q. 24 a. 3 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1061 dicendum quod forma non excedit proportionem materiae, sed sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1062 eiusdem generis. Similiter etiam gratia et gloria ad idem genus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1063 referuntur, quia gratia nihil est aliud quam quaedam inchoatio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1064 gloriae in nobis. Sed caritas et natura non pertinent ad idem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1065 genus. Et ideo non est similis ratio.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1066 <p title="II-II q. 24 a. 3 ad 3"><a name="39811"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1067 "ref">[39811] IIª-IIae q. 24 a. 3 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1068 dicendum quod Angelus est naturae intellectualis, et secundum suam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1069 conditionem competit ei ut totaliter feratur in omne id in quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1070 fertur, ut in primo habitum est. Et ideo in superioribus Angelis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1071 fuit maior conatus et ad bonum in perseverantibus et ad malum in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1072 cadentibus. Et ideo superiorum Angelorum persistentes facti sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1073 meliores et cadentes facti sunt peiores aliis. Sed homo est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1074 rationalis naturae, cui competit esse quandoque in potentia et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1075 quandoque in actu. Et ideo non oportet quod feratur totaliter in id
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1076 in quod fertur; sed eius qui habet meliora naturalia potest esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1077 minor conatus, et e converso. Et ideo non est simile.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1078 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1079 <div class="E">Articulus 4</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1080 <p title="II-II q. 24 a. 4 arg. 1"><a name="39812"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1081 "ref">[39812] IIª-IIae q. 24 a. 4 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quartum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1082 sic proceditur. Videtur quod caritas augeri non possit. Nihil enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1083 augetur nisi quantum. Duplex autem est quantitas, scilicet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1084 dimensiva, et virtualis. Quarum prima caritati non convenit, cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1085 sit quaedam spiritualis perfectio. Virtualis autem quantitas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1086 attenditur secundum obiecta, secundum quae caritas non crescit,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1087 quia minima caritas diligit omnia quae sunt ex caritate diligenda.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1088 Ergo caritas non augetur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1089 <p title="II-II q. 24 a. 4 arg. 2"><a name="39813"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1090 "ref">[39813] IIª-IIae q. 24 a. 4 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1091 illud quod est in termino non recipit augmentum. Sed caritas est in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1092 termino, quasi maxima virtutum existens et summus amor optimi boni.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1093 Ergo caritas augeri non potest.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1094 <p title="II-II q. 24 a. 4 arg. 3"><a name="39814"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1095 "ref">[39814] IIª-IIae q. 24 a. 4 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1096 augmentum quidam motus est. Ergo quod augetur movetur. Quod ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1097 augetur essentialiter movetur essentialiter. Sed non movetur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1098 essentialiter nisi quod corrumpitur vel generatur. Ergo caritas non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1099 potest augeri essentialiter, nisi forte de novo generetur vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1100 corrumpatur, quod est inconveniens.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1101 <p title="II-II q. 24 a. 4 s. c."><a name="39815"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1102 "ref">[39815] IIª-IIae q. 24 a. 4 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1103 est quod Augustinus dicit, super Ioan., quod <i>caritas meretur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1104 augeri, ut aucta mereatur et perfici</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1105 <p title="II-II q. 24 a. 4 co."><a name="39816"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1106 "ref">[39816] IIª-IIae q. 24 a. 4 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1107 dicendum quod caritas viae potest augeri. Ex hoc enim dicimur esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1108 viatores quod in Deum tendimus, qui est ultimus finis nostrae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1109 beatitudinis. In hac autem via tanto magis procedimus quanto Deo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1110 magis propinquamus, cui non appropinquatur passibus corporis, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1111 affectibus mentis. Hanc autem propinquitatem facit caritas, quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1112 per ipsam mens Deo unitur. Et ideo de ratione caritatis viae est ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1113 possit augeri, si enim non posset augeri, iam cessaret viae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1114 processus. Et ideo apostolus caritatem viam nominat, dicens I ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1115 Cor. XII, <i>adhuc excellentiorem viam vobis demonstro</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1116 <p title="II-II q. 24 a. 4 ad 1"><a name="39817"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1117 "ref">[39817] IIª-IIae q. 24 a. 4 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1118 ergo dicendum quod caritati non convenit quantitas dimensiva, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1119 solum quantitas virtualis. Quae non solum attenditur secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1120 numerum obiectorum, ut scilicet plura vel pauciora diligantur, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1121 etiam secundum intensionem actus, ut magis vel minus aliquid
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1122 diligatur. Et hoc modo virtualis quantitas caritatis augetur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1123 <p title="II-II q. 24 a. 4 ad 2"><a name="39818"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1124 "ref">[39818] IIª-IIae q. 24 a. 4 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1125 dicendum quod caritas est in summo ex parte obiecti, inquantum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1126 scilicet eius obiectum est summum bonum, et ex hoc sequitur quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1127 ipsa sit excellentior aliis virtutibus. Sed non est omnis caritas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1128 in summo quantum ad intensionem actus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1129 <p title="II-II q. 24 a. 4 ad 3"><a name="39819"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1130 "ref">[39819] IIª-IIae q. 24 a. 4 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1131 dicendum quod quidam dixerunt caritatem non augeri secundum suam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1132 essentiam, sed solum secundum radicationem in subiecto, vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1133 secundum fervorem. Sed hi propriam vocem ignoraverunt. Cum enim sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1134 accidens, eius esse est inesse, unde nihil est aliud ipsam secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1135 essentiam augeri quam eam magis inesse subiecto, quod est eam magis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1136 radicari in subiecto. Similiter etiam ipsa essentialiter est virtus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1137 ordinata ad actum, unde idem est ipsam augeri secundum essentiam et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1138 ipsam habere efficaciam ad producendum ferventioris dilectionis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1139 actum. Augetur ergo essentialiter non quidem ita quod esse incipiat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1140 vel esse desinat in subiecto, sicut obiectio procedit, sed ita quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1141 magis in subiecto esse incipiat.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1142 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1143 <div class="E">Articulus 5</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1144 <p title="II-II q. 24 a. 5 arg. 1"><a name="39820"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1145 "ref">[39820] IIª-IIae q. 24 a. 5 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quintum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1146 sic proceditur. Videtur quod caritas augeatur per additionem. Sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1147 enim est augmentum secundum quantitatem corporalem, ita secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1148 quantitatem virtualem. Sed augmentum quantitatis corporalis fit per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1149 additionem, dicit enim philosophus, in I de Gen., quod <i>augmentum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1150 est praeexistenti magnitudini additamentum</i>. Ergo etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1151 augmentum caritatis, quod est secundum virtualem quantitatem, erit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1152 per additionem.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1153 <p title="II-II q. 24 a. 5 arg. 2"><a name="39821"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1154 "ref">[39821] IIª-IIae q. 24 a. 5 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1155 caritas in anima est quoddam spirituale lumen, secundum illud I
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1156 Ioan. II, <i>qui diligit fratrem suum in lumine manet</i>. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1157 lumen crescit in aere per additionem, sicut in domo lumen crescit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1158 alia candela superaccensa. Ergo etiam caritas crescit in anima per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1159 additionem.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1160 <p title="II-II q. 24 a. 5 arg. 3"><a name="39822"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1161 "ref">[39822] IIª-IIae q. 24 a. 5 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1162 augere caritatem ad Deum pertinet, sicut et ipsam creare, secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1163 illud II ad Cor. IX, <i>augebit incrementa frugum iustitiae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1164 vestrae</i>. Sed Deus primo infundendo caritatem aliquid facit in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1165 anima quod ibi prius non erat. Ergo etiam augendo caritatem aliquid
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1166 ibi facit quod prius non erat. Ergo caritas augetur per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1167 additionem.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1168 <p title="II-II q. 24 a. 5 s. c."><a name="39823"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1169 "ref">[39823] IIª-IIae q. 24 a. 5 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1170 est quod caritas est forma simplex. Simplex autem simplici additum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1171 non facit aliquid maius, ut probatur in VI Physic. Ergo caritas non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1172 augetur per additionem.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1173 <p title="II-II q. 24 a. 5 co."><a name="39824"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1174 "ref">[39824] IIª-IIae q. 24 a. 5 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1175 dicendum quod omnis additio est alicuius ad aliquid. Unde in omni
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1176 additione oportet saltem praeintelligere distinctionem eorum quorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1177 unum additur alteri, ante ipsam additionem. Si igitur caritas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1178 addatur caritati, oportet praesupponi caritatem additam ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1179 distinctam a caritate cui additur, non quidem ex necessitate
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1180 secundum esse, sed saltem secundum intellectum. Posset enim Deus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1181 etiam quantitatem corporalem augere addendo aliquam magnitudinem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1182 non prius existentem, sed tunc creatam, quae quamvis prius non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1183 fuerit in rerum natura, habet tamen in se unde eius distinctio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1184 intelligi possit a quantitate cui additur. Si igitur caritas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1185 addatur caritati, oportet praesupponere, ad minus secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1186 intellectum, distinctionem unius caritatis ab alia. Distinctio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1187 autem in formis est duplex, una quidem secundum speciem; alia autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1188 secundum numerum. Distinctio quidem secundum speciem in habitibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1189 est secundum diversitatem obiectorum, distinctio vero secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1190 numerum est secundum diversitatem subiecti. Potest igitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1191 contingere quod aliquis habitus per additionem augeatur dum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1192 extenditur ad quaedam obiecta ad quae prius se non extendebat, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1193 sic augetur scientia geometriae in eo qui de novo incipit scire
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1194 aliqua geometricalia quae prius nesciebat. Hoc autem non potest
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1195 dici de caritate, quia etiam minima caritas se extendit ad omnia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1196 illa quae sunt ex caritate diligenda. Non ergo talis additio in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1197 augmento caritatis potest intelligi praesupposita distinctione
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1198 secundum speciem caritatis additae ad eam cui superadditur.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1199 Relinquitur ergo, si fiat additio caritatis ad caritatem, quod hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1200 fit praesupposita distinctione secundum numerum, quae est secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1201 diversitatem subiectorum, sicut albedo augetur per hoc quod album
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1202 additur albo, quamvis hoc augmento non fiat aliquid magis album.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1203 Sed hoc in proposito dici non potest. Quia subiectum caritatis non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1204 est nisi mens rationalis, unde tale caritatis augmentum fieri non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1205 posset nisi per hoc quod una mens rationalis alteri adderetur, quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1206 est impossibile. Quamvis etiam si esset possibile tale augmentum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1207 faceret maiorem diligentem, non autem magis diligentem. Relinquitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1208 ergo quod nullo modo caritas augeri potest per additionem caritatis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1209 ad caritatem, sicut quidam ponunt. Sic ergo caritas augetur solum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1210 per hoc quod subiectum magis ac magis participat caritatem, idest
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1211 secundum quod magis reducitur in actum illius et magis subditur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1212 illi. Hic enim est modus augmenti proprius cuiuslibet formae quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1213 intenditur, eo quod esse huiusmodi formae totaliter consistit in eo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1214 quod inhaeret susceptibili. Et ideo, cum magnitudo rei consequitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1215 esse ipsius, formam esse maiorem hoc est eam magis inesse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1216 susceptibili, non autem aliam formam advenire. Hoc enim esset si
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1217 forma haberet aliquam quantitatem ex seipsa, non per comparationem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1218 ad subiectum. Sic igitur et caritas augetur per hoc quod intenditur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1219 in subiecto, et hoc est ipsam augeri secundum essentiam, non autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1220 per hoc quod caritas addatur caritati.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1221 <p title="II-II q. 24 a. 5 ad 1"><a name="39825"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1222 "ref">[39825] IIª-IIae q. 24 a. 5 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1223 ergo dicendum quod quantitas corporalis habet aliquid inquantum est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1224 quantitas; et aliquid inquantum est forma accidentalis. Inquantum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1225 est quantitas, habet quod sit distinguibilis secundum situm vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1226 secundum numerum. Et ideo hoc modo consideratur augmentum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1227 magnitudinis per additionem; ut patet in animalibus. Inquantum vero
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1228 est forma accidentalis, est distinguibilis solum secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1229 subiectum. Et secundum hoc habet proprium augmentum, sicut et aliae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1230 formae accidentales, per modum intensionis eius in subiecto, sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1231 patet in his quae rarefiunt, ut probat philosophus, in IV Physic.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1232 Et similiter etiam scientia habet quantitatem, inquantum est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1233 habitus, ex parte obiectorum. Et sic augetur per additionem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1234 inquantum aliquis plura cognoscit. Habet etiam quantitatem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1235 inquantum est quaedam forma accidentalis, ex eo quod inest
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1236 subiecto. Et secundum hoc augetur in eo qui certius eadem scibilia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1237 cognoscit nunc quam prius. Similiter etiam et caritas habet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1238 duplicem quantitatem. Sed secundum eam quae est ex parte obiecti,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1239 non augetur, ut dictum est. Unde relinquitur quod per solam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1240 intensionem augeatur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1241 <p title="II-II q. 24 a. 5 ad 2"><a name="39826"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1242 "ref">[39826] IIª-IIae q. 24 a. 5 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1243 dicendum quod additio luminis ad lumen potest intelligi in aere
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1244 propter diversitatem luminarium causantium lumen. Sed talis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1245 distinctio non habet locum in proposito, quia non est nisi unum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1246 luminare influens lumen caritatis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1247 <p title="II-II q. 24 a. 5 ad 3"><a name="39827"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1248 "ref">[39827] IIª-IIae q. 24 a. 5 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1249 dicendum quod infusio caritatis importat quandam mutationem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1250 secundum habere caritatem et non habere, et ideo oportet quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1251 aliquid adveniat quod prius non infuit. Sed augmentatio caritatis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1252 importat mutationem secundum minus aut magis habere. Et ideo non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1253 oportet quod aliquid insit quod prius non infuerit, sed quod magis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1254 insit quod prius minus inerat. Et hoc est quod facit Deus caritatem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1255 augendo, scilicet quod magis insit, et quod perfectius similitudo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1256 spiritus sancti participetur in anima.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1257 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1258 <div class="E">Articulus 6</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1259 <p title="II-II q. 24 a. 6 arg. 1"><a name="39828"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1260 "ref">[39828] IIª-IIae q. 24 a. 6 arg. 1</span></a> Ad sextum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1261 sic proceditur. Videtur quod quolibet actu caritatis caritas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1262 augeatur. Quod enim potest id quod maius est, potest id quod minus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1263 est. Sed quilibet actus caritatis meretur vitam aeternam, quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1264 maius est quam simplex caritatis augmentum, quia vita aeterna
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1265 includit caritatis perfectionem. Ergo multo magis quilibet actus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1266 caritatis caritatem auget.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1267 <p title="II-II q. 24 a. 6 arg. 2"><a name="39829"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1268 "ref">[39829] IIª-IIae q. 24 a. 6 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1269 sicuti habitus virtutum acquisitarum generatur ex actibus, ita
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1270 etiam augmentum caritatis causatur per actus caritatis. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1271 quilibet actus virtuosus operatur ad virtutis generationem. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1272 etiam quilibet actus caritatis operatur ad caritatis augmentum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1273 <p title="II-II q. 24 a. 6 arg. 3"><a name="39830"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1274 "ref">[39830] IIª-IIae q. 24 a. 6 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1275 Gregorius dicit quod in via Dei stare retrocedere est. Sed nullus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1276 dum movetur actu caritatis, retrocedit. Ergo quicumque movetur actu
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1277 caritatis, procedit in via Dei. Ergo quolibet actu caritatis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1278 caritas augetur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1279 <p title="II-II q. 24 a. 6 s. c."><a name="39831"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1280 "ref">[39831] IIª-IIae q. 24 a. 6 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1281 est quod effectus non excedit virtutem causae. Sed quandoque
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1282 aliquis actus caritatis cum aliquo tepore vel remissione emittitur.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1283 Non ergo perducit ad excellentiorem caritatem, sed magis disponit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1284 ad minorem.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1285 <p title="II-II q. 24 a. 6 co."><a name="39832"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1286 "ref">[39832] IIª-IIae q. 24 a. 6 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1287 dicendum quod augmentum spirituale caritatis quodammodo simile est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1288 augmento corporali. Augmentum autem corporale in animalibus et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1289 plantis non est motus continuus, ita scilicet quod, si aliquid
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1290 tantum augetur in tanto tempore, necesse sit quod proportionaliter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1291 in qualibet parte illius temporis aliquid augeatur, sicut contingit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1292 in motu locali, sed per aliquod tempus natura operatur disponens ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1293 augmentum et nihil augens actu, et postmodum producit in effectum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1294 id ad quod disposuerat, augendo animal vel plantam in actu. Ita
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1295 etiam non quolibet actu caritatis caritas actu augetur, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1296 quilibet actus caritatis disponit ad caritatis augmentum, inquantum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1297 ex uno actu caritatis homo redditur promptior iterum ad agendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1298 secundum caritatem; et, habilitate crescente, homo prorumpit in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1299 actum ferventiorem dilectionis, quo conetur ad caritatis profectum;
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1300 et tunc caritas augetur in actu.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1301 <p title="II-II q. 24 a. 6 ad 1"><a name="39833"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1302 "ref">[39833] IIª-IIae q. 24 a. 6 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1303 ergo dicendum quod quilibet actus caritatis meretur vitam aeternam,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1304 non quidem statim exhibendam, sed suo tempore. Similiter etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1305 quilibet actus caritatis meretur caritatis augmentum, non tamen
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1306 statim augetur, sed quando aliquis conatur ad huiusmodi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1307 augmentum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1308 <p title="II-II q. 24 a. 6 ad 2"><a name="39834"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1309 "ref">[39834] IIª-IIae q. 24 a. 6 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1310 dicendum quod etiam in generatione virtutis acquisitae non quilibet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1311 actus complet generationem virtutis, sed quilibet operatur ad eam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1312 ut disponens, et ultimus, qui est perfectior, agens in virtute
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1313 omnium praecedentium, reducit eam in actum. Sicut etiam est in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1314 multis guttis cavantibus lapidem.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1315 <p title="II-II q. 24 a. 6 ad 3"><a name="39835"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1316 "ref">[39835] IIª-IIae q. 24 a. 6 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1317 dicendum quod in via Dei procedit aliquis non solum dum actu
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1318 caritas eius augetur, sed etiam dum disponitur ad augmentum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1319 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1320 <div class="E">Articulus 7</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1321 <p title="II-II q. 24 a. 7 arg. 1"><a name="39836"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1322 "ref">[39836] IIª-IIae q. 24 a. 7 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1323 septimum sic proceditur. Videtur quod caritas non augeatur in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1324 infinitum. Omnis enim motus est ad aliquem finem et terminum, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1325 dicitur in II Metaphys. Sed augmentum caritatis est quidam motus.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1326 Ergo tendit ad aliquem finem et terminum. Non ergo caritas in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1327 infinitum augetur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1328 <p title="II-II q. 24 a. 7 arg. 2"><a name="39837"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1329 "ref">[39837] IIª-IIae q. 24 a. 7 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1330 nulla forma excedit capacitatem sui subiecti. Sed capacitas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1331 creaturae rationalis, quae est subiectum caritatis, est finita.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1332 Ergo caritas in infinitum augeri non potest.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1333 <p title="II-II q. 24 a. 7 arg. 3"><a name="39838"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1334 "ref">[39838] IIª-IIae q. 24 a. 7 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1335 omne finitum per continuum augmentum potest pertingere ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1336 quantitatem alterius finiti quantumcumque maioris, nisi forte id
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1337 quod accrescit per augmentum semper sit minus et minus; sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1338 philosophus dicit, in III Physic., quod si uni lineae addatur quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1339 subtrahitur ab alia linea quae in infinitum dividitur, in infinitum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1340 additione facta, nunquam pertingetur ad quandam determinatam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1341 quantitatem quae est composita ex duabus lineis, scilicet divisa et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1342 ea cui additur quod ex alia subtrahitur. Quod in proposito non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1343 contingit, non enim necesse est ut secundum caritatis augmentum sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1344 minus quam prius; sed magis probabile est quod sit aequale aut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1345 maius. Cum ergo caritas patriae sit quiddam finitum, si caritas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1346 viae in infinitum augeri potest, sequitur quod caritas viae possit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1347 adaequare caritatem patriae, quod est inconveniens. Non ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1348 caritas viae in infinitum potest augeri.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1349 <p title="II-II q. 24 a. 7 s. c."><a name="39839"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1350 "ref">[39839] IIª-IIae q. 24 a. 7 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1351 est quod apostolus dicit, ad Philipp. III. <i>Non quod iam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1352 acceperim, aut iam perfectus sim, sequor autem si quo modo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1353 comprehendam</i>. Ubi dicit Glossa, <i>nemo fidelium, etsi multum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1354 profecerit, dicat, sufficit mihi. Qui enim hoc dicit, exit de via
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1355 ante finem</i>. Ergo semper in via caritas potest magis ac magis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1356 augeri.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1357 <p title="II-II q. 24 a. 7 co."><a name="39840"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1358 "ref">[39840] IIª-IIae q. 24 a. 7 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1359 dicendum quod terminus augmento alicuius formae potest praefigi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1360 tripliciter. Uno modo, ex ratione ipsius formae, quae habet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1361 terminatam mensuram, ad quam cum perventum fuerit, non potest ultra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1362 procedi in forma, sed si ultra processum fuerit, pervenietur ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1363 aliam formam, sicut patet in pallore, cuius terminos per continuam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1364 alterationem aliquis transit, vel ad albedinem vel ad nigredinem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1365 perveniens. Alio modo, ex parte agentis, cuius virtus non se
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1366 extendit ad ulterius augendum formam in subiecto. Tertio, ex parte
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1367 subiecti, quod non est capax amplioris perfectionis. Nullo autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1368 istorum modorum imponitur terminus augmento caritatis in statu
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1369 viae. Ipsa enim caritas secundum rationem propriae speciei terminum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1370 augmenti non habet, est enim participatio quaedam infinitae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1371 caritatis, quae est spiritus sanctus. Similiter etiam causa augens
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1372 caritatem est infinitae virtutis, scilicet Deus. Similiter etiam ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1373 parte subiecti terminus huic augmento praefigi non potest, quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1374 semper, caritate excrescente, superexcrescit habilitas ad ulterius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1375 augmentum. Unde relinquitur quod caritatis augmento nullus terminus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1376 praefigi possit in hac vita.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1377 <p title="II-II q. 24 a. 7 ad 1"><a name="39841"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1378 "ref">[39841] IIª-IIae q. 24 a. 7 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1379 ergo dicendum quod augmentum caritatis est ad aliquem finem, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1380 ille finis non est in hac vita, sed in futura.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1381 <p title="II-II q. 24 a. 7 ad 2"><a name="39842"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1382 "ref">[39842] IIª-IIae q. 24 a. 7 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1383 dicendum quod capacitas creaturae spiritualis per caritatem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1384 augetur, quia per ipsam cor dilatatur, secundum illud II ad Cor.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1385 VI, <i>cor nostrum dilatatum est</i>. Et ideo adhuc ulterius manet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1386 habilitas ad maius augmentum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1387 <p title="II-II q. 24 a. 7 ad 3"><a name="39843"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1388 "ref">[39843] IIª-IIae q. 24 a. 7 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1389 dicendum quod ratio illa procedit in his quae habent quantitatem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1390 eiusdem rationis, non autem in his quae habent diversam rationem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1391 quantitatis; sicut linea, quantumcumque crescat, non attingit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1392 quantitatem superficiei. Non est autem eadem ratio quantitatis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1393 caritatis viae, quae sequitur cognitionem fidei, et caritatis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1394 patriae, quae sequitur visionem apertam. Unde ratio non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1395 sequitur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1396 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1397 <div class="E">Articulus 8</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1398 <p title="II-II q. 24 a. 8 arg. 1"><a name="39844"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1399 "ref">[39844] IIª-IIae q. 24 a. 8 arg. 1</span></a> Ad octavum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1400 sic proceditur. Videtur quod caritas in hac vita non possit esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1401 perfecta. Maxime enim haec perfectio in apostolis fuisset. Sed in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1402 eis non fuit, dicit enim apostolus, ad Philipp. III, <i>non quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1403 iam conprehenderim aut perfectus sim</i>. Ergo caritas in hac vita
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1404 perfecta esse non potest.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1405 <p title="II-II q. 24 a. 8 arg. 2"><a name="39845"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1406 "ref">[39845] IIª-IIae q. 24 a. 8 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1407 Augustinus dicit, in libro octoginta trium quaest., quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1408 <i>nutrimentum caritatis est diminutio cupiditatis; perfectio,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1409 nulla cupiditas</i>. Sed hoc non potest esse in hac vita, in qua
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1410 sine peccato vivere non possumus, secundum illud I Ioan. I, <i>si
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1411 dixerimus quia peccatum non habemus, nos ipsos seducimus</i>, omne
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1412 autem peccatum ex aliqua inordinata cupiditate procedit. Ergo in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1413 hac vita caritas perfecta esse non potest.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1414 <p title="II-II q. 24 a. 8 arg. 3"><a name="39846"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1415 "ref">[39846] IIª-IIae q. 24 a. 8 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1416 illud quod iam perfectum est non habet ulterius crescere. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1417 caritas in hac vita semper potest augeri, ut dictum est. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1418 caritas in hac vita non potest esse perfecta.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1419 <p title="II-II q. 24 a. 8 s. c."><a name="39847"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1420 "ref">[39847] IIª-IIae q. 24 a. 8 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1421 est quod Augustinus dicit, super Prim. Canonic. Ioan., <i>caritas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1422 cum fuerit roborata, perficitur, cum ad perfectionem pervenerit,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1423 dicit, cupio dissolvi et esse cum Christo</i>. Sed hoc possibile
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1424 est in hac vita, sicut in Paulo fuit. Ergo caritas in hac vita
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1425 potest esse perfecta.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1426 <p title="II-II q. 24 a. 8 co."><a name="39848"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1427 "ref">[39848] IIª-IIae q. 24 a. 8 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1428 dicendum quod perfectio caritatis potest intelligi dupliciter, uno
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1429 modo, ex parte diligibilis; alio modo, ex parte diligentis. Ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1430 parte quidem diligibilis perfecta est caritas ut diligatur aliquid
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1431 quantum diligibile est. Deus autem tantum diligibilis est quantum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1432 bonus est. Bonitas autem eius est infinita. Unde infinite
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1433 diligibilis est. Nulla autem creatura potest eum diligere infinite,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1434 cum quaelibet virtus creata sit finita. Unde per hunc modum nullius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1435 creaturae caritas potest esse perfecta, sed solum caritas Dei, qua
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1436 seipsum diligit. Ex parte vero diligentis caritas dicitur perfecta
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1437 quando aliquis secundum totum suum posse diligit. Quod quidem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1438 contingit tripliciter. Uno modo, sic quod totum cor hominis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1439 actualiter semper feratur in Deum. Et haec est perfectio caritatis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1440 patriae, quae non est possibilis in hac vita, in qua impossibile
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1441 est, propter humanae vitae infirmitatem, semper actu cogitare de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1442 Deo et moveri dilectione ad ipsum. Alio modo, ut homo studium suum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1443 deputet ad vacandum Deo et rebus divinis, praetermissis aliis nisi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1444 quantum necessitas praesentis vitae requirit. Et ista est perfectio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1445 caritatis quae est possibilis in via, non tamen est communis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1446 omnibus caritatem habentibus. Tertio modo, ita quod habitualiter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1447 aliquis totum cor suum ponat in Deo, ita scilicet quod nihil
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1448 cogitet vel velit quod sit divinae dilectioni contrarium. Et haec
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1449 perfectio est communis omnibus caritatem habentibus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1450 <p title="II-II q. 24 a. 8 ad 1"><a name="39849"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1451 "ref">[39849] IIª-IIae q. 24 a. 8 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1452 ergo dicendum quod apostolus negat de se perfectionem patriae. Unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1453 Glossa ibi dicit quod <i>perfectus erat viator, sed nondum ipsius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1454 itineris perfectione perventor</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1455 <p title="II-II q. 24 a. 8 ad 2"><a name="39850"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1456 "ref">[39850] IIª-IIae q. 24 a. 8 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1457 dicendum quod hoc dicitur propter peccata venialia. Quae non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1458 contrariantur habitui caritatis, sed actui, et ita non repugnant
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1459 perfectioni viae, sed perfectioni patriae.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1460 <p title="II-II q. 24 a. 8 ad 3"><a name="39851"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1461 "ref">[39851] IIª-IIae q. 24 a. 8 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1462 dicendum quod perfectio viae non est perfectio simpliciter. Et ideo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1463 semper habet quo crescat.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1464 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1465 <div class="E">Articulus 9</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1466 <p title="II-II q. 24 a. 9 arg. 1"><a name="39852"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1467 "ref">[39852] IIª-IIae q. 24 a. 9 arg. 1</span></a> Ad nonum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1468 sic proceditur. Videtur quod inconvenienter distinguantur tres
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1469 gradus caritatis, scilicet caritas incipiens, proficiens et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1470 perfecta. Inter principium enim caritatis et eius ultimam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1471 perfectionem sunt multi gradus medii. Non ergo unum solum medium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1472 debuit poni.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1473 <p title="II-II q. 24 a. 9 arg. 2"><a name="39853"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1474 "ref">[39853] IIª-IIae q. 24 a. 9 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1475 statim cum caritas incipit esse, incipit etiam proficere non ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1476 debet distingui caritas proficiens a caritate incipiente.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1477 <p title="II-II q. 24 a. 9 arg. 3"><a name="39854"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1478 "ref">[39854] IIª-IIae q. 24 a. 9 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1479 quantumcumque aliquis habeat in hoc mundo caritatem perfectam,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1480 potest etiam eius caritas augeri, ut dictum est. Sed caritatem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1481 augeri est ipsam proficere. Ergo caritas perfecta non debet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1482 distingui a caritate proficiente. Inconvenienter igitur praedicti
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1483 tres gradus caritatis assignantur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1484 <p title="II-II q. 24 a. 9 s. c."><a name="39855"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1485 "ref">[39855] IIª-IIae q. 24 a. 9 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1486 est quod Augustinus dicit, super Prim. Canonic. Ioan., <i>caritas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1487 cum fuerit nata, nutritur</i>, quod pertinet ad incipientes; <i>cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1488 fuerit nutrita, roboratur</i>, quod pertinet ad proficientes;
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1489 <i>cum fuerit roborata, perficitur</i>, quod pertinet ad perfectos.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1490 Ergo est triplex gradus caritatis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1491 <p title="II-II q. 24 a. 9 co."><a name="39856"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1492 "ref">[39856] IIª-IIae q. 24 a. 9 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1493 dicendum quod spirituale augmentum caritatis considerari potest
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1494 quantum ad aliquid simile corporali hominis augmento. Quod quidem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1495 quamvis in plurimas partes distingui possit, habet tamen aliquas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1496 determinatas distinctiones secundum determinatas actiones vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1497 studia ad quae homo perducitur per augmentum, sicut infantilis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1498 aetas dicitur antequam habeat usum rationis; postea autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1499 distinguitur alius status hominis quando iam incipit loqui et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1500 ratione uti; iterum tertius status eius est pubertatis, quando iam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1501 incipit posse generare; et sic inde quousque perveniatur ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1502 perfectum. Ita etiam et diversi gradus caritatis distinguuntur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1503 secundum diversa studia ad quae homo perducitur per caritatis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1504 augmentum. Nam primo quidem incumbit homini studium principale ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1505 recedendum a peccato et resistendum concupiscentiis eius, quae in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1506 contrarium caritatis movent. Et hoc pertinet ad incipientes, in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1507 quibus caritas est nutrienda vel fovenda ne corrumpatur. Secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1508 autem studium succedit, ut homo principaliter intendat ad hoc quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1509 in bono proficiat. Et hoc studium pertinet ad proficientes, qui ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1510 hoc principaliter intendunt ut in eis caritas per augmentum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1511 roboretur. Tertium autem studium est ut homo ad hoc principaliter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1512 intendat ut Deo inhaereat et eo fruatur. Et hoc pertinet ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1513 perfectos, qui cupiunt dissolvi et esse cum Christo. Sicut etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1514 videmus in motu corporali quod primum est recessus a termino;
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1515 secundum autem est appropinquatio ad alium terminum; tertium autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1516 quies in termino.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1517 <p title="II-II q. 24 a. 9 ad 1"><a name="39857"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1518 "ref">[39857] IIª-IIae q. 24 a. 9 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1519 ergo dicendum quod omnis illa determinata distinctio quae potest
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1520 accipi in augmento caritatis, comprehenditur sub istis tribus quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1521 dicta sunt. Sicut etiam omnis divisio continuorum comprehenditur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1522 sub tribus his, principio, medio et fine; ut philosophus dicit, in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1523 I de caelo.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1524 <p title="II-II q. 24 a. 9 ad 2"><a name="39858"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1525 "ref">[39858] IIª-IIae q. 24 a. 9 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1526 dicendum quod illis in quibus caritas incipit, quamvis proficiant,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1527 principalior tamen cura imminet ut resistant peccatis, quorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1528 impugnatione inquietantur. Sed postea, hanc impugnationem minus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1529 sentientes, iam quasi securius ad profectum intendunt; ex una tamen
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1530 parte facientes opus, et ex alia parte habentes manum ad gladium,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1531 ut dicitur in Esdra de aedificatoribus Ierusalem.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1532 <p title="II-II q. 24 a. 9 ad 3"><a name="39859"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1533 "ref">[39859] IIª-IIae q. 24 a. 9 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1534 dicendum quod perfecti etiam in caritate proficiunt, sed non est ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1535 hoc principalis eorum cura, sed iam eorum studium circa hoc maxime
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1536 versatur ut Deo inhaereant. Et quamvis hoc etiam quaerant et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1537 incipientes et proficientes, tamen magis sentiunt circa alia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1538 sollicitudinem, incipientes quidem de vitatione peccatorum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1539 proficientes vero de profectu virtutum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1540 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1541 <div class="E">Articulus 10</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1542 <p title="II-II q. 24 a. 10 arg. 1"><a name="39860"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1543 "ref">[39860] IIª-IIae q. 24 a. 10 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1544 decimum sic proceditur. Videtur quod caritas possit diminui.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1545 Contraria enim nata sunt fieri circa idem. Sed diminutio et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1546 augmentum sunt contraria. Cum igitur caritas augeatur, ut dictum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1547 est supra, videtur quod etiam possit diminui.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1548 <p title="II-II q. 24 a. 10 arg. 2"><a name="39861"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1549 "ref">[39861] IIª-IIae q. 24 a. 10 arg. 2</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1550 Praeterea, Augustinus, X Confess., ad Deum loquens, dicit, <i>minus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1551 te amat qui tecum aliquid amat</i>. Et in libro octogintatrium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1552 quaest. dicit quod <i>nutrimentum caritatis est diminutio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1553 cupiditatis</i>, ex quo videtur quod etiam e converso augmentum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1554 cupiditatis sit diminutio caritatis. Sed cupiditas, qua amatur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1555 aliquid aliud quam Deus, potest in homine crescere. Ergo caritas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1556 potest diminui.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1557 <p title="II-II q. 24 a. 10 arg. 3"><a name="39862"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1558 "ref">[39862] IIª-IIae q. 24 a. 10 arg. 3</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1559 Praeterea, sicut Augustinus dicit, VIII super Gen. ad Litt., <i>non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1560 ita Deus operatur hominem iustum iustificando eum, ut, si
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1561 abscesserit, maneat in absente quod fecit</i>, ex quo potest accipi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1562 quod eodem modo Deus operatur in homine caritatem eius conservando,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1563 quo operatur primo ei caritatem infundendo. Sed in prima caritatis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1564 infusione minus se praeparanti Deus minorem caritatem infundit.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1565 Ergo etiam in conservatione caritatis minus se praeparanti minorem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1566 caritatem conservat. Potest ergo caritas diminui.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1567 <p title="II-II q. 24 a. 10 s. c."><a name="39863"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1568 "ref">[39863] IIª-IIae q. 24 a. 10 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1569 est quod caritas in Scriptura igni comparatur, secundum illud Cant.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1570 VIII, lampades eius, scilicet caritatis, lampades ignis atque
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1571 flammarum. Sed ignis, quandiu manet, semper ascendit. Ergo caritas,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1572 quandiu manet, ascendere potest; sed descendere, idest diminui, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1573 potest.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1574 <p title="II-II q. 24 a. 10 co."><a name="39864"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1575 "ref">[39864] IIª-IIae q. 24 a. 10 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1576 dicendum quod quantitas caritatis quam habet in comparatione ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1577 obiectum proprium, minui non potest, sicut nec augeri, ut supra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1578 dictum est. Sed cum augeatur secundum quantitatem quam habet per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1579 comparationem ad subiectum, hic oportet considerare utrum ex hac
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1580 parte diminui possit. Si autem diminuatur, oportet quod vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1581 diminuatur per aliquem actum; vel per solam cessationem ab actu.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1582 Per cessationem quidem ab actu diminuuntur virtutes ex actibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1583 acquisitae, et quandoque etiam corrumpuntur, ut supra dictum est,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1584 unde de amicitia philosophus dicit, in VIII Ethic., quod <i>multas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1585 amicitias inappellatio solvit</i>, idest non appellare amicum vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1586 non colloqui ei. Sed hoc ideo est quia conservatio uniuscuiusque
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1587 rei dependet ex sua causa; causa autem virtutis acquisitae est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1588 actus humanus; unde, cessantibus humanis actibus, virtus acquisita
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1589 diminuitur et tandem totaliter corrumpitur. Sed hoc in caritate
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1590 locum non habet, quia caritas non causatur ab humanis actibus, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1591 solum a Deo, ut supra dictum est. Unde relinquitur quod etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1592 cessante actu, propter hoc nec diminuitur nec corrumpitur, si desit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1593 peccatum in ipsa cessatione. Relinquitur ergo quod diminutio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1594 caritatis non possit causari nisi vel a Deo, vel ab aliquo peccato.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1595 A Deo quidem non causatur aliquis defectus in nobis nisi per modum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1596 poenae, secundum quod subtrahit gratiam in poenam peccati. Unde nec
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1597 ei competit diminuere caritatem nisi per modum poenae. Poena autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1598 debetur peccato. Unde relinquitur quod, si caritas diminuatur, quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1599 causa diminutionis eius sit peccatum, vel effective vel meritorie.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1600 Neutro autem modo peccatum mortale diminuit caritatem, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1601 totaliter corrumpit ipsam, et effective, quia omne peccatum mortale
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1602 contrariatur caritati, ut infra dicetur; et etiam meritorie, quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1603 qui peccando mortaliter aliquid contra caritatem agit, dignum est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1604 ut Deus ei subtrahat caritatem. Similiter etiam nec per peccatum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1605 veniale caritas diminui potest, neque effective, neque meritorie.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1606 Effective quidem non, quia ad ipsam caritatem non attingit. Caritas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1607 enim est circa finem ultimum, veniale autem peccatum est quaedam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1608 inordinatio circa ea quae sunt ad finem. Non autem diminuitur amor
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1609 finis ex hoc quod aliquis inordinationem aliquam committit circa ea
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1610 quae sunt ad finem, sicut aliquando contingit quod aliqui infirmi,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1611 multum amantes sanitatem, inordinate tamen se habent circa diaetae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1612 observationem; sicut etiam et in speculativis falsae opiniones
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1613 circa ea quae deducuntur ex principiis, non diminuunt certitudinem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1614 principiorum. Similiter etiam veniale peccatum non meretur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1615 diminutionem caritatis. Cum enim aliquis delinquit in minori, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1616 meretur detrimentum pati in maiori. Deus enim non plus se avertit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1617 ab homine quam homo se avertit ab ipso. Unde qui inordinate se
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1618 habet circa ea quae sunt ad finem, non meretur detrimentum pati in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1619 caritate, per quam ordinatur ad ultimum finem. Unde consequens est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1620 quod caritas nullo modo diminui possit, directe loquendo. Potest
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1621 tamen indirecte dici diminutio caritatis dispositio ad corruptionem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1622 ipsius, quae fit vel per peccata venialia; vel etiam per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1623 cessationem ab exercitio operum caritatis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1624 <p title="II-II q. 24 a. 10 ad 1"><a name="39865"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1625 "ref">[39865] IIª-IIae q. 24 a. 10 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1626 ergo dicendum quod contraria sunt circa idem quando subiectum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1627 aequaliter se habet ad utrumque contrariorum. Sed caritas non eodem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1628 modo se habet ad augmentum et diminutionem, potest enim habere
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1629 causam augentem, sed non potest habere causam minuentem, sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1630 dictum est. Unde ratio non sequitur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1631 <p title="II-II q. 24 a. 10 ad 2"><a name="39866"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1632 "ref">[39866] IIª-IIae q. 24 a. 10 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1633 dicendum quod duplex est cupiditas. Una quidem qua finis in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1634 creaturis constituitur. Et haec totaliter mortificat caritatem, cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1635 sit venenum ipsius, ut Augustinus dicit ibidem. Et hoc facit quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1636 Deus minus ametur, scilicet quam debet amari ex caritate, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1637 quidem caritatem diminuendo, sed eam totaliter tollendo. Et sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1638 intelligendum est quod dicitur, <i>minus te amat qui tecum aliquid
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1639 amat</i>, subditur enim, quod <i>non propter te amat</i>. Quod non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1640 contingit in peccato veniali, sed solum in mortali, quod enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1641 amatur in peccato veniali, propter Deum amatur habitu, etsi non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1642 actu. Est autem alia cupiditas venialis peccati, quae semper
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1643 diminuitur per caritatem, sed tamen talis cupiditas caritatem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1644 diminuere non potest, ratione iam dicta.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1645 <p title="II-II q. 24 a. 10 ad 3"><a name="39867"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1646 "ref">[39867] IIª-IIae q. 24 a. 10 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1647 dicendum quod in infusione caritatis requiritur motus liberi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1648 arbitrii, sicut supra dictum est. Et ideo illud quod diminuit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1649 intensionem liberi arbitrii, dispositive operatur ad hoc quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1650 caritas infundenda sit minor. Sed ad conservationem caritatis non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1651 requiritur motus liberi arbitrii, alioquin non remaneret in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1652 dormientibus. Unde per impedimentum intensionis motus liberi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1653 arbitrii non diminuitur caritas.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1654 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1655 <div class="E">Articulus 11</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1656 <p title="II-II q. 24 a. 11 arg. 1"><a name="39868"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1657 "ref">[39868] IIª-IIae q. 24 a. 11 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1658 undecimum sic proceditur. Videtur quod caritas semel habita non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1659 possit amitti. Si enim amittitur, non amittitur nisi propter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1660 peccatum. Sed ille qui habet caritatem non potest peccare. Dicitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1661 enim I Ioan. III, <i>omnis enim qui natus est ex Deo, peccatum non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1662 facit, quia semen ipsius in eo manet, et non potest peccare,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1663 quoniam ex Deo natus est</i>. Caritatem autem non habent nisi filii
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1664 Dei, <i>ipsa enim est quae distinguit inter filios regni et filios
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1665 perditionis</i>, ut Augustinus dicit, in XV de Trin. Ergo ille qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1666 habet caritatem non potest eam amittere.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1667 <p title="II-II q. 24 a. 11 arg. 2"><a name="39869"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1668 "ref">[39869] IIª-IIae q. 24 a. 11 arg. 2</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1669 Praeterea, Augustinus dicit, in VIII de Trin., quod <i>dilectio, si
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1670 non est vera, dilectio dicenda non est</i>. Sed sicut ipse dicit in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1671 Epist. ad Iulianum comitem, <i>caritas quae deseri potest, nunquam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1672 vera fuit</i>. Ergo neque caritas fuit. Si ergo caritas semel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1673 habeatur, nunquam amittitur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1674 <p title="II-II q. 24 a. 11 arg. 3"><a name="39870"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1675 "ref">[39870] IIª-IIae q. 24 a. 11 arg. 3</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1676 Praeterea, Gregorius dicit, in homilia Pentecostes, quod <i>amor
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1677 Dei magna operatur, si est, si desinit operari, caritas non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1678 est</i>. Sed nullus magna operando amittit caritatem. Ergo, si
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1679 caritas insit, amitti non potest.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1680 <p title="II-II q. 24 a. 11 arg. 4"><a name="39871"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1681 "ref">[39871] IIª-IIae q. 24 a. 11 arg. 4</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1682 Praeterea, liberum arbitrium non inclinatur ad peccatum nisi per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1683 aliquod motivum ad peccandum. Sed caritas excludit omnia motiva ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1684 peccandum, et amorem sui, et cupiditatem, et quidquid aliud
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1685 huiusmodi est. Ergo caritas amitti non potest.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1686 <p title="II-II q. 24 a. 11 s. c."><a name="39872"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1687 "ref">[39872] IIª-IIae q. 24 a. 11 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1688 est quod dicitur Apoc. II, <i>habeo adversum te pauca, quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1689 caritatem primam reliquisti</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1690 <p title="II-II q. 24 a. 11 co."><a name="39873"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1691 "ref">[39873] IIª-IIae q. 24 a. 11 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1692 dicendum quod per caritatem spiritus sanctus in nobis habitat, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1693 ex supradictis patet. Tripliciter ergo possumus considerare
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1694 caritatem. Uno modo, ex parte spiritus sancti moventis animam ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1695 diligendum Deum. Et ex hac parte caritas impeccabilitatem habet ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1696 virtute spiritus sancti, qui infallibiliter operatur quodcumque
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1697 voluerit. Unde impossibile est haec duo simul esse vera, quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1698 spiritus sanctus aliquem velit movere ad actum caritatis, et quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1699 ipse caritatem amittat peccando, nam donum perseverantiae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1700 computatur inter <i>beneficia Dei quibus certissime liberantur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1701 quicumque liberantur</i>, ut Augustinus dicit, in libro de Praed.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1702 Sanct. Alio modo potest considerari caritas secundum propriam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1703 rationem. Et sic caritas non potest nisi illud quod pertinet ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1704 caritatis rationem. Unde caritas nullo modo potest peccare, sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1705 nec calor potest infrigidare; et sicut etiam iniustitia non potest
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1706 bonum facere, ut Augustinus dicit, in libro de Serm. Dom. in monte.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1707 Tertio modo potest considerari caritas ex parte subiecti, quod est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1708 vertibile secundum arbitrii libertatem. Potest autem attendi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1709 comparatio caritatis ad hoc subiectum et secundum universalem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1710 rationem qua comparatur forma ad materiam; et secundum specialem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1711 rationem qua comparatur habitus ad potentiam. Est autem de ratione
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1712 formae quod sit in subiecto amissibiliter quando non replet totam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1713 potentialitatem materiae, sicut patet in formis generabilium et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1714 corruptibilium. Quia materia horum sic recipit unam formam quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1715 remanet in ea potentia ad aliam formam, quasi non repleta tota
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1716 materiae potentialitate per unam formam; et ideo una forma potest
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1717 amitti per acceptionem alterius. Sed forma corporis caelestis, quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1718 replet totam materiae potentialitatem, ita quod non remanet in ea
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1719 potentia ad aliam formam, inamissibiliter inest. Sic igitur caritas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1720 patriae, quia replet totam potentialitatem rationalis mentis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1721 inquantum scilicet omnis actualis motus eius fertur in Deum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1722 inamissibiliter habetur. Caritas autem viae non sic replet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1723 potentialitatem sui subiecti, quia non semper actu fertur in Deum.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1724 Unde quando actu in Deum non fertur, potest aliquid occurrere per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1725 quod caritas amittatur. Habitui vero proprium est ut inclinet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1726 potentiam ad agendum quod convenit habitui inquantum facit id
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1727 videri bonum quod ei convenit, malum autem quod ei repugnat. Sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1728 enim gustus diiudicat sapores secundum suam dispositionem, ita mens
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1729 hominis diiudicat de aliquo faciendo secundum suam habitualem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1730 dispositionem, unde et philosophus dicit, in III Ethic., quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1731 <i>qualis unusquisque est, talis finis videtur ei</i>. Ibi ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1732 caritas inamissibiliter habetur, ubi id quod convenit caritati non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1733 potest videri nisi bonum, scilicet in patria, ubi Deus videtur per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1734 essentiam, quae est ipsa essentia bonitatis. Et ideo caritas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1735 patriae amitti non potest. Caritas autem viae, in cuius statu non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1736 videtur ipsa Dei essentia, quae est essentia bonitatis, potest
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1737 amitti.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1738 <p title="II-II q. 24 a. 11 ad 1"><a name="39874"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1739 "ref">[39874] IIª-IIae q. 24 a. 11 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1740 ergo dicendum quod auctoritas illa loquitur secundum potestatem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1741 spiritus sancti, cuius conservatione a peccato immunes redduntur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1742 quos ipse movet quantum ipse voluerit.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1743 <p title="II-II q. 24 a. 11 ad 2"><a name="39875"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1744 "ref">[39875] IIª-IIae q. 24 a. 11 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1745 dicendum quod caritas quae deseri potest ex ipsa ratione caritatis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1746 vera caritas non est. Hoc enim esset si hoc in suo amore haberet,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1747 quod ad tempus amaret et postea amare desineret quod non esset
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1748 verae dilectionis. Sed si caritas amittatur ex mutabilitate
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1749 subiecti, contra propositum caritatis, quod in suo actu includitur;
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1750 hoc non repugnat veritati caritatis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1751 <p title="II-II q. 24 a. 11 ad 3"><a name="39876"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1752 "ref">[39876] IIª-IIae q. 24 a. 11 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1753 dicendum quod amor Dei semper magna operatur in proposito, quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1754 pertinet ad rationem caritatis. Non tamen semper magna operatur in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1755 actu, propter conditionem subiecti.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1756 <p title="II-II q. 24 a. 11 ad 4"><a name="39877"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1757 "ref">[39877] IIª-IIae q. 24 a. 11 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1758 dicendum quod caritas, secundum rationem sui actus, excludit omne
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1759 motivum ad peccandum. Sed quandoque contingit quod caritas actu non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1760 agit. Et tunc potest intervenire aliquod motivum ad peccandum, cui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1761 si consentiatur, caritas amittitur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1762 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1763 <div class="E">Articulus 12</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1764 <p title="II-II q. 24 a. 12 arg. 1"><a name="39878"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1765 "ref">[39878] IIª-IIae q. 24 a. 12 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1766 duodecimum sic proceditur. Videtur quod caritas non amittatur per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1767 unum actum peccati mortalis. Dicit enim Origenes, in I Periarch.,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1768 <i>si aliquando satietas capit aliquem ex his qui in summo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1769 perfectoque constiterint gradu, non arbitror quod ad subitum quis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1770 evacuetur aut decidat, sed paulatim ac per partes eum decidere
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1771 necesse est</i>. Sed homo decidit caritatem amittens. Ergo caritas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1772 non amittitur per unum solum actum peccati mortalis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1773 <p title="II-II q. 24 a. 12 arg. 2"><a name="39879"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1774 "ref">[39879] IIª-IIae q. 24 a. 12 arg. 2</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1775 Praeterea, Leo Papa dicit, in Serm. de passione, alloquens Petrum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1776 <i>vidit in te dominus non fidem victam, non dilectionem aversam,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1777 sed constantiam fuisse turbatam. Abundavit fletus, ubi non defecit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1778 affectus, et fons caritatis lavit verba formidinis</i>. Et ex hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1779 accepit Bernardus quod dixit <i>in Petro caritatem non fuisse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1780 extinctam, sed sopitam</i>. Sed Petrus, negando Christum, peccavit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1781 mortaliter. Ergo caritas non amittitur per unum actum peccati
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1782 mortalis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1783 <p title="II-II q. 24 a. 12 arg. 3"><a name="39880"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1784 "ref">[39880] IIª-IIae q. 24 a. 12 arg. 3</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1785 Praeterea, caritas est fortior quam virtus acquisita. Sed habitus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1786 virtutis acquisitae non tollitur per unum actum peccati contrarium.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1787 Ergo multo minus caritas tollitur per unum actum peccati mortalis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1788 contrarium.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1789 <p title="II-II q. 24 a. 12 arg. 4"><a name="39881"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1790 "ref">[39881] IIª-IIae q. 24 a. 12 arg. 4</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1791 Praeterea, caritas importat dilectionem Dei et proximi. Sed aliquis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1792 committens aliquod peccatum mortale retinet dilectionem Dei et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1793 proximi, ut videtur, inordinatio enim affectionis circa ea quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1794 sunt ad finem non tollit amorem finis, ut supra dictum est. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1795 potest remanere caritas ad Deum, existente peccato mortali per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1796 inordinatam affectionem circa aliquod temporale bonum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1797 <p title="II-II q. 24 a. 12 arg. 5"><a name="39882"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1798 "ref">[39882] IIª-IIae q. 24 a. 12 arg. 5</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1799 Praeterea, virtutis theologicae obiectum est ultimus finis. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1800 aliae virtutes theologicae, scilicet fides et spes, non excluduntur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1801 per unum actum peccati mortalis, immo remanent informes. Ergo etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1802 caritas potest remanere informis, etiam uno peccato mortali
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1803 perpetrato.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1804 <p title="II-II q. 24 a. 12 s. c."><a name="39883"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1805 "ref">[39883] IIª-IIae q. 24 a. 12 s. c.</span></a> Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1806 contra, per peccatum mortale fit homo dignus morte aeterna,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1807 secundum illud Rom. VI, <i>stipendia peccati mors</i>. Sed quilibet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1808 habens caritatem habet meritum vitae aeternae, dicitur enim Ioan.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1809 XIV, <i>si quis diligit me, diligetur a patre meo, et ego diligam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1810 eum, et manifestabo ei meipsum</i>; in qua quidem manifestatione
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1811 vita aeterna consistit, secundum illud Ioan. XVII, <i>haec est vita
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1812 aeterna, ut cognoscant te, verum Deum, et quem misisti, Iesum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1813 Christum</i>. Nullus autem potest esse simul dignus vita aeterna et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1814 morte aeterna. Ergo impossibile est quod aliquis habeat caritatem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1815 cum peccato mortali. Tollitur ergo caritas per unum actum peccati
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1816 mortalis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1817 <p title="II-II q. 24 a. 12 co."><a name="39884"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1818 "ref">[39884] IIª-IIae q. 24 a. 12 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1819 dicendum quod unum contrarium per aliud contrarium superveniens
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1820 tollitur. Quilibet autem actus peccati mortalis contrariatur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1821 caritati secundum propriam rationem, quae consistit in hoc quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1822 Deus diligatur super omnia, et quod homo totaliter se illi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1823 subiiciat, omnia sua referendo in ipsum. Est igitur de ratione
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1824 caritatis ut sic diligat Deum quod in omnibus velit se ei
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1825 subiicere, et praeceptorum eius regulam in omnibus sequi, quidquid
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1826 enim contrariatur praeceptis eius, manifeste contrariatur caritati.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1827 Unde de se habet quod caritatem excludere possit. Et si quidem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1828 caritas esset habitus acquisitus ex virtute subiecti dependens, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1829 oporteret quod statim per unum actum contrarium tolleretur. Actus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1830 enim non directe contrariatur habitui, sed actui, conservatio autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1831 habitus in subiecto non requirit continuitatem actus, unde ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1832 superveniente contrario actu non statim habitus acquisitus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1833 excluditur. Sed caritas, cum sit habitus infusus, dependet ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1834 actione Dei infundentis, qui sic se habet in infusione et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1835 conservatione caritatis sicut sol in illuminatione aeris, ut dictum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1836 est. Et ideo, sicut lumen statim cessaret esse in aere quod aliquod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1837 obstaculum poneretur illuminationi solis, ita etiam caritas statim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1838 deficit esse in anima quod aliquod obstaculum ponitur influentiae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1839 caritatis a Deo in animam. Manifestum est autem quod per quodlibet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1840 mortale peccatum, quod divinis praeceptis contrariatur, ponitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1841 praedictae infusioni obstaculum, quia ex hoc ipso quod homo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1842 eligendo praefert peccatum divinae amicitiae, quae requirit ut Dei
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1843 voluntatem sequamur, consequens est ut statim per unum actum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1844 peccati mortalis habitus caritatis perdatur. Unde et Augustinus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1845 dicit, VIII super Gen. ad Litt., quod <i>homo, Deo sibi praesente,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1846 illuminatur; absente autem, continuo tenebratur; a quo non locorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1847 intervallis, sed voluntatis aversione disceditur</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1848 <p title="II-II q. 24 a. 12 ad 1"><a name="39885"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1849 "ref">[39885] IIª-IIae q. 24 a. 12 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1850 ergo dicendum quod verbum Origenis potest uno modo sic intelligi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1851 quod homo qui est in statu perfecto non subito procedit in actum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1852 peccati mortalis, sed ad hoc disponitur per aliquam negligentiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1853 praecedentem. Unde et peccata venialia dicuntur esse dispositio ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1854 mortale, sicut supra dictum est. Sed tamen per unum actum peccati
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1855 mortalis, si eum commiserit, decidit, caritate amissa. Sed quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1856 ipse subdit, <i>si aliquis brevis lapsus acciderit, et cito
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1857 resipiscat, non penitus ruere videtur</i>, potest aliter dici quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1858 ipse intelligit eum penitus evacuari et decidere qui sic decidit ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1859 ex malitia peccet. Quod non statim in viro perfecto a principio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1860 contingit.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1861 <p title="II-II q. 24 a. 12 ad 2"><a name="39886"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1862 "ref">[39886] IIª-IIae q. 24 a. 12 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1863 dicendum quod caritas amittitur dupliciter. Uno modo, directe, per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1864 actualem contemptum. Et hoc modo Petrus caritatem non amisit. Alio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1865 modo, indirecte, quando committitur aliquod contrarium caritati
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1866 propter aliquam passionem concupiscentiae vel timoris. Et hoc modo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1867 Petrus, contra caritatem faciens, caritatem amisit, sed eam cito
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1868 recuperavit.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1869 <p title="II-II q. 24 a. 12 ad 4"><a name="39887"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1870 "ref">[39887] IIª-IIae q. 24 a. 12 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1871 dicendum quod non quaelibet inordinatio affectionis quae est circa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1872 ea quae sunt ad finem, idest circa bona creata, constituit peccatum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1873 mortale, sed solum quando est talis inordinatio quae repugnat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1874 divinae voluntati. Et hoc directe contrariatur caritati, ut dictum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1875 est.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1876 <p title="II-II q. 24 a. 12 ad 5"><a name="39888"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1877 "ref">[39888] IIª-IIae q. 24 a. 12 ad 5</span></a> Ad quintum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1878 dicendum quod caritas importat unionem quandam ad Deum, non autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1879 fides neque spes. Omne autem peccatum mortale consistit in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1880 aversione a Deo, ut supra dictum est. Et ideo omne peccatum mortale
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1881 contrariatur caritati. Non autem omne peccatum mortale contrariatur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1882 fidei vel spei, sed quaedam determinata peccata, per quae habitus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1883 fidei et spei tollitur, sicut et per omne peccatum mortale habitus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1884 caritatis. Unde patet quod caritas non potest remanere informis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1885 cum sit ultima forma virtutum, ex hoc quod respicit Deum in ratione
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1886 finis ultimi, ut dictum est.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1887 <div class="centro"><br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1888 <p><a href="sth3017.html"><img src="icons/ageretro.gif" width="19"
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1889 height="19" align="middle" border="0" alt="age retro" /></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1890 <a href="sth3025.html"><img src="icons/ageultra.gif" width="19"
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1891 height="19" align="middle" border="0" alt="age ultra" /></a></p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1892 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1893 <hr />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1894 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1895 <address>© 2006 Fundación Tomás de Aquino quoad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1896 hanc editionem<br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1897 Iura omnia asservantur<br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1898 OCLC nr. <a href="http://worldcatlibraries.org/wcpa/oclc/49644264"
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1899 style="text-decoration=none">49644264</a></address>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1900 </div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1901 </body>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1902 </html>

Mercurial > hg > Aquinas

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