Aquinas: summa/latin/sth1050.html annotate

annotate summa/latin/sth1050.html @ 46:6cfdc13efd8a

from www.ccel.org/ss/

author	ht
date	Sun, 20 Dec 2009 22:10:12 +0000
parents	544e12f679ad
children	d777cc3962f2

rev	line source
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1 <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN"
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2 "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3 <html lang="LA" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="LA">
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4 <head>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5 <meta name="generator" content=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6 "HTML Tidy for Windows (vers 1st February 2005), see www.w3.org" />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7 <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	8 "text/html; charset=us-ascii" />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	9 <meta http-equiv="Content-Style-Type" content="text/css" />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	10 <meta http-equiv="Content-Script-Type" content="text/javascript" />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	11 <meta name="keywords" content=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	12 "Thomas de Aquino, Summa Theologiae, Corpus Thomisticum" />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	13 <meta name="language" content="Latin" />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	14 <meta name="security" content="public" />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	15 <meta name="owner" content="ealarcon@unav.es" />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	16 <meta name="author" content="Enrique Alarcón" />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	17 <meta name="abstract" content="" />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	18 <link rel="stylesheet" media="screen" href="vscreen.css" type=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	19 "text/css" />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	20 <link rel="stylesheet" media="print" href="vprint.css" type=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	21 "text/css" />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	22 <title>Thomas de Aquino, Summa Theologiae, Iª q. 50-64</title>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	23 </head>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	24 <body>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	25 <a href="http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/"></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	26 <div class="tres">CORPUS THOMISTICUM</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	27 <div class="uno">Sancti Thomae de Aquino</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	28 <div class="uno">Summa Theologiae</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	29 <div class="dos">prima pars a quaestione L ad quaestionem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	30 LXIV</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	31 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	32 <div class="centro">
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	33 <table align="center" summary="Imago">
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	34 <tr>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	35 <th><img src="icons/ghent190.jpg" width="120" height="190" border=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	36 "0" alt="Thomas de Aquino a Justo Ghent depictus" align=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	37 "middle" /></th>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	38 </tr>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	39 </table>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	40 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	41 <span class="tres">Textum Leoninum Romae 1889 editum<br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	42 ac automato translatum a Roberto Busa SJ in taenias
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	43 magneticas<br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	44 denuo recognovit Enrique Alarcón atque instruxit<br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	45 <br /></span><br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	46 <hr />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	47 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	48 <p><a href="sth1044.html"><img src="icons/ageretro.gif" width="19"
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	49 height="19" align="middle" border="0" alt="age retro" /></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	50 <a href="sth1065.html"><img src="icons/ageultra.gif" width="19"
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	51 height="19" align="middle" border="0" alt="age ultra" /></a></p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	52 <script language="JavaScript" type="text/javascript">
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	53 //<![CDATA[
26 4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	54 <!--
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	55 // original code by Bill Trefzger 12/12/96; revised by Enrique Alarcon 12/9/2000
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4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	59 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="none">------------------------------------------------');
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4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	64 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#30551">Iª q. 50 pr.');
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4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	120 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#30607">Iª q. 51 a. 2 arg. 1');
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4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	560 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31047">Iª q. 63 a. 1 co.');
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4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	562 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31049">Iª q. 63 a. 1 ad 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	563 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31050">Iª q. 63 a. 1 ad 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	564 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31051">Iª q. 63 a. 1 ad 4');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	565 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31052">Iª q. 63 a. 2 arg. 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	566 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31053">Iª q. 63 a. 2 arg. 2');
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4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	571 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31058">Iª q. 63 a. 2 ad 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	572 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31059">Iª q. 63 a. 2 ad 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	573 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31060">Iª q. 63 a. 3 arg. 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	574 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31061">Iª q. 63 a. 3 arg. 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	575 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31062">Iª q. 63 a. 3 arg. 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	576 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31063">Iª q. 63 a. 3 s. c.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	577 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31064">Iª q. 63 a. 3 co.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	578 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31065">Iª q. 63 a. 3 ad');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	579 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31066">Iª q. 63 a. 4 arg. 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	580 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31067">Iª q. 63 a. 4 arg. 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	581 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31068">Iª q. 63 a. 4 arg. 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	582 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31069">Iª q. 63 a. 4 s. c.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	583 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31070">Iª q. 63 a. 4 co.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	584 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31071">Iª q. 63 a. 4 ad 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	585 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31072">Iª q. 63 a. 4 ad 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	586 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31073">Iª q. 63 a. 4 ad 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	587 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31074">Iª q. 63 a. 5 arg. 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	588 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31075">Iª q. 63 a. 5 arg. 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	589 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31076">Iª q. 63 a. 5 arg. 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	590 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31077">Iª q. 63 a. 5 arg. 4');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	591 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31078">Iª q. 63 a. 5 s. c.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	592 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31079">Iª q. 63 a. 5 co.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	593 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31080">Iª q. 63 a. 5 ad 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	594 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31081">Iª q. 63 a. 5 ad 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	595 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31082">Iª q. 63 a. 5 ad 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	596 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31083">Iª q. 63 a. 5 ad 4');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	597 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31084">Iª q. 63 a. 6 arg. 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	598 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31085">Iª q. 63 a. 6 arg. 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	599 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31086">Iª q. 63 a. 6 arg. 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	600 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31087">Iª q. 63 a. 6 arg. 4');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	601 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31088">Iª q. 63 a. 6 s. c.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	602 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31089">Iª q. 63 a. 6 co.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	603 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31090">Iª q. 63 a. 6 ad 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	604 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31091">Iª q. 63 a. 6 ad 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	605 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31092">Iª q. 63 a. 6 ad 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	606 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31093">Iª q. 63 a. 6 ad 4');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	607 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31094">Iª q. 63 a. 7 arg. 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	608 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31095">Iª q. 63 a. 7 arg. 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	609 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31096">Iª q. 63 a. 7 arg. 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	610 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31097">Iª q. 63 a. 7 s. c.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	611 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31098">Iª q. 63 a. 7 co.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	612 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31099">Iª q. 63 a. 7 ad 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	613 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31100">Iª q. 63 a. 7 ad 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	614 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31101">Iª q. 63 a. 7 ad 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	615 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31102">Iª q. 63 a. 8 arg. 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	616 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31103">Iª q. 63 a. 8 arg. 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	617 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31104">Iª q. 63 a. 8 arg. 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	618 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31105">Iª q. 63 a. 8 s. c.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	619 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31106">Iª q. 63 a. 8 co.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	620 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31107">Iª q. 63 a. 8 ad 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	621 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31108">Iª q. 63 a. 8 ad 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	622 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31109">Iª q. 63 a. 8 ad 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	623 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31110">Iª q. 63 a. 9 arg. 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	624 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31111">Iª q. 63 a. 9 arg. 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	625 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31112">Iª q. 63 a. 9 arg. 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	626 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31113">Iª q. 63 a. 9 s. c.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	627 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31114">Iª q. 63 a. 9 co.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	628 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31115">Iª q. 63 a. 9 ad 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	629 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31116">Iª q. 63 a. 9 ad 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	630 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31117">Iª q. 63 a. 9 ad 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	631 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31118">Iª q. 64 pr.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	632 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31119">Iª q. 64 a. 1 arg. 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	633 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31120">Iª q. 64 a. 1 arg. 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	634 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31121">Iª q. 64 a. 1 arg. 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	635 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31122">Iª q. 64 a. 1 arg. 4');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	636 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31123">Iª q. 64 a. 1 arg. 5');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	637 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31124">Iª q. 64 a. 1 s. c.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	638 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31125">Iª q. 64 a. 1 co.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	639 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31126">Iª q. 64 a. 1 ad 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	640 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31127">Iª q. 64 a. 1 ad 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	641 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31128">Iª q. 64 a. 1 ad 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	642 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31129">Iª q. 64 a. 1 ad 4');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	643 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31130">Iª q. 64 a. 1 ad 5');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	644 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31131">Iª q. 64 a. 2 arg. 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	645 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31132">Iª q. 64 a. 2 arg. 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	646 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31133">Iª q. 64 a. 2 arg. 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	647 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31134">Iª q. 64 a. 2 arg. 4');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	648 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31135">Iª q. 64 a. 2 arg. 5');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	649 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31136">Iª q. 64 a. 2 s. c.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	650 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31137">Iª q. 64 a. 2 co.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	651 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31138">Iª q. 64 a. 2 ad 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	652 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31139">Iª q. 64 a. 2 ad 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	653 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31140">Iª q. 64 a. 2 ad 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	654 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31141">Iª q. 64 a. 2 ad 4');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	655 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31142">Iª q. 64 a. 2 ad 5');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	656 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31143">Iª q. 64 a. 3 arg. 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	657 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31144">Iª q. 64 a. 3 arg. 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	658 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31145">Iª q. 64 a. 3 arg. 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	659 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31146">Iª q. 64 a. 3 s. c.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	660 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31147">Iª q. 64 a. 3 co.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	661 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31148">Iª q. 64 a. 3 ad 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	662 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31149">Iª q. 64 a. 3 ad 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	663 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31150">Iª q. 64 a. 3 ad 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	664 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31151">Iª q. 64 a. 4 arg. 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	665 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31152">Iª q. 64 a. 4 arg. 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	666 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31153">Iª q. 64 a. 4 arg. 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	667 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31154">Iª q. 64 a. 4 s. c.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	668 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31155">Iª q. 64 a. 4 co.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	669 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31156">Iª q. 64 a. 4 ad 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	670 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31157">Iª q. 64 a. 4 ad 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	671 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31158">Iª q. 64 a. 4 ad 3');
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	672 document.write('<\/SELECT>');
26 4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	673 document.write('<BR><BR>');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	674 document.write('<INPUT TYPE="button" VALUE="Agedum" ONCLICK="go()">');
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	675 document.write('<\/FORM>');
26 4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	676 // -->
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	677 //]]>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	678 </script><br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	679 <hr />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	680 <br /></div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	681 <div class="D">Quaestio 50</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	682 <div class="G">Prooemium</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	683 <p title="I q. 50 pr."><a name="30551"><span class="ref">[30551]
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	684 Iª q. 50 pr.</span></a> Post haec considerandum est de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	685 distinctione corporalis et spiritualis creaturae. Et primo, de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	686 creatura pure spirituali, quae in Scriptura sacra Angelus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	687 nominatur; secundo, de creatura pure corporali; tertio, de creatura
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	688 composita ex corporali et spirituali, quae est homo. Circa vero
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	689 Angelos, considerandum est primo de his quae pertinent ad eorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	690 substantiam; secundo, de his quae pertinent ad eorum intellectum;
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	691 tertio, de his quae pertinent ad eorum voluntatem; quarto, de his
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	692 quae pertinent ad eorum creationem. De substantia autem eorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	693 considerandum est et absolute, et per comparationem ad corporalia.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	694 Circa substantiam vero eorum absolute, quinque quaeruntur. Primo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	695 utrum sit aliqua creatura omnino spiritualis, et penitus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	696 incorporea. Secundo, supposito quod Angelus sit talis, quaeritur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	697 utrum Angelus sit compositus ex materia et forma. Tertio, quaeritur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	698 de multitudine eorum. Quarto, de differentia ipsorum ab invicem.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	699 Quinto, de immortalitate, seu incorruptibilitate ipsorum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	700 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	701 <div class="E">Articulus 1</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	702 <p title="I q. 50 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="30552"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	703 "ref">[30552] Iª q. 50 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad primum sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	704 proceditur. Videtur quod Angelus non sit omnino incorporeus. Illud
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	705 enim quod est incorporeum solum quoad nos, et non quoad Deum, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	706 est incorporeum simpliciter. Sed Damascenus dicit, in libro II,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	707 quod <i>Angelus incorporeus et immaterialis dicitur quantum ad nos,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	708 sed comparatus ad Deum, corporeus et materialis invenitur</i>. Non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	709 ergo est incorporeus simpliciter.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	710 <p title="I q. 50 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="30553"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	711 "ref">[30553] Iª q. 50 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea, nihil
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	712 movetur nisi corpus, ut probatur in VI Physic. Sed Damascenus dicit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	713 ibidem quod Angelus est substantia intellectualis semper mobilis.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	714 Angelus ergo est substantia corporea.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	715 <p title="I q. 50 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="30554"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	716 "ref">[30554] Iª q. 50 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	717 Ambrosius dicit, in libro de spiritu sancto, <i>omnis creatura
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	718 certis suae naturae circumscripta est limitibus</i>. Circumscribi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	719 autem proprium est corporum. Ergo omnis creatura est corporea.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	720 Angeli autem sunt Dei creaturae, ut patet in Psalmo CXLVIII,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	721 laudate dominum, omnes Angeli eius; et postea subditur, <i>quoniam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	722 ipse dixit, et facta sunt, ipse mandavit, et creata sunt</i>. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	723 Angeli sunt corporei.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	724 <p title="I q. 50 a. 1 s. c."><a name="30555"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	725 "ref">[30555] Iª q. 50 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	726 quod dicitur in Psalmo CIII, <i>qui facit Angelos suos
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	727 spiritus</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	728 <p title="I q. 50 a. 1 co."><a name="30556"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	729 "ref">[30556] Iª q. 50 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	730 quod necesse est ponere aliquas creaturas incorporeas. Id enim quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	731 praecipue in rebus creatis Deus intendit est bonum quod consistit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	732 in assimilatione ad Deum. Perfecta autem assimilatio effectus ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	733 causam attenditur, quando effectus imitatur causam secundum illud
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	734 per quod causa producit effectum; sicut calidum facit calidum. Deus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	735 autem creaturam producit per intellectum et voluntatem, ut supra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	736 ostensum est. Unde ad perfectionem universi requiritur quod sint
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	737 aliquae creaturae intellectuales. Intelligere autem non potest esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	738 actus corporis, nec alicuius virtutis corporeae, quia omne corpus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	739 determinatur ad hic et nunc. Unde necesse est ponere, ad hoc quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	740 universum sit perfectum, quod sit aliqua incorporea creatura.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	741 Antiqui autem, ignorantes vim intelligendi, et non distinguentes
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	742 inter sensum et intellectum, nihil esse existimaverunt in mundo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	743 nisi quod sensu et imaginatione apprehendi potest. Et quia sub
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	744 imaginatione non cadit nisi corpus, existimaverunt quod nullum ens
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	745 esset nisi corpus; ut philosophus dicit in IV Physic. Et ex his
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	746 processit Sadducaeorum error, dicentium non esse spiritum. Sed hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	747 ipsum quod intellectus est altior sensu, rationabiliter ostendit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	748 esse aliquas res incorporeas, a solo intellectu
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	749 comprehensibiles.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	750 <p title="I q. 50 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="30557"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	751 "ref">[30557] Iª q. 50 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	752 dicendum quod substantiae incorporeae medium sunt inter Deum et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	753 creaturas corporeas. Medium autem comparatum ad unum extremum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	754 videtur alterum extremum; sicut tepidum comparatum calido, videtur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	755 frigidum. Et hac ratione dicitur quod Angeli, Deo comparati, sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	756 materiales et corporei, non quod in eis sit aliquid de natura
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	757 corporea.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	758 <p title="I q. 50 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="30558"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	759 "ref">[30558] Iª q. 50 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	760 dicendum quod motus ibi accipitur prout intelligere et velle motus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	761 quidam dicuntur. Dicitur ergo Angelus substantia semper mobilis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	762 quia semper est actu intelligens, non quandoque actu et quandoque
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	763 potentia, sicut nos. Unde patet quod ratio procedit ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	764 aequivoco.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	765 <p title="I q. 50 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="30559"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	766 "ref">[30559] Iª q. 50 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	767 dicendum quod circumscribi terminis localibus est proprium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	768 corporum, sed circumscribi terminis essentialibus est commune
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	769 cuilibet creaturae, tam corporali quam spirituali. Unde dicit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	770 Ambrosius, in libro de Spir. Sanct., quod licet quaedam locis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	771 corporalibus non contineantur, circumscriptione tamen substantiae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	772 non carent.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	773 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	774 <div class="E">Articulus 2</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	775 <p title="I q. 50 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="30560"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	776 "ref">[30560] Iª q. 50 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad secundum sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	777 proceditur. Videtur quod Angelus sit compositus ex materia et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	778 forma. Omne enim quod continetur sub aliquo genere, est compositum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	779 ex genere et differentia, quae, adveniens generi, constituit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	780 speciem. Sed genus sumitur ex materia, differentia vero ex forma,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	781 ut patet in VIII Metaphys. Ergo omne quod est in genere, est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	782 compositum ex materia et forma. Sed Angelus est in genere
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	783 substantiae. Ergo est compositus ex materia et forma.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	784 <p title="I q. 50 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="30561"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	785 "ref">[30561] Iª q. 50 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea, in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	786 quocumque inveniuntur proprietates materiae, ibi invenitur materia.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	787 Proprietates autem materiae sunt recipere et substare; unde dicit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	788 Boetius, in libro de Trin., quod <i>forma simplex subiectum esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	789 non potest</i>. Haec autem inveniuntur in Angelo. Ergo Angelus est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	790 compositus ex materia et forma.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	791 <p title="I q. 50 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="30562"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	792 "ref">[30562] Iª q. 50 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea, forma
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	793 est actus. Quod ergo est forma tantum, est actus purus. Sed Angelus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	794 non est actus purus, hoc enim solius Dei est. Ergo non est forma
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	795 tantum, sed habet formam in materia.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	796 <p title="I q. 50 a. 2 arg. 4"><a name="30563"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	797 "ref">[30563] Iª q. 50 a. 2 arg. 4</span></a> Praeterea, forma
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	798 proprie limitatur et finitur per materiam. Forma ergo quae non est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	799 in materia, est forma infinita. Sed forma Angeli non est infinita,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	800 quia omnis creatura finita est. Ergo forma Angeli est in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	801 materia.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	802 <p title="I q. 50 a. 2 s. c."><a name="30564"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	803 "ref">[30564] Iª q. 50 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	804 quod Dionysius dicit, IV cap. de Div. Nom., quod <i>primae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	805 creaturae sicut incorporales et immateriales intelliguntur</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	806 <p title="I q. 50 a. 2 co."><a name="30565"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	807 "ref">[30565] Iª q. 50 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	808 quod quidam ponunt Angelos esse compositos ex materia et forma. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	809 hanc opinionem astruere nititur Avicebron in libro fontis vitae.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	810 Supponit enim quod quaecumque distinguuntur secundum intellectum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	811 sint etiam in rebus distincta. In substantia autem incorporea
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	812 intellectus apprehendit aliquid per quod distinguitur a substantia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	813 corporea, et aliquid per quod cum ea convenit. Unde ex hoc vult
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	814 concludere quod illud per quod differt substantia incorporea a
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	815 corporea, sit ei quasi forma, et illud quod subiicitur huic formae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	816 distinguenti quasi commune, sit materia eius. Et propter hoc ponit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	817 quod eadem est materia universalis spiritualium et corporalium, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	818 intelligatur quod forma incorporeae substantiae sic sit impressa in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	819 materia spiritualium, sicut forma quantitatis est impressa in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	820 materia corporalium. Sed primo aspectu apparet esse impossibile
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	821 unam esse materiam spiritualium et corporalium. Non enim est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	822 possibile quod forma spiritualis et corporalis recipiatur in una
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	823 parte materiae, quia sic una et eadem res numero esset corporalis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	824 et spiritualis. Unde relinquitur quod alia pars materiae sit quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	825 recipit formam corporalem, et alia quae recipit formam spiritualem.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	826 Materiam autem dividi in partes non contingit nisi secundum quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	827 intelligitur sub quantitate, qua remota, remanet substantia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	828 indivisibilis, ut dicitur in I Physic. Sic igitur relinquitur quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	829 materia spiritualium sit subiecta quantitati, quod est impossibile.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	830 Impossibile est ergo quod una sit materia corporalium et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	831 spiritualium. Sed adhuc ulterius impossibile est quod substantia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	832 intellectualis habeat qualemcumque materiam. Operatio enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	833 cuiuslibet rei est secundum modum substantiae eius. Intelligere
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	834 autem est operatio penitus immaterialis. Quod ex eius obiecto
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	835 apparet, a quo actus quilibet recipit speciem et rationem, sic enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	836 unumquodque intelligitur, inquantum a materia abstrahitur; quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	837 formae in materia sunt individuales formae, quas intellectus non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	838 apprehendit secundum quod huiusmodi. Unde relinquitur quod omnis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	839 substantia intellectualis est omnino immaterialis. Non est autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	840 necessarium quod ea quae distinguuntur secundum intellectum, sint
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	841 distincta in rebus, quia intellectus non apprehendit res secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	842 modum rerum, sed secundum modum suum. Unde res materiales, quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	843 sunt infra intellectum nostrum, simpliciori modo sunt in intellectu
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	844 nostro, quam sint in seipsis. Substantiae autem angelicae sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	845 supra intellectum nostrum. Unde intellectus noster non potest
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	846 attingere ad apprehendendum eas secundum quod sunt in seipsis; sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	847 per modum suum, secundum quod apprehendit res compositas. Et sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	848 etiam apprehendit Deum, ut supra dictum est.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	849 <p title="I q. 50 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="30566"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	850 "ref">[30566] Iª q. 50 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	851 dicendum quod differentia est quae constituit speciem. Unumquodque
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	852 autem constituitur in specie, secundum quod determinatur ad aliquem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	853 specialem gradum in entibus, quia species rerum sunt sicut numeri,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	854 qui differunt per additionem et subtractionem unitatis, ut dicitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	855 in VIII Metaphys. In rebus autem materialibus aliud est quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	856 determinat ad specialem gradum, scilicet forma, et aliud quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	857 determinatur, scilicet materia, unde ab alio sumitur genus, et ab
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	858 alio differentia. Sed in rebus immaterialibus non est aliud
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	859 determinans et determinatum, sed unaquaeque earum secundum seipsam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	860 tenet determinatum gradum in entibus. Et ideo genus et differentia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	861 in eis non accipitur secundum aliud et aliud, sed secundum unum et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	862 idem. Quod tamen differt secundum considerationem nostram,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	863 inquantum enim intellectus noster considerat illam rem ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	864 indeterminate, accipitur in eis ratio generis; inquantum vero
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	865 considerat ut determinate, accipitur ratio differentiae.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	866 <p title="I q. 50 a. 2 ad 2"><a name="30567"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	867 "ref">[30567] Iª q. 50 a. 2 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	868 dicendum quod ratio illa ponitur in libro fontis vitae. Et esset
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	869 necessaria, si idem esset modus quo recipit intellectus, et quo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	870 recipit materia. Sed hoc patet esse falsum. Materia enim recipit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	871 formam, ut secundum ipsam constituatur in esse alicuius speciei,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	872 vel aeris, vel ignis, vel cuiuscumque alterius. Sic autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	873 intellectus non recipit formam, alioquin verificaretur opinio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	874 Empedoclis, qui posuit quod terram terra cognoscimus, et ignem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	875 igne. Sed forma intelligibilis est in intellectu secundum ipsam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	876 rationem formae, sic enim cognoscitur ab intellectu. Unde talis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	877 receptio non est receptio materiae, sed est receptio substantiae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	878 immaterialis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	879 <p title="I q. 50 a. 2 ad 3"><a name="30568"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	880 "ref">[30568] Iª q. 50 a. 2 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	881 dicendum quod, licet in Angelo non sit compositio formae et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	882 materiae, est tamen in eo actus et potentia. Quod quidem manifestum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	883 potest esse ex consideratione rerum materialium, in quibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	884 invenitur duplex compositio. Prima quidem formae et materiae, ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	885 quibus constituitur natura aliqua. Natura autem sic composita non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	886 est suum esse, sed esse est actus eius. Unde ipsa natura comparatur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	887 ad suum esse sicut potentia ad actum. Subtracta ergo materia, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	888 posito quod ipsa forma subsistat non in materia, adhuc remanet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	889 comparatio formae ad ipsum esse ut potentiae ad actum. Et talis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	890 compositio intelligenda est in Angelis. Et hoc est quod a quibusdam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	891 dicitur, quod Angelus est compositus ex quo est et quod est, vel ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	892 esse et quod est, ut Boetius dicit, nam quod est est ipsa forma
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	893 subsistens; ipsum autem esse est quo substantia est, sicut cursus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	894 est quo currens currit. Sed in Deo non est aliud esse et quod est,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	895 ut supra ostensum est. Unde solus Deus est actus purus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	896 <p title="I q. 50 a. 2 ad 4"><a name="30569"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	897 "ref">[30569] Iª q. 50 a. 2 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	898 dicendum quod omnis creatura est finita simpliciter, inquantum esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	899 eius non est absolutum subsistens, sed limitatur ad naturam aliquam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	900 cui advenit. Sed nihil prohibet aliquam creaturam esse secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	901 quid infinitam. Creaturae autem materiales habent infinitatem ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	902 parte materiae, sed finitatem ex parte formae, quae limitatur per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	903 materiam in qua recipitur. Substantiae autem immateriales creatae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	904 sunt finitae secundum suum esse, sed infinitae secundum quod eorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	905 formae non sunt receptae in alio. Sicut si diceremus albedinem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	906 separatam existentem esse infinitam quantum ad rationem albedinis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	907 quia non contrahitur ad aliquod subiectum; esse tamen eius esset
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	908 finitum, quia determinatur ad aliquam naturam specialem. Et propter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	909 hoc dicitur in libro de causis, quod intelligentia est finita
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	910 superius, inquantum scilicet recipit esse a suo superiori; sed est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	911 infinita inferius, inquantum non recipitur in aliqua materia.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	912 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	913 <div class="E">Articulus 3</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	914 <p title="I q. 50 a. 3 arg. 1"><a name="30570"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	915 "ref">[30570] Iª q. 50 a. 3 arg. 1</span></a> Ad tertium sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	916 proceditur. Videtur quod Angeli non sint in aliquo magno numero.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	917 Numerus enim species quantitatis est, et sequitur divisionem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	918 continui. Hoc autem non potest esse in Angelis cum sint incorporei,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	919 ut supra ostensum est. Ergo Angeli non possunt esse in aliquo magno
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	920 numero.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	921 <p title="I q. 50 a. 3 arg. 2"><a name="30571"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	922 "ref">[30571] Iª q. 50 a. 3 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	923 quanto aliquid est magis propinquum uni, tanto minus est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	924 multiplicatum, ut in numeris apparet. Natura autem angelica inter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	925 alias naturas creatas est Deo propinquior. Cum ergo Deus sit maxime
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	926 unus, videtur quod in natura angelica inveniatur minimum de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	927 multitudine.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	928 <p title="I q. 50 a. 3 arg. 3"><a name="30572"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	929 "ref">[30572] Iª q. 50 a. 3 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	930 proprius effectus separatarum substantiarum videtur esse motus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	931 corporum caelestium. Sed motus corporum caelestium sunt secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	932 aliquem determinatum numerum paucum, qui a nobis comprehendi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	933 potest. Ergo Angeli non sunt in maiori multitudine, quam motus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	934 corporum caelestium.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	935 <p title="I q. 50 a. 3 arg. 4"><a name="30573"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	936 "ref">[30573] Iª q. 50 a. 3 arg. 4</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	937 Dionysius dicit, IV cap. de Div. Nom., quod <i>propter radios
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	938 divinae bonitatis subsistunt intelligibiles et intellectuales omnes
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	939 substantiae</i>. Sed radius non multiplicatur nisi secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	940 diversitatem recipientium. Non autem potest dici quod materia sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	941 receptiva intelligibilis radii, cum substantiae intellectuales sint
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	942 immateriales, ut supra ostensum est. Ergo videtur quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	943 multiplicatio substantiarum intellectualium non possit esse nisi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	944 secundum exigentiam primorum corporum, scilicet caelestium, ut ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	945 ea quodammodo processus praedictorum radiorum terminetur. Et sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	946 idem quod prius.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	947 <p title="I q. 50 a. 3 s. c."><a name="30574"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	948 "ref">[30574] Iª q. 50 a. 3 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	949 quod dicitur Dan. VII, <i>millia millium ministrabant ei, et decies
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	950 millies centena millia assistebant ei</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	951 <p title="I q. 50 a. 3 co."><a name="30575"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	952 "ref">[30575] Iª q. 50 a. 3 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	953 quod circa numerum substantiarum separatarum, diversi diversis viis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	954 processerunt. Plato enim posuit substantias separatas esse species
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	955 rerum sensibilium, utpote si poneremus ipsam naturam humanam esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	956 separatam. Et secundum hoc oportebat dicere quod substantiae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	957 separatae sint secundum numerum specierum sensibilium. Sed hanc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	958 positionem improbat Aristoteles, ex eo quod materia est de ratione
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	959 speciei horum sensibilium. Unde substantiae separatae non possunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	960 esse species exemplares horum sensibilium, sed habent quasdam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	961 naturas altiores naturis rerum sensibilium. Posuit tamen
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	962 Aristoteles quod illae naturae perfectiores habent ordinem ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	963 sensibilia ista, secundum rationem moventis et finis. Et ideo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	964 secundum numerum primorum motuum, conatus est adinvenire numerum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	965 substantiarum separatarum. Sed quia hoc videtur repugnare
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	966 documentis sacrae Scripturae, Rabbi Moyses, Iudaeus, volens
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	967 utrumque concordare, posuit quod Angeli, secundum quod dicuntur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	968 substantiae immateriales, multiplicantur secundum numerum motuum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	969 vel corporum caelestium, secundum Aristotelem. Sed posuit quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	970 Angeli in Scriptura dicuntur etiam homines divina annuntiantes; et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	971 iterum virtutes rerum naturalium, quae Dei omnipotentiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	972 manifestant. Sed hoc est alienum a consuetudine Scripturae, quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	973 virtutes rerum irrationabilium Angeli nominentur. Unde dicendum est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	974 quod etiam Angeli secundum quod sunt immateriales substantiae, in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	975 quadam multitudine maxima sunt, omnem materialem multitudinem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	976 excedentes. Et hoc est quod dicit Dionysius, XIV cap. Caelest.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	977 Hierarch., <i>multi sunt beati exercitus supernarum mentium,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	978 infirmam et constrictam excedentes nostrorum materialium numerorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	979 commensurationem</i>. Et huius ratio est quia, cum perfectio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	980 universi sit illud quod praecipue Deus intendit in creatione rerum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	981 quanto aliqua sunt magis perfecta tanto in maiori excessu sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	982 creata a Deo. Sicut autem in corporibus attenditur excessus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	983 secundum magnitudinem, ita in rebus incorporeis potest attendi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	984 excessus secundum multitudinem. Videmus autem quod corpora
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	985 incorruptibilia, quae sunt perfectiora inter corpora, excedunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	986 quasi incomparabiliter secundum magnitudinem corpora corruptibilia,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	987 nam tota sphaera activorum et passivorum est aliquid modicum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	988 respectu corporum caelestium. Unde rationabile est quod substantiae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	989 immateriales excedant secundum multitudinem substantias materiales,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	990 quasi incomparabiliter.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	991 <p title="I q. 50 a. 3 ad 1"><a name="30576"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	992 "ref">[30576] Iª q. 50 a. 3 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	993 dicendum quod in Angelis non est numerus qui est quantitas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	994 discreta, causatus ex divisione continui, sed causatus ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	995 distinctione formarum, prout multitudo est de transcendentibus, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	996 supra dictum est.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	997 <p title="I q. 50 a. 3 ad 2"><a name="30577"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	998 "ref">[30577] Iª q. 50 a. 3 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	999 dicendum quod ex hoc quod natura angelica est Deo propinqua,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1000 oportet quod habeat minimum de multitudine in sui compositione, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1001 autem ita quod in paucis salvetur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1002 <p title="I q. 50 a. 3 ad 3"><a name="30578"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1003 "ref">[30578] Iª q. 50 a. 3 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1004 dicendum quod ratio illa est Aristotelis in XII Metaphys. Et ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1005 necessitate concluderet, si substantiae separatae essent propter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1006 substantias corporales, sic enim frustra essent immateriales
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1007 substantiae, nisi ex eis aliquis motus in rebus corporalibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1008 appareret. Non est autem hoc verum, quod substantiae immateriales
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1009 sint propter corporales, quia finis nobilior est his quae sunt ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1010 finem. Unde etiam Aristoteles dicit ibidem quod haec ratio non est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1011 necessaria, sed probabilis. Coactus autem fuit hac ratione uti,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1012 quia ad cognoscendum intelligibilia non possumus pervenire nisi per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1013 sensibilia.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1014 <p title="I q. 50 a. 3 ad 4"><a name="30579"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1015 "ref">[30579] Iª q. 50 a. 3 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1016 dicendum quod ratio illa procedit secundum opinionem eorum qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1017 causam distinctionis rerum ponebant esse materiam. Hoc autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1018 improbatum est. Unde multiplicatio Angelorum neque secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1019 materiam, neque secundum corpora est accipienda, sed secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1020 divinam sapientiam, diversos ordines immaterialium substantiarum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1021 excogitantem.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1022 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1023 <div class="E">Articulus 4</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1024 <p title="I q. 50 a. 4 arg. 1"><a name="30580"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1025 "ref">[30580] Iª q. 50 a. 4 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quartum sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1026 proceditur. Videtur quod Angeli non differant specie. Cum enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1027 differentia sit nobilior genere, quaecumque conveniunt secundum id
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1028 quod est nobilissimum in eis, conveniunt in ultima differentia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1029 constitutiva; et ita sunt eadem secundum speciem. Sed omnes Angeli
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1030 conveniunt in eo quod est nobilissimum in eis, scilicet in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1031 intellectualitate. Ergo omnes Angeli sunt unius speciei.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1032 <p title="I q. 50 a. 4 arg. 2"><a name="30581"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1033 "ref">[30581] Iª q. 50 a. 4 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea, magis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1034 et minus non diversificant speciem. Sed Angeli non videntur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1035 differre ad invicem nisi secundum magis et minus; prout scilicet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1036 unus alio est simplicior, et perspicacioris intellectus. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1037 Angeli non differunt specie.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1038 <p title="I q. 50 a. 4 arg. 3"><a name="30582"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1039 "ref">[30582] Iª q. 50 a. 4 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea, anima
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1040 et Angelus ex opposito dividuntur. Sed omnes animae sunt unius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1041 speciei. Ergo et Angeli.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1042 <p title="I q. 50 a. 4 arg. 4"><a name="30583"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1043 "ref">[30583] Iª q. 50 a. 4 arg. 4</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1044 quanto aliquid est perfectius in natura, tanto magis debet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1045 multiplicari. Hoc autem non esset, si in una specie esset unum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1046 tantum individuum. Ergo multi Angeli sunt unius speciei.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1047 <p title="I q. 50 a. 4 s. c."><a name="30584"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1048 "ref">[30584] Iª q. 50 a. 4 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1049 quod in his quae sunt unius speciei, non est invenire prius et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1050 posterius, ut dicitur in III Metaphys. Sed in Angelis, etiam unius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1051 ordinis, sunt primi et medii et ultimi, ut dicit Dionysius, X cap.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1052 Ang. Hier. Ergo Angeli non sunt eiusdem speciei.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1053 <p title="I q. 50 a. 4 co."><a name="30585"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1054 "ref">[30585] Iª q. 50 a. 4 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1055 quod quidam dixerunt omnes substantias spirituales esse unius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1056 speciei, etiam animas. Alii vero quod omnes Angeli sunt unius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1057 speciei, sed non animae. Quidam vero quod omnes Angeli unius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1058 hierarchiae, aut etiam unius ordinis. Sed hoc est impossibile. Ea
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1059 enim quae conveniunt specie et differunt numero, conveniunt in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1060 forma, et distinguuntur materialiter. Si ergo Angeli non sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1061 compositi ex materia et forma, ut dictum est supra, sequitur quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1062 impossibile sit esse duos Angelos unius speciei. Sicut etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1063 impossibile esset dicere quod essent plures albedines separatae,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1064 aut plures humanitates; cum albedines non sint plures nisi secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1065 quod sunt in pluribus substantiis. Si tamen Angeli haberent
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1066 materiam, nec sic possent esse plures Angeli unius speciei. Sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1067 enim oporteret quod principium distinctionis unius ab alio esset
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1068 materia, non quidem secundum divisionem quantitatis, cum sint
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1069 incorporei, sed secundum diversitatem potentiarum. Quae quidem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1070 diversitas materiae causat diversitatem non solum speciei, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1071 generis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1072 <p title="I q. 50 a. 4 ad 1"><a name="30586"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1073 "ref">[30586] Iª q. 50 a. 4 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1074 dicendum quod differentia est nobilior genere, sicut determinatum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1075 indeterminato et proprium communi; non autem sicut alia et alia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1076 natura. Alioquin oporteret quod omnia animalia irrationalia essent
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1077 unius speciei; vel quod esset in eis aliqua alia perfectior forma
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1078 quam anima sensibilis. Differunt ergo specie animalia irrationalia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1079 secundum diversos gradus determinatos naturae sensitivae. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1080 similiter omnes Angeli differunt specie secundum diversos gradus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1081 naturae intellectivae.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1082 <p title="I q. 50 a. 4 ad 2"><a name="30587"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1083 "ref">[30587] Iª q. 50 a. 4 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1084 dicendum quod magis et minus, secundum quod causantur ex intensione
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1085 et remissione unius formae, non diversificant speciem. Sed secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1086 quod causantur ex formis diversorum graduum, sic diversificant
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1087 speciem, sicut si dicamus quod ignis est perfectior aere. Et hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1088 modo Angeli diversificantur secundum magis et minus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1089 <p title="I q. 50 a. 4 ad 3"><a name="30588"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1090 "ref">[30588] Iª q. 50 a. 4 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1091 dicendum quod bonum speciei praeponderat bono individui. Unde multo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1092 melius est quod multiplicentur species in Angelis, quam quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1093 multiplicentur individua in una specie.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1094 <p title="I q. 50 a. 4 ad 4"><a name="30589"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1095 "ref">[30589] Iª q. 50 a. 4 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1096 dicendum quod multiplicatio secundum numerum, cum in infinitum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1097 protendi possit, non intenditur ab agente, sed sola multiplicatio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1098 secundum speciem, ut supra dictum est. Unde perfectio naturae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1099 angelicae requirit multiplicationem specierum, non autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1100 multiplicationem individuorum in una specie.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1101 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1102 <div class="E">Articulus 5</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1103 <p title="I q. 50 a. 5 arg. 1"><a name="30590"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1104 "ref">[30590] Iª q. 50 a. 5 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quintum sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1105 proceditur. Videtur quod Angeli non sint incorruptibiles. Dicit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1106 enim Damascenus de Angelo, quod <i>est substantia intellectualis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1107 gratia et non natura immortalitatem suscipiens</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1108 <p title="I q. 50 a. 5 arg. 2"><a name="30591"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1109 "ref">[30591] Iª q. 50 a. 5 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea, Plato
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1110 dicit, in Timaeo, <i>o dii deorum, quorum opifex idem paterque ego,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1111 opera siquidem vos mea, dissolubilia natura, me tamen ita volente
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1112 indissolubilia</i>. Hos autem deos non aliud quam Angelos
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1113 intelligere potest. Ergo Angeli natura sua sunt corruptibiles.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1114 <p title="I q. 50 a. 5 arg. 3"><a name="30592"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1115 "ref">[30592] Iª q. 50 a. 5 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1116 secundum Gregorium, <i>omnia in nihilum deciderent, nisi ea manus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1117 omnipotentis conservaret</i>. Sed quod in nihilum redigi potest,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1118 est corruptibile. Ergo, cum Angeli sint a Deo facti, videtur quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1119 sint corruptibiles secundum suam naturam.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1120 <p title="I q. 50 a. 5 s. c."><a name="30593"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1121 "ref">[30593] Iª q. 50 a. 5 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1122 quod Dionysius dicit, IV cap. de Div. Nom., quod intellectuales
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1123 substantiae <i>vitam habent indeficientem, ab universa corruptione,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1124 morte et materia et generatione mundae existentes</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1125 <p title="I q. 50 a. 5 co."><a name="30594"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1126 "ref">[30594] Iª q. 50 a. 5 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1127 quod necesse est dicere Angelos secundum suam naturam esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1128 incorruptibiles. Cuius ratio est, quia nihil corrumpitur nisi per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1129 hoc, quod forma eius a materia separatur, unde, cum Angelus sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1130 ipsa forma subsistens, ut ex dictis patet, impossibile est quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1131 eius substantia sit corruptibilis. Quod enim convenit alicui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1132 secundum se, nunquam ab eo separari potest, ab eo autem cui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1133 convenit per aliud, potest separari, separato eo secundum quod ei
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1134 conveniebat. Rotunditas enim a circulo separari non potest, quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1135 convenit ei secundum seipsum, sed aeneus circulus potest amittere
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1136 rotunditatem per hoc, quod circularis figura separatur ab aere.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1137 Esse autem secundum se competit formae, unumquodque enim est ens
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1138 actu secundum quod habet formam. Materia vero est ens actu per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1139 formam. Compositum igitur ex materia et forma desinit esse actu per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1140 hoc, quod forma separatur a materia. Sed si ipsa forma subsistat in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1141 suo esse, sicut est in Angelis, ut dictum est, non potest amittere
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1142 esse. Ipsa igitur immaterialitas Angeli est ratio quare Angelus est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1143 incorruptibilis secundum suam naturam. Et huius incorruptibilitatis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1144 signum accipi potest ex eius intellectuali operatione, quia enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1145 unumquodque operatur secundum quod est actu, operatio rei indicat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1146 modum esse ipsius. Species autem et ratio operationis ex obiecto
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1147 comprehenditur. Obiectum autem intelligibile, cum sit supra tempus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1148 est sempiternum. Unde omnis substantia intellectualis est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1149 incorruptibilis secundum suam naturam.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1150 <p title="I q. 50 a. 5 ad 1"><a name="30595"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1151 "ref">[30595] Iª q. 50 a. 5 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1152 dicendum quod Damascenus accipit immortalitatem perfectam, quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1153 includit omnimodam immutabilitatem, quia omnis mutatio est quaedam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1154 mors, ut Augustinus dicit. Perfectam autem immutabilitatem Angeli
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1155 non nisi per gratiam assequuntur, ut infra patebit.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1156 <p title="I q. 50 a. 5 ad 2"><a name="30596"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1157 "ref">[30596] Iª q. 50 a. 5 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1158 dicendum quod Plato per deos intelligit corpora caelestia, quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1159 existimabat esse ex elementis composita, et ideo secundum suam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1160 naturam dissolubilia, sed voluntate divina semper conservantur in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1161 esse.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1162 <p title="I q. 50 a. 5 ad 3"><a name="30597"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1163 "ref">[30597] Iª q. 50 a. 5 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1164 dicendum quod, sicut supra dictum est, quoddam necessarium est quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1165 habet causam suae necessitatis. Unde non repugnat necessario nec
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1166 incorruptibili, quod esse eius dependeat ab alio sicut a causa. Per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1167 hoc ergo quod dicitur quod omnia deciderent in nihilum nisi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1168 continerentur a Deo, et etiam Angeli, non datur intelligi quod in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1169 Angelis sit aliquod corruptionis principium, sed quod esse Angeli
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1170 dependeat a Deo sicut a causa. Non autem dicitur aliquid esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1171 corruptibile, per hoc quod Deus possit illud in non esse redigere,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1172 subtrahendo suam conservationem, sed per hoc quod in seipso aliquod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1173 principium corruptionis habet, vel contrarietatem vel saltem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1174 potentiam materiae.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1175 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1176 <div class="D">Quaestio 51</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1177 <div class="G">Prooemium</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1178 <p title="I q. 51 pr."><a name="30598"><span class="ref">[30598]
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1179 Iª q. 51 pr.</span></a> Deinde quaeritur de Angelis per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1180 comparationem ad corporalia. Et primo, de comparatione Angelorum ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1181 corpora; secundo, de comparatione Angelorum ad loca corporalia;
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1182 tertio, de comparatione Angelorum ad motum localem. Circa primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1183 quaeruntur tria. Primo, utrum Angeli habeant corpora naturaliter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1184 sibi unita. Secundo, utrum assumant corpora. Tertio, utrum in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1185 corporibus assumptis exerceant opera vitae.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1186 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1187 <div class="E">Articulus 1</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1188 <p title="I q. 51 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="30599"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1189 "ref">[30599] Iª q. 51 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad primum sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1190 proceditur. Videtur quod Angeli habeant corpora naturaliter sibi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1191 unita. Dicit enim Origenes, in libro peri archon, <i>solius Dei,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1192 idest patris et filii et spiritus sancti, naturae illud proprium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1193 est, ut sine materiali substantia et absque ulla corporeae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1194 adiectionis societate, intelligatur existere</i>. Bernardus etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1195 dicit, in VI homilia super Cant., <i>demus Deo soli, sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1196 immortalitatem sic incorporeitatem, cuius natura sola neque propter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1197 se neque propter alium, solatio indiget instrumenti corporei.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1198 Liquet autem omnem spiritum creatum corporeo indigere solatio</i>.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1199 Augustinus etiam dicit, super Gen. ad Litt., <i>Daemones aerea
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1200 dicuntur animalia, quia corporum aereorum natura vigent</i>. Eadem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1201 autem est natura Daemonis et Angeli. Ergo Angeli habent corpora
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1202 naturaliter sibi unita.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1203 <p title="I q. 51 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="30600"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1204 "ref">[30600] Iª q. 51 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1205 Gregorius, in homilia Epiphaniae, nominat Angelum rationale animal.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1206 Omne autem animal componitur ex corpore et anima. Ergo Angeli
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1207 habent corpora naturaliter sibi unita.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1208 <p title="I q. 51 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="30601"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1209 "ref">[30601] Iª q. 51 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1210 perfectior est vita in Angelis quam in animabus. Sed anima non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1211 solum vivit, sed etiam vivificat corpus. Ergo Angeli vivificant
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1212 corpora naturaliter sibi unita.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1213 <p title="I q. 51 a. 1 s. c."><a name="30602"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1214 "ref">[30602] Iª q. 51 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1215 quod dicit Dionysius, IV cap. de Div. Nom., quod <i>Angeli sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1216 incorporales intelliguntur</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1217 <p title="I q. 51 a. 1 co."><a name="30603"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1218 "ref">[30603] Iª q. 51 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1219 quod Angeli non habent corpora sibi naturaliter unita. Quod enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1220 accidit alicui naturae, non invenitur universaliter in natura illa,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1221 sicut habere alas, quia non est de ratione animalis, non convenit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1222 omni animali. Cum autem intelligere non sit actus corporis nec
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1223 alicuius virtutis corporeae, ut infra patebit, habere corpus unitum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1224 non est de ratione substantiae intellectualis inquantum huiusmodi,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1225 sed accidit alicui substantiae intellectuali propter aliquid aliud;
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1226 sicut humanae animae competit uniri corpori, quia est imperfecta et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1227 in potentia existens in genere intellectualium substantiarum, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1228 habens in sui natura plenitudinem scientiae, sed acquirens eam per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1229 sensus corporeos a sensibilibus rebus, ut infra dicetur. In
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1230 quocumque autem genere invenitur aliquid imperfectum, oportet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1231 praeexistere aliquid perfectum in genere illo. Sunt igitur aliquae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1232 substantiae perfectae intellectuales in natura intellectuali, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1233 indigentes acquirere scientiam a sensibilibus rebus. Non igitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1234 omnes substantiae intellectuales sunt unitae corporibus; sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1235 aliquae sunt a corporibus separatae. Et has dicimus Angelos.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1236 <p title="I q. 51 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="30604"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1237 "ref">[30604] Iª q. 51 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1238 dicendum quod, sicut supra dictum est, quorundam opinio fuit quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1239 omne ens esset corpus. Et ex hac existimatione derivatum videtur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1240 quod aliqui existimaverunt nullas substantias incorporeas esse nisi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1241 corporibus unitas; adeo quod quidam etiam posuerunt Deum esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1242 animam mundi, ut Augustinus narrat in VII de Civ. Dei. Sed quia hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1243 fidei Catholicae repugnat, quae ponit Deum super omnia exaltatum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1244 secundum illud Psalmi VIII, <i>elevata est magnificentia tua super
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1245 caelos</i>, Origenes, hoc de Deo dicere recusans, de aliis secutus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1246 est aliorum opinionem; sicut et in multis aliis deceptus fuit,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1247 sequens antiquorum philosophorum opiniones. Verbum autem Bernardi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1248 potest exponi, quod spiritus creati indigeant corporali
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1249 instrumento, non naturaliter unito, sed ad aliquid assumpto, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1250 infra dicetur. Augustinus autem loquitur non asserendo, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1251 opinione Platonicorum utens, qui ponebant esse quaedam animalia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1252 aerea, quae Daemones nominabant.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1253 <p title="I q. 51 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="30605"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1254 "ref">[30605] Iª q. 51 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1255 dicendum quod Gregorius nominat Angelum rationale animal
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1256 metaphorice, propter similitudinem rationis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1257 <p title="I q. 51 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="30606"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1258 "ref">[30606] Iª q. 51 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1259 dicendum quod vivificare effective simpliciter perfectionis est.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1260 Unde et Deo convenit secundum illud I Reg. II, <i>dominus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1261 mortificat et vivificat</i>. Sed vivificare formaliter est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1262 substantiae quae est pars alicuius naturae, et non habentis in se
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1263 integram naturam speciei. Unde substantia intellectualis quae non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1264 est unita corpori, est perfectior quam ea quae est corpori
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1265 unita.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1266 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1267 <div class="E">Articulus 2</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1268 <p title="I q. 51 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="30607"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1269 "ref">[30607] Iª q. 51 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad secundum sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1270 proceditur. Videtur quod Angeli non assumant corpora. In opere enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1271 Angeli nihil est superfluum; sicut neque in opere naturae. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1272 superfluum esset quod Angeli corpora assumerent, Angelus enim non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1273 indiget corpore, cum eius virtus omnem virtutem corporis excedat.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1274 Ergo Angelus non assumit corpus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1275 <p title="I q. 51 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="30608"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1276 "ref">[30608] Iª q. 51 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea, omnis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1277 assumptio ad aliquam unionem terminatur, quia assumere dicitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1278 quasi ad se sumere. Sed corpus non unitur Angelo ut formae, sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1279 dictum est. Ex eo autem quod unitur sibi ut motori, non dicitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1280 assumi, alioquin sequeretur quod omnia corpora mota ab Angelis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1281 essent ab eis assumpta. Ergo Angeli non assumunt corpora.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1282 <p title="I q. 51 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="30609"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1283 "ref">[30609] Iª q. 51 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1284 Angeli non assumunt corpora de terra vel aqua, quia non subito
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1285 disparerent; neque iterum de igne, quia comburerent ea quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1286 contingerent; neque iterum ex aere, quia aer infigurabilis est et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1287 incolorabilis. Ergo Angeli corpora non assumunt.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1288 <p title="I q. 51 a. 2 s. c."><a name="30610"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1289 "ref">[30610] Iª q. 51 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1290 quod Augustinus dicit, XVI de Civ. Dei, quod Angeli in assumptis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1291 corporibus Abrahae apparuerunt.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1292 <p title="I q. 51 a. 2 co."><a name="30611"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1293 "ref">[30611] Iª q. 51 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1294 quod quidam dixerunt Angelos nunquam corpora assumere, sed omnia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1295 quae in Scripturis divinis leguntur de apparitionibus Angelorum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1296 contigisse in visione prophetiae, hoc est secundum imaginationem.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1297 Sed hoc repugnat intentioni Scripturae. Illud enim quod imaginaria
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1298 visione videtur, est in sola imaginatione videntis, unde non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1299 videtur indifferenter ab omnibus. Scriptura autem divina sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1300 introducit interdum Angelos apparentes, ut communiter ab omnibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1301 viderentur; sicut Angeli apparentes Abrahae, visi sunt ab eo et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1302 tota familia eius, et a Loth, et a civibus Sodomorum. Similiter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1303 Angelus qui apparuit Tobiae, ab omnibus videbatur. Ex quo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1304 manifestum fit huiusmodi contigisse secundum corpoream visionem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1305 qua videtur id quod positum est extra videntem, unde ab omnibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1306 videri potest. Tali autem visione non videtur nisi corpus. Cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1307 igitur Angeli neque corpora sint, neque habeant corpora naturaliter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1308 sibi unita, ut ex dictis patet, relinquitur quod interdum corpora
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1309 assumant.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1310 <p title="I q. 51 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="30612"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1311 "ref">[30612] Iª q. 51 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1312 dicendum quod Angeli non indigent corpore assumpto propter seipsos,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1313 sed propter nos; ut familiariter cum hominibus conversando,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1314 demonstrent intelligibilem societatem quam homines expectant cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1315 eis habendam in futura vita. Hoc etiam quod Angeli corpora
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1316 assumpserunt in veteri testamento, fuit quoddam figurale indicium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1317 quod verbum Dei assumpturum esset corpus humanum, omnes enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1318 apparitiones veteris testamenti ad illam apparitionem ordinatae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1319 fuerunt, qua filius Dei apparuit in carne.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1320 <p title="I q. 51 a. 2 ad 2"><a name="30613"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1321 "ref">[30613] Iª q. 51 a. 2 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1322 dicendum quod corpus assumptum unitur Angelo, non quidem ut formae,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1323 neque solum ut motori; sed sicut motori repraesentato per corpus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1324 mobile assumptum. Sicut enim in sacra Scriptura proprietates rerum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1325 intelligibilium sub similitudinibus rerum sensibilium describuntur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1326 ita corpora sensibilia divina virtute sic formantur ab Angelis, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1327 congruant ad repraesentandum Angeli intelligibiles proprietates. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1328 hoc est Angelum assumere corpus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1329 <p title="I q. 51 a. 2 ad 3"><a name="30614"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1330 "ref">[30614] Iª q. 51 a. 2 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1331 dicendum quod, licet aer, in sua raritate manens, non retineat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1332 figuram neque colorem; quando tamen condensatur, et figurari et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1333 colorari potest, sicut patet in nubibus. Et sic Angeli assumunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1334 corpora ex aere, condensando ipsum virtute divina, quantum necesse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1335 est ad corporis assumendi formationem.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1336 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1337 <div class="E">Articulus 3</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1338 <p title="I q. 51 a. 3 arg. 1"><a name="30615"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1339 "ref">[30615] Iª q. 51 a. 3 arg. 1</span></a> Ad tertium sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1340 proceditur. Videtur quod Angeli in corporibus assumptis opera vitae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1341 exerceant. Angelos enim veritatis non decet aliqua fictio. Esset
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1342 autem fictio, si corpus ab eis assumptum, quod vivum videtur et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1343 opera vitae habens, non haberet huiusmodi. Ergo Angeli in assumpto
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1344 corpore opera vitae exercent.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1345 <p title="I q. 51 a. 3 arg. 2"><a name="30616"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1346 "ref">[30616] Iª q. 51 a. 3 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea, in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1347 operibus Angeli non sunt aliqua frustra. Frustra autem in corpore
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1348 assumpto per Angelum formarentur oculi et nares et alia sensuum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1349 instrumenta, nisi per ea Angelus sentiret. Ergo Angelus sentit per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1350 corpus assumptum. Quod est propriissimum opus vitae.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1351 <p title="I q. 51 a. 3 arg. 3"><a name="30617"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1352 "ref">[30617] Iª q. 51 a. 3 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1353 moveri motu processivo est unum de operibus vitae, ut patet in II
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1354 de anima. Manifeste autem Angeli apparent in assumptis corporibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1355 moveri. Dicitur enim Gen. XVIII, quod Abraham simul gradiebatur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1356 deducens Angelos qui ei apparuerant. Et Angelus Tobiae quaerenti,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1357 nosti viam quae ducit in civitatem Medorum? Respondit, <i>novi, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1358 omnia itinera eius frequenter ambulavi</i>. Ergo Angeli in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1359 corporibus assumptis frequenter exercent opera vitae.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1360 <p title="I q. 51 a. 3 arg. 4"><a name="30618"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1361 "ref">[30618] Iª q. 51 a. 3 arg. 4</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1362 locutio est opus viventis, fit enim per vocem, quae est sonus ab
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1363 ore animalis prolatus ut dicitur in II de anima. Manifestum est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1364 autem ex multis locis Scripturae, Angelos in assumptis corporibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1365 locutos fuisse. Ergo in corporibus assumptis exercent opera
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1366 vitae.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1367 <p title="I q. 51 a. 3 arg. 5"><a name="30619"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1368 "ref">[30619] Iª q. 51 a. 3 arg. 5</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1369 comedere est proprium opus animalis, unde dominus post
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1370 resurrectionem, in argumentum resumptae vitae, cum discipulis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1371 manducavit, ut habetur Lucae ultimo. Sed Angeli in assumptis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1372 corporibus apparentes comederunt, et Abraham eis cibos obtulit,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1373 quos tamen prius adoraverat, ut habetur Gen. XVIII. Ergo Angeli in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1374 assumptis corporibus exercent opera vitae.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1375 <p title="I q. 51 a. 3 arg. 6"><a name="30620"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1376 "ref">[30620] Iª q. 51 a. 3 arg. 6</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1377 generare hominem est actus vitae. Sed hoc competit Angelis in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1378 assumptis corporibus dicitur enim Gen. VI, <i>postquam ingressi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1379 sunt filii Dei ad filias hominum, illaeque genuerunt, isti sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1380 potentes a saeculo viri famosi</i>. Ergo Angeli exercent opera
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1381 vitae in corporibus assumptis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1382 <p title="I q. 51 a. 3 s. c."><a name="30621"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1383 "ref">[30621] Iª q. 51 a. 3 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1384 corpora assumpta ab Angelis non vivunt, ut supra dictum est. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1385 nec opera vitae per ea exerceri possunt.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1386 <p title="I q. 51 a. 3 co."><a name="30622"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1387 "ref">[30622] Iª q. 51 a. 3 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1388 quod quaedam opera viventium habent aliquid commune cum aliis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1389 operibus, ut locutio, quae est opus viventis, convenit cum aliis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1390 sonis inanimatorum, inquantum est sonus; et progressio cum aliis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1391 motibus, inquantum est motus. Quantum ergo ad id quod est commune
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1392 utrisque operibus, possunt opera vitae fieri ab Angelis per corpora
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1393 assumpta. Non autem quantum ad id quod est proprium viventium, quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1394 secundum philosophum, in libro de Somn. et Vig., cuius est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1395 potentia, eius est actio; unde nihil potest habere opus vitae, quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1396 non habet vitam, quae est potentiale principium talis actionis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1397 <p title="I q. 51 a. 3 ad 1"><a name="30623"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1398 "ref">[30623] Iª q. 51 a. 3 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1399 dicendum quod, sicut non est contra veritatem quod in Scriptura
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1400 intelligibilia sub figuris sensibilibus describuntur, quia hoc non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1401 dicitur ad adstruendum quod intelligibilia sint sensibilia, sed per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1402 figuras sensibilium proprietates intelligibilium secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1403 similitudinem quandam dantur intelligi; ita non repugnat veritati
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1404 sanctorum Angelorum quod corpora ab eis assumpta videntur homines
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1405 viventes, licet non sint. Non enim assumuntur nisi ut per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1406 proprietates hominis et operum hominis. Spirituales proprietates
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1407 Angelorum et eorum spiritualia opera designentur. Quod non ita
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1408 congrue fieret, si veros homines assumerent, quia proprietates
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1409 eorum ducerent in ipsos homines, non in Angelos.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1410 <p title="I q. 51 a. 3 ad 2"><a name="30624"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1411 "ref">[30624] Iª q. 51 a. 3 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1412 dicendum quod sentire est totaliter opus vitae, unde nullo modo est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1413 dicendum quod Angeli per organa assumptorum corporum sentiant. Nec
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1414 tamen superflue sunt formata. Non enim ad hoc sunt formata, ut per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1415 ea sentiatur, sed ad hoc ut per huiusmodi organa virtutes
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1416 spirituales Angelorum designentur; sicut per oculum designatur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1417 virtus cognitiva Angeli, et per alia membra aliae eius virtutes, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1418 Dionysius docet, ult. cap. Cael. Hier.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1419 <p title="I q. 51 a. 3 ad 3"><a name="30625"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1420 "ref">[30625] Iª q. 51 a. 3 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1421 dicendum quod motus qui est a motore coniuncto, est proprium opus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1422 vitae. Sic autem non moventur corpora assumpta ab eis, quia Angeli
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1423 non sunt eorum formae. Moventur tamen Angeli per accidens, motis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1424 huiusmodi corporibus, cum sint in eis sicut motores in mobilibus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1425 et ita sunt hic quod non alibi, quod de Deo dici non potest. Unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1426 licet Deus non moveatur, motis his in quibus est, quia ubique est;
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1427 Angeli tamen moventur per accidens ad motum corporum assumptorum.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1428 Non autem ad motum corporum caelestium, etiamsi sint in eis sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1429 motores in mobilibus, quia corpora caelestia non recedunt de loco
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1430 secundum totum; nec determinatur spiritui moventi orbem locus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1431 secundum aliquam determinatam partem substantiae orbis, quae nunc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1432 est in oriente, nunc in occidente; sed secundum determinatum situm,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1433 quia semper est in oriente virtus movens, ut dicitur in VIII
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1434 Physic.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1435 <p title="I q. 51 a. 3 ad 4"><a name="30626"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1436 "ref">[30626] Iª q. 51 a. 3 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1437 dicendum quod Angeli proprie non loquuntur per corpora assumpta,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1438 sed est aliquid simile locutioni, inquantum formant sonos in aere
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1439 similes vocibus humanis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1440 <p title="I q. 51 a. 3 ad 5"><a name="30627"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1441 "ref">[30627] Iª q. 51 a. 3 ad 5</span></a> Ad quintum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1442 dicendum quod nec etiam comedere, proprie loquendo, Angelis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1443 convenit, quia comestio importat sumptionem cibi convertibilis in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1444 substantiam comedentis. Et quamvis in corpus Christi post
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1445 resurrectionem cibus non converteretur, sed resolveretur in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1446 praeiacentem materiam, tamen Christus habebat corpus talis naturae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1447 in quod posset cibus converti, unde fuit vera comestio. Sed cibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1448 assumptus ab Angelis neque convertebatur in corpus assumptum, neque
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1449 corpus illud talis erat naturae in quod posset alimentum converti,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1450 unde non fuit vera comestio, sed figurativa spiritualis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1451 comestionis. Et hoc est quod Angelus dixit, Tob. XII, <i>cum essem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1452 vobiscum, videbar quidem manducare et bibere, sed ego potu
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1453 invisibili et cibo utor</i>. Abraham autem obtulit eis cibos,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1454 existimans eos homines esse; in quibus tamen Deum venerabatur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1455 sicut solet Deus esse in prophetis, ut Augustinus dicit, XVI de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1456 Civ. Dei.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1457 <p title="I q. 51 a. 3 ad 6"><a name="30628"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1458 "ref">[30628] Iª q. 51 a. 3 ad 6</span></a> Ad sextum dicendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1459 quod, sicut Augustinus dicit, XV de Civ. Dei, <i>multi se expertos,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1460 vel ab expertis audisse confirmant, Silvanos et Faunos, quos vulgus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1461 incubos vocat, improbos saepe extitisse mulieribus et earum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1462 expetisse atque peregisse concubitum. Unde hoc negare impudentiae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1463 videtur. Sed Angeli Dei sancti nullo modo sic labi ante diluvium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1464 potuerunt. Unde per filios Dei intelliguntur filii Seth, qui boni
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1465 erant, filias autem hominum nominat Scriptura eas quae natae erant
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1466 de stirpe Cain. Neque mirandum est quod de eis gigantes nasci
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1467 potuerunt, neque enim omnes gigantes fuerunt, sed multo plures ante
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1468 diluvium quam post</i>. Si tamen ex coitu Daemonum aliqui interdum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1469 nascuntur, hoc non est per semen ab eis decisum, aut a corporibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1470 assumptis, sed per semen alicuius hominis ad hoc acceptum, utpote
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1471 quod idem Daemon qui est succubus ad virum, fiat incubus ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1472 mulierem; sicut et aliarum rerum semina assumunt ad aliquarum rerum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1473 generationem, ut Augustinus dicit, III de Trin.; ut sic ille qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1474 nascitur non sit filius Daemonis, sed illius hominis cuius est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1475 semen acceptum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1476 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1477 <div class="D">Quaestio 52</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1478 <div class="G">Prooemium</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1479 <p title="I q. 52 pr."><a name="30629"><span class="ref">[30629]
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1480 Iª q. 52 pr.</span></a> Deinde quaeritur de loco Angeli. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1481 circa hoc quaeruntur tria. Primo, utrum Angelus sit in loco.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1482 Secundo, utrum possit esse in pluribus locis simul. Tertio, utrum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1483 plures Angeli possint esse in eodem loco.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1484 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1485 <div class="E">Articulus 1</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1486 <p title="I q. 52 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="30630"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1487 "ref">[30630] Iª q. 52 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad primum sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1488 proceditur. Videtur quod Angelus non sit in loco. Dicit enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1489 Boetius, in libro de Hebd., <i>communis animi conceptio apud
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1490 sapientes est, incorporalia in loco non esse</i>. Et Aristoteles,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1491 in IV Physic., dicit quod <i>non omne quod est, est in loco, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1492 mobile corpus</i>. Sed Angelus non est corpus, ut supra ostensum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1493 est. Ergo Angelus non est in loco.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1494 <p title="I q. 52 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="30631"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1495 "ref">[30631] Iª q. 52 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea, locus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1496 est quantitas positionem habens. Omne ergo quod est in loco, habet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1497 aliquem situm. Sed habere situm non potest convenire Angelo, cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1498 substantia sua sit immunis a quantitate, cuius propria differentia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1499 est positionem habere. Ergo Angelus non est in loco.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1500 <p title="I q. 52 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="30632"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1501 "ref">[30632] Iª q. 52 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea, esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1502 in loco est mensurari loco et contineri a loco, ut patet per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1503 philosophum in IV Physic. Sed Angelus non potest mensurari neque
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1504 contineri a loco, quia continens est formalius contento, sicut aer
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1505 aqua, ut dicitur in IV Physic. Ergo Angelus non est in loco.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1506 <p title="I q. 52 a. 1 s. c."><a name="30633"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1507 "ref">[30633] Iª q. 52 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1508 quod in collecta dicitur, <i>Angeli tui sancti, habitantes in ea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1509 nos in pace custodiant</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1510 <p title="I q. 52 a. 1 co."><a name="30634"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1511 "ref">[30634] Iª q. 52 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1512 quod Angelo convenit esse in loco, aequivoce tamen dicitur Angelus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1513 esse in loco, et corpus. Corpus enim est in loco per hoc, quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1514 applicatur loco secundum contactum dimensivae quantitatis. Quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1515 quidem in Angelis non est; sed est in eis quantitas virtualis. Per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1516 applicationem igitur virtutis angelicae ad aliquem locum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1517 qualitercumque, dicitur Angelus esse in loco corporeo. Et secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1518 hoc patet quod non oportet dicere quod Angelus commensuretur loco;
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1519 vel quod habeat situm in continuo. Haec enim conveniunt corpori
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1520 locato, prout est quantum quantitate dimensiva. Similiter etiam non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1521 oportet propter hoc, quod contineatur a loco. Nam substantia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1522 incorporea sua virtute contingens rem corpoream, continet ipsam, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1523 non continetur ab ea, anima enim est in corpore ut continens, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1524 non ut contenta. Et similiter Angelus dicitur esse in loco
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1525 corporeo, non ut contentum, sed ut continens aliquo modo.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1526 <p title="I q. 52 a. 1 ad arg."><a name="30635"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1527 "ref">[30635] Iª q. 52 a. 1 ad arg.</span></a> Et per hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1528 patet responsio ad obiecta.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1529 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1530 <div class="E">Articulus 2</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1531 <p title="I q. 52 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="30636"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1532 "ref">[30636] Iª q. 52 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad secundum sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1533 proceditur. Videtur quod Angelus possit esse in pluribus locis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1534 simul. Angelus enim non est minoris virtutis quam anima. Sed anima
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1535 est simul in pluribus locis, quia est tota in qualibet parte
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1536 corporis, ut Augustinus dicit. Ergo Angelus potest esse in pluribus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1537 locis simul.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1538 <p title="I q. 52 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="30637"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1539 "ref">[30637] Iª q. 52 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1540 Angelus est in corpore assumpto; et cum assumat corpus continuum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1541 videtur quod sit in qualibet eius parte. Sed secundum partes eius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1542 considerantur diversa loca. Ergo Angelus est simul in pluribus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1543 locis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1544 <p title="I q. 52 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="30638"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1545 "ref">[30638] Iª q. 52 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1546 Damascenus dicit quod ubi Angelus operatur, ibi est. Sed aliquando
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1547 operatur simul in pluribus locis, ut patet de Angelo subvertente
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1548 Sodomam, Gen. XIX. Ergo Angelus potest esse in pluribus locis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1549 simul.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1550 <p title="I q. 52 a. 2 s. c."><a name="30639"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1551 "ref">[30639] Iª q. 52 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1552 quod Damascenus dicit, quod <i>Angeli, dum sunt in caelo, non sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1553 in terra</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1554 <p title="I q. 52 a. 2 co."><a name="30640"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1555 "ref">[30640] Iª q. 52 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1556 quod Angelus est virtutis et essentiae finitae. Divina autem virtus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1557 et essentia infinita est, et est universalis causa omnium, et ideo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1558 sua virtute omnia contingit, et non solum in pluribus locis est,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1559 sed ubique. Virtus autem Angeli, quia finita est, non se extendit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1560 ad omnia, sed ad aliquid unum determinatum. Oportet enim quidquid
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1561 comparatur ad unam virtutem, ut unum aliquid comparari ad ipsam.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1562 Sicut igitur universum ens comparatur ut unum aliquid ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1563 universalem Dei virtutem, ita et aliquod particulare ens comparatur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1564 ut aliquid unum ad Angeli virtutem. Unde cum Angelus sit in loco
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1565 per applicationem virtutis suae ad locum, sequitur quod non sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1566 ubique, nec in pluribus locis, sed in uno loco tantum. Circa hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1567 tamen aliqui decepti sunt. Quidam enim, imaginationem transcendere
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1568 non valentes, cogitaverunt indivisibilitatem Angeli ad modum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1569 indivisibilitatis puncti, et inde crediderunt quod Angelus non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1570 posset esse nisi in loco punctali. Sed manifeste decepti sunt. Nam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1571 punctum est indivisibile habens situm, sed Angelus est indivisibile
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1572 extra genus quantitatis et situs existens. Unde non est necesse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1573 quod determinetur ei unus locus indivisibilis secundum situm; sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1574 vel divisibilis vel indivisibilis, vel maior vel minor, secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1575 quod voluntarie applicat suam virtutem ad corpus maius vel minus.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1576 Et sic totum corpus cui per suam virtutem applicatur, correspondet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1577 ei ut unus locus. Nec tamen oportet quod si aliquis Angelus movet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1578 caelum, quod sit ubique. Primo quidem, quia non applicatur virtus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1579 eius nisi ad id quod primo ab ipso movetur, una autem pars caeli
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1580 est in qua primo est motus, scilicet pars orientis, unde etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1581 philosophus, in VIII Physic., virtutem motoris caelorum attribuit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1582 parti orientis. Secundo, quia non ponitur a philosophis quod una
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1583 substantia separata moveat omnes orbes immediate. Unde non oportet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1584 quod sit ubique. Sic igitur patet quod diversimode esse in loco
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1585 convenit corpori, et Angelo, et Deo. Nam corpus est in loco
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1586 circumscriptive, quia commensuratur loco. Angelus autem non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1587 circumscriptive, cum non commensuretur loco, sed definitive, quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1588 ita est in uno loco, quod non in alio. Deus autem neque
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1589 circumscriptive neque definitive, quia est ubique.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1590 <p title="I q. 52 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="30641"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1591 "ref">[30641] Iª q. 52 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Et per hoc patet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1592 de facili responsio ad obiecta, quia totum illud cui immediate
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1593 applicatur virtus Angeli, reputatur ut unus locus eius, licet sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1594 continuum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1595 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1596 <div class="E">Articulus 3</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1597 <p title="I q. 52 a. 3 arg. 1"><a name="30642"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1598 "ref">[30642] Iª q. 52 a. 3 arg. 1</span></a> Ad tertium sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1599 proceditur. Videtur quod plures Angeli possint simul esse in eodem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1600 loco. Plura enim corpora non possunt esse simul in eodem loco, quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1601 replent locum. Sed Angeli non replent locum, quia solum corpus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1602 replet locum, ut non sit vacuum, ut patet per philosophum, in IV
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1603 Physic. Ergo plures Angeli possunt esse in uno loco.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1604 <p title="I q. 52 a. 3 arg. 2"><a name="30643"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1605 "ref">[30643] Iª q. 52 a. 3 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea, plus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1606 differt Angelus et corpus quam duo Angeli. Sed Angelus et corpus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1607 sunt simul in eodem loco, quia nullus locus est qui non sit plenus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1608 sensibili corpore, ut probatur in IV Physic. Ergo multo magis duo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1609 Angeli possunt esse in eodem loco.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1610 <p title="I q. 52 a. 3 arg. 3"><a name="30644"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1611 "ref">[30644] Iª q. 52 a. 3 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea, anima
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1612 est in qualibet parte corporis, secundum Augustinum. Sed Daemones,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1613 licet non illabantur mentibus, illabuntur tamen interdum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1614 corporibus, et sic anima et Daemon sunt simul in eodem loco. Ergo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1615 eadem ratione, quaecumque aliae spirituales substantiae.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1616 <p title="I q. 52 a. 3 s. c."><a name="30645"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1617 "ref">[30645] Iª q. 52 a. 3 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra, duae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1618 animae non sunt in eodem corpore. Ergo, pari ratione, neque duo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1619 Angeli in eodem loco.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1620 <p title="I q. 52 a. 3 co."><a name="30646"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1621 "ref">[30646] Iª q. 52 a. 3 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1622 quod duo Angeli non sunt simul in eodem loco. Et ratio huius est,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1623 quia impossibile est quod duae causae completae sint immediatae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1624 unius et eiusdem rei. Quod patet in omni genere causarum, una enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1625 est forma proxima unius rei, et unum est proximum movens, licet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1626 possint esse plures motores remoti. Nec habet instantiam de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1627 pluribus trahentibus navem, quia nullus eorum est perfectus motor,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1628 cum virtus uniuscuiusque sit insufficiens ad movendum; sed omnes
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1629 simul sunt in loco unius motoris, inquantum omnes virtutes eorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1630 aggregantur ad unum motum faciendum. Unde cum Angelus dicatur esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1631 in loco per hoc quod virtus eius immediate contingit locum per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1632 modum continentis perfecti, ut dictum est, non potest esse nisi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1633 unus Angelus in uno loco.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1634 <p title="I q. 52 a. 3 ad 1"><a name="30647"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1635 "ref">[30647] Iª q. 52 a. 3 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1636 dicendum quod plures Angelos esse in uno loco non impeditur propter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1637 impletionem loci, sed propter aliam causam, ut dictum est.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1638 <p title="I q. 52 a. 3 ad 2"><a name="30648"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1639 "ref">[30648] Iª q. 52 a. 3 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1640 dicendum quod Angelus et corpus non eodem modo sunt in loco, unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1641 ratio non sequitur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1642 <p title="I q. 52 a. 3 ad 3"><a name="30649"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1643 "ref">[30649] Iª q. 52 a. 3 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1644 dicendum quod nec etiam Daemon et anima comparantur ad corpus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1645 secundum eandem habitudinem causae; cum anima sit forma, non autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1646 Daemon. Unde ratio non sequitur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1647 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1648 <div class="D">Quaestio 53</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1649 <div class="G">Prooemium</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1650 <p title="I q. 53 pr."><a name="30650"><span class="ref">[30650]
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1651 Iª q. 53 pr.</span></a> Consequenter considerandum est de motu
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1652 locali Angelorum. Et circa hoc quaeruntur tria. Primo, utrum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1653 Angelus possit moveri localiter. Secundo, utrum moveatur de loco ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1654 locum, pertranseundo medium. Tertio, utrum motus Angeli sit in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1655 tempore vel in instanti.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1656 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1657 <div class="E">Articulus 1</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1658 <p title="I q. 53 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="30651"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1659 "ref">[30651] Iª q. 53 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad primum sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1660 proceditur. Videtur quod Angelus non possit moveri localiter. Ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1661 enim probat philosophus in VI Physic., nullum impartibile movetur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1662 quia dum aliquid est in termino a quo, non movetur; nec etiam dum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1663 est in termino ad quem, sed tunc mutatum est, unde relinquitur quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1664 omne quod movetur, dum movetur, partim est in termino a quo, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1665 partim in termino ad quem. Sed Angelus est impartibilis. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1666 Angelus non potest moveri localiter.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1667 <p title="I q. 53 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="30652"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1668 "ref">[30652] Iª q. 53 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea, motus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1669 est actus imperfecti, ut dicitur in III Physic. Sed Angelus beatus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1670 non est imperfectus. Ergo Angelus beatus non movetur localiter.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1671 <p title="I q. 53 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="30653"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1672 "ref">[30653] Iª q. 53 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea, motus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1673 non est nisi propter indigentiam. Sed sanctorum Angelorum nulla est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1674 indigentia. Ergo sancti Angeli localiter non moventur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1675 <p title="I q. 53 a. 1 s. c."><a name="30654"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1676 "ref">[30654] Iª q. 53 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1677 eiusdem rationis est Angelum beatum moveri, et animam beatam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1678 moveri. Sed necesse est dicere animam beatam localiter moveri, cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1679 sit articulus fidei quod Christus secundum animam, descendit ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1680 Inferos. Ergo Angelus beatus movetur localiter.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1681 <p title="I q. 53 a. 1 co."><a name="30655"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1682 "ref">[30655] Iª q. 53 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1683 quod Angelus beatus potest moveri localiter. Sed sicut esse in loco
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1684 aequivoce convenit corpori et Angelo, ita etiam et moveri secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1685 locum. Corpus enim est in loco, inquantum continetur sub loco, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1686 commensuratur loco. Unde oportet quod etiam motus corporis secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1687 locum, commensuretur loco, et sit secundum exigentiam eius. Et inde
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1688 est quod secundum continuitatem magnitudinis est continuitas motus;
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1689 et secundum prius et posterius in magnitudine, est prius et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1690 posterius in motu locali corporis, ut dicitur in IV Physic. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1691 Angelus non est in loco ut commensuratus et contentus, sed magis ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1692 continens. Unde motus Angeli in loco, non oportet quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1693 commensuretur loco, nec quod sit secundum exigentiam eius, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1694 habeat continuitatem ex loco; sed est motus non continuus. Quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1695 enim Angelus non est in loco nisi secundum contactum virtutis, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1696 dictum est, necesse est quod motus Angeli in loco nihil aliud sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1697 quam diversi contactus diversorum locorum successive et non simul,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1698 quia Angelus non potest simul esse in pluribus locis, ut supra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1699 dictum est. Huiusmodi autem contactus non est necessarium esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1700 continuos. Potest tamen in huiusmodi contactibus continuitas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1701 quaedam inveniri. Quia, ut dictum est, nihil prohibet Angelo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1702 assignare locum divisibilem, per contactum suae virtutis; sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1703 corpori assignatur locus divisibilis, per contactum suae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1704 magnitudinis. Unde sicut corpus successive, et non simul, dimittit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1705 locum in quo prius erat, et ex hoc causatur continuitas in motu
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1706 locali eius; ita etiam Angelus potest dimittere successive locum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1707 divisibilem in quo prius erat, et sic motus eius erit continuus. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1708 potest etiam totum locum simul dimittere, et toti alteri loco simul
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1709 se applicare, et sic motus eius non erit continuus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1710 <p title="I q. 53 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="30656"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1711 "ref">[30656] Iª q. 53 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1712 dicendum quod illa ratio dupliciter deficit in proposito. Primo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1713 quidem, quia demonstratio Aristotelis procedit de indivisibili
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1714 secundum quantitatem, cui respondet locus de necessitate
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1715 indivisibilis. Quod non potest dici de Angelo. Secundo, quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1716 demonstratio Aristotelis procedit de motu continuo. Si enim motus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1717 non esset continuus, posset dici quod aliquid movetur dum est in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1718 termino a quo, et dum est in termino ad quem, quia ipsa successio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1719 diversorum ubi circa eandem rem, motus diceretur; unde in quolibet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1720 illorum ubi res esset, illa posset dici moveri. Sed continuitas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1721 motus hoc impedit, quia nullum continuum est in termino suo, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1722 patet, quia linea non est in puncto. Et ideo oportet quod illud
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1723 quod movetur, non sit totaliter in altero terminorum, dum movetur;
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1724 sed partim in uno, et partim in altero. Secundum ergo quod motus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1725 Angeli non est continuus, demonstratio Aristotelis non procedit in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1726 proposito. Sed secundum quod motus Angeli ponitur continuus, sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1727 concedi potest quod Angelus, dum movetur, partim est in termino a
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1728 quo, et partim in termino ad quem (ut tamen partialitas non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1729 referatur ad substantiam Angeli, sed ad locum), quia in principio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1730 sui motus continui, Angelus est in toto loco divisibili a quo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1731 incipit moveri; sed dum est in ipso moveri, est in parte primi loci
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1732 quem deserit, et in parte secundi loci quem occupat. Et hoc quidem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1733 quod possit occupare partes duorum locorum, competit Angelo ex hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1734 quod potest occupare locum divisibilem per applicationem suae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1735 virtutis sicut corpus per applicationem magnitudinis. Unde sequitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1736 de corpore mobili secundum locum, quod sit divisibile secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1737 magnitudinem de Angelo autem, quod virtus eius possit applicari
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1738 alicui divisibili.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1739 <p title="I q. 53 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="30657"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1740 "ref">[30657] Iª q. 53 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1741 dicendum quod motus existentis in potentia, est actus imperfecti.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1742 Sed motus qui est secundum applicationem virtutis, est existentis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1743 in actu, quia virtus rei est secundum quod actu est.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1744 <p title="I q. 53 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="30658"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1745 "ref">[30658] Iª q. 53 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1746 dicendum quod motus existentis in potentia, est propter indigentiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1747 suam, sed motus existentis in actu, non est propter indigentiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1748 suam, sed propter indigentiam alterius. Et hoc modo Angelus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1749 propter indigentiam nostram, localiter movetur, secundum illud Heb.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1750 I, <i>omnes sunt administratorii spiritus, in ministerium missi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1751 propter eos qui haereditatem capiunt salutis</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1752 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1753 <div class="E">Articulus 2</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1754 <p title="I q. 53 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="30659"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1755 "ref">[30659] Iª q. 53 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad secundum sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1756 proceditur. Videtur quod Angelus non transeat per medium. Omne enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1757 quod pertransit medium, prius pertransit locum sibi aequalem, quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1758 maiorem. Locus autem aequalis Angeli, qui est indivisibilis, est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1759 locus punctalis. Si ergo Angelus in suo motu pertransit medium,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1760 oportet quod numeret puncta infinita suo motu, quod est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1761 impossibile.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1762 <p title="I q. 53 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="30660"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1763 "ref">[30660] Iª q. 53 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1764 Angelus est simplicioris substantiae quam anima nostra. Sed anima
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1765 nostra sua cogitatione potest transire de uno extremo in aliud, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1766 pertranseundo medium, possum enim cogitare Galliam et postea
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1767 Syriam, nihil cogitando de Italia, quae est in medio. Ergo multo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1768 magis Angelus potest de uno extremo transire ad aliud, non per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1769 medium.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1770 <p title="I q. 53 a. 2 s. c."><a name="30661"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1771 "ref">[30661] Iª q. 53 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra, si
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1772 Angelus movetur de uno loco ad alium, quando est in termino ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1773 quem, non movetur, sed mutatus est. Sed ante omne mutatum esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1774 praecedit mutari, ergo alicubi existens movebatur. Sed non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1775 movebatur dum erat in termino a quo. Movebatur ergo dum erat in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1776 medio. Et ita oportet quod pertranseat medium.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1777 <p title="I q. 53 a. 2 co."><a name="30662"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1778 "ref">[30662] Iª q. 53 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1779 quod, sicut supra dictum est, motus localis Angeli potest esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1780 continuus, et non continuus. Si ergo sit continuus, non potest
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1781 Angelus moveri de uno extremo in alterum, quin transeat per medium,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1782 quia, ut dicitur in V Physic., medium est in quod prius venit quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1783 continue mutatur, quam in quod mutatur ultimum; ordo enim prioris
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1784 et posterioris in motu continuo, est secundum ordinem prioris et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1785 posterioris in magnitudine, ut dicitur in IV Physic. Si autem motus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1786 Angeli non sit continuus, possibile est quod pertranseat de aliquo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1787 extremo in aliud, non pertransito medio. Quod sic patet. Inter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1788 quaelibet enim duo extrema loca sunt infinita loca media; sive
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1789 accipiantur loca divisibilia, sive indivisibilia. Et de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1790 indivisibilibus quidem manifestum est, quia inter quaelibet duo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1791 puncta sunt infinita puncta media, cum nulla duo puncta
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1792 consequantur se invicem sine medio, ut in VI Physic. probatur. De
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1793 locis autem divisibilibus necesse est etiam hoc dicere. Et hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1794 demonstratur ex motu continuo alicuius corporis. Corpus enim non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1795 movetur de loco ad locum nisi in tempore. In toto autem tempore
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1796 mensurante motum corporis, non est accipere duo nunc, in quibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1797 corpus quod movetur non sit in alio et alio loco, quia si in uno et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1798 eodem loco esset in duobus nunc, sequeretur quod ibi quiesceret;
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1799 cum nihil aliud sit quiescere quam in loco eodem esse nunc et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1800 prius. Cum igitur inter primum nunc et ultimum temporis mensurantis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1801 motum, sint infinita nunc, oportet quod inter primum locum, a quo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1802 incipit moveri, et ultimum locum, ad quem terminatur motus, sint
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1803 infinita loca. Et hoc sic etiam sensibiliter apparet. Sit enim unum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1804 corpus unius palmi, et sit via per quam transit, duorum palmorum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1805 manifestum est quod locus primus, a quo incipit motus, est unius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1806 palmi; et locus, ad quem terminatur motus, est alterius palmi.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1807 Manifestum est autem quod, quando incipit moveri, paulatim deserit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1808 primum palmum, et subintrat secundum. Secundum ergo quod dividitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1809 magnitudo palmi, secundum hoc multiplicantur loca media, quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1810 quodlibet punctum signatum in magnitudine primi palmi, est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1811 principium unius loci; et punctum signatum in magnitudine alterius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1812 palmi, est terminus eiusdem. Unde cum magnitudo sit divisibilis in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1813 infinitum, et puncta sint etiam infinita in potentia in qualibet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1814 magnitudine; sequitur quod inter quaelibet duo loca sint infinita
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1815 loca media. Mobile autem infinitatem mediorum locorum non consumit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1816 nisi per continuitatem motus, quia sicut loca media sunt infinita
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1817 in potentia, ita et in motu continuo est accipere infinita quaedam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1818 in potentia. Si ergo motus non sit continuus, omnes partes motus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1819 erunt numeratae in actu. Si ergo mobile quodcumque moveatur motu
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1820 non continuo, sequitur quod vel non transeat omnia media, vel quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1821 actu numeret media infinita, quod est impossibile. Sic igitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1822 secundum quod motus Angeli non est continuus, non pertransit omnia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1823 media. Hoc autem, scilicet moveri de extremo in extremum et non per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1824 medium, potest convenire Angelo sed non corpori. Quia corpus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1825 mensuratur et continetur sub loco, unde oportet quod sequatur leges
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1826 loci in suo motu. Sed substantia Angeli non est subdita loco ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1827 contenta, sed est superior eo ut continens, unde in potestate eius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1828 est applicare se loco prout vult, vel per medium vel sine
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1829 medio.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1830 <p title="I q. 53 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="30663"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1831 "ref">[30663] Iª q. 53 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1832 dicendum quod locus Angeli non accipitur ei aequalis secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1833 magnitudinem, sed secundum contactum virtutis, et sic locus Angeli
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1834 potest esse divisibilis, et non semper punctalis. Sed tamen loca
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1835 media etiam divisibilia, sunt infinita, ut dictum est, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1836 consumuntur per continuitatem motus, ut patet ex praedictis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1837 <p title="I q. 53 a. 2 ad 2"><a name="30664"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1838 "ref">[30664] Iª q. 53 a. 2 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1839 dicendum quod Angelus dum movetur localiter, applicatur eius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1840 essentia diversis locis, animae autem essentia non applicatur rebus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1841 quas cogitat, sed potius res cogitatae sunt in ipsa. Et ideo non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1842 est simile.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1843 <p title="I q. 53 a. 2 ad 3"><a name="30665"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1844 "ref">[30665] Iª q. 53 a. 2 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1845 dicendum quod in motu continuo mutatum esse non est pars moveri,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1846 sed terminus unde oportet quod moveri sit ante mutatum esse. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1847 ideo oportet quod talis motus sit per medium. Sed in motu non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1848 continuo mutatum esse est pars, sicut unitas est pars numeri, unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1849 successio diversorum locorum, etiam sine medio, constituit talem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1850 motum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1851 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1852 <div class="E">Articulus 3</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1853 <p title="I q. 53 a. 3 arg. 1"><a name="30666"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1854 "ref">[30666] Iª q. 53 a. 3 arg. 1</span></a> Ad tertium sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1855 proceditur. Videtur quod motus Angeli sit in instanti. Quanto enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1856 virtus motoris fuerit fortior, et mobile minus resistens motori,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1857 tanto motus est velocior. Sed virtus Angeli moventis seipsum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1858 improportionabiliter excedit virtutem moventem aliquod corpus.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1859 Proportio autem velocitatum est secundum minorationem temporis.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1860 Omne autem tempus omni tempori proportionabile est. Si igitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1861 aliquod corpus movetur in tempore, Angelus movetur in instanti.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1862 <p title="I q. 53 a. 3 arg. 2"><a name="30667"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1863 "ref">[30667] Iª q. 53 a. 3 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea, motus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1864 Angeli simplicior est quam aliqua mutatio corporalis. Sed aliqua
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1865 mutatio corporalis est in instanti, ut illuminatio, tum quia non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1866 illuminatur aliquid successive, sicut calefit successive; tum quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1867 radius non prius pertingit ad propinquum quam ad remotum. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1868 multo magis motus Angeli est in instanti.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1869 <p title="I q. 53 a. 3 arg. 3"><a name="30668"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1870 "ref">[30668] Iª q. 53 a. 3 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea, si
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1871 Angelus movetur in tempore de loco ad locum, manifestum est quod in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1872 ultimo instanti illius temporis est in termino ad quem, in toto
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1873 autem tempore praecedenti, aut est in loco immediate praecedenti,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1874 qui accipitur ut terminus a quo; aut partim in uno et partim in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1875 alio. Si autem partim in uno et partim in alio, sequitur quod sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1876 partibilis, quod est impossibile. Ergo in toto tempore praecedenti
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1877 est in termino a quo. Ergo quiescit ibi, cum quiescere sit in eodem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1878 esse nunc et prius, ut dictum est. Et sic sequitur quod non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1879 moveatur nisi in ultimo instanti temporis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1880 <p title="I q. 53 a. 3 s. c."><a name="30669"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1881 "ref">[30669] Iª q. 53 a. 3 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra, in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1882 omni mutatione est prius et posterius. Sed prius et posterius motus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1883 numeratur secundum tempus. Ergo omnis motus est in tempore, etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1884 motus Angeli; cum in eo sit prius et posterius.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1885 <p title="I q. 53 a. 3 co."><a name="30670"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1886 "ref">[30670] Iª q. 53 a. 3 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1887 quod quidam dixerunt motum localem Angeli esse in instanti.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1888 Dicebant enim quod, cum Angelus movetur de uno loco ad alium, in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1889 toto tempore praecedenti Angelus est in termino a quo in ultimo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1890 autem instanti illius temporis est in termino ad quem. Nec oportet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1891 esse aliquod medium inter duos terminos; sicut non est aliquod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1892 medium inter tempus et terminum temporis. Inter duo autem nunc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1893 temporis, est tempus medium, unde dicunt quod non est dare ultimum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1894 nunc in quo fuit in termino a quo. Sicut in illuminatione, et in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1895 generatione substantiali ignis, non est dare ultimum instans in quo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1896 aer fuit tenebrosus, vel in quo materia fuit sub privatione formae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1897 ignis, sed est dare ultimum tempus, ita quod in ultimo illius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1898 temporis est vel lumen in aere, vel forma ignis in materia. Et sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1899 illuminatio et generatio substantialis dicuntur motus instantanei.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1900 Sed hoc non habet locum in proposito. Quod sic ostenditur. De
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1901 ratione enim quietis est quod quiescens non aliter se habeat nunc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1902 et prius, et ideo in quolibet nunc temporis mensurantis quietem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1903 quiescens est in eodem et in primo, et in medio, et in ultimo. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1904 de ratione motus est quod id quod movetur, aliter se habeat nunc et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1905 prius, et ideo in quolibet nunc temporis mensurantis motum, mobile
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1906 se habet in alia et alia dispositione, unde oportet quod in ultimo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1907 nunc habeat formam quam prius non habebat. Et sic patet quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1908 quiescere in toto tempore in aliquo, puta in albedine, est esse in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1909 illo in quolibet instanti illius temporis, unde non est possibile
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1910 ut aliquid in toto tempore praecedenti quiescat in uno termino et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1911 postea in ultimo instanti illius temporis sit in alio termino. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1912 hoc est possibile in motu, quia moveri in toto aliquo tempore, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1913 est esse in eadem dispositione in quolibet instanti illius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1914 temporis. Igitur omnes huiusmodi mutationes instantaneae sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1915 termini motus continui, sicut generatio est terminus alterationis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1916 materiae, et illuminatio terminus motus localis corporis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1917 illuminantis. Motus autem localis Angeli non est terminus alicuius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1918 alterius motus continui, sed est per seipsum, a nullo alio motu
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1919 dependens. Unde impossibile est dicere quod in toto tempore sit in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1920 aliquo loco, et in ultimo nunc sit in alio loco. Sed oportet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1921 assignare nunc in quo ultimo fuit in loco praecedenti. Ubi autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1922 sunt multa nunc sibi succedentia, ibi de necessitate est tempus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1923 cum tempus nihil aliud sit quam numeratio prioris et posterioris in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1924 motu. Unde relinquitur quod motus Angeli sit in tempore. In
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1925 continuo quidem tempore, si sit motus eius continuus; in non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1926 continuo autem, si motus sit non continuus (utroque enim modo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1927 contingit esse motum Angeli, ut dictum est), continuitas enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1928 temporis est ex continuitate motus, ut dicitur in IV Physic. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1929 istud tempus, sive sit tempus continuum sive non, non est idem cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1930 tempore quod mensurat motum caeli, et quo mensurantur omnia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1931 corporalia, quae habent mutabilitatem ex motu caeli. Motus enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1932 Angeli non dependet ex motu caeli.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1933 <p title="I q. 53 a. 3 ad 1"><a name="30671"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1934 "ref">[30671] Iª q. 53 a. 3 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1935 dicendum quod, si tempus motus Angeli non sit continuum, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1936 successio quaedam ipsorum nunc, non habebit proportionem ad tempus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1937 quod mensurat motum corporalium, quod est continuum, cum non sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1938 eiusdem rationis. Si vero sit continuum, est quidem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1939 proportionabile, non quidem propter proportionem moventis et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1940 mobilis sed propter proportionem magnitudinum in quibus est motus.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1941 Et praeterea, velocitas motus Angeli non est secundum quantitatem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1942 suae virtutis; sed secundum determinationem suae voluntatis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1943 <p title="I q. 53 a. 3 ad 2"><a name="30672"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1944 "ref">[30672] Iª q. 53 a. 3 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1945 dicendum quod illuminatio est terminus motus; et est alteratio, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1946 motus localis ut intelligatur lumen moveri prius ad propinquum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1947 quam ad remotum. Motus autem Angeli est localis, et non est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1948 terminus motus. Unde non est simile.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1949 <p title="I q. 53 a. 3 ad 3"><a name="30673"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1950 "ref">[30673] Iª q. 53 a. 3 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1951 dicendum quod obiectio illa procedit de tempore continuo. Tempus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1952 autem motus Angeli potest esse non continuum. Et sic Angelus in uno
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1953 instanti potest esse in uno loco, et in alio instanti in alio loco,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1954 nullo tempore intermedio existente. Si autem tempus motus Angeli
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1955 sit continuum, Angelus in toto tempore praecedenti ultimum nunc,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1956 variatur per infinita loca, ut prius expositum est. Est tamen
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1957 partim in uno locorum continuorum et partim in alio, non quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1958 substantia illius sit partibilis; sed quia virtus sua applicatur ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1959 partem primi loci et ad partem secundi, ut etiam supra dictum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1960 est.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1961 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1962 <div class="D">Quaestio 54</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1963 <div class="G">Prooemium</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1964 <p title="I q. 54 pr."><a name="30674"><span class="ref">[30674]
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1965 Iª q. 54 pr.</span></a> Consideratis his quae ad substantiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1966 Angeli pertinent, procedendum est ad cognitionem ipsius. Haec autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1967 consideratio erit quadripartita, nam primo considerandum est de his
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1968 quae pertinent ad virtutem cognoscitivam Angeli; secundo, de his
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1969 quae pertinent ad medium cognoscendi ipsius; tertio, de his quae ab
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1970 eo cognoscuntur; quarto, de modo cognitionis ipsorum. Circa primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1971 quaeruntur quinque. Primo, utrum intelligere Angeli sit sua
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1972 substantia. Secundo, utrum eius esse sit suum intelligere. Tertio,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1973 utrum eius substantia sit sua virtus intellectiva. Quarto, utrum in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1974 Angelis sit intellectus agens et possibilis. Quinto, utrum in eis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1975 sit aliqua alia potentia cognoscitiva quam intellectus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1976 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1977 <div class="E">Articulus 1</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1978 <p title="I q. 54 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="30675"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1979 "ref">[30675] Iª q. 54 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad primum sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1980 proceditur. Videtur quod intelligere Angeli sit eius substantia.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1981 Angelus enim est sublimior et simplicior quam intellectus agens
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1982 animae. Sed substantia intellectus agentis est sua actio; ut patet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1983 in III de anima per Aristotelem, et eius Commentatorem. Ergo, multo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1984 fortius, substantia Angeli est sua actio, quae est intelligere.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1985 <p title="I q. 54 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="30676"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1986 "ref">[30676] Iª q. 54 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1987 philosophus dicit, in XII Metaphys., quod actio intellectus est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1988 vita. Sed cum vivere sit esse viventibus, ut dicitur in II de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1989 anima, videtur quod vita sit essentia. Ergo actio intellectus est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1990 essentia intelligentis Angeli.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1991 <p title="I q. 54 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="30677"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1992 "ref">[30677] Iª q. 54 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea, si
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1993 extrema sunt unum, medium non differt ab eis, quia extremum magis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1994 distat ab extremo, quam medium. Sed in Angelo idem est intellectus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1995 et intellectum, ad minus inquantum intelligit essentiam suam. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1996 intelligere, quod cadit medium inter intellectum et rem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1997 intellectam, est idem cum substantia Angeli intelligentis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1998 <p title="I q. 54 a. 1 s. c."><a name="30678"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1999 "ref">[30678] Iª q. 54 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra, plus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2000 differt actio rei a substantia eius, quam ipsum esse eius. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2001 nullius creati suum esse est sua substantia, hoc enim solius Dei
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2002 proprium est, ut ex superioribus patet. Ergo neque Angeli, neque
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2003 alterius creaturae, sua actio est eius substantia.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2004 <p title="I q. 54 a. 1 co."><a name="30679"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2005 "ref">[30679] Iª q. 54 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2006 quod impossibile est quod actio Angeli, vel cuiuscumque alterius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2007 creaturae, sit eius substantia. Actio enim est proprie actualitas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2008 virtutis; sicut esse est actualitas substantiae vel essentiae.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2009 Impossibile est autem quod aliquid quod non est purus actus, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2010 aliquid habet de potentia admixtum, sit sua actualitas, quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2011 actualitas potentialitati repugnat. Solus autem Deus est actus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2012 purus. Unde in solo Deo sua substantia est suum esse et suum agere.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2013 Praeterea, si intelligere Angeli esset sua substantia, oporteret
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2014 quod intelligere Angeli esset subsistens. Intelligere autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2015 subsistens non potest esse nisi unum; sicut nec aliquod abstractum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2016 subsistens. Unde unius Angeli substantia non distingueretur neque a
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2017 substantia Dei, quae est ipsum intelligere subsistens; neque a
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2018 substantia alterius Angeli. Si etiam Angelus ipse esset suum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2019 intelligere, non possent esse gradus in intelligendo perfectius et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2020 minus perfecte, cum hoc contingat propter diversam participationem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2021 ipsius intelligere.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2022 <p title="I q. 54 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="30680"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2023 "ref">[30680] Iª q. 54 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2024 dicendum quod, cum dicitur quod intellectus agens est sua actio,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2025 est praedicatio non per essentiam, sed per concomitantiam, quia cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2026 sit in actu eius substantia, statim quantum est in se, concomitatur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2027 ipsam actio. Quod non est de intellectu possibili, qui non habet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2028 actiones nisi postquam fuerit factus in actu.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2029 <p title="I q. 54 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="30681"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2030 "ref">[30681] Iª q. 54 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2031 dicendum quod vita non hoc modo se habet ad vivere, sicut essentia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2032 ad esse; sed sicut cursus ad currere, quorum unum significat actum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2033 in abstracto, aliud in concreto. Unde non sequitur si vivere sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2034 esse, quod vita sit essentia. Quamvis etiam quandoque vita pro
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2035 essentia ponatur; secundum quod Augustinus dicit, in libro de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2036 Trin., quod <i>memoria et intelligentia et voluntas sunt una
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2037 essentia, una vita</i>. Sed sic non accipitur a philosopho cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2038 dicit quod <i>actio intellectus est vita</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2039 <p title="I q. 54 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="30682"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2040 "ref">[30682] Iª q. 54 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2041 dicendum quod actio quae transit in aliquid extrinsecum, est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2042 realiter media inter agens et subiectum recipiens actionem. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2043 actio quae manet in agente, non est realiter medium inter agens et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2044 obiectum, sed secundum modum significandi tantum, realiter vero
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2045 consequitur unionem obiecti cum agente. Ex hoc enim quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2046 intellectum fit unum cum intelligente, consequitur intelligere,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2047 quasi quidam effectus differens ab utroque.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2048 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2049 <div class="E">Articulus 2</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2050 <p title="I q. 54 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="30683"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2051 "ref">[30683] Iª q. 54 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad secundum sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2052 proceditur. Videtur quod intelligere Angeli sit eius esse. Vivere
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2053 enim viventibus est esse, ut dicitur in II de anima. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2054 intelligere est quoddam vivere, ut in eodem dicitur. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2055 intelligere Angeli est eius esse.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2056 <p title="I q. 54 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="30684"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2057 "ref">[30684] Iª q. 54 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea, sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2058 se habet causa ad causam, ita effectus ad effectum. Sed forma per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2059 quam Angelus est, est eadem cum forma per quam intelligit ad minus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2060 seipsum. Ergo eius intelligere est idem cum suo esse.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2061 <p title="I q. 54 a. 2 s. c."><a name="30685"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2062 "ref">[30685] Iª q. 54 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2063 intelligere Angeli est motus eius; ut patet per Dionysium, IV cap.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2064 de Div. Nom. Sed esse non est motus. Ergo esse Angeli non est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2065 intelligere eius.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2066 <p title="I q. 54 a. 2 co."><a name="30686"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2067 "ref">[30686] Iª q. 54 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2068 quod actio Angeli non est eius esse, neque actio alicuius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2069 creaturae. Duplex enim est actionis genus, ut dicitur IX Metaphys.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2070 Una scilicet actio est quae transit in aliquid exterius, inferens
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2071 ei passionem, sicut urere et secare. Alia vero actio est quae non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2072 transit in rem exteriorem, sed manet in ipso agente, sicut sentire,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2073 intelligere et velle, per huiusmodi enim actionem non immutatur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2074 aliquid extrinsecum, sed totum in ipso agente agitur. De prima ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2075 actione manifestum est quod non potest esse ipsum esse agentis, nam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2076 esse agentis significatur intra ipsum, actio autem talis est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2077 effluxus in actum ab agente. Secunda autem actio de sui ratione
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2078 habet infinitatem, vel simpliciter, vel secundum quid. Simpliciter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2079 quidem, sicut intelligere, cuius obiectum est verum, et velle,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2080 cuius obiectum est bonum, quorum utrumque convertitur cum ente; et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2081 ita intelligere et velle, quantum est de se, habent se ad omnia; et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2082 utrumque recipit speciem ab obiecto. Secundum quid autem infinitum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2083 est sentire, quod se habet ad omnia sensibilia, sicut visus ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2084 omnia visibilia. Esse autem cuiuslibet creaturae est determinatum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2085 ad unum secundum genus et speciem, esse autem solius Dei est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2086 simpliciter infinitum, in se omnia comprehendens, ut dicit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2087 Dionysius, V cap. de Div. Nom. Unde solum esse divinum est suum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2088 intelligere et suum velle.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2089 <p title="I q. 54 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="30687"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2090 "ref">[30687] Iª q. 54 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2091 dicendum quod vivere quandoque sumitur pro ipso esse viventis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2092 quandoque vero pro operatione vitae, idest per quam demonstratur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2093 aliquid esse vivens. Et hoc modo philosophus dicit quod intelligere
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2094 est vivere quoddam, ibi enim distinguit diversos gradus viventium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2095 secundum diversa opera vitae.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2096 <p title="I q. 54 a. 2 ad 2"><a name="30688"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2097 "ref">[30688] Iª q. 54 a. 2 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2098 dicendum quod ipsa essentia Angeli est ratio totius sui esse, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2099 autem est ratio totius sui intelligere, quia non omnia intelligere
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2100 potest per suam essentiam. Et ideo secundum propriam rationem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2101 inquantum est talis essentia, comparatur ad ipsum esse Angeli. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2102 ad eius intelligere comparatur secundum rationem universalioris
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2103 obiecti, scilicet veri vel entis. Et sic patet quod, licet sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2104 eadem forma, non tamen secundum eandem rationem est principium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2105 essendi et intelligendi. Et propter hoc non sequitur quod in Angelo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2106 sit idem esse et intelligere.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2107 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2108 <div class="E">Articulus 3</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2109 <p title="I q. 54 a. 3 arg. 1"><a name="30689"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2110 "ref">[30689] Iª q. 54 a. 3 arg. 1</span></a> Ad tertium sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2111 proceditur. Videtur quod virtus vel potentia intellectiva in Angelo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2112 non sit aliud quam sua essentia. Mens enim et intellectus nominant
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2113 potentiam intellectivam. Sed Dionysius in pluribus locis suorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2114 librorum, nominat ipsos Angelos intellectus et mentes. Ergo Angelus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2115 est sua potentia intellectiva.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2116 <p title="I q. 54 a. 3 arg. 2"><a name="30690"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2117 "ref">[30690] Iª q. 54 a. 3 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea, si
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2118 potentia intellectiva in Angelo est aliquid praeter eius essentiam,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2119 oportet quod sit accidens, hoc enim dicimus esse accidens alicuius,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2120 quod est praeter eius essentiam. <i>Sed forma simplex subiectum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2121 esse non potest</i>, ut Boetius dicit, in libro de Trin. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2122 Angelus non esset forma simplex, quod est contra praemissa.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2123 <p title="I q. 54 a. 3 arg. 3"><a name="30691"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2124 "ref">[30691] Iª q. 54 a. 3 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2125 Augustinus dicit, XII Confess., quod Deus fecit angelicam naturam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2126 prope se, materiam autem primam prope nihil, ex quo videtur quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2127 Angelus sit simplicior quam materia prima, utpote Deo propinquior.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2128 Sed materia prima est sua potentia. Ergo multo magis Angelus est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2129 sua potentia intellectiva.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2130 <p title="I q. 54 a. 3 s. c."><a name="30692"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2131 "ref">[30692] Iª q. 54 a. 3 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2132 quod Dionysius dicit, XI cap. Angel. Hier., quod <i>Angeli
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2133 dividuntur in substantiam, virtutem et operationem</i>. Ergo aliud
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2134 est in eis substantia, et aliud virtus, et aliud operatio.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2135 <p title="I q. 54 a. 3 co."><a name="30693"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2136 "ref">[30693] Iª q. 54 a. 3 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2137 quod nec in Angelo nec in aliqua creatura, virtus vel potentia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2138 operativa est idem quod sua essentia. Quod sic patet. Cum enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2139 potentia dicatur ad actum, oportet quod secundum diversitatem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2140 actuum sit diversitas potentiarum, propter quod dicitur quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2141 proprius actus respondet propriae potentiae. In omni autem creato
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2142 essentia differt a suo esse, et comparatur ad ipsum sicut potentia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2143 ad actum, ut ex supra dictis patet. Actus autem ad quem comparatur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2144 potentia operativa, est operatio. In Angelo autem non est idem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2145 intelligere et esse, nec aliqua alia operatio aut in ipso aut in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2146 quocumque alio creato, est idem quod eius esse. Unde essentia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2147 Angeli non est eius potentia intellectiva, nec alicuius creati
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2148 essentia est eius operativa potentia.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2149 <p title="I q. 54 a. 3 ad 1"><a name="30694"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2150 "ref">[30694] Iª q. 54 a. 3 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2151 dicendum quod Angelus dicitur intellectus et mens, quia tota eius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2152 cognitio est intellectualis. Cognitio autem animae partim est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2153 intellectualis, et partim sensitiva.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2154 <p title="I q. 54 a. 3 ad 2"><a name="30695"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2155 "ref">[30695] Iª q. 54 a. 3 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2156 dicendum quod forma simplex quae est actus purus, nullius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2157 accidentis potest esse subiectum, quia subiectum comparatur ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2158 accidens ut potentia ad actum. Et huiusmodi est solus Deus. Et de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2159 tali forma loquitur ibi Boetius. Forma autem simplex quae non est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2160 suum esse, sed comparatur ad ipsum ut potentia ad actum, potest
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2161 esse subiectum accidentis, et praecipue eius quod consequitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2162 speciem, huiusmodi enim accidens pertinet ad formam (accidens vero
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2163 quod est individui, non consequens totam speciem, consequitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2164 materiam, quae est individuationis principium). Et talis forma
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2165 simplex est Angelus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2166 <p title="I q. 54 a. 3 ad 3"><a name="30696"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2167 "ref">[30696] Iª q. 54 a. 3 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2168 dicendum quod potentia materiae est ad ipsum esse substantiale, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2169 non potentia operativa, sed ad esse accidentale. Unde non est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2170 simile.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2171 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2172 <div class="E">Articulus 4</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2173 <p title="I q. 54 a. 4 arg. 1"><a name="30697"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2174 "ref">[30697] Iª q. 54 a. 4 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quartum sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2175 proceditur. Videtur quod in Angelo sit intellectus agens et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2176 possibilis. Dicit enim philosophus, in III de anima, quod <i>sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2177 in omni natura est aliquid quo est omnia fieri, et aliquid quo est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2178 omnia facere, ita etiam in anima</i>. Sed Angelus est natura
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2179 quaedam. Ergo in eo est intellectus agens et possibilis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2180 <p title="I q. 54 a. 4 arg. 2"><a name="30698"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2181 "ref">[30698] Iª q. 54 a. 4 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2182 recipere est proprium intellectus possibilis, illuminare autem est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2183 proprium intellectus agentis, ut patet in III de anima. Sed Angelus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2184 recipit illuminationem a superiori, et illuminat inferiorem. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2185 in eo est intellectus agens et possibilis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2186 <p title="I q. 54 a. 4 s. c."><a name="30699"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2187 "ref">[30699] Iª q. 54 a. 4 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2188 quod in nobis intellectus agens et possibilis est per comparationem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2189 ad phantasmata; quae quidem comparantur ad intellectum possibilem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2190 ut colores ad visum, ad intellectum autem agentem ut colores ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2191 lumen, ut patet ex III de anima. Sed hoc non est in Angelo. Ergo in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2192 Angelo non est intellectus agens et possibilis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2193 <p title="I q. 54 a. 4 co."><a name="30700"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2194 "ref">[30700] Iª q. 54 a. 4 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2195 quod necessitas ponendi intellectum possibilem in nobis, fuit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2196 propter hoc, quod nos invenimur quandoque intelligentes in potentia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2197 et non in actu, unde oportet esse quandam virtutem, quae sit in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2198 potentia ad intelligibilia ante ipsum intelligere, sed reducitur in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2199 actum eorum cum fit sciens, et ulterius cum fit considerans. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2200 haec virtus vocatur intellectus possibilis. Necessitas autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2201 ponendi intellectum agentem fuit, quia naturae rerum materialium,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2202 quas nos intelligimus, non subsistunt extra animam immateriales et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2203 intelligibiles in actu, sed sunt solum intelligibiles in potentia,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2204 extra animam existentes, et ideo oportuit esse aliquam virtutem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2205 quae faceret illas naturas intelligibiles actu. Et haec virtus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2206 dicitur intellectus agens in nobis. Utraque autem necessitas deest
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2207 in Angelis. Quia neque sunt quandoque intelligentes in potentia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2208 tantum, respectu eorum quae naturaliter intelligunt, neque
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2209 intelligibilia eorum sunt intelligibilia in potentia, sed in actu;
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2210 intelligunt enim primo et principaliter res immateriales, ut infra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2211 patebit. Et ideo non potest in eis esse intellectus agens et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2212 possibilis, nisi aequivoce.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2213 <p title="I q. 54 a. 4 ad 1"><a name="30701"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2214 "ref">[30701] Iª q. 54 a. 4 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2215 dicendum quod philosophus intelligit ista duo esse in omni natura
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2216 in qua contingit esse generari vel fieri, ut ipsa verba
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2217 demonstrant. In Angelo autem non generatur scientia, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2218 naturaliter adest. Unde non oportet ponere in eis agens et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2219 possibile.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2220 <p title="I q. 54 a. 4 ad 2"><a name="30702"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2221 "ref">[30702] Iª q. 54 a. 4 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2222 dicendum quod intellectus agentis est illuminare non quidem alium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2223 intelligentem, sed intelligibilia in potentia, inquantum per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2224 abstractionem facit ea intelligibilia actu. Ad intellectum autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2225 possibilem pertinet esse in potentia respectu naturalium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2226 cognoscibilium, et quandoque fieri actu. Unde quod Angelus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2227 illuminat Angelum, non pertinet ad rationem intellectus agentis.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2228 Neque ad rationem intellectus possibilis pertinet, quod illuminatur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2229 de supernaturalibus mysteriis, ad quae cognoscenda quandoque est in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2230 potentia. Si quis autem velit haec vocare intellectum agentem et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2231 possibilem, aequivoce dicet, nec de nominibus est curandum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2232 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2233 <div class="E">Articulus 5</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2234 <p title="I q. 54 a. 5 arg. 1"><a name="30703"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2235 "ref">[30703] Iª q. 54 a. 5 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quintum sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2236 proceditur. Videtur quod in Angelis non sit sola intellectiva
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2237 cognitio. Dicit enim Augustinus, VIII de Civ. Dei, quod in Angelis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2238 est vita quae intelligit et sentit. Ergo in eis est potentia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2239 sensitiva.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2240 <p title="I q. 54 a. 5 arg. 2"><a name="30704"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2241 "ref">[30704] Iª q. 54 a. 5 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2242 Isidorus dicit quod Angeli multa noverunt per experientiam.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2243 Experientia autem fit ex multis memoriis, ut dicitur in I Metaphys.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2244 Ergo in eis est etiam memorativa potentia.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2245 <p title="I q. 54 a. 5 arg. 3"><a name="30705"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2246 "ref">[30705] Iª q. 54 a. 5 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2247 Dionysius dicit, IV cap. de Div. Nom., quod in Daemonibus est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2248 phantasia proterva. Phantasia autem ad vim imaginativam pertinet.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2249 Ergo in Daemonibus est vis imaginativa. Et eadem ratione in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2250 Angelis, quia sunt eiusdem naturae.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2251 <p title="I q. 54 a. 5 s. c."><a name="30706"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2252 "ref">[30706] Iª q. 54 a. 5 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2253 quod Gregorius dicit, in homilia de ascensione, quod <i>homo sentit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2254 cum pecoribus, et intelligit cum Angelis</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2255 <p title="I q. 54 a. 5 co."><a name="30707"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2256 "ref">[30707] Iª q. 54 a. 5 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2257 quod in anima nostra sunt quaedam vires, quarum operationes per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2258 organa corporea exercentur, et huiusmodi vires sunt actus quarundam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2259 partium corporis, sicut est visus in oculo, et auditus in aure.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2260 Quaedam vero vires animae nostrae sunt, quarum operationes per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2261 organa corporea non exercentur, ut intellectus et voluntas, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2262 huiusmodi non sunt actus aliquarum partium corporis. Angeli autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2263 non habent corpora sibi naturaliter unita, ut ex supra dictis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2264 patet. Unde de viribus animae non possunt eis competere nisi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2265 intellectus et voluntas. Et hoc etiam Commentator dicit, XII
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2266 Metaphys., quod substantiae separatae dividuntur in intellectum et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2267 voluntatem. Et hoc convenit ordini universi, ut suprema creatura
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2268 intellectualis sit totaliter intellectiva; et non secundum partem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2269 ut anima nostra. Et propter hoc etiam Angeli vocantur intellectus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2270 et mentes, ut supra dictum est.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2271 <p title="I q. 54 a. 5 ad 1"><a name="30708"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2272 "ref">[30708] Iª q. 54 a. 5 ad 1</span></a> Ad ea vero quae in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2273 contrarium obiiciuntur, potest dupliciter responderi. Uno modo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2274 quod auctoritates illae loquuntur secundum opinionem illorum qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2275 posuerunt Angelos et Daemones habere corpora naturaliter sibi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2276 unita. Qua opinione frequenter Augustinus in libris suis utitur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2277 licet eam asserere non intendat, unde dicit, XXI de Civ. Dei, quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2278 <i>super hac inquisitione non est multum laborandum</i>. Alio modo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2279 potest dici, quod auctoritates illae, et consimiles, sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2280 intelligendae per quandam similitudinem. Quia cum sensus certam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2281 apprehensionem habeat de proprio sensibili, est in usu loquentium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2282 ut etiam secundum certam apprehensionem intellectus aliquid sentire
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2283 dicamur. Unde etiam sententia nominatur. Experientia vero Angelis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2284 attribui potest per similitudinem cognitorum, etsi non per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2285 similitudinem virtutis cognoscitivae. Est enim in nobis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2286 experientia, dum singularia per sensum cognoscimus, Angeli autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2287 singularia cognoscunt, ut infra patebit, sed non per sensum. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2288 tamen memoria in Angelis potest poni, secundum quod ab Augustino
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2289 ponitur in mente; licet non possit eis competere secundum quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2290 ponitur pars animae sensitivae. Similiter dicendum quod phantasia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2291 proterva attribuitur Daemonibus, ex eo quod habent falsam practicam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2292 existimationem de vero bono, deceptio autem in nobis proprie fit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2293 secundum phantasiam, per quam interdum similitudinibus rerum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2294 inhaeremus sicut rebus ipsis, ut patet in dormientibus et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2295 amentibus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2296 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2297 <div class="D">Quaestio 55</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2298 <div class="G">Prooemium</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2299 <p title="I q. 55 pr."><a name="30709"><span class="ref">[30709]
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2300 Iª q. 55 pr.</span></a> Consequenter quaeritur de medio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2301 cognitionis angelicae. Et circa hoc quaeruntur tria. Primo, utrum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2302 Angeli cognoscant omnia per suam substantiam, vel per aliquas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2303 species. Secundo, si per species, utrum per species connaturales,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2304 vel per species a rebus acceptas. Tertio, utrum Angeli superiores
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2305 cognoscant per species magis universales, quam inferiores.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2306 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2307 <div class="E">Articulus 1</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2308 <p title="I q. 55 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="30710"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2309 "ref">[30710] Iª q. 55 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad primum sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2310 proceditur. Videtur quod Angeli cognoscant omnia per suam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2311 substantiam. Dicit enim Dionysius, VII cap. de Div. Nom., quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2312 <i>Angeli sciunt ea quae sunt in terra, secundum propriam naturam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2313 mentis</i>. Sed natura Angeli est eius essentia. Ergo Angelus per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2314 suam essentiam res cognoscit.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2315 <p title="I q. 55 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="30711"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2316 "ref">[30711] Iª q. 55 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2317 secundum philosophum, in XII Metaphys., et in III de anima, <i>in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2318 his quae sunt sine materia, idem est intellectus et quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2319 intelligitur</i>. Id autem quod intelligitur est idem intelligenti
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2320 ratione eius quo intelligitur. Ergo in his quae sunt sine materia,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2321 sicut sunt Angeli, id quo intelligitur est ipsa substantia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2322 intelligentis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2323 <p title="I q. 55 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="30712"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2324 "ref">[30712] Iª q. 55 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea, omne
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2325 quod est in altero, est in eo per modum eius in quo est. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2326 Angelus habet naturam intellectualem. Ergo quidquid est in ipso,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2327 est in eo per modum intelligibilem. Sed omnia sunt in eo, quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2328 inferiora in entibus sunt in superioribus essentialiter, superiora
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2329 vero sunt in inferioribus participative; et ideo dicit Dionysius,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2330 IV cap. de Div. Nom., quod Deus tota in totis congregat, idest
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2331 omnia in omnibus. Ergo Angelus omnia in sua substantia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2332 cognoscit.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2333 <p title="I q. 55 a. 1 s. c."><a name="30713"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2334 "ref">[30713] Iª q. 55 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2335 quod Dionysius dicit, in eodem capite, quod Angeli illuminantur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2336 rationibus rerum. Ergo cognoscunt per rationes rerum, et non per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2337 propriam substantiam.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2338 <p title="I q. 55 a. 1 co."><a name="30714"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2339 "ref">[30714] Iª q. 55 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2340 quod illud quo intellectus intelligit, comparatur ad intellectum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2341 intelligentem ut forma eius, quia forma est quo agens agit. Oportet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2342 autem, ad hoc quod potentia perfecte compleatur per formam, quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2343 omnia contineantur sub forma, ad quae potentia se extendit. Et inde
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2344 est quod in rebus corruptibilibus forma non perfecte complet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2345 potentiam materiae, quia potentia materiae ad plura se extendit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2346 quam sit continentia formae huius vel illius. Potentia autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2347 intellectiva Angeli se extendit ad intelligendum omnia, quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2348 obiectum intellectus est ens vel verum commune. Ipsa autem essentia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2349 Angeli non comprehendit in se omnia, cum sit essentia determinata
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2350 ad genus et ad speciem. Hoc autem proprium est essentiae divinae,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2351 quae infinita est, ut in se simpliciter omnia comprehendat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2352 perfecte. Et ideo solus Deus cognoscit omnia per suam essentiam.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2353 Angelus autem per suam essentiam non potest omnia cognoscere; sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2354 oportet intellectum eius aliquibus speciebus perfici ad res
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2355 cognoscendas.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2356 <p title="I q. 55 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="30715"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2357 "ref">[30715] Iª q. 55 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2358 dicendum quod, cum dicitur Angelum secundum suam naturam res
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2359 cognoscere, ly secundum non determinat medium cognitionis, quod est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2360 similitudo cogniti; sed virtutem cognoscitivam, quae convenit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2361 Angelo secundum suam naturam.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2362 <p title="I q. 55 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="30716"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2363 "ref">[30716] Iª q. 55 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2364 dicendum quod, sicut sensus in actu est sensibile in actu, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2365 dicitur in III de anima, non ita quod ipsa vis sensitiva sit ipsa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2366 similitudo sensibilis quae est in sensu, sed quia ex utroque fit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2367 unum sicut ex actu et potentia; ita et intellectus in actu dicitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2368 esse intellectum in actu, non quod substantia intellectus sit ipsa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2369 similitudo per quam intelligit, sed quia illa similitudo est forma
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2370 eius. Idem est autem quod dicitur, in his quae sunt sine materia,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2371 idem est intellectus et quod intelligitur, ac si diceretur quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2372 intellectus in actu est intellectum in actu, ex hoc enim aliquid
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2373 est intellectum in actu quod est immateriale.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2374 <p title="I q. 55 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="30717"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2375 "ref">[30717] Iª q. 55 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2376 dicendum quod ea quae sunt infra Angelum, et ea quae sunt supra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2377 ipsum, sunt quodammodo in substantia eius, non quidem perfecte,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2378 neque secundum propriam rationem, cum Angeli essentia, finita
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2379 existens, secundum propriam rationem ab aliis distinguatur; sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2380 secundum quandam rationem communem. In essentia autem Dei sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2381 omnia perfecte et secundum propriam rationem, sicut in prima et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2382 universali virtute operativa, a qua procedit quidquid est in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2383 quacumque re vel proprium vel commune. Et ideo Deus per essentiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2384 suam habet propriam cognitionem de rebus omnibus, non autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2385 Angelus, sed solam communem.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2386 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2387 <div class="E">Articulus 2</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2388 <p title="I q. 55 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="30718"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2389 "ref">[30718] Iª q. 55 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad secundum sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2390 proceditur. Videtur quod Angeli intelligant per species a rebus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2391 acceptas. Omne enim quod intelligitur, per aliquam sui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2392 similitudinem in intelligente intelligitur. Similitudo autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2393 alicuius in altero existens, aut est ibi per modum exemplaris, ita
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2394 quod illa similitudo sit causa rei, aut est ibi per modum imaginis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2395 ita quod sit causata a re. Oportet igitur quod omnis scientia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2396 intelligentis vel sit causa rei intellectae, vel causata a re. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2397 scientia Angeli non est causa rerum existentium in natura, sed sola
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2398 divina scientia. Ergo oportet quod species per quas intelligit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2399 intellectus angelicus, sint a rebus acceptae.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2400 <p title="I q. 55 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="30719"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2401 "ref">[30719] Iª q. 55 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea, lumen
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2402 angelicum est fortius quam lumen intellectus agentis in anima. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2403 lumen intellectus agentis abstrahit species intelligibiles a
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2404 phantasmatibus. Ergo lumen intellectus angelici potest abstrahere
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2405 species etiam ab ipsis rebus sensibilibus. Et ita nihil prohibet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2406 dicere quod Angelus intelligat per species a rebus acceptas.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2407 <p title="I q. 55 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="30720"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2408 "ref">[30720] Iª q. 55 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2409 species quae sunt in intellectu, indifferenter se habent ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2410 praesens et distans, nisi quatenus a rebus sensibilibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2411 accipiuntur. Si ergo Angelus non intelligit per species a rebus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2412 acceptas, eius cognitio indifferenter se haberet ad propinqua et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2413 distantia, et ita frustra secundum locum moveretur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2414 <p title="I q. 55 a. 2 s. c."><a name="30721"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2415 "ref">[30721] Iª q. 55 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2416 quod Dionysius dicit, VII cap. de Div. Nom., quod <i>Angeli non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2417 congregant divinam cognitionem a rebus divisibilibus, aut a
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2418 sensibilibus</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2419 <p title="I q. 55 a. 2 co."><a name="30722"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2420 "ref">[30722] Iª q. 55 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2421 quod species per quas Angeli intelligunt, non sunt a rebus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2422 acceptae, sed eis connaturales. Sic enim oportet intelligere
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2423 distinctionem et ordinem spiritualium substantiarum, sicut est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2424 distinctio et ordo corporalium. Suprema autem corpora habent
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2425 potentiam in sui natura totaliter perfectam per formam, in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2426 corporibus autem inferioribus potentia materiae non totaliter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2427 perficitur per formam, sed accipit nunc unam, nunc aliam formam, ab
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2428 aliquo agente. Similiter et inferiores substantiae intellectivae,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2429 scilicet animae humanae, habent potentiam intellectivam non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2430 completam naturaliter; sed completur in eis successive, per hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2431 quod accipiunt species intelligibiles a rebus. Potentia vero
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2432 intellectiva in substantiis spiritualibus superioribus, idest in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2433 Angelis, naturaliter completa est per species intelligibiles,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2434 inquantum habent species intelligibiles connaturales ad omnia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2435 intelligenda quae naturaliter cognoscere possunt. Et hoc etiam ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2436 ipso modo essendi huiusmodi substantiarum apparet. Substantiae enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2437 spirituales inferiores, scilicet animae, habent esse affine
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2438 corpori, inquantum sunt corporum formae, et ideo ex ipso modo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2439 essendi competit eis ut a corporibus, et per corpora suam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2440 perfectionem intelligibilem consequantur, alioquin frustra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2441 corporibus unirentur. Substantiae vero superiores, idest Angeli,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2442 sunt a corporibus totaliter absolutae, immaterialiter et in esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2443 intelligibili subsistentes, et ideo suam perfectionem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2444 intelligibilem consequuntur per intelligibilem effluxum, quo a Deo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2445 species rerum cognitarum acceperunt simul cum intellectuali natura.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2446 Unde Augustinus dicit, II super Gen. ad Litt., quod <i>cetera, quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2447 infra Angelos sunt, ita creantur, ut prius fiant in cognitione
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2448 rationalis creaturae, ac deinde in genere suo</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2449 <p title="I q. 55 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="30723"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2450 "ref">[30723] Iª q. 55 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2451 dicendum quod in mente Angeli sunt similitudines creaturarum, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2452 quidem ab ipsis creaturis acceptae, sed a Deo, qui est creaturarum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2453 causa, et in quo primo similitudines rerum existunt. Unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2454 Augustinus dicit, in eodem libro, quod <i>sicut ratio qua creatura
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2455 conditur, prius est in verbo Dei quam ipsa creatura quae conditur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2456 sic et eiusdem rationis cognitio prius fit in creatura
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2457 intellectuali, ac deinde est ipsa conditio creaturae</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2458 <p title="I q. 55 a. 2 ad 2"><a name="30724"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2459 "ref">[30724] Iª q. 55 a. 2 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2460 dicendum quod de extremo ad extremum non pervenitur nisi per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2461 medium. Esse autem formae in imaginatione, quod est quidem sine
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2462 materia, non tamen sine materialibus conditionibus, medium est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2463 inter esse formae quae est in materia, et esse formae quae est in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2464 intellectu per abstractionem a materia et a conditionibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2465 materialibus. Unde quantumcumque sit potens intellectus angelicus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2466 non posset formas materiales reducere ad esse intelligibile, nisi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2467 prius reduceret eas ad esse formarum imaginatarum. Quod est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2468 impossibile, cum careat imaginatione, ut dictum est. Dato etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2469 quod posset abstrahere species intelligibiles a rebus materialibus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2470 non tamen abstraheret, quia non indigeret eis, cum habeat species
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2471 intelligibiles connaturales.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2472 <p title="I q. 55 a. 2 ad 3"><a name="30725"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2473 "ref">[30725] Iª q. 55 a. 2 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2474 dicendum quod cognitio Angeli indifferenter se habet ad distans et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2475 propinquum secundum locum. Non tamen propter hoc motus eius localis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2476 est frustra, non enim movetur localiter ad cognitionem accipiendam,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2477 sed ad operandum aliquid in loco.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2478 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2479 <div class="E">Articulus 3</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2480 <p title="I q. 55 a. 3 arg. 1"><a name="30726"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2481 "ref">[30726] Iª q. 55 a. 3 arg. 1</span></a> Ad tertium sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2482 proceditur. Videtur quod superiores Angeli non intelligant per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2483 species magis universales quam inferiores. Universale enim esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2484 videtur quod a particularibus abstrahitur. Sed Angeli non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2485 intelligunt per species a rebus abstractas. Ergo non potest dici
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2486 quod species intellectus angelici sint magis vel minus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2487 universales.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2488 <p title="I q. 55 a. 3 arg. 2"><a name="30727"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2489 "ref">[30727] Iª q. 55 a. 3 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea, quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2490 cognoscitur in speciali, perfectius cognoscitur quam quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2491 cognoscitur in universali, quia cognoscere aliquid in universali
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2492 est quodammodo medium inter potentiam et actum. Si ergo Angeli
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2493 superiores cognoscunt per formas magis universales quam inferiores,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2494 sequitur quod Angeli superiores habeant scientiam magis imperfectam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2495 quam inferiores. Quod est inconveniens.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2496 <p title="I q. 55 a. 3 arg. 3"><a name="30728"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2497 "ref">[30728] Iª q. 55 a. 3 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea, idem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2498 non potest esse propria ratio multorum. Sed si Angelus superior
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2499 cognoscat per unam formam universalem diversa, quae inferior
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2500 Angelus cognoscit per plures formas speciales, sequitur quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2501 Angelus superior utitur una forma universali ad cognoscendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2502 diversa. Ergo non poterit habere propriam cognitionem de utroque.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2503 Quod videtur inconveniens.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2504 <p title="I q. 55 a. 3 s. c."><a name="30729"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2505 "ref">[30729] Iª q. 55 a. 3 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2506 quod dicit Dionysius, XII cap. Angel. Hier., quod superiores Angeli
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2507 participant scientiam magis in universali quam inferiores. Et in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2508 libro de causis dicitur quod Angeli superiores habent formas magis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2509 universales.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2510 <p title="I q. 55 a. 3 co."><a name="30730"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2511 "ref">[30730] Iª q. 55 a. 3 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2512 quod ex hoc sunt in rebus aliqua superiora, quod sunt uni primo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2513 quod est Deus, propinquiora et similiora. In Deo autem tota
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2514 plenitudo intellectualis cognitionis continetur in uno, scilicet in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2515 essentia divina, per quam Deus omnia cognoscit. Quae quidem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2516 intelligibilis plenitudo in intellectibus creatis inferiori modo et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2517 minus simpliciter invenitur. Unde oportet quod ea quae Deus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2518 cognoscit per unum, inferiores intellectus cognoscant per multa, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2519 tanto amplius per plura, quanto amplius intellectus inferior
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2520 fuerit. Sic igitur quanto Angelus fuerit superior, tanto per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2521 pauciores species universitatem intelligibilium apprehendere
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2522 poterit. Et ideo oportet quod eius formae sint universaliores,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2523 quasi ad plura se extendentes unaquaeque earum. Et de hoc exemplum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2524 aliqualiter in nobis perspici potest. Sunt enim quidam, qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2525 veritatem intelligibilem capere non possunt, nisi eis particulatim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2526 per singula explicetur, et hoc quidem ex debilitate intellectus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2527 eorum contingit. Alii vero, qui sunt fortioris intellectus, ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2528 paucis multa capere possunt.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2529 <p title="I q. 55 a. 3 ad 1"><a name="30731"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2530 "ref">[30731] Iª q. 55 a. 3 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2531 dicendum quod accidit universali ut a singularibus abstrahatur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2532 inquantum intellectus illud cognoscens a rebus cognitionem accipit.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2533 Si vero sit aliquis intellectus a rebus cognitionem non accipiens,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2534 universale ab eo cognitum non erit abstractum a rebus, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2535 quodammodo ante res praeexistens, vel secundum ordinem causae,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2536 sicut universales rerum rationes sunt in verbo Dei; vel saltem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2537 ordine naturae, sicut universales rerum rationes sunt in intellectu
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2538 angelico.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2539 <p title="I q. 55 a. 3 ad 2"><a name="30732"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2540 "ref">[30732] Iª q. 55 a. 3 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2541 dicendum quod cognoscere aliquid in universali, dicitur dupliciter.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2542 Uno modo, ex parte rei cognitae, ut scilicet cognoscatur solum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2543 universalis natura rei. Et sic cognoscere aliquid in universali est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2544 imperfectius, imperfecte enim cognosceret hominem, qui cognosceret
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2545 de eo solum quod est animal. Alio modo, ex parte medii cognoscendi.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2546 Et sic perfectius est cognoscere aliquid in universali, perfectior
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2547 enim est intellectus qui per unum universale medium potest singula
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2548 propria cognoscere, quam qui non potest.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2549 <p title="I q. 55 a. 3 ad 3"><a name="30733"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2550 "ref">[30733] Iª q. 55 a. 3 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2551 dicendum quod idem non potest esse plurium propria ratio adaequata.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2552 Sed si sit excellens, potest idem accipi ut propria ratio et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2553 similitudo diversorum. Sicut in homine est universalis prudentia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2554 quantum ad omnes actus virtutum; et potest accipi ut propria ratio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2555 et similitudo particularis prudentiae quae est in leone ad actus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2556 magnanimitatis, et eius quae est in vulpe ad actus cautelae, et sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2557 de aliis. Similiter essentia divina accipitur, propter sui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2558 excellentiam, ut propria ratio singulorum, quia est in ea unde sibi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2559 singula similentur secundum proprias rationes. Et eodem modo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2560 dicendum est de ratione universali quae est in mente Angeli, quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2561 per eam, propter eius excellentiam, multa cognosci possunt propria
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2562 cognitione.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2563 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2564 <div class="D">Quaestio 56</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2565 <div class="G">Prooemium</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2566 <p title="I q. 56 pr."><a name="30734"><span class="ref">[30734]
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2567 Iª q. 56 pr.</span></a> Deinde quaeritur de cognitione
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2568 Angelorum ex parte rerum quas cognoscunt. Et primo, de cognitione
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2569 rerum immaterialium; secundo, de cognitione rerum materialium.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2570 Circa primum quaeruntur tria. Primo, utrum Angelus cognoscat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2571 seipsum. Secundo, utrum unus cognoscat alium. Tertio, utrum Angelus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2572 per sua naturalia cognoscat Deum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2573 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2574 <div class="E">Articulus 1</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2575 <p title="I q. 56 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="30735"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2576 "ref">[30735] Iª q. 56 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad primum sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2577 proceditur. Videtur quod Angelus seipsum non cognoscat. Dicit enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2578 Dionysius, VI cap. Angel. Hier., quod Angeli ignorant proprias
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2579 virtutes. Cognita autem substantia, cognoscitur virtus. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2580 Angelus non cognoscit suam essentiam.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2581 <p title="I q. 56 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="30736"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2582 "ref">[30736] Iª q. 56 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2583 Angelus est quaedam substantia singularis, alioquin non ageret, cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2584 actus sint singularium subsistentium. Sed nullum singulare est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2585 intelligibile. Ergo non potest intelligi. Et ita, cum Angelo non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2586 adsit nisi intellectiva cognitio, non poterit aliquis Angelus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2587 cognoscere seipsum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2588 <p title="I q. 56 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="30737"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2589 "ref">[30737] Iª q. 56 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2590 intellectus movetur ab intelligibili, quia intelligere est quoddam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2591 pati, ut dicitur in III de anima. Sed nihil movetur aut patitur a
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2592 seipso; ut in rebus corporalibus apparet. Ergo Angelus non potest
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2593 intelligere seipsum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2594 <p title="I q. 56 a. 1 s. c."><a name="30738"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2595 "ref">[30738] Iª q. 56 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2596 quod Augustinus dicit, II super Gen. ad Litt., quod <i>Angelus in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2597 ipsa sua conformatione, hoc est illustratione veritatis, cognovit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2598 seipsum</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2599 <p title="I q. 56 a. 1 co."><a name="30739"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2600 "ref">[30739] Iª q. 56 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2601 quod, sicut ex supra dictis patet, obiectum aliter se habet in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2602 actione quae manet in agente, et in actione quae transit in aliquid
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2603 exterius. Nam in actione quae transit in aliquid exterius, obiectum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2604 sive materia in quam transit actus, est separata ab agente, sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2605 calefactum a calefaciente, et aedificatum ab aedificante. Sed in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2606 actione quae manet in agente, oportet ad hoc quod procedat actio,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2607 quod obiectum uniatur agenti, sicut oportet quod sensibile uniatur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2608 sensui, ad hoc quod sentiat actu. Et ita se habet obiectum unitum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2609 potentiae ad huiusmodi actionem, sicut forma quae est principium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2610 actionis in aliis agentibus, sicut enim calor est principium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2611 formale calefactionis in igne, ita species rei visae est principium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2612 formale visionis in oculo. Sed considerandum est quod huiusmodi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2613 species obiecti quandoque est in potentia tantum in cognoscitiva
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2614 virtute, et tunc est cognoscens in potentia tantum; et ad hoc quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2615 actu cognoscat, requiritur quod potentia cognoscitiva reducatur in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2616 actum speciei. Si autem semper eam actu habeat, nihilominus per eam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2617 cognoscere potest absque aliqua mutatione vel receptione
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2618 praecedenti. Ex quo patet quod moveri ab obiecto non est de ratione
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2619 cognoscentis inquantum est cognoscens, sed inquantum est potentia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2620 cognoscens. Nihil autem differt, ad hoc quod forma sit principium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2621 actionis, quod ipsa forma sit alii inhaerens, et quod sit per se
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2622 subsistens, non enim minus calor calefaceret si esset per se
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2623 subsistens, quam calefacit inhaerens. Sic igitur et si aliquid in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2624 genere intelligibilium se habeat ut forma intelligibilis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2625 subsistens, intelliget seipsum. Angelus autem, cum sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2626 immaterialis, est quaedam forma subsistens, et per hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2627 intelligibilis actu. Unde sequitur quod per suam formam, quae est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2628 sua substantia, seipsum intelligat.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2629 <p title="I q. 56 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="30740"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2630 "ref">[30740] Iª q. 56 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2631 dicendum quod littera illa est antiquae translationis, quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2632 corrigitur per novam, in qua dicitur, praeterea et ipsos, scilicet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2633 Angelos, cognovisse proprias virtutes; loco cuius habebatur in alia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2634 translatione, et adhuc et eos ignorare proprias virtutes. Quamvis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2635 etiam littera antiquae translationis salvari possit quantum ad hoc,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2636 quod Angeli non perfecte cognoscunt suam virtutem, secundum quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2637 procedit ab ordine divinae sapientiae, quae est Angelis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2638 incomprehensibilis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2639 <p title="I q. 56 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="30741"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2640 "ref">[30741] Iª q. 56 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2641 dicendum quod singularium quae sunt in rebus corporalibus, non est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2642 intellectus, apud nos, non ratione singularitatis, sed ratione
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2643 materiae, quae est in eis individuationis principium. Unde si
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2644 aliqua singularia sunt sine materia subsistentia, sicut sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2645 Angeli, illa nihil prohibet intelligibilia esse actu.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2646 <p title="I q. 56 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="30742"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2647 "ref">[30742] Iª q. 56 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2648 dicendum quod moveri et pati convenit intellectui secundum quod est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2649 in potentia. Unde non habet locum in intellectu angelico; maxime
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2650 quantum ad hoc quod intelligit seipsum. Actio etiam intellectus non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2651 est eiusdem rationis cum actione quae in corporalibus invenitur, in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2652 aliam materiam transeunte.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2653 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2654 <div class="E">Articulus 2</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2655 <p title="I q. 56 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="30743"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2656 "ref">[30743] Iª q. 56 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad secundum sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2657 proceditur. Videtur quod unus Angelus alium non cognoscat. Dicit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2658 enim philosophus, in III de anima, quod si intellectus humanus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2659 haberet in se aliquam naturam de numero naturarum rerum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2660 sensibilium, illa natura interius existens prohiberet apparere
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2661 extranea, sicut etiam si pupilla esset colorata aliquo colore, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2662 posset videre omnem colorem. Sed sicut se habet intellectus humanus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2663 ad cognoscendas res corporeas, ita se habet intellectus angelicus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2664 ad cognoscendas res immateriales. Cum igitur intellectus angelicus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2665 habeat in se aliquam naturam determinatam de numero illarum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2666 naturarum, videtur quod alias cognoscere non possit.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2667 <p title="I q. 56 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="30744"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2668 "ref">[30744] Iª q. 56 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea, in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2669 libro de causis dicitur quod <i>omnis intelligentia sit quod est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2670 supra se, inquantum est causata ab eo; et quod est sub se,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2671 inquantum est causa eius</i>. Sed unus Angelus non est causa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2672 alterius. Ergo unus Angelus non cognoscit alium.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2673 <p title="I q. 56 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="30745"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2674 "ref">[30745] Iª q. 56 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea, unus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2675 Angelus non potest cognoscere alium per essentiam ipsius Angeli
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2676 cognoscentis, cum omnis cognitio sit secundum rationem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2677 similitudinis, essentia autem Angeli cognoscentis non est similis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2678 essentiae Angeli cogniti nisi in genere, ut ex supra dictis patet;
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2679 unde sequeretur quod unus Angelus non haberet de alio cognitionem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2680 propriam, sed generalem tantum. Similiter etiam non potest dici
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2681 quod unus Angelus cognoscat alium per essentiam Angeli cogniti,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2682 quia illud quo intellectus intelligit, est intrinsecum intellectui;
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2683 sola autem Trinitas illabitur menti. Similiter etiam dici non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2684 potest quod unus cognoscat alium per speciem, quia illa species non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2685 differret ab Angelo intellecto, cum utrumque sit immateriale. Nullo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2686 igitur modo videtur quod unus Angelus possit intelligere alium.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2687 <p title="I q. 56 a. 2 arg. 4"><a name="30746"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2688 "ref">[30746] Iª q. 56 a. 2 arg. 4</span></a> Praeterea, si
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2689 unus Angelus intelligit alium, aut hoc esset per speciem innatam,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2690 et sic sequeretur quod, si Deus nunc de novo crearet aliquem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2691 Angelum, quod non posset cognosci ab his qui nunc sunt. Aut per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2692 speciem acquisitam a rebus, et sic sequeretur quod Angeli
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2693 superiores non possent cognoscere inferiores, a quibus nihil
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2694 accipiunt. Nullo igitur modo videtur quod unus Angelus alium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2695 cognoscat.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2696 <p title="I q. 56 a. 2 s. c."><a name="30747"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2697 "ref">[30747] Iª q. 56 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2698 quod dicitur in libro de causis, quod <i>omnis intelligentia scit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2699 res quae non corrumpuntur</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2700 <p title="I q. 56 a. 2 co."><a name="30748"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2701 "ref">[30748] Iª q. 56 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2702 quod, sicut Augustinus dicit, II super Gen. ad Litt., ea quae in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2703 verbo Dei ab aeterno praeextiterunt, dupliciter ab eo effluxerunt,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2704 uno modo, in intellectum angelicum; alio modo, ut subsisterent in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2705 propriis naturis. In intellectum autem angelicum processerunt per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2706 hoc, quod Deus menti angelicae impressit rerum similitudines, quas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2707 in esse naturali produxit. In verbo autem Dei ab aeterno extiterunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2708 non solum rationes rerum corporalium, sed etiam rationes omnium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2709 spiritualium creaturarum. Sic igitur unicuique spiritualium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2710 creaturarum a verbo Dei impressae sunt omnes rationes rerum omnium,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2711 tam corporalium quam spiritualium. Ita tamen quod unicuique Angelo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2712 impressa est ratio suae speciei secundum esse naturale et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2713 intelligibile simul, ita scilicet quod in natura suae speciei
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2714 subsisteret, et per eam se intelligeret, aliarum vero naturarum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2715 tam spiritualium quam corporalium, rationes sunt ei impressae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2716 secundum esse intelligibile tantum, ut videlicet per huiusmodi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2717 species impressas, tam creaturas corporales quam spirituales
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2718 cognosceret.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2719 <p title="I q. 56 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="30749"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2720 "ref">[30749] Iª q. 56 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2721 dicendum quod naturae spirituales Angelorum ab invicem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2722 distinguuntur ordine quodam, sicut supra dictum est. Et sic natura
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2723 unius Angeli non prohibet intellectum ipsius a cognoscendis aliis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2724 naturis Angelorum, cum tam superiores quam inferiores habeant
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2725 affinitatem cum natura eius, differentia existente tantum secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2726 diversos gradus perfectionis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2727 <p title="I q. 56 a. 2 ad 2"><a name="30750"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2728 "ref">[30750] Iª q. 56 a. 2 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2729 dicendum quod ratio causae et causati non facit ad hoc quod unus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2730 Angelus alium cognoscat, nisi ratione similitudinis, inquantum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2731 causa et causatum sunt similia. Et ideo, si inter Angelos ponatur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2732 similitudo absque causalitate, remanebit in uno cognitio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2733 alterius.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2734 <p title="I q. 56 a. 2 ad 3"><a name="30751"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2735 "ref">[30751] Iª q. 56 a. 2 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2736 dicendum quod unus Angelus cognoscit alium per speciem eius in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2737 intellectu suo existentem, quae differt ab Angelo cuius similitudo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2738 est, non secundum esse materiale et immateriale, sed secundum esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2739 naturale et intentionale. Nam ipse Angelus est forma subsistens in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2740 esse naturali, non autem species eius quae est in intellectu
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2741 alterius Angeli, sed habet ibi esse intelligibile tantum. Sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2742 etiam et forma coloris in pariete habet esse naturale, in medio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2743 autem deferente habet esse intentionale tantum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2744 <p title="I q. 56 a. 2 ad 4"><a name="30752"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2745 "ref">[30752] Iª q. 56 a. 2 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2746 dicendum quod Deus unamquamque creaturam fecit proportionatam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2747 universo quod facere disposuit. Et ideo, si Deus instituisset
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2748 facere plures Angelos vel plures naturas rerum, plures species
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2749 intelligibiles mentibus angelicis impressisset. Sicut si
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2750 aedificator voluisset facere maiorem domum, fecisset maius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2751 fundamentum. Unde eiusdem rationis est quod Deus adderet aliquam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2752 creaturam universo, et aliquam speciem intelligibilem Angelo.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2753 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2754 <div class="E">Articulus 3</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2755 <p title="I q. 56 a. 3 arg. 1"><a name="30753"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2756 "ref">[30753] Iª q. 56 a. 3 arg. 1</span></a> Ad tertium sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2757 proceditur. Videtur quod Angeli per sua naturalia Deum cognoscere
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2758 non possint. Dicit enim Dionysius, I cap. de Div. Nom., quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2759 <i>Deus est super omnes caelestes mentes incomprehensibili virtute
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2760 collocatus</i>. Et postea subdit quod, <i>quia est supra omnem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2761 substantiam, ab omni cognitione est segregatus</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2762 <p title="I q. 56 a. 3 arg. 2"><a name="30754"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2763 "ref">[30754] Iª q. 56 a. 3 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea, Deus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2764 in infinitum distat ab intellectu Angeli. Sed in infinitum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2765 distantia non possunt attingi. Ergo videtur quod Angelus per sua
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2766 naturalia non possit Deum cognoscere.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2767 <p title="I q. 56 a. 3 arg. 3"><a name="30755"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2768 "ref">[30755] Iª q. 56 a. 3 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea, I
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2769 Cor. XIII dicitur, <i>videmus nunc per speculum in aenigmate, tunc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2770 autem facie ad faciem</i>. Ex quo videtur quod sit duplex Dei
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2771 cognitio, una, qua videtur per sui essentiam, secundum quam dicitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2772 videri facie ad faciem; alia, secundum quod videtur in speculo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2773 creaturarum. Sed primam Dei cognitionem Angelus habere non potuit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2774 per sua naturalia, ut supra ostensum est. Visio autem specularis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2775 Angelis non convenit, quia non accipiunt divinam cognitionem e
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2776 rebus sensibilibus, ut dicit Dionysius, VII cap. de Div. Nom. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2777 Angeli per sua naturalia Deum cognoscere non possunt.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2778 <p title="I q. 56 a. 3 s. c."><a name="30756"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2779 "ref">[30756] Iª q. 56 a. 3 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2780 Angeli sunt potentiores in cognoscendo quam homines. Sed homines
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2781 per sua naturalia Deum cognoscere possunt; secundum illud Rom. I,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2782 <i>quod notum est Dei, manifestum est in illis</i>. Ergo multo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2783 magis Angeli.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2784 <p title="I q. 56 a. 3 co."><a name="30757"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2785 "ref">[30757] Iª q. 56 a. 3 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2786 quod Angeli aliquam cognitionem de Deo habere possunt per sua
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2787 naturalia. Ad cuius evidentiam, considerandum est quod aliquid
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2788 tripliciter cognoscitur. Uno modo, per praesentiam suae essentiae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2789 in cognoscente, sicut si lux videatur in oculo, et sic dictum est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2790 quod Angelus intelligit seipsum. Alio modo, per praesentiam suae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2791 similitudinis in potentia cognoscitiva, sicut lapis videtur ab
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2792 oculo per hoc quod similitudo eius resultat in oculo. Tertio modo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2793 per hoc quod similitudo rei cognitae non accipitur immediate ab
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2794 ipsa re cognita, sed a re alia, in qua resultat, sicut cum videmus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2795 hominem in speculo. Primae igitur cognitioni assimilatur divina
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2796 cognitio, qua per essentiam suam videtur. Et haec cognitio Dei non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2797 potest adesse creaturae alicui per sua naturalia, ut supra dictum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2798 est. Tertiae autem cognitioni assimilatur cognitio qua nos
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2799 cognoscimus Deum in via, per similitudinem eius in creaturis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2800 resultantem; secundum illud Rom. I, <i>invisibilia Dei per ea quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2801 facta sunt, intellecta, conspiciuntur</i>. Unde et dicimur Deum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2802 videre in speculo. Cognitio autem qua Angelus per sua naturalia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2803 cognoscit Deum, media est inter has duas; et similatur illi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2804 cognitioni qua videtur res per speciem ab ea acceptam. Quia enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2805 imago Dei est in ipsa natura Angeli impressa per suam essentiam,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2806 Angelus Deum cognoscit, inquantum est similitudo Dei. Non tamen
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2807 ipsam essentiam Dei videt, quia nulla similitudo creata est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2808 sufficiens ad repraesentandam divinam essentiam. Unde magis ista
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2809 cognitio tenet se cum speculari, quia et ipsa natura angelica est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2810 quoddam speculum divinam similitudinem repraesentans.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2811 <p title="I q. 56 a. 3 ad 1"><a name="30758"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2812 "ref">[30758] Iª q. 56 a. 3 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2813 dicendum quod Dionysius loquitur de cognitione comprehensionis, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2814 expresse eius verba ostendunt. Et sic a nullo intellectu creato
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2815 cognoscitur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2816 <p title="I q. 56 a. 3 ad 2"><a name="30759"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2817 "ref">[30759] Iª q. 56 a. 3 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2818 dicendum quod propter hoc quod intellectus et essentia Angeli in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2819 infinitum distant a Deo, sequitur quod non possit ipsum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2820 comprehendere, nec per suam naturam eius essentiam videre. Non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2821 tamen sequitur propter hoc, quod nullam eius cognitionem habere
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2822 possit, quia sicut Deus in infinitum distat ab Angelo, ita cognitio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2823 quam Deus habet de seipso, in infinitum distat a cognitione quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2824 Angelus habet de eo.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2825 <p title="I q. 56 a. 3 ad 3"><a name="30760"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2826 "ref">[30760] Iª q. 56 a. 3 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2827 dicendum quod cognitio quam naturaliter Angelus habet de Deo, est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2828 media inter utramque cognitionem, et tamen magis se tenet cum una,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2829 ut supra dictum est.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2830 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2831 <div class="D">Quaestio 57</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2832 <div class="G">Prooemium</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2833 <p title="I q. 57 pr."><a name="30761"><span class="ref">[30761]
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2834 Iª q. 57 pr.</span></a> Deinde quaeritur de his materialibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2835 quae ab Angelis cognoscuntur. Et circa hoc quaeruntur quinque.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2836 Primo, utrum Angeli cognoscant naturas rerum materialium. Secundo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2837 utrum cognoscant singularia. Tertio, utrum cognoscant futura.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2838 Quarto, utrum cognoscant cogitationes cordium. Quinto, utrum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2839 cognoscant omnia mysteria gratiae.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2840 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2841 <div class="E">Articulus 1</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2842 <p title="I q. 57 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="30762"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2843 "ref">[30762] Iª q. 57 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad primum sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2844 proceditur. Videtur quod Angeli non cognoscant res materiales.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2845 Intellectum enim est perfectio intelligentis. Res autem materiales
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2846 non possunt esse perfectiones Angelorum, cum sint infra ipsos. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2847 Angeli non cognoscunt res materiales.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2848 <p title="I q. 57 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="30763"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2849 "ref">[30763] Iª q. 57 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea, visio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2850 intellectualis est eorum quae sunt in anima per sui essentiam, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2851 dicitur in Glossa, II ad Cor. XII. Sed res materiales non possunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2852 esse in anima hominis, vel in mente Angeli, per suas essentias.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2853 Ergo non possunt intellectuali visione cognosci, sed solum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2854 imaginaria, qua apprehenduntur similitudines corporum; et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2855 sensibili, quae est de ipsis corporibus. In Angelis autem non est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2856 visio imaginaria et sensibilis, sed solum intellectualis. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2857 Angeli materialia cognoscere non possunt.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2858 <p title="I q. 57 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="30764"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2859 "ref">[30764] Iª q. 57 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea, res
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2860 materiales non sunt intelligibiles in actu, sed sunt cognoscibiles
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2861 apprehensione sensus et imaginationis; quae non est in Angelis.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2862 Ergo Angeli materialia non cognoscunt.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2863 <p title="I q. 57 a. 1 s. c."><a name="30765"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2864 "ref">[30765] Iª q. 57 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2865 quidquid potest inferior virtus, potest virtus superior. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2866 intellectus hominis, qui est ordine naturae infra intellectum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2867 Angeli, potest cognoscere res materiales. Ergo multo fortius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2868 intellectus Angeli.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2869 <p title="I q. 57 a. 1 co."><a name="30766"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2870 "ref">[30766] Iª q. 57 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2871 quod talis est ordo in rebus, quod superiora in entibus sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2872 perfectiora inferioribus, et quod in inferioribus continetur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2873 deficienter et partialiter et multipliciter, in superioribus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2874 continetur eminenter et per quandam totalitatem et simplicitatem.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2875 Et ideo in Deo, sicut in summo rerum vertice, omnia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2876 supersubstantialiter praeexistunt secundum ipsum suum simplex esse,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2877 ut Dionysius dicit, in libro de Div. Nom. Angeli autem inter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2878 ceteras creaturas sunt Deo propinquiores et similiores, unde et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2879 plura participant ex bonitate divina, et perfectius, ut Dionysius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2880 dicit, IV cap. Cael. Hier. Sic igitur omnia materialia in ipsis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2881 Angelis praeexistunt, simplicius quidem et immaterialius quam in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2882 ipsis rebus; multiplicius autem et imperfectius quam in Deo. Omne
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2883 autem quod est in aliquo; est in eo per modum eius in quo est.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2884 Angeli autem secundum suam naturam sunt intellectuales. Et ideo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2885 sicut Deus per suam essentiam materialia cognoscit, ita Angeli ea
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2886 cognoscunt per hoc quod sunt in eis per suas intelligibiles
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2887 species.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2888 <p title="I q. 57 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="30767"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2889 "ref">[30767] Iª q. 57 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2890 dicendum quod intellectum est perfectio intelligentis secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2891 speciem intelligibilem quam habet in intellectu. Et sic species
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2892 intelligibiles quae sunt in intellectu Angeli, sunt perfectiones et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2893 actus intellectus angelici.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2894 <p title="I q. 57 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="30768"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2895 "ref">[30768] Iª q. 57 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2896 dicendum quod sensus non apprehendit essentias rerum, sed exteriora
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2897 accidentia tantum. Similiter neque imaginatio, sed apprehendit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2898 solas similitudines corporum. Intellectus autem solus apprehendit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2899 essentias rerum. Unde in III de anima dicitur quod obiectum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2900 intellectus est quod quid est, circa quod non errat, sicut neque
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2901 sensus circa proprium sensibile. Sic ergo essentiae rerum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2902 materialium sunt in intellectu hominis vel Angeli, ut intellectum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2903 est in intelligente, et non secundum esse suum reale. Quaedam vero
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2904 sunt quae sunt in intellectu vel in anima secundum utrumque esse.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2905 Et utrorumque est visio intellectualis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2906 <p title="I q. 57 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="30769"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2907 "ref">[30769] Iª q. 57 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2908 dicendum quod, si Angelus acciperet cognitionem rerum materialium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2909 ab ipsis rebus materialibus, oporteret quod faceret eas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2910 intelligibiles actu, abstrahendo eas. Non autem accipit cognitionem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2911 earum a rebus materialibus, sed per species actu intelligibiles
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2912 rerum sibi connaturales, rerum materialium notitiam habet; sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2913 intellectus noster secundum species quas intelligibiles facit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2914 abstrahendo.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2915 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2916 <div class="E">Articulus 2</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2917 <p title="I q. 57 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="30770"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2918 "ref">[30770] Iª q. 57 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad secundum sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2919 proceditur. Videtur quod Angelus singularia non cognoscat. Dicit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2920 enim philosophus, in I Physic., quod sensus est singularium, ratio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2921 vero (vel intellectus) universalium. In Angelis autem non est vis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2922 cognoscitiva nisi intellectiva, ut ex superioribus patet. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2923 singularia non cognoscunt.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2924 <p title="I q. 57 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="30771"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2925 "ref">[30771] Iª q. 57 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea, omnis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2926 cognitio est per assimilationem aliquam cognoscentis ad cognitum.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2927 Sed non videtur quod possit esse aliqua assimilatio Angeli ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2928 singulare inquantum est singulare, cum Angelus sit immaterialis, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2929 supra dictum est, singularitatis vero principium sit materia. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2930 Angelus non potest cognoscere singularia.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2931 <p title="I q. 57 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="30772"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2932 "ref">[30772] Iª q. 57 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea, si
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2933 Angelus scit singularia, aut per species singulares, aut per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2934 species universales. Non per singulares, quia sic oporteret quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2935 haberet species infinitas. Neque per universales, quia universale
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2936 non est sufficiens principium cognoscendi singulare inquantum est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2937 singulare, cum in universali singularia non cognoscantur nisi in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2938 potentia. Ergo Angelus non cognoscit singularia.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2939 <p title="I q. 57 a. 2 s. c."><a name="30773"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2940 "ref">[30773] Iª q. 57 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2941 nullus potest custodire quod non cognoscit. Sed Angeli custodiunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2942 homines singulares, secundum illud Psalmi XC, <i>Angelis suis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2943 mandavit de te,</i> et cetera. Ergo Angeli cognoscunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2944 singularia.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2945 <p title="I q. 57 a. 2 co."><a name="30774"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2946 "ref">[30774] Iª q. 57 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2947 quod quidam totaliter subtraxerunt Angelis singularium cognitionem.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2948 Sed hoc primo quidem derogat Catholicae fidei, quae ponit haec
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2949 inferiora administrari per Angelos, secundum illud Heb. I, <i>omnes
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2950 sunt administratorii spiritus</i>. Si autem singularium notitiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2951 non haberent, nullam providentiam habere possent de his quae in hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2952 mundo aguntur; cum actus singularium sint. Et hoc est contra illud
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2953 quod dicitur Eccle. V, <i>ne dicas coram Angelo, non est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2954 providentia</i>. Secundo, etiam derogat philosophiae documentis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2955 secundum quae ponuntur Angeli motores caelestium orbium, et quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2956 eos moveant secundum intellectum et voluntatem. Et ideo alii
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2957 dixerunt quod Angelus habet quidem cognitionem singularium, sed in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2958 causis universalibus, ad quas reducuntur particulares omnes
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2959 effectus, sicut si astrologus iudicet de aliqua eclipsi futura, per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2960 dispositiones caelestium motuum. Sed haec positio praedicta
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2961 inconvenientia non evadit, quia sic cognoscere singulare in causis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2962 universalibus, non est cognoscere ipsum ut est singulare, hoc est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2963 ut est hic et nunc. Astrologus enim cognoscens eclipsim futuram per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2964 computationem caelestium motuum, scit eam in universali; et non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2965 prout est hic et nunc, nisi per sensum accipiat. Administratio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2966 autem et providentia et motus sunt singularium, prout sunt hic et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2967 nunc. Et ideo aliter dicendum est quod, sicut homo cognoscit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2968 diversis viribus cognitivis omnia rerum genera, intellectu quidem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2969 universalia et immaterialia, sensu autem singularia et corporalia;
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2970 ita Angelus per unam intellectivam virtutem utraque cognoscit. Hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2971 enim rerum ordo habet, quod quanto aliquid est superius, tanto
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2972 habeat virtutem magis unitam et ad plura se extendentem, sicut in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2973 ipso homine patet quod sensus communis, qui est superior quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2974 sensus proprius, licet sit unica potentia, omnia cognoscit quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2975 quinque sensibus exterioribus cognoscuntur, et quaedam alia quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2976 nullus sensus exterior cognoscit, scilicet differentiam albi et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2977 dulcis. Et simile etiam est in aliis considerare. Unde cum Angelus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2978 naturae ordine sit supra hominem, inconveniens est dicere quod homo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2979 quacumque sua potentia cognoscat aliquid, quod Angelus per unam vim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2980 suam cognoscitivam, scilicet intellectum, non cognoscat. Unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2981 Aristoteles pro inconvenienti habet ut litem, quam nos scimus, Deus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2982 ignoret; ut patet in I de anima, et in III Metaphys. Modus autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2983 quo intellectus Angeli singularia cognoscit, ex hoc considerari
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2984 potest quod, sicut a Deo effluunt res ut subsistant in propriis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2985 naturis, ita etiam ut sint in cognitione angelica. Manifestum est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2986 autem quod a Deo effluit in rebus non solum illud quod ad naturam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2987 universalem pertinet, sed etiam ea quae sunt individuationis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2988 principia, est enim causa totius substantiae rei, et quantum ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2989 materiam et quantum ad formam. Et secundum quod causat, sic et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2990 cognoscit, quia scientia eius est causa rei, ut supra ostensum est.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2991 Sicut igitur Deus per essentiam suam, per quam omnia causat, est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2992 similitudo omnium, et per eam omnia cognoscit non solum quantum ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2993 naturas universales, sed etiam quantum ad singularitatem; ita
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2994 Angeli per species a Deo inditas, res cognoscunt non solum quantum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2995 ad naturam universalem, sed etiam secundum earum singularitatem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2996 inquantum sunt quaedam repraesentationes multiplicatae illius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2997 unicae et simplicis essentiae.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2998 <p title="I q. 57 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="30775"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2999 "ref">[30775] Iª q. 57 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3000 dicendum quod philosophus loquitur de intellectu nostro, qui non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3001 intelligit res nisi abstrahendo; et per ipsam abstractionem a
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3002 materialibus conditionibus, id quod abstrahitur, fit universale.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3003 Hic autem modus intelligendi non convenit Angelis, ut supra dictum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3004 est, et ideo non est eadem ratio.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3005 <p title="I q. 57 a. 2 ad 2"><a name="30776"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3006 "ref">[30776] Iª q. 57 a. 2 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3007 dicendum quod secundum suam naturam Angeli non assimilantur rebus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3008 materialibus sicut assimilatur aliquid alicui secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3009 convenientiam in genere vel in specie, aut in accidente; sed sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3010 superius habet similitudinem cum inferiori, ut sol cum igne. Et per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3011 hunc etiam modum in Deo est similitudo omnium, et quantum ad formam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3012 et quantum ad materiam, inquantum in ipso praeexistit ut in causa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3013 quidquid in rebus invenitur. Et eadem ratione species intellectus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3014 Angeli, quae sunt quaedam derivatae similitudines a divina
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3015 essentia, sunt similitudines rerum non solum quantum ad formam, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3016 etiam quantum ad materiam.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3017 <p title="I q. 57 a. 2 ad 3"><a name="30777"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3018 "ref">[30777] Iª q. 57 a. 2 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3019 dicendum quod Angeli cognoscunt singularia per formas universales,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3020 quae tamen sunt similitudines rerum et quantum ad principia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3021 universalia, et quantum ad individuationis principia. Quomodo autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3022 per eandem speciem possint multa cognosci iam supra dictum est.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3023 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3024 <div class="E">Articulus 3</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3025 <p title="I q. 57 a. 3 arg. 1"><a name="30778"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3026 "ref">[30778] Iª q. 57 a. 3 arg. 1</span></a> Ad tertium sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3027 proceditur. Videtur quod Angeli cognoscant futura. Angeli enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3028 potentiores sunt in cognoscendo quam homines. Sed homines aliqui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3029 cognoscunt multa futura. Ergo multo fortius Angeli.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3030 <p title="I q. 57 a. 3 arg. 2"><a name="30779"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3031 "ref">[30779] Iª q. 57 a. 3 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3032 praesens et futurum sunt differentiae temporis. Sed intellectus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3033 Angeli est supra tempus, parificatur enim intelligentia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3034 aeternitati, idest aevo, ut dicitur in libro de causis. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3035 quantum ad intellectum Angeli, non differunt praeteritum et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3036 futurum; sed indifferenter cognoscit utrumque.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3037 <p title="I q. 57 a. 3 arg. 3"><a name="30780"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3038 "ref">[30780] Iª q. 57 a. 3 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3039 Angelus non cognoscit per species acceptas a rebus, sed per species
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3040 innatas universales. Sed species universales aequaliter se habent
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3041 ad praesens, praeteritum et futurum. Ergo videtur quod Angeli
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3042 indifferenter cognoscant praeterita et praesentia et futura.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3043 <p title="I q. 57 a. 3 arg. 4"><a name="30781"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3044 "ref">[30781] Iª q. 57 a. 3 arg. 4</span></a> Praeterea, sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3045 aliquid dicitur distans secundum tempus, ita secundum locum. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3046 Angeli cognoscunt distantia secundum locum. Ergo etiam cognoscunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3047 distantia secundum tempus futurum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3048 <p title="I q. 57 a. 3 s. c."><a name="30782"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3049 "ref">[30782] Iª q. 57 a. 3 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra, id
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3050 quod est proprium signum divinitatis, non convenit Angelis. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3051 cognoscere futura est proprium signum divinitatis; secundum illud
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3052 Isaiae XLI, <i>annuntiate quae ventura sunt in futurum, et sciemus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3053 quod dii estis vos</i>. Ergo Angeli non cognoscunt futura.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3054 <p title="I q. 57 a. 3 co."><a name="30783"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3055 "ref">[30783] Iª q. 57 a. 3 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3056 quod futurum dupliciter potest cognosci. Uno modo, in causa sua. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3057 sic futura quae ex necessitate ex causis suis proveniunt, per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3058 certam scientiam cognoscuntur, ut solem oriri cras. Quae vero ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3059 suis causis proveniunt ut in pluribus, cognoscuntur non per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3060 certitudinem, sed per coniecturam; sicut medicus praecognoscit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3061 sanitatem infirmi. Et iste modus cognoscendi futura adest Angelis;
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3062 et tanto magis quam nobis, quanto magis rerum causas et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3063 universalius et perfectius cognoscunt; sicut medici qui acutius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3064 vident causas, melius de futuro statu aegritudinis prognosticantur.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3065 Quae vero proveniunt ex causis suis ut in paucioribus, penitus sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3066 ignota, sicut casualia et fortuita. Alio modo cognoscuntur futura
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3067 in seipsis. Et sic solius Dei est futura cognoscere, non solum quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3068 ex necessitate proveniunt, vel ut in pluribus, sed etiam casualia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3069 et fortuita, quia Deus videt omnia in sua aeternitate, quae, cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3070 sit simplex, toti tempori adest, et ipsum concludit. Et ideo unus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3071 Dei intuitus fertur in omnia quae aguntur per totum tempus sicut in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3072 praesentia, et videt omnia ut in seipsis sunt; sicut supra dictum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3073 est cum de Dei scientia ageretur. Angelicus autem intellectus, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3074 quilibet intellectus creatus, deficit ab aeternitate divina. Unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3075 non potest ab aliquo intellectu creato cognosci futurum, ut est in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3076 suo esse.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3077 <p title="I q. 57 a. 3 ad 1"><a name="30784"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3078 "ref">[30784] Iª q. 57 a. 3 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3079 dicendum quod homines non cognoscunt futura nisi in causis suis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3080 vel Deo revelante. Et sic Angeli multo subtilius futura
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3081 cognoscunt.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3082 <p title="I q. 57 a. 3 ad 2"><a name="30785"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3083 "ref">[30785] Iª q. 57 a. 3 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3084 dicendum quod, licet intellectus Angeli sit supra tempus quo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3085 mensurantur corporales motus, est tamen in intellectu Angeli tempus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3086 secundum successionem intelligibilium conceptionum; secundum quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3087 dicit Augustinus, VIII super Gen. ad Litt., quod <i>Deus movet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3088 spiritualem creaturam per tempus</i>. Et ita, cum sit successio in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3089 intellectu Angeli, non omnia quae aguntur per totum tempus, sunt ei
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3090 praesentia.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3091 <p title="I q. 57 a. 3 ad 3"><a name="30786"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3092 "ref">[30786] Iª q. 57 a. 3 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3093 dicendum quod, licet species quae sunt in intellectu Angeli,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3094 quantum est de se, aequaliter se habeant ad praesentia, praeterita
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3095 et futura; tamen praesentia, praeterita et futura non aequaliter se
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3096 habent ad rationes. Quia ea quae praesentia sunt, habent naturam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3097 per quam assimilantur speciebus quae sunt in mente Angeli, et sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3098 per eas cognosci possunt. Sed quae futura sunt, nondum habent
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3099 naturam per quam illis assimilentur, unde per eas cognosci non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3100 possunt.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3101 <p title="I q. 57 a. 3 ad 4"><a name="30787"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3102 "ref">[30787] Iª q. 57 a. 3 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3103 dicendum quod distantia secundum locum sunt iam in rerum natura, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3104 participant aliquam speciem, cuius similitudo est in Angelo, quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3105 non est verum de futuris, ut dictum est. Et ideo non est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3106 simile.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3107 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3108 <div class="E">Articulus 4</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3109 <p title="I q. 57 a. 4 arg. 1"><a name="30788"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3110 "ref">[30788] Iª q. 57 a. 4 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quartum sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3111 proceditur. Videtur quod Angeli cognoscant cogitationes cordium.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3112 Dicit enim Gregorius, in moralibus, super illud Iob XXVIII, <i>non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3113 aequabitur ei aurum vel vitrum</i>, quod tunc, scilicet in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3114 beatitudine resurgentium, unus <i>erit perspicabilis alteri sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3115 ipse sibi, et cum uniuscuiusque intellectus attenditur, simul
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3116 conscientia penetratur</i>. Sed resurgentes erunt similes Angelis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3117 sicut habetur Matth. XXII. Ergo unus Angelus potest videre id quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3118 est in conscientia alterius.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3119 <p title="I q. 57 a. 4 arg. 2"><a name="30789"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3120 "ref">[30789] Iª q. 57 a. 4 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea, sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3121 se habent figurae ad corpora, ita se habent species intelligibiles
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3122 ad intellectum. Sed viso corpore, videtur eius figura. Ergo visa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3123 substantia intellectuali, videtur species intelligibilis quae est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3124 in ipsa. Ergo, cum Angelus videat alium Angelum, et etiam animam,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3125 videtur quod possit videre cogitationem utriusque.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3126 <p title="I q. 57 a. 4 arg. 3"><a name="30790"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3127 "ref">[30790] Iª q. 57 a. 4 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea, ea
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3128 quae sunt in intellectu nostro, sunt similiora Angelo quam ea quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3129 sunt in phantasia, cum haec sint intellecta in actu, illa vero in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3130 potentia tantum. Sed ea quae sunt in phantasia, possunt cognosci ab
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3131 Angelo sicut corporalia, cum phantasia sit virtus corporis. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3132 videtur quod Angelus possit cognoscere cogitationes
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3133 intellectus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3134 <p title="I q. 57 a. 4 s. c."><a name="30791"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3135 "ref">[30791] Iª q. 57 a. 4 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra, quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3136 est proprium Dei, non convenit Angelis. Sed cognoscere cogitationes
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3137 cordium est proprium Dei, secundum illud Ierem. XVII, <i>pravum est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3138 cor hominis et inscrutabile, quis cognoscet illud? Ego, dominus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3139 scrutans corda</i>. Ergo Angeli non cognoscunt secreta cordium.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3140 <p title="I q. 57 a. 4 co."><a name="30792"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3141 "ref">[30792] Iª q. 57 a. 4 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3142 quod cogitatio cordis dupliciter potest cognosci. Uno modo, in suo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3143 effectu. Et sic non solum ab Angelo, sed etiam ab homine cognosci
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3144 potest; et tanto subtilius, quanto effectus huiusmodi fuerit magis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3145 occultus. Cognoscitur enim cogitatio interdum non solum per actum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3146 exteriorem, sed etiam per immutationem vultus, et etiam medici
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3147 aliquas affectiones animi per pulsum cognoscere possunt. Et multo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3148 magis Angeli, vel etiam Daemones, quanto subtilius huiusmodi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3149 immutationes occultas corporales perpendunt. Unde Augustinus dicit,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3150 in libro de divinatione Daemonum, quod <i>aliquando hominum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3151 dispositiones, non solum voce prolatas, verum etiam cogitatione
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3152 conceptas, cum signa quaedam in corpore exprimuntur ex animo, tota
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3153 facilitate perdiscunt</i>, quamvis in libro Retract. hoc dicat non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3154 esse asserendum quomodo fiat. Alio modo possunt cognosci
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3155 cogitationes, prout sunt in intellectu; et affectiones, prout sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3156 in voluntate. Et sic solus Deus cogitationes cordium et affectiones
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3157 voluntatum cognoscere potest. Cuius ratio est, quia voluntas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3158 rationalis creaturae soli Deo subiacet; et ipse solus in eam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3159 operari potest, qui est principale eius obiectum, ut ultimus finis;
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3160 et hoc magis infra patebit. Et ideo ea quae in voluntate sunt, vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3161 quae ex voluntate sola dependent, soli Deo sunt nota. Manifestum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3162 est autem quod ex sola voluntate dependet quod aliquis actu aliqua
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3163 consideret, quia cum aliquis habet habitum scientiae, vel species
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3164 intelligibiles in eo existentes, utitur eis cum vult. Et ideo dicit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3165 apostolus, I Cor. II, quod <i>quae sunt hominis, nemo novit nisi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3166 spiritus hominis, qui in ipso est</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3167 <p title="I q. 57 a. 4 ad 1"><a name="30793"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3168 "ref">[30793] Iª q. 57 a. 4 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3169 dicendum quod modo cogitatio unius hominis non cognoscitur ab alio,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3170 propter duplex impedimentum, scilicet propter grossitiem corporis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3171 et propter voluntatem claudentem sua secreta. Primum autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3172 obstaculum tolletur in resurrectione, nec est in Angelis. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3173 secundum impedimentum manebit post resurrectionem, et est modo in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3174 Angelis. Et tamen qualitatem mentis, quantum ad quantitatem gratiae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3175 et gloriae, repraesentabit claritas corporis. Et sic unus mentem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3176 alterius videre poterit.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3177 <p title="I q. 57 a. 4 ad 2"><a name="30794"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3178 "ref">[30794] Iª q. 57 a. 4 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3179 dicendum quod, etsi unus Angelus, species intelligibiles alterius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3180 videat, per hoc quod modus intelligibilium specierum, secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3181 maiorem et minorem universalitatem, proportionatur nobilitati
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3182 substantiarum; non tamen sequitur quod unus cognoscat quomodo alius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3183 illis intelligibilibus speciebus utitur actualiter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3184 considerando.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3185 <p title="I q. 57 a. 4 ad 3"><a name="30795"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3186 "ref">[30795] Iª q. 57 a. 4 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3187 dicendum quod appetitus brutalis non est dominus sui actus, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3188 sequitur impressionem alterius causae corporalis vel spiritualis.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3189 Quia igitur Angeli cognoscunt res corporales et dispositiones
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3190 earum, possunt per haec cognoscere quod est in appetitu et in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3191 apprehensione phantastica brutorum animalium; et etiam hominum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3192 secundum quod in eis quandoque appetitus sensitivus procedit in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3193 actum, sequens aliquam impressionem corporalem, sicut in brutis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3194 semper est. Non tamen oportet quod Angeli cognoscant motum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3195 appetitus sensitivi et apprehensionem phantasticam hominis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3196 secundum quod moventur a voluntate et ratione, quia etiam inferior
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3197 pars animae participat aliqualiter rationem, sicut obediens
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3198 imperanti, ut dicitur in I Ethic. Nec tamen sequitur quod, si
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3199 Angelus cognoscit quod est in appetitu sensitivo vel phantasia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3200 hominis, quod cognoscat id quod est in cogitatione vel voluntate,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3201 quia intellectus vel voluntas non subiacet appetitui sensitivo et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3202 phantasiae, sed potest eis diversimode uti.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3203 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3204 <div class="E">Articulus 5</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3205 <p title="I q. 57 a. 5 arg. 1"><a name="30796"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3206 "ref">[30796] Iª q. 57 a. 5 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quintum sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3207 proceditur. Videtur quod Angeli mysteria gratiae cognoscant. Quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3208 inter omnia mysteria excellentius est mysterium incarnationis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3209 Christi. Sed hoc Angeli cognoverunt a principio, dicit enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3210 Augustinus, V super Gen. ad Litt., quod <i>sic fuit hoc mysterium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3211 absconditum a saeculis in Deo, ut tamen innotesceret principibus et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3212 potestatibus in caelestibus</i>. Et dicit apostolus, I ad Tim. III,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3213 quod <i>apparuit Angelis illud magnum sacramentum pietatis</i>.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3214 Ergo Angeli mysteria gratiae cognoscunt.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3215 <p title="I q. 57 a. 5 arg. 2"><a name="30797"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3216 "ref">[30797] Iª q. 57 a. 5 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3217 rationes omnium mysteriorum gratiae in divina sapientia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3218 continentur. Sed Angeli vident ipsam Dei sapientiam, quae est eius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3219 essentia. Ergo Angeli mysteria gratiae cognoscunt.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3220 <p title="I q. 57 a. 5 arg. 3"><a name="30798"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3221 "ref">[30798] Iª q. 57 a. 5 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3222 prophetae per Angelos instruuntur, ut patet per Dionysium, IV cap.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3223 Angel. Hier. Sed prophetae mysteria gratiae cognoverunt, dicitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3224 enim Amos III, <i>non faciet dominus verbum, nisi revelaverit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3225 secretum ad servos suos, prophetas</i>. Ergo Angeli mysteria
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3226 gratiae cognoscunt.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3227 <p title="I q. 57 a. 5 s. c."><a name="30799"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3228 "ref">[30799] Iª q. 57 a. 5 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3229 quod nullus discit illud quod cognoscit. Sed Angeli, etiam supremi,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3230 quaerunt de divinis mysteriis gratiae, et ea discunt, dicitur enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3231 VII cap. Cael. Hier., quod <i>sacra Scriptura inducit quasdam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3232 caelestes essentias ad ipsum Iesum quaestionem facientes, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3233 addiscentes scientiam divinae eius operationis pro nobis, et Iesum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3234 eas sine medio docentem</i>; ut patet Isaiae LXIII, ubi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3235 quaerentibus Angelis, quis est iste qui venit de Edom? Respondit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3236 Iesus, ego, qui loquor iustitiam. Ergo Angeli non cognoscunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3237 mysteria gratiae.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3238 <p title="I q. 57 a. 5 co."><a name="30800"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3239 "ref">[30800] Iª q. 57 a. 5 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3240 quod in Angelis est cognitio duplex. Una quidem naturalis, secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3241 quam cognoscunt res tum per essentiam suam, tum etiam per species
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3242 innatas. Et hac cognitione mysteria gratiae Angeli cognoscere non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3243 possunt. Haec enim mysteria ex pura Dei voluntate dependent, si
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3244 autem unus Angelus non potest cognoscere cogitationes alterius ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3245 voluntate eius dependentes, multo minus potest cognoscere ea quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3246 ex sola Dei voluntate dependent. Et sic argumentatur apostolus, I
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3247 Cor. II, <i>quae sunt hominis, nemo novit nisi spiritus hominis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3248 qui in ipso est. Ita et quae sunt Dei, nemo novit nisi spiritus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3249 Dei</i>. Est autem alia Angelorum cognitio, quae eos beatos facit,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3250 qua vident verbum et res in verbo. Et hac quidem visione cognoscunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3251 mysteria gratiae, non quidem omnia, nec aequaliter omnes sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3252 secundum quod Deus voluerit eis revelare; secundum illud apostoli,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3253 I Cor. II, <i>nobis autem revelavit Deus per spiritum suum</i>. Ita
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3254 tamen quod superiores Angeli, perspicacius divinam sapientiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3255 contemplantes, plura mysteria et altiora in ipsa Dei visione
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3256 cognoscunt, quae inferioribus manifestant, eos illuminando. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3257 horum etiam mysteriorum quaedam a principio suae creationis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3258 cognoverunt; quaedam vero postmodum, secundum quod eorum officiis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3259 congruit, edocentur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3260 <p title="I q. 57 a. 5 ad 1"><a name="30801"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3261 "ref">[30801] Iª q. 57 a. 5 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3262 dicendum quod de mysterio incarnationis Christi dupliciter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3263 contingit loqui. Uno modo, in generali, et sic omnibus revelatum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3264 est a principio suae beatitudinis. Cuius ratio est, quia hoc est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3265 quoddam generale principium, ad quod omnia eorum officia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3266 ordinantur, <i>omnes enim sunt administratorii spiritus</i>, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3267 dicitur Heb. I, <i>in ministerium missi propter eos qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3268 haereditatem capiunt salutis</i>; quod quidem fit per incarnationis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3269 mysterium. Unde oportuit de hoc mysterio omnes a principio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3270 communiter edoceri. Alio modo possumus loqui de mysterio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3271 incarnationis quantum ad speciales conditiones. Et sic non omnes
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3272 Angeli a principio de omnibus sunt edocti, immo quidam, etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3273 superiores Angeli, postmodum didicerunt, ut patet per auctoritatem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3274 Dionysii inductam.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3275 <p title="I q. 57 a. 5 ad 2"><a name="30802"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3276 "ref">[30802] Iª q. 57 a. 5 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3277 dicendum quod, licet Angeli beati divinam sapientiam contemplentur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3278 non tamen eam comprehendunt. Et ideo non oportet quod cognoscant
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3279 quidquid in ea latet.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3280 <p title="I q. 57 a. 5 ad 3"><a name="30803"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3281 "ref">[30803] Iª q. 57 a. 5 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3282 dicendum quod quidquid prophetae cognoverunt de mysteriis gratiae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3283 per revelationem divinam, multo excellentius est Angelis revelatum.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3284 Et licet prophetis ea quae Deus facturus erat circa salutem humani
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3285 generis, in generali revelaverit; quaedam tamen specialia apostoli
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3286 circa hoc cognoverunt, quae prophetae non cognoverant; secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3287 illud Ephes. III, <i>potestis, legentes, intelligere prudentiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3288 meam in mysterio Christi, quod aliis generationibus non est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3289 agnitum, sicut nunc revelatum est sanctis apostolis eius</i>. Inter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3290 ipsos etiam prophetas, posteriores cognoverunt quod priores non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3291 cognoverant; secundum illud Psalmi CXVIII, <i>super senes
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3292 intellexi</i>. Et Gregorius dicit quod per successiones temporum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3293 crevit divinae cognitionis augmentum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3294 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3295 <div class="D">Quaestio 58</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3296 <div class="G">Prooemium</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3297 <p title="I q. 58 pr."><a name="30804"><span class="ref">[30804]
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3298 Iª q. 58 pr.</span></a> Post haec considerandum est de modo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3299 angelicae cognitionis. Et circa hoc quaeruntur septem. Primo, utrum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3300 intellectus Angeli quandoque sit in potentia, quandoque in actu.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3301 Secundo, utrum Angelus possit simul intelligere multa. Tertio,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3302 utrum intelligat discurrendo. Quarto, utrum intelligat componendo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3303 et dividendo. Quinto, utrum in intellectu Angeli possit esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3304 falsitas. Sexto, utrum cognitio Angeli possit dici matutina et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3305 vespertina. Septimo, utrum sit eadem cognitio matutina et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3306 vespertina, vel diversae.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3307 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3308 <div class="E">Articulus 1</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3309 <p title="I q. 58 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="30805"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3310 "ref">[30805] Iª q. 58 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad primum sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3311 proceditur. Videtur quod intellectus Angeli quandoque sit in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3312 potentia. Motus enim est actus existentis in potentia, ut dicitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3313 III Physic. Sed mentes angelicae intelligendo moventur, ut dicit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3314 Dionysius, IV cap. de Div. Nom. Ergo mentes angelicae quandoque
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3315 sunt in potentia.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3316 <p title="I q. 58 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="30806"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3317 "ref">[30806] Iª q. 58 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea, cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3318 desiderium sit rei non habitae, possibilis tamen haberi, quicumque
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3319 desiderat aliquid intelligere, est in potentia ad illud. Sed I
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3320 Petri I, dicitur, <i>in quem desiderant Angeli prospicere</i>. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3321 intellectus Angeli quandoque est in potentia.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3322 <p title="I q. 58 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="30807"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3323 "ref">[30807] Iª q. 58 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea, in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3324 libro de causis dicitur quod intelligentia intelligit secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3325 modum suae substantiae. Sed substantia Angeli habet aliquid de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3326 potentia permixtum. Ergo quandoque intelligit in potentia.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3327 <p title="I q. 58 a. 1 s. c."><a name="30808"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3328 "ref">[30808] Iª q. 58 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3329 quod Augustinus dicit, II super Gen. ad Litt., quod <i>Angeli, ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3330 quo creati sunt, ipsa verbi aeternitate, sancta et pia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3331 contemplatione perfruuntur</i>. Sed intellectus contemplans non est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3332 in potentia, sed in actu. Ergo intellectus Angeli non est in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3333 potentia.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3334 <p title="I q. 58 a. 1 co."><a name="30809"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3335 "ref">[30809] Iª q. 58 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3336 quod, sicut philosophus dicit, in III de anima et in VIII Physic.,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3337 intellectus dupliciter est in potentia, uno modo, sicut ante
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3338 addiscere vel invenire, idest antequam habeat habitum scientiae;
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3339 alio modo dicitur esse in potentia, sicut cum iam habet habitum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3340 scientiae, sed non considerat. Primo igitur modo, intellectus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3341 Angeli nunquam est in potentia respectu eorum ad quae eius cognitio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3342 naturalis se extendere potest. Sicut enim corpora superiora,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3343 scilicet caelestia, non habent potentiam ad esse, quae non sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3344 completa per actum; ita caelestes intellectus, scilicet Angeli, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3345 habent aliquam intelligibilem potentiam, quae non sit totaliter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3346 completa per species intelligibiles connaturales eis. Sed quantum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3347 ad ea quae eis divinitus revelantur, nihil prohibet intellectus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3348 eorum esse in potentia, quia sic etiam corpora caelestia sunt in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3349 potentia quandoque ut illuminentur a sole. Secundo vero modo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3350 intellectus Angeli potest esse in potentia ad ea quae cognoscit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3351 naturali cognitione, non enim omnia quae naturali cognitione
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3352 cognoscit, semper actu considerat. Sed ad cognitionem verbi, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3353 eorum quae in verbo videt, nunquam hoc modo est in potentia, quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3354 semper actu intuetur verbum, et ea quae in verbo videt. In hac enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3355 visione eorum beatitudo consistit, beatitudo autem non consistit in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3356 habitu, sed in actu, ut dicit philosophus, in I Ethic.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3357 <p title="I q. 58 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="30810"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3358 "ref">[30810] Iª q. 58 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3359 dicendum quod motus ibi non sumitur secundum quod est actus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3360 imperfecti, idest existentis in potentia; sed secundum quod est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3361 actus perfecti, idest existentis in actu. Sic enim intelligere et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3362 sentire dicuntur motus, ut dicitur in III de anima.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3363 <p title="I q. 58 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="30811"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3364 "ref">[30811] Iª q. 58 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3365 dicendum quod desiderium illud Angelorum non excludit rem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3366 desideratam, sed eius fastidium. Vel dicuntur desiderare Dei
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3367 visionem, quantum ad novas revelationes, quas pro opportunitate
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3368 negotiorum a Deo recipiunt.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3369 <p title="I q. 58 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="30812"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3370 "ref">[30812] Iª q. 58 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3371 dicendum quod in substantia Angeli non est aliqua potentia denudata
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3372 ab actu. Et similiter nec intellectus Angeli sic est in potentia,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3373 quod sit absque actu.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3374 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3375 <div class="E">Articulus 2</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3376 <p title="I q. 58 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="30813"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3377 "ref">[30813] Iª q. 58 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad secundum sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3378 proceditur. Videtur quod Angelus non possit simul multa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3379 intelligere. Dicit enim philosophus, II Topic., quod <i>contingit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3380 multa scire, sed unum tantum intelligere</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3381 <p title="I q. 58 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="30814"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3382 "ref">[30814] Iª q. 58 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea, nihil
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3383 intelligitur nisi secundum quod intellectus formatur per speciem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3384 intelligibilem, sicut corpus formatur per figuram. Sed unum corpus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3385 non potest formari diversis figuris. Ergo unus intellectus non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3386 potest simul intelligere diversa intelligibilia.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3387 <p title="I q. 58 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="30815"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3388 "ref">[30815] Iª q. 58 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3389 intelligere est motus quidam. Nullus autem motus terminatur ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3390 diversos terminos. Ergo non contingit simul multa intelligere.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3391 <p title="I q. 58 a. 2 s. c."><a name="30816"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3392 "ref">[30816] Iª q. 58 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3393 quod dicit Augustinus, IV Sup. Gen. ad Litt., <i>potentia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3394 spiritualis mentis angelicae cuncta quae voluerit, facillime simul
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3395 comprehendit</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3396 <p title="I q. 58 a. 2 co."><a name="30817"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3397 "ref">[30817] Iª q. 58 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3398 quod, sicut ad unitatem motus requiritur unitas termini, ita ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3399 unitatem operationis requiritur unitas obiecti. Contingit autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3400 aliqua accipi ut plura, et ut unum; sicut partes alicuius continui.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3401 Si enim unaquaeque per se accipiatur, plures sunt, unde et non una
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3402 operatione, nec simul accipiuntur per sensum et intellectum. Alio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3403 modo accipiuntur secundum quod sunt unum in toto, et sic simul et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3404 una operatione cognoscuntur tam per sensum quam per intellectum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3405 dum totum continuum consideratur, ut dicitur in III de anima. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3406 sic etiam intellectus noster simul intelligit subiectum et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3407 praedicatum, prout sunt partes unius propositionis; et duo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3408 comparata, secundum quod conveniunt in una comparatione. Ex quo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3409 patet quod multa, secundum quod sunt distincta, non possunt simul
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3410 intelligi; sed secundum quod uniuntur in uno intelligibili, sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3411 simul intelliguntur. Unumquodque autem est intelligibile in actu,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3412 secundum quod eius similitudo est in intellectu. Quaecumque igitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3413 per unam speciem intelligibilem cognosci possunt, cognoscuntur ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3414 unum intelligibile; et ideo simul cognoscuntur. Quae vero per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3415 diversas species intelligibiles cognoscuntur, ut diversa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3416 intelligibilia capiuntur. Angeli igitur ea cognitione qua
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3417 cognoscunt res per verbum, omnia cognoscunt una intelligibili
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3418 specie, quae est essentia divina. Et ideo quantum ad talem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3419 cognitionem, omnia simul cognoscunt, sicut et in patria <i>non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3420 erunt volubiles nostrae cogitationes, ab aliis in alia euntes atque
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3421 redeuntes, sed omnem scientiam nostram simul uno conspectu
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3422 videbimus</i>, ut Augustinus dicit in XV de Trin. Ea vero
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3423 cognitione qua cognoscunt res per species innatas, omnia illa simul
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3424 possunt intelligere, quae una specie cognoscuntur; non autem illa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3425 quae diversis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3426 <p title="I q. 58 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="30818"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3427 "ref">[30818] Iª q. 58 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3428 dicendum quod intelligere multa ut unum, est quodammodo unum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3429 intelligere.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3430 <p title="I q. 58 a. 2 ad 2"><a name="30819"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3431 "ref">[30819] Iª q. 58 a. 2 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3432 dicendum quod intellectus formatur per intelligibilem speciem quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3433 apud se habet. Et ideo sic potest una specie intelligibili multa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3434 simul intelligibilia intueri, sicut unum corpus per unam figuram
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3435 potest simul multis corporibus assimilari.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3436 <p title="I q. 58 a. 2 ad 3"><a name="30820"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3437 "ref">[30820] Iª q. 58 a. 2 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3438 dicendum sicut ad primum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3439 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3440 <div class="E">Articulus 3</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3441 <p title="I q. 58 a. 3 arg. 1"><a name="30821"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3442 "ref">[30821] Iª q. 58 a. 3 arg. 1</span></a> Ad tertium sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3443 proceditur. Videtur quod Angelus cognoscat discurrendo. Discursus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3444 enim intellectus attenditur secundum hoc, quod unum per aliud
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3445 cognoscitur. Sed Angeli cognoscunt unum per aliud, cognoscunt enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3446 creaturas per verbum. Ergo intellectus Angeli cognoscit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3447 discurrendo.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3448 <p title="I q. 58 a. 3 arg. 2"><a name="30822"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3449 "ref">[30822] Iª q. 58 a. 3 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3450 quidquid potest virtus inferior, potest et virtus superior. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3451 intellectus humanus potest syllogizare, et in effectibus causas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3452 cognoscere, secundum quae discursus attenditur. Ergo intellectus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3453 Angeli, qui superior est ordine naturae, multo magis hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3454 potest.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3455 <p title="I q. 58 a. 3 arg. 3"><a name="30823"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3456 "ref">[30823] Iª q. 58 a. 3 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3457 Isidorus dicit quod Daemones per experientiam multa cognoscunt. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3458 experimentalis cognitio est discursiva, <i>ex multis enim memoriis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3459 fit unum experimentum, et ex multis experimentis fit unum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3460 universale</i>, ut dicitur in fine Poster., et in principio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3461 Metaphys. Ergo cognitio Angelorum est discursiva.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3462 <p title="I q. 58 a. 3 s. c."><a name="30824"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3463 "ref">[30824] Iª q. 58 a. 3 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3464 quod Dionysius dicit, VII cap. de Div. Nom., quod <i>Angeli non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3465 congregant divinam cognitionem a sermonibus diffusis, neque ab
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3466 aliquo communi ad ista specialia simul aguntur</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3467 <p title="I q. 58 a. 3 co."><a name="30825"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3468 "ref">[30825] Iª q. 58 a. 3 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3469 quod, sicut saepius dictum est, Angeli illum gradum tenent in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3470 substantiis spiritualibus, quem corpora caelestia in substantiis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3471 corporeis, nam et caelestes mentes a Dionysio dicuntur. Est autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3472 haec differentia inter caelestia et terrena corpora, quod corpora
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3473 terrena per mutationem et motum adipiscuntur suam ultimam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3474 perfectionem, corpora vero caelestia statim, ex ipsa sua natura,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3475 suam ultimam perfectionem habent. Sic igitur et inferiores
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3476 intellectus, scilicet hominum, per quendam motum et discursum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3477 intellectualis operationis perfectionem in cognitione veritatis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3478 adipiscuntur; dum scilicet ex uno cognito in aliud cognitum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3479 procedunt. Si autem statim in ipsa cognitione principii noti,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3480 inspicerent quasi notas omnes conclusiones consequentes, in eis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3481 discursus locum non haberet. Et hoc est in Angelis, quia statim in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3482 illis quae primo naturaliter cognoscunt, inspiciunt omnia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3483 quaecumque in eis cognosci possunt. Et ideo dicuntur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3484 intellectuales, quia etiam apud nos, ea quae statim naturaliter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3485 apprehenduntur, intelligi dicuntur; unde intellectus dicitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3486 habitus primorum principiorum. Animae vero humanae, quae veritatis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3487 notitiam per quendam discursum acquirunt, rationales vocantur. Quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3488 quidem contingit ex debilitate intellectualis luminis in eis. Si
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3489 enim haberent plenitudinem intellectualis luminis, sicut Angeli,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3490 statim in primo aspectu principiorum totam virtutem eorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3491 comprehenderent, intuendo quidquid ex eis syllogizari posset.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3492 <p title="I q. 58 a. 3 ad 1"><a name="30826"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3493 "ref">[30826] Iª q. 58 a. 3 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3494 dicendum quod discursus quendam motum nominat. Omnis autem motus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3495 est de uno priori in aliud posterius. Unde discursiva cognitio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3496 attenditur secundum quod ex aliquo prius noto devenitur in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3497 cognitionem alterius posterius noti, quod prius erat ignotum. Si
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3498 autem in uno inspecto simul aliud inspiciatur, sicut in speculo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3499 inspicitur simul imago rei et res; non est propter hoc cognitio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3500 discursiva. Et hoc modo cognoscunt Angeli res in verbo.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3501 <p title="I q. 58 a. 3 ad 2"><a name="30827"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3502 "ref">[30827] Iª q. 58 a. 3 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3503 dicendum quod Angeli syllogizare possunt, tanquam syllogismum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3504 cognoscentes; et in causis effectus vident, et in effectibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3505 causas, non tamen ita quod cognitionem veritatis ignotae acquirant
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3506 syllogizando ex causis in causata, et ex causatis in causas.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3507 <p title="I q. 58 a. 3 ad 3"><a name="30828"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3508 "ref">[30828] Iª q. 58 a. 3 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3509 dicendum quod experientia in Angelis et Daemonibus dicitur secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3510 quandam similitudinem, prout scilicet cognoscunt sensibilia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3511 praesentia; tamen absque omni discursu.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3512 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3513 <div class="E">Articulus 4</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3514 <p title="I q. 58 a. 4 arg. 1"><a name="30829"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3515 "ref">[30829] Iª q. 58 a. 4 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quartum sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3516 proceditur. Videtur quod Angeli intelligant componendo et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3517 dividendo. Ubi enim est multitudo intellectuum, ibi est compositio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3518 intellectuum, ut dicitur in III de anima. Sed in intellectu Angeli
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3519 est multitudo intellectuum, cum per diversas species diversa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3520 intelligat, et non omnia simul. Ergo in intellectu Angeli est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3521 compositio et divisio.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3522 <p title="I q. 58 a. 4 arg. 2"><a name="30830"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3523 "ref">[30830] Iª q. 58 a. 4 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea, plus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3524 distat negatio ab affirmatione, quam quaecumque duae naturae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3525 oppositae, quia prima distinctio est per affirmationem et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3526 negationem. Sed aliquas naturas distantes Angelus non cognoscit per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3527 unum, sed per diversas species, ut ex dictis patet. Ergo oportet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3528 quod affirmationem et negationem cognoscat per diversa. Et ita
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3529 videtur quod Angelus intelligat componendo et dividendo.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3530 <p title="I q. 58 a. 4 arg. 3"><a name="30831"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3531 "ref">[30831] Iª q. 58 a. 4 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3532 locutio est signum intellectus. Sed Angeli hominibus loquentes,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3533 proferunt affirmativas et negativas enuntiationes, quae sunt signa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3534 compositionis et divisionis in intellectu; ut ex multis locis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3535 sacrae Scripturae apparet. Ergo videtur quod Angelus intelligat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3536 componendo et dividendo.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3537 <p title="I q. 58 a. 4 s. c."><a name="30832"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3538 "ref">[30832] Iª q. 58 a. 4 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3539 quod Dionysius dicit, VII cap. de Div. Nom., quod <i>virtus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3540 intellectualis Angelorum resplendet conspicaci divinorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3541 intellectuum simplicitate</i>. Sed simplex intelligentia est sine
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3542 compositione et divisione, ut dicitur in III de anima. Ergo Angelus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3543 intelligit sine compositione et divisione.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3544 <p title="I q. 58 a. 4 co."><a name="30833"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3545 "ref">[30833] Iª q. 58 a. 4 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3546 quod, sicut in intellectu ratiocinante comparatur conclusio ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3547 principium, ita in intellectu componente et dividente comparatur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3548 praedicatum ad subiectum. Si enim intellectus statim in ipso
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3549 principio videret conclusionis veritatem, nunquam intelligeret
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3550 discurrendo vel ratiocinando. Similiter si intellectus statim in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3551 apprehensione quidditatis subiecti, haberet notitiam de omnibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3552 quae possunt attribui subiecto vel removeri ab eo, nunquam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3553 intelligeret componendo et dividendo, sed solum intelligendo quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3554 quid est. Sic igitur patet quod ex eodem provenit quod intellectus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3555 noster intelligit discurrendo, et componendo et dividendo, ex hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3556 scilicet, quod non statim in prima apprehensione alicuius primi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3557 apprehensi, potest inspicere quidquid in eo virtute continetur.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3558 Quod contingit ex debilitate luminis intellectualis in nobis, sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3559 dictum est. Unde cum in Angelo sit lumen intellectuale perfectum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3560 cum sit speculum purum et clarissimum, ut dicit Dionysius, IV cap.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3561 de Div. Nom.; relinquitur quod Angelus, sicut non intelligit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3562 ratiocinando, ita non intelligit componendo et dividendo.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3563 Nihilominus tamen compositionem et divisionem enuntiationum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3564 intelligit, sicut et ratiocinationem syllogismorum, intelligit enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3565 composita simpliciter, et mobilia immobiliter, et materialia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3566 immaterialiter.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3567 <p title="I q. 58 a. 4 ad 1"><a name="30834"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3568 "ref">[30834] Iª q. 58 a. 4 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3569 dicendum quod non qualiscumque multitudo intellectuum compositionem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3570 causat, sed multitudo illorum intellectuum quorum unum attribuitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3571 alteri, vel removetur ab altero. Angelus autem, intelligendo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3572 quidditatem alicuius rei, simul intelligit quidquid ei attribui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3573 potest vel removeri ab ea. Unde intelligendo quod quid est,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3574 intelligit quidquid nos intelligere possumus et componendo et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3575 dividendo, per unum suum simplicem intellectum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3576 <p title="I q. 58 a. 4 ad 2"><a name="30835"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3577 "ref">[30835] Iª q. 58 a. 4 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3578 dicendum quod diversae quidditates rerum minus differunt, quantum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3579 ad rationem existendi, quam affirmatio et negatio. Tamen quantum ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3580 rationem cognoscendi, affirmatio et negatio magis conveniunt, quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3581 statim per hoc quod cognoscitur veritas affirmationis, cognoscitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3582 falsitas negationis oppositae.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3583 <p title="I q. 58 a. 4 ad 3"><a name="30836"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3584 "ref">[30836] Iª q. 58 a. 4 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3585 dicendum quod hoc quod Angeli loquuntur enuntiationes affirmativas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3586 et negativas, manifestat quod Angeli cognoscunt compositionem et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3587 divisionem, non autem quod cognoscant componendo et dividendo, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3588 simpliciter cognoscendo quod quid est.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3589 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3590 <div class="E">Articulus 5</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3591 <p title="I q. 58 a. 5 arg. 1"><a name="30837"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3592 "ref">[30837] Iª q. 58 a. 5 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quintum sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3593 proceditur. Videtur quod in intellectu Angeli possit esse falsitas.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3594 Protervitas enim ad falsitatem pertinet. Sed in Daemonibus est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3595 phantasia proterva, ut dicit Dionysius, IV cap. de Div. Nom. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3596 videtur quod in Angelorum intellectu possit esse falsitas.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3597 <p title="I q. 58 a. 5 arg. 2"><a name="30838"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3598 "ref">[30838] Iª q. 58 a. 5 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3599 nescientia est causa falsae aestimationis. Sed in Angelis potest
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3600 esse nescientia, ut Dionysius dicit, VI cap. Eccles. Hier. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3601 videtur quod in eis possit esse falsitas.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3602 <p title="I q. 58 a. 5 arg. 3"><a name="30839"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3603 "ref">[30839] Iª q. 58 a. 5 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea, omne
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3604 quod cadit a veritate sapientiae, et habet rationem depravatam,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3605 habet falsitatem vel errorem in suo intellectu. Sed hoc Dionysius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3606 dicit de Daemonibus, VII cap. de Div. Nom. Ergo videtur quod in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3607 intellectu Angelorum possit esse falsitas.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3608 <p title="I q. 58 a. 5 s. c."><a name="30840"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3609 "ref">[30840] Iª q. 58 a. 5 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3610 philosophus dicit, III de anima, quod <i>intellectus semper verus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3611 est</i>. Augustinus etiam dicit, in libro octoginta trium quaest.,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3612 quod <i>nihil intelligitur nisi verum</i>. Sed Angeli non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3613 cognoscunt aliquid nisi intelligendo. Ergo in Angeli cognitione non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3614 potest esse deceptio et falsitas.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3615 <p title="I q. 58 a. 5 co."><a name="30841"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3616 "ref">[30841] Iª q. 58 a. 5 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3617 quod huius quaestionis veritas aliquatenus ex praemissa dependet.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3618 Dictum est enim quod Angelus non intelligit componendo et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3619 dividendo, sed intelligendo quod quid est. Intellectus autem circa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3620 quod quid est semper verus est, sicut et sensus circa proprium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3621 obiectum, ut dicitur in III de anima. Sed per accidens in nobis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3622 accidit deceptio et falsitas intelligendo quod quid est, scilicet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3623 secundum rationem alicuius compositionis, vel cum definitionem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3624 unius rei accipimus ut definitionem alterius; vel cum partes
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3625 definitionis sibi non cohaerent, sicut si accipiatur pro
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3626 definitione alicuius rei, animal quadrupes volatile (nullum enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3627 animal tale est); et hoc quidem accidit in compositis, quorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3628 definitio ex diversis sumitur, quorum unum est materiale ad aliud.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3629 Sed intelligendo quidditates simplices, ut dicitur in IX Metaphys.,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3630 non est falsitas, quia vel totaliter non attinguntur, et nihil
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3631 intelligimus de eis; vel cognoscuntur ut sunt. Sic igitur per se
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3632 non potest esse falsitas aut error aut deceptio in intellectu
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3633 alicuius Angeli; sed per accidens contingit. Alio tamen modo quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3634 in nobis. Nam nos componendo et dividendo quandoque ad intellectum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3635 quidditatis pervenimus, sicut cum dividendo vel demonstrando
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3636 definitionem investigamus. Quod quidem in Angelis non contingit;
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3637 sed per quod quid est rei cognoscunt omnes enuntiationes ad illam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3638 rem pertinentes. Manifestum est autem quod quidditas rei potest
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3639 esse principium cognoscendi respectu eorum quae naturaliter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3640 conveniunt rei vel ab ea removentur, non autem eorum quae a
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3641 supernaturali Dei ordinatione dependent. Angeli igitur boni,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3642 habentes rectam voluntatem, per cognitionem quidditatis rei non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3643 iudicant de his quae naturaliter ad rem pertinent, nisi salva
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3644 ordinatione divina. Unde in eis non potest esse falsitas aut error.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3645 Daemones vero, per voluntatem perversam subducentes intellectum a
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3646 divina sapientia, absolute interdum de rebus iudicant secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3647 naturalem conditionem. Et in his quae naturaliter ad rem pertinent,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3648 non decipiuntur. Sed decipi possunt quantum ad ea quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3649 supernaturalia sunt, sicut si considerans hominem mortuum, iudicet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3650 eum non resurrecturum; et si videns hominem Christum, iudicet eum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3651 non esse Deum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3652 <p title="I q. 58 a. 5 ad 1"><a name="30842"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3653 "ref">[30842] Iª q. 58 a. 5 ad 1</span></a> Et per hoc patet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3654 responsio ad ea quae utrinque obiiciuntur. Nam protervitas Daemonum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3655 est secundum quod non subduntur divinae sapientiae. Nescientia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3656 autem est in Angelis, non respectu naturalium cognoscibilium, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3657 supernaturalium. Patet etiam quod intellectus eius quod quid est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3658 semper est verus, nisi per accidens, secundum quod indebite
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3659 ordinatur ad aliquam compositionem vel divisionem.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3660 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3661 <div class="E">Articulus 6</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3662 <p title="I q. 58 a. 6 arg. 1"><a name="30843"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3663 "ref">[30843] Iª q. 58 a. 6 arg. 1</span></a> Ad sextum sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3664 proceditur. Videtur quod in Angelis non sit vespertina neque
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3665 matutina cognitio. Vespere enim et mane admixtionem tenebrarum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3666 habent. Sed in cognitione Angeli non est aliqua tenebrositas; cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3667 non sit ibi error vel falsitas. Ergo cognitio Angeli non debet dici
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3668 matutina vel vespertina.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3669 <p title="I q. 58 a. 6 arg. 2"><a name="30844"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3670 "ref">[30844] Iª q. 58 a. 6 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea, inter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3671 vespere et mane cadit nox; et inter mane et vespere cadit meridies.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3672 Si igitur in Angelis cadit cognitio matutina et vespertina, pari
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3673 ratione videtur quod in eis debeat esse meridiana et nocturna
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3674 cognitio.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3675 <p title="I q. 58 a. 6 arg. 3"><a name="30845"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3676 "ref">[30845] Iª q. 58 a. 6 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3677 cognitio distinguitur secundum differentiam cognitorum, unde in III
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3678 de anima dicit philosophus quod <i>scientiae secantur quemadmodum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3679 et res</i>. Triplex autem est esse rerum, scilicet in verbo, in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3680 propria natura, et in intelligentia angelica, ut Augustinus dicit,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3681 II super Gen. ad Litt. Ergo, si ponatur cognitio matutina in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3682 Angelis et vespertina, propter esse rerum in verbo et in propria
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3683 natura; debet etiam in eis poni tertia cognitio, propter esse rerum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3684 in intelligentia angelica.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3685 <p title="I q. 58 a. 6 s. c."><a name="30846"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3686 "ref">[30846] Iª q. 58 a. 6 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3687 quod Augustinus, IV super Gen. ad Litt., et XI de Civ. Dei,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3688 distinguit cognitionem Angelorum per matutinam et vespertinam.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3689 <p title="I q. 58 a. 6 co."><a name="30847"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3690 "ref">[30847] Iª q. 58 a. 6 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3691 quod hoc quod dicitur de cognitione matutina et vespertina in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3692 Angelis, introductum est ab Augustino, qui sex dies in quibus Deus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3693 legitur fecisse cuncta, Gen. I, intelligi vult non hos usitatos
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3694 dies qui solis circuitu peraguntur, cum sol quarto die factus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3695 legatur; sed unum diem, scilicet cognitionem angelicam sex rerum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3696 generibus praesentatam. Sicut autem in die consueto mane est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3697 principium diei, vespere autem terminus, ita cognitio ipsius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3698 primordialis esse rerum, dicitur cognitio matutina, et haec est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3699 secundum quod res sunt in verbo. Cognitio autem ipsius esse rei
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3700 creatae secundum quod in propria natura consistit, dicitur cognitio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3701 vespertina, nam esse rerum fluit a verbo sicut a quodam primordiali
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3702 principio, et hic effluxus terminatur ad esse rerum quod in propria
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3703 natura habent.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3704 <p title="I q. 58 a. 6 ad 1"><a name="30848"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3705 "ref">[30848] Iª q. 58 a. 6 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3706 dicendum quod vespere et mane non accipiuntur in cognitione
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3707 angelica secundum similitudinem ad admixtionem tenebrarum; sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3708 secundum similitudinem principii et termini. Vel dicendum quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3709 nihil prohibet, ut dicit Augustinus IV super Gen. ad Litt., aliquid
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3710 in comparatione ad unum dici lux, et in comparatione ad aliud dici
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3711 tenebra. Sicut vita fidelium et iustorum, in comparatione ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3712 impios, dicitur lux, secundum illud Ephes. V, <i>fuistis aliquando
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3713 tenebrae, nunc autem lux in domino</i>; quae tamen vita fidelium,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3714 in comparatione ad vitam gloriae, tenebrosa dicitur, secundum illud
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3715 II Petri I, <i>habetis propheticum sermonem, cui bene facitis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3716 attendentes quasi lucernae lucenti in caliginoso loco</i>. Sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3717 igitur cognitio Angeli qua cognoscit res in propria natura, dies
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3718 est per comparationem ad ignorantiam vel errorem, sed obscura est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3719 per comparationem ad visionem verbi.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3720 <p title="I q. 58 a. 6 ad 2"><a name="30849"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3721 "ref">[30849] Iª q. 58 a. 6 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3722 dicendum quod matutina et vespertina cognitio ad diem pertinet,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3723 idest ad Angelos illuminatos, qui sunt distincti a tenebris, idest
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3724 a malis Angelis. Angeli autem boni, cognoscentes creaturam, non in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3725 ea figuntur, quod esset tenebrescere et noctem fieri; sed hoc ipsum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3726 referunt ad laudem Dei, in quo sicut in principio omnia cognoscunt.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3727 Et ideo post vesperam non ponitur nox, sed mane, ita quod mane sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3728 finis praecedentis diei et principium sequentis, inquantum Angeli
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3729 cognitionem praecedentis operis ad laudem Dei referunt. Meridies
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3730 autem sub nomine diei comprehenditur, quasi medium inter duo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3731 extrema. Vel potest meridies referri ad cognitionem ipsius Dei, qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3732 non habet principium nec finem.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3733 <p title="I q. 58 a. 6 ad 3"><a name="30850"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3734 "ref">[30850] Iª q. 58 a. 6 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3735 dicendum quod etiam ipsi Angeli creaturae sunt. Unde esse rerum in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3736 intelligentia angelica comprehenditur sub vespertina cognitione,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3737 sicut et esse rerum in propria natura.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3738 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3739 <div class="E">Articulus 7</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3740 <p title="I q. 58 a. 7 arg. 1"><a name="30851"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3741 "ref">[30851] Iª q. 58 a. 7 arg. 1</span></a> Ad septimum sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3742 proceditur. Videtur quod una sit cognitio vespertina et matutina.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3743 Dicitur enim Gen. I, <i>factum est vespere et mane dies unus</i>.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3744 Sed per diem intelligitur cognitio angelica, ut Augustinus dicit.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3745 Ergo una et eadem est cognitio in Angelis matutina et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3746 vespertina.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3747 <p title="I q. 58 a. 7 arg. 2"><a name="30852"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3748 "ref">[30852] Iª q. 58 a. 7 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3749 impossibile est unam potentiam simul duas operationes habere. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3750 Angeli semper sunt in actu cognitionis matutinae, quia semper
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3751 vident Deum et res in Deo, secundum illud Matth. XVIII, <i>Angeli
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3752 eorum semper vident faciem patris mei</i> et cetera. Ergo, si
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3753 cognitio vespertina esset alia a matutina, nullo modo Angelus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3754 posset esse in actu cognitionis vespertinae.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3755 <p title="I q. 58 a. 7 arg. 3"><a name="30853"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3756 "ref">[30853] Iª q. 58 a. 7 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3757 apostolus dicit, I Cor. XIII, <i>cum venerit quod perfectum est,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3758 evacuabitur quod ex parte est</i>. Sed si cognitio vespertina sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3759 alia a matutina, comparatur ad ipsam sicut imperfectum ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3760 perfectum. Ergo non poterit simul vespertina cognitio esse cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3761 matutina.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3762 <p title="I q. 58 a. 7 s. c."><a name="30854"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3763 "ref">[30854] Iª q. 58 a. 7 s. c.</span></a> In contrarium est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3764 quod dicit Augustinus, IV super Gen. ad Litt., <i>quod multum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3765 interest inter cognitionem rei cuiuscumque in verbo Dei, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3766 cognitionem eius in natura eius, ut illud merito pertineat ad diem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3767 hoc ad vesperam</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3768 <p title="I q. 58 a. 7 co."><a name="30855"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3769 "ref">[30855] Iª q. 58 a. 7 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3770 quod, sicut dictum est, cognitio vespertina dicitur, qua Angeli
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3771 cognoscunt res in propria natura. Quod non potest ita intelligi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3772 quasi ex propria rerum natura cognitionem accipiant, ut haec
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3773 praepositio in indicet habitudinem principii, quia non accipiunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3774 Angeli cognitionem a rebus, ut supra habitum est. Relinquitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3775 igitur quod hoc quod dicitur in propria natura, accipiatur secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3776 rationem cogniti, secundum quod subest cognitioni; ut scilicet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3777 cognitio vespertina in Angelis dicatur secundum quod cognoscunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3778 esse rerum quod habent res in propria natura. Quod quidem per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3779 duplex medium cognoscunt, scilicet per species innatas, et per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3780 rationes rerum in verbo existentes. Non enim, videndo verbum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3781 cognoscunt solum illud esse rerum quod habent in verbo; sed illud
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3782 esse quod habent in propria natura; sicut Deus per hoc quod videt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3783 se, cognoscit esse rerum quod habent in propria natura. Si ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3784 dicatur cognitio vespertina secundum quod cognoscunt esse rerum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3785 quod habent in propria natura, videndo verbum; sic una et eadem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3786 secundum essentiam est cognitio vespertina et matutina, differens
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3787 solum secundum cognita. Si vero cognitio vespertina dicatur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3788 secundum quod Angeli cognoscunt esse rerum quod habent in propria
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3789 natura, per formas innatas; sic alia est cognitio vespertina et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3790 matutina. Et ita videtur intelligere Augustinus, cum unam ponat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3791 imperfectam respectu alterius.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3792 <p title="I q. 58 a. 7 ad 1"><a name="30856"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3793 "ref">[30856] Iª q. 58 a. 7 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3794 dicendum quod, sicut numerus sex dierum, secundum intellectum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3795 Augustini, accipitur secundum sex genera rerum quae cognoscuntur ab
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3796 Angelis; ita unitas diei accipitur secundum unitatem rei cognitae,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3797 quae tamen diversis cognitionibus cognosci potest.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3798 <p title="I q. 58 a. 7 ad 2"><a name="30857"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3799 "ref">[30857] Iª q. 58 a. 7 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3800 dicendum quod duae operationes possunt simul esse unius potentiae,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3801 quarum una ad aliam refertur; ut patet cum voluntas simul vult et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3802 finem et ea quae sunt ad finem, et intellectus simul intelligit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3803 principia et conclusiones per principia, quando iam scientiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3804 acquisivit. Cognitio autem vespertina in Angelis refertur ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3805 matutinam, ut Augustinus dicit. Unde nihil prohibet utramque simul
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3806 esse in Angelis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3807 <p title="I q. 58 a. 7 ad 3"><a name="30858"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3808 "ref">[30858] Iª q. 58 a. 7 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3809 dicendum quod, veniente perfecto, evacuatur imperfectum quod ei
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3810 opponitur, sicut fides, quae est eorum quae non videntur, evacuatur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3811 visione veniente. Sed imperfectio vespertinae cognitionis non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3812 opponitur perfectioni matutinae. Quod enim cognoscatur aliquid in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3813 seipso, non est oppositum ei quod cognoscatur in sua causa. Nec
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3814 iterum quod aliquid cognoscatur per duo media, quorum unum est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3815 perfectius et aliud imperfectius, aliquid repugnans habet, sicut ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3816 eandem conclusionem habere possumus et medium demonstrativum et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3817 dialecticum. Et similiter eadem res potest sciri ab Angelo per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3818 verbum increatum, et per speciem innatam.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3819 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3820 <div class="D">Quaestio 59</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3821 <div class="G">Prooemium</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3822 <p title="I q. 59 pr."><a name="30859"><span class="ref">[30859]
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3823 Iª q. 59 pr.</span></a> Consequenter considerandum est de his
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3824 quae pertinent ad voluntatem Angelorum. Et primo considerabimus de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3825 ipsa voluntate secundo, de motu eius, qui est amor sive dilectio.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3826 Circa primum quaeruntur quatuor. Primo, utrum in Angelis sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3827 voluntas. Secundo, utrum voluntas Angeli sit ipsa natura eorum, vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3828 etiam ipse intellectus eorum. Tertio, utrum in Angelis sit liberum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3829 arbitrium. Quarto, utrum in eis sit irascibilis et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3830 concupiscibilis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3831 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3832 <div class="E">Articulus 1</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3833 <p title="I q. 59 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="30860"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3834 "ref">[30860] Iª q. 59 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad primum sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3835 proceditur. Videtur quod in Angelis non sit voluntas. Quia, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3836 dicit philosophus, in III de anima, <i>voluntas in ratione est</i>.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3837 Sed in Angelis non est ratio, sed aliquid superius ratione. Ergo in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3838 Angelis non est voluntas, sed aliquid superius voluntate.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3839 <p title="I q. 59 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="30861"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3840 "ref">[30861] Iª q. 59 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3841 voluntas sub appetitu continetur, ut patet per philosophum, in III
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3842 de anima. Sed appetitus est imperfecti, est enim eius quod nondum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3843 habetur. Cum igitur in Angelis, maxime in beatis, non sit aliqua
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3844 imperfectio, videtur quod non sit in eis voluntas.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3845 <p title="I q. 59 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="30862"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3846 "ref">[30862] Iª q. 59 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3847 philosophus dicit, in III de anima, quod voluntas est movens motum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3848 movetur enim ab appetibili intellecto. Sed Angeli sunt immobiles;
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3849 cum sint incorporei. Ergo in Angelis non est voluntas.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3850 <p title="I q. 59 a. 1 s. c."><a name="30863"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3851 "ref">[30863] Iª q. 59 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3852 quod Augustinus dicit, X Lib. de Trin., quod imago Trinitatis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3853 invenitur in mente secundum memoriam, intelligentiam et voluntatem.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3854 Imago autem Dei invenitur non solum in mente humana, sed etiam in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3855 mente angelica; cum etiam mens angelica sit capax Dei. Ergo in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3856 Angelis est voluntas.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3857 <p title="I q. 59 a. 1 co."><a name="30864"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3858 "ref">[30864] Iª q. 59 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3859 quod necesse est ponere in Angelis voluntatem. Ad cuius evidentiam,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3860 considerandum est quod, cum omnia procedant ex voluntate divina,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3861 omnia suo modo per appetitum inclinantur in bonum, sed diversimode.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3862 Quaedam enim inclinantur in bonum, per solam naturalem habitudinem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3863 absque cognitione, sicut plantae et corpora inanimata. Et talis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3864 inclinatio ad bonum vocatur appetitus naturalis. Quaedam vero ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3865 bonum inclinantur cum aliqua cognitione; non quidem sic quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3866 cognoscant ipsam rationem boni, sed cognoscunt aliquod bonum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3867 particulare; sicut sensus, qui cognoscit dulce et album et aliquid
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3868 huiusmodi. Inclinatio autem hanc cognitionem sequens, dicitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3869 appetitus sensitivus. Quaedam vero inclinantur ad bonum cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3870 cognitione qua cognoscunt ipsam boni rationem; quod est proprium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3871 intellectus. Et haec perfectissime inclinantur in bonum; non quidem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3872 quasi ab alio solummodo directa in bonum, sicut ea quae cognitione
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3873 carent; neque in bonum particulariter tantum, sicut ea in quibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3874 est sola sensitiva cognitio; sed quasi inclinata in ipsum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3875 universale bonum. Et haec inclinatio dicitur voluntas. Unde cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3876 Angeli per intellectum cognoscant ipsam universalem rationem boni,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3877 manifestum est quod in eis sit voluntas.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3878 <p title="I q. 59 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="30865"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3879 "ref">[30865] Iª q. 59 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3880 dicendum quod aliter ratio transcendit sensum, et aliter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3881 intellectus rationem. Ratio enim transcendit sensum, secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3882 diversitatem cognitorum, nam sensus est particularium, ratio vero
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3883 universalium. Et ideo oportet quod sit alius appetitus tendens in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3884 bonum universale, qui debetur rationi; et alius tendens in bonum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3885 particulare, qui debetur sensui. Sed intellectus et ratio differunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3886 quantum ad modum cognoscendi, quia scilicet intellectus cognoscit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3887 simplici intuitu, ratio vero discurrendo de uno in aliud. Sed tamen
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3888 ratio per discursum pervenit ad cognoscendum illud, quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3889 intellectus sine discursu cognoscit, scilicet universale. Idem est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3890 ergo obiectum quod appetitivae proponitur et ex parte rationis, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3891 ex parte intellectus. Unde in Angelis, qui sunt intellectuales
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3892 tantum, non est appetitus superior voluntate.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3893 <p title="I q. 59 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="30866"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3894 "ref">[30866] Iª q. 59 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3895 dicendum quod, licet nomen appetitivae partis sit sumptum ab
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3896 appetendo ea quae non habentur, tamen appetitiva pars non solum ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3897 haec se extendit, sed etiam ad multa alia. Sicut et nomen lapidis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3898 sumptum est a laesione pedis, cum tamen lapidi non hoc solum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3899 conveniat. Similiter irascibilis potentia denominatur ab ira; cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3900 tamen in ea sint plures aliae passiones, ut spes et audacia et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3901 huiusmodi.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3902 <p title="I q. 59 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="30867"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3903 "ref">[30867] Iª q. 59 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3904 dicendum quod voluntas dicitur movens motum, secundum quod velle
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3905 est motus quidam, et intelligere; cuiusmodi motum nihil prohibet in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3906 Angelis esse, quia talis motus est actus perfecti, ut dicitur in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3907 III de anima.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3908 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3909 <div class="E">Articulus 2</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3910 <p title="I q. 59 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="30868"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3911 "ref">[30868] Iª q. 59 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad secundum sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3912 proceditur. Videtur quod in Angelis non differat voluntas ab
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3913 intellectu et natura. Angelus enim est simplicior quam corpus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3914 naturale. Sed corpus naturale per suam formam inclinatur in suum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3915 finem, qui est eius bonum. Ergo multo magis Angelus. Forma autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3916 Angeli est vel natura ipsa in qua subsistit, vel species quae est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3917 in intellectu eius. Ergo Angelus inclinatur in bonum per naturam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3918 suam, et per speciem intelligibilem. Haec autem inclinatio ad bonum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3919 pertinet ad voluntatem. Voluntas igitur Angeli non est aliud quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3920 eius natura vel intellectus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3921 <p title="I q. 59 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="30869"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3922 "ref">[30869] Iª q. 59 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3923 obiectum intellectus est verum, voluntatis autem bonum. Bonum autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3924 et verum non differunt realiter, sed secundum rationem tantum. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3925 voluntas et intellectus non differunt realiter.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3926 <p title="I q. 59 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="30870"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3927 "ref">[30870] Iª q. 59 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3928 distinctio communis et proprii non diversificat potentias, eadem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3929 enim potentia visiva est coloris et albedinis. Sed bonum et verum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3930 videntur se habere sicut commune et proprium, nam verum est quoddam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3931 bonum, scilicet intellectus. Ergo voluntas, cuius obiectum est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3932 bonum, non differt ab intellectu, cuius obiectum est verum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3933 <p title="I q. 59 a. 2 s. c."><a name="30871"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3934 "ref">[30871] Iª q. 59 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3935 voluntas in Angelis est bonorum tantum. Intellectus autem est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3936 bonorum et malorum, cognoscunt enim utrumque. Ergo voluntas in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3937 Angelis est aliud quam eius intellectus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3938 <p title="I q. 59 a. 2 co."><a name="30872"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3939 "ref">[30872] Iª q. 59 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3940 quod voluntas in Angelis est quaedam virtus vel potentia, quae nec
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3941 est ipsa eorum natura, nec eorum intellectus. Et quod non sit eorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3942 natura, apparet ex hoc, quod natura vel essentia alicuius rei intra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3943 ipsam rem comprehenditur, quidquid ergo se extendit ad id quod est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3944 extra rem, non est rei essentia. Unde videmus in corporibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3945 naturalibus, quod inclinatio quae est ad esse rei, non est per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3946 aliquid superadditum essentiae; sed per materiam, quae appetit esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3947 antequam illud habeat, et per formam, quae tenet rem in esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3948 postquam fuerit. Sed inclinatio ad aliquid extrinsecum, est per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3949 aliquid essentiae superadditum, sicut inclinatio ad locum est per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3950 gravitatem vel levitatem, inclinatio autem ad faciendum sibi simile
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3951 est per qualitates activas. Voluntas autem habet inclinationem in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3952 bonum naturaliter. Unde ibi solum est idem essentia et voluntas,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3953 ubi totaliter bonum continetur in essentia volentis; scilicet in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3954 Deo, qui nihil vult extra se nisi ratione suae bonitatis. Quod de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3955 nulla creatura potest dici; cum bonum infinitum sit extra essentiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3956 cuiuslibet creati. Unde nec voluntas Angeli, nec alterius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3957 creaturae, potest esse idem quod eius essentia. Similiter nec
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3958 potest esse idem quod intellectus Angeli vel hominis. Nam cognitio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3959 fit per hoc quod cognitum est in cognoscente, unde ea ratione se
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3960 extendit eius intellectus in id quod est extra se, secundum quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3961 illud quod extra ipsum est per essentiam, natum est aliquo modo in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3962 eo esse. Voluntas vero se extendit in id quod extra se est,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3963 secundum quod quadam inclinatione quodammodo tendit in rem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3964 exteriorem. Alterius autem virtutis est, quod aliquid habeat in se
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3965 quod est extra se, et quod ipsum tendat in rem exteriorem. Et ideo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3966 oportet quod in qualibet creatura sit aliud intellectus et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3967 voluntas. Non autem in Deo, qui habet et ens universale et bonum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3968 universale in seipso. Unde tam voluntas quam intellectus est eius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3969 essentia.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3970 <p title="I q. 59 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="30873"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3971 "ref">[30873] Iª q. 59 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3972 dicendum quod corpus naturale per formam substantialem inclinatur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3973 in esse suum, sed in exterius inclinatur per aliquid additum, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3974 dictum est.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3975 <p title="I q. 59 a. 2 ad 2"><a name="30874"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3976 "ref">[30874] Iª q. 59 a. 2 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3977 dicendum quod potentiae non diversificantur secundum materialem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3978 distinctionem obiectorum, sed secundum formalem distinctionem, quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3979 attenditur secundum rationem obiecti. Et ideo diversitas secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3980 rationem boni et veri, sufficit ad diversitatem intellectus et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3981 voluntatis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3982 <p title="I q. 59 a. 2 ad 3"><a name="30875"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3983 "ref">[30875] Iª q. 59 a. 2 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3984 dicendum quod, quia bonum et verum convertuntur secundum rem, inde
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3985 est quod et bonum ab intellectu intelligitur sub ratione veri, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3986 verum a voluntate appetitur sub ratione boni. Sed tamen diversitas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3987 rationum ad diversificandum potentias sufficit, ut dictum est.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3988 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3989 <div class="E">Articulus 3</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3990 <p title="I q. 59 a. 3 arg. 1"><a name="30876"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3991 "ref">[30876] Iª q. 59 a. 3 arg. 1</span></a> Ad tertium sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3992 proceditur. Videtur quod in Angelis non sit liberum arbitrium.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3993 Actus enim liberi arbitrii est eligere. Sed electio non potest esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3994 in Angelis, cum electio sit appetitus praeconsiliati, consilium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3995 autem est inquisitio quaedam ut dicitur in III Ethic.; Angeli autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3996 non cognoscunt inquirendo, quia hoc pertinet ad discursum rationis.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3997 Ergo videtur quod in Angelis non sit liberum arbitrium.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3998 <p title="I q. 59 a. 3 arg. 2"><a name="30877"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3999 "ref">[30877] Iª q. 59 a. 3 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4000 liberum arbitrium se habet ad utrumlibet. Sed ex parte intellectus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4001 non est aliquid se habens ad utrumlibet in Angelis, quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4002 intellectus eorum non fallitur in naturalibus intelligibilibus, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4003 dictum est. Ergo nec ex parte appetitus liberum arbitrium in eis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4004 esse potest.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4005 <p title="I q. 59 a. 3 arg. 3"><a name="30878"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4006 "ref">[30878] Iª q. 59 a. 3 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea, ea
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4007 quae sunt naturalia in Angelis, conveniunt eis secundum magis et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4008 minus, quia in superioribus Angelis natura intellectualis est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4009 perfectior quam in inferioribus. Liberum autem arbitrium non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4010 recipit magis et minus. Ergo in Angelis non est liberum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4011 arbitrium.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4012 <p title="I q. 59 a. 3 s. c."><a name="30879"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4013 "ref">[30879] Iª q. 59 a. 3 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4014 libertas arbitrii ad dignitatem hominis pertinet. Sed Angeli
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4015 digniores sunt hominibus. Ergo libertas arbitrii, cum sit in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4016 hominibus, multo magis est in Angelis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4017 <p title="I q. 59 a. 3 co."><a name="30880"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4018 "ref">[30880] Iª q. 59 a. 3 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4019 quod quaedam sunt quae non agunt ex aliquo arbitrio, sed quasi ab
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4020 aliis acta et mota, sicut sagitta a sagittante movetur ad finem.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4021 Quaedam vero agunt quodam arbitrio, sed non libero, sicut animalia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4022 irrationalia, ovis enim fugit lupum ex quodam iudicio, quo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4023 existimat eum sibi noxium; sed hoc iudicium non est sibi liberum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4024 sed a natura inditum. Sed solum id quod habet intellectum, potest
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4025 agere iudicio libero, inquantum cognoscit universalem rationem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4026 boni, ex qua potest iudicare hoc vel illud esse bonum. Unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4027 ubicumque est intellectus, est liberum arbitrium. Et sic patet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4028 liberum arbitrium esse in Angelis etiam excellentius quam in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4029 hominibus, sicut et intellectum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4030 <p title="I q. 59 a. 3 ad 1"><a name="30881"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4031 "ref">[30881] Iª q. 59 a. 3 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4032 dicendum quod philosophus loquitur de electione secundum quod est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4033 hominis. Sicut autem aestimatio hominis in speculativis differt ab
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4034 aestimatione Angeli in hoc, quod una est absque inquisitione, alia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4035 vero per inquisitionem; ita et in operativis. Unde in Angelis est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4036 electio; non tamen cum inquisitiva deliberatione consilii, sed per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4037 subitam acceptionem veritatis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4038 <p title="I q. 59 a. 3 ad 2"><a name="30882"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4039 "ref">[30882] Iª q. 59 a. 3 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4040 dicendum quod, sicut dictum est, cognitio fit per hoc quod cognita
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4041 sunt in cognoscente. Ad imperfectionem autem alicuius rei pertinet,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4042 si non sit in ea id quod natum est in ea esse. Unde Angelus non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4043 esset perfectus in sua natura, si intellectus eius non esset
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4044 determinatus ad omnem veritatem quam naturaliter cognoscere potest.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4045 Sed actus appetitivae virtutis est per hoc quod affectus inclinatur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4046 ad rem exteriorem. Non autem dependet perfectio rei ex omni re ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4047 quam inclinatur, sed solum ex superiori. Et ideo non pertinet ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4048 imperfectionem Angeli, si non habet voluntatem determinatam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4049 respectu eorum quae infra ipsum sunt. Pertineret autem ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4050 imperfectionem eius, si indeterminate se haberet ad illud quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4051 supra ipsum est.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4052 <p title="I q. 59 a. 3 ad 3"><a name="30883"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4053 "ref">[30883] Iª q. 59 a. 3 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4054 dicendum quod liberum arbitrium nobiliori modo est in superioribus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4055 Angelis, quam in inferioribus, sicut et iudicium intellectus. Tamen
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4056 verum est quod ipsa libertas, secundum quod in ea consideratur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4057 quaedam remotio coactionis, non suscipit magis et minus, quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4058 privationes et negationes non remittuntur nec intenduntur per se,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4059 sed solum per suam causam, vel secundum aliquam affirmationem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4060 adiunctam.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4061 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4062 <div class="E">Articulus 4</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4063 <p title="I q. 59 a. 4 arg. 1"><a name="30884"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4064 "ref">[30884] Iª q. 59 a. 4 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quartum sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4065 proceditur. Videtur quod in Angelis sit irascibilis et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4066 concupiscibilis. Dicit enim Dionysius, IV cap. de Div. Nom., quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4067 in Daemonibus est furor irrationabilis et concupiscentia amens. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4068 Daemones eiusdem naturae sunt cum Angelis, quia peccatum non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4069 mutavit in eis naturam. Ergo in Angelis est irascibilis et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4070 concupiscibilis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4071 <p title="I q. 59 a. 4 arg. 2"><a name="30885"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4072 "ref">[30885] Iª q. 59 a. 4 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea, amor
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4073 et gaudium in concupiscibili sunt; ira vero, spes et timor in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4074 irascibili. Sed haec attribuuntur Angelis bonis et malis in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4075 Scripturis. Ergo in Angelis est irascibilis et concupiscibilis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4076 <p title="I q. 59 a. 4 arg. 3"><a name="30886"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4077 "ref">[30886] Iª q. 59 a. 4 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4078 virtutes quaedam dicuntur esse in irascibili et concupiscibili;
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4079 sicut caritas et temperantia videntur esse in concupiscibili, spes
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4080 autem et fortitudo in irascibili. Sed virtutes hae sunt in Angelis.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4081 Ergo in Angelis est concupiscibilis et irascibilis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4082 <p title="I q. 59 a. 4 s. c."><a name="30887"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4083 "ref">[30887] Iª q. 59 a. 4 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4084 quod philosophus dicit, in III de anima, quod irascibilis et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4085 concupiscibilis sunt in parte sensitiva; quae non est in Angelis.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4086 Ergo in eis non est irascibilis et concupiscibilis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4087 <p title="I q. 59 a. 4 co."><a name="30888"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4088 "ref">[30888] Iª q. 59 a. 4 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4089 quod intellectivus appetitus non dividitur per irascibilem et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4090 concupiscibilem, sed solum appetitus sensitivus. Cuius ratio est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4091 quia cum potentiae non distinguantur secundum distinctionem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4092 materialem obiectorum, sed solum secundum rationem formalem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4093 obiecti; si alicui potentiae respondeat aliquod obiectum secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4094 rationem communem, non erit distinctio potentiarum secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4095 diversitatem propriorum quae sub illo communi continentur. Sicut si
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4096 proprium obiectum potentiae visivae est color secundum rationem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4097 coloris, non distinguuntur plures potentiae visivae secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4098 differentiam albi et nigri, sed si proprium obiectum alicuius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4099 potentiae esset album inquantum album, distingueretur potentia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4100 visiva albi a potentia visiva nigri. Manifestum est autem ex dictis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4101 quod obiectum appetitus intellectivi, qui voluntas dicitur, est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4102 bonum secundum communem boni rationem, nec potest esse aliquis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4103 appetitus nisi boni. Unde in parte intellectiva appetitus non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4104 dividitur secundum distinctionem aliquorum particularium bonorum;
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4105 sicut dividitur appetitus sensitivus, qui non respicit bonum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4106 secundum communem rationem, sed quoddam particulare bonum. Unde,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4107 cum in Angelis non sit nisi appetitus intellectivus, eorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4108 appetitus non distinguitur per irascibilem et concupiscibilem, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4109 remanet indivisus; et vocatur voluntas.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4110 <p title="I q. 59 a. 4 ad 1"><a name="30889"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4111 "ref">[30889] Iª q. 59 a. 4 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4112 dicendum quod furor et concupiscentia metaphorice dicuntur esse in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4113 Daemonibus, sicut et ira quandoque Deo attribuitur, propter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4114 similitudinem effectus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4115 <p title="I q. 59 a. 4 ad 2"><a name="30890"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4116 "ref">[30890] Iª q. 59 a. 4 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4117 dicendum quod amor et gaudium, secundum quod sunt passiones, sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4118 in concupiscibili, sed secundum quod nominant simplicem voluntatis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4119 actum, sic sunt in intellectiva parte; prout amare est velle bonum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4120 alicui, et gaudere est quiescere voluntatem in aliquo bono habito.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4121 Et universaliter nihil horum dicitur de Angelis secundum passionem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4122 ut Augustinus dicit, IX de Civ. Dei.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4123 <p title="I q. 59 a. 4 ad 3"><a name="30891"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4124 "ref">[30891] Iª q. 59 a. 4 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4125 dicendum quod caritas, secundum quod est virtus, non est in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4126 concupiscibili, sed in voluntate. Nam obiectum concupiscibilis est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4127 bonum delectabile secundum sensum, huiusmodi autem non est bonum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4128 divinum, quod est obiectum caritatis. Et eadem ratione dicendum est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4129 quod spes non est in irascibili, quia obiectum irascibilis est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4130 quoddam arduum quod est sensibile, circa quod non est spes quae est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4131 virtus, sed circa arduum divinum. Temperantia autem, secundum quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4132 est virtus humana, est circa concupiscentias delectabilium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4133 sensibilium, quae pertinent ad vim concupiscibilem. Et similiter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4134 fortitudo est circa audacias et timores quae sunt in irascibili. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4135 ideo temperantia, secundum quod est virtus humana, est in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4136 concupiscibili, et fortitudo in irascibili. Sed hoc modo non sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4137 in Angelis. Non enim in eis sunt passiones concupiscentiarum, vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4138 timoris et audaciae, quas oporteat per temperantiam et fortitudinem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4139 regulare. Sed temperantia in eis dicitur, secundum quod moderate
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4140 suam voluntatem exhibent secundum regulam divinae voluntatis. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4141 fortitudo in eis dicitur, secundum quod voluntatem divinam firmiter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4142 exequuntur. Quod totum fit per voluntatem; et non per irascibilem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4143 et concupiscibilem.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4144 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4145 <div class="D">Quaestio 60</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4146 <div class="G">Prooemium</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4147 <p title="I q. 60 pr."><a name="30892"><span class="ref">[30892]
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4148 Iª q. 60 pr.</span></a> Deinde considerandum est de actu
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4149 voluntatis, qui est amor sive dilectio, nam omnis actus appetitivae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4150 virtutis ex amore seu dilectione derivatur. Et circa hoc quaeruntur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4151 quinque. Primo, utrum in Angelis sit dilectio naturalis. Secundo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4152 utrum in eis sit dilectio electiva. Tertio, utrum Angelus diligat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4153 seipsum dilectione naturali an electiva. Quarto, utrum unus Angelus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4154 diligat alium dilectione naturali sicut seipsum. Quinto, utrum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4155 Angelus naturali dilectione diligat Deum plus quam seipsum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4156 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4157 <div class="E">Articulus 1</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4158 <p title="I q. 60 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="30893"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4159 "ref">[30893] Iª q. 60 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad primum sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4160 proceditur. Videtur quod in Angelis non sit amor vel dilectio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4161 naturalis. Amor enim naturalis dividitur contra intellectualem; ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4162 patet per Dionysium, IV cap. de Div. Nom. Sed amor Angeli est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4163 intellectualis. Ergo non est naturalis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4164 <p title="I q. 60 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="30894"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4165 "ref">[30894] Iª q. 60 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea, ea
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4166 quae amant amore naturali, magis aguntur quam agant, nihil enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4167 habet dominium suae naturae. Sed Angeli non aguntur, sed agunt; cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4168 sint liberi arbitrii, ut ostensum est. Ergo in Angelis non est amor
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4169 seu dilectio naturalis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4170 <p title="I q. 60 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="30895"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4171 "ref">[30895] Iª q. 60 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea, omnis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4172 dilectio aut est recta, aut non recta. Dilectio autem recta
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4173 pertinet ad caritatem, dilectio autem non recta pertinet ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4174 iniquitatem. Neutrum autem horum pertinet ad naturam, quia caritas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4175 est supra naturam, iniquitas autem est contra naturam. Ergo nulla
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4176 dilectio naturalis est in Angelis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4177 <p title="I q. 60 a. 1 s. c."><a name="30896"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4178 "ref">[30896] Iª q. 60 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4179 quod dilectio sequitur cognitionem, nihil enim amatur nisi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4180 cognitum, ut Augustinus dicit, X de Trin. Sed in Angelis est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4181 cognitio naturalis. Ergo et dilectio naturalis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4182 <p title="I q. 60 a. 1 co."><a name="30897"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4183 "ref">[30897] Iª q. 60 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4184 quod necesse est in Angelis ponere dilectionem naturalem. Ad cuius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4185 evidentiam, considerandum est quod semper prius salvatur in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4186 posteriori. Natura autem prior est quam intellectus, quia natura
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4187 cuiuscumque rei est essentia eius. Unde id quod est naturae,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4188 oportet salvari etiam in habentibus intellectum. Est autem hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4189 commune omni naturae, ut habeat aliquam inclinationem, quae est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4190 appetitus naturalis vel amor. Quae tamen inclinatio diversimode
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4191 invenitur in diversis naturis, in unaquaque secundum modum eius.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4192 Unde in natura intellectuali invenitur inclinatio naturalis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4193 secundum voluntatem; in natura autem sensitiva, secundum appetitum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4194 sensitivum, in natura vero carente cognitione, secundum solum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4195 ordinem naturae in aliquid. Unde cum Angelus sit natura
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4196 intellectualis, oportet quod in voluntate eius sit naturalis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4197 dilectio.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4198 <p title="I q. 60 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="30898"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4199 "ref">[30898] Iª q. 60 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4200 dicendum quod intellectualis amor dividitur contra naturalem qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4201 est solum naturalis, inquantum est naturae quae non addit supra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4202 rationem naturae perfectionem sensus aut intellectus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4203 <p title="I q. 60 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="30899"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4204 "ref">[30899] Iª q. 60 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4205 dicendum quod omnia quae sunt in toto mundo, aguntur ab aliquo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4206 praeter primum agens, quod ita agit quod nullo modo ab alio agitur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4207 in quo est idem natura et voluntas. Et ideo non est inconveniens si
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4208 Angelus agatur, inquantum inclinatio naturalis est sibi indita ab
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4209 auctore suae naturae. Non tamen sic agitur quod non agat; cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4210 habeat liberam voluntatem.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4211 <p title="I q. 60 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="30900"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4212 "ref">[30900] Iª q. 60 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4213 dicendum quod, sicut cognitio naturalis semper est vera ita
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4214 dilectio naturalis semper est recta, cum amor naturalis nihil aliud
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4215 sit quam inclinatio naturae indita ab auctore naturae. Dicere ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4216 quod inclinatio naturalis non sit recta, est derogare auctori
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4217 naturae. Alia tamen est rectitudo naturalis dilectionis, et alia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4218 est rectitudo caritatis et virtutis, quia una rectitudo est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4219 perfectiva alterius. Sicut etiam alia est veritas naturalis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4220 cognitionis; et alia est veritas cognitionis infusae vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4221 acquisitae.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4222 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4223 <div class="E">Articulus 2</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4224 <p title="I q. 60 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="30901"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4225 "ref">[30901] Iª q. 60 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad secundum sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4226 proceditur. Videtur quod in Angelis non sit dilectio electiva.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4227 Dilectio enim electiva videtur esse amor rationalis, cum electio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4228 sequatur consilium, quod in inquisitione consistit, ut dicitur in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4229 III Ethic. Sed rationalis amor dividitur contra intellectualem (qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4230 est proprius Angelorum); ut dicitur IV cap. de Div. Nom. Ergo in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4231 Angelis non est dilectio electiva.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4232 <p title="I q. 60 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="30902"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4233 "ref">[30902] Iª q. 60 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea, in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4234 Angelis non est nisi cognitio naturalis, praeter cognitionem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4235 infusam, quia non discurrunt de principiis ad acquirendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4236 conclusiones. Et sic ad omnia quae naturaliter cognoscere possunt,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4237 sic se habent sicut intellectus noster ad prima principia quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4238 naturaliter cognoscere potest. Sed dilectio sequitur cognitionem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4239 ut dictum est. Ergo in Angelis, praeter dilectionem gratuitam, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4240 est nisi dilectio naturalis. Non ergo electiva.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4241 <p title="I q. 60 a. 2 s. c."><a name="30903"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4242 "ref">[30903] Iª q. 60 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4243 naturalibus neque meremur neque demeremur. Sed Angeli sua
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4244 dilectione aliqua merentur, vel demerentur. Ergo in eis est aliqua
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4245 dilectio electiva.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4246 <p title="I q. 60 a. 2 co."><a name="30904"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4247 "ref">[30904] Iª q. 60 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4248 quod in Angelis est quaedam dilectio naturalis et quaedam electiva.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4249 Et naturalis dilectio in eis est principium electivae, quia semper
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4250 id quod pertinet ad prius, habet rationem principii; unde, cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4251 natura sit primum quod est in unoquoque, oportet quod id quod ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4252 naturam pertinet, sit principium in quolibet. Et hoc apparet in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4253 homine et quantum ad intellectum, et quantum ad voluntatem.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4254 Intellectus enim cognoscit principia naturaliter, et ex hac
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4255 cognitione causatur in homine scientia conclusionum, quae non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4256 cognoscuntur naturaliter ab homine, sed per inventionem vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4257 doctrinam. Similiter in voluntate finis hoc modo se habet, sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4258 principium in intellectu, ut dicitur in II Physic. Unde voluntas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4259 naturaliter tendit in suum finem ultimum, omnis enim homo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4260 naturaliter vult beatitudinem. Et ex hac naturali voluntate
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4261 causantur omnes aliae voluntates, cum quidquid homo vult, velit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4262 propter finem. Dilectio igitur boni quod homo naturaliter vult
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4263 sicut finem, est dilectio naturalis, dilectio autem ab hac
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4264 derivata, quae est boni quod diligitur propter finem, est dilectio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4265 electiva. Hoc tamen differenter se habet ex parte intellectus, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4266 voluntatis. Quia, sicut supra dictum est, cognitio intellectus fit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4267 secundum quod res cognitae sunt in cognoscente. Est autem ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4268 imperfectione intellectualis naturae in homine, quod non statim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4269 eius intellectus naturaliter habet omnia intelligibilia, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4270 quaedam, a quibus in alia quodammodo movetur. Sed actus appetitivae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4271 virtutis est, e converso, secundum ordinem appetentis ad res.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4272 Quarum quaedam sunt secundum se bona, et ideo secundum se
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4273 appetibilia, quaedam vero habent rationem bonitatis ex ordine ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4274 aliud, et sunt appetibilia propter aliud. Unde non est ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4275 imperfectione appetentis, quod aliquid appetat naturaliter ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4276 finem, et aliquid per electionem, ut ordinatur in finem. Quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4277 igitur natura intellectualis in Angelis perfecta est, invenitur in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4278 eis sola cognitio naturalis, non autem ratiocinativa, sed invenitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4279 in eis dilectio et naturalis et electiva. Haec autem dicta sunt,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4280 praetermissis his quae supra naturam sunt, horum enim natura non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4281 est principium sufficiens. De his autem infra dicetur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4282 <p title="I q. 60 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="30905"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4283 "ref">[30905] Iª q. 60 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4284 dicendum quod non omnis dilectio electiva est amor rationalis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4285 secundum quod rationalis amor dividitur contra intellectualem.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4286 Dicitur enim sic amor rationalis, qui sequitur cognitionem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4287 ratiocinativam, non omnis autem electio consequitur discursum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4288 rationis, ut supra dictum est, cum de libero arbitrio ageretur; sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4289 solum electio hominis. Unde ratio non sequitur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4290 <p title="I q. 60 a. 2 ad 2"><a name="30906"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4291 "ref">[30906] Iª q. 60 a. 2 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum patet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4292 responsio ex dictis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4293 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4294 <div class="E">Articulus 3</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4295 <p title="I q. 60 a. 3 arg. 1"><a name="30907"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4296 "ref">[30907] Iª q. 60 a. 3 arg. 1</span></a> Ad tertium sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4297 proceditur. Videtur quod Angelus non diligat seipsum dilectione
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4298 naturali et electiva. Dilectio enim naturalis est ipsius finis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4299 sicut dictum est; dilectio autem electiva, eorum quae sunt ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4300 finem. Sed idem non potest esse finis et ad finem, respectu
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4301 eiusdem. Ergo non potest esse eiusdem dilectio naturalis et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4302 electiva.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4303 <p title="I q. 60 a. 3 arg. 2"><a name="30908"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4304 "ref">[30908] Iª q. 60 a. 3 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea, amor
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4305 est virtus unitiva et concretiva, ut Dionysius dicit, IV cap. de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4306 Div. Nom. Sed unitio et concretio est diversorum in unum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4307 reductorum. Ergo non potest Angelus diligere seipsum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4308 <p title="I q. 60 a. 3 arg. 3"><a name="30909"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4309 "ref">[30909] Iª q. 60 a. 3 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4310 dilectio est quidam motus. Sed omnis motus in alterum tendit. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4311 videtur quod Angelus non possit amare seipsum dilectione naturali,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4312 nec electiva.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4313 <p title="I q. 60 a. 3 s. c."><a name="30910"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4314 "ref">[30910] Iª q. 60 a. 3 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4315 quod philosophus dicit, IX Ethic., quod <i>amicabilia quae sunt ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4316 alterum, veniunt ex amicabilibus quae sunt ad seipsum</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4317 <p title="I q. 60 a. 3 co."><a name="30911"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4318 "ref">[30911] Iª q. 60 a. 3 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4319 quod, cum amor sit boni, bonum autem sit et in substantia et in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4320 accidente, ut patet I Ethic., dupliciter aliquid amatur, uno modo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4321 ut bonum subsistens; alio modo, ut bonum accidentale sive
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4322 inhaerens. Illud quidem amatur ut bonum subsistens, quod sic amatur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4323 ut ei aliquis velit bonum. Ut bonum vero accidentale seu inhaerens
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4324 amatur id quod desideratur alteri, sicut amatur scientia, non ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4325 ipsa sit bona, sed ut habeatur. Et hunc modum amoris quidam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4326 nominaverunt concupiscentiam, primum vero amicitiam. Manifestum est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4327 autem quod in rebus cognitione carentibus, unumquodque naturaliter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4328 appetit consequi id quod est sibi bonum; sicut ignis locum sursum.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4329 Unde et Angelus et homo naturaliter appetunt suum bonum et suam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4330 perfectionem. Et hoc est amare seipsum. Unde naturaliter tam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4331 Angelus quam homo diligit seipsum, inquantum aliquod bonum naturali
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4332 appetitu sibi desiderat. Inquantum vero sibi desiderat aliquod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4333 bonum per electionem, intantum amat seipsum dilectione
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4334 electiva.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4335 <p title="I q. 60 a. 3 ad 1"><a name="30912"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4336 "ref">[30912] Iª q. 60 a. 3 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4337 dicendum quod Angelus aut homo non diligit se dilectione naturali
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4338 et electiva secundum idem; sed secundum diversa, ut dictum est.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4339 <p title="I q. 60 a. 3 ad 2"><a name="30913"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4340 "ref">[30913] Iª q. 60 a. 3 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4341 dicendum quod, sicut plus est esse unum quam uniri, ita amor magis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4342 est unus ad seipsum, quam ad diversa quae ei uniuntur. Sed ideo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4343 Dionysius usus fuit nomine unitionis et concretionis, ut ostenderet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4344 derivationem amoris a se in alia, sicut ab uno derivatur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4345 unitio.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4346 <p title="I q. 60 a. 3 ad 3"><a name="30914"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4347 "ref">[30914] Iª q. 60 a. 3 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4348 dicendum quod, sicut amor est actio manens in agente, ita est motus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4349 manens in amante, non autem tendens in aliquid aliud ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4350 necessitate; sed potest reflecti super amantem, ut amet seipsum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4351 sicut et cognitio reflectitur in cognoscentem, ut cognoscat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4352 seipsum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4353 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4354 <div class="E">Articulus 4</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4355 <p title="I q. 60 a. 4 arg. 1"><a name="30915"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4356 "ref">[30915] Iª q. 60 a. 4 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quartum sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4357 proceditur. Videtur quod unus Angelus non diligat naturali
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4358 dilectione alium sicut seipsum. Dilectio enim sequitur cognitionem.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4359 Sed unus Angelus non cognoscit alium sicut seipsum, quia seipsum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4360 cognoscit per suam essentiam, alium vero per eius similitudinem, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4361 supra dictum est. Ergo videtur quod unus Angelus non diligat alium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4362 sicut seipsum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4363 <p title="I q. 60 a. 4 arg. 2"><a name="30916"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4364 "ref">[30916] Iª q. 60 a. 4 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea, causa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4365 est potior causato, et principium eo quod ex principio derivatur.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4366 Sed dilectio quae est ad alium, derivatur ab ea quae est ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4367 seipsum; sicut dicit philosophus, IX Ethic. Ergo Angelus non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4368 diligit alium sicut seipsum, sed seipsum magis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4369 <p title="I q. 60 a. 4 arg. 3"><a name="30917"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4370 "ref">[30917] Iª q. 60 a. 4 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4371 dilectio naturalis est alicuius tanquam finis; et non potest
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4372 removeri. Sed unus Angelus non est finis alterius; et iterum haec
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4373 dilectio potest removeri, ut patet in Daemonibus, qui non diligunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4374 bonos Angelos. Ergo unus Angelus non diligit alium naturali
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4375 dilectione sicut seipsum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4376 <p title="I q. 60 a. 4 s. c."><a name="30918"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4377 "ref">[30918] Iª q. 60 a. 4 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4378 quia illud quod invenitur in omnibus, etiam ratione carentibus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4379 videtur esse naturale. Sed sicut dicitur Eccli. XIII, omne animal
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4380 diligit sibi simile. Ergo Angelus diligit naturaliter alium sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4381 seipsum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4382 <p title="I q. 60 a. 4 co."><a name="30919"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4383 "ref">[30919] Iª q. 60 a. 4 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4384 quod, sicut dictum est, Angelus et homo naturaliter seipsum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4385 diligit. Illud autem quod est unum cum aliquo, est ipsummet, unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4386 unumquodque diligit id quod est unum sibi. Et si quidem sit unum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4387 sibi unione naturali, diligit illud dilectione naturali, si vero
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4388 sit unum secum unione non naturali, diligit ipsum dilectione non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4389 naturali. Sicut homo diligit civem suum dilectione politicae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4390 virtutis; consanguineum autem suum dilectione naturali, inquantum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4391 est unum cum eo in principio generationis naturalis. Manifestum est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4392 autem quod id quod est unum cum aliquo, genere vel specie, est unum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4393 per naturam. Et ideo dilectione naturali quaelibet res diligit id
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4394 quod est secum unum secundum speciem, inquantum diligit speciem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4395 suam. Et hoc etiam apparet in his quae cognitione carent, nam ignis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4396 naturalem inclinationem habet ut communicet alteri suam formam,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4397 quod est bonum eius; sicut naturaliter inclinatur ad hoc quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4398 quaerat bonum suum, ut esse sursum. Sic ergo dicendum est quod unus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4399 Angelus diligit alium naturali dilectione, inquantum convenit cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4400 eo in natura. Sed inquantum convenit cum eo in aliquibus aliis vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4401 etiam inquantum differt ab eo secundum quaedam alia, non diligit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4402 eum naturali dilectione.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4403 <p title="I q. 60 a. 4 ad 1"><a name="30920"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4404 "ref">[30920] Iª q. 60 a. 4 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4405 dicendum quod hoc quod dico sicut seipsum, potest uno modo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4406 determinare cognitionem seu dilectionem ex parte cogniti et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4407 dilecti. Et sic cognoscit alium sicut seipsum, quia cognoscit alium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4408 esse, sicut cognoscit seipsum esse. Alio modo potest determinare
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4409 cognitionem et dilectionem ex parte diligentis et cognoscentis. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4410 sic non cognoscit alium sicut seipsum, quia se cognoscit per suam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4411 essentiam, alium autem non per eius essentiam. Et similiter non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4412 diligit alium sicut seipsum, quia seipsum diligit per suam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4413 voluntatem, alium autem non diligit per eius voluntatem.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4414 <p title="I q. 60 a. 4 ad 2"><a name="30921"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4415 "ref">[30921] Iª q. 60 a. 4 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4416 dicendum quod ly sicut non designat aequalitatem, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4417 similitudinem. Cum enim dilectio naturalis super unitatem naturalem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4418 fundetur, illud quod est minus unum cum eo, naturaliter minus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4419 diligit. Unde naturaliter plus diligit quod est unum numero, quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4420 quod est unum specie vel genere. Sed naturale est quod similem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4421 dilectionem habeat ad alium sicut ad seipsum, quantum ad hoc, quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4422 sicut seipsum diligit inquantum vult sibi bonum, ita alium diligat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4423 inquantum vult eius bonum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4424 <p title="I q. 60 a. 4 ad 3"><a name="30922"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4425 "ref">[30922] Iª q. 60 a. 4 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4426 dicendum quod dilectio naturalis dicitur esse ipsius finis, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4427 tanquam cui aliquis velit bonum; sed tanquam bonum quod quis vult
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4428 sibi, et per consequens alii, inquantum est unum sibi. Nec ista
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4429 dilectio naturalis removeri potest etiam ab Angelis malis, quin
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4430 dilectionem naturalem habeant ad alios Angelos, inquantum cum eis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4431 communicant in natura. Sed odiunt eos, inquantum diversificantur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4432 secundum iustitiam et iniustitiam.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4433 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4434 <div class="E">Articulus 5</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4435 <p title="I q. 60 a. 5 arg. 1"><a name="30923"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4436 "ref">[30923] Iª q. 60 a. 5 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quintum sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4437 proceditur. Videtur quod Angelus naturali dilectione non diligat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4438 Deum plus quam seipsum. Quia, ut dictum est, dilectio naturalis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4439 fundatur super unione naturali. Sed natura divina maxime distat a
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4440 natura Angeli. Ergo naturali dilectione Angelus minus diligit Deum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4441 quam se, vel etiam alium Angelum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4442 <p title="I q. 60 a. 5 arg. 2"><a name="30924"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4443 "ref">[30924] Iª q. 60 a. 5 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4444 propter quod unumquodque, et illud magis. Sed naturali dilectione
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4445 quilibet diligit alium propter se, unumquodque enim diligit aliquid
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4446 inquantum est bonum sibi. Ergo dilectione naturali Angelus non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4447 diligit Deum plus quam seipsum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4448 <p title="I q. 60 a. 5 arg. 3"><a name="30925"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4449 "ref">[30925] Iª q. 60 a. 5 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4450 natura reflectitur in seipsam, videmus enim quod omne agens
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4451 naturaliter agit ad conservationem sui. Non autem reflecteretur in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4452 seipsam natura, si tenderet in aliud plus quam in seipsam. Non ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4453 naturali dilectione diligit Angelus Deum plus quam se.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4454 <p title="I q. 60 a. 5 arg. 4"><a name="30926"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4455 "ref">[30926] Iª q. 60 a. 5 arg. 4</span></a> Praeterea, hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4456 videtur esse proprium caritatis, ut aliquis Deum plus quam seipsum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4457 diligat. Sed dilectio caritatis non est naturalis in Angelis, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4458 diffunditur in cordibus eorum per spiritum sanctum, qui datus est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4459 eis, ut dicit Augustinus, XII de Civ. Dei. Ergo non diligunt Deum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4460 Angeli dilectione naturali plus quam seipsos.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4461 <p title="I q. 60 a. 5 arg. 5"><a name="30927"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4462 "ref">[30927] Iª q. 60 a. 5 arg. 5</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4463 dilectio naturalis semper manet, manente natura. Sed diligere Deum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4464 plus quam seipsum non manet in peccante Angelo vel homine, quia, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4465 Augustinus dicit, XIV de Civ. Dei, <i>fecerunt civitates duas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4466 amores duo, terrenam scilicet amor sui usque ad Dei contemptum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4467 caelestem vero amor Dei usque ad contemptum sui</i>. Ergo diligere
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4468 Deum supra seipsum non est naturale.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4469 <p title="I q. 60 a. 5 s. c."><a name="30928"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4470 "ref">[30928] Iª q. 60 a. 5 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra, omnia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4471 moralia legis praecepta sunt de lege naturae. Sed praeceptum de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4472 diligendo Deum supra seipsum, est praeceptum morale legis. Ergo est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4473 de lege naturae. Ergo dilectione naturali Angelus diligit Deum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4474 supra seipsum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4475 <p title="I q. 60 a. 5 co."><a name="30929"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4476 "ref">[30929] Iª q. 60 a. 5 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4477 quod quidam dixerunt quod Angelus naturali dilectione diligit Deum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4478 plus quam se, amore concupiscentiae, quia scilicet plus appetit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4479 sibi bonum divinum quam bonum suum. Et quodammodo amore amicitiae,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4480 inquantum scilicet Deo vult naturaliter Angelus maius bonum quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4481 sibi, vult enim naturaliter Deum esse Deum, se autem vult habere
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4482 naturam propriam. Sed simpliciter loquendo, naturali dilectione
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4483 plus diligit se quam Deum, quia intensius et principalius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4484 naturaliter diligit se quam Deum. Sed falsitas huius opinionis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4485 manifeste apparet, si quis in rebus naturalibus consideret ad quid
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4486 res naturaliter moveatur, inclinatio enim naturalis in his quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4487 sunt sine ratione, demonstrat inclinationem naturalem in voluntate
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4488 intellectualis naturae. Unumquodque autem in rebus naturalibus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4489 quod secundum naturam hoc ipsum quod est, alterius est,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4490 principalius et magis inclinatur in id cuius est, quam in seipsum.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4491 Et haec inclinatio naturalis demonstratur ex his quae naturaliter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4492 aguntur, quia <i>unumquodque, sicut agitur naturaliter, sic aptum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4493 natum est agi</i>, ut dicitur in II Physic. Videmus enim quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4494 naturaliter pars se exponit, ad conservationem totius, sicut manus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4495 exponitur ictui, absque deliberatione, ad conservationem totius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4496 corporis. Et quia ratio imitatur naturam, huiusmodi inclinationem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4497 invenimus in virtutibus politicis, est enim virtuosi civis, ut se
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4498 exponat mortis periculo pro totius reipublicae conservatione; et si
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4499 homo esset naturalis pars huius civitatis, haec inclinatio esset ei
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4500 naturalis. Quia igitur bonum universale est ipse Deus, et sub hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4501 bono continetur etiam Angelus et homo et omnis creatura, quia omnis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4502 creatura naturaliter, secundum id quod est, Dei est; sequitur quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4503 naturali dilectione etiam Angelus et homo plus et principalius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4504 diligat Deum quam seipsum. Alioquin, si naturaliter plus seipsum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4505 diligeret quam Deum, sequeretur quod naturalis dilectio esset
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4506 perversa; et quod non perficeretur per caritatem, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4507 destrueretur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4508 <p title="I q. 60 a. 5 ad 1"><a name="30930"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4509 "ref">[30930] Iª q. 60 a. 5 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4510 dicendum quod ratio illa procedit in his quae ex aequo dividuntur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4511 quorum unum non est alteri ratio existendi et bonitatis, in talibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4512 enim unumquodque diligit naturaliter magis seipsum quam alterum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4513 inquantum est magis sibi ipsi unum quam alteri. Sed in illis quorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4514 unum est tota ratio existendi et bonitatis alii, magis diligitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4515 naturaliter tale alterum quam ipsum; sicut dictum est quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4516 unaquaeque pars diligit naturaliter totum plus quam se. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4517 quodlibet singulare naturaliter diligit plus bonum suae speciei,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4518 quam bonum suum singulare. Deus autem non solum est bonum unius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4519 speciei, sed est ipsum universale bonum simpliciter. Unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4520 unumquodque suo modo naturaliter diligit Deum plus quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4521 seipsum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4522 <p title="I q. 60 a. 5 ad 2"><a name="30931"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4523 "ref">[30931] Iª q. 60 a. 5 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4524 dicendum quod, cum dicitur quod Deus diligitur ab Angelo inquantum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4525 est ei bonus, si ly inquantum dicat finem, sic falsum est, non enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4526 diligit naturaliter Deum propter bonum suum, sed propter ipsum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4527 Deum. Si vero dicat rationem amoris ex parte amantis, sic verum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4528 est, non enim esset in natura alicuius quod amaret Deum, nisi ex eo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4529 quod unumquodque dependet a bono quod est Deus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4530 <p title="I q. 60 a. 5 ad 3"><a name="30932"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4531 "ref">[30932] Iª q. 60 a. 5 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4532 dicendum quod natura reflectitur in seipsam non solum quantum ad id
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4533 quod est ei singulare, sed multo magis quantum ad commune,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4534 inclinatur enim unumquodque ad conservandum non solum suum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4535 individuum, sed etiam suam speciem. Et multo magis habet naturalem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4536 inclinationem unumquodque in id quod est bonum universale
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4537 simpliciter.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4538 <p title="I q. 60 a. 5 ad 4"><a name="30933"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4539 "ref">[30933] Iª q. 60 a. 5 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4540 dicendum quod Deus, secundum quod est universale bonum, a quo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4541 dependet omne bonum naturale, diligitur naturali dilectione ab
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4542 unoquoque. Inquantum vero est bonum beatificans naturaliter omnes
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4543 supernaturali beatitudine, sic diligitur dilectione caritatis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4544 <p title="I q. 60 a. 5 ad 5"><a name="30934"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4545 "ref">[30934] Iª q. 60 a. 5 ad 5</span></a> Ad quintum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4546 dicendum quod, cum in Deo sit unum et idem eius substantia et bonum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4547 commune, omnes qui vident ipsam Dei essentiam, eodem motu
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4548 dilectionis moventur in ipsam Dei essentiam prout est ab aliis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4549 distincta, et secundum quod est quoddam bonum commune. Et quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4550 inquantum est bonum commune, naturaliter amatur ab omnibus;
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4551 quicumque videt eum per essentiam, impossibile est quin diligat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4552 ipsum. Sed illi qui non vident essentiam eius, cognoscunt eum per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4553 aliquos particulares effectus, qui interdum eorum voluntati
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4554 contrariantur. Et sic hoc modo dicuntur odio habere Deum, cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4555 tamen, inquantum est bonum commune omnium, unumquodque naturaliter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4556 diligat plus Deum quam seipsum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4557 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4558 <div class="D">Quaestio 61</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4559 <div class="G">Prooemium</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4560 <p title="I q. 61 pr."><a name="30935"><span class="ref">[30935]
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4561 Iª q. 61 pr.</span></a> Post ea quae praemissa sunt de natura
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4562 Angelorum, et cognitione et voluntate eorum, restat considerandum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4563 de eorum creatione, sive universaliter de eorum exordio. Et haec
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4564 consideratio est tripartita. Nam primo considerabimus quomodo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4565 producti sunt in esse naturae; secundo, quomodo perfecti sunt in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4566 gratia vel gloria; tertio, quomodo aliqui ex eis facti sunt mali.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4567 Circa primum quaeruntur quatuor. Primo, utrum Angelus habeat causam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4568 sui esse. Secundo, utrum Angelus sit ab aeterno. Tertio, utrum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4569 Angelus sit creatus ante corporalem creaturam. Quarto, utrum Angeli
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4570 fuerint creati in caelo Empyreo.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4571 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4572 <div class="E">Articulus 1</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4573 <p title="I q. 61 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="30936"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4574 "ref">[30936] Iª q. 61 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad primum sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4575 proceditur. Videtur quod Angeli non habeant causam sui esse. De his
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4576 enim quae sunt a Deo creata, agitur Genesis I. Sed nulla mentio fit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4577 ibi de Angelis. Ergo Angeli non sunt creati a Deo.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4578 <p title="I q. 61 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="30937"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4579 "ref">[30937] Iª q. 61 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4580 philosophus dicit, in VIII Metaphys., quod si aliqua substantia sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4581 forma sine materia, <i>statim per seipsam est ens et unum, et non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4582 habet causam quae faciat eam ens et unum</i>. Sed Angeli sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4583 formae immateriales, ut supra ostensum est. Ergo non habent causam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4584 sui esse.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4585 <p title="I q. 61 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="30938"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4586 "ref">[30938] Iª q. 61 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea, omne
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4587 quod fit ab aliquo agente, per hoc quod fit, accipit formam ab eo.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4588 Sed Angeli, cum sint formae, non accipiunt formam ab aliquo agente.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4589 Ergo Angeli non habent causam agentem.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4590 <p title="I q. 61 a. 1 s. c."><a name="30939"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4591 "ref">[30939] Iª q. 61 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4592 quod dicitur in Psalmo CXLVIII, <i>laudate eum, omnes Angeli
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4593 eius</i>. Et postea subdit, <i>quoniam ipse dixit, et facta
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4594 sunt</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4595 <p title="I q. 61 a. 1 co."><a name="30940"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4596 "ref">[30940] Iª q. 61 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4597 quod necesse est dicere et Angelos, et omne id quod praeter Deum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4598 est, a Deo factum esse. Solus enim Deus est suum esse, in omnibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4599 autem aliis differt essentia rei et esse eius, ut ex superioribus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4600 patet. Et ex hoc manifestum est quod solus Deus est ens per suam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4601 essentiam, omnia vero alia sunt entia per participationem. Omne
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4602 autem quod est per participationem causatur ab eo quod est per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4603 essentiam, sicut omne ignitum causatur ab igne. Unde necesse est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4604 Angelos a Deo creatos esse.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4605 <p title="I q. 61 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="30941"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4606 "ref">[30941] Iª q. 61 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4607 dicendum quod Augustinus dicit, in XI de Civ. Dei, quod Angeli non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4608 sunt praetermissi in illa prima rerum creatione, sed significantur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4609 nomine caeli, aut etiam lucis. Ideo autem vel praetermissi sunt,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4610 vel nominibus rerum corporalium significati, quia Moyses rudi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4611 populo loquebatur, qui nondum capere poterat incorpoream naturam;
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4612 et si eis fuisset expressum aliquas res esse super omnem naturam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4613 corpoream, fuisset eis occasio idololatriae, ad quam proni erant,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4614 et a qua Moyses eos praecipue revocare intendebat.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4615 <p title="I q. 61 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="30942"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4616 "ref">[30942] Iª q. 61 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4617 dicendum quod substantiae quae sunt formae subsistentes, non habent
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4618 causam aliquam formalem sui esse et suae unitatis, nec causam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4619 agentem per transmutationem materiae de potentia in actum, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4620 habent causam producentem totam substantiam.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4621 <p title="I q. 61 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="30943"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4622 "ref">[30943] Iª q. 61 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Et per hoc patet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4623 solutio ad tertium.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4624 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4625 <div class="E">Articulus 2</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4626 <p title="I q. 61 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="30944"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4627 "ref">[30944] Iª q. 61 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad secundum sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4628 proceditur. Videtur quod Angelus sit productus a Deo ab aeterno.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4629 Deus enim est causa Angeli per suum esse, non enim agit per aliquid
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4630 additum suae essentiae. Sed esse eius est aeternum. Ergo ab aeterno
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4631 Angelos produxit.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4632 <p title="I q. 61 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="30945"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4633 "ref">[30945] Iª q. 61 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea, omne
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4634 quod quandoque est et quandoque non est, subiacet tempori. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4635 Angelus est supra tempus, ut dicitur in libro de causis. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4636 Angelus non quandoque est, et quandoque non est, sed semper.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4637 <p title="I q. 61 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="30946"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4638 "ref">[30946] Iª q. 61 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4639 Augustinus probat incorruptibilitatem animae per hoc, quod per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4640 intellectum est capax veritatis. Sed sicut veritas est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4641 incorruptibilis, ita est aeterna. Ergo natura intellectualis et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4642 animae et Angeli, non solum est incorruptibilis, sed etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4643 aeterna.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4644 <p title="I q. 61 a. 2 s. c."><a name="30947"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4645 "ref">[30947] Iª q. 61 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4646 quod dicitur Prov. VIII, ex persona sapientiae genitae, <i>dominus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4647 possedit me ab initio viarum suarum, antequam quidquam faceret a
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4648 principio</i>. Sed Angeli sunt facti a Deo, ut ostensum est. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4649 Angeli aliquando non fuerunt.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4650 <p title="I q. 61 a. 2 co."><a name="30948"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4651 "ref">[30948] Iª q. 61 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4652 quod solus Deus, pater et filius et spiritus sanctus, est ab
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4653 aeterno. Hoc enim fides Catholica indubitanter tenet; et omne
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4654 contrarium est sicut haereticum refutandum. Sic enim Deus creaturas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4655 produxit, quod eas ex nihilo fecit, idest postquam nihil
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4656 fuerat.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4657 <p title="I q. 61 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="30949"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4658 "ref">[30949] Iª q. 61 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4659 dicendum quod esse Dei est ipsum eius velle. Per hoc ergo quod Deus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4660 produxit Angelos et alias creaturas per suum esse, non excluditur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4661 quin eas produxerit per suam voluntatem. Voluntas autem Dei non de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4662 necessitate se habet ad productionem creaturarum, ut supra dictum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4663 est. Et ideo produxit et quae voluit, et quando voluit.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4664 <p title="I q. 61 a. 2 ad 2"><a name="30950"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4665 "ref">[30950] Iª q. 61 a. 2 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4666 dicendum quod Angelus est supra tempus quod est numerus motus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4667 caeli, quia est supra omnem motum corporalis naturae. Non tamen est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4668 supra tempus quod est numerus successionis esse eius post non esse,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4669 et etiam quod est numerus successionis quae est in operationibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4670 eius. Unde Augustinus dicit, VIII super Gen. ad Litt., quod <i>Deus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4671 movet creaturam spiritualem per tempus</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4672 <p title="I q. 61 a. 2 ad 3"><a name="30951"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4673 "ref">[30951] Iª q. 61 a. 2 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4674 dicendum quod Angeli et animae intellectivae, ex hoc ipso quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4675 habent naturam per quam sunt capaces veritatis, sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4676 incorruptibiles. Sed hanc naturam non habuerunt ab aeterno; sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4677 data fuit eis a Deo quando ipse voluit. Unde non sequitur quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4678 Angeli sint ab aeterno.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4679 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4680 <div class="E">Articulus 3</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4681 <p title="I q. 61 a. 3 arg. 1"><a name="30952"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4682 "ref">[30952] Iª q. 61 a. 3 arg. 1</span></a> Ad tertium sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4683 proceditur. Videtur quod Angeli fuerint creati ante mundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4684 corporeum. Dicit enim Hieronymus, super epistolam ad Titum, <i>sex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4685 millia nondum nostri temporis complentur annorum; et quanta
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4686 tempora, quantasque saeculorum origines fuisse arbitrandum est, in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4687 quibus Angeli, throni, dominationes, ceterique ordines Deo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4688 servierunt?</i> Damascenus etiam dicit, in II libro, <i>quidam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4689 dicunt quod ante omnem creationem geniti sunt Angeli; ut theologus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4690 dicit Gregorius, primum quidem excogitavit angelicas virtutes et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4691 caelestes, et excogitatio opus eius fuit</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4692 <p title="I q. 61 a. 3 arg. 2"><a name="30953"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4693 "ref">[30953] Iª q. 61 a. 3 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4694 angelica natura est media inter naturam divinam et naturam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4695 corpoream. Sed natura divina est ab aeterno, natura autem corporea
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4696 ex tempore. Ergo natura angelica facta est ante creationem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4697 temporis, et post aeternitatem.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4698 <p title="I q. 61 a. 3 arg. 3"><a name="30954"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4699 "ref">[30954] Iª q. 61 a. 3 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea, plus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4700 distat natura angelica a natura corporali, quam una natura
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4701 corporalis ab alia. Sed una natura corporalis fuit facta ante
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4702 aliam, unde et sex dies productionis rerum in principio Genesis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4703 describuntur. Ergo multo magis natura angelica facta est ante omnem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4704 naturam corporalem.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4705 <p title="I q. 61 a. 3 s. c."><a name="30955"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4706 "ref">[30955] Iª q. 61 a. 3 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4707 quod dicitur Gen. I, <i>in principio creavit Deus caelum et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4708 terram</i>. Non autem hoc esset verum, si aliquid creasset antea.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4709 Ergo Angeli non sunt ante naturam corpoream creati.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4710 <p title="I q. 61 a. 3 co."><a name="30956"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4711 "ref">[30956] Iª q. 61 a. 3 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4712 quod circa hoc invenitur duplex sanctorum doctorum sententia, illa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4713 tamen probabilior videtur, quod Angeli simul cum creatura corporea
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4714 sunt creati. Angeli enim sunt quaedam pars universi, non enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4715 constituunt per se unum universum, sed tam ipsi quam creatura
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4716 corporea in constitutionem unius universi conveniunt. Quod apparet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4717 ex ordine unius creaturae ad aliam, ordo enim rerum ad invicem est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4718 bonum universi. Nulla autem pars perfecta est a suo toto separata.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4719 Non est igitur probabile ut Deus, cuius perfecta sunt opera, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4720 dicitur Deut. XXXII, creaturam angelicam seorsum ante alias
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4721 creaturas creaverit. Quamvis contrarium non sit reputandum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4722 erroneum; praecipue propter sententiam Gregorii Nazianzeni, cuius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4723 tanta est in doctrina Christiana auctoritas, ut nullus unquam eius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4724 dictis calumniam inferre praesumpserit, sicut nec Athanasii
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4725 documentis, ut Hieronymus dicit.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4726 <p title="I q. 61 a. 3 ad 1"><a name="30957"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4727 "ref">[30957] Iª q. 61 a. 3 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4728 dicendum quod Hieronymus loquitur secundum sententiam doctorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4729 Graecorum, qui omnes hoc concorditer sentiunt, quod Angeli sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4730 ante mundum corporeum creati.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4731 <p title="I q. 61 a. 3 ad 2"><a name="30958"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4732 "ref">[30958] Iª q. 61 a. 3 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4733 dicendum quod Deus non est aliqua pars universi, sed est supra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4734 totum universum, praehabens in se eminentiori modo totam universi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4735 perfectionem. Angelus autem est pars universi. Unde non est eadem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4736 ratio.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4737 <p title="I q. 61 a. 3 ad 3"><a name="30959"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4738 "ref">[30959] Iª q. 61 a. 3 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4739 dicendum quod creaturae corporeae omnes sunt unum in materia, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4740 Angeli non conveniunt in materia cum creatura corporea. Unde,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4741 creata materia corporalis creaturae, omnia quodammodo sunt creata,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4742 non autem, creatis Angelis, esset ipsum universum creatum. Si vero
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4743 contrarium teneatur, quod dicitur Gen. I, <i>in principio creavit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4744 Deus caelum et terram</i> exponendum est, in principio, idest in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4745 filio, vel in principio temporis, non autem in principio, idest
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4746 ante quod nihil, nisi dicatur, ante quod nihil in genere
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4747 corporalium creaturarum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4748 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4749 <div class="E">Articulus 4</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4750 <p title="I q. 61 a. 4 arg. 1"><a name="30960"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4751 "ref">[30960] Iª q. 61 a. 4 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quartum sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4752 proceditur. Videtur quod Angeli non sint creati in caelo Empyreo.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4753 Angeli enim sunt substantiae incorporeae. Sed substantia incorporea
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4754 non dependet a corpore secundum suum esse, et per consequens neque
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4755 secundum suum fieri. Ergo Angeli non sunt creati in loco
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4756 corporeo.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4757 <p title="I q. 61 a. 4 arg. 2"><a name="30961"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4758 "ref">[30961] Iª q. 61 a. 4 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4759 Augustinus dicit, III super Gen. ad Litt., quod Angeli fuerunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4760 creati in superiori parte aeris. Non ergo in caelo Empyreo.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4761 <p title="I q. 61 a. 4 arg. 3"><a name="30962"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4762 "ref">[30962] Iª q. 61 a. 4 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4763 caelum Empyreum dicitur esse caelum supremum. Si igitur Angeli
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4764 creati fuissent in caelo Empyreo, non convenisset eis in superius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4765 caelum ascendere. Quod est contra id quod ex persona Angeli
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4766 peccantis dicitur Isaiae XIV, <i>ascendam in caelum</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4767 <p title="I q. 61 a. 4 s. c."><a name="30963"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4768 "ref">[30963] Iª q. 61 a. 4 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4769 quod Strabus dicit, super illud, <i>in principio creavit Deus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4770 caelum et terram, caelum non visibile firmamentum hic appellat, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4771 Empyreum, idest igneum vel intellectuale, quod non ab ardore, sed a
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4772 splendore dicitur, quod statim factum, Angelis est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4773 repletum</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4774 <p title="I q. 61 a. 4 co."><a name="30964"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4775 "ref">[30964] Iª q. 61 a. 4 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4776 quod, sicut dictum est, ex creaturis corporalibus et spiritualibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4777 unum universum constituitur. Unde sic creatae sunt spirituales
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4778 creaturae, quod ad creaturam corporalem aliquem ordinem habent, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4779 toti creaturae corporali praesident. Unde conveniens fuit quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4780 Angeli in supremo corpore crearentur, tanquam toti naturae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4781 corporeae praesidentes; sive id dicatur caelum Empyreum, sive
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4782 qualitercumque nominetur. Unde Isidorus dicit quod supremum caelum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4783 est caelum Angelorum, super illud Deut. X, <i>domini Dei tui est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4784 caelum, et caelum caeli</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4785 <p title="I q. 61 a. 4 ad 1"><a name="30965"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4786 "ref">[30965] Iª q. 61 a. 4 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4787 dicendum quod Angeli non sunt creati in loco corporeo, quasi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4788 dependentes a corpore secundum suum esse vel secundum suum fieri,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4789 potuisset enim Deus Angelos ante totam creaturam corporalem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4790 creasse, ut multi sancti doctores tenent. Sed facti sunt in loco
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4791 corporeo, ad ostendendum ordinem eorum ad naturam corpoream, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4792 quod sua virtute corpora contingunt.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4793 <p title="I q. 61 a. 4 ad 2"><a name="30966"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4794 "ref">[30966] Iª q. 61 a. 4 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4795 dicendum quod Augustinus forte per supremam partem aeris intelligit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4796 supremam partem caeli, cum quo aer quandam convenientiam habet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4797 propter suam subtilitatem et diaphaneitatem. Vel loquitur non de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4798 omnibus Angelis, sed de illis qui peccaverunt, qui secundum quosdam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4799 fuerunt de inferioribus ordinibus. Nihil autem prohibet dicere quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4800 superiores Angeli, habentes virtutem elevatam et universalem supra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4801 omnia corpora, sint in supremo creaturae corporeae creati; alii
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4802 vero, habentes virtutes magis particulares, sint creati in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4803 inferioribus corporibus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4804 <p title="I q. 61 a. 4 ad 3"><a name="30967"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4805 "ref">[30967] Iª q. 61 a. 4 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4806 dicendum quod loquitur ibi non de caelo aliquo corporeo, sed de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4807 caelo sanctae Trinitatis, in quod Angelus peccans ascendere voluit,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4808 dum voluit aliquo modo Deo aequiparari, ut infra patebit.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4809 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4810 <div class="D">Quaestio 62</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4811 <div class="G">Prooemium</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4812 <p title="I q. 62 pr."><a name="30968"><span class="ref">[30968]
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4813 Iª q. 62 pr.</span></a> Consequenter investigandum est quomodo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4814 Angeli facti sunt in esse gratiae vel gloriae. Et circa hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4815 quaeruntur novem. Primo, utrum Angeli fuerint in sua creatione
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4816 beati. Secundo, utrum indiguerint gratia ad hoc quod ad Deum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4817 converterentur. Tertio, utrum fuerint creati in gratia. Quarto,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4818 utrum suam beatitudinem meruerint. Quinto, utrum statim post
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4819 meritum beatitudinem adepti fuerint. Sexto, utrum gratiam et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4820 gloriam secundum capacitatem suorum naturalium receperint. Septimo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4821 utrum post consecutionem gloriae remanserit in eis dilectio et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4822 cognitio naturalis. Octavo, utrum postmodum potuerint peccare.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4823 Nono, utrum post adeptionem gloriae potuerint proficere.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4824 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4825 <div class="E">Articulus 1</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4826 <p title="I q. 62 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="30969"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4827 "ref">[30969] Iª q. 62 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad primum sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4828 proceditur. Videtur quod Angeli fuerint creati beati. Dicitur enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4829 in libro de ecclesiasticis dogmatibus, quod <i>Angeli qui in illa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4830 in qua creati sunt beatitudine perseverant, non natura possident
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4831 bonum quod habent</i>. Sunt ergo Angeli creati in beatitudine.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4832 <p title="I q. 62 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="30970"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4833 "ref">[30970] Iª q. 62 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4834 natura angelica est nobilior quam creatura corporalis. Sed creatura
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4835 corporalis statim in principio suae creationis fuit creata formata
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4836 et perfecta; nec informitas praecessit in ea formationem tempore,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4837 sed natura tantum, ut Augustinus dicit, I super Gen. ad Litt. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4838 nec naturam angelicam creavit Deus informem et imperfectam. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4839 eius formatio et perfectio est per beatitudinem, secundum quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4840 fruitur Deo. Ergo fuit creata beata.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4841 <p title="I q. 62 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="30971"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4842 "ref">[30971] Iª q. 62 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4843 secundum Augustinum, super Gen. ad Litt., ea quae leguntur facta in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4844 operibus sex dierum, simul facta fuerunt, et sic oportet quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4845 statim a principio creationis rerum fuerint omnes illi sex dies.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4846 Sed in illis sex diebus, secundum eius expositionem, mane fuit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4847 cognitio angelica secundum quam cognoverunt verbum et res in verbo.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4848 Ergo statim a principio creationis cognoverunt verbum et res in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4849 verbo. Sed Angeli beati sunt per hoc quod verbum vident. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4850 statim a principio suae creationis Angeli fuerunt beati.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4851 <p title="I q. 62 a. 1 s. c."><a name="30972"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4852 "ref">[30972] Iª q. 62 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra, de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4853 ratione beatitudinis est stabilitas sive confirmatio in bono. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4854 Angeli non statim ut creati sunt, fuerunt confirmati in bono, quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4855 casus quorundam ostendit. Non ergo Angeli in sua creatione fuerunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4856 beati.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4857 <p title="I q. 62 a. 1 co."><a name="30973"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4858 "ref">[30973] Iª q. 62 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4859 quod nomine beatitudinis intelligitur ultima perfectio rationalis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4860 seu intellectualis naturae, et inde est quod naturaliter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4861 desideratur, quia unumquodque naturaliter desiderat suam ultimam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4862 perfectionem. Ultima autem perfectio rationalis seu intellectualis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4863 naturae est duplex. Una quidem, quam potest assequi virtute suae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4864 naturae, et haec quodammodo beatitudo vel felicitas dicitur. Unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4865 et Aristoteles perfectissimam hominis contemplationem, qua optimum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4866 intelligibile, quod est Deus, contemplari potest in hac vita, dicit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4867 esse ultimam hominis felicitatem. Sed super hanc felicitatem est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4868 alia felicitas, quam in futuro expectamus, qua videbimus Deum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4869 sicuti est. Quod quidem est supra cuiuslibet intellectus creati
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4870 naturam, ut supra ostensum est. Sic igitur dicendum est quod,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4871 quantum ad primam beatitudinem, quam Angelus assequi virtute suae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4872 naturae potuit, fuit creatus beatus. Quia perfectionem huiusmodi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4873 Angelus non acquirit per aliquem motum discursivum, sicut homo, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4874 statim ei adest propter suae naturae dignitatem, ut supra dictum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4875 est. Sed ultimam beatitudinem, quae facultatem naturae excedit,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4876 Angeli non statim in principio suae creationis habuerunt, quia haec
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4877 beatitudo non est aliquid naturae, sed naturae finis; et ideo non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4878 statim eam a principio debuerunt habere.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4879 <p title="I q. 62 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="30974"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4880 "ref">[30974] Iª q. 62 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4881 dicendum quod beatitudo ibi accipitur pro illa perfectione naturali
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4882 quam Angelus habuit in statu innocentiae.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4883 <p title="I q. 62 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="30975"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4884 "ref">[30975] Iª q. 62 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4885 dicendum quod creatura corporalis statim in principio suae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4886 creationis habere non potuit perfectionem ad quam per suam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4887 operationem perducitur, unde, secundum Augustinum, germinatio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4888 plantarum ex terra non statim fuit in primis operibus, in quibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4889 virtus sola germinativa plantarum data est terrae. Et similiter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4890 creatura angelica in principio suae creationis habuit perfectionem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4891 suae naturae; non autem perfectionem ad quam per suam operationem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4892 pervenire debebat.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4893 <p title="I q. 62 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="30976"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4894 "ref">[30976] Iª q. 62 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4895 dicendum quod Angelus duplicem habet verbi cognitionem, unam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4896 naturalem, et aliam gloriae, naturalem quidem, qua cognoscit verbum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4897 per eius similitudinem in sua natura relucentem; cognitionem vero
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4898 gloriae, qua cognoscit verbum per suam essentiam. Et utraque
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4899 cognoscit Angelus res in verbo, sed naturali quidem cognitione
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4900 imperfecte, cognitione vero gloriae perfecte. Prima ergo cognitio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4901 rerum in verbo affuit Angelo a principio suae creationis, secunda
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4902 vero non, sed quando facti sunt beati per conversionem ad bonum. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4903 haec proprie dicitur cognitio matutina.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4904 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4905 <div class="E">Articulus 2</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4906 <p title="I q. 62 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="30977"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4907 "ref">[30977] Iª q. 62 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad secundum sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4908 proceditur. Videtur quod Angelus non indiguerit gratia ad hoc quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4909 converteretur in Deum. Ad ea enim quae naturaliter possumus, gratia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4910 non indigemus. Sed naturaliter Angelus convertitur in Deum, quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4911 naturaliter Deum diligit, ut ex supra dictis patet. Ergo Angelus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4912 non indiguit gratia ad hoc quod converteretur in Deum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4913 <p title="I q. 62 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="30978"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4914 "ref">[30978] Iª q. 62 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea, ad ea
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4915 tantum videmur indigere auxilio, quae sunt difficilia. Sed converti
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4916 ad Deum non erat difficile Angelo; cum nihil esset in eo quod huic
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4917 conversioni repugnaret. Ergo Angelus non indiguit auxilio gratiae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4918 ad hoc quod converteretur in Deum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4919 <p title="I q. 62 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="30979"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4920 "ref">[30979] Iª q. 62 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4921 converti ad Deum est se ad gratiam praeparare, unde Zach. I,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4922 dicitur, <i>convertimini ad me, et ego convertar ad vos</i>. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4923 nos non indigemus gratia ad hoc quod nos ad gratiam praeparemus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4924 quia sic esset abire in infinitum. Ergo non indiguit gratia Angelus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4925 ad hoc quod converteretur in Deum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4926 <p title="I q. 62 a. 2 s. c."><a name="30980"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4927 "ref">[30980] Iª q. 62 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra, per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4928 conversionem ad Deum Angelus pervenit ad beatitudinem. Si igitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4929 non indiguisset gratia ad hoc quod converteretur in Deum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4930 sequeretur quod non indigeret gratia ad habendam vitam aeternam.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4931 Quod est contra illud apostoli, Rom. VI, <i>gratia Dei vita
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4932 aeterna</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4933 <p title="I q. 62 a. 2 co."><a name="30981"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4934 "ref">[30981] Iª q. 62 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4935 quod Angeli indiguerunt gratia ad hoc quod converterentur in Deum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4936 prout est obiectum beatitudinis. Sicut enim superius dictum est,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4937 naturalis motus voluntatis est principium omnium eorum quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4938 volumus. Naturalis autem inclinatio voluntatis est ad id quod est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4939 conveniens secundum naturam. Et ideo, si aliquid sit supra naturam,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4940 voluntas in id ferri non potest, nisi ab aliquo alio supernaturali
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4941 principio adiuta. Sicut patet quod ignis habet naturalem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4942 inclinationem ad calefaciendum, et ad generandum ignem, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4943 generare carnem est supra naturalem virtutem ignis, unde ignis ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4944 hoc nullam inclinationem habet, nisi secundum quod movetur ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4945 instrumentum ab anima nutritiva. Ostensum est autem supra, cum de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4946 Dei cognitione ageretur, quod videre Deum per essentiam, in quo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4947 ultima beatitudo rationalis creaturae consistit, est supra naturam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4948 cuiuslibet intellectus creati. Unde nulla creatura rationalis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4949 potest habere motum voluntatis ordinatum ad illam beatitudinem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4950 nisi mota a supernaturali agente. Et hoc dicimus auxilium gratiae.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4951 Et ideo dicendum est quod Angelus in illam beatitudinem voluntate
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4952 converti non potuit, nisi per auxilium gratiae.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4953 <p title="I q. 62 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="30982"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4954 "ref">[30982] Iª q. 62 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4955 dicendum quod Angelus naturaliter diligit Deum, inquantum est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4956 principium naturalis esse. Hic autem loquimur de conversione ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4957 Deum, inquantum est beatificans per suae essentiae visionem.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4958 <p title="I q. 62 a. 2 ad 2"><a name="30983"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4959 "ref">[30983] Iª q. 62 a. 2 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4960 dicendum quod difficile est quod transcendit potentiam. Sed hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4961 contingit esse dupliciter. Uno modo, quia transcendit potentiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4962 secundum suum naturalem ordinem. Et tunc, si ad hoc possit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4963 pervenire aliquo auxilio, dicitur difficile; si autem nullo modo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4964 dicitur impossibile, sicut impossibile est hominem volare. Alio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4965 modo transcendit aliquid potentiam, non secundum ordinem naturalem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4966 potentiae, sed propter aliquod impedimentum potentiae adiunctum.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4967 Sicut ascendere non est contra naturalem ordinem potentiae animae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4968 motivae, quia anima, quantum est de se, nata est movere in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4969 quamlibet partem, sed impeditur ab hoc propter corporis gravitatem;
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4970 unde difficile est homini ascendere. Converti autem ad beatitudinem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4971 ultimam, homini quidem est difficile et quia est supra naturam, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4972 quia habet impedimentum ex corruptione corporis et infectione
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4973 peccati. Sed Angelo est difficile propter hoc solum quod est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4974 supernaturale.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4975 <p title="I q. 62 a. 2 ad 3"><a name="30984"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4976 "ref">[30984] Iª q. 62 a. 2 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4977 dicendum quod quilibet motus voluntatis in Deum, potest dici
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4978 conversio in ipsum. Et ideo triplex est conversio in Deum. Una
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4979 quidem per dilectionem perfectam, quae est creaturae iam Deo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4980 fruentis. Et ad hanc conversionem requiritur gratia consummata.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4981 Alia conversio est, quae est meritum beatitudinis. Et ad hanc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4982 requiritur habitualis gratia, quae est merendi principium. Tertia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4983 conversio est, per quam aliquis praeparat se ad gratiam habendam.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4984 Et ad hanc non exigitur aliqua habitualis gratia, sed operatio Dei
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4985 ad se animam convertentis, secundum illud Thren. ult., <i>converte
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4986 nos, domine, ad te, et convertemur</i>. Unde patet quod non est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4987 procedere in infinitum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4988 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4989 <div class="E">Articulus 3</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4990 <p title="I q. 62 a. 3 arg. 1"><a name="30985"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4991 "ref">[30985] Iª q. 62 a. 3 arg. 1</span></a> Ad tertium sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4992 proceditur. Videtur quod Angeli non sint creati in gratia. Dicit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4993 enim Augustinus, II super Gen. ad Litt., quod angelica natura primo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4994 erat informiter creata, et caelum dicta, postmodum vero formata
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4995 est, et lux appellata. Sed haec formatio est per gratiam. Ergo non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4996 sunt creati in gratia.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4997 <p title="I q. 62 a. 3 arg. 2"><a name="30986"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4998 "ref">[30986] Iª q. 62 a. 3 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4999 gratia inclinat creaturam rationalem in Deum. Si igitur Angelus in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5000 gratia creatus fuisset nullus Angelus fuisset a Deo aversus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5001 <p title="I q. 62 a. 3 arg. 3"><a name="30987"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5002 "ref">[30987] Iª q. 62 a. 3 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5003 gratia medium est inter naturam et gloriam. Sed Angeli non fuerunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5004 beati in sua creatione. Ergo videtur quod nec etiam creati sint in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5005 gratia, sed primo in natura tantum; postea autem adepti sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5006 gratiam; et ultimo facti sunt beati.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5007 <p title="I q. 62 a. 3 s. c."><a name="30988"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5008 "ref">[30988] Iª q. 62 a. 3 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5009 quod Augustinus dicit, XII de Civ. Dei, <i>bonam voluntatem quis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5010 fecit in Angelis, nisi ille qui eos cum sua voluntate, idest cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5011 amore casto quo illi adhaerent, creavit, simul in eis condens
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5012 naturam et largiens gratiam?</i></p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5013 <p title="I q. 62 a. 3 co."><a name="30989"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5014 "ref">[30989] Iª q. 62 a. 3 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5015 quod, quamvis super hoc sint diversae opiniones, quibusdam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5016 dicentibus quod creati sunt Angeli in naturalibus tantum, aliis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5017 vero quod sunt creati in gratia; hoc tamen probabilius videtur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5018 tenendum, et magis dictis sanctorum consonum est, quod fuerunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5019 creati in gratia gratum faciente. Sic enim videmus quod omnia quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5020 processu temporis per opus divinae providentiae, creatura sub Deo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5021 operante, sunt producta, in prima rerum conditione producta sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5022 secundum quasdam seminales rationes, ut Augustinus dicit, super
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5023 Gen. ad Litt.; sicut arbores et animalia et alia huiusmodi.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5024 Manifestum est autem quod gratia gratum faciens hoc modo comparatur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5025 ad beatitudinem, sicut ratio seminalis in natura ad effectum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5026 naturalem, unde I Ioan. III, gratia semen Dei nominatur. Sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5027 igitur, secundum opinionem Augustini, ponitur quod statim in prima
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5028 creatione corporalis creaturae inditae sunt ei seminales rationes
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5029 omnium naturalium effectuum, ita statim a principio sunt Angeli
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5030 creati in gratia.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5031 <p title="I q. 62 a. 3 ad 1"><a name="30990"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5032 "ref">[30990] Iª q. 62 a. 3 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5033 dicendum quod informitas illa Angeli potest intelligi vel per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5034 comparationem ad formationem gloriae, et sic praecessit tempore
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5035 informitas formationem. Vel per comparationem ad formationem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5036 gratiae, et sic non praecessit ordine temporis, sed ordine naturae;
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5037 sicut etiam de formatione corporali Augustinus ponit.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5038 <p title="I q. 62 a. 3 ad 2"><a name="30991"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5039 "ref">[30991] Iª q. 62 a. 3 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5040 dicendum quod omnis forma inclinat suum subiectum secundum modum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5041 naturae eius. Modus autem naturalis intellectualis naturae est, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5042 libere feratur in ea quae vult. Et ideo inclinatio gratiae non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5043 imponit necessitatem, sed habens gratiam potest ea non uti, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5044 peccare.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5045 <p title="I q. 62 a. 3 ad 3"><a name="30992"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5046 "ref">[30992] Iª q. 62 a. 3 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5047 dicendum quod, quamvis gratia sit medium inter naturam et gloriam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5048 ordine naturae tamen ordine temporis in natura creata non debuit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5049 simul esse gloria cum natura, quia est finis operationis ipsius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5050 naturae per gratiam adiutae. Gratia autem non se habet ut finis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5051 operationis, quia non est ex operibus; sed ut principium bene
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5052 operandi. Et ideo statim cum natura gratiam dare conveniens
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5053 fuit.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5054 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5055 <div class="E">Articulus 4</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5056 <p title="I q. 62 a. 4 arg. 1"><a name="30993"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5057 "ref">[30993] Iª q. 62 a. 4 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quartum sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5058 proceditur. Videtur quod Angelus beatus suam beatitudinem non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5059 meruerit. Meritum enim est ex difficultate actus meritorii. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5060 nullam difficultatem Angelus habuit ad bene operandum. Ergo bona
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5061 operatio non fuit ei meritoria.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5062 <p title="I q. 62 a. 4 arg. 2"><a name="30994"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5063 "ref">[30994] Iª q. 62 a. 4 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5064 naturalibus non meremur. Sed naturale fuit Angelo quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5065 converteretur ad Deum. Ergo per hoc non meruit beatitudinem.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5066 <p title="I q. 62 a. 4 arg. 3"><a name="30995"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5067 "ref">[30995] Iª q. 62 a. 4 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea, si
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5068 Angelus beatus beatitudinem suam meruit, aut ergo antequam eam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5069 haberet, aut post. Sed non ante, quia, ut multis videtur, ante non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5070 habuit gratiam, sine qua nullum est meritum. Nec etiam post, quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5071 sic etiam modo mereretur, quod videtur esse falsum, quia sic minor
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5072 Angelus merendo ad superioris Angeli gradum posset pertingere, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5073 non essent stabiles distinctiones graduum gratiae; quod est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5074 inconveniens. Non ergo Angelus beatus suam beatitudinem meruit.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5075 <p title="I q. 62 a. 4 s. c."><a name="30996"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5076 "ref">[30996] Iª q. 62 a. 4 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra, Apoc.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5077 XXI, dicitur quod mensura Angeli, in illa caelesti Ierusalem, est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5078 mensura hominis. Sed homo ad beatitudinem pertingere non potest
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5079 nisi per meritum. Ergo neque Angelus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5080 <p title="I q. 62 a. 4 co."><a name="30997"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5081 "ref">[30997] Iª q. 62 a. 4 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5082 quod soli Deo beatitudo perfecta est naturalis quia idem est sibi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5083 esse et beatum esse. Cuiuslibet autem creaturae esse beatum non est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5084 natura, sed ultimus finis. Quaelibet autem res ad ultimum finem per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5085 suam operationem pertingit. Quae quidem operatio in finem ducens,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5086 vel est factiva finis, quando finis non excedit virtutem eius quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5087 operatur propter finem, sicut medicatio est factiva sanitatis, vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5088 est meritoria finis, quando finis excedit virtutem operantis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5089 propter finem, unde expectatur finis ex dono alterius. Beatitudo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5090 autem ultima excedit et naturam angelicam et humanam, ut ex dictis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5091 patet. Unde relinquitur quod tam homo quam Angelus suam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5092 beatitudinem meruerit. Et si quidem Angelus in gratia creatus fuit,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5093 sine qua nullum est meritum, absque difficultate dicere possumus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5094 quod suam beatitudinem meruerit. Et similiter si quis diceret quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5095 qualitercumque gratiam habuerit antequam gloriam. Si vero gratiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5096 non habuit antequam esset beatus, sic oportet dicere quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5097 beatitudinem absque merito habuit, sicut nos gratiam. Quod tamen
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5098 est contra rationem beatitudinis, quae habet rationem finis, et est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5099 praemium virtutis, ut etiam philosophus dicit, in I Ethic. Vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5100 oportet dicere quod Angeli merentur beatitudinem per ea quae iam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5101 beati operantur in divinis ministeriis, ut alii dixerunt. Quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5102 tamen est contra rationem meriti, nam meritum habet rationem viae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5103 ad finem, ei autem qui iam est in termino, non convenit moveri ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5104 terminum; et sic nullus meretur quod iam habet. Vel oportet dicere
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5105 quod unus et idem actus conversionis in Deum, inquantum est ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5106 libero arbitrio, est meritorius; et inquantum pertingit ad finem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5107 est fruitio beata. Sed nec hoc etiam videtur esse conveniens, quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5108 liberum arbitrium non est sufficiens causa meriti unde actus non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5109 potest esse meritorius secundum quod est ex libero arbitrio, nisi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5110 inquantum est gratia informatus; non autem simul potest informari
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5111 gratia imperfecta, quae est principium merendi, et gratia perfecta,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5112 quae est principium fruendi. Unde non videtur esse possibile quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5113 simul fruatur, et suam fruitionem mereatur. Et ideo melius dicendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5114 est quod gratiam habuit Angelus antequam esset beatus, per quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5115 beatitudinem meruit.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5116 <p title="I q. 62 a. 4 ad 1"><a name="30998"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5117 "ref">[30998] Iª q. 62 a. 4 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5118 dicendum quod difficultas bene operandi non est in Angelis ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5119 aliqua contrarietate, vel impedimento naturalis virtutis; sed ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5120 hoc quod opus aliquod bonum est supra virtutem naturae.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5121 <p title="I q. 62 a. 4 ad 2"><a name="30999"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5122 "ref">[30999] Iª q. 62 a. 4 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5123 dicendum quod conversione naturali Angelus non meruit beatitudinem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5124 sed conversione caritatis, quae est per gratiam.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5125 <p title="I q. 62 a. 4 ad 3"><a name="31000"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5126 "ref">[31000] Iª q. 62 a. 4 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium patet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5127 responsio ex dictis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5128 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5129 <div class="E">Articulus 5</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5130 <p title="I q. 62 a. 5 arg. 1"><a name="31001"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5131 "ref">[31001] Iª q. 62 a. 5 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quintum sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5132 proceditur. Videtur quod Angelus non statim post unum actum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5133 meritorium beatitudinem habuerit. Difficilius enim est homini bene
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5134 operari quam Angelo. Sed homo non praemiatur statim post unum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5135 actum. Ergo neque Angelus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5136 <p title="I q. 62 a. 5 arg. 2"><a name="31002"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5137 "ref">[31002] Iª q. 62 a. 5 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5138 Angelus statim in principio suae creationis, et in instanti, actum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5139 aliquem habere potuit, cum etiam corpora naturalia in ipso instanti
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5140 suae creationis moveri incipiant, et si motus corporis in instanti
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5141 esse posset, sicut opera intellectus et voluntatis, in primo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5142 instanti suae generationis motum haberent. Si ergo Angelus per unum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5143 motum suae voluntatis beatitudinem meruit, in primo instanti suae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5144 creationis meruit beatitudinem. Si ergo eorum beatitudo non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5145 retardatur, statim in primo instanti fuerunt beati.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5146 <p title="I q. 62 a. 5 arg. 3"><a name="31003"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5147 "ref">[31003] Iª q. 62 a. 5 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea, inter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5148 multum distantia oportet esse multa media. Sed status beatitudinis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5149 Angelorum multum distat a statu naturae eorum, medium autem inter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5150 utrumque est meritum. Oportuit igitur quod per multa media Angelus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5151 ad beatitudinem perveniret.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5152 <p title="I q. 62 a. 5 s. c."><a name="31004"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5153 "ref">[31004] Iª q. 62 a. 5 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra, anima
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5154 hominis et Angelus similiter ad beatitudinem ordinantur, unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5155 sanctis promittitur aequalitas Angelorum Luc. XX. Sed anima a
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5156 corpore separata, si habeat meritum beatitudinis, statim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5157 beatitudinem consequitur, nisi aliud sit impedimentum. Ergo pari
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5158 ratione et Angelus. Sed statim in primo actu caritatis habuit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5159 meritum beatitudinis. Ergo, cum in eo non esset aliquod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5160 impedimentum, statim ad beatitudinem pervenit per solum unum actum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5161 meritorium.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5162 <p title="I q. 62 a. 5 co."><a name="31005"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5163 "ref">[31005] Iª q. 62 a. 5 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5164 quod Angelus post primum actum caritatis quo beatitudinem meruit,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5165 statim beatus fuit. Cuius ratio est, quia gratia perficit naturam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5166 secundum modum naturae, sicut et omnis perfectio recipitur in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5167 perfectibili secundum modum eius. Est autem hoc proprium naturae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5168 angelicae, quod naturalem perfectionem non per discursum acquirat,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5169 sed statim per naturam habeat, sicut supra ostensum est. Sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5170 autem ex sua natura Angelus habet ordinem ad perfectionem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5171 naturalem, ita ex merito habet ordinem ad gloriam. Et ita statim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5172 post meritum in Angelo fuit beatitudo consecuta. Meritum autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5173 beatitudinis, non solum in Angelo, sed etiam in homine esse potest
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5174 per unicum actum, quia quolibet actu caritate informato homo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5175 beatitudinem meretur. Unde relinquitur quod statim post unum actum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5176 caritate informatum, Angelus beatus fuit.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5177 <p title="I q. 62 a. 5 ad 1"><a name="31006"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5178 "ref">[31006] Iª q. 62 a. 5 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5179 dicendum quod homo secundum suam naturam non statim natus est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5180 ultimam perfectionem adipisci, sicut Angelus. Et ideo homini
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5181 longior via data est ad merendum beatitudinem, quam Angelo.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5182 <p title="I q. 62 a. 5 ad 2"><a name="31007"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5183 "ref">[31007] Iª q. 62 a. 5 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5184 dicendum quod Angelus est supra tempus rerum corporalium, unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5185 instantia diversa in his quae ad Angelos pertinent, non accipiuntur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5186 nisi secundum successionem in ipsorum actibus. Non autem potuit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5187 simul in eis esse actus meritorius beatitudinis, et actus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5188 beatitudinis, qui est fruitio; cum unus sit gratiae imperfectae, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5189 alius gratiae consummatae. Unde relinquitur quod oportet diversa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5190 instantia accipi, in quorum uno meruerit beatitudinem, et in alio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5191 fuerit beatus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5192 <p title="I q. 62 a. 5 ad 3"><a name="31008"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5193 "ref">[31008] Iª q. 62 a. 5 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5194 dicendum quod de natura Angeli est, quod statim suam perfectionem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5195 consequatur ad quam ordinatur. Et ideo non requiritur nisi unus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5196 actus meritorius; qui ea ratione medium dici potest, quia secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5197 ipsum Angelus ad beatitudinem ordinatur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5198 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5199 <div class="E">Articulus 6</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5200 <p title="I q. 62 a. 6 arg. 1"><a name="31009"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5201 "ref">[31009] Iª q. 62 a. 6 arg. 1</span></a> Ad sextum sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5202 proceditur. Videtur quod Angeli non sint consecuti gratiam et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5203 gloriam secundum quantitatem suorum naturalium. Gratia enim ex mera
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5204 Dei voluntate datur. Ergo et quantitas gratiae dependet ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5205 voluntate Dei, et non ex quantitate naturalium.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5206 <p title="I q. 62 a. 6 arg. 2"><a name="31010"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5207 "ref">[31010] Iª q. 62 a. 6 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea, magis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5208 propinquum videtur ad gratiam actus humanus quam natura, quia actus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5209 humanus praeparatorius est ad gratiam. Sed gratia non est ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5210 operibus, ut dicitur Rom. XI. Multo igitur minus quantitas gratiae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5211 in Angelis est secundum quantitatem naturalium.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5212 <p title="I q. 62 a. 6 arg. 3"><a name="31011"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5213 "ref">[31011] Iª q. 62 a. 6 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea, homo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5214 et Angelus pariter ordinantur ad beatitudinem vel gratiam. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5215 homini non datur plus de gratia secundum gradum naturalium. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5216 nec Angelo.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5217 <p title="I q. 62 a. 6 s. c."><a name="31012"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5218 "ref">[31012] Iª q. 62 a. 6 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5219 quod Magister dicit, III dist. II Sent., quod <i>Angeli qui natura
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5220 magis subtiles, et sapientia amplius perspicaces creati sunt, hi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5221 etiam maioribus gratiae muneribus praediti sunt</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5222 <p title="I q. 62 a. 6 co."><a name="31013"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5223 "ref">[31013] Iª q. 62 a. 6 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5224 quod rationabile est quod secundum gradum naturalium Angelis data
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5225 sint dona gratiarum et perfectio beatitudinis. Cuius quidem ratio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5226 ex duobus accipi potest. Primo quidem ex parte ipsius Dei, qui per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5227 ordinem suae sapientiae diversos gradus in angelica natura
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5228 constituit. Sicut autem natura angelica facta est a Deo ad gratiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5229 et beatitudinem consequendam, ita etiam gradus naturae angelicae ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5230 diversos gradus gratiae et gloriae ordinari videntur, ut puta, si
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5231 aedificator lapides polit ad construendam domum, ex hoc ipso quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5232 aliquos pulchrius et decentius aptat, videtur eos ad honoratiorem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5233 partem domus ordinare. Sic igitur videtur quod Deus Angelos quos
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5234 altioris naturae fecit, ad maiora gratiarum dona et ampliorem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5235 beatitudinem ordinaverit. Secundo apparet idem ex parte ipsius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5236 Angeli. Non enim Angelus est compositus ex diversis naturis, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5237 inclinatio unius naturae impetum alterius impediat aut retardet;
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5238 sicut in homine accidit, in quo motus intellectivae partis aut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5239 retardatur aut impeditur ex inclinatione partis sensitivae. Quando
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5240 autem non est aliquid quod retardet aut impediat, natura secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5241 totam suam virtutem movetur. Et ideo rationabile est quod Angeli
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5242 qui meliorem naturam habuerunt, etiam fortius et efficacius ad Deum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5243 sint conversi. Hoc autem etiam in hominibus contingit, quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5244 secundum intensionem conversionis in Deum datur maior gratia et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5245 gloria. Unde videtur quod Angeli qui habuerunt meliora naturalia,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5246 habuerunt plus de gratia et gloria.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5247 <p title="I q. 62 a. 6 ad 1"><a name="31014"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5248 "ref">[31014] Iª q. 62 a. 6 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5249 dicendum quod, sicut gratia est ex mera Dei voluntate, ita etiam et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5250 natura Angeli. Et sicut naturam Dei voluntas ordinavit ad gratiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5251 ita et gradus naturae ad gradus gratiae.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5252 <p title="I q. 62 a. 6 ad 2"><a name="31015"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5253 "ref">[31015] Iª q. 62 a. 6 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5254 dicendum quod actus rationalis creaturae sunt ab ipsa; sed natura
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5255 est immediate a Deo. Unde magis videtur quod gratia detur secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5256 gradum naturae, quam ex operibus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5257 <p title="I q. 62 a. 6 ad 3"><a name="31016"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5258 "ref">[31016] Iª q. 62 a. 6 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5259 dicendum quod diversitas naturalium aliter est in Angelis, qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5260 differunt specie; et aliter in hominibus, qui differunt solo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5261 numero. Differentia enim secundum speciem est propter finem, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5262 differentia secundum numerum est propter materiam. In homine etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5263 est aliquid quod potest impedire vel retardare motum intellectivae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5264 naturae, non autem in Angelis. Unde non est eadem ratio de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5265 utroque.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5266 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5267 <div class="E">Articulus 7</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5268 <p title="I q. 62 a. 7 arg. 1"><a name="31017"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5269 "ref">[31017] Iª q. 62 a. 7 arg. 1</span></a> Ad septimum sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5270 proceditur. Videtur quod in Angelis beatis non remaneat cognitio et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5271 dilectio naturalis. Quia, ut dicitur I Cor. XIII, <i>cum venerit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5272 quod perfectum est, evacuabitur quod ex parte est</i>. Sed dilectio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5273 et cognitio naturalis est imperfecta respectu cognitionis et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5274 dilectionis beatae. Ergo adveniente beatitudine, naturalis cognitio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5275 et dilectio cessat.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5276 <p title="I q. 62 a. 7 arg. 2"><a name="31018"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5277 "ref">[31018] Iª q. 62 a. 7 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea, ubi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5278 unum sufficit, aliud superflue existit. Sed sufficit in Angelis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5279 beatis cognitio et dilectio gloriae. Superfluum ergo esset quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5280 remaneret in eis cognitio et dilectio naturalis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5281 <p title="I q. 62 a. 7 arg. 3"><a name="31019"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5282 "ref">[31019] Iª q. 62 a. 7 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea, eadem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5283 potentia non habet simul duos actus; sicut nec una linea terminatur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5284 ex eadem parte ad duo puncta. Sed Angeli beati sunt semper in actu
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5285 cognitionis et dilectionis beatae, felicitas enim non est secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5286 habitum, sed secundum actum, ut dicitur in I Ethic. Ergo nunquam in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5287 Angelis potest esse cognitio et dilectio naturalis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5288 <p title="I q. 62 a. 7 s. c."><a name="31020"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5289 "ref">[31020] Iª q. 62 a. 7 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5290 quandiu manet natura aliqua, manet operatio eius. Sed beatitudo non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5291 tollit naturam; cum sit perfectio eius. Ergo non tollit naturalem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5292 cognitionem et dilectionem.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5293 <p title="I q. 62 a. 7 co."><a name="31021"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5294 "ref">[31021] Iª q. 62 a. 7 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5295 quod in Angelis beatis remanet cognitio et dilectio naturalis.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5296 Sicut enim se habent principia operationum ad invicem, ita se
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5297 habent et operationes ipsae. Manifestum est autem quod natura ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5298 beatitudinem comparatur sicut primum ad secundum, quia beatitudo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5299 naturae additur. Semper autem oportet salvari primum in secundo.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5300 Unde oportet quod natura salvetur in beatitudine. Et similiter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5301 oportet quod in actu beatitudinis salvetur actus naturae.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5302 <p title="I q. 62 a. 7 ad 1"><a name="31022"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5303 "ref">[31022] Iª q. 62 a. 7 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5304 dicendum quod perfectio adveniens tollit imperfectionem sibi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5305 oppositam. Imperfectio autem naturae non opponitur perfectioni
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5306 beatitudinis, sed substernitur ei, sicut imperfectio potentiae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5307 substernitur perfectioni formae, et non tollitur potentia per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5308 formam, sed tollitur privatio, quae opponitur formae. Et similiter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5309 etiam imperfectio cognitionis naturalis non opponitur perfectioni
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5310 cognitionis gloriae, nihil enim prohibet simul aliquid cognoscere
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5311 per diversa media, sicut simul potest aliquid cognosci per medium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5312 probabile, et demonstrativum. Et similiter potest Angelus simul
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5313 Deum cognoscere per essentiam Dei, quod pertinet ad cognitionem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5314 gloriae, et per essentiam propriam, quod pertinet ad cognitionem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5315 naturae.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5316 <p title="I q. 62 a. 7 ad 2"><a name="31023"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5317 "ref">[31023] Iª q. 62 a. 7 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5318 dicendum quod ea quae sunt beatitudinis, per se sufficiunt. Sed ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5319 hoc quod sint, praeexigunt ea quae sunt naturae, quia nulla
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5320 beatitudo est per se subsistens, nisi beatitudo increata.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5321 <p title="I q. 62 a. 7 ad 3"><a name="31024"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5322 "ref">[31024] Iª q. 62 a. 7 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5323 dicendum quod duae operationes non possunt esse simul unius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5324 potentiae, nisi una ad aliam ordinetur. Cognitio autem et dilectio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5325 naturalis ordinantur ad cognitionem et dilectionem gloriae. Unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5326 nihil prohibet in Angelo simul esse et cognitionem et dilectionem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5327 naturalem, et cognitionem et dilectionem gloriae.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5328 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5329 <div class="E">Articulus 8</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5330 <p title="I q. 62 a. 8 arg. 1"><a name="31025"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5331 "ref">[31025] Iª q. 62 a. 8 arg. 1</span></a> Ad octavum sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5332 proceditur. Videtur quod Angelus beatus peccare possit. Beatitudo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5333 enim non tollit naturam, ut dictum est. Sed de ratione naturae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5334 creatae est quod possit deficere. Ergo Angelus beatus potest
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5335 peccare.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5336 <p title="I q. 62 a. 8 arg. 2"><a name="31026"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5337 "ref">[31026] Iª q. 62 a. 8 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5338 potestates rationales sunt ad opposita, ut philosophus dicit. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5339 voluntas Angeli beati non desinit esse rationalis. Ergo se habet ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5340 bonum et malum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5341 <p title="I q. 62 a. 8 arg. 3"><a name="31027"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5342 "ref">[31027] Iª q. 62 a. 8 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea, ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5343 libertatem arbitrii pertinet quod homo possit eligere bonum et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5344 malum. Sed libertas arbitrii non minuitur in Angelis beatis. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5345 possunt peccare.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5346 <p title="I q. 62 a. 8 s. c."><a name="31028"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5347 "ref">[31028] Iª q. 62 a. 8 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5348 quod Augustinus dicit, XI super Gen. ad Litt., quod illa natura
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5349 quae peccare non potest in sanctis Angelis est. Ergo sancti Angeli
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5350 peccare non possunt.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5351 <p title="I q. 62 a. 8 co."><a name="31029"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5352 "ref">[31029] Iª q. 62 a. 8 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5353 quod Angeli beati peccare non possunt. Cuius ratio est, quia eorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5354 beatitudo in hoc consistit, quod per essentiam Deum vident.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5355 Essentia autem Dei est ipsa essentia bonitatis. Unde hoc modo se
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5356 habet Angelus videns Deum ad ipsum Deum, sicut se habet quicumque
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5357 non videns Deum ad communem rationem boni. Impossibile est autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5358 quod aliquis quidquam velit vel operetur, nisi attendens ad bonum;
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5359 vel quod velit divertere a bono, inquantum huiusmodi. Angelus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5360 igitur beatus non potest velle vel agere, nisi attendens ad Deum.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5361 Sic autem volens vel agens non potest peccare. Unde Angelus beatus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5362 nullo modo peccare potest.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5363 <p title="I q. 62 a. 8 ad 1"><a name="31030"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5364 "ref">[31030] Iª q. 62 a. 8 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5365 dicendum quod bonum creatum, in se consideratum, deficere potest.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5366 Sed ex coniunctione perfecta ad bonum increatum, qualis est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5367 coniunctio beatitudinis, adipiscitur quod peccare non possit,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5368 ratione iam dicta.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5369 <p title="I q. 62 a. 8 ad 2"><a name="31031"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5370 "ref">[31031] Iª q. 62 a. 8 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5371 dicendum quod virtutes rationales se habent ad opposita in illis ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5372 quae non ordinantur naturaliter, sed quantum ad illa ad quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5373 naturaliter ordinantur, non se habent ad opposita. Intellectus enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5374 non potest non assentire principiis naturaliter notis, et similiter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5375 voluntas non potest non adhaerere bono inquantum est bonum, quia in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5376 bonum naturaliter ordinatur sicut in suum obiectum. Voluntas igitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5377 Angeli se habet ad opposita, quantum ad multa facienda vel non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5378 facienda. Sed quantum ad ipsum Deum, quem vident esse ipsam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5379 essentiam bonitatis, non se habent ad opposita; sed secundum ipsum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5380 ad omnia diriguntur, quodcumque oppositorum eligant. Quod sine
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5381 peccato est.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5382 <p title="I q. 62 a. 8 ad 3"><a name="31032"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5383 "ref">[31032] Iª q. 62 a. 8 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5384 dicendum quod liberum arbitrium sic se habet ad eligendum ea quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5385 sunt ad finem, sicut se habet intellectus ad conclusiones.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5386 Manifestum est autem quod ad virtutem intellectus pertinet, ut in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5387 diversas conclusiones procedere possit secundum principia data, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5388 quod in aliquam conclusionem procedat praetermittendo ordinem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5389 principiorum, hoc est ex defectu ipsius. Unde quod liberum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5390 arbitrium diversa eligere possit servato ordine finis, hoc pertinet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5391 ad perfectionem libertatis eius, sed quod eligat aliquid divertendo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5392 ab ordine finis, quod est peccare, hoc pertinet ad defectum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5393 libertatis. Unde maior libertas arbitrii est in Angelis, qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5394 peccare non possunt, quam in nobis, qui peccare possumus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5395 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5396 <div class="E">Articulus 9</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5397 <p title="I q. 62 a. 9 arg. 1"><a name="31033"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5398 "ref">[31033] Iª q. 62 a. 9 arg. 1</span></a> Ad nonum sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5399 proceditur. Videtur quod Angeli beati in beatitudine proficere
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5400 possint. Caritas enim est principium merendi. Sed in Angelis est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5401 perfecta caritas. Ergo Angeli beati possunt mereri. Crescente autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5402 merito, et praemium beatitudinis crescit. Ergo Angeli beati in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5403 beatitudine proficere possunt.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5404 <p title="I q. 62 a. 9 arg. 2"><a name="31034"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5405 "ref">[31034] Iª q. 62 a. 9 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5406 Augustinus dicit, in libro de Doctr. Christ., quod <i>Deus utitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5407 nobis ad nostram utilitatem, et ad suam bonitatem</i>. Et similiter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5408 Angelis, quibus utitur in ministeriis spiritualibus; <i>cum sint
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5409 administratorii spiritus, in ministerium missi propter eos qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5410 haereditatem capiunt salutis</i>, ut dicitur Heb. I. Non autem hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5411 esset ad eorum utilitatem, si per hoc non mererentur nec in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5412 beatitudine proficerent. Relinquitur ergo quod Angeli beati et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5413 mereri, et in beatitudine proficere possunt.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5414 <p title="I q. 62 a. 9 arg. 3"><a name="31035"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5415 "ref">[31035] Iª q. 62 a. 9 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea, ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5416 imperfectionem pertinet quod ille qui non est in summo, non possit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5417 proficere. Sed Angeli non sunt in summo. Si ergo ad maius proficere
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5418 non possunt, videtur quod in eis sit imperfectio et defectus. Quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5419 est inconveniens.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5420 <p title="I q. 62 a. 9 s. c."><a name="31036"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5421 "ref">[31036] Iª q. 62 a. 9 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5422 quod mereri et proficere pertinent ad statum viae. Sed Angeli non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5423 sunt viatores, sed comprehensores. Ergo Angeli beati non possunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5424 mereri, nec in beatitudine proficere.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5425 <p title="I q. 62 a. 9 co."><a name="31037"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5426 "ref">[31037] Iª q. 62 a. 9 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5427 quod in unoquoque motu motoris intentio fertur in aliquid
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5428 determinatum, ad quod mobile perducere intendit, intentio enim est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5429 de fine cui repugnat infinitum. Manifestum est autem quod, cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5430 creatura rationalis per suam virtutem consequi non possit suam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5431 beatitudinem, quae in visione Dei consistit, ut ex superioribus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5432 patet; indiget ut ad beatitudinem a Deo moveatur. Oportet igitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5433 quod sit aliquid determinatum, ad quod quaelibet creatura
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5434 rationalis dirigatur sicut in ultimum finem. Et hoc quidem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5435 determinatum non potest esse, in divina visione, quantum ad ipsum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5436 quod videtur, quia summa veritas ab omnibus beatis secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5437 diversos gradus conspicitur. Sed quantum ad modum visionis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5438 praefigitur diversimode terminus ex intentione dirigentis in finem.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5439 Non enim possibile est quod, sicut rationalis creatura producitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5440 ad videndum summam essentiam, ita producatur ad summum modum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5441 visionis, qui est comprehensio, hic enim modus soli Deo competere
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5442 potest, ut ex supra dictis patet. Sed cum infinita efficacia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5443 requiratur ad Deum comprehendendum, creaturae vero efficacia in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5444 videndo non possit esse nisi finita; ab infinito autem finitum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5445 quodlibet infinitis gradibus distet; infinitis modis contingit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5446 creaturam rationalem intelligere Deum vel clarius vel minus clare.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5447 Et sicut beatitudo consistit in ipsa visione, ita gradus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5448 beatitudinis in certo modo visionis. Sic igitur unaquaeque creatura
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5449 rationalis a Deo perducitur ad finem beatitudinis, ut etiam ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5450 determinatum gradum beatitudinis perducatur ex praedestinatione
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5451 Dei. Unde consecuto illo gradu, ad altiorem transire non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5452 potest.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5453 <p title="I q. 62 a. 9 ad 1"><a name="31038"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5454 "ref">[31038] Iª q. 62 a. 9 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5455 dicendum quod mereri est eius quod movetur ad finem. Movetur autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5456 ad finem creatura rationalis, non solum patiendo, sed etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5457 operando. Et si quidem finis ille subsit virtuti rationalis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5458 creaturae, operatio illa dicetur acquisitiva illius finis, sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5459 homo meditando acquirit scientiam, si vero finis non sit in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5460 potestate eius, sed ab alio expectetur, operatio, erit meritoria
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5461 finis. Ei autem quod est in ultimo termino, non convenit moveri,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5462 sed mutatum esse. Unde caritatis imperfectae, quae est viae, est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5463 mereri, caritatis autem perfectae non est mereri, sed potius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5464 praemio frui. Sicut et in habitibus acquisitis, operatio praecedens
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5465 habitum est acquisitiva habitus, quae vero est ex habitu iam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5466 acquisito, est operatio iam perfecta cum delectatione. Et similiter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5467 actus caritatis perfectae non habet rationem meriti, sed magis est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5468 de perfectione praemii.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5469 <p title="I q. 62 a. 9 ad 2"><a name="31039"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5470 "ref">[31039] Iª q. 62 a. 9 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5471 dicendum quod aliquid dicitur utile dupliciter. Uno modo, sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5472 quod est in via ad finem, et sic utile est meritum beatitudinis.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5473 Alio modo, sicut pars est utilis ad totum, ut paries ad domum. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5474 hoc modo ministeria Angelorum sunt utilia Angelis beatis, inquantum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5475 sunt quaedam pars beatitudinis ipsorum, diffundere enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5476 perfectionem habitam in alia, hoc est de ratione perfecti inquantum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5477 est perfectum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5478 <p title="I q. 62 a. 9 ad 3"><a name="31040"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5479 "ref">[31040] Iª q. 62 a. 9 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5480 dicendum quod, licet Angelus beatus non sit in summo gradu
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5481 beatitudinis simpliciter, est tamen in ultimo quantum ad seipsum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5482 secundum praedestinationem divinam. Potest tamen augeri Angelorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5483 gaudium de salute eorum qui per ipsorum ministerium salvantur;
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5484 secundum illud Luc. XV, <i>gaudium est Angelis Dei super uno
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5485 peccatore poenitentiam agente</i>. Sed hoc gaudium ad praemium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5486 accidentale pertinet, quod quidem augeri potest usque ad diem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5487 iudicii. Unde quidam dicunt quod, quantum ad praemium accidentale,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5488 etiam mereri possunt. Sed melius est ut dicatur quod nullo modo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5489 aliquis beatus mereri potest, nisi sit simul viator et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5490 comprehensor, ut Christus, qui solus fuit viator et comprehensor.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5491 Praedictum enim gaudium magis acquirunt ex virtute beatitudinis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5492 quam illud mereantur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5493 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5494 <div class="D">Quaestio 63</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5495 <div class="G">Prooemium</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5496 <p title="I q. 63 pr."><a name="31041"><span class="ref">[31041]
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5497 Iª q. 63 pr.</span></a> Deinde considerandum est quomodo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5498 Angeli facti sunt mali. Et primo, quantum ad malum culpae; secundo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5499 quantum ad malum poenae. Circa primum quaeruntur novem. Primo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5500 utrum malum culpae in Angelo esse possit. Secundo, cuiusmodi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5501 peccata in eis esse possunt. Tertio, quid appetendo Angelus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5502 peccavit. Quarto, supposito quod aliqui peccato propriae voluntatis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5503 facti sunt mali, utrum aliqui naturaliter sint mali. Quinto,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5504 supposito quod non, utrum aliquis eorum in primo instanti suae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5505 creationis potuerit esse malus per actum propriae voluntatis.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5506 Sexto, supposito quod non, utrum aliqua mora fuerit inter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5507 creationem et lapsum. Septimo, utrum supremus inter cadentes,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5508 fuerit simpliciter inter omnes Angelos summus. Octavo, utrum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5509 peccatum primi Angeli fuerit aliis aliqua causa peccandi. Nono,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5510 utrum tot ceciderint, quot remanserunt.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5511 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5512 <div class="E">Articulus 1</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5513 <p title="I q. 63 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="31042"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5514 "ref">[31042] Iª q. 63 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad primum sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5515 proceditur. Videtur quod malum culpae in Angelis esse non possit.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5516 Quia malum non potest esse nisi in his quae sunt in potentia, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5517 dicitur in IX Metaphys., subiectum enim privationis est ens in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5518 potentia. Sed Angeli, cum sint formae subsistentes, non habent esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5519 in potentia. Ergo in eis non potest esse malum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5520 <p title="I q. 63 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="31043"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5521 "ref">[31043] Iª q. 63 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5522 Angeli sunt digniores quam corpora caelestia. Sed in corporibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5523 caelestibus non potest esse malum, ut philosophi dicunt. Ergo neque
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5524 in Angelis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5525 <p title="I q. 63 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="31044"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5526 "ref">[31044] Iª q. 63 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea, id
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5527 quod est naturale, semper inest. Sed naturale est Angelis quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5528 moveantur motu dilectionis in Deum. Ergo hoc ab eis removeri non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5529 potest. Sed diligendo Deum non peccant. Ergo Angeli peccare non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5530 possunt.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5531 <p title="I q. 63 a. 1 arg. 4"><a name="31045"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5532 "ref">[31045] Iª q. 63 a. 1 arg. 4</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5533 appetitus non est nisi boni, vel apparentis boni. Sed in Angelis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5534 non potest esse apparens bonum, quod non sit verum bonum, quia in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5535 eis vel omnino error esse non potest, vel saltem non potest
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5536 praecedere culpam. Ergo Angeli non possunt appetere nisi id quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5537 est vere bonum. Sed nullus, appetendo id quod est vere bonum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5538 peccat. Ergo Angelus appetendo non peccat.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5539 <p title="I q. 63 a. 1 s. c."><a name="31046"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5540 "ref">[31046] Iª q. 63 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5541 quod dicitur Iob IV, <i>in Angelis suis reperit pravitatem</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5542 <p title="I q. 63 a. 1 co."><a name="31047"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5543 "ref">[31047] Iª q. 63 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5544 quod tam Angelus quam quaecumque creatura rationalis, si in sua
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5545 sola natura consideretur, potest peccare, et cuicumque creaturae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5546 hoc convenit ut peccare non possit, hoc habet ex dono gratiae, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5547 ex conditione naturae. Cuius ratio est, quia peccare nihil est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5548 aliud quam declinare a rectitudine actus quam debet habere; sive
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5549 accipiatur peccatum in naturalibus, sive in artificialibus, sive in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5550 moralibus. Solum autem illum actum a rectitudine declinare non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5551 contingit, cuius regula est ipsa virtus agentis. Si enim manus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5552 artificis esset ipsa regula incisionis, nunquam posset artifex nisi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5553 recte lignum incidere, sed si rectitudo incisionis sit ab alia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5554 regula, contingit incisionem esse rectam et non rectam. Divina
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5555 autem voluntas sola est regula sui actus, quia non ad superiorem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5556 finem ordinatur. Omnis autem voluntas cuiuslibet creaturae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5557 rectitudinem in suo actu non habet, nisi secundum quod regulatur a
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5558 voluntate divina, ad quam pertinet ultimus finis, sicut quaelibet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5559 voluntas inferioris debet regulari secundum voluntatem superioris,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5560 ut voluntas militis secundum voluntatem ducis exercitus. Sic igitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5561 in sola voluntate divina peccatum esse non potest, in qualibet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5562 autem voluntate creaturae potest esse peccatum, secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5563 conditionem suae naturae.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5564 <p title="I q. 63 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="31048"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5565 "ref">[31048] Iª q. 63 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5566 dicendum quod in Angelis non est potentia ad esse naturale. Est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5567 tamen in eis potentia secundum intellectivam partem, ad hoc quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5568 convertantur in hoc vel in illud. Et quantum ad hoc, potest in eis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5569 esse malum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5570 <p title="I q. 63 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="31049"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5571 "ref">[31049] Iª q. 63 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5572 dicendum quod corpora caelestia non habent operationem nisi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5573 naturalem. Et ideo sicut in natura eorum non potest esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5574 corruptionis malum, ita nec in actione naturali eorum potest esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5575 malum inordinationis. Sed supra actionem naturalem in Angelis est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5576 actio liberi arbitrii, secundum quam contingit in eis esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5577 malum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5578 <p title="I q. 63 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="31050"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5579 "ref">[31050] Iª q. 63 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5580 dicendum quod naturale est Angelo quod convertatur motu dilectionis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5581 in Deum, secundum quod est principium naturalis esse. Sed quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5582 convertatur in ipsum secundum quod est obiectum beatitudinis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5583 supernaturalis, hoc est ex amore gratuito, a quo averti potuit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5584 peccando.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5585 <p title="I q. 63 a. 1 ad 4"><a name="31051"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5586 "ref">[31051] Iª q. 63 a. 1 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5587 dicendum quod peccatum in actu liberi arbitrii contingit esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5588 dupliciter. Uno modo, ex hoc quod aliquod malum eligitur, sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5589 homo peccat eligendo adulterium, quod secundum se est malum. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5590 tale peccatum semper procedit ex aliqua ignorantia vel errore,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5591 alioquin id quod est malum, non eligeretur ut bonum. Errat quidem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5592 adulter in particulari, eligens hanc delectationem inordinati actus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5593 quasi aliquod bonum ad nunc agendum, propter inclinationem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5594 passionis aut habitus; etiam si in universali non erret, sed veram
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5595 de hoc sententiam teneat. Hoc autem modo in Angelo peccatum esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5596 non potuit, quia nec in Angelis sunt passiones, quibus ratio aut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5597 intellectus ligetur, ut ex supra dictis patet; nec iterum primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5598 peccatum habitus praecedere potuit ad peccatum inclinans. Alio modo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5599 contingit peccare per liberum arbitrium, eligendo aliquid quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5600 secundum se est bonum, sed non cum ordine debitae mensurae aut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5601 regulae; ita quod defectus inducens peccatum sit solum ex parte
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5602 electionis, quae non habet debitum ordinem, non ex parte rei
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5603 electae; sicut si aliquis eligeret orare, non attendens ad ordinem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5604 ab Ecclesia institutum. Et huiusmodi peccatum non praeexigit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5605 ignorantiam, sed absentiam solum considerationis eorum quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5606 considerari debent. Et hoc modo Angelus peccavit, convertendo se
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5607 per liberum arbitrium ad proprium bonum, absque ordine ad regulam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5608 divinae voluntatis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5609 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5610 <div class="E">Articulus 2</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5611 <p title="I q. 63 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="31052"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5612 "ref">[31052] Iª q. 63 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad secundum sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5613 proceditur. Videtur quod in Angelis non possit esse solum peccatum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5614 superbiae et invidiae. In quemcumque enim cadit delectatio alicuius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5615 peccati, potest cadere peccatum illud. Sed Daemones delectantur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5616 etiam in obscenitatibus carnalium peccatorum, ut Augustinus dicit,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5617 II de Civ. Dei. Ergo in Daemonibus etiam peccata carnalia possunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5618 esse.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5619 <p title="I q. 63 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="31053"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5620 "ref">[31053] Iª q. 63 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea, sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5621 superbia et invidia sunt peccata spiritualia, ita acedia et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5622 avaritia et ira. Sed spiritui conveniunt peccata spiritualia, sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5623 et carni peccata carnalia. Ergo non solum superbia et invidia in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5624 Angelis esse possunt, sed etiam acedia et avaritia.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5625 <p title="I q. 63 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="31054"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5626 "ref">[31054] Iª q. 63 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5627 secundum Gregorium, in moralibus, ex superbia nascuntur plura
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5628 vitia, et similiter ex invidia. Posita autem causa, ponitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5629 effectus. Si ergo superbia et invidia in Angelis esse possunt, pari
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5630 ratione et alia vitia in eis esse possunt.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5631 <p title="I q. 63 a. 2 s. c."><a name="31055"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5632 "ref">[31055] Iª q. 63 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5633 quod Augustinus dicit, XIV libro de Civ. Dei, quod <i>Diabolus non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5634 est fornicator aut ebriosus, neque aliquid huiusmodi, est tamen
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5635 superbus et invidus</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5636 <p title="I q. 63 a. 2 co."><a name="31056"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5637 "ref">[31056] Iª q. 63 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5638 quod peccatum aliquod in aliquo esse potest dupliciter, uno modo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5639 secundum reatum; alio modo, secundum affectum. Secundum reatum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5640 quidem omnia peccata in Daemonibus esse contingit, quia dum homines
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5641 ad omnia peccata inducunt, omnium peccatorum reatum incurrunt.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5642 Secundum affectum vero illa solum peccata in malis Angelis esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5643 possunt, ad quae contingit affici spiritualem naturam. Spiritualem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5644 autem naturam affici non contingit ad bona quae sunt propria
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5645 corpori, sed ad ea quae in rebus spiritualibus inveniri possunt,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5646 nihil enim afficitur nisi ad id quod suae naturae potest esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5647 quodam modo conveniens. In spiritualibus autem bonis non potest
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5648 esse peccatum dum aliquis ad ea afficitur, nisi per hoc quod in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5649 tali affectu superioris regula non servatur. Et hoc est peccatum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5650 superbiae, non subdi superiori in eo quo debet. Unde peccatum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5651 primum Angeli non potest esse aliud quam superbia. Sed consequenter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5652 potuit in eis esse etiam invidia. Eiusdem enim rationis est quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5653 affectus tendat in aliquid appetendum, et quod renitatur opposito.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5654 Invidus autem ex hoc de bono alterius dolet, inquantum bonum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5655 alterius aestimat sui boni impedimentum. Non autem bonum alterius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5656 poterat aestimari impedimentum boni affectati per Angelum malum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5657 nisi inquantum affectavit excellentiam singularem, quae quidem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5658 singularitas per alterius excellentiam cessat. Et ideo post
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5659 peccatum superbiae consecutum est in Angelo peccante malum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5660 invidiae, secundum quod de bono hominis doluit; et etiam de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5661 excellentia divina, secundum quod eo Deus contra voluntatem ipsius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5662 Diaboli utitur in gloriam divinam.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5663 <p title="I q. 63 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="31057"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5664 "ref">[31057] Iª q. 63 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5665 dicendum quod Daemones non delectantur in obscenitatibus carnalium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5666 peccatorum; quasi ipsi afficiantur ad delectationes carnales, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5667 hoc totum ex invidia procedit, quod in peccatis hominum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5668 quibuscumque delectantur, inquantum sunt impedimenta humani
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5669 boni.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5670 <p title="I q. 63 a. 2 ad 2"><a name="31058"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5671 "ref">[31058] Iª q. 63 a. 2 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5672 dicendum quod avaritia, secundum quod est speciale peccatum, est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5673 immoderatus appetitus rerum temporalium quae veniunt in usum vitae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5674 humanae, quaecumque pecunia aestimari possunt, et ad ista non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5675 afficiuntur Daemones, sicut nec ad delectationes carnales. Unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5676 avaritia proprie sumpta in eis esse non potest. Sed si avaritia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5677 dicatur omnis immoderata cupiditas habendi quodcumque bonum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5678 creatum, sic avaritia continetur in superbia quae est in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5679 Daemonibus. Ira vero cum quadam passione est, sicut et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5680 concupiscentia. Unde ipsa in Daemonibus esse non potest nisi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5681 metaphorice. Acedia vero est quaedam tristitia, qua homo redditur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5682 tardus ad spirituales actus propter corporalem laborem; qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5683 Daemonibus non competit. Et sic patet quod sola superbia et invidia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5684 sunt pure spiritualia peccata, quae Daemonibus competere possunt,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5685 ita tamen quod invidia non sumatur pro passione, sed pro voluntate
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5686 renitente bono alterius.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5687 <p title="I q. 63 a. 2 ad 3"><a name="31059"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5688 "ref">[31059] Iª q. 63 a. 2 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5689 dicendum quod sub invidia et superbia, prout in Daemonibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5690 ponuntur, comprehenduntur omnia peccata quae ab illis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5691 derivantur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5692 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5693 <div class="E">Articulus 3</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5694 <p title="I q. 63 a. 3 arg. 1"><a name="31060"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5695 "ref">[31060] Iª q. 63 a. 3 arg. 1</span></a> Ad tertium sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5696 proceditur. Videtur quod Diabolus non appetierit esse ut Deus.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5697 Illud enim quod non cadit in apprehensione, non cadit in appetitu,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5698 cum bonum apprehensum moveat appetitum vel sensibilem vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5699 rationalem, vel intellectualem (in solo enim huiusmodi appetitu
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5700 contingit esse peccatum). Sed creaturam aliquam esse aequalem Deo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5701 non cadit in apprehensione, implicat enim contradictionem, quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5702 necesse est finitum esse infinitum, si aequatur infinito. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5703 Angelus non potuit appetere esse ut Deus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5704 <p title="I q. 63 a. 3 arg. 2"><a name="31061"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5705 "ref">[31061] Iª q. 63 a. 3 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea, illud
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5706 quod est finis naturae, absque peccato appeti potest. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5707 assimilari Deo est finis in quem tendit naturaliter quaelibet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5708 creatura. Si ergo Angelus appetiit esse ut Deus, non per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5709 aequalitatem, sed per similitudinem, videtur quod in hoc non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5710 peccaverit.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5711 <p title="I q. 63 a. 3 arg. 3"><a name="31062"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5712 "ref">[31062] Iª q. 63 a. 3 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5713 Angelus in maiori plenitudine sapientiae conditus est quam homo.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5714 Sed nullus homo, nisi omnino amens, eligit esse aequalis Angelo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5715 nedum Deo, quia electio non est nisi possibilium, de quibus est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5716 consilium. Ergo multo minus peccavit Angelus appetendo esse ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5717 Deus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5718 <p title="I q. 63 a. 3 s. c."><a name="31063"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5719 "ref">[31063] Iª q. 63 a. 3 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5720 quod dicitur Isaiae XIV, ex persona Diaboli, <i>ascendam in caelum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5721 et ero similis altissimo</i>. Et Augustinus dicit in libro de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5722 quaestionibus Vet. Test., quod elatione inflatus, voluit dici
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5723 Deus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5724 <p title="I q. 63 a. 3 co."><a name="31064"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5725 "ref">[31064] Iª q. 63 a. 3 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5726 quod Angelus, absque omni dubio, peccavit appetendo esse ut Deus.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5727 Sed hoc potest intelligi dupliciter, uno modo, per aequiparantiam;
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5728 alio modo, per similitudinem. Primo quidem modo, non potuit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5729 appetere esse ut Deus, quia scivit hoc esse impossibile, naturali
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5730 cognitione; nec primum actum peccandi in ipso praecessit vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5731 habitus vel passio ligans cognoscitivam ipsius virtutem, ut in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5732 particulari deficiens eligeret impossibile, sicut in nobis interdum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5733 accidit. Et tamen, dato quod esset possibile, hoc esset contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5734 naturale desiderium. Inest enim unicuique naturale desiderium ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5735 conservandum suum esse, quod non conservaretur, si transmutaretur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5736 in alteram naturam. Unde nulla res quae est in inferiori gradu
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5737 naturae, potest appetere superioris naturae gradum, sicut asinus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5738 non appetit esse equus, quia si transferretur in gradum superioris
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5739 naturae, iam ipsum non esset. Sed in hoc imaginatio decipitur, quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5740 enim homo appetit esse in altiori gradu quantum ad aliqua
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5741 accidentalia, quae possunt crescere absque corruptione subiecti,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5742 aestimatur quod possit appetere altiorem gradum naturae, in quem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5743 pervenire non posset nisi esse desineret. Manifestum est autem quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5744 Deus excedit Angelum, non secundum aliqua accidentalia, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5745 secundum gradum naturae, et etiam unus Angelus alium. Unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5746 impossibile est quod Angelus inferior appetat esse aequalis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5747 superiori; nedum quod appetat esse aequalis Deo. Appetere autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5748 esse ut Deus per similitudinem, contingit dupliciter. Uno modo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5749 quantum ad id in quo aliquid natum est Deo assimilari. Et sic, si
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5750 aliquis quantum ad hoc appetat esse Deo similis, non peccat,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5751 dummodo similitudinem Dei debito ordine appetat adipisci, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5752 scilicet eam a Deo habeat. Peccaret vero si quis etiam appeteret
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5753 secundum iustitiam esse similis Deo, quasi propria virtute, et non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5754 ex virtute Dei. Alio vero modo potest aliquis appetere similis esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5755 Deo, quantum ad hoc in quo non natus est assimilari; sicut si quis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5756 appeteret creare caelum et terram, quod est proprium Dei; in quo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5757 appetitu esset peccatum. Et hoc modo Diabolus appetiit esse ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5758 Deus. Non ut ei assimilaretur quantum ad hoc quod est nulli subesse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5759 simpliciter, quia sic etiam suum non esse appeteret, cum nulla
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5760 creatura esse possit nisi per hoc quod sub Deo esse participat. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5761 in hoc appetiit esse similis Deo, quia appetiit ut finem ultimum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5762 beatitudinis id ad quod virtute suae naturae poterat pervenire,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5763 avertens suum appetitum a beatitudine supernaturali, quae est ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5764 gratia Dei. Vel si appetiit ut ultimum finem illam Dei
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5765 similitudinem quae datur ex gratia, voluit hoc habere per virtutem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5766 suae naturae, non ex divino auxilio secundum Dei dispositionem. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5767 hoc consonat dictis Anselmi, qui dicit quod appetiit illud ad quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5768 pervenisset si stetisset. Et haec duo quodammodo in idem redeunt,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5769 quia secundum utrumque appetiit finalem beatitudinem per suam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5770 virtutem habere, quod est proprium Dei. Quia vero quod est per se,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5771 est principium et causa eius quod est per aliud, ex hoc etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5772 consecutum est quod appetiit aliquem principatum super alia habere.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5773 In quo etiam perverse voluit Deo assimilari.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5774 <p title="I q. 63 a. 3 ad arg."><a name="31065"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5775 "ref">[31065] Iª q. 63 a. 3 ad arg.</span></a> Et per hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5776 patet responsio ad omnia obiecta.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5777 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5778 <div class="E">Articulus 4</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5779 <p title="I q. 63 a. 4 arg. 1"><a name="31066"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5780 "ref">[31066] Iª q. 63 a. 4 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quartum sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5781 proceditur. Videtur quod aliqui Daemones sint naturaliter mali.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5782 Dicit enim Porphyrius, ut Augustinus introducit X de Civ. Dei, quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5783 <i>est quoddam genus Daemonum natura fallax, simulans deos et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5784 animas defunctorum</i>. Sed esse fallacem est esse malum. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5785 aliqui Daemones sunt naturaliter mali.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5786 <p title="I q. 63 a. 4 arg. 2"><a name="31067"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5787 "ref">[31067] Iª q. 63 a. 4 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea, sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5788 Angeli sunt creati a Deo, ita et homines. Sed aliqui homines sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5789 naturaliter mali, de quibus dicitur Sap. XII, <i>erat eorum malitia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5790 naturalis</i>. Ergo et Angeli aliqui possunt esse naturaliter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5791 mali.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5792 <p title="I q. 63 a. 4 arg. 3"><a name="31068"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5793 "ref">[31068] Iª q. 63 a. 4 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5794 aliqua animalia irrationalia habent quasdam naturales malitias,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5795 sicut vulpes naturaliter est subdola, et lupus naturaliter est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5796 rapax, et tamen sunt creaturae Dei. Ergo et Daemones, licet sint
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5797 creaturae Dei, possunt esse naturaliter mali.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5798 <p title="I q. 63 a. 4 s. c."><a name="31069"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5799 "ref">[31069] Iª q. 63 a. 4 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5800 quod Dionysius dicit, IV cap. de Div. Nom., quod <i>Daemones non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5801 sunt natura mali</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5802 <p title="I q. 63 a. 4 co."><a name="31070"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5803 "ref">[31070] Iª q. 63 a. 4 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5804 quod omne quod est, inquantum est et naturam habet aliquam, in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5805 bonum aliquod naturaliter tendit, utpote ex principio bono
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5806 existens, quia semper effectus convertitur in suum principium.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5807 Contingit autem alicui bono particulari aliquod malum esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5808 adiunctum, sicut igni coniungitur hoc malum quod est esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5809 consumptivum aliorum, sed bono universali nullum malum potest esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5810 adiunctum. Si ergo aliquid sit cuius natura ordinetur in aliquod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5811 bonum particulare, potest naturaliter tendere in aliquod malum, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5812 inquantum malum, sed per accidens, inquantum est coniunctum cuidam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5813 bono. Si vero aliquid sit cuius natura ordinetur in aliquod bonum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5814 secundum communem boni rationem hoc secundum suam naturam non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5815 potest tendere in aliquod malum. Manifestum est autem quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5816 quaelibet natura intellectualis habet ordinem in bonum universale,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5817 quod potest apprehendere, et quod est obiectum voluntatis. Unde cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5818 Daemones sint substantiae intellectuales, nullo modo possunt habere
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5819 inclinationem naturalem in aliquod quodcumque malum. Et ideo non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5820 possunt esse naturaliter mali.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5821 <p title="I q. 63 a. 4 ad 1"><a name="31071"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5822 "ref">[31071] Iª q. 63 a. 4 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5823 dicendum quod Augustinus ibidem reprehendit Porphyrium de hoc quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5824 dixit quod Daemones erant naturaliter fallaces, dicens eos non esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5825 naturaliter fallaces, sed propria voluntate. Porphyrius autem hac
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5826 ratione posuit Daemones esse natura fallaces, quia ponebat Daemones
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5827 esse animalia habentia naturam sensitivam. Natura autem sensitiva
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5828 ordinatur ad aliquod bonum particulare, cui potest esse coniunctum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5829 malum. Et secundum hoc, aliquam inclinationem naturalem habere
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5830 possunt ad malum; per accidens tamen, inquantum malum est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5831 coniunctum bono.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5832 <p title="I q. 63 a. 4 ad 2"><a name="31072"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5833 "ref">[31072] Iª q. 63 a. 4 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5834 dicendum quod malitia aliquorum hominum potest dici naturalis, vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5835 propter consuetudinem, quae est altera natura; vel propter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5836 naturalem inclinationem ex parte naturae sensitivae, ad aliquam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5837 inordinatam passionem, sicut quidam dicuntur naturaliter iracundi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5838 vel concupiscentes; non autem ex parte naturae intellectualis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5839 <p title="I q. 63 a. 4 ad 3"><a name="31073"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5840 "ref">[31073] Iª q. 63 a. 4 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5841 dicendum quod animalia bruta secundum naturam sensitivam habent
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5842 naturalem inclinationem ad quaedam particularia bona, quibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5843 coniuncta sunt aliqua mala; sicut vulpes ad quaerendum victum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5844 sagaciter, cui adiungitur dolositas. Unde esse dolosum non est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5845 malum vulpi, cum sit ei naturale; sicut nec esse furiosum est malum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5846 cani, sicut Dionysius dicit, IV cap. de Div. Nom.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5847 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5848 <div class="E">Articulus 5</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5849 <p title="I q. 63 a. 5 arg. 1"><a name="31074"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5850 "ref">[31074] Iª q. 63 a. 5 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quintum sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5851 proceditur. Videtur quod Diabolus in primo instanti suae creationis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5852 fuerit malus per culpam propriae voluntatis. Dicitur enim Ioan.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5853 VIII, de Diabolo, <i>ille homicida erat ab initio</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5854 <p title="I q. 63 a. 5 arg. 2"><a name="31075"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5855 "ref">[31075] Iª q. 63 a. 5 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5856 secundum Augustinum, I super Gen. ad Litt., informitas creaturae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5857 non praecessit formationem tempore, sed origine tantum. Per caelum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5858 autem quod legitur primo creatum, ut ipse dicit in II libro,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5859 intelligitur natura angelica informis; per hoc autem quod dicitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5860 quod Deus dixit, fiat lux, et facta est lux, intelligitur formatio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5861 eius per conversionem ad verbum; simul ergo natura Angeli creata
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5862 est, et facta est lux. Sed simul dum facta est lux, distincta est a
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5863 tenebris, per quas intelliguntur Angeli peccantes. Ergo in primo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5864 instanti suae creationis quidam Angeli fuerunt beati, et quidam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5865 peccaverunt.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5866 <p title="I q. 63 a. 5 arg. 3"><a name="31076"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5867 "ref">[31076] Iª q. 63 a. 5 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5868 peccatum opponitur merito. Sed in primo instanti suae creationis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5869 aliqua natura intellectualis potest mereri; sicut anima Christi,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5870 vel etiam ipsi boni Angeli. Ergo et Daemones in primo instanti suae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5871 creationis potuerunt peccare.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5872 <p title="I q. 63 a. 5 arg. 4"><a name="31077"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5873 "ref">[31077] Iª q. 63 a. 5 arg. 4</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5874 natura angelica virtuosior est quam natura corporea. Sed res
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5875 corporalis statim in primo instanti suae creationis incipit habere
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5876 suam operationem; sicut ignis in primo instanti quo generatus est,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5877 incipit moveri sursum. Ergo et Angelus in primo instanti suae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5878 creationis potuit operari. Aut ergo habuit operationem rectam, aut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5879 non rectam. Si rectam, cum gratiam habuerint, per eam meruerunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5880 beatitudinem. In Angelis autem statim ad meritum sequitur praemium,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5881 ut supra dictum est. Ergo fuissent statim beati, et ita nunquam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5882 peccassent, quod est falsum. Relinquitur ergo quod in primo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5883 instanti, non recte operando, peccaverunt.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5884 <p title="I q. 63 a. 5 s. c."><a name="31078"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5885 "ref">[31078] Iª q. 63 a. 5 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5886 quod dicitur Gen. I, <i>vidit Deus cuncta quae fecerat, et erant
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5887 valde bona</i>. Inter ea autem erant etiam Daemones. Ergo et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5888 Daemones aliquando fuerunt boni.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5889 <p title="I q. 63 a. 5 co."><a name="31079"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5890 "ref">[31079] Iª q. 63 a. 5 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5891 quod quidam posuerunt quod statim Daemones in primo instanti suae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5892 creationis mali fuerunt, non quidem per naturam, sed per peccatum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5893 propriae voluntatis, quia <i>ex quo est factus Diabolus, iustitiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5894 recusavit. Cui sententiae</i>, ut Augustinus dicit, XI de Civ. Dei,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5895 <i>quisquis acquiescit, non cum illis haereticis sapit, idest
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5896 Manichaeis, qui dicunt quod Diabolus habet naturam mali</i>. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5897 quia haec opinio auctoritati Scripturae contradicit (dicitur enim,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5898 sub figura principis Babylonis, de Diabolo, Isaiae XIV, <i>quomodo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5899 cecidisti, Lucifer, qui mane oriebaris?</i> Et Ezech. XXVIII, <i>in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5900 deliciis Paradisi Dei fuisti</i> dicitur ad Diabolum sub persona
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5901 regis Tyri), ideo a magistris haec opinio tanquam erronea
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5902 rationabiliter reprobata est. Unde aliqui dixerunt quod Angeli in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5903 primo instanti suae creationis peccare potuerunt, sed non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5904 peccaverunt. Sed haec opinio etiam a quibusdam improbatur ea
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5905 ratione quia, cum duae operationes se consequuntur, impossibile
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5906 videtur quod in eodem nunc utraque operatio terminetur. Manifestum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5907 est autem quod peccatum Angeli fuit operatio creatione posterior.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5908 Terminus autem creationis est ipsum esse Angeli; terminus vero
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5909 operationis peccati est quod sunt mali. Impossibile ergo videtur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5910 quod in primo instanti quo Angelus esse coepit, fuerit malus. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5911 haec ratio non videtur sufficiens. Habet enim solum locum in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5912 motibus temporalibus, qui successive aguntur; sicut si motus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5913 localis sequitur ad alterationem, non potest in eodem instanti
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5914 terminari alteratio et localis motus. Sed si sunt mutationes
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5915 instantaneae, simul et in eodem instanti potest esse terminus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5916 primae et secundae mutationis; sicut in eodem instanti in quo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5917 illuminatur luna a sole, illuminatur aer a luna. Manifestum est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5918 autem quod creatio est instantanea; et similiter motus liberi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5919 arbitrii in Angelis; non enim indigent collatione et discursu
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5920 rationis, ut ex supra dictis patet. Unde nihil prohibet simul et in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5921 eodem instanti esse terminum creationis, et terminum liberi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5922 arbitrii. Et ideo aliter dicendum est, quod impossibile fuit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5923 Angelum in primo instanti peccasse per inordinatum actum liberi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5924 arbitrii. Quamvis enim res aliqua in primo instanti quo esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5925 incipit, simul incipere possit operari; tamen illa operatio quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5926 simul incipit cum esse rei, est ei ab agente a quo habet esse;
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5927 sicut moveri sursum inest igni a generante. Unde si aliqua res
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5928 habeat esse ab agente deficiente, quod possit esse causa defectivae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5929 actionis, poterit in primo instanti in quo incipit esse, habere
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5930 defectivam operationem; sicut si tibia quae nascitur clauda ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5931 debilitate seminis, statim incipiat claudicare. Agens autem quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5932 Angelos in esse produxit, scilicet Deus, non potest esse causa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5933 peccati. Unde non potest dici quod Diabolus in primo instanti suae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5934 creationis fuerit malus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5935 <p title="I q. 63 a. 5 ad 1"><a name="31080"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5936 "ref">[31080] Iª q. 63 a. 5 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5937 dicendum quod, sicut Augustinus dicit, XI de Civ. Dei, <i>cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5938 dicitur quod Diabolus ab initio peccat non ab initio ex quo creatus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5939 est, peccare putandus est, sed ab initio peccati</i>; scilicet quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5940 nunquam a peccato suo recessit.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5941 <p title="I q. 63 a. 5 ad 2"><a name="31081"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5942 "ref">[31081] Iª q. 63 a. 5 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5943 dicendum quod illa distinctio lucis et tenebrarum, secundum quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5944 per tenebras peccata Daemonum intelliguntur, accipienda est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5945 secundum Dei praescientiam. Unde Augustinus dicit, XI de Civ. Dei,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5946 quod <i>solus lucem ac tenebras discernere potuit, qui potuit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5947 etiam, priusquam caderent, praescire casuros</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5948 <p title="I q. 63 a. 5 ad 3"><a name="31082"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5949 "ref">[31082] Iª q. 63 a. 5 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5950 dicendum quod quidquid est in merito, est a Deo, et ideo in primo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5951 instanti suae creationis Angelus mereri potuit. Sed non est similis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5952 ratio de peccato, ut dictum est.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5953 <p title="I q. 63 a. 5 ad 4"><a name="31083"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5954 "ref">[31083] Iª q. 63 a. 5 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5955 dicendum quod Deus non discrevit inter Angelos ante aversionem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5956 quorundam et conversionem aliorum, ut Augustinus dicit, XI de Civ.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5957 Dei, et ideo omnes, in gratia creati in primo instanti meruerunt.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5958 Sed quidam eorum statim impedimentum praestiterunt suae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5959 beatitudinis, praecedens meritum mortificantes. Et ideo beatitudine
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5960 quam meruerunt, sunt privati.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5961 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5962 <div class="E">Articulus 6</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5963 <p title="I q. 63 a. 6 arg. 1"><a name="31084"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5964 "ref">[31084] Iª q. 63 a. 6 arg. 1</span></a> Ad sextum sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5965 proceditur. Videtur quod aliqua mora fuerit inter creationem et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5966 lapsum Angeli. Dicitur enim Ezech. XXVIII, <i>ambulasti perfectus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5967 in viis tuis a die conceptionis tuae, donec inventa est iniquitas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5968 in te</i>. Sed ambulatio, cum sit motus continuus, requirit aliquam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5969 moram. Ergo aliqua mora fuit inter creationem Diaboli et eius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5970 lapsum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5971 <p title="I q. 63 a. 6 arg. 2"><a name="31085"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5972 "ref">[31085] Iª q. 63 a. 6 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5973 Origenes dicit quod <i>serpens antiquus non statim supra pectus et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5974 ventrem suum ambulavit</i>; per quod intelligitur eius peccatum.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5975 Ergo Diabolus non statim post primum instans suae creationis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5976 peccavit.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5977 <p title="I q. 63 a. 6 arg. 3"><a name="31086"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5978 "ref">[31086] Iª q. 63 a. 6 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea, posse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5979 peccare commune est homini et Angelo. Fuit autem aliqua mora inter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5980 formationem hominis et eius peccatum. Ergo, pari ratione, fuit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5981 aliqua mora inter formationem Diaboli et eius peccatum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5982 <p title="I q. 63 a. 6 arg. 4"><a name="31087"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5983 "ref">[31087] Iª q. 63 a. 6 arg. 4</span></a> Praeterea, aliud
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5984 instans fuit in quo Diabolus peccavit, ab instanti in quo creatus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5985 fuit. Sed inter quaelibet duo instantia cadit tempus medium. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5986 aliqua mora fuit inter creationem eius et lapsum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5987 <p title="I q. 63 a. 6 s. c."><a name="31088"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5988 "ref">[31088] Iª q. 63 a. 6 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5989 quod dicitur Ioan. VIII, de Diabolo, quod <i>in veritate non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5990 stetit</i>. Et sicut Augustinus dicit, XI de Civ. Dei, <i>oportet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5991 ut hoc sic accipiamus, quod in veritate fuerit, sed non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5992 permanserit</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5993 <p title="I q. 63 a. 6 co."><a name="31089"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5994 "ref">[31089] Iª q. 63 a. 6 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5995 quod circa hoc est duplex opinio. Sed probabilior, et sanctorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5996 dictis magis consona est, quod statim post primum instans suae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5997 creationis Diabolus peccaverit. Et hoc necesse est dicere, si
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5998 ponatur quod in primo instanti suae creationis in actum liberi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5999 arbitrii proruperit, et cum gratia fuerit creatus, ut supra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6000 diximus. Cum enim Angeli per unum actum meritorium ad beatitudinem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6001 perveniant, ut supra dictum est; si Diabolus in primo instanti, in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6002 gratia creatus, meruit, statim post primum instans beatitudinem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6003 accepisset, nisi statim impedimentum praestitisset peccando. Si
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6004 vero ponatur quod Angelus in gratia creatus non fuerit; vel quod in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6005 primo instanti actum liberi arbitrii non potuerit habere; nihil
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6006 prohibet aliquam moram fuisse inter creationem et lapsum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6007 <p title="I q. 63 a. 6 ad 1"><a name="31090"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6008 "ref">[31090] Iª q. 63 a. 6 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6009 dicendum quod per motus corporales, qui per tempus mensurantur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6010 quandoque in sacra Scriptura intelliguntur metaphorice motus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6011 spirituales instantanei. Et sic per ambulationem intelligitur motus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6012 liberi arbitrii tendentis in bonum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6013 <p title="I q. 63 a. 6 ad 2"><a name="31091"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6014 "ref">[31091] Iª q. 63 a. 6 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6015 dicendum quod Origenes dicit quod <i>serpens antiquus non a
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6016 principio, nec statim supra pectus</i> ambulavit, propter primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6017 instans, in quo malus non fuit.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6018 <p title="I q. 63 a. 6 ad 3"><a name="31092"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6019 "ref">[31092] Iª q. 63 a. 6 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6020 dicendum quod Angelus habet liberum arbitrium inflexibile post
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6021 electionem, et ideo nisi statim post primum instans, in quo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6022 naturalem motum habuit ad bonum, impedimentum beatitudini
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6023 praestitisset, fuisset firmatus in bono. Sed non est simile de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6024 homine. Et ideo ratio non sequitur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6025 <p title="I q. 63 a. 6 ad 4"><a name="31093"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6026 "ref">[31093] Iª q. 63 a. 6 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6027 dicendum quod inter quaelibet duo instantia esse tempus medium,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6028 habet veritatem inquantum tempus est continuum, ut probatur in VI
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6029 Physic. Sed in Angelis, qui non sunt subiecti caelesti motui, qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6030 primo per tempus continuum mensuratur, tempus accipitur pro ipsa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6031 successione operationum intellectus, vel etiam affectus. Sic igitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6032 instans primum in Angelis intelligitur respondere operationi mentis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6033 angelicae, qua se in seipsam convertit per vespertinam cognitionem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6034 quia in primo die commemoratur vespere, sed non mane. Et haec
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6035 quidem operatio in omnibus bona fuit. Sed ab hac operatione quidam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6036 per matutinam cognitionem ad laudem verbi sunt conversi, quidam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6037 vero, in seipsis remanentes, facti sunt nox, per superbiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6038 intumescentes, ut Augustinus dicit, IV super Gen. ad Litt. Et sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6039 prima operatio fuit omnibus communis; sed in secunda sunt discreti.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6040 Et ideo in primo instanti omnes fuerunt boni; sed in secundo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6041 fuerunt boni a malis distincti.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6042 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6043 <div class="E">Articulus 7</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6044 <p title="I q. 63 a. 7 arg. 1"><a name="31094"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6045 "ref">[31094] Iª q. 63 a. 7 arg. 1</span></a> Ad septimum sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6046 proceditur. Videtur quod ille Angelus qui fuit supremus inter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6047 peccantes, non fuerit supremus inter omnes. Dicitur enim de eo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6048 Ezech. XXVIII, <i>tu Cherub extentus et protegens, posui te in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6049 monte sancto Dei</i>. Sed ordo Cherubim est sub ordine Seraphim, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6050 Dionysius dicit, VII cap. Ang. Hier. Ergo Angelus qui fuit supremus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6051 inter peccantes, non fuit supremus inter omnes.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6052 <p title="I q. 63 a. 7 arg. 2"><a name="31095"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6053 "ref">[31095] Iª q. 63 a. 7 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea, Deus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6054 fecit naturam intellectualem propter beatitudinem consequendam. Si
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6055 igitur Angelus qui fuit supremus inter omnes, peccavit, sequitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6056 quod ordinatio divina fuerit frustrata in nobilissima creatura.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6057 Quod est inconveniens.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6058 <p title="I q. 63 a. 7 arg. 3"><a name="31096"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6059 "ref">[31096] Iª q. 63 a. 7 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6060 quanto aliquid magis inclinatur in aliquid, tanto minus potest ab
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6061 illo deficere. Sed Angelus quanto est superior, tanto magis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6062 inclinatur in Deum. Ergo minus potest a Deo peccando deficere. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6063 sic videtur quod Angelus qui peccavit, non fuerit supremus inter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6064 omnes, sed de inferioribus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6065 <p title="I q. 63 a. 7 s. c."><a name="31097"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6066 "ref">[31097] Iª q. 63 a. 7 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6067 quod dicit Gregorius, in homilia de centum ovibus, <i>quod primus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6068 Angelus qui peccavit, dum cunctis agminibus Angelorum praelatus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6069 eorum claritatem transcenderet, ex eorum comparatione clarior
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6070 fuit</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6071 <p title="I q. 63 a. 7 co."><a name="31098"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6072 "ref">[31098] Iª q. 63 a. 7 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6073 quod in peccato est duo considerare, scilicet pronitatem ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6074 peccandum; et motivum ad peccandum. Si ergo consideremus in Angelis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6075 pronitatem ad peccandum, minus videtur quod peccaverint superiores
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6076 Angeli, quam inferiores. Et propter hoc Damascenus dicit quod maior
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6077 eorum qui peccaverunt, fuit terrestri ordini praelatus. Et videtur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6078 haec opinio consonare positioni Platonicorum, quam Augustinus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6079 recitat in Lib. de Civ. Dei VIII et X. Dicebant enim quod omnes dii
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6080 erant boni, sed Daemonum quidam boni, quidam mali; deos nominantes
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6081 substantias intellectuales quae sunt a globo lunari superius,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6082 Daemones vero substantias intellectuales quae sunt a globo lunari
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6083 inferius, superiores hominibus ordine naturae. Nec est abiicienda
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6084 haec opinio tanquam a fide aliena, quia tota creatura corporalis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6085 administratur a Deo per Angelos, ut Augustinus dicit, III de Trin.;
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6086 unde nihil prohibet dicere inferiores Angelos divinitus distributos
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6087 esse ad administrandum inferiora corpora, superiores vero ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6088 administrandum corpora superiora, supremos vero ad assistendum Deo.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6089 Et secundum hoc Damascenus dicit quod illi qui ceciderunt, fuerunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6090 de inferioribus, in quorum etiam ordine aliqui boni Angeli
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6091 permanserunt. Si vero consideretur motivum ad peccandum, maius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6092 invenitur in superioribus quam in inferioribus. Fuit enim Daemonum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6093 peccatum superbia, ut supra dictum est; cuius motivum est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6094 excellentia, quae fuit maior in superioribus. Et ideo Gregorius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6095 dicit quod ille qui peccavit, fuit superior inter omnes. Et hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6096 videtur probabilius. Quia peccatum Angeli non processit ex aliqua
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6097 pronitate, sed ex solo libero arbitrio, unde magis videtur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6098 consideranda esse ratio quae sumitur a motivo ad peccandum. Non est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6099 tamen inde alii opinioni praeiudicandum, quia etiam in principe
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6100 inferiorum Angelorum potuit esse aliquod motivum ad peccandum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6101 <p title="I q. 63 a. 7 ad 1"><a name="31099"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6102 "ref">[31099] Iª q. 63 a. 7 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6103 dicendum quod Cherubim interpretatur plenitudo scientiae; Seraphim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6104 autem interpretatur ardentes sive incedentes. Et sic patet quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6105 Cherubim denominatur a scientia, quae potest esse cum mortali
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6106 peccato; Seraphim vero denominatur ab ardore caritatis, quae cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6107 peccato mortali esse non potest. Et ideo primus Angelus peccans non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6108 est denominatus Seraphim, sed Cherubim.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6109 <p title="I q. 63 a. 7 ad 2"><a name="31100"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6110 "ref">[31100] Iª q. 63 a. 7 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6111 dicendum quod divina intentio non frustratur nec in his qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6112 peccant, nec in his qui salvantur, utrorumque enim eventum Deus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6113 praecognoscit, et ex utroque habet gloriam, dum hos ex sua bonitate
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6114 salvat, illos ex sua iustitia punit. Ipsa vero creatura
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6115 intellectualis, dum peccat, a fine debito deficit. Nec hoc est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6116 inconveniens in quacumque creatura sublimi, sic enim creatura
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6117 intellectualis instituta est a Deo, ut in eius arbitrio positum sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6118 agere propter finem.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6119 <p title="I q. 63 a. 7 ad 3"><a name="31101"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6120 "ref">[31101] Iª q. 63 a. 7 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6121 dicendum quod quantacumque inclinatio ad bonum fuerit in supremo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6122 Angelo, tamen ei necessitatem non inducebat. Unde potuit per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6123 liberum arbitrium eam non sequi.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6124 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6125 <div class="E">Articulus 8</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6126 <p title="I q. 63 a. 8 arg. 1"><a name="31102"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6127 "ref">[31102] Iª q. 63 a. 8 arg. 1</span></a> Ad octavum sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6128 proceditur. Videtur quod peccatum primi Angeli peccantis non fuit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6129 aliis causa peccandi. Causa enim prior est causato. Sed omnes simul
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6130 peccaverunt, ut Damascenus dicit. Ergo peccatum unius non fuit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6131 aliis causa peccandi.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6132 <p title="I q. 63 a. 8 arg. 2"><a name="31103"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6133 "ref">[31103] Iª q. 63 a. 8 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6134 primum peccatum Angeli non potest esse nisi superbia, ut supra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6135 dictum est. Sed superbia excellentiam quaerit. Magis autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6136 excellentiae repugnat quod aliquis inferiori subdatur, quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6137 superiori, et sic non videtur quod Daemones peccaverint per hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6138 quod voluerunt subesse alicui superiorum Angelorum, potius quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6139 Deo. Sic autem peccatum unius Angeli fuisset aliis causa peccandi,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6140 si eos ad hoc induxisset ut sibi subiicerentur. Non ergo videtur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6141 quod peccatum primi Angeli fuerit causa peccandi aliis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6142 <p title="I q. 63 a. 8 arg. 3"><a name="31104"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6143 "ref">[31104] Iª q. 63 a. 8 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea, maius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6144 peccatum est velle subesse alteri contra Deum, quam contra Deum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6145 alteri velle praeesse, quia minus habet de motivo ad peccandum. Si
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6146 ergo peccatum primi Angeli fuit aliis causa peccandi in hoc, quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6147 eos ut sibi subiicerentur induxit, gravius peccassent inferiores
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6148 Angeli quam supremus, quod est contra hoc quod super illud Psalmi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6149 CIII, <i>draco iste quem formasti</i>, dicit Glossa, <i>qui ceteris
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6150 in esse erat excellentior, factus est in malitia maior</i>. Non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6151 ergo peccatum primi Angeli fuit aliis causa peccandi.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6152 <p title="I q. 63 a. 8 s. c."><a name="31105"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6153 "ref">[31105] Iª q. 63 a. 8 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6154 quod dicitur Apoc. XII, quod draco traxit secum tertiam partem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6155 stellarum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6156 <p title="I q. 63 a. 8 co."><a name="31106"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6157 "ref">[31106] Iª q. 63 a. 8 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6158 quod peccatum primi Angeli fuit aliis causa peccandi, non quidem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6159 cogens, sed quadam quasi exhortatione inducens. Cuius signum ex hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6160 apparet, quod omnes Daemones illi supremo subduntur; ut manifeste
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6161 apparet per illud quod dicit dominus, Matth. XXV, <i>ite,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6162 maledicti, in ignem aeternum, qui paratus est Diabolo et Angelis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6163 eius</i>. Habet enim hoc ordo divinae iustitiae, ut cuius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6164 suggestioni aliquis consentit in culpa, eius potestati subdatur in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6165 poena; secundum illud II Petr. II, a quo quis superatus est, huic
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6166 servus addictus est.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6167 <p title="I q. 63 a. 8 ad 1"><a name="31107"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6168 "ref">[31107] Iª q. 63 a. 8 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6169 dicendum quod, licet simul Daemones peccaverint, tamen peccatum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6170 unius potuit esse aliis causa peccandi. Angelus enim non indiget ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6171 eligendum vel exhortandum vel etiam consentiendum, temporis mora;
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6172 sicut homo, qui deliberatione indiget ad eligendum et ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6173 consentiendum, et locutione vocali ad exhortandum, quorum utrumque
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6174 tempore agitur. Manifestum est autem quod etiam homo simul dum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6175 aliquid iam corde concepit, in eodem instanti incipit loqui. Et in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6176 ultimo instanti locutionis, in quo aliquis sensum loquentis capit,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6177 potest assentire ei quod dicitur, ut patet maxime in primis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6178 conceptionibus, quas quisque probat auditas. Sublato ergo tempore
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6179 locutionis et deliberationis quod in nobis requiritur, in eodem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6180 instanti in quo primus Angelus suam affectionem intelligibili
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6181 locutione expressit, possibile fuit aliis in eam consentire.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6182 <p title="I q. 63 a. 8 ad 2"><a name="31108"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6183 "ref">[31108] Iª q. 63 a. 8 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6184 dicendum quod superbus, ceteris paribus, magis vult subesse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6185 superiori quam inferiori. Sed si aliquam excellentiam consequatur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6186 sub inferiori, quam sub superiori consequi non possit, magis eligit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6187 inferiori subesse quam superiori. Sic igitur non fuit contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6188 superbiam Daemonum quod subesse inferiori voluerunt, in eius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6189 principatum consentientes; ad hoc eum principem et ducem habere
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6190 volentes, ut virtute naturali suam ultimam beatitudinem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6191 consequerentur; praesertim quia supremo Angelo naturae ordine etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6192 tunc subiecti erant.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6193 <p title="I q. 63 a. 8 ad 3"><a name="31109"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6194 "ref">[31109] Iª q. 63 a. 8 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6195 dicendum quod, sicut supra dictum est, Angelus non habet aliquid
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6196 retardans, sed secundum suam totam virtutem movetur in illud ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6197 quod movetur, sive in bonum sive in malum. Quia igitur supremus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6198 Angelus maiorem habuit naturalem virtutem quam inferiores,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6199 intensiori motu in peccatum prolapsus est. Et ideo factus est etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6200 in malitia maior.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6201 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6202 <div class="E">Articulus 9</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6203 <p title="I q. 63 a. 9 arg. 1"><a name="31110"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6204 "ref">[31110] Iª q. 63 a. 9 arg. 1</span></a> Ad nonum sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6205 proceditur. Videtur quod plures peccaverunt de Angelis, quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6206 permanserunt. Quia, ut dicit philosophus, <i>malum est ut in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6207 pluribus, bonum ut in paucioribus</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6208 <p title="I q. 63 a. 9 arg. 2"><a name="31111"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6209 "ref">[31111] Iª q. 63 a. 9 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6210 iustitia et peccatum eadem ratione inveniuntur in Angelis et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6211 hominibus. Sed in hominibus plures inveniuntur mali quam boni;
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6212 secundum illud Eccle. I, <i>stultorum infinitus est numerus</i>.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6213 Ergo pari ratione in Angelis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6214 <p title="I q. 63 a. 9 arg. 3"><a name="31112"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6215 "ref">[31112] Iª q. 63 a. 9 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6216 Angeli distinguuntur secundum personas, et secundum ordines. Si
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6217 igitur plures personae angelicae remanserunt, videtur etiam quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6218 non de omnibus ordinibus aliqui peccaverunt.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6219 <p title="I q. 63 a. 9 s. c."><a name="31113"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6220 "ref">[31113] Iª q. 63 a. 9 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6221 quod dicitur IV Reg. VI, <i>plures nobiscum sunt quam cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6222 illis</i>; quod exponitur de bonis Angelis qui sunt nobiscum in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6223 auxilium, et de malis qui nobis adversantur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6224 <p title="I q. 63 a. 9 co."><a name="31114"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6225 "ref">[31114] Iª q. 63 a. 9 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6226 quod plures Angeli permanserunt quam peccaverunt. Quia peccatum est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6227 contra naturalem inclinationem, ea vero quae contra naturam fiunt,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6228 ut in paucioribus accidunt; natura enim consequitur suum effectum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6229 vel semper, vel ut in pluribus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6230 <p title="I q. 63 a. 9 ad 1"><a name="31115"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6231 "ref">[31115] Iª q. 63 a. 9 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6232 dicendum quod philosophus loquitur quantum ad homines, in quibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6233 malum contingit ex hoc quod sequuntur bona sensibilia, quae sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6234 pluribus nota, deserto bono rationis, quod paucioribus notum est.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6235 In Angelis autem non est nisi natura intellectualis. Unde non est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6236 similis ratio.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6237 <p title="I q. 63 a. 9 ad 2"><a name="31116"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6238 "ref">[31116] Iª q. 63 a. 9 ad 2</span></a> Et per hoc patet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6239 responsio ad secundum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6240 <p title="I q. 63 a. 9 ad 3"><a name="31117"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6241 "ref">[31117] Iª q. 63 a. 9 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6242 dicendum quod secundum illos qui dicunt quod Diabolus maior fuit de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6243 inferiori ordine Angelorum, qui praesunt terrestribus, manifestum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6244 est quod non de quolibet ordine ceciderunt, sed de infimo tantum.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6245 Secundum vero illos qui ponunt maiorem Diabolum de supremo fuisse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6246 ordine, probabile est quod de quolibet ordine aliqui ceciderunt;
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6247 sicut et in quemlibet ordinem homines assumuntur in supplementum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6248 ruinae angelicae. In quo etiam magis comprobatur libertas liberi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6249 arbitrii, quae secundum quemlibet gradum creaturae in malum flecti
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6250 potest. In sacra Scriptura tamen nomina quorundam ordinum, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6251 Seraphim et thronorum, Daemonibus non attribuuntur; quia haec
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6252 nomina sumuntur ab ardore caritatis et ab inhabitatione Dei, quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6253 non possunt esse cum peccato mortali. Attribuuntur autem eis nomina
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6254 Cherubim, potestatum et principatuum, quia haec nomina sumuntur a
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6255 scientia et potentia, quae bonis malisque possunt esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6256 communia.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6257 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6258 <div class="D">Quaestio 64</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6259 <div class="G">Prooemium</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6260 <p title="I q. 64 pr."><a name="31118"><span class="ref">[31118]
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6261 Iª q. 64 pr.</span></a> Consequenter quaeritur de poena
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6262 Daemonum. Et circa hoc quaeruntur quatuor. Primo, de obtenebratione
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6263 intellectus. Secundo, de obstinatione voluntatis. Tertio, de dolore
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6264 ipsorum. Quarto, de loco poenali ipsorum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6265 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6266 <div class="E">Articulus 1</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6267 <p title="I q. 64 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="31119"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6268 "ref">[31119] Iª q. 64 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad primum sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6269 proceditur. Videtur quod intellectus Daemonis sit obtenebratus per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6270 privationem cognitionis omnis veritatis. Si enim aliquam veritatem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6271 cognoscerent, maxime cognoscerent seipsos, quod est cognoscere
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6272 substantias separatas. Hoc autem eorum miseriae non convenit, cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6273 ad magnam beatitudinem pertinere videatur, intantum quod quidam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6274 ultimam beatitudinem hominis posuerunt in cognoscendo substantias
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6275 separatas. Ergo Daemones privantur omni cognitione veritatis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6276 <p title="I q. 64 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="31120"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6277 "ref">[31120] Iª q. 64 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea, id
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6278 quod est manifestissimum in natura, videtur esse maxime manifestum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6279 Angelis, sive bonis sive malis. Quod enim non sit nobis maxime
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6280 manifestum, contingit ex debilitate intellectus nostri a
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6281 phantasmatibus accipientis, sicut ex debilitate oculi noctuae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6282 contingit quod non possit videre lumen solis. Sed Daemones non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6283 possunt cognoscere Deum, qui est secundum se manifestissimus, cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6284 sit in summo veritatis, eo quod non habent mundum cor, quo solo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6285 videtur Deus. Ergo nec alia cognoscere possunt.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6286 <p title="I q. 64 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="31121"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6287 "ref">[31121] Iª q. 64 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6288 cognitio rerum Angelis conveniens est duplex, secundum Augustinum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6289 scilicet matutina, et vespertina. Sed cognitio matutina non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6290 competit Daemonibus, quia non vident res in verbo, nec etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6291 cognitio vespertina, quia cognitio vespertina refert res cognitas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6292 ad laudem creatoris (unde post vespere fit mane, ut dicitur Gen.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6293 I). Ergo Daemones non possunt cognitionem de rebus habere.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6294 <p title="I q. 64 a. 1 arg. 4"><a name="31122"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6295 "ref">[31122] Iª q. 64 a. 1 arg. 4</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6296 Angeli in sua conditione cognoverunt mysterium regni Dei, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6297 Augustinus dicit, V super Gen. ad Litt. Sed Daemones hac cognitione
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6298 privati sunt, quia <i>si cognovissent, nequaquam dominum gloriae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6299 crucifixissent</i>, ut dicitur I Cor. II. Ergo, pari ratione, omni
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6300 alia cognitione veritatis sunt privati.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6301 <p title="I q. 64 a. 1 arg. 5"><a name="31123"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6302 "ref">[31123] Iª q. 64 a. 1 arg. 5</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6303 quamcumque veritatem aliquis scit, aut cognoscit eam naturaliter,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6304 sicut nos cognoscimus prima principia; aut accipiendo ab alio,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6305 sicut quae scimus addiscendo; aut per experientiam longi temporis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6306 sicut quae scimus inveniendo. Sed Daemones non possunt cognoscere
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6307 veritatem per suam naturam, quia ab eis divisi sunt boni Angeli
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6308 sicut lux a tenebris, ut Augustinus dicit; omnis autem manifestatio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6309 fit per lumen, ut dicitur Ephes. V. Similiter etiam neque per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6310 revelationem, neque addiscendo a bonis Angelis, quia non est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6311 conventio lucis ad tenebras, ut dicitur II Cor. VI. Neque etiam per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6312 experientiam longi temporis, quia experientia a sensu oritur. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6313 nulla in eis est cognitio veritatis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6314 <p title="I q. 64 a. 1 s. c."><a name="31124"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6315 "ref">[31124] Iª q. 64 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6316 quod Dionysius dicit, IV cap. de Div. Nom., quod <i>data Daemonibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6317 angelica dona nequaquam mutata esse dicimus, sed sunt integra et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6318 splendidissima</i>. Inter ista autem naturalia dona est cognitio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6319 veritatis. Ergo in eis est aliqua veritatis cognitio.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6320 <p title="I q. 64 a. 1 co."><a name="31125"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6321 "ref">[31125] Iª q. 64 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6322 quod duplex est cognitio veritatis, una quidem quae habetur per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6323 gratiam; alia vero quae habetur per naturam. Et ista quae habetur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6324 per gratiam, est duplex, una quae est speculativa tantum, sicut cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6325 alicui aliqua secreta divinorum revelantur; alia vero quae est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6326 affectiva, producens amorem Dei; et haec proprie pertinet ad donum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6327 sapientiae. Harum autem trium cognitionum prima in Daemonibus nec
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6328 est ablata, nec diminuta. Consequitur enim ipsam naturam Angeli,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6329 qui secundum suam naturam est quidam intellectus vel mens, propter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6330 simplicitatem autem suae substantiae, a natura eius aliquid
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6331 subtrahi non potest, ut sic per subtractionem naturalium puniatur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6332 sicut homo punitur per subtractionem manus aut pedis aut alicuius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6333 huiusmodi. Et ideo dicit Dionysius quod dona naturalia in eis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6334 integra manent. Unde naturalis cognitio in eis non est diminuta.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6335 Secunda autem cognitio, quae est per gratiam, in speculatione
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6336 consistens, non est in eis totaliter ablata, sed diminuta, quia de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6337 huiusmodi secretis divinis tantum revelatur eis quantum oportet,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6338 vel mediantibus Angelis, vel per aliqua temporalia divinae virtutis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6339 effecta, ut dicit Augustinus, IX de Civ. Dei; non autem sicut ipsis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6340 sanctis Angelis, quibus plura et clarius revelantur in ipso verbo.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6341 A tertia vero cognitione sunt totaliter privati, sicut et a
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6342 caritate.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6343 <p title="I q. 64 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="31126"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6344 "ref">[31126] Iª q. 64 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6345 dicendum quod felicitas consistit in applicatione ad id quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6346 superius est. Substantiae autem separatae sunt ordine naturae supra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6347 nos, unde aliqualis ratio felicitatis esse potest homini si
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6348 cognoscat substantias separatas; licet perfecta eius felicitas sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6349 in cognoscendo primam substantiam, scilicet Deum. Sed substantiae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6350 separatae cognoscere substantiam separatam est connaturale, sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6351 et nobis cognoscere naturas sensibiles. Unde sicut in hoc non est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6352 felicitas hominis, quod cognoscat naturas sensibiles; ita non est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6353 felicitas Angeli in hoc, quod cognoscat substantias separatas.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6354 <p title="I q. 64 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="31127"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6355 "ref">[31127] Iª q. 64 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6356 dicendum quod illud quod est manifestissimum in natura, est nobis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6357 occultum propter hoc quod excedit proportionem intellectus nostri;
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6358 et non solum propter hoc quod intellectus noster accipit a
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6359 phantasmatibus. Excedit autem divina substantia non solum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6360 proportionem intellectus humani, sed etiam intellectus angelici.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6361 Unde nec ipse Angelus secundum suam naturam, potest cognoscere Dei
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6362 substantiam. Potest tamen altiorem cognitionem de Deo habere per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6363 suam naturam quam homo, propter perfectionem sui intellectus. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6364 talis cognitio Dei remanet etiam in Daemonibus. Licet enim non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6365 habeant puritatem quae est per gratiam, habent tamen puritatem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6366 naturae, quae sufficit ad cognitionem Dei quae eis competit ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6367 natura.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6368 <p title="I q. 64 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="31128"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6369 "ref">[31128] Iª q. 64 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6370 dicendum quod creatura tenebra est, comparata excellentiae divini
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6371 luminis, et ideo cognitio creaturae in propria natura, vespertina
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6372 dicitur. Vespere enim est tenebris adiunctum, habet tamen aliquid
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6373 de luce, cum autem totaliter deficit lux, est nox. Sic igitur et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6374 cognitio rerum in propria natura, quando refertur ad laudem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6375 creatoris, ut in bonis Angelis, habet aliquid de luce divina, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6376 potest dici vespertina, si autem non referatur in Deum, sicut in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6377 Daemonibus, non dicitur vespertina, sed nocturna. Unde et in Genesi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6378 I, legitur quod tenebras quas Deus a luce separavit, vocavit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6379 noctem.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6380 <p title="I q. 64 a. 1 ad 4"><a name="31129"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6381 "ref">[31129] Iª q. 64 a. 1 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6382 dicendum quod mysterium regni Dei, quod est impletum per Christum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6383 omnes quidem Angeli a principio aliquo modo cognoverunt; maxime ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6384 quo beatificati sunt visione verbi, quam Daemones nunquam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6385 habuerunt. Non tamen omnes Angeli cognoverunt perfecte, neque
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6386 aequaliter. Unde Daemones multo minus, Christo existente in mundo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6387 perfecte mysterium incarnationis cognoverunt. Non enim innotuit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6388 eis, ut Augustinus dicit sicut Angelis sanctis, qui verbi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6389 participata aeternitate perfruuntur, sed sicut eis terrendis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6390 innotescendum fuit per quaedam temporalia effecta. Si autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6391 perfecte et per certitudinem cognovissent ipsum esse filium Dei, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6392 effectum passionis eius, nunquam dominum gloriae crucifigi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6393 procurassent.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6394 <p title="I q. 64 a. 1 ad 5"><a name="31130"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6395 "ref">[31130] Iª q. 64 a. 1 ad 5</span></a> Ad quintum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6396 dicendum quod Daemones tribus modis cognoscunt veritatem aliquam.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6397 Uno modo, subtilitate suae naturae, quia licet sint obtenebrati per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6398 privationem luminis gratiae, sunt tamen lucidi lumine
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6399 intellectualis naturae. Secundo, per revelationem a sanctis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6400 Angelis; cum quibus non conveniunt quidem per conformitatem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6401 voluntatis; conveniunt autem similitudine intellectualis naturae,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6402 secundum quam possunt accipere quod ab aliis manifestatur. Tertio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6403 modo cognoscunt per experientiam longi temporis; non quasi a sensu
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6404 accipientes; sed dum in rebus singularibus completur similitudo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6405 eius speciei intelligibilis quam sibi naturaliter habent inditam,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6406 aliqua cognoscunt praesentia, quae non praecognoverunt futura, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6407 supra de cognitione Angelorum dictum est.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6408 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6409 <div class="E">Articulus 2</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6410 <p title="I q. 64 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="31131"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6411 "ref">[31131] Iª q. 64 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad secundum sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6412 proceditur. Videtur quod voluntas Daemonum non sit obstinata in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6413 malo. Libertas enim arbitrii ad naturam intellectualis naturae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6414 pertinet, quae manet in Daemonibus, ut dictum est. Sed libertas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6415 arbitrii per se et prius ordinatur ad bonum quam ad malum. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6416 voluntas Daemonis non est ita obstinata in malo, quin possit redire
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6417 ad bonum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6418 <p title="I q. 64 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="31132"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6419 "ref">[31132] Iª q. 64 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea, maior
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6420 est misericordia Dei, quae est infinita, quam Daemonis malitia,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6421 quae est finita. A malitia autem culpae ad bonitatem iustitiae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6422 nullus redit nisi per Dei misericordiam. Ergo etiam Daemones a
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6423 statu malitiae possunt redire ad statum iustitiae.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6424 <p title="I q. 64 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="31133"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6425 "ref">[31133] Iª q. 64 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea, si
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6426 Daemones habent voluntatem obstinatam in malo, maxime haberent eam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6427 obstinatam in peccato quo peccaverunt. Sed illud peccatum in eis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6428 nunc non manet, scilicet superbia quia nec motivum manet, scilicet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6429 excellentia. Ergo Daemon non est obstinatus in malitia.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6430 <p title="I q. 64 a. 2 arg. 4"><a name="31134"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6431 "ref">[31134] Iª q. 64 a. 2 arg. 4</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6432 Gregorius dicit quod homo per alium reparari potuit, quia per alium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6433 cecidit. Sed Daemones inferiores per primum ceciderunt, ut supra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6434 dictum est. Ergo eorum casus per alium reparari potest. Ergo non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6435 sunt in malitia obstinati.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6436 <p title="I q. 64 a. 2 arg. 5"><a name="31135"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6437 "ref">[31135] Iª q. 64 a. 2 arg. 5</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6438 quicumque est in malitia obstinatus, nunquam aliquod bonum opus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6439 operatur. Sed Daemon aliqua bona opera facit, confitetur enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6440 veritatem, dicens Christo, scio quia sis sanctus Dei, Marc. I,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6441 Daemones etiam credunt et contremiscunt, ut dicitur Iacob. II;
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6442 Dionysius etiam dicit, IV cap. de Div. Nom., quod <i>bonum et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6443 optimum concupiscunt, esse, vivere et intelligere</i>. Ergo non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6444 sunt obstinati in malitia.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6445 <p title="I q. 64 a. 2 s. c."><a name="31136"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6446 "ref">[31136] Iª q. 64 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6447 quod dicitur in Psalmo LXXIII, <i>superbia eorum qui te oderunt,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6448 ascendit semper</i>; quod de Daemonibus exponitur. Ergo semper
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6449 obstinati in malitia perseverant.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6450 <p title="I q. 64 a. 2 co."><a name="31137"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6451 "ref">[31137] Iª q. 64 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6452 quod Origenis positio fuit quod omnis voluntas creaturae, propter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6453 libertatem arbitrii, potest flecti et in bonum et in malum, excepta
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6454 anima Christi propter unionem verbi. Sed haec positio tollit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6455 veritatem beatitudinis a sanctis Angelis et hominibus, quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6456 stabilitas sempiterna est de ratione verae beatitudinis; unde et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6457 vita aeterna nominatur. Repugnat etiam auctoritati Scripturae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6458 sacrae, quae Daemones et homines malos in supplicium aeternum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6459 mittendos, bonos autem in vitam aeternam transferendos pronuntiat,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6460 Matth. XXV. Unde haec positio est tanquam erronea reputanda; et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6461 tenendum est firmiter, secundum fidem Catholicam, quod et voluntas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6462 bonorum Angelorum confirmata est in bono, et voluntas Daemonum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6463 obstinata est in malo. Causam autem huius obstinationis oportet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6464 accipere, non ex gravitate culpae, sed ex conditione naturae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6465 status. <i>Hoc enim est hominibus mors, quod Angelis casus</i>, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6466 Damascenus dicit. Manifestum est autem quod omnia mortalia peccata
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6467 hominum, sive sint magna sive sint parva, ante mortem sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6468 remissibilia; post mortem vero, irremissibilia, et perpetuo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6469 manentia. Ad inquirendum ergo causam huiusmodi obstinationis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6470 considerandum est quod vis appetitiva in omnibus proportionatur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6471 apprehensivae a qua movetur, sicut mobile motori. Appetitus enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6472 sensitivus est boni particularis, voluntas vero universalis, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6473 supra dictum est; sicut etiam sensus apprehensivus est singularium,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6474 intellectus vero universalium. Differt autem apprehensio Angeli ab
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6475 apprehensione hominis in hoc, quod Angelus apprehendit immobiliter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6476 per intellectum, sicut et nos immobiliter apprehendimus prima
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6477 principia, quorum est intellectus, homo vero per rationem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6478 apprehendit mobiliter, discurrendo de uno ad aliud, habens viam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6479 procedendi ad utrumque oppositorum. Unde et voluntas hominis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6480 adhaeret alicui mobiliter, quasi potens etiam ab eo discedere et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6481 contrario adhaerere, voluntas autem Angeli adhaeret fixe et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6482 immobiliter. Et ideo, si consideretur ante adhaesionem, potest
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6483 libere adhaerere et huic et opposito (in his scilicet quae non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6484 naturaliter vult), sed postquam iam adhaesit, immobiliter adhaeret.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6485 Et ideo consuevit dici quod liberum arbitrium hominis flexibile est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6486 ad oppositum et ante electionem, et post; liberum autem arbitrium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6487 Angeli est flexibile ad utrumque oppositum ante electionem, sed non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6488 post. Sic igitur et boni Angeli, semper adhaerentes iustitiae, sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6489 in illa confirmati, mali vero, peccantes, sunt in peccato
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6490 obstinati. De obstinatione vero hominum damnatorum infra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6491 dicetur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6492 <p title="I q. 64 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="31138"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6493 "ref">[31138] Iª q. 64 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6494 dicendum quod boni et mali Angeli habent liberum arbitrium, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6495 secundum modum et conditionem suae naturae, ut dictum est.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6496 <p title="I q. 64 a. 2 ad 2"><a name="31139"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6497 "ref">[31139] Iª q. 64 a. 2 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6498 dicendum quod misericordia Dei liberat a peccato poenitentes. Illi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6499 vero qui poenitentiae capaces non sunt, immobiliter malo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6500 adhaerentes per divinam misericordiam non liberantur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6501 <p title="I q. 64 a. 2 ad 3"><a name="31140"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6502 "ref">[31140] Iª q. 64 a. 2 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6503 dicendum quod adhuc manet in Diabolo peccatum quo primo peccavit,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6504 quantum ad appetitum; licet non quantum ad hoc quod credat se posse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6505 obtinere. Sicut si aliquis credat se posse facere homicidium, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6506 velit facere, et postea adimatur ei potestas; nihilominus voluntas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6507 homicidii in eo manere potest, ut velit fecisse, vel velit facere
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6508 si posset.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6509 <p title="I q. 64 a. 2 ad 4"><a name="31141"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6510 "ref">[31141] Iª q. 64 a. 2 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6511 dicendum quod non est tota causa quare peccatum hominis sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6512 remissibile, quia alio suggerente peccavit. Et ideo ratio non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6513 sequitur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6514 <p title="I q. 64 a. 2 ad 5"><a name="31142"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6515 "ref">[31142] Iª q. 64 a. 2 ad 5</span></a> Ad quintum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6516 dicendum quod actus Daemonis est duplex. Quidam scilicet ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6517 voluntate deliberata procedens, et hic proprie potest dici actus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6518 eius. Et talis actus Daemonis semper est malus, quia etsi aliquando
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6519 aliquod bonum faciat, non tamen bene facit; sicut dum veritatem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6520 dicit ut decipiat, et dum non voluntarie credit et confitetur, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6521 rerum evidentia coactus. Alius autem actus Daemonis est naturalis;
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6522 qui bonus esse potest, et attestatur bonitati naturae. Et tamen
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6523 etiam tali bono actu abutuntur ad malum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6524 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6525 <div class="E">Articulus 3</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6526 <p title="I q. 64 a. 3 arg. 1"><a name="31143"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6527 "ref">[31143] Iª q. 64 a. 3 arg. 1</span></a> Ad tertium sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6528 proceditur. Videtur quod dolor non sit in Daemonibus. Cum enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6529 dolor et gaudium opponantur, non possunt esse simul in eodem. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6530 in Daemonibus est gaudium, dicit enim Augustinus, contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6531 Manichaeos, <i>Diabolus potestatem habet in eos qui Dei praecepta
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6532 contemnunt, et de hac tam infelici potestate laetatur</i>. Ergo in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6533 Daemonibus non est dolor.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6534 <p title="I q. 64 a. 3 arg. 2"><a name="31144"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6535 "ref">[31144] Iª q. 64 a. 3 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea, dolor
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6536 est causa timoris, de his enim timemus dum futura sunt, de quibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6537 dolemus dum praesentia sunt. Sed in Daemonibus non est timor;
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6538 secundum illud Iob XLI, <i>factus est ut nullum timeret</i>. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6539 in Daemonibus non est dolor.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6540 <p title="I q. 64 a. 3 arg. 3"><a name="31145"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6541 "ref">[31145] Iª q. 64 a. 3 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6542 dolere de malo est bonum. Sed Daemones non possunt bene facere.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6543 Ergo non possunt dolere, ad minus de malo culpae; quod pertinet ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6544 vermem conscientiae.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6545 <p title="I q. 64 a. 3 s. c."><a name="31146"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6546 "ref">[31146] Iª q. 64 a. 3 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6547 quod peccatum Daemonis est gravius quam peccatum hominis. Sed homo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6548 punitur dolore pro delectatione peccati; secundum illud Apoc.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6549 XVIII, <i>quantum glorificavit se et in deliciis fuit, tantum date
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6550 ei tormentum et luctum</i>. Ergo multo magis Diabolus, qui maximo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6551 se glorificavit, punitur doloris luctu.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6552 <p title="I q. 64 a. 3 co."><a name="31147"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6553 "ref">[31147] Iª q. 64 a. 3 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6554 quod timor, dolor, gaudium, et huiusmodi, secundum quod sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6555 passiones, in Daemonibus esse non possunt, sic enim sunt propriae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6556 appetitus sensitivi, qui est virtus in organo corporali. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6557 secundum quod nominant simplices actus voluntatis, sic possunt esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6558 in Daemonibus. Et necesse est dicere quod in eis sit dolor. Quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6559 dolor, secundum quod significat simplicem actum voluntatis, nihil
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6560 est aliud quam renisus voluntatis ad id quod est vel non est. Patet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6561 autem quod Daemones multa vellent non esse quae sunt, et esse quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6562 non sunt, vellent enim, cum sint invidi, damnari eos qui salvantur.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6563 Unde oportet dicere quod in eis sit dolor, et praecipue quia de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6564 ratione poenae est, quod voluntati repugnet. Privantur etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6565 beatitudine quam naturaliter appetunt; et in multis eorum iniqua
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6566 voluntas cohibetur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6567 <p title="I q. 64 a. 3 ad 1"><a name="31148"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6568 "ref">[31148] Iª q. 64 a. 3 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6569 dicendum quod gaudium et dolor de eodem sunt opposita, non autem de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6570 diversis. Unde nihil prohibet unum simul dolere de uno, et gaudere
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6571 de alio; et maxime secundum quod dolor et gaudium important
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6572 simplices voluntatis actus; quia non solum in diversis, sed etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6573 in una et eadem re potest esse aliquid quod volumus, et aliquid
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6574 quod nolumus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6575 <p title="I q. 64 a. 3 ad 2"><a name="31149"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6576 "ref">[31149] Iª q. 64 a. 3 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6577 dicendum quod sicut in Daemonibus est dolor de praesenti, ita et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6578 timor de futuro. Quod autem dicitur, factus est ut nullum timeret,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6579 intelligitur de timore Dei cohibente a peccato. Alibi, namque
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6580 scriptum est quod Daemones credunt et contremiscunt.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6581 <p title="I q. 64 a. 3 ad 3"><a name="31150"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6582 "ref">[31150] Iª q. 64 a. 3 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6583 dicendum quod dolere de malo culpae propter se attestatur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6584 voluntatis bonitati, cui malum culpae opponitur. Dolere autem de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6585 malo poenae, vel de malo culpae propter poenam, attestatur bonitati
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6586 naturae, cui malum poenae opponitur. Unde Augustinus dicit, XIX de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6587 Civ. Dei, quod <i>dolor amissi boni in supplicio, testis est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6588 naturae bonae</i>. Daemon ergo, cum perversae sit voluntatis et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6589 obstinatae, de malo culpae non dolet.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6590 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6591 <div class="E">Articulus 4</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6592 <p title="I q. 64 a. 4 arg. 1"><a name="31151"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6593 "ref">[31151] Iª q. 64 a. 4 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quartum sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6594 proceditur. Videtur quod aer iste non sit locus poenalis Daemonum.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6595 Daemon enim est natura spiritualis. Natura autem spiritualis non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6596 afficitur loco. Ergo nullus locus est Daemonibus poenalis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6597 <p title="I q. 64 a. 4 arg. 2"><a name="31152"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6598 "ref">[31152] Iª q. 64 a. 4 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6599 peccatum hominis non est gravius quam peccatum Daemonis. Sed locus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6600 poenalis hominis est Infernus. Ergo multo magis Daemonis. Ergo non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6601 aer caliginosus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6602 <p title="I q. 64 a. 4 arg. 3"><a name="31153"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6603 "ref">[31153] Iª q. 64 a. 4 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6604 Daemones puniuntur poena ignis. Sed in aere caliginoso non est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6605 ignis. Ergo aer caliginosus non est locus poenae Daemonum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6606 <p title="I q. 64 a. 4 s. c."><a name="31154"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6607 "ref">[31154] Iª q. 64 a. 4 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6608 quod Augustinus dicit, III super Gen. ad Litt., quod <i>aer
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6609 caliginosus est quasi carcer Daemonibus usque ad tempus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6610 iudicii</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6611 <p title="I q. 64 a. 4 co."><a name="31155"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6612 "ref">[31155] Iª q. 64 a. 4 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6613 quod Angeli, secundum suam naturam, medii sunt inter Deum et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6614 homines. Habet autem hoc divinae providentiae ratio, quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6615 inferiorum bonum per superiora procuret. Bonum autem hominis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6616 dupliciter procuratur per divinam providentiam. Uno modo directe,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6617 dum scilicet aliquis inducitur ad bonum et retrahitur a malo, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6618 hoc decenter fit per Angelos bonos. Alio modo indirecte, dum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6619 scilicet aliquis exercetur, impugnatus, per impugnationem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6620 contrarii. Et hanc procurationem boni humani conveniens fuit per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6621 malos Angelos fieri, ne totaliter post peccatum ab utilitate
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6622 naturalis ordinis exciderent. Sic ergo Daemonibus duplex locus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6623 poenalis debetur. Unus quidem ratione suae culpae, et hic est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6624 Infernus. Alius autem ratione exercitationis humanae, et sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6625 debetur eis caliginosus aer. Procuratio autem salutis humanae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6626 protenditur usque ad diem iudicii, unde et usque tunc durat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6627 ministerium Angelorum et exercitatio Daemonum. Unde et usque tunc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6628 et boni Angeli ad nos huc mittuntur, et Daemones in hoc aere
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6629 caliginoso sunt ad nostrum exercitium, licet eorum aliqui etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6630 nunc in Inferno sint, ad torquendum eos quos ad malum induxerunt;
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6631 sicut et aliquis boni Angeli sunt cum animabus sanctis in caelo.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6632 Sed post diem iudicii omnes mali, tam homines quam Angeli, in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6633 Inferno erunt; boni vero in caelo.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6634 <p title="I q. 64 a. 4 ad 1"><a name="31156"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6635 "ref">[31156] Iª q. 64 a. 4 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6636 dicendum quod locus non est poenalis Angelo aut animae, quasi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6637 afficiens alterando naturam; sed quasi afficiens voluntatem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6638 contristando, dum Angelus vel anima apprehendit se esse in loco non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6639 convenienti suae voluntati.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6640 <p title="I q. 64 a. 4 ad 2"><a name="31157"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6641 "ref">[31157] Iª q. 64 a. 4 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6642 dicendum quod anima secundum ordinem naturae non praefertur alteri
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6643 animae, sicut Daemones ordine naturae praeferuntur hominibus. Unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6644 non est similis ratio.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6645 <p title="I q. 64 a. 4 ad 3"><a name="31158"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6646 "ref">[31158] Iª q. 64 a. 4 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6647 dicendum quod aliqui dixerunt usque ad diem iudicii differri poenam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6648 sensibilem tam Daemonum quam animarum, et similiter beatitudinem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6649 sanctorum differri usque ad diem iudicii; quod est erroneum, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6650 repugnans apostoli sententiae, qui dicit, II Cor. V, <i>si
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6651 terrestris domus nostra huius habitationis dissolvatur, domum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6652 habemus in caelo</i>. Alii vero, licet hoc non concedant de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6653 animabus, concedunt tamen de Daemonibus. Sed melius est dicendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6654 quod idem iudicium sit de malis animabus et malis Angelis; sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6655 idem iudicium est de bonis animabus et bonis Angelis. Unde dicendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6656 est quod, sicut locus caelestis pertinet ad gloriam Angelorum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6657 tamen gloria eorum non minuitur cum ad nos veniunt, quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6658 considerant illum locum esse suum (eo modo quo dicimus honorem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6659 episcopi non minui dum actu non sedet in cathedra); similiter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6660 dicendum est quod Daemones licet non actu alligentur gehennali
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6661 igni, dum sunt in aere isto caliginoso, tamen ex hoc ipso quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6662 sciunt illam alligationem sibi deberi, eorum poena non diminuitur.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6663 Unde dicitur in quadam Glossa Iacobi III, quod <i>portant secum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6664 ignem Gehennae quocumque vadant</i>. Nec est contra hoc, quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6665 rogaverunt dominum ut non mitteret eos in abyssum, ut dicitur Lucae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6666 VIII, quia hoc petierunt reputantes sibi poenam, si excluderentur a
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6667 loco in quo possunt hominibus nocere. Unde Marci V, dicitur quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6668 <i>deprecabantur eum ne expelleret eos extra regionem</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6669 <div class="centro"><br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6670 <p><a href="sth1044.html"><img src="icons/ageretro.gif" width="19"
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6671 height="19" align="middle" border="0" alt="age retro" /></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6672 <a href="sth1065.html"><img src="icons/ageultra.gif" width="19"
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6673 height="19" align="middle" border="0" alt="age ultra" /></a></p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6674 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6675 <hr />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6676 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6677 <address>© 2006 Fundación Tomás de Aquino quoad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6678 hanc editionem<br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6679 Iura omnia asservantur<br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6680 OCLC nr. <a href="http://worldcatlibraries.org/wcpa/oclc/49644264"
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6681 style="text-decoration=none">49644264</a></address>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6682 </div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6683 </body>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6684 </html>

Mercurial > hg > Aquinas

annotate summa/latin/sth1050.html @ 46:6cfdc13efd8a