Aquinas: summa/latin/sth2055.html annotate

annotate summa/latin/sth2055.html @ 28:544e12f679ad

convert to xml

author	ht
date	Tue, 24 Nov 2009 19:27:32 +0000
parents	4006eb4882de
children	d777cc3962f2

rev	line source
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1 <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN"
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2 "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3 <html lang="LA" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="LA">
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4 <head>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5 <meta name="generator" content=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6 "HTML Tidy for Windows (vers 1st February 2005), see www.w3.org" />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7 <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	8 "text/html; charset=us-ascii" />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	9 <meta http-equiv="Content-Style-Type" content="text/css" />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	10 <meta http-equiv="Content-Script-Type" content="text/javascript" />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	11 <meta name="keywords" content=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	12 "Thomas de Aquino, Summa Theologiae, Corpus Thomisticum" />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	13 <meta name="language" content="Latin" />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	14 <meta name="security" content="public" />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	15 <meta name="owner" content="ealarcon@unav.es" />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	16 <meta name="author" content="Enrique Alarcón" />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	17 <meta name="abstract" content="" />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	18 <link rel="stylesheet" media="screen" href="vscreen.css" type=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	19 "text/css" />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	20 <link rel="stylesheet" media="print" href="vprint.css" type=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	21 "text/css" />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	22 <title>Thomas de Aquino, Summa Theologiae, Iª-IIae q.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	23 55-70</title>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	24 </head>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	25 <body>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	26 <a href="http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/"></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	27 <div class="tres">CORPUS THOMISTICUM</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	28 <div class="uno">Sancti Thomae de Aquino</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	29 <div class="uno">Summa Theologiae</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	30 <div class="dos">prima pars secundae partis a quaestione LV ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	31 quaestionem LXX</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	32 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	33 <div class="centro">
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	34 <table align="center" summary="Imago">
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	35 <tr>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	36 <th><img src="icons/fugit190.jpg" width="275" height="190" border=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	37 "0" alt=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	38 "Thomas de Aquino a Filippino Lippi depictus (Cappella Carafa, S. Maria sopra Minerva, Roma)"
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	39 align="middle" /></th>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	40 </tr>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	41 </table>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	42 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	43 <span class="tres">Textum Leoninum Romae 1891 editum<br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	44 ac automato translatum a Roberto Busa SJ in taenias
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	45 magneticas<br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	46 denuo recognovit Enrique Alarcón atque instruxit<br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	47 <br /></span><br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	48 <hr />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	49 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	50 <p><a href="sth2049.html"><img src="icons/ageretro.gif" width="19"
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	51 height="19" align="middle" border="0" alt="age retro" /></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	52 <a href="sth2071.html"><img src="icons/ageultra.gif" width="19"
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	53 height="19" align="middle" border="0" alt="age ultra" /></a></p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	54 <script language="JavaScript" type="text/javascript">
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	55 //<![CDATA[
26 4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	56 <!--
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	57 // original code by Bill Trefzger 12/12/96; revised by Enrique Alarcon 12/9/2000
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	58 function go(){if(document.selecter.select1.options[document.selecter.select1.selectedIndex].value !="none"){location=document.selecter.select1.options[document.selecter.select1.selectedIndex].value}}
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	59 document.write('<FORM NAME="selecter"><SELECT NAME="select1">');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	60 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="none">INDEX');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	61 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="none">------------------------------------------------');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	62 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="index.html">Corpus Thomisticum');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	63 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="iopera.html">Opera omnia');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	64 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="zbiblia.html">Bibliographia Thomistica');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	65 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="none">------------------------------------------------');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	66 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#35787">Iª-IIae q. 55 pr.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	67 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#35788">Iª-IIae q. 55 a. 1 arg. 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	68 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#35789">Iª-IIae q. 55 a. 1 arg. 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	69 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#35790">Iª-IIae q. 55 a. 1 arg. 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	70 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#35791">Iª-IIae q. 55 a. 1 arg. 4');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	71 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#35792">Iª-IIae q. 55 a. 1 arg. 5');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	72 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#35793">Iª-IIae q. 55 a. 1 s. c.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	73 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#35794">Iª-IIae q. 55 a. 1 co.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	74 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#35795">Iª-IIae q. 55 a. 1 ad 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	75 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#35796">Iª-IIae q. 55 a. 1 ad 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	76 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#35797">Iª-IIae q. 55 a. 1 ad 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	77 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#35798">Iª-IIae q. 55 a. 1 ad 4');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	78 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#35799">Iª-IIae q. 55 a. 1 ad 5');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	79 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#35800">Iª-IIae q. 55 a. 2 arg. 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	80 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#35801">Iª-IIae q. 55 a. 2 arg. 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	81 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#35802">Iª-IIae q. 55 a. 2 arg. 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	82 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#35803">Iª-IIae q. 55 a. 2 s. c.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	83 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#35804">Iª-IIae q. 55 a. 2 co.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	84 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#35805">Iª-IIae q. 55 a. 2 ad 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	85 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#35806">Iª-IIae q. 55 a. 2 ad 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	86 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#35807">Iª-IIae q. 55 a. 2 ad 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	87 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#35808">Iª-IIae q. 55 a. 3 arg. 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	88 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#35809">Iª-IIae q. 55 a. 3 arg. 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	89 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#35810">Iª-IIae q. 55 a. 3 arg. 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	90 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#35811">Iª-IIae q. 55 a. 3 s. c.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	91 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#35812">Iª-IIae q. 55 a. 3 co.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	92 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#35813">Iª-IIae q. 55 a. 3 ad 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	93 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#35814">Iª-IIae q. 55 a. 3 ad 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	94 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#35815">Iª-IIae q. 55 a. 3 ad 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	95 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#35816">Iª-IIae q. 55 a. 4 arg. 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	96 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#35817">Iª-IIae q. 55 a. 4 arg. 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	97 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#35818">Iª-IIae q. 55 a. 4 arg. 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	98 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#35819">Iª-IIae q. 55 a. 4 arg. 4');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	99 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#35820">Iª-IIae q. 55 a. 4 arg. 5');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	100 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#35821">Iª-IIae q. 55 a. 4 arg. 6');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	101 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#35822">Iª-IIae q. 55 a. 4 s. c.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	102 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#35823">Iª-IIae q. 55 a. 4 co.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	103 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#35824">Iª-IIae q. 55 a. 4 ad 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	104 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#35825">Iª-IIae q. 55 a. 4 ad 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	105 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#35826">Iª-IIae q. 55 a. 4 ad 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	106 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#35827">Iª-IIae q. 55 a. 4 ad 4');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	107 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#35828">Iª-IIae q. 55 a. 4 ad 5');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	108 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#35829">Iª-IIae q. 55 a. 4 ad 6');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	109 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#35830">Iª-IIae q. 56 pr.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	110 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#35831">Iª-IIae q. 56 a. 1 arg. 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	111 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#35832">Iª-IIae q. 56 a. 1 arg. 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	112 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#35833">Iª-IIae q. 56 a. 1 arg. 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	113 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#35834">Iª-IIae q. 56 a. 1 s. c.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	114 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#35835">Iª-IIae q. 56 a. 1 co.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	115 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#35836">Iª-IIae q. 56 a. 1 ad 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	116 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#35837">Iª-IIae q. 56 a. 1 ad 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	117 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#35838">Iª-IIae q. 56 a. 1 ad 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	118 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#35839">Iª-IIae q. 56 a. 2 arg. 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	119 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#35840">Iª-IIae q. 56 a. 2 arg. 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	120 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#35841">Iª-IIae q. 56 a. 2 arg. 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	121 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#35842">Iª-IIae q. 56 a. 2 s. c.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	122 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#35843">Iª-IIae q. 56 a. 2 co.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	123 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#35844">Iª-IIae q. 56 a. 2 ad 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	124 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#35845">Iª-IIae q. 56 a. 2 ad 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	125 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#35846">Iª-IIae q. 56 a. 2 ad 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	126 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#35847">Iª-IIae q. 56 a. 3 arg. 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	127 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#35848">Iª-IIae q. 56 a. 3 arg. 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	128 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#35849">Iª-IIae q. 56 a. 3 arg. 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	129 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#35850">Iª-IIae q. 56 a. 3 s. c.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	130 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#35851">Iª-IIae q. 56 a. 3 co.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	131 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#35852">Iª-IIae q. 56 a. 3 ad 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	132 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#35853">Iª-IIae q. 56 a. 3 ad 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	133 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#35854">Iª-IIae q. 56 a. 3 ad 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	134 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#35855">Iª-IIae q. 56 a. 4 arg. 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	135 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#35856">Iª-IIae q. 56 a. 4 arg. 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	136 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#35857">Iª-IIae q. 56 a. 4 arg. 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	137 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#35858">Iª-IIae q. 56 a. 4 arg. 4');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	138 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#35859">Iª-IIae q. 56 a. 4 s. c.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	139 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#35860">Iª-IIae q. 56 a. 4 co.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	140 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#35861">Iª-IIae q. 56 a. 4 ad 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	141 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#35862">Iª-IIae q. 56 a. 4 ad 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	142 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#35863">Iª-IIae q. 56 a. 4 ad 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	143 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#35864">Iª-IIae q. 56 a. 4 ad 4');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	144 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#35865">Iª-IIae q. 56 a. 5 arg. 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	145 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#35866">Iª-IIae q. 56 a. 5 arg. 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	146 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#35867">Iª-IIae q. 56 a. 5 arg. 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	147 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#35868">Iª-IIae q. 56 a. 5 s. c.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	148 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#35869">Iª-IIae q. 56 a. 5 co.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	149 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#35870">Iª-IIae q. 56 a. 5 ad 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	150 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#35871">Iª-IIae q. 56 a. 5 ad 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	151 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#35872">Iª-IIae q. 56 a. 5 ad 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	152 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#35873">Iª-IIae q. 56 a. 6 arg. 1');
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4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	656 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36377">Iª-IIae q. 68 a. 5 arg. 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	657 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36378">Iª-IIae q. 68 a. 5 s. c.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	658 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36379">Iª-IIae q. 68 a. 5 co.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	659 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36380">Iª-IIae q. 68 a. 5 ad 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	660 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36381">Iª-IIae q. 68 a. 5 ad 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	661 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36382">Iª-IIae q. 68 a. 5 ad 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	662 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36383">Iª-IIae q. 68 a. 6 arg. 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	663 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36384">Iª-IIae q. 68 a. 6 arg. 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	664 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36385">Iª-IIae q. 68 a. 6 arg. 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	665 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36386">Iª-IIae q. 68 a. 6 s. c.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	666 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36387">Iª-IIae q. 68 a. 6 co.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	667 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36388">Iª-IIae q. 68 a. 6 ad 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	668 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36389">Iª-IIae q. 68 a. 6 ad 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	669 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36390">Iª-IIae q. 68 a. 6 ad 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	670 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36391">Iª-IIae q. 68 a. 7 arg. 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	671 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36392">Iª-IIae q. 68 a. 7 arg. 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	672 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36393">Iª-IIae q. 68 a. 7 arg. 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	673 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36394">Iª-IIae q. 68 a. 7 arg. 4');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	674 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36395">Iª-IIae q. 68 a. 7 s. c.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	675 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36396">Iª-IIae q. 68 a. 7 co.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	676 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36397">Iª-IIae q. 68 a. 7 ad 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	677 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36398">Iª-IIae q. 68 a. 7 ad 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	678 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36399">Iª-IIae q. 68 a. 7 ad 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	679 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36400">Iª-IIae q. 68 a. 7 ad 4');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	680 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36401">Iª-IIae q. 68 a. 8 arg. 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	681 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36402">Iª-IIae q. 68 a. 8 arg. 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	682 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36403">Iª-IIae q. 68 a. 8 arg. 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	683 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36404">Iª-IIae q. 68 a. 8 s. c.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	684 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36405">Iª-IIae q. 68 a. 8 co.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	685 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36406">Iª-IIae q. 68 a. 8 ad 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	686 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36407">Iª-IIae q. 68 a. 8 ad 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	687 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36408">Iª-IIae q. 68 a. 8 ad 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	688 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36409">Iª-IIae q. 69 pr.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	689 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36410">Iª-IIae q. 69 a. 1 arg. 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	690 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36411">Iª-IIae q. 69 a. 1 arg. 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	691 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36412">Iª-IIae q. 69 a. 1 arg. 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	692 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36413">Iª-IIae q. 69 a. 1 s. c.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	693 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36414">Iª-IIae q. 69 a. 1 co.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	694 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36415">Iª-IIae q. 69 a. 1 ad 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	695 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36416">Iª-IIae q. 69 a. 1 ad 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	696 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36417">Iª-IIae q. 69 a. 1 ad 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	697 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36418">Iª-IIae q. 69 a. 2 arg. 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	698 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36419">Iª-IIae q. 69 a. 2 arg. 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	699 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36420">Iª-IIae q. 69 a. 2 arg. 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	700 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36421">Iª-IIae q. 69 a. 2 s. c.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	701 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36422">Iª-IIae q. 69 a. 2 co.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	702 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36423">Iª-IIae q. 69 a. 2 ad 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	703 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36424">Iª-IIae q. 69 a. 2 ad 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	704 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36425">Iª-IIae q. 69 a. 2 ad 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	705 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36426">Iª-IIae q. 69 a. 3 arg. 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	706 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36427">Iª-IIae q. 69 a. 3 arg. 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	707 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36428">Iª-IIae q. 69 a. 3 arg. 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	708 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36429">Iª-IIae q. 69 a. 3 arg. 4');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	709 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36430">Iª-IIae q. 69 a. 3 s. c. 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	710 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36431">Iª-IIae q. 69 a. 3 s. c. 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	711 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36432">Iª-IIae q. 69 a. 3 co.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	712 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36433">Iª-IIae q. 69 a. 3 ad 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	713 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36434">Iª-IIae q. 69 a. 3 ad 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	714 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36435">Iª-IIae q. 69 a. 3 ad 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	715 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36436">Iª-IIae q. 69 a. 3 ad 4');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	716 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36437">Iª-IIae q. 69 a. 3 ad 5');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	717 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36438">Iª-IIae q. 69 a. 3 ad 6');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	718 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36439">Iª-IIae q. 69 a. 4 arg. 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	719 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36440">Iª-IIae q. 69 a. 4 arg. 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	720 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36441">Iª-IIae q. 69 a. 4 arg. 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	721 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36442">Iª-IIae q. 69 a. 4 s. c.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	722 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36443">Iª-IIae q. 69 a. 4 co.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	723 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36444">Iª-IIae q. 69 a. 4 ad 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	724 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36445">Iª-IIae q. 69 a. 4 ad 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	725 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36446">Iª-IIae q. 69 a. 4 ad 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	726 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36447">Iª-IIae q. 70 pr.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	727 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36448">Iª-IIae q. 70 a. 1 arg. 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	728 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36449">Iª-IIae q. 70 a. 1 arg. 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	729 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36450">Iª-IIae q. 70 a. 1 arg. 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	730 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36451">Iª-IIae q. 70 a. 1 s. c.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	731 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36452">Iª-IIae q. 70 a. 1 co.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	732 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36453">Iª-IIae q. 70 a. 1 ad 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	733 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36454">Iª-IIae q. 70 a. 1 ad 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	734 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36455">Iª-IIae q. 70 a. 1 ad 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	735 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36456">Iª-IIae q. 70 a. 2 arg. 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	736 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36457">Iª-IIae q. 70 a. 2 arg. 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	737 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36458">Iª-IIae q. 70 a. 2 arg. 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	738 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36459">Iª-IIae q. 70 a. 2 s. c.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	739 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36460">Iª-IIae q. 70 a. 2 co.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	740 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36461">Iª-IIae q. 70 a. 2 ad 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	741 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36462">Iª-IIae q. 70 a. 2 ad 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	742 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36463">Iª-IIae q. 70 a. 2 ad 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	743 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36464">Iª-IIae q. 70 a. 3 arg. 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	744 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36465">Iª-IIae q. 70 a. 3 arg. 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	745 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36466">Iª-IIae q. 70 a. 3 arg. 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	746 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36467">Iª-IIae q. 70 a. 3 s. c.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	747 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36468">Iª-IIae q. 70 a. 3 co.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	748 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36469">Iª-IIae q. 70 a. 3 ad 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	749 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36470">Iª-IIae q. 70 a. 3 ad 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	750 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36471">Iª-IIae q. 70 a. 3 ad 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	751 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36472">Iª-IIae q. 70 a. 3 ad 4');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	752 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36473">Iª-IIae q. 70 a. 4 arg. 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	753 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36474">Iª-IIae q. 70 a. 4 arg. 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	754 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36475">Iª-IIae q. 70 a. 4 arg. 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	755 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36476">Iª-IIae q. 70 a. 4 s. c.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	756 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36477">Iª-IIae q. 70 a. 4 co.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	757 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36478">Iª-IIae q. 70 a. 4 ad 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	758 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36479">Iª-IIae q. 70 a. 4 ad 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	759 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36480">Iª-IIae q. 70 a. 4 ad 3');
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	760 document.write('<\/SELECT>');
26 4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	761 document.write('<BR><BR>');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	762 document.write('<INPUT TYPE="button" VALUE="Agedum" ONCLICK="go()">');
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	763 document.write('<\/FORM>');
26 4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	764 // -->
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	765 //]]>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	766 </script><br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	767 <hr />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	768 <br /></div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	769 <div class="D">Quaestio 55</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	770 <div class="G">Prooemium</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	771 <p title="I-II q. 55 pr."><a name="35787"><span class="ref">[35787]
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	772 Iª-IIae q. 55 pr.</span></a> Consequenter considerandum est de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	773 habitibus in speciali. Et quia habitus, ut dictum est,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	774 distinguuntur per bonum et malum, primo dicendum est de habitibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	775 bonis, qui sunt virtutes et alia eis adiuncta, scilicet dona,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	776 beatitudines et fructus; secundo, de habitibus malis, scilicet de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	777 vitiis et peccatis. Circa virtutes autem quinque consideranda sunt,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	778 primo, de essentia virtutis; secundo, de subiecto eius; tertio, de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	779 divisione virtutum; quarto, de causa virtutis; quinto, de quibusdam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	780 proprietatibus virtutis. Circa primum quaeruntur quatuor. Primo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	781 utrum virtus humana sit habitus. Secundo, utrum sit habitus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	782 operativus. Tertio, utrum sit habitus bonus. Quarto, de definitione
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	783 virtutis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	784 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	785 <div class="E">Articulus 1</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	786 <p title="I-II q. 55 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="35788"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	787 "ref">[35788] Iª-IIae q. 55 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	788 sic proceditur. Videtur quod virtus humana non sit habitus. Virtus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	789 enim est <i>ultimum potentiae</i>, ut dicitur in I de caelo. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	790 ultimum uniuscuiusque reducitur ad genus illud cuius est ultimum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	791 sicut punctum ad genus lineae. Ergo virtus reducitur ad genus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	792 potentiae, et non ad genus habitus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	793 <p title="I-II q. 55 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="35789"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	794 "ref">[35789] Iª-IIae q. 55 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	795 Augustinus dicit, in II de libero Arbit., quod <i>virtus est bonus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	796 usus liberi arbitrii</i>. Sed usus liberi arbitrii est actus. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	797 virtus non est habitus, sed actus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	798 <p title="I-II q. 55 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="35790"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	799 "ref">[35790] Iª-IIae q. 55 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	800 habitibus non meremur, sed actibus, alioquin homo mereretur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	801 continue, etiam dormiendo. Sed virtutibus meremur. Ergo virtutes
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	802 non sunt habitus, sed actus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	803 <p title="I-II q. 55 a. 1 arg. 4"><a name="35791"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	804 "ref">[35791] Iª-IIae q. 55 a. 1 arg. 4</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	805 Augustinus dicit, in libro de moribus Eccles., quod <i>virtus est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	806 ordo amoris</i>. Et in libro octoginta trium quaest., dicit quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	807 <i>ordinatio quae virtus vocatur, est fruendis frui, et utendis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	808 uti</i>. Ordo autem, seu ordinatio, nominat vel actum, vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	809 relationem. Ergo virtus non est habitus, sed actus vel relatio.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	810 <p title="I-II q. 55 a. 1 arg. 5"><a name="35792"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	811 "ref">[35792] Iª-IIae q. 55 a. 1 arg. 5</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	812 sicut inveniuntur virtutes humanae, ita et virtutes naturales. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	813 virtutes naturales non sunt habitus, sed potentiae quaedam. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	814 etiam neque virtutes humanae.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	815 <p title="I-II q. 55 a. 1 s. c."><a name="35793"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	816 "ref">[35793] Iª-IIae q. 55 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	817 est quod philosophus, in libro Praedicament., scientiam et virtutem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	818 ponit esse habitus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	819 <p title="I-II q. 55 a. 1 co."><a name="35794"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	820 "ref">[35794] Iª-IIae q. 55 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	821 dicendum quod virtus nominat quandam potentiae perfectionem.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	822 Uniuscuiusque autem perfectio praecipue consideratur in ordine ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	823 suum finem. Finis autem potentiae actus est. Unde potentia dicitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	824 esse perfecta, secundum quod determinatur ad suum actum. Sunt autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	825 quaedam potentiae quae secundum seipsas sunt determinatae ad suos
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	826 actus; sicut potentiae naturales activae. Et ideo huiusmodi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	827 potentiae naturales secundum seipsas dicuntur virtutes. Potentiae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	828 autem rationales, quae sunt propriae hominis, non sunt determinatae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	829 ad unum, sed se habent indeterminate ad multa, determinantur autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	830 ad actus per habitus, sicut ex supradictis patet. Et ideo virtutes
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	831 humanae habitus sunt.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	832 <p title="I-II q. 55 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="35795"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	833 "ref">[35795] Iª-IIae q. 55 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	834 ergo dicendum quod quandoque virtus dicitur id ad quod est virtus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	835 scilicet vel obiectum virtutis, vel actus eius, sicut fides dicitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	836 quandoque id quod creditur, quandoque vero ipsum credere, quandoque
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	837 autem ipse habitus quo creditur. Unde quando dicitur quod virtus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	838 est ultimum potentiae, sumitur virtus pro obiecto virtutis. Id enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	839 in quod ultimo potentia potest, est id ad quod dicitur virtus rei,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	840 sicut si aliquis potest ferre centum libras et non plus, virtus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	841 eius consideratur secundum centum libras, non autem secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	842 sexaginta. Obiectio autem procedebat ac si essentialiter virtus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	843 esset ultimum potentiae.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	844 <p title="I-II q. 55 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="35796"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	845 "ref">[35796] Iª-IIae q. 55 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	846 dicendum quod bonus usus liberi arbitrii dicitur esse virtus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	847 secundum eandem rationem, quia scilicet est id ad quod ordinatur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	848 virtus sicut ad proprium actum. Nihil est enim aliud actus virtutis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	849 quam bonus usus liberi arbitrii.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	850 <p title="I-II q. 55 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="35797"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	851 "ref">[35797] Iª-IIae q. 55 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	852 dicendum quod aliquo dicimur mereri dupliciter. Uno modo, sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	853 ipso merito, eo modo quo dicimur currere cursu, et hoc modo meremur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	854 actibus. Alio modo dicimur mereri aliquo sicut principio merendi,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	855 sicut dicimur currere potentia motiva, et sic dicimur mereri
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	856 virtutibus et habitibus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	857 <p title="I-II q. 55 a. 1 ad 4"><a name="35798"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	858 "ref">[35798] Iª-IIae q. 55 a. 1 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	859 dicendum quod virtus dicitur ordo vel ordinatio amoris, sicut id ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	860 quod est virtus, per virtutem enim ordinatur amor in nobis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	861 <p title="I-II q. 55 a. 1 ad 5"><a name="35799"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	862 "ref">[35799] Iª-IIae q. 55 a. 1 ad 5</span></a> Ad quintum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	863 dicendum quod potentiae naturales sunt de se determinatae ad unum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	864 non autem potentiae rationales. Et ideo non est simile, ut dictum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	865 est.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	866 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	867 <div class="E">Articulus 2</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	868 <p title="I-II q. 55 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="35800"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	869 "ref">[35800] Iª-IIae q. 55 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	870 sic proceditur. Videtur quod non sit de ratione virtutis humanae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	871 quod sit habitus operativus. Dicit enim Tullius, in IV de Tuscul.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	872 quaest., quod sicut est sanitas et pulchritudo corporis, ita est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	873 virtus animae. Sed sanitas et pulchritudo non sunt habitus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	874 operativi. Ergo neque etiam virtus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	875 <p title="I-II q. 55 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="35801"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	876 "ref">[35801] Iª-IIae q. 55 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	877 in rebus naturalibus invenitur virtus non solum ad agere, sed etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	878 ad esse, ut patet per philosophum, in I de caelo, quod quaedam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	879 habent virtutem ut sint semper, quaedam vero non ad hoc quod sint
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	880 semper, sed aliquo tempore determinato. Sed sicut se habet virtus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	881 naturalis in rebus naturalibus, ita se habet virtus humana in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	882 rationalibus. Ergo etiam virtus humana non solum est ad agere, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	883 etiam ad esse.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	884 <p title="I-II q. 55 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="35802"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	885 "ref">[35802] Iª-IIae q. 55 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	886 philosophus dicit, in VII Physic., quod virtus est dispositio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	887 perfecti ad optimum. Optimum autem ad quod hominem oportet disponi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	888 per virtutem, est ipse Deus, ut probat Augustinus in libro II de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	889 moribus Eccles.; ad quem disponitur anima per assimilationem ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	890 ipsum. Ergo videtur quod virtus dicatur qualitas quaedam animae in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	891 ordine ad Deum, tanquam assimilativa ad ipsum, non autem in ordine
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	892 ad operationem. Non igitur est habitus operativus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	893 <p title="I-II q. 55 a. 2 s. c."><a name="35803"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	894 "ref">[35803] Iª-IIae q. 55 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	895 est quod philosophus dicit, in II Ethic., quod <i>virtus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	896 uniuscuiusque rei est quae opus eius bonum reddit</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	897 <p title="I-II q. 55 a. 2 co."><a name="35804"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	898 "ref">[35804] Iª-IIae q. 55 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	899 dicendum quod virtus, ex ipsa ratione nominis, importat quandam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	900 perfectionem potentiae, ut supra dictum est. Unde, cum duplex sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	901 potentia, scilicet potentia ad esse et potentia ad agere, utriusque
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	902 potentiae perfectio virtus vocatur. Sed potentia ad esse se tenet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	903 ex parte materiae, quae est ens in potentia, potentia autem ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	904 agere se tenet ex parte formae, quae est principium agendi, eo quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	905 unumquodque agit inquantum est actu. In constitutione autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	906 hominis, corpus se habet sicut materia, anima vero sicut forma. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	907 quantum quidem ad corpus, homo communicat cum aliis animalibus; et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	908 similiter quantum ad vires quae sunt animae et corpori communes;
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	909 solae autem illae vires quae sunt propriae animae, scilicet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	910 rationales, sunt hominis tantum. Et ideo virtus humana, de qua
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	911 loquimur, non potest pertinere ad corpus; sed pertinet tantum ad id
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	912 quod est proprium animae. Unde virtus humana non importat ordinem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	913 ad esse, sed magis ad agere. Et ideo de ratione virtutis humanae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	914 est quod sit habitus operativus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	915 <p title="I-II q. 55 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="35805"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	916 "ref">[35805] Iª-IIae q. 55 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	917 ergo dicendum quod modus actionis sequitur dispositionem agentis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	918 unumquodque enim quale est, talia operatur. Et ideo, cum virtus sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	919 principium aliqualis operationis, oportet quod in operante
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	920 praeexistat secundum virtutem aliqua conformis dispositio. Facit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	921 autem virtus operationem ordinatam. Et ideo ipsa virtus est quaedam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	922 dispositio ordinata in anima, secundum scilicet quod potentiae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	923 animae ordinantur aliqualiter ad invicem, et ad id quod est extra.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	924 Et ideo virtus, inquantum est conveniens dispositio animae,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	925 assimilatur sanitati et pulchritudini, quae sunt debitae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	926 dispositiones corporis. Sed per hoc non excluditur quin virtus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	927 etiam sit operationis principium.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	928 <p title="I-II q. 55 a. 2 ad 2"><a name="35806"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	929 "ref">[35806] Iª-IIae q. 55 a. 2 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	930 dicendum quod virtus quae est ad esse, non est propria hominis, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	931 solum virtus quae est ad opera rationis, quae sunt propria
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	932 hominis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	933 <p title="I-II q. 55 a. 2 ad 3"><a name="35807"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	934 "ref">[35807] Iª-IIae q. 55 a. 2 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	935 dicendum quod, cum Dei substantia sit eius actio, summa assimilatio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	936 hominis ad Deum est secundum aliquam operationem. Unde, sicut supra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	937 dictum est, felicitas sive beatitudo, per quam homo maxime Deo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	938 conformatur, quae est finis humanae vitae, in operatione
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	939 consistit.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	940 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	941 <div class="E">Articulus 3</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	942 <p title="I-II q. 55 a. 3 arg. 1"><a name="35808"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	943 "ref">[35808] Iª-IIae q. 55 a. 3 arg. 1</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	944 sic proceditur. Videtur quod non sit de ratione virtutis quod sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	945 habitus bonus. Peccatum enim in malo semper sumitur. Sed etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	946 peccati est aliqua virtus; secundum illud I ad Cor. XV, <i>virtus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	947 peccati lex</i>. Ergo virtus non semper est habitus bonus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	948 <p title="I-II q. 55 a. 3 arg. 2"><a name="35809"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	949 "ref">[35809] Iª-IIae q. 55 a. 3 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	950 virtus potentiae respondet. Sed potentia non solum se habet ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	951 bonum, sed etiam ad malum; secundum illud Isaiae V, <i>vae, qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	952 potentes estis ad bibendum vinum, et viri fortes ad miscendam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	953 ebrietatem</i>. Ergo etiam virtus se habet et ad bonum et ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	954 malum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	955 <p title="I-II q. 55 a. 3 arg. 3"><a name="35810"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	956 "ref">[35810] Iª-IIae q. 55 a. 3 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	957 secundum apostolum, II ad Cor. XII, virtus in infirmitate
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	958 perficitur. Sed infirmitas est quoddam malum. Ergo virtus non solum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	959 se habet ad bonum, sed etiam ad malum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	960 <p title="I-II q. 55 a. 3 s. c."><a name="35811"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	961 "ref">[35811] Iª-IIae q. 55 a. 3 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	962 est quod Augustinus dicit, in libro de moribus Eccles., <i>nemo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	963 autem dubitaverit quod virtus animam facit optimam</i>. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	964 philosophus dicit, in II Ethic., quod <i>virtus est quae bonum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	965 facit habentem, et opus eius bonum reddit</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	966 <p title="I-II q. 55 a. 3 co."><a name="35812"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	967 "ref">[35812] Iª-IIae q. 55 a. 3 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	968 dicendum quod, sicut supra dictum est, virtus importat perfectionem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	969 potentiae, unde virtus cuiuslibet rei determinatur ad ultimum in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	970 quod res potest, ut dicitur in I de caelo. Ultimum autem in quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	971 unaquaeque potentia potest, oportet quod sit bonum, nam omne malum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	972 defectum quendam importat; unde Dionysius dicit, in IV cap. de Div.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	973 Nom., quod omne malum est infirmum. Et propter hoc oportet quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	974 virtus cuiuslibet rei dicatur in ordine ad bonum. Unde virtus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	975 humana, quae est habitus operativus, est bonus habitus, et boni
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	976 operativus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	977 <p title="I-II q. 55 a. 3 ad 1"><a name="35813"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	978 "ref">[35813] Iª-IIae q. 55 a. 3 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	979 ergo dicendum quod sicut perfectum, ita et bonum dicitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	980 metaphorice in malis, dicitur enim et perfectus fur sive latro, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	981 bonus fur sive latro; ut patet per philosophum, in V Metaphys.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	982 Secundum hoc ergo, etiam virtus metaphorice in malis dicitur. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	983 sic virtus peccati dicitur lex, inquantum scilicet per legem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	984 occasionaliter est peccatum augmentatum, et quasi ad maximum suum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	985 posse pervenit.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	986 <p title="I-II q. 55 a. 3 ad 2"><a name="35814"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	987 "ref">[35814] Iª-IIae q. 55 a. 3 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	988 dicendum quod malum ebrietatis et nimiae potationis, consistit in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	989 defectu ordinis rationis. Contingit autem, cum defectu rationis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	990 esse aliquam potentiam inferiorem perfectam ad id quod est sui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	991 generis, etiam cum repugnantia vel cum defectu rationis. Perfectio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	992 autem talis potentiae, cum sit cum defectu rationis, non posset
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	993 dici virtus humana.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	994 <p title="I-II q. 55 a. 3 ad 3"><a name="35815"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	995 "ref">[35815] Iª-IIae q. 55 a. 3 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	996 dicendum quod tanto ratio perfectior esse ostenditur, quanto
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	997 infirmitates corporis et inferiorum partium magis potest vincere
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	998 seu tolerare. Et ideo virtus humana, quae rationi attribuitur, in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	999 infirmitate perfici dicitur, non quidem rationis, sed in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1000 infirmitate corporis et inferiorum partium.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1001 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1002 <div class="E">Articulus 4</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1003 <p title="I-II q. 55 a. 4 arg. 1"><a name="35816"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1004 "ref">[35816] Iª-IIae q. 55 a. 4 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quartum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1005 sic proceditur. Videtur quod non sit conveniens definitio virtutis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1006 quae solet assignari, scilicet, virtus est bona qualitas mentis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1007 qua recte vivitur, qua nullus male utitur, quam Deus in nobis sine
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1008 nobis operatur. Virtus enim est bonitas hominis, ipsa enim est quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1009 bonum facit habentem. Sed bonitas non videtur esse bona, sicut nec
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1010 albedo est alba. Igitur inconvenienter dicitur quod virtus est bona
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1011 qualitas.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1012 <p title="I-II q. 55 a. 4 arg. 2"><a name="35817"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1013 "ref">[35817] Iª-IIae q. 55 a. 4 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1014 nulla differentia est communior suo genere, cum sit generis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1015 divisiva. Sed bonum est communius quam qualitas, convertitur enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1016 cum ente. Ergo bonum non debet poni in definitione virtutis, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1017 differentia qualitatis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1018 <p title="I-II q. 55 a. 4 arg. 3"><a name="35818"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1019 "ref">[35818] Iª-IIae q. 55 a. 4 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1020 sicut Augustinus dicit, in XII de Trin., <i>ubi primo occurrit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1021 aliquid quod non sit nobis pecoribusque commune, illud ad mentem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1022 pertinet</i>. Sed quaedam virtutes sunt etiam irrationabilium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1023 partium; ut philosophus dicit, in III Ethic. Non ergo omnis virtus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1024 est bona qualitas mentis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1025 <p title="I-II q. 55 a. 4 arg. 4"><a name="35819"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1026 "ref">[35819] Iª-IIae q. 55 a. 4 arg. 4</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1027 rectitudo videtur ad iustitiam pertinere, unde idem dicuntur recti,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1028 et iusti. Sed iustitia est species virtutis. Inconvenienter ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1029 ponitur rectum in definitione virtutis, cum dicitur, qua recte
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1030 vivitur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1031 <p title="I-II q. 55 a. 4 arg. 5"><a name="35820"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1032 "ref">[35820] Iª-IIae q. 55 a. 4 arg. 5</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1033 quicumque superbit de aliquo, male utitur eo. Sed multi superbiunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1034 de virtute, dicit enim Augustinus, in regula, <i>quod superbia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1035 etiam bonis operibus insidiatur, ut pereant</i>. Falsum est ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1036 quod nemo virtute male utatur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1037 <p title="I-II q. 55 a. 4 arg. 6"><a name="35821"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1038 "ref">[35821] Iª-IIae q. 55 a. 4 arg. 6</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1039 homo per virtutem iustificatur. Sed Augustinus dicit, super illud
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1040 Ioan., <i>maiora horum faciet, qui creavit te sine te, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1041 iustificabit te sine te</i>. Inconvenienter ergo dicitur quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1042 virtutem Deus in nobis sine nobis operatur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1043 <p title="I-II q. 55 a. 4 s. c."><a name="35822"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1044 "ref">[35822] Iª-IIae q. 55 a. 4 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1045 est auctoritas Augustini, ex cuius verbis praedicta definitio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1046 colligitur, et praecipue in II de libero arbitrio.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1047 <p title="I-II q. 55 a. 4 co."><a name="35823"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1048 "ref">[35823] Iª-IIae q. 55 a. 4 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1049 dicendum quod ista definitio perfecte complectitur totam rationem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1050 virtutis. Perfecta enim ratio uniuscuiusque rei colligitur ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1051 omnibus causis eius. Comprehendit autem praedicta definitio omnes
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1052 causas virtutis. Causa namque formalis virtutis, sicut et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1053 cuiuslibet rei, accipitur ex eius genere et differentia, cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1054 dicitur qualitas bona, genus enim virtutis qualitas est,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1055 differentia autem bonum. Esset tamen convenientior definitio, si
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1056 loco qualitatis habitus poneretur, qui est genus propinquum. Virtus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1057 autem non habet materiam ex qua, sicut nec alia accidentia, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1058 habet materiam circa quam; et materiam in qua, scilicet subiectum.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1059 Materia autem circa quam est obiectum virtutis; quod non potuit in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1060 praedicta definitione poni, eo quod per obiectum determinatur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1061 virtus ad speciem; hic autem assignatur definitio virtutis in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1062 communi. Unde ponitur subiectum loco causae materialis, cum dicitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1063 quod est bona qualitas mentis. Finis autem virtutis, cum sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1064 habitus operativus, est ipsa operatio. Sed notandum quod habituum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1065 operativorum aliqui sunt semper ad malum, sicut habitus vitiosi;
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1066 aliqui vero quandoque ad bonum, et quandoque ad malum, sicut opinio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1067 se habet ad verum et ad falsum; virtus autem est habitus semper se
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1068 habens ad bonum. Et ideo, ut discernatur virtus ab his quae semper
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1069 se habent ad malum, dicitur, qua recte vivitur, ut autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1070 discernatur ab his quae se habent quandoque ad bonum, quandoque ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1071 malum, dicitur, qua nullus male utitur. Causa autem efficiens
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1072 virtutis infusae, de qua definitio datur, Deus est. Propter quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1073 dicitur, quam Deus in nobis sine nobis operatur. Quae quidem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1074 particula si auferatur, reliquum definitionis erit commune omnibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1075 virtutibus, et acquisitis et infusis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1076 <p title="I-II q. 55 a. 4 ad 1"><a name="35824"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1077 "ref">[35824] Iª-IIae q. 55 a. 4 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1078 ergo dicendum quod id quod primo cadit in intellectu, est ens, unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1079 unicuique apprehenso a nobis attribuimus quod sit ens; et per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1080 consequens quod sit unum et bonum, quae convertuntur cum ente. Unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1081 dicimus quod essentia est ens et una et bona; et quod unitas est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1082 ens et una et bona; et similiter de bonitate. Non autem hoc habet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1083 locum in specialibus formis, sicut est albedo et sanitas, non enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1084 omne quod apprehendimus, sub ratione albi et sani apprehendimus.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1085 Sed tamen considerandum quod sicut accidentia et formae non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1086 subsistentes dicuntur entia, non quia ipsa habeant esse, sed quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1087 eis aliquid est; ita etiam dicuntur bona vel una, non quidem aliqua
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1088 alia bonitate vel unitate, sed quia eis est aliquid bonum vel unum.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1089 Sic igitur et virtus dicitur bona, quia ea aliquid est bonum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1090 <p title="I-II q. 55 a. 4 ad 2"><a name="35825"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1091 "ref">[35825] Iª-IIae q. 55 a. 4 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1092 dicendum quod bonum quod ponitur in definitione virtutis, non est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1093 bonum commune, quod convertitur cum ente, et est in plus quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1094 qualitas, sed est bonum rationis, secundum quod Dionysius dicit, in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1095 IV cap. de Div. Nom., <i>quod bonum animae est secundum rationem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1096 esse</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1097 <p title="I-II q. 55 a. 4 ad 3"><a name="35826"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1098 "ref">[35826] Iª-IIae q. 55 a. 4 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1099 dicendum quod virtus non potest esse in irrationali parte animae,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1100 nisi inquantum participat rationem, ut dicitur in I Ethic. Et ideo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1101 ratio, sive mens, est proprium subiectum virtutis humanae.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1102 <p title="I-II q. 55 a. 4 ad 4"><a name="35827"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1103 "ref">[35827] Iª-IIae q. 55 a. 4 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1104 dicendum quod iustitiae est propria rectitudo quae constituitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1105 circa res exteriores quae in usum hominis veniunt, quae sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1106 propria materia iustitiae, ut infra patebit. Sed rectitudo quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1107 importat ordinem ad finem debitum et ad legem divinam, quae est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1108 regula voluntatis humanae, ut supra dictum est, communis est omni
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1109 virtuti.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1110 <p title="I-II q. 55 a. 4 ad 5"><a name="35828"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1111 "ref">[35828] Iª-IIae q. 55 a. 4 ad 5</span></a> Ad quintum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1112 dicendum quod virtute potest aliquis male uti tanquam obiecto, puta
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1113 cum male sentit de virtute, cum odit eam, vel superbit de ea, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1114 autem tanquam principio usus, ita scilicet quod malus sit actus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1115 virtutis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1116 <p title="I-II q. 55 a. 4 ad 6"><a name="35829"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1117 "ref">[35829] Iª-IIae q. 55 a. 4 ad 6</span></a> Ad sextum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1118 dicendum quod virtus infusa causatur in nobis a Deo sine nobis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1119 agentibus, non tamen sine nobis consentientibus. Et sic est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1120 intelligendum quod dicitur, quam Deus in nobis sine nobis operatur.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1121 Quae vero per nos aguntur, Deus in nobis causat non sine nobis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1122 agentibus, ipse enim operatur in omni voluntate et natura.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1123 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1124 <div class="D">Quaestio 56</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1125 <div class="G">Prooemium</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1126 <p title="I-II q. 56 pr."><a name="35830"><span class="ref">[35830]
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1127 Iª-IIae q. 56 pr.</span></a> Deinde considerandum est de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1128 subiecto virtutis. Et circa hoc quaeruntur sex. Primo, utrum virtus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1129 sit in potentia animae sicut in subiecto. Secundo, utrum una virtus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1130 possit esse in pluribus potentiis. Tertio, utrum intellectus possit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1131 esse subiectum virtutis. Quarto, utrum irascibilis et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1132 concupiscibilis. Quinto, utrum vires apprehensivae sensitivae.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1133 Sexto, utrum voluntas.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1134 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1135 <div class="E">Articulus 1</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1136 <p title="I-II q. 56 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="35831"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1137 "ref">[35831] Iª-IIae q. 56 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1138 sic proceditur. Videtur quod virtus non sit in potentia animae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1139 sicut in subiecto. Dicit enim Augustinus, in II de Lib. Arbit.,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1140 quod virtus est qua recte vivitur. Vivere autem non est per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1141 potentiam animae, sed per eius essentiam. Ergo virtus non est in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1142 potentia animae, sed in eius essentia.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1143 <p title="I-II q. 56 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="35832"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1144 "ref">[35832] Iª-IIae q. 56 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1145 philosophus dicit, in II Ethic., <i>virtus est quae bonum facit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1146 habentem, et opus eius bonum reddit</i>. Sed sicut opus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1147 constituitur per potentiam, ita habens virtutem constituitur per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1148 essentiam animae. Ergo virtus non magis pertinet ad potentiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1149 animae, quam ad eius essentiam.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1150 <p title="I-II q. 56 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="35833"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1151 "ref">[35833] Iª-IIae q. 56 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1152 potentia est in secunda specie qualitatis. Virtus autem est quaedam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1153 qualitas, ut supra dictum est. Qualitatis autem non est qualitas.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1154 Ergo virtus non est in potentia animae sicut in subiecto.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1155 <p title="I-II q. 56 a. 1 s. c."><a name="35834"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1156 "ref">[35834] Iª-IIae q. 56 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1157 virtus est ultimum potentiae, ut dicitur in I de caelo. Sed ultimum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1158 est in eo cuius est ultimum. Ergo virtus est in potentia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1159 animae.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1160 <p title="I-II q. 56 a. 1 co."><a name="35835"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1161 "ref">[35835] Iª-IIae q. 56 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1162 dicendum quod virtutem pertinere ad potentiam animae, ex tribus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1163 potest esse manifestum. Primo quidem, ex ipsa ratione virtutis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1164 quae importat perfectionem potentiae, perfectio autem est in eo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1165 cuius est perfectio. Secundo, ex hoc quod est habitus operativus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1166 ut supra dictum est, omnis autem operatio est ab anima per aliquam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1167 potentiam. Tertio, ex hoc quod disponit ad optimum, optimum autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1168 est finis, qui vel est operatio rei, vel aliquid consecutum per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1169 operationem a potentia egredientem. Unde virtus humana est in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1170 potentia animae sicut in subiecto.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1171 <p title="I-II q. 56 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="35836"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1172 "ref">[35836] Iª-IIae q. 56 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1173 ergo dicendum quod vivere dupliciter sumitur. Quandoque enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1174 dicitur vivere ipsum esse viventis, et sic pertinet ad essentiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1175 animae, quae est viventi essendi principium. Alio modo vivere
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1176 dicitur operatio viventis, et sic virtute recte vivitur, inquantum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1177 per eam aliquis recte operatur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1178 <p title="I-II q. 56 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="35837"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1179 "ref">[35837] Iª-IIae q. 56 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1180 dicendum quod bonum vel est finis, vel in ordine ad finem dicitur.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1181 Et ideo, cum bonum operantis consistat in operatione, hoc etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1182 ipsum quod virtus facit operantem bonum, refertur ad operationem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1183 et per consequens ad potentiam.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1184 <p title="I-II q. 56 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="35838"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1185 "ref">[35838] Iª-IIae q. 56 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1186 dicendum quod unum accidens dicitur esse in alio sicut in subiecto,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1187 non quia accidens per seipsum possit sustentare aliud accidens, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1188 quia unum accidens inhaeret substantiae mediante alio accidente, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1189 color corpori mediante superficie; unde superficies dicitur esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1190 subiectum coloris. Et eo modo potentia animae dicitur esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1191 subiectum virtutis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1192 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1193 <div class="E">Articulus 2</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1194 <p title="I-II q. 56 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="35839"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1195 "ref">[35839] Iª-IIae q. 56 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1196 sic proceditur. Videtur quod una virtus possit esse in duabus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1197 potentiis. Habitus enim cognoscuntur per actus. Sed unus actus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1198 progreditur diversimode a diversis potentiis, sicut ambulatio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1199 procedit a ratione ut a dirigente, a voluntate sicut a movente, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1200 a potentia motiva sicut ab exequente. Ergo etiam unus habitus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1201 virtutis potest esse in pluribus potentiis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1202 <p title="I-II q. 56 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="35840"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1203 "ref">[35840] Iª-IIae q. 56 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1204 philosophus dicit, in II Ethic., quod ad virtutem tria requiruntur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1205 scilicet scire, velle et immobiliter operari. Sed scire pertinet ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1206 intellectum, velle ad voluntatem. Ergo virtus potest esse in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1207 pluribus potentiis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1208 <p title="I-II q. 56 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="35841"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1209 "ref">[35841] Iª-IIae q. 56 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1210 prudentia est in ratione, cum sit recta ratio agibilium, ut dicitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1211 in VI Ethic. Est etiam in voluntate, quia non potest esse cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1212 voluntate perversa, ut in eodem libro dicitur. Ergo una virtus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1213 potest esse in duabus potentiis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1214 <p title="I-II q. 56 a. 2 s. c."><a name="35842"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1215 "ref">[35842] Iª-IIae q. 56 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1216 virtus est in potentia animae sicut in subiecto. Sed idem accidens
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1217 non potest esse in pluribus subiectis. Ergo una virtus non potest
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1218 esse in pluribus potentiis animae.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1219 <p title="I-II q. 56 a. 2 co."><a name="35843"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1220 "ref">[35843] Iª-IIae q. 56 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1221 dicendum quod aliquid esse in duobus, contingit dupliciter. Uno
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1222 modo, sic quod ex aequo sit in utroque. Et sic impossibile est unam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1223 virtutem esse in duabus potentiis, quia diversitas potentiarum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1224 attenditur secundum generales conditiones obiectorum, diversitas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1225 autem habituum secundum speciales; unde ubicumque est diversitas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1226 potentiarum, est diversitas habituum, sed non convertitur. Alio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1227 modo potest esse aliquid in duobus vel pluribus, non ex aequo, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1228 ordine quodam. Et sic una virtus pertinere potest ad plures
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1229 potentias; ita quod in una sit principaliter, et se extendat ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1230 alias per modum diffusionis, vel per modum dispositionis; secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1231 quod una potentia movetur ab alia, et secundum quod una potentia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1232 accipit ab alia.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1233 <p title="I-II q. 56 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="35844"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1234 "ref">[35844] Iª-IIae q. 56 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1235 ergo dicendum quod idem actus non potest aequaliter, et eodem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1236 ordine, pertinere ad diversas potentias, sed secundum diversas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1237 rationes, et diverso ordine.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1238 <p title="I-II q. 56 a. 2 ad 2"><a name="35845"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1239 "ref">[35845] Iª-IIae q. 56 a. 2 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1240 dicendum quod scire praeexigitur ad virtutem moralem, inquantum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1241 virtus moralis operatur secundum rationem rectam. Sed essentialiter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1242 in appetendo virtus moralis consistit.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1243 <p title="I-II q. 56 a. 2 ad 3"><a name="35846"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1244 "ref">[35846] Iª-IIae q. 56 a. 2 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1245 dicendum quod prudentia realiter est in ratione sicut in subiecto,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1246 sed praesupponit rectitudinem voluntatis sicut principium, ut infra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1247 dicetur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1248 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1249 <div class="E">Articulus 3</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1250 <p title="I-II q. 56 a. 3 arg. 1"><a name="35847"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1251 "ref">[35847] Iª-IIae q. 56 a. 3 arg. 1</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1252 sic proceditur. Videtur quod intellectus non sit subiectum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1253 virtutis. Dicit enim Augustinus, in libro de moribus Eccles., quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1254 omnis virtus est amor. Subiectum autem amoris non est intellectus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1255 sed solum vis appetitiva. Ergo nulla virtus est in intellectu.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1256 <p title="I-II q. 56 a. 3 arg. 2"><a name="35848"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1257 "ref">[35848] Iª-IIae q. 56 a. 3 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1258 virtus ordinatur ad bonum, sicut ex supradictis patet. Bonum autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1259 non est obiectum intellectus, sed appetitivae virtutis. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1260 subiectum virtutis non est intellectus, sed appetitiva virtus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1261 <p title="I-II q. 56 a. 3 arg. 3"><a name="35849"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1262 "ref">[35849] Iª-IIae q. 56 a. 3 arg. 3</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1263 <i>Praeterea, virtus est quae bonum facit habentem</i>, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1264 philosophus dicit. Sed habitus perficiens intellectum non facit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1265 bonum habentem, non enim propter scientiam vel artem dicitur homo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1266 bonus. Ergo intellectus non est subiectum virtutis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1267 <p title="I-II q. 56 a. 3 s. c."><a name="35850"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1268 "ref">[35850] Iª-IIae q. 56 a. 3 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1269 est quod mens maxime dicitur intellectus. Subiectum autem virtutis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1270 est mens; ut patet ex definitione virtutis supra inducta. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1271 intellectus est subiectum virtutis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1272 <p title="I-II q. 56 a. 3 co."><a name="35851"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1273 "ref">[35851] Iª-IIae q. 56 a. 3 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1274 dicendum quod, sicut supra dictum est, virtus est habitus quo quis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1275 bene operatur. Dupliciter autem habitus aliquis ordinatur ad bonum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1276 actum. Uno modo, inquantum per huiusmodi habitum acquiritur homini
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1277 facultas ad bonum actum, sicut per habitum grammaticae habet homo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1278 facultatem recte loquendi. Non tamen grammatica facit ut homo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1279 semper recte loquatur, potest enim grammaticus barbarizare aut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1280 soloecismum facere. Et eadem ratio est in aliis scientiis et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1281 artibus. Alio modo, aliquis habitus non solum facit facultatem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1282 agendi, sed etiam facit quod aliquis recte facultate utatur, sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1283 iustitia non solum facit quod homo sit promptae voluntatis ad iusta
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1284 operandum, sed etiam facit ut iuste operetur. Et quia bonum, sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1285 et ens, non dicitur simpliciter aliquid secundum id quod est in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1286 potentia, sed secundum id quod est in actu; ideo ab huiusmodi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1287 habitibus simpliciter dicitur homo bonum operari, et esse bonus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1288 puta quia est iustus vel temperatus; et eadem ratio est de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1289 similibus. Et quia virtus est quae bonum facit habentem, et opus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1290 eius bonum reddit, huiusmodi habitus simpliciter dicuntur virtutes,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1291 quia reddunt bonum opus in actu, et simpliciter faciunt bonum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1292 habentem. Primi vero habitus non simpliciter dicuntur virtutes,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1293 quia non reddunt bonum opus nisi in quadam facultate, nec
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1294 simpliciter faciunt bonum habentem. Non enim dicitur simpliciter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1295 aliquis homo bonus, ex hoc quod est sciens vel artifex, sed dicitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1296 bonus solum secundum quid, puta bonus grammaticus, aut bonus faber.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1297 Et propter hoc, plerumque scientia et ars contra virtutem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1298 dividitur, quandoque autem virtutes dicuntur, ut patet in VI Ethic.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1299 Subiectum igitur habitus qui secundum quid dicitur virtus, potest
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1300 esse intellectus, non solum practicus, sed etiam intellectus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1301 speculativus, absque omni ordine ad voluntatem, sic enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1302 philosophus, in VI Ethic., scientiam, sapientiam et intellectum, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1303 etiam artem, ponit esse intellectuales virtutes. Subiectum vero
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1304 habitus qui simpliciter dicitur virtus, non potest esse nisi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1305 voluntas; vel aliqua potentia secundum quod est mota a voluntate.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1306 Cuius ratio est, quia voluntas movet omnes alias potentias quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1307 aliqualiter sunt rationales, ad suos actus, ut supra habitum est,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1308 et ideo quod homo actu bene agat, contingit ex hoc quod homo habet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1309 bonam voluntatem. Unde virtus quae facit bene agere in actu, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1310 solum in facultate, oportet quod vel sit in ipsa voluntate; vel in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1311 aliqua potentia secundum quod est a voluntate mota. Contingit autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1312 intellectum a voluntate moveri, sicut et alias potentias,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1313 considerat enim aliquis aliquid actu, eo quod vult. Et ideo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1314 intellectus, secundum quod habet ordinem ad voluntatem, potest esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1315 subiectum virtutis simpliciter dictae. Et hoc modo intellectus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1316 speculativus, vel ratio, est subiectum fidei, movetur enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1317 intellectus ad assentiendum his quae sunt fidei, ex imperio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1318 voluntatis; nullus enim credit nisi volens. Intellectus vero
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1319 practicus est subiectum prudentiae. Cum enim prudentia sit recta
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1320 ratio agibilium, requiritur ad prudentiam quod homo se bene habeat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1321 ad principia huius rationis agendorum, quae sunt fines; ad quos
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1322 bene se habet homo per rectitudinem voluntatis, sicut ad principia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1323 speculabilium per naturale lumen intellectus agentis. Et ideo sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1324 subiectum scientiae, quae est ratio recta speculabilium, est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1325 intellectus speculativus in ordine ad intellectum agentem; ita
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1326 subiectum prudentiae est intellectus practicus in ordine ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1327 voluntatem rectam.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1328 <p title="I-II q. 56 a. 3 ad 1"><a name="35852"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1329 "ref">[35852] Iª-IIae q. 56 a. 3 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1330 ergo dicendum quod verbum Augustini intelligendum est de virtute
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1331 simpliciter dicta non quod omnis talis virtus sit simpliciter amor;
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1332 sed quia dependet aliqualiter ab amore, inquantum dependet a
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1333 voluntate, cuius prima affectio est amor, ut supra dictum est.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1334 <p title="I-II q. 56 a. 3 ad 2"><a name="35853"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1335 "ref">[35853] Iª-IIae q. 56 a. 3 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1336 dicendum quod bonum uniuscuiusque est finis eius, et ideo, cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1337 verum sit finis intellectus, cognoscere verum est bonus actus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1338 intellectus. Unde habitus perficiens intellectum ad verum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1339 cognoscendum, vel in speculativis vel in practicis, dicitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1340 virtus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1341 <p title="I-II q. 56 a. 3 ad 3"><a name="35854"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1342 "ref">[35854] Iª-IIae q. 56 a. 3 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1343 dicendum quod ratio illa procedit de virtute simpliciter dicta.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1344 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1345 <div class="E">Articulus 4</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1346 <p title="I-II q. 56 a. 4 arg. 1"><a name="35855"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1347 "ref">[35855] Iª-IIae q. 56 a. 4 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quartum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1348 sic proceditur. Videtur quod irascibilis et concupiscibilis non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1349 possint esse subiectum virtutis. Huiusmodi enim vires sunt communes
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1350 nobis et brutis. Sed nunc loquimur de virtute secundum quod est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1351 propria homini, sic enim dicitur virtus humana. Non igitur humanae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1352 virtutis potest esse subiectum irascibilis et concupiscibilis, quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1353 sunt partes appetitus sensitivi, ut in primo dictum est.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1354 <p title="I-II q. 56 a. 4 arg. 2"><a name="35856"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1355 "ref">[35856] Iª-IIae q. 56 a. 4 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1356 appetitus sensitivus est vis utens organo corporali. Sed bonum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1357 virtutis non potest esse in corpore hominis, dicit enim apostolus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1358 Rom. VII, <i>scio quod non habitat in carne mea bonum</i>. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1359 appetitus sensitivus non potest esse subiectum virtutis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1360 <p title="I-II q. 56 a. 4 arg. 3"><a name="35857"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1361 "ref">[35857] Iª-IIae q. 56 a. 4 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1362 Augustinus probat, in libro de moribus Eccles., quod virtus non est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1363 in corpore, sed in anima, eo quod per animam corpus regitur, unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1364 quod aliquis corpore bene utatur, totum refertur ad animam;
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1365 <i>sicut si mihi auriga obtemperans, equos quibus praeest, recte
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1366 regit, hoc totum mihi debetur</i>. Sed sicut anima regit corpus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1367 ita etiam ratio regit appetitum sensitivum. Ergo totum rationali
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1368 parti debetur, quod irascibilis et concupiscibilis recte regantur.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1369 Sed virtus est qua recte vivitur, ut supra dictum est. Virtus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1370 igitur non est in irascibili et concupiscibili, sed solum in parte
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1371 rationali.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1372 <p title="I-II q. 56 a. 4 arg. 4"><a name="35858"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1373 "ref">[35858] Iª-IIae q. 56 a. 4 arg. 4</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1374 principalis actus virtutis moralis est electio, ut dicitur in VIII
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1375 Ethic. Sed electio non est actus irascibilis et concupiscibilis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1376 sed rationis, ut supra dictum est. Ergo virtus moralis non est in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1377 irascibili et concupiscibili, sed in ratione.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1378 <p title="I-II q. 56 a. 4 s. c."><a name="35859"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1379 "ref">[35859] Iª-IIae q. 56 a. 4 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1380 est quod fortitudo ponitur esse in irascibili, temperantia autem in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1381 concupiscibili. Unde philosophus dicit, in III Ethic., quod <i>hae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1382 virtutes sunt irrationabilium partium</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1383 <p title="I-II q. 56 a. 4 co."><a name="35860"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1384 "ref">[35860] Iª-IIae q. 56 a. 4 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1385 dicendum quod irascibilis et concupiscibilis dupliciter considerari
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1386 possunt. Uno modo secundum se, inquantum sunt partes appetitus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1387 sensitivi. Et hoc modo, non competit eis quod sint subiectum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1388 virtutis. Alio modo possunt considerari inquantum participant
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1389 rationem, per hoc quod natae sunt rationi obedire. Et sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1390 irascibilis vel concupiscibilis potest esse subiectum virtutis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1391 humanae, sic enim est principium humani actus, inquantum participat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1392 rationem. Et in his potentiis necesse est ponere virtutes. Quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1393 enim in irascibili et concupiscibili sint aliquae virtutes, patet.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1394 Actus enim qui progreditur ab una potentia secundum quod est ab
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1395 alia mota, non potest esse perfectus, nisi utraque potentia sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1396 bene disposita ad actum, sicut actus artificis non potest esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1397 congruus, nisi et artifex sit bene dispositus ad agendum, et etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1398 ipsum instrumentum. In his igitur circa quae operatur irascibilis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1399 et concupiscibilis secundum quod sunt a ratione motae, necesse est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1400 ut aliquis habitus perficiens ad bene agendum sit non solum in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1401 ratione, sed etiam in irascibili et concupiscibili. Et quia bona
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1402 dispositio potentiae moventis motae, attenditur secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1403 conformitatem ad potentiam moventem; ideo virtus quae est in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1404 irascibili et concupiscibili, nihil aliud est quam quaedam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1405 habitualis conformitas istarum potentiarum ad rationem.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1406 <p title="I-II q. 56 a. 4 ad 1"><a name="35861"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1407 "ref">[35861] Iª-IIae q. 56 a. 4 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1408 ergo dicendum quod irascibilis et concupiscibilis secundum se
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1409 consideratae, prout sunt partes appetitus sensitivi, communes sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1410 nobis et brutis. Sed secundum quod sunt rationales per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1411 participationem, ut obedientes rationi, sic sunt propriae hominis.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1412 Et hoc modo possunt esse subiectum virtutis humanae.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1413 <p title="I-II q. 56 a. 4 ad 2"><a name="35862"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1414 "ref">[35862] Iª-IIae q. 56 a. 4 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1415 dicendum quod, sicut caro hominis ex se quidem non habet bonum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1416 virtutis, fit tamen instrumentum virtuosi actus, inquantum, movente
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1417 ratione, membra nostra exhibemus ad serviendum iustitiae, ita etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1418 irascibilis et concupiscibilis ex se quidem non habent bonum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1419 virtutis sed magis infectionem fomitis; inquantum vero conformantur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1420 rationi, sic in eis adgeneratur bonum virtutis moralis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1421 <p title="I-II q. 56 a. 4 ad 3"><a name="35863"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1422 "ref">[35863] Iª-IIae q. 56 a. 4 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1423 dicendum quod alia ratione regitur corpus ab anima, et irascibilis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1424 et concupiscibilis a ratione. Corpus enim ad nutum obedit animae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1425 absque contradictione, in his in quibus natum est ab anima moveri,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1426 unde philosophus dicit, in I Polit., quod anima regit corpus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1427 despotico principatu, idest sicut dominus servum. Et ideo totus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1428 motus corporis refertur ad animam. Et propter hoc in corpore non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1429 est virtus, sed solum in anima. Sed irascibilis et concupiscibilis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1430 non ad nutum obediunt rationi, sed habent proprios motus suos,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1431 quibus interdum rationi repugnant, unde in eodem libro philosophus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1432 dicit quod ratio regit irascibilem et concupiscibilem principatu
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1433 politico, quo scilicet reguntur liberi, qui habent in aliquibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1434 propriam voluntatem. Et propter hoc etiam oportet in irascibili et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1435 concupiscibili esse aliquas virtutes, quibus bene disponantur ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1436 actum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1437 <p title="I-II q. 56 a. 4 ad 4"><a name="35864"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1438 "ref">[35864] Iª-IIae q. 56 a. 4 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1439 dicendum quod in electione duo sunt, scilicet intentio finis, quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1440 pertinet ad virtutem moralem; et praeacceptio eius quod est ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1441 finem, quod pertinet ad prudentiam; ut dicitur in VI Ethic. Quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1442 autem habeat rectam intentionem finis circa passiones animae, hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1443 contingit ex bona dispositione irascibilis et concupiscibilis. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1444 ideo virtutes morales circa passiones, sunt in irascibili et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1445 concupiscibili, sed prudentia est in ratione.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1446 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1447 <div class="E">Articulus 5</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1448 <p title="I-II q. 56 a. 5 arg. 1"><a name="35865"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1449 "ref">[35865] Iª-IIae q. 56 a. 5 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quintum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1450 sic proceditur. Videtur quod in viribus sensitivis apprehensivis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1451 interius, possit esse aliqua virtus. Appetitus enim sensitivus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1452 potest esse subiectum virtutis, inquantum obedit rationi. Sed vires
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1453 sensitivae apprehensivae interius, rationi obediunt, ad imperium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1454 enim rationis operatur et imaginativa et cogitativa et memorativa.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1455 Ergo in his viribus potest esse virtus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1456 <p title="I-II q. 56 a. 5 arg. 2"><a name="35866"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1457 "ref">[35866] Iª-IIae q. 56 a. 5 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1458 sicut appetitus rationalis, qui est voluntas, in suo actu potest
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1459 impediri, vel etiam adiuvari, per appetitum sensitivum; ita etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1460 intellectus vel ratio potest impediri, vel etiam iuvari, per vires
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1461 praedictas. Sicut ergo in viribus sensitivis appetitivis potest
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1462 esse virtus, ita etiam in apprehensivis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1463 <p title="I-II q. 56 a. 5 arg. 3"><a name="35867"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1464 "ref">[35867] Iª-IIae q. 56 a. 5 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1465 prudentia est quaedam virtus, cuius partem ponit Tullius memoriam,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1466 in sua rhetorica. Ergo etiam in vi memorativa potest esse aliqua
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1467 virtus. Et eadem ratione, in aliis interioribus apprehensivis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1468 viribus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1469 <p title="I-II q. 56 a. 5 s. c."><a name="35868"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1470 "ref">[35868] Iª-IIae q. 56 a. 5 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1471 est quod omnes virtutes vel sunt intellectuales, vel morales, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1472 dicitur in II Ethic. Morales autem virtutes omnes sunt in parte
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1473 appetitiva, intellectuales autem in intellectu vel ratione, sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1474 patet in VI Ethic. Nulla ergo virtus est in viribus sensitivis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1475 apprehensivis interius.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1476 <p title="I-II q. 56 a. 5 co."><a name="35869"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1477 "ref">[35869] Iª-IIae q. 56 a. 5 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1478 dicendum quod in viribus sensitivis apprehensivis interius,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1479 ponuntur aliqui habitus. Quod patet ex hoc praecipue quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1480 philosophus dicit, in libro de memoria, <i>quod in memorando unum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1481 post aliud, operatur consuetudo, quae est quasi quaedam natura</i>,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1482 nihil autem est aliud habitus consuetudinalis quam habitudo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1483 acquisita per consuetudinem, quae est in modum naturae. Unde de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1484 virtute dicit Tullius, in sua rhetorica, quod est <i>habitus in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1485 modum naturae, rationi consentaneus</i>. In homine tamen id quod ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1486 consuetudine acquiritur in memoria, et in aliis viribus sensitivis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1487 apprehensivis, non est habitus per se; sed aliquid annexum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1488 habitibus intellectivae partis, ut supra dictum est. Sed tamen si
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1489 qui sunt habitus in talibus viribus, virtutes dici non possunt.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1490 Virtus enim est habitus perfectus, quo non contingit nisi bonum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1491 operari, unde oportet quod virtus sit in illa potentia quae est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1492 consummativa boni operis. Cognitio autem veri non consummatur in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1493 viribus sensitivis apprehensivis; sed huiusmodi vires sunt quasi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1494 praeparatoriae ad cognitionem intellectivam. Et ideo in huiusmodi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1495 viribus non sunt virtutes, quibus cognoscitur verum; sed magis in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1496 intellectu vel ratione.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1497 <p title="I-II q. 56 a. 5 ad 1"><a name="35870"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1498 "ref">[35870] Iª-IIae q. 56 a. 5 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1499 ergo dicendum quod appetitus sensitivus se habet ad voluntatem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1500 quae est appetitus rationis, sicut motus ab eo. Et ideo opus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1501 appetitivae virtutis consummatur in appetitu sensitivo. Et propter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1502 hoc, appetitus sensitivus est subiectum virtutis. Virtutes autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1503 sensitivae apprehensivae magis se habent ut moventes respectu
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1504 intellectus, eo quod phantasmata se habent ad animam intellectivam,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1505 sicut colores ad visum, ut dicitur in III de anima. Et ideo opus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1506 cognitionis in intellectu terminatur. Et propter hoc, virtutes
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1507 cognoscitivae sunt in ipso intellectu vel ratione.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1508 <p title="I-II q. 56 a. 5 ad 2"><a name="35871"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1509 "ref">[35871] Iª-IIae q. 56 a. 5 ad 2</span></a> Et per hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1510 patet solutio ad secundum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1511 <p title="I-II q. 56 a. 5 ad 3"><a name="35872"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1512 "ref">[35872] Iª-IIae q. 56 a. 5 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1513 dicendum quod memoria non ponitur pars prudentiae, sicut species
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1514 est pars generis, quasi ipsa memoria sit quaedam virtus per se, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1515 quia unum eorum quae requiruntur ad prudentiam, est bonitas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1516 memoriae; ut sic quodammodo se habeat per modum partis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1517 integralis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1518 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1519 <div class="E">Articulus 6</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1520 <p title="I-II q. 56 a. 6 arg. 1"><a name="35873"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1521 "ref">[35873] Iª-IIae q. 56 a. 6 arg. 1</span></a> Ad sextum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1522 sic proceditur. Videtur quod voluntas non sit subiectum alicuius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1523 virtutis. Ad id enim quod convenit potentiae ex ipsa ratione
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1524 potentiae, non requiritur aliquis habitus. Sed de ipsa ratione
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1525 voluntatis, cum sit in ratione, secundum philosophum in III de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1526 anima, est quod tendat in id quod est bonum secundum rationem, ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1527 quod ordinatur omnis virtus, quia unumquodque naturaliter appetit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1528 proprium bonum, <i>virtus enim est habitus per modum naturae,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1529 consentaneus rationi</i>, ut Tullius dicit in sua rhetorica. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1530 voluntas non est subiectum virtutis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1531 <p title="I-II q. 56 a. 6 arg. 2"><a name="35874"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1532 "ref">[35874] Iª-IIae q. 56 a. 6 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1533 omnis virtus aut est intellectualis, aut moralis, ut dicitur in I
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1534 et II Ethic. Sed virtus intellectualis est, sicut in subiecto, in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1535 intellectu et ratione, non autem in voluntate, virtus autem moralis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1536 est, sicut in subiecto, in irascibili et concupiscibili, quae sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1537 rationales per participationem. Ergo nulla virtus est in voluntate
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1538 sicut in subiecto.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1539 <p title="I-II q. 56 a. 6 arg. 3"><a name="35875"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1540 "ref">[35875] Iª-IIae q. 56 a. 6 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1541 omnes actus humani, ad quos virtutes ordinantur, sunt voluntarii.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1542 Si igitur respectu aliquorum humanorum actuum sit aliqua virtus in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1543 voluntate, pari ratione respectu omnium actuum humanorum erit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1544 virtus in voluntate. Aut ergo in nulla alia potentia erit aliqua
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1545 virtus, aut ad eundem actum ordinabuntur duae virtutes, quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1546 videtur inconveniens. Voluntas ergo non potest esse subiectum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1547 virtutis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1548 <p title="I-II q. 56 a. 6 s. c."><a name="35876"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1549 "ref">[35876] Iª-IIae q. 56 a. 6 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1550 est quod maior perfectio requiritur in movente quam in moto. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1551 voluntas movet irascibilem et concupiscibilem. Multo ergo magis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1552 debet esse virtus in voluntate, quam in irascibili et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1553 concupiscibili.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1554 <p title="I-II q. 56 a. 6 co."><a name="35877"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1555 "ref">[35877] Iª-IIae q. 56 a. 6 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1556 dicendum quod, cum per habitum perficiatur potentia ad agendum, ibi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1557 indiget potentia habitu perficiente ad bene agendum, qui quidem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1558 habitus est virtus, ubi ad hoc non sufficit propria ratio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1559 potentiae. Omnis autem potentiae propria ratio attenditur in ordine
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1560 ad obiectum. Unde cum, sicut dictum est, obiectum voluntati sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1561 bonum rationis voluntati proportionatum, quantum ad hoc non indiget
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1562 voluntas virtute perficiente. Sed si quod bonum immineat homini
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1563 volendum, quod excedat proportionem volentis; sive quantum ad totam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1564 speciem humanam, sicut bonum divinum, quod transcendit limites
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1565 humanae naturae, sive quantum ad individuum, sicut bonum proximi;
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1566 ibi voluntas indiget virtute. Et ideo huiusmodi virtutes quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1567 ordinant affectum hominis in Deum vel in proximum, sunt in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1568 voluntate sicut in subiecto; ut caritas, iustitia et huiusmodi.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1569 <p title="I-II q. 56 a. 6 ad 1"><a name="35878"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1570 "ref">[35878] Iª-IIae q. 56 a. 6 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1571 ergo dicendum quod ratio illa habet locum de virtute quae ordinat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1572 ad bonum proprium ipsius volentis, sicut temperantia et fortitudo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1573 quae sunt circa passiones humanas et alia huiusmodi, ut ex dictis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1574 patet.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1575 <p title="I-II q. 56 a. 6 ad 2"><a name="35879"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1576 "ref">[35879] Iª-IIae q. 56 a. 6 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1577 dicendum quod rationale per participationem non solum est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1578 irascibilis et concupiscibilis; sed omnino, idest universaliter,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1579 appetitivum, ut dicitur in I Ethic. Sub appetitivo autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1580 comprehenditur voluntas. Et ideo, si qua virtus est in voluntate,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1581 erit moralis, nisi sit theologica, ut infra patebit.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1582 <p title="I-II q. 56 a. 6 ad 3"><a name="35880"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1583 "ref">[35880] Iª-IIae q. 56 a. 6 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1584 dicendum quod quaedam virtutes ordinantur ad bonum passionis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1585 moderatae, quod est proprium huius vel illius hominis, et in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1586 talibus non est necessarium quod sit aliqua virtus in voluntate,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1587 cum ad hoc sufficiat natura potentiae, ut dictum est. Sed hoc solum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1588 necessarium est in illis virtutibus quae ordinantur ad aliquod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1589 bonum extrinsecum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1590 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1591 <div class="D">Quaestio 57</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1592 <div class="G">Prooemium</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1593 <p title="I-II q. 57 pr."><a name="35881"><span class="ref">[35881]
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1594 Iª-IIae q. 57 pr.</span></a> Deinde considerandum est de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1595 distinctione virtutum. Et primo, quantum ad virtutes
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1596 intellectuales; secundo, quantum ad morales; tertio, quantum ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1597 theologicas. Circa primum quaeruntur sex. Primo, utrum habitus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1598 intellectuales speculativi sint virtutes. Secundo, utrum sint tres,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1599 scilicet sapientia, scientia et intellectus. Tertio, utrum habitus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1600 intellectualis qui est ars, sit virtus. Quarto, utrum prudentia sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1601 virtus distincta ab arte. Quinto, utrum prudentia sit virtus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1602 necessaria homini. Sexto, utrum eubulia, synesis et gnome sint
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1603 virtutes adiunctae prudentiae.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1604 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1605 <div class="E">Articulus 1</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1606 <p title="I-II q. 57 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="35882"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1607 "ref">[35882] Iª-IIae q. 57 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1608 sic proceditur. Videtur quod habitus intellectuales speculativi non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1609 sint virtutes. Virtus enim est habitus operativus, ut supra dictum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1610 est. Sed habitus speculativi non sunt operativi, distinguitur enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1611 speculativum a practico, idest operativo. Ergo habitus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1612 intellectuales speculativi non sunt virtutes.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1613 <p title="I-II q. 57 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="35883"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1614 "ref">[35883] Iª-IIae q. 57 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1615 virtus est eorum per quae fit homo felix sive beatus, eo quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1616 felicitas est virtutis praemium, ut dicitur in I Ethic. Sed habitus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1617 intellectuales non considerant actus humanos, aut alia bona humana,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1618 per quae homo beatitudinem adipiscitur, sed magis res naturales et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1619 divinas. Ergo huiusmodi habitus virtutes dici non possunt.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1620 <p title="I-II q. 57 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="35884"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1621 "ref">[35884] Iª-IIae q. 57 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1622 scientia est habitus speculativus. Sed scientia et virtus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1623 distinguuntur sicut diversa genera non subalternatim posita; ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1624 patet per philosophum, in IV Topic. Ergo habitus speculativi non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1625 sunt virtutes.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1626 <p title="I-II q. 57 a. 1 s. c."><a name="35885"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1627 "ref">[35885] Iª-IIae q. 57 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1628 soli habitus speculativi considerant necessaria quae impossibile
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1629 est aliter se habere. Sed philosophus ponit, in VI Ethic., quasdam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1630 virtutes intellectuales in parte animae quae considerat necessaria
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1631 quae non possunt aliter se habere. Ergo habitus intellectuales
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1632 speculativi sunt virtutes.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1633 <p title="I-II q. 57 a. 1 co."><a name="35886"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1634 "ref">[35886] Iª-IIae q. 57 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1635 dicendum quod, cum omnis virtus dicatur in ordine ad bonum, sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1636 supra dictum est, duplici ratione aliquis habitus dicitur virtus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1637 ut supra dictum est, uno modo, quia facit facultatem bene operandi;
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1638 alio modo, quia cum facultate, facit etiam usum bonum. Et hoc,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1639 sicut supra dictum est, pertinet solum ad illos habitus qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1640 respiciunt partem appetitivam, eo quod vis appetitiva animae est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1641 quae facit uti omnibus potentiis et habitibus. Cum igitur habitus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1642 intellectuales speculativi non perficiant partem appetitivam, nec
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1643 aliquo modo ipsam respiciant, sed solam intellectivam; possunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1644 quidem dici virtutes inquantum faciunt facultatem bonae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1645 operationis, quae est consideratio veri (hoc enim est bonum opus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1646 intellectus), non tamen dicuntur virtutes secundo modo, quasi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1647 facientes bene uti potentia seu habitu. Ex hoc enim quod aliquis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1648 habet habitum scientiae speculativae, non inclinatur ad utendum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1649 sed fit potens speculari verum in his quorum habet scientiam, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1650 quod utatur scientia habita, hoc est movente voluntate. Et ideo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1651 virtus quae perficit voluntatem, ut caritas vel iustitia, facit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1652 etiam bene uti huiusmodi speculativis habitibus. Et secundum hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1653 etiam, in actibus horum habituum potest esse meritum, si ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1654 caritate fiant, sicut Gregorius dicit, in VI Moral., quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1655 <i>contemplativa est maioris meriti quam activa</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1656 <p title="I-II q. 57 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="35887"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1657 "ref">[35887] Iª-IIae q. 57 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1658 ergo dicendum quod duplex est opus, scilicet exterius, et interius.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1659 Practicum ergo, vel operativum, quod dividitur contra speculativum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1660 sumitur ab opere exteriori, ad quod non habet ordinem habitus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1661 speculativus. Sed tamen habet ordinem ad interius opus intellectus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1662 quod est speculari verum. Et secundum hoc est habitus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1663 operativus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1664 <p title="I-II q. 57 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="35888"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1665 "ref">[35888] Iª-IIae q. 57 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1666 dicendum quod virtus est aliquorum dupliciter. Uno modo, sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1667 obiectorum. Et sic huiusmodi virtutes speculativae non sunt eorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1668 per quae homo fit beatus; nisi forte secundum quod ly per dicit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1669 causam efficientem vel obiectum completae beatitudinis, quod est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1670 Deus, quod est summum speculabile. Alio modo dicitur virtus esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1671 aliquorum sicut actuum. Et hoc modo virtutes intellectuales sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1672 eorum per quae homo fit beatus. Tum quia actus harum virtutum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1673 possunt esse meritorii, sicut dictum est. Tum etiam quia sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1674 quaedam inchoatio perfectae beatitudinis, quae in contemplatione
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1675 veri consistit, sicut supra dictum est.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1676 <p title="I-II q. 57 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="35889"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1677 "ref">[35889] Iª-IIae q. 57 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1678 dicendum quod scientia dividitur contra virtutem secundo modo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1679 dictam, quae pertinet ad vim appetitivam.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1680 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1681 <div class="E">Articulus 2</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1682 <p title="I-II q. 57 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="35890"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1683 "ref">[35890] Iª-IIae q. 57 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1684 sic proceditur. Videtur quod inconvenienter distinguantur tres
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1685 virtutes intellectuales speculativae, scilicet sapientia, scientia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1686 et intellectus. Species enim non debet condividi generi. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1687 sapientia est quaedam scientia, ut dicitur in VI Ethic. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1688 sapientia non debet condividi scientiae, in numero virtutum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1689 intellectualium.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1690 <p title="I-II q. 57 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="35891"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1691 "ref">[35891] Iª-IIae q. 57 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1692 in distinctione potentiarum, habituum et actuum, quae attenditur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1693 secundum obiecta, attenditur principaliter distinctio quae est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1694 secundum rationem formalem obiectorum, ut ex supradictis patet. Non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1695 ergo diversi habitus debent distingui secundum materiale obiectum;
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1696 sed secundum rationem formalem illius obiecti. Sed principium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1697 demonstrationis est ratio sciendi conclusiones. Non ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1698 intellectus principiorum debet poni habitus alius, aut alia virtus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1699 a scientia conclusionum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1700 <p title="I-II q. 57 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="35892"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1701 "ref">[35892] Iª-IIae q. 57 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1702 virtus intellectualis dicitur quae est in ipso rationali per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1703 essentiam. Sed ratio, etiam speculativa, sicut ratiocinatur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1704 syllogizando demonstrative; ita etiam ratiocinatur syllogizando
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1705 dialectice. Ergo sicut scientia, quae causatur ex syllogismo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1706 demonstrativo, ponitur virtus intellectualis speculativa; ita etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1707 et opinio.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1708 <p title="I-II q. 57 a. 2 s. c."><a name="35893"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1709 "ref">[35893] Iª-IIae q. 57 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1710 est quod philosophus, VI Ethic., ponit has solum tres virtutes
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1711 intellectuales speculativas, scilicet sapientiam, scientiam et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1712 intellectum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1713 <p title="I-II q. 57 a. 2 co."><a name="35894"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1714 "ref">[35894] Iª-IIae q. 57 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1715 dicendum quod, sicut iam dictum est, virtus intellectualis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1716 speculativa est per quam intellectus speculativus perficitur ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1717 considerandum verum, hoc enim est bonum opus eius. Verum autem est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1718 dupliciter considerabile, uno modo, sicut per se notum; alio modo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1719 sicut per aliud notum. Quod autem est per se notum, se habet ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1720 principium; et percipitur statim ab intellectu. Et ideo habitus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1721 perficiens intellectum ad huiusmodi veri considerationem, vocatur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1722 intellectus, qui est habitus principiorum. Verum autem quod est per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1723 aliud notum, non statim percipitur ab intellectu, sed per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1724 inquisitionem rationis, et se habet in ratione termini. Quod quidem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1725 potest esse dupliciter, uno modo, ut sit ultimum in aliquo genere;
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1726 alio modo, ut sit ultimum respectu totius cognitionis humanae.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1727 <i>Et quia ea quae sunt posterius nota quoad nos, sunt priora et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1728 magis nota secundum naturam</i>, ut dicitur in I Physic.; ideo id
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1729 quod est ultimum respectu totius cognitionis humanae, est id quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1730 est primum et maxime cognoscibile secundum naturam. Et circa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1731 huiusmodi est sapientia, quae considerat altissimas causas, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1732 dicitur in I Metaphys. Unde convenienter iudicat et ordinat de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1733 omnibus, quia iudicium perfectum et universale haberi non potest
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1734 nisi per resolutionem ad primas causas. Ad id vero quod est ultimum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1735 in hoc vel in illo genere cognoscibilium, perficit intellectum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1736 scientia. Et ideo secundum diversa genera scibilium, sunt diversi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1737 habitus scientiarum, cum tamen sapientia non sit nisi una.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1738 <p title="I-II q. 57 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="35895"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1739 "ref">[35895] Iª-IIae q. 57 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1740 ergo dicendum quod sapientia est quaedam scientia, inquantum habet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1741 id quod est commune omnibus scientiis, ut scilicet ex principiis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1742 conclusiones demonstret. Sed quia habet aliquid proprium supra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1743 alias scientias, inquantum scilicet de omnibus iudicat; et non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1744 solum quantum ad conclusiones, sed etiam quantum ad prima
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1745 principia, ideo habet rationem perfectioris virtutis quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1746 scientia.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1747 <p title="I-II q. 57 a. 2 ad 2"><a name="35896"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1748 "ref">[35896] Iª-IIae q. 57 a. 2 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1749 dicendum quod quando ratio obiecti sub uno actu refertur ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1750 potentiam vel habitum, tunc non distinguuntur habitus vel potentiae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1751 penes rationem obiecti et obiectum materiale, sicut ad eandem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1752 potentiam visivam pertinet videre colorem, et lumen, quod est ratio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1753 videndi colorem et simul cum ipso videtur. Principia vero
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1754 demonstrationis possunt seorsum considerari, absque hoc quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1755 considerentur conclusiones. Possunt etiam considerari simul cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1756 conclusionibus, prout principia in conclusiones deducuntur.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1757 Considerare ergo hoc secundo modo principia, pertinet ad scientiam,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1758 quae considerat etiam conclusiones, sed considerare principia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1759 secundum seipsa, pertinet ad intellectum. Unde, si quis recte
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1760 consideret, istae tres virtutes non ex aequo distinguuntur ab
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1761 invicem, sed ordine quodam; sicut accidit in totis potentialibus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1762 quorum una pars est perfectior altera, sicut anima rationalis est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1763 perfectior quam sensibilis, et sensibilis quam vegetabilis. Hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1764 enim modo, scientia dependet ab intellectu sicut a principaliori.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1765 Et utrumque dependet a sapientia sicut a principalissimo, quae sub
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1766 se continet et intellectum et scientiam, ut de conclusionibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1767 scientiarum diiudicans, et de principiis earundem.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1768 <p title="I-II q. 57 a. 2 ad 3"><a name="35897"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1769 "ref">[35897] Iª-IIae q. 57 a. 2 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1770 dicendum quod, sicut supra dictum est, habitus virtutis determinate
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1771 se habet ad bonum, nullo autem modo ad malum. Bonum autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1772 intellectus est verum, malum autem eius est falsum. Unde soli illi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1773 habitus virtutes intellectuales dicuntur, quibus semper dicitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1774 verum, et nunquam falsum. Opinio vero et suspicio possunt esse veri
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1775 et falsi. Et ideo non sunt intellectuales virtutes, ut dicitur in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1776 VI Ethic.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1777 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1778 <div class="E">Articulus 3</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1779 <p title="I-II q. 57 a. 3 arg. 1"><a name="35898"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1780 "ref">[35898] Iª-IIae q. 57 a. 3 arg. 1</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1781 sic proceditur. Videtur quod ars non sit virtus intellectualis.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1782 Dicit enim Augustinus, in libro de libero arbitrio, quod virtute
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1783 nullus male utitur. Sed arte aliquis male utitur, potest enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1784 aliquis artifex, secundum scientiam artis suae, male operari. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1785 ars non est virtus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1786 <p title="I-II q. 57 a. 3 arg. 2"><a name="35899"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1787 "ref">[35899] Iª-IIae q. 57 a. 3 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1788 virtutis non est virtus. Artis autem est aliqua virtus, ut dicitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1789 in VI Ethic. Ergo ars non est virtus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1790 <p title="I-II q. 57 a. 3 arg. 3"><a name="35900"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1791 "ref">[35900] Iª-IIae q. 57 a. 3 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1792 artes liberales sunt excellentiores quam artes mechanicae. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1793 sicut artes mechanicae sunt practicae, ita artes liberales sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1794 speculativae. Ergo si ars esset virtus intellectualis, deberet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1795 virtutibus speculativis annumerari.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1796 <p title="I-II q. 57 a. 3 s. c."><a name="35901"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1797 "ref">[35901] Iª-IIae q. 57 a. 3 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1798 est quod philosophus, in VI Ethic., ponit artem esse virtutem; nec
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1799 tamen connumerat eam virtutibus speculativis, quarum subiectum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1800 ponit scientificam partem animae.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1801 <p title="I-II q. 57 a. 3 co."><a name="35902"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1802 "ref">[35902] Iª-IIae q. 57 a. 3 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1803 dicendum quod ars nihil aliud est quam ratio recta aliquorum operum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1804 faciendorum. Quorum tamen bonum non consistit in eo quod appetitus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1805 humanus aliquo modo se habet, sed in eo quod ipsum opus quod fit,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1806 in se bonum est. Non enim pertinet ad laudem artificis, inquantum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1807 artifex est, qua voluntate opus faciat; sed quale sit opus quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1808 facit. Sic igitur ars, proprie loquendo, habitus operativus est. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1809 tamen in aliquo convenit cum habitibus speculativis, quia etiam ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1810 ipsos habitus speculativos pertinet qualiter se habeat res quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1811 considerant, non autem qualiter se habeat appetitus humanus ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1812 illas. Dummodo enim verum geometra demonstret, non refert qualiter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1813 se habeat secundum appetitivam partem, utrum sit laetus vel iratus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1814 sicut nec in artifice refert, ut dictum est. Et ideo eo modo ars
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1815 habet rationem virtutis, sicut et habitus speculativi, inquantum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1816 scilicet nec ars, nec habitus speculativus, faciunt bonum opus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1817 quantum ad usum, quod est proprium virtutis perficientis appetitum;
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1818 sed solum quantum ad facultatem bene agendi.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1819 <p title="I-II q. 57 a. 3 ad 1"><a name="35903"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1820 "ref">[35903] Iª-IIae q. 57 a. 3 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1821 ergo dicendum quod, cum aliquis habens artem operatur malum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1822 artificium, hoc non est opus artis, immo est contra artem, sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1823 etiam cum aliquis sciens verum mentitur, hoc quod dicit non est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1824 secundum scientiam, sed contra scientiam. Unde sicut scientia se
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1825 habet semper ad bonum, ut dictum est, ita et ars, et secundum hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1826 dicitur virtus. In hoc tamen deficit a perfecta ratione virtutis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1827 quia non facit ipsum bonum usum, sed ad hoc aliquid aliud
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1828 requiritur, quamvis bonus usus sine arte esse non possit.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1829 <p title="I-II q. 57 a. 3 ad 2"><a name="35904"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1830 "ref">[35904] Iª-IIae q. 57 a. 3 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1831 dicendum quod, quia ad hoc ut homo bene utatur arte quam habet,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1832 requiritur bona voluntas, quae perficitur per virtutem moralem;
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1833 ideo philosophus dicit quod artis est virtus, scilicet moralis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1834 inquantum ad bonum usum eius aliqua virtus moralis requiritur.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1835 Manifestum est enim quod artifex per iustitiam, quae facit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1836 voluntatem rectam, inclinatur ut opus fidele faciat.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1837 <p title="I-II q. 57 a. 3 ad 3"><a name="35905"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1838 "ref">[35905] Iª-IIae q. 57 a. 3 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1839 dicendum quod etiam in ipsis speculabilibus est aliquid per modum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1840 cuiusdam operis, puta constructio syllogismi aut orationis congruae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1841 aut opus numerandi vel mensurandi. Et ideo quicumque ad huiusmodi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1842 opera rationis habitus speculativi ordinantur, dicuntur per quandam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1843 similitudinem artes, sed liberales; ad differentiam illarum artium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1844 quae ordinantur ad opera per corpus exercita, quae sunt quodammodo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1845 serviles, inquantum corpus serviliter subditur animae, et homo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1846 secundum animam est liber. Illae vero scientiae quae ad nullum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1847 huiusmodi opus ordinantur, simpliciter scientiae dicuntur, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1848 autem artes. Nec oportet, si liberales artes sunt nobiliores, quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1849 magis eis conveniat ratio artis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1850 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1851 <div class="E">Articulus 4</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1852 <p title="I-II q. 57 a. 4 arg. 1"><a name="35906"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1853 "ref">[35906] Iª-IIae q. 57 a. 4 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quartum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1854 sic proceditur. Videtur quod prudentia non sit alia virtus ab arte.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1855 Ars enim est ratio recta aliquorum operum. Sed diversa genera
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1856 operum non faciunt ut aliquid amittat rationem artis, sunt enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1857 diversae artes circa opera valde diversa. Cum igitur etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1858 prudentia sit quaedam ratio recta operum, videtur quod etiam ipsa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1859 debeat dici ars.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1860 <p title="I-II q. 57 a. 4 arg. 2"><a name="35907"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1861 "ref">[35907] Iª-IIae q. 57 a. 4 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1862 prudentia magis convenit cum arte quam habitus speculativi,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1863 utrumque enim eorum est circa contingens aliter se habere, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1864 dicitur in VI Ethic. Sed quidam habitus speculativi dicuntur artes.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1865 Ergo multo magis prudentia debet dici ars.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1866 <p title="I-II q. 57 a. 4 arg. 3"><a name="35908"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1867 "ref">[35908] Iª-IIae q. 57 a. 4 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1868 ad prudentiam pertinet bene consiliari, ut dicitur in VI Ethic. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1869 etiam in quibusdam artibus consiliari contingit, ut dicitur in III
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1870 Ethic., sicut in arte militari, et gubernativa, et medicinali. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1871 prudentia ab arte non distinguitur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1872 <p title="I-II q. 57 a. 4 s. c."><a name="35909"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1873 "ref">[35909] Iª-IIae q. 57 a. 4 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1874 est quod philosophus distinguit prudentiam ab arte, in VI
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1875 Ethic.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1876 <p title="I-II q. 57 a. 4 co."><a name="35910"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1877 "ref">[35910] Iª-IIae q. 57 a. 4 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1878 dicendum quod ubi invenitur diversa ratio virtutis, ibi oportet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1879 virtutes distingui. Dictum est autem supra quod aliquis habitus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1880 habet rationem virtutis ex hoc solum quod facit facultatem boni
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1881 operis, aliquis autem ex hoc quod facit non solum facultatem boni
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1882 operis, sed etiam usum. Ars autem facit solum facultatem boni
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1883 operis, quia non respicit appetitum. Prudentia autem non solum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1884 facit boni operis facultatem, sed etiam usum, respicit enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1885 appetitum, tanquam praesupponens rectitudinem appetitus. Cuius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1886 differentiae ratio est, quia ars est recta ratio factibilium;
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1887 prudentia vero est recta ratio agibilium. Differt autem facere et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1888 agere quia, ut dicitur in IX Metaphys., factio est actus transiens
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1889 in exteriorem materiam, sicut aedificare, secare, et huiusmodi;
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1890 agere autem est actus permanens in ipso agente, sicut videre,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1891 velle, et huiusmodi. Sic igitur hoc modo se habet prudentia ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1892 huiusmodi actus humanos, qui sunt usus potentiarum et habituum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1893 sicut se habet ars ad exteriores factiones, quia utraque est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1894 perfecta ratio respectu illorum ad quae comparatur. Perfectio autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1895 et rectitudo rationis in speculativis, dependet ex principiis, ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1896 quibus ratio syllogizat, sicut dictum est quod scientia dependet ab
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1897 intellectu, qui est habitus principiorum, et praesupponit ipsum. In
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1898 humanis autem actibus se habent fines sicut principia in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1899 speculativis, ut dicitur in VII Ethic. Et ideo ad prudentiam, quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1900 est recta ratio agibilium, requiritur quod homo sit bene dispositus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1901 circa fines, quod quidem est per appetitum rectum. Et ideo ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1902 prudentiam requiritur moralis virtus, per quam fit appetitus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1903 rectus. Bonum autem artificialium non est bonum appetitus humani,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1904 sed bonum ipsorum operum artificialium, et ideo ars non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1905 praesupponit appetitum rectum. Et inde est quod magis laudatur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1906 artifex qui volens peccat, quam qui peccat nolens; magis autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1907 contra prudentiam est quod aliquis peccet volens, quam nolens, quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1908 rectitudo voluntatis est de ratione prudentiae, non autem de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1909 ratione artis. Sic igitur patet quod prudentia est virtus distincta
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1910 ab arte.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1911 <p title="I-II q. 57 a. 4 ad 1"><a name="35911"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1912 "ref">[35911] Iª-IIae q. 57 a. 4 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1913 ergo dicendum quod diversa genera artificialium omnia sunt extra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1914 hominem, et ideo non diversificatur ratio virtutis. Sed prudentia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1915 est recta ratio ipsorum actuum humanorum, unde diversificatur ratio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1916 virtutis, ut dictum est.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1917 <p title="I-II q. 57 a. 4 ad 2"><a name="35912"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1918 "ref">[35912] Iª-IIae q. 57 a. 4 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1919 dicendum quod prudentia magis convenit cum arte quam habitus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1920 speculativi, quantum ad subiectum et materiam, utrumque enim est in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1921 opinativa parte animae, et circa contingens aliter se habere. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1922 ars magis convenit cum habitibus speculativis in ratione virtutis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1923 quam cum prudentia, ut ex dictis patet.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1924 <p title="I-II q. 57 a. 4 ad 3"><a name="35913"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1925 "ref">[35913] Iª-IIae q. 57 a. 4 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1926 dicendum quod prudentia est bene consiliativa de his quae pertinent
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1927 ad totam vitam hominis, et ad ultimum finem vitae humanae. Sed in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1928 artibus aliquibus est consilium de his quae pertinent ad fines
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1929 proprios illarum artium. Unde aliqui, inquantum sunt bene
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1930 consiliativi in rebus bellicis vel nauticis, dicuntur prudentes
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1931 duces vel gubernatores, non autem prudentes simpliciter, sed illi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1932 solum qui bene consiliantur de his quae conferunt ad totam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1933 vitam.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1934 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1935 <div class="E">Articulus 5</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1936 <p title="I-II q. 57 a. 5 arg. 1"><a name="35914"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1937 "ref">[35914] Iª-IIae q. 57 a. 5 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quintum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1938 sic proceditur. Videtur quod prudentia non sit virtus necessaria ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1939 bene vivendum. Sicut enim se habet ars ad factibilia, quorum est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1940 ratio recta; ita se habet prudentia ad agibilia, secundum quae vita
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1941 hominis consideratur, est enim eorum recta ratio prudentia, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1942 dicitur in VI Ethic. Sed ars non est necessaria in rebus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1943 factibilibus nisi ad hoc quod fiant, non autem postquam sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1944 factae. Ergo nec prudentia est necessaria homini ad bene vivendum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1945 postquam est virtuosus, sed forte solum quantum ad hoc quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1946 virtuosus fiat.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1947 <p title="I-II q. 57 a. 5 arg. 2"><a name="35915"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1948 "ref">[35915] Iª-IIae q. 57 a. 5 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1949 prudentia est per quam recte consiliamur, ut dicitur in VI Ethic.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1950 Sed homo potest ex bono consilio agere non solum proprio, sed etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1951 alieno. Ergo non est necessarium ad bene vivendum quod ipse homo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1952 habeat prudentiam; sed sufficit quod prudentum consilia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1953 sequatur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1954 <p title="I-II q. 57 a. 5 arg. 3"><a name="35916"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1955 "ref">[35916] Iª-IIae q. 57 a. 5 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1956 virtus intellectualis est secundum quam contingit semper dicere
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1957 verum, et nunquam falsum. Sed hoc non videtur contingere secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1958 prudentiam, non enim est humanum quod in consiliando de agendis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1959 nunquam erretur; cum humana agibilia sint contingentia aliter se
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1960 habere. Unde dicitur Sap. IX, <i>cogitationes mortalium timidae, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1961 incertae providentiae nostrae</i>. Ergo videtur quod prudentia non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1962 debeat poni intellectualis virtus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1963 <p title="I-II q. 57 a. 5 s. c."><a name="35917"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1964 "ref">[35917] Iª-IIae q. 57 a. 5 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1965 est quod Sap. VIII, connumeratur aliis virtutibus necessariis ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1966 vitam humanam, cum dicitur de divina sapientia, <i>sobrietatem et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1967 prudentiam docet, iustitiam et virtutem, quibus utilius nihil est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1968 in vita hominibus</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1969 <p title="I-II q. 57 a. 5 co."><a name="35918"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1970 "ref">[35918] Iª-IIae q. 57 a. 5 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1971 dicendum quod prudentia est virtus maxime necessaria ad vitam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1972 humanam. Bene enim vivere consistit in bene operari. Ad hoc autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1973 quod aliquis bene operetur, non solum requiritur quid faciat, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1974 etiam quomodo faciat; ut scilicet secundum electionem rectam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1975 operetur, non solum ex impetu aut passione. Cum autem electio sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1976 eorum quae sunt ad finem, rectitudo electionis duo requirit,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1977 scilicet debitum finem; et id quod convenienter ordinatur ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1978 debitum finem. Ad debitum autem finem homo convenienter disponitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1979 per virtutem quae perficit partem animae appetitivam, cuius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1980 obiectum est bonum et finis. Ad id autem quod convenienter in finem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1981 debitum ordinatur, oportet quod homo directe disponatur per habitum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1982 rationis, quia consiliari et eligere, quae sunt eorum quae sunt ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1983 finem, sunt actus rationis. Et ideo necesse est in ratione esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1984 aliquam virtutem intellectualem, per quam perficiatur ratio ad hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1985 quod convenienter se habeat ad ea quae sunt ad finem. Et haec
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1986 virtus est prudentia. Unde prudentia est virtus necessaria ad bene
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1987 vivendum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1988 <p title="I-II q. 57 a. 5 ad 1"><a name="35919"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1989 "ref">[35919] Iª-IIae q. 57 a. 5 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1990 ergo dicendum quod bonum artis consideratur non in ipso artifice,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1991 sed magis in ipso artificiato, cum ars sit ratio recta factibilium,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1992 factio enim, in exteriorem materiam transiens, non est perfectio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1993 facientis, sed facti, sicut motus est actus mobilis; ars autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1994 circa factibilia est. Sed prudentiae bonum attenditur in ipso
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1995 agente, cuius perfectio est ipsum agere, est enim prudentia recta
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1996 ratio agibilium, ut dictum est. Et ideo ad artem non requiritur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1997 quod artifex bene operetur, sed quod bonum opus faciat.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1998 Requireretur autem magis quod ipsum artificiatum bene operaretur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1999 sicut quod cultellus bene incideret, vel serra bene secaret; si
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2000 proprie horum esset agere, et non magis agi, quia non habent
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2001 dominium sui actus. Et ideo ars non est necessaria ad bene vivendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2002 ipsi artificis; sed solum ad faciendum artificiatum bonum, et ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2003 conservandum ipsum. Prudentia autem est necessaria homini ad bene
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2004 vivendum, non solum ad hoc quod fiat bonus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2005 <p title="I-II q. 57 a. 5 ad 2"><a name="35920"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2006 "ref">[35920] Iª-IIae q. 57 a. 5 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2007 dicendum quod, cum homo bonum operatur non secundum propriam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2008 rationem, sed motus ex consilio alterius; nondum est omnino
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2009 perfecta operatio ipsius, quantum ad rationem dirigentem, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2010 quantum ad appetitum moventem. Unde si bonum operetur, non tamen
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2011 simpliciter bene; quod est bene vivere.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2012 <p title="I-II q. 57 a. 5 ad 3"><a name="35921"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2013 "ref">[35921] Iª-IIae q. 57 a. 5 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2014 dicendum quod verum intellectus practici aliter accipitur quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2015 verum intellectus speculativi, ut dicitur in VI Ethic. Nam verum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2016 intellectus speculativi accipitur per conformitatem intellectus ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2017 rem. Et quia intellectus non potest infallibiliter conformari rebus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2018 in contingentibus, sed solum in necessariis; ideo nullus habitus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2019 speculativus contingentium est intellectualis virtus, sed solum est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2020 circa necessaria. Verum autem intellectus practici accipitur per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2021 conformitatem ad appetitum rectum. Quae quidem conformitas in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2022 necessariis locum non habet, quae voluntate humana non fiunt, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2023 solum in contingentibus quae possunt a nobis fieri, sive sint
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2024 agibilia interiora, sive factibilia exteriora. Et ideo circa sola
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2025 contingentia ponitur virtus intellectus practici, circa factibilia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2026 quidem, ars; circa agibilia vero prudentia.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2027 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2028 <div class="E">Articulus 6</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2029 <p title="I-II q. 57 a. 6 arg. 1"><a name="35922"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2030 "ref">[35922] Iª-IIae q. 57 a. 6 arg. 1</span></a> Ad sextum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2031 sic proceditur. Videtur quod inconvenienter adiungantur prudentiae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2032 eubulia, synesis et gnome. Eubulia enim est habitus quo bene
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2033 consiliamur, ut dicitur in VI Ethic. Sed bene consiliari pertinet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2034 ad prudentiam, ut in eodem libro dicitur. Ergo eubulia non est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2035 virtus adiuncta prudentiae, sed magis est ipsa prudentia.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2036 <p title="I-II q. 57 a. 6 arg. 2"><a name="35923"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2037 "ref">[35923] Iª-IIae q. 57 a. 6 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2038 ad superiorem pertinet de inferioribus iudicare. Illa ergo virtus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2039 videtur suprema, cuius est actus iudicium. Sed synesis est bene
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2040 iudicativa. Ergo synesis non est virtus adiuncta prudentiae, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2041 magis ipsa est principalis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2042 <p title="I-II q. 57 a. 6 arg. 3"><a name="35924"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2043 "ref">[35924] Iª-IIae q. 57 a. 6 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2044 sicut diversa sunt ea de quibus est iudicandum, ita etiam diversa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2045 sunt ea de quibus est consiliandum. Sed circa omnia consiliabilia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2046 ponitur una virtus, scilicet eubulia. Ergo ad bene iudicandum de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2047 agendis, non oportet ponere, praeter synesim, aliam virtutem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2048 scilicet gnomen.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2049 <p title="I-II q. 57 a. 6 arg. 4"><a name="35925"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2050 "ref">[35925] Iª-IIae q. 57 a. 6 arg. 4</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2051 Tullius ponit, in sua rhetorica, tres alias partes prudentiae,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2052 scilicet memoriam praeteritorum, intelligentiam praesentium, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2053 providentiam futurorum. Macrobius etiam ponit, super somnium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2054 Scipionis, quasdam alias partes prudentiae, scilicet cautionem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2055 docilitatem, et alia huiusmodi. Non videntur igitur solae huiusmodi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2056 virtutes prudentiae adiungi.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2057 <p title="I-II q. 57 a. 6 s. c."><a name="35926"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2058 "ref">[35926] Iª-IIae q. 57 a. 6 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2059 est auctoritas philosophi, in VI Ethic., qui has tres virtutes
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2060 ponit prudentiae adiunctas.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2061 <p title="I-II q. 57 a. 6 co."><a name="35927"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2062 "ref">[35927] Iª-IIae q. 57 a. 6 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2063 dicendum quod in omnibus potentiis ordinatis illa est principalior,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2064 quae ad principaliorem actum ordinatur. Circa agibilia autem humana
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2065 tres actus rationis inveniuntur, quorum primus est consiliari,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2066 secundus iudicare, tertius est praecipere. Primi autem duo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2067 respondent actibus intellectus speculativi qui sunt inquirere et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2068 iudicare, nam consilium inquisitio quaedam est. Sed tertius actus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2069 proprius est practici intellectus, inquantum est operativus, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2070 enim ratio habet praecipere ea quae per hominem fieri non possunt.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2071 Manifestum est autem quod in his quae per hominem fiunt,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2072 principalis actus est praecipere, ad quem alii ordinantur. Et ideo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2073 virtuti quae est bene praeceptiva, scilicet prudentiae, tanquam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2074 principaliori, adiunguntur tanquam secundariae, eubulia, quae est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2075 bene consiliativa, et synesis et gnome, quae sunt partes
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2076 iudicativae; de quarum distinctione dicetur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2077 <p title="I-II q. 57 a. 6 ad 1"><a name="35928"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2078 "ref">[35928] Iª-IIae q. 57 a. 6 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2079 ergo dicendum quod prudentia est bene consiliativa, non quasi bene
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2080 consiliari sit immediate actus eius, sed quia hunc actum perficit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2081 mediante virtute sibi subiecta, quae est eubulia.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2082 <p title="I-II q. 57 a. 6 ad 2"><a name="35929"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2083 "ref">[35929] Iª-IIae q. 57 a. 6 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2084 dicendum quod iudicium in agendis ad aliquid ulterius ordinatur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2085 contingit enim aliquem bene iudicare de aliquo agendo, et tamen non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2086 recte exequi. Sed ultimum complementum est, quando ratio iam bene
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2087 praecipit de agendis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2088 <p title="I-II q. 57 a. 6 ad 3"><a name="35930"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2089 "ref">[35930] Iª-IIae q. 57 a. 6 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2090 dicendum quod iudicium de unaquaque re fit per propria principia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2091 eius. Inquisitio autem nondum est per propria principia, quia his
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2092 habitis, non esset opus inquisitione, sed iam res esset inventa. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2093 ideo una sola virtus ordinatur ad bene consiliandum, duae autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2094 virtutes ad bene iudicandum, quia distinctio non est in communibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2095 principiis, sed in propriis. Unde et in speculativis una est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2096 dialectica inquisitiva de omnibus, scientiae autem demonstrativae,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2097 quae sunt iudicativae, sunt diversae de diversis. Distinguuntur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2098 autem synesis et gnome secundum diversas regulas quibus iudicatur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2099 nam synesis est iudicativa de agendis secundum communem legem;
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2100 gnome autem secundum ipsam rationem naturalem, in his in quibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2101 deficit lex communis; sicut plenius infra patebit.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2102 <p title="I-II q. 57 a. 6 ad 4"><a name="35931"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2103 "ref">[35931] Iª-IIae q. 57 a. 6 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2104 dicendum quod memoria, intelligentia et providentia, similiter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2105 etiam cautio et docilitas, et alia huiusmodi, non sunt virtutes
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2106 diversae a prudentia, sed quodammodo comparantur ad ipsam sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2107 partes integrales, inquantum omnia ista requiruntur ad perfectionem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2108 prudentiae. Sunt etiam et quaedam partes subiectivae, seu species
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2109 prudentiae, sicut oeconomica, regnativa, et huiusmodi. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2110 praedicta tria sunt quasi partes potentiales prudentiae, quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2111 ordinantur sicut secundarium ad principale. Et de his infra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2112 dicetur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2113 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2114 <div class="D">Quaestio 58</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2115 <div class="G">Prooemium</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2116 <p title="I-II q. 58 pr."><a name="35932"><span class="ref">[35932]
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2117 Iª-IIae q. 58 pr.</span></a> Deinde considerandum est de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2118 virtutibus moralibus. Et primo, de distinctione earum a virtutibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2119 intellectualibus; secundo, de distinctione earum ab invicem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2120 secundum propriam materiam; tertio, de distinctione principalium,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2121 vel cardinalium, ab aliis. Circa primum quaeruntur quinque. Primo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2122 utrum omnis virtus sit virtus moralis. Secundo, utrum virtus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2123 moralis distinguatur ab intellectuali. Tertio, utrum sufficienter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2124 dividatur virtus per intellectualem et moralem. Quarto, utrum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2125 moralis virtus possit esse sine intellectuali. Quinto, utrum e
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2126 converso, intellectualis virtus possit esse sine morali.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2127 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2128 <div class="E">Articulus 1</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2129 <p title="I-II q. 58 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="35933"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2130 "ref">[35933] Iª-IIae q. 58 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2131 sic proceditur. Videtur quod omnis virtus sit moralis. Virtus enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2132 moralis dicitur a more, idest consuetudine. Sed omnium virtutum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2133 actus consuescere possumus. Ergo omnis virtus est moralis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2134 <p title="I-II q. 58 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="35934"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2135 "ref">[35934] Iª-IIae q. 58 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2136 philosophus dicit, in II Ethic., quod <i>virtus moralis est habitus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2137 electivus in medietate rationis consistens</i>. Sed omnis virtus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2138 videtur esse habitus electivus, quia actus cuiuslibet virtutis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2139 possumus ex electione facere. Omnis etiam virtus aliqualiter in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2140 medio rationis consistit, ut infra patebit. Ergo omnis virtus est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2141 moralis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2142 <p title="I-II q. 58 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="35935"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2143 "ref">[35935] Iª-IIae q. 58 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2144 Tullius dicit, in sua rhetorica, quod <i>virtus est habitus in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2145 modum naturae, rationi consentaneus</i>. Sed cum omnis virtus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2146 humana ordinetur ad bonum hominis, oportet quod sit consentanea
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2147 rationi, cum bonum hominis sit secundum rationem esse, ut Dionysius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2148 dicit. Ergo omnis virtus est moralis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2149 <p title="I-II q. 58 a. 1 s. c."><a name="35936"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2150 "ref">[35936] Iª-IIae q. 58 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2151 est quod philosophus dicit, in I Ethic., <i>dicentes de moribus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2152 non dicimus quoniam sapiens vel intelligens; sed quoniam mitis vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2153 sobrius</i>. Sic igitur sapientia et intellectus non sunt morales.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2154 Quae tamen sunt virtutes, sicut supra dictum est. Non ergo omnis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2155 virtus est moralis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2156 <p title="I-II q. 58 a. 1 co."><a name="35937"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2157 "ref">[35937] Iª-IIae q. 58 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2158 dicendum quod ad huius evidentiam, considerare oportet quid sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2159 mos, sic enim scire poterimus quid sit moralis virtus. Mos autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2160 duo significat. Quandoque enim significat consuetudinem, sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2161 dicitur Act. XV, <i>nisi circumcidamini secundum morem Moysi, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2162 poteritis salvi fieri</i>. Quandoque vero significat inclinationem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2163 quandam naturalem, vel quasi naturalem, ad aliquid agendum, unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2164 etiam et brutorum animalium dicuntur aliqui mores; unde dicitur II
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2165 Machab. XI, quod <i>leonum more irruentes in hostes, prostraverunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2166 eos</i>. Et sic accipitur mos in Psalmo LXVII, ubi dicitur, <i>qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2167 habitare facit unius moris in domo</i>. Et hae quidem duae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2168 significationes in nullo distinguuntur, apud Latinos, quantum ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2169 vocem. In Graeco autem distinguuntur, nam ethos, quod apud nos
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2170 morem significat, quandoque habet primam longam, et scribitur per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2171 eta, Graecam litteram; quandoque habet primam correptam, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2172 scribitur per epsilon. Dicitur autem virtus moralis a more,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2173 secundum quod mos significat quandam inclinationem naturalem, vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2174 quasi naturalem, ad aliquid agendum. Et huic significationi moris
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2175 propinqua est alia significatio, qua significat consuetudinem, nam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2176 consuetudo quodammodo vertitur in naturam, et facit inclinationem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2177 similem naturali. Manifestum est autem quod inclinatio ad actum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2178 proprie convenit appetitivae virtuti, cuius est movere omnes
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2179 potentias ad agendum, ut ex supradictis patet. Et ideo non omnis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2180 virtus dicitur moralis, sed solum illa quae est in vi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2181 appetitiva.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2182 <p title="I-II q. 58 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="35938"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2183 "ref">[35938] Iª-IIae q. 58 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2184 ergo dicendum quod obiectio illa procedit de more, secundum quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2185 significat consuetudinem.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2186 <p title="I-II q. 58 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="35939"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2187 "ref">[35939] Iª-IIae q. 58 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2188 dicendum quod omnis actus virtutis potest ex electione agi, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2189 electionem rectam agit sola virtus quae est in appetitiva parte
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2190 animae, dictum est enim supra quod eligere est actus appetitivae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2191 partis. Unde habitus electivus, qui scilicet est electionis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2192 principium, est solum ille qui perficit vim appetitivam, quamvis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2193 etiam aliorum habituum actus sub electione cadere possint.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2194 <p title="I-II q. 58 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="35940"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2195 "ref">[35940] Iª-IIae q. 58 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2196 dicendum quod natura est principium motus, sicut dicitur in II
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2197 Physic. Movere autem ad agendum proprium est appetitivae partis. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2198 ideo assimilari naturae in consentiendo rationi, est proprium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2199 virtutum quae sunt in vi appetitiva.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2200 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2201 <div class="E">Articulus 2</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2202 <p title="I-II q. 58 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="35941"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2203 "ref">[35941] Iª-IIae q. 58 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2204 sic proceditur. Videtur quod virtus moralis ab intellectuali non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2205 distinguatur. Dicit enim Augustinus, in libro de Civ. Dei, quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2206 <i>virtus est ars recte vivendi</i>. Sed ars est virtus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2207 intellectualis. Ergo virtus moralis ab intellectuali non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2208 differt.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2209 <p title="I-II q. 58 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="35942"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2210 "ref">[35942] Iª-IIae q. 58 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2211 plerique in definitione virtutum moralium ponunt scientiam, sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2212 quidam definiunt quod perseverantia est scientia vel habitus eorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2213 quibus est immanendum vel non immanendum; et sanctitas est scientia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2214 faciens fideles et servantes quae ad Deum iusta. Scientia autem est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2215 virtus intellectualis. Ergo virtus moralis non debet distingui ab
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2216 intellectuali.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2217 <p title="I-II q. 58 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="35943"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2218 "ref">[35943] Iª-IIae q. 58 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2219 Augustinus dicit, in I Soliloq., quod <i>virtus est recta et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2220 perfecta ratio</i>. Sed hoc pertinet ad virtutem intellectualem, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2221 patet in VI Ethic. ergo virtus moralis non est distincta ab
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2222 intellectuali.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2223 <p title="I-II q. 58 a. 2 arg. 4"><a name="35944"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2224 "ref">[35944] Iª-IIae q. 58 a. 2 arg. 4</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2225 nihil distinguitur ab eo quod in eius definitione ponitur. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2226 virtus intellectualis ponitur in definitione virtutis moralis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2227 dicit enim philosophus, in II Ethic., quod <i>virtus moralis est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2228 habitus electivus existens in medietate determinata ratione, prout
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2229 sapiens determinabit</i>. Huiusmodi autem recta ratio determinans
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2230 medium virtutis moralis, pertinet ad virtutem intellectualem, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2231 dicitur in VI Ethic. Ergo virtus moralis non distinguitur ab
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2232 intellectuali.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2233 <p title="I-II q. 58 a. 2 s. c."><a name="35945"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2234 "ref">[35945] Iª-IIae q. 58 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2235 est quod dicitur in I Ethic., <i>determinatur virtus secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2236 differentiam hanc, dicimus enim harum has quidem intellectuales,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2237 has vero morales</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2238 <p title="I-II q. 58 a. 2 co."><a name="35946"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2239 "ref">[35946] Iª-IIae q. 58 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2240 dicendum quod omnium humanorum operum principium primum ratio est,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2241 et quaecumque alia principia humanorum operum inveniantur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2242 quodammodo rationi obediunt; diversimode tamen. Nam quaedam rationi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2243 obediunt omnino ad nutum, absque omni contradictione, sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2244 corporis membra, si fuerint in sua natura consistentia; statim enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2245 ad imperium rationis, manus aut pes movetur ad opus. Unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2246 philosophus dicit, in I Polit., quod anima regit corpus despotico
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2247 principatu, idest sicut dominus servum, qui ius contradicendi non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2248 habet. Posuerunt igitur quidam quod omnia principia activa quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2249 sunt in homine, hoc modo se habent ad rationem. Quod quidem si
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2250 verum esset, sufficeret quod ratio esset perfecta, ad bene agendum.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2251 Unde, cum virtus sit habitus quo perficimur ad bene agendum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2252 sequeretur quod in sola ratione esset, et sic nulla virtus esset
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2253 nisi intellectualis. Et haec fuit opinio Socratis, qui dixit omnes
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2254 virtutes esse prudentias, ut dicitur in VI Ethic. Unde ponebat quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2255 homo, scientia in eo existente, peccare non poterat; sed quicumque
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2256 peccabat, peccabat propter ignorantiam. Hoc autem procedit ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2257 suppositione falsi. Pars enim appetitiva obedit rationi non omnino
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2258 ad nutum, sed cum aliqua contradictione, unde philosophus dicit, in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2259 I Polit., quod ratio imperat appetitivae principatu politico, quo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2260 scilicet aliquis praeest liberis, qui habent ius in aliquo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2261 contradicendi. Unde Augustinus dicit, super Psalm., quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2262 <i>interdum praecedit intellectus, et sequitur tardus aut nullus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2263 affectus</i>, intantum quod quandoque passionibus vel habitibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2264 appetitivae partis hoc agitur, ut usus rationis in particulari
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2265 impediatur. Et secundum hoc, aliqualiter verum est quod Socrates
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2266 dixit, quod scientia praesente, non peccatur, si tamen hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2267 extendatur usque ad usum rationis in particulari eligibili. Sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2268 igitur ad hoc quod homo bene agat, requiritur quod non solum ratio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2269 sit bene disposita per habitum virtutis intellectualis; sed etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2270 quod vis appetitiva sit bene disposita per habitum virtutis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2271 moralis. Sicut igitur appetitus distinguitur a ratione, ita virtus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2272 moralis distinguitur ab intellectuali. Unde sicut appetitus est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2273 principium humani actus secundum quod participat aliqualiter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2274 rationem, ita habitus moralis habet rationem virtutis humanae,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2275 inquantum rationi conformatur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2276 <p title="I-II q. 58 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="35947"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2277 "ref">[35947] Iª-IIae q. 58 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2278 ergo dicendum quod Augustinus communiter accipit artem, pro
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2279 qualibet recta ratione. Et sic sub arte includitur etiam prudentia,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2280 quae ita est recta ratio agibilium, sicut ars est recta ratio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2281 factibilium. Et secundum hoc, quod dicit quod virtus est ars recte
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2282 vivendi, essentialiter convenit prudentiae, participative autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2283 aliis virtutibus, prout secundum prudentiam diriguntur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2284 <p title="I-II q. 58 a. 2 ad 2"><a name="35948"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2285 "ref">[35948] Iª-IIae q. 58 a. 2 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2286 dicendum quod tales definitiones, a quibuscumque inveniantur datae,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2287 processerunt ex opinione Socratica, et sunt exponendae eo modo quo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2288 de arte praedictum est.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2289 <p title="I-II q. 58 a. 2 ad 3"><a name="35949"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2290 "ref">[35949] Iª-IIae q. 58 a. 2 ad 3</span></a> Et similiter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2291 dicendum est ad tertium.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2292 <p title="I-II q. 58 a. 2 ad 4"><a name="35950"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2293 "ref">[35950] Iª-IIae q. 58 a. 2 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2294 dicendum quod recta ratio, quae est secundum prudentiam, ponitur in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2295 definitione virtutis moralis, non tanquam pars essentiae eius, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2296 sicut quiddam participatum in omnibus virtutibus moralibus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2297 inquantum prudentia dirigit omnes virtutes morales.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2298 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2299 <div class="E">Articulus 3</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2300 <p title="I-II q. 58 a. 3 arg. 1"><a name="35951"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2301 "ref">[35951] Iª-IIae q. 58 a. 3 arg. 1</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2302 sic proceditur. Videtur quod virtus humana non sufficienter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2303 dividatur per virtutem moralem et intellectualem. Prudentia enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2304 videtur esse aliquid medium inter virtutem moralem et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2305 intellectualem, connumeratur enim virtutibus intellectualibus in VI
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2306 Ethic.; et etiam ab omnibus communiter connumeratur inter quatuor
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2307 virtutes cardinales, quae sunt morales, ut infra patebit. Non ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2308 sufficienter dividitur virtus per intellectualem et moralem, sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2309 per immediata.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2310 <p title="I-II q. 58 a. 3 arg. 2"><a name="35952"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2311 "ref">[35952] Iª-IIae q. 58 a. 3 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2312 continentia et perseverantia, et etiam patientia, non computantur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2313 inter virtutes intellectuales. Nec etiam sunt virtutes morales,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2314 quia non tenent medium in passionibus, sed abundant in eis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2315 passiones. Non ergo sufficienter dividitur virtus per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2316 intellectuales et morales.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2317 <p title="I-II q. 58 a. 3 arg. 3"><a name="35953"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2318 "ref">[35953] Iª-IIae q. 58 a. 3 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2319 fides, spes et caritas quaedam virtutes sunt. Non tamen sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2320 virtutes intellectuales, hae enim solum sunt quinque, scilicet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2321 scientia, sapientia, intellectus, prudentia et ars, ut dictum est.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2322 Nec etiam sunt virtutes morales, quia non sunt circa passiones,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2323 circa quas maxime est moralis virtus. Ergo virtus non sufficienter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2324 dividitur per intellectuales et morales.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2325 <p title="I-II q. 58 a. 3 s. c."><a name="35954"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2326 "ref">[35954] Iª-IIae q. 58 a. 3 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2327 est quod philosophus dicit, in II Ethic., <i>duplicem esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2328 virtutem, hanc quidem intellectualem, illam autem moralem</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2329 <p title="I-II q. 58 a. 3 co."><a name="35955"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2330 "ref">[35955] Iª-IIae q. 58 a. 3 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2331 dicendum quod virtus humana est quidam habitus perficiens hominem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2332 ad bene operandum. Principium autem humanorum actuum in homine non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2333 est nisi duplex, scilicet intellectus sive ratio, et appetitus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2334 haec enim sunt duo moventia in homine, ut dicitur in III de anima.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2335 Unde omnis virtus humana oportet quod sit perfectiva alicuius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2336 istorum principiorum. Si quidem igitur sit perfectiva intellectus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2337 speculativi vel practici ad bonum hominis actum, erit virtus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2338 intellectualis, si autem sit perfectiva appetitivae partis, erit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2339 virtus moralis. Unde relinquitur quod omnis virtus humana vel est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2340 intellectualis vel moralis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2341 <p title="I-II q. 58 a. 3 ad 1"><a name="35956"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2342 "ref">[35956] Iª-IIae q. 58 a. 3 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2343 ergo dicendum quod prudentia, secundum essentiam suam, est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2344 intellectualis virtus. Sed secundum materiam, convenit cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2345 virtutibus moralibus, est enim recta ratio agibilium, ut supra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2346 dictum est. Et secundum hoc, virtutibus moralibus connumeratur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2347 <p title="I-II q. 58 a. 3 ad 2"><a name="35957"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2348 "ref">[35957] Iª-IIae q. 58 a. 3 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2349 dicendum quod continentia et perseverantia non sunt perfectiones
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2350 appetitivae virtutis sensitivae. Quod ex hoc patet, quod in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2351 continente et perseverante superabundant inordinatae passiones,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2352 quod non esset, si appetitus sensitivus esset perfectus aliquo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2353 habitu conformante ipsum rationi. Est autem continentia, seu
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2354 perseverantia, perfectio rationalis partis, quae se tenet contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2355 passiones ne deducatur. Deficit tamen a ratione virtutis, quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2356 virtus intellectiva quae facit rationem se bene habere circa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2357 moralia, praesupponit appetitum rectum finis, ut recte se habeat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2358 circa principia, idest fines, ex quibus ratiocinatur; quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2359 continenti et perseveranti deest. Neque etiam potest esse perfecta
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2360 operatio quae a duabus potentiis procedit, nisi utraque potentia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2361 perficiatur per debitum habitum, sicut non sequitur perfecta actio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2362 alicuius agentis per instrumentum, si instrumentum non sit bene
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2363 dispositum, quantumcumque principale agens sit perfectum. Unde si
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2364 appetitus sensitivus, quem movet rationalis pars, non sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2365 perfectus; quantumcumque rationalis pars sit perfecta, actio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2366 consequens non erit perfecta. Unde nec principium actionis erit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2367 virtus. Et propter hoc, continentia a delectationibus, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2368 perseverantia a tristitiis, non sunt virtutes, sed aliquid minus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2369 virtute, ut philosophus dicit, in VII Ethic.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2370 <p title="I-II q. 58 a. 3 ad 3"><a name="35958"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2371 "ref">[35958] Iª-IIae q. 58 a. 3 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2372 dicendum quod fides, spes et caritas sunt supra virtutes humanas,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2373 sunt enim virtutes hominis prout est factus particeps divinae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2374 gratiae.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2375 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2376 <div class="E">Articulus 4</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2377 <p title="I-II q. 58 a. 4 arg. 1"><a name="35959"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2378 "ref">[35959] Iª-IIae q. 58 a. 4 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quartum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2379 sic proceditur. Videtur quod virtus moralis possit esse sine
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2380 intellectuali. <i>Virtus enim moralis</i>, ut dicit Tullius, <i>est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2381 habitus in modum naturae, rationi consentaneus</i>. Sed natura etsi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2382 consentiat alicui superiori rationi moventi, non tamen oportet quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2383 illa ratio naturae coniungatur in eodem, sicut patet in rebus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2384 naturalibus cognitione carentibus. Ergo potest esse in homine
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2385 virtus moralis in modum naturae, inclinans ad consentiendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2386 rationi, quamvis illius hominis ratio non sit perfecta per virtutem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2387 intellectualem.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2388 <p title="I-II q. 58 a. 4 arg. 2"><a name="35960"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2389 "ref">[35960] Iª-IIae q. 58 a. 4 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2390 per virtutem intellectualem homo consequitur rationis usum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2391 perfectum. Sed quandoque contingit quod aliqui in quibus non multum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2392 viget usus rationis, sunt virtuosi et Deo accepti. Ergo videtur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2393 quod virtus moralis possit esse sine virtute intellectuali.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2394 <p title="I-II q. 58 a. 4 arg. 3"><a name="35961"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2395 "ref">[35961] Iª-IIae q. 58 a. 4 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2396 virtus moralis facit inclinationem ad bene operandum. Sed quidam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2397 habent naturalem inclinationem ad bene operandum, etiam absque
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2398 rationis iudicio. Ergo virtutes morales possunt esse sine
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2399 intellectuali.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2400 <p title="I-II q. 58 a. 4 s. c."><a name="35962"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2401 "ref">[35962] Iª-IIae q. 58 a. 4 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2402 est quod Gregorius dicit, in XXII Moral., quod <i>ceterae virtutes,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2403 nisi ea quae appetunt, prudenter agant, virtutes esse nequaquam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2404 possunt</i>. Sed prudentia est virtus intellectualis, ut supra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2405 dictum est. Ergo virtutes morales non possunt esse sine
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2406 intellectualibus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2407 <p title="I-II q. 58 a. 4 co."><a name="35963"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2408 "ref">[35963] Iª-IIae q. 58 a. 4 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2409 dicendum quod virtus moralis potest quidem esse sine quibusdam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2410 intellectualibus virtutibus, sicut sine sapientia, scientia et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2411 arte, non autem potest esse sine intellectu et prudentia. Sine
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2412 prudentia quidem esse non potest moralis virtus, quia moralis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2413 virtus est habitus electivus, idest faciens bonam electionem. Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2414 hoc autem quod electio sit bona, duo requiruntur. Primo, ut sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2415 debita intentio finis, et hoc fit per virtutem moralem, quae vim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2416 appetitivam inclinat ad bonum conveniens rationi, quod est finis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2417 debitus. Secundo, ut homo recte accipiat ea quae sunt ad finem, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2418 hoc non potest esse nisi per rationem recte consiliantem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2419 iudicantem et praecipientem; quod pertinet ad prudentiam et ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2420 virtutes sibi annexas, ut supra dictum est. Unde virtus moralis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2421 sine prudentia esse non potest. Et per consequens nec sine
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2422 intellectu. Per intellectum enim cognoscuntur principia naturaliter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2423 nota, tam in speculativis quam in operativis. Unde sicut recta
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2424 ratio in speculativis, inquantum procedit ex principiis naturaliter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2425 cognitis, praesupponit intellectum principiorum; ita etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2426 prudentia, quae est recta ratio agibilium.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2427 <p title="I-II q. 58 a. 4 ad 1"><a name="35964"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2428 "ref">[35964] Iª-IIae q. 58 a. 4 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2429 ergo dicendum quod inclinatio naturae in rebus carentibus ratione,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2430 est absque electione, et ideo talis inclinatio non requirit ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2431 necessitate rationem. Sed inclinatio virtutis moralis est cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2432 electione, et ideo ad suam perfectionem indiget quod sit ratio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2433 perfecta per virtutem intellectualem.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2434 <p title="I-II q. 58 a. 4 ad 2"><a name="35965"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2435 "ref">[35965] Iª-IIae q. 58 a. 4 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2436 dicendum quod in virtuoso non oportet quod vigeat usus rationis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2437 quantum ad omnia, sed solum quantum ad ea quae sunt agenda secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2438 virtutem. Et sic usus rationis viget in omnibus virtuosis. Unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2439 etiam qui videntur simplices, eo quod carent mundana astutia,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2440 possunt esse prudentes; secundum illud Matth. X, <i>estote
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2441 prudentes sicut serpentes, et simplices sicut columbae</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2442 <p title="I-II q. 58 a. 4 ad 3"><a name="35966"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2443 "ref">[35966] Iª-IIae q. 58 a. 4 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2444 dicendum quod naturalis inclinatio ad bonum virtutis, est quaedam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2445 inchoatio virtutis, non autem est virtus perfecta. Huiusmodi enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2446 inclinatio, quanto est fortior, tanto potest esse periculosior,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2447 nisi recta ratio adiungatur, per quam fiat recta electio eorum quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2448 conveniunt ad debitum finem, sicut equus currens, si sit caecus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2449 tanto fortius impingit et laeditur, quanto fortius currit. Et ideo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2450 etsi virtus moralis non sit ratio recta, ut Socrates dicebat; non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2451 tamen solum est secundum rationem rectam, inquantum inclinat ad id
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2452 quod est secundum rationem rectam, ut Platonici posuerunt; sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2453 etiam oportet quod sit cum ratione recta, ut Aristoteles dicit, in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2454 VI Ethic.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2455 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2456 <div class="E">Articulus 5</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2457 <p title="I-II q. 58 a. 5 arg. 1"><a name="35967"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2458 "ref">[35967] Iª-IIae q. 58 a. 5 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quintum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2459 sic proceditur. Videtur quod virtus intellectualis possit esse sine
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2460 virtute morali. Perfectio enim prioris non dependet a perfectione
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2461 posterioris. Sed ratio est prior appetitu sensitivo, et movens
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2462 ipsum. Ergo virtus intellectualis quae est perfectio rationis, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2463 dependet a virtute morali, quae est perfectio appetitivae partis.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2464 Potest ergo esse sine ea.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2465 <p title="I-II q. 58 a. 5 arg. 2"><a name="35968"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2466 "ref">[35968] Iª-IIae q. 58 a. 5 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2467 moralia sunt materia prudentiae, sicut factibilia sunt materia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2468 artis. Sed ars potest esse sine propria materia, sicut faber sine
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2469 ferro. Ergo et prudentia potest esse sine virtutibus moralibus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2470 quae tamen inter omnes intellectuales virtutes, maxime moralibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2471 coniuncta videtur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2472 <p title="I-II q. 58 a. 5 arg. 3"><a name="35969"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2473 "ref">[35969] Iª-IIae q. 58 a. 5 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2474 prudentia est virtus bene consiliativa, ut dicitur in VI Ethic. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2475 multi bene consiliantur, quibus tamen virtutes morales desunt. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2476 prudentia potest esse sine virtute morali.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2477 <p title="I-II q. 58 a. 5 s. c."><a name="35970"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2478 "ref">[35970] Iª-IIae q. 58 a. 5 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2479 velle malum facere opponitur directe virtuti morali; non autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2480 opponitur alicui quod sine virtute morali esse potest. Opponitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2481 autem prudentiae quod volens peccet, ut dicitur in VI Ethic. Non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2482 ergo prudentia potest esse sine virtute morali.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2483 <p title="I-II q. 58 a. 5 co."><a name="35971"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2484 "ref">[35971] Iª-IIae q. 58 a. 5 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2485 dicendum quod aliae virtutes intellectuales sine virtute morali
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2486 esse possunt, sed prudentia sine virtute morali esse non potest.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2487 Cuius ratio est, quia prudentia est recta ratio agibilium; non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2488 autem solum in universali, sed etiam in particulari, in quibus sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2489 actiones. Recta autem ratio praeexigit principia ex quibus ratio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2490 procedit. Oportet autem rationem circa particularia procedere non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2491 solum ex principiis universalibus, sed etiam ex principiis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2492 particularibus. Circa principia quidem universalia agibilium, homo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2493 recte se habet per naturalem intellectum principiorum, per quem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2494 homo cognoscit quod nullum malum est agendum; vel etiam per aliquam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2495 scientiam practicam. Sed hoc non sufficit ad recte ratiocinandum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2496 circa particularia. Contingit enim quandoque quod huiusmodi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2497 universale principium cognitum per intellectum vel scientiam,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2498 corrumpitur in particulari per aliquam passionem, sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2499 concupiscenti, quando concupiscentia vincit, videtur hoc esse bonum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2500 quod concupiscit, licet sit contra universale iudicium rationis. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2501 ideo, sicut homo disponitur ad recte se habendum circa principia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2502 universalia, per intellectum naturalem vel per habitum scientiae;
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2503 ita ad hoc quod recte se habeat circa principia particularia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2504 agibilium, quae sunt fines, oportet quod perficiatur per aliquos
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2505 habitus secundum quos fiat quodammodo homini connaturale recte
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2506 iudicare de fine. Et hoc fit per virtutem moralem, virtuosus enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2507 recte iudicat de fine virtutis, <i>quia qualis unusquisque est,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2508 talis finis videtur ei</i>, ut dicitur in III Ethic. Et ideo ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2509 rectam rationem agibilium, quae est prudentia, requiritur quod homo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2510 habeat virtutem moralem.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2511 <p title="I-II q. 58 a. 5 ad 1"><a name="35972"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2512 "ref">[35972] Iª-IIae q. 58 a. 5 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2513 ergo dicendum quod ratio, secundum quod est apprehensiva finis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2514 praecedit appetitum finis, sed appetitus finis praecedit rationem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2515 ratiocinantem ad eligendum ea quae sunt ad finem, quod pertinet ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2516 prudentiam. Sicut etiam in speculativis, intellectus principiorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2517 est principium rationis syllogizantis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2518 <p title="I-II q. 58 a. 5 ad 2"><a name="35973"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2519 "ref">[35973] Iª-IIae q. 58 a. 5 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2520 dicendum quod principia artificialium non diiudicantur a nobis bene
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2521 vel male secundum dispositionem appetitus nostri, sicut fines, qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2522 sunt moralium principia, sed solum per considerationem rationis. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2523 ideo ars non requirit virtutem perficientem appetitum, sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2524 requirit prudentia.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2525 <p title="I-II q. 58 a. 5 ad 3"><a name="35974"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2526 "ref">[35974] Iª-IIae q. 58 a. 5 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2527 dicendum quod prudentia non solum est bene consiliativa, sed etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2528 bene iudicativa et bene praeceptiva. Quod esse non potest, nisi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2529 removeatur impedimentum passionum corrumpentium iudicium et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2530 praeceptum prudentiae; et hoc per virtutem moralem.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2531 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2532 <div class="D">Quaestio 59</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2533 <div class="G">Prooemium</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2534 <p title="I-II q. 59 pr."><a name="35975"><span class="ref">[35975]
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2535 Iª-IIae q. 59 pr.</span></a> Deinde considerandum est de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2536 distinctione moralium virtutum ad invicem. Et quia virtutes morales
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2537 quae sunt circa passiones, distinguuntur secundum diversitatem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2538 passionum, oportet primo considerare comparationem virtutis ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2539 passionem; secundo, distinctionem moralium virtutum secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2540 passiones. Circa primum quaeruntur quinque. Primo, utrum virtus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2541 moralis sit passio. Secundo, utrum virtus moralis possit esse cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2542 passione. Tertio, utrum possit esse cum tristitia. Quarto, utrum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2543 omnis virtus moralis sit circa passionem. Quinto, utrum aliqua
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2544 virtus moralis possit esse sine passione.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2545 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2546 <div class="E">Articulus 1</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2547 <p title="I-II q. 59 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="35976"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2548 "ref">[35976] Iª-IIae q. 59 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2549 sic proceditur. Videtur quod virtus moralis sit passio. Medium enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2550 est eiusdem generis cum extremis. Sed virtus moralis est medium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2551 inter passiones. Ergo virtus moralis est passio.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2552 <p title="I-II q. 59 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="35977"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2553 "ref">[35977] Iª-IIae q. 59 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2554 virtus et vitium, cum sint contraria, sunt in eodem genere. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2555 quaedam passiones vitia esse dicuntur, ut invidia et ira. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2556 etiam quaedam passiones sunt virtutes.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2557 <p title="I-II q. 59 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="35978"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2558 "ref">[35978] Iª-IIae q. 59 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2559 misericordia quaedam passio est, est enim tristitia de alienis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2560 malis, ut supra dictum est. <i>Hanc autem Cicero, locutor egregius,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2561 non dubitavit appellare virtutem</i>; ut Augustinus dicit, in IX de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2562 Civ. Dei. Ergo passio potest esse virtus moralis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2563 <p title="I-II q. 59 a. 1 s. c."><a name="35979"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2564 "ref">[35979] Iª-IIae q. 59 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2565 est quod dicitur in II Ethic., quod <i>passiones neque virtutes
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2566 sunt neque malitiae</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2567 <p title="I-II q. 59 a. 1 co."><a name="35980"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2568 "ref">[35980] Iª-IIae q. 59 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2569 dicendum quod virtus moralis non potest esse passio. Et hoc patet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2570 triplici ratione. Primo quidem, quia passio est motus quidam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2571 appetitus sensitivi, ut supra dictum est. Virtus autem moralis non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2572 est motus aliquis, sed magis principium appetitivi motus, habitus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2573 quidam existens. Secundo quia passiones ex seipsis non habent
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2574 rationem boni vel mali. Bonum enim vel malum hominis est secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2575 rationem, unde passiones, secundum se consideratae, se habent et ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2576 bonum et ad malum, secundum quod possunt convenire rationi vel non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2577 convenire. Nihil autem tale potest esse virtus, cum virtus solum ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2578 bonum se habeat, ut supra dictum est. Tertio quia, dato quod aliqua
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2579 passio se habeat solum ad bonum, vel solum ad malum, secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2580 aliquem modum; tamen motus passionis, inquantum passio est,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2581 principium habet in ipso appetitu, et terminum in ratione, in cuius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2582 conformitatem appetitus tendit. Motus autem virtutis est e
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2583 converso, principium habens in ratione et terminum in appetitu,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2584 secundum quod a ratione movetur. Unde in definitione virtutis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2585 moralis dicitur, in II Ethic., <i>quod est habitus electivus in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2586 medietate consistens determinata ratione, prout sapiens
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2587 determinabit</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2588 <p title="I-II q. 59 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="35981"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2589 "ref">[35981] Iª-IIae q. 59 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2590 ergo dicendum quod virtus, secundum suam essentiam, non est medium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2591 inter passiones, sed secundum suum effectum, quia scilicet inter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2592 passiones medium constituit.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2593 <p title="I-II q. 59 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="35982"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2594 "ref">[35982] Iª-IIae q. 59 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2595 dicendum quod, si vitium dicatur habitus secundum quem quis male
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2596 operatur, manifestum est quod nulla passio est vitium. Si vero
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2597 dicatur vitium peccatum, quod est actus vitiosus, sic nihil
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2598 prohibet passionem esse vitium, et e contrario concurrere ad actum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2599 virtutis; secundum quod passio vel contrariatur rationi, vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2600 sequitur actum rationis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2601 <p title="I-II q. 59 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="35983"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2602 "ref">[35983] Iª-IIae q. 59 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2603 dicendum quod misericordia dicitur esse virtus, idest virtutis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2604 actus, secundum quod <i>motus ille animi rationi servit, quando
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2605 scilicet ita praebetur misericordia, ut iustitia conservetur, sive
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2606 cum indigenti tribuitur, sive cum ignoscitur poenitenti</i>, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2607 Augustinus dicit ibidem. Si tamen misericordia dicatur aliquis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2608 habitus quo homo perficitur ad rationabiliter miserendum, nihil
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2609 prohibet misericordiam sic dictam esse virtutem. Et eadem est ratio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2610 de similibus passionibus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2611 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2612 <div class="E">Articulus 2</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2613 <p title="I-II q. 59 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="35984"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2614 "ref">[35984] Iª-IIae q. 59 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2615 sic proceditur. Videtur quod virtus moralis cum passione esse non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2616 possit. Dicit enim philosophus, in IV Topic., quod <i>mitis est qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2617 non patitur, patiens autem qui patitur et non deducitur</i>. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2618 eadem ratio est de omnibus virtutibus moralibus. Ergo omnis virtus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2619 moralis est sine passione.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2620 <p title="I-II q. 59 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="35985"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2621 "ref">[35985] Iª-IIae q. 59 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2622 virtus est quaedam recta habitudo animae, sicut sanitas corporis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2623 ut dicitur in VII Physic., unde virtus quaedam sanitas animae esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2624 videtur, ut Tullius dicit, in IV de Tuscul. quaest. Passiones autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2625 animae dicuntur morbi quidam animae, ut in eodem libro Tullius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2626 dicit. Sanitas autem non compatitur secum morbum. Ergo neque virtus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2627 compatitur animae passionem.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2628 <p title="I-II q. 59 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="35986"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2629 "ref">[35986] Iª-IIae q. 59 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2630 virtus moralis requirit perfectum usum rationis etiam in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2631 particularibus. Sed hoc impeditur per passiones, dicit enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2632 philosophus, in VI Ethic., quod <i>delectationes corrumpunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2633 existimationem prudentiae</i>; et Sallustius dicit, in Catilinario,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2634 quod non facile verum perspicit animus, ubi illa officiunt,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2635 scilicet animi passiones. Virtus ergo moralis non potest esse cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2636 passione.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2637 <p title="I-II q. 59 a. 2 s. c."><a name="35987"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2638 "ref">[35987] Iª-IIae q. 59 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2639 est quod Augustinus dicit, in XIV de Civ. Dei, <i>si perversa est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2640 voluntas, perversos habebit hos motus</i>, scilicet passionum, si
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2641 autem recta est, <i>non solum inculpabiles, verum etiam laudabiles
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2642 erunt</i>. Sed nullum laudabile excluditur per virtutem moralem.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2643 Virtus ergo moralis non excludit passiones, sed potest esse cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2644 ipsis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2645 <p title="I-II q. 59 a. 2 co."><a name="35988"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2646 "ref">[35988] Iª-IIae q. 59 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2647 dicendum quod circa hoc fuit discordia inter Stoicos et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2648 Peripateticos, sicut Augustinus dicit, IX de Civ. Dei. Stoici enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2649 posuerunt quod passiones animae non possunt esse in sapiente, sive
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2650 virtuoso, Peripatetici vero, quorum sectam Aristoteles instituit,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2651 ut Augustinus dicit in IX de Civ. Dei, posuerunt quod passiones
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2652 simul cum virtute morali esse possunt, sed ad medium reductae. Haec
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2653 autem diversitas, sicut Augustinus ibidem dicit, magis erat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2654 secundum verba, quam secundum eorum sententias. Quia enim Stoici
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2655 non distinguebant inter appetitum intellectivum, qui est voluntas,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2656 et inter appetitum sensitivum, qui per irascibilem et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2657 concupiscibilem dividitur; non distinguebant in hoc passiones
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2658 animae ab aliis affectionibus humanis, quod passiones animae sint
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2659 motus appetitus sensitivi, aliae vero affectiones, quae non sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2660 passiones animae, sunt motus appetitus intellectivi, qui dicitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2661 voluntas, sicut Peripatetici distinxerunt, sed solum quantum ad hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2662 quod passiones esse dicebant quascumque affectiones rationi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2663 repugnantes. Quae si ex deliberatione oriantur, in sapiente, seu in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2664 virtuoso, esse non possunt. Si autem subito oriantur, hoc in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2665 virtuoso potest accidere, <i>eo quod animi visa quae appellant
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2666 phantasias, non est in potestate nostra utrum aliquando incidant
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2667 animo; et cum veniunt ex terribilibus rebus, necesse est ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2668 sapientis animum moveant, ita ut paulisper vel pavescat metu, vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2669 tristitia contrahatur, tanquam his passionibus praevenientibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2670 rationis officium; nec tamen approbant ista, eisque
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2671 consentiunt</i>; ut Augustinus narrat in IX de Civ. Dei, ab Agellio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2672 dictum. Sic igitur, si passiones dicantur inordinatae affectiones,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2673 non possunt esse in virtuoso, ita quod post deliberationem eis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2674 consentiatur; ut Stoici posuerunt. Si vero passiones dicantur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2675 quicumque motus appetitus sensitivi, sic possunt esse in virtuoso,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2676 secundum quod sunt a ratione ordinati. Unde Aristoteles dicit, in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2677 II Ethic., quod <i>non bene quidam determinant virtutes
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2678 impassibilitates quasdam et quietes, quoniam simpliciter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2679 dicunt</i>, sed deberent dicere quod sunt quietes a passionibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2680 quae sunt ut non oportet, et quando non oportet.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2681 <p title="I-II q. 59 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="35989"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2682 "ref">[35989] Iª-IIae q. 59 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2683 ergo dicendum quod philosophus exemplum illud inducit, sicut et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2684 multa alia in libris logicalibus, non secundum opinionem propriam,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2685 sed secundum opinionem aliorum. Haec autem fuit opinio Stoicorum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2686 quod virtutes essent sine passionibus animae. Quam opinionem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2687 philosophus excludit in II Ethic., dicens virtutes non esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2688 impassibilitates. Potest tamen dici quod, cum dicitur quod mitis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2689 non patitur, intelligendum est secundum passionem inordinatam.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2690 <p title="I-II q. 59 a. 2 ad 2"><a name="35990"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2691 "ref">[35990] Iª-IIae q. 59 a. 2 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2692 dicendum quod ratio illa, et omnes similes quas Tullius ad hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2693 inducit in IV libro de Tuscul. quaest., procedit de passionibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2694 secundum quod significant inordinatas affectiones.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2695 <p title="I-II q. 59 a. 2 ad 3"><a name="35991"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2696 "ref">[35991] Iª-IIae q. 59 a. 2 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2697 dicendum quod passio praeveniens iudicium rationis, si in animo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2698 praevaleat ut ei consentiatur, impedit consilium et iudicium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2699 rationis. Si vero sequatur, quasi ex ratione imperata, adiuvat ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2700 exequendum imperium rationis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2701 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2702 <div class="E">Articulus 3</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2703 <p title="I-II q. 59 a. 3 arg. 1"><a name="35992"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2704 "ref">[35992] Iª-IIae q. 59 a. 3 arg. 1</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2705 sic proceditur. Videtur quod virtus cum tristitia esse non possit.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2706 Virtutes enim sunt sapientiae effectus, secundum illud Sap. VIII,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2707 sobrietatem et iustitiam docet, scilicet divina sapientia,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2708 prudentiam et virtutem. Sed sapientiae convictus non habet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2709 amaritudinem, ut postea subditur. Ergo nec virtutes cum tristitia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2710 esse possunt.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2711 <p title="I-II q. 59 a. 3 arg. 2"><a name="35993"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2712 "ref">[35993] Iª-IIae q. 59 a. 3 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2713 tristitia est impedimentum operationis; ut patet per philosophum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2714 in VII et X Ethic. Sed impedimentum bonae operationis repugnat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2715 virtuti. Ergo tristitia repugnat virtuti.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2716 <p title="I-II q. 59 a. 3 arg. 3"><a name="35994"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2717 "ref">[35994] Iª-IIae q. 59 a. 3 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2718 tristitia est quaedam animi aegritudo; ut Tullius eam vocat, in III
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2719 de Tuscul. quaest. Sed aegritudo animae contrariatur virtuti, quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2720 est bona animae habitudo. Ergo tristitia contrariatur virtuti, nec
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2721 potest simul esse cum ea.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2722 <p title="I-II q. 59 a. 3 s. c."><a name="35995"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2723 "ref">[35995] Iª-IIae q. 59 a. 3 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2724 est quod Christus fuit perfectus virtute. Sed in eo fuit tristitia,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2725 dicit enim, ut habetur Matth. XXVI, <i>tristis est anima mea usque
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2726 ad mortem</i>. Ergo tristitia potest esse cum virtute.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2727 <p title="I-II q. 59 a. 3 co."><a name="35996"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2728 "ref">[35996] Iª-IIae q. 59 a. 3 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2729 dicendum quod sicut dicit Augustinus, XIV de Civ. Dei, <i>Stoici
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2730 voluerunt, pro tribus perturbationibus, in animo sapientis esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2731 tres eupathias, idest tres bonas passiones, pro cupiditate scilicet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2732 voluntatem; pro laetitia, gaudium; pro metu, cautionem</i>. Pro
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2733 tristitia vero, negaverunt posse aliquid esse in animo sapientis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2734 duplici ratione. Primo quidem, quia tristitia est de malo quod iam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2735 accidit. Nullum autem malum aestimant posse accidere sapienti,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2736 crediderunt enim quod, sicut solum hominis bonum est virtus, bona
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2737 autem corporalia nulla bona hominis sunt; ita solum inhonestum est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2738 hominis malum, quod in virtuoso esse non potest. Sed hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2739 irrationabiliter dicitur. Cum enim homo sit ex anima et corpore
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2740 compositus, id quod confert ad vitam corporis conservandam, aliquod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2741 bonum hominis est, non tamen maximum, quia eo potest homo male uti.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2742 Unde et malum huic bono contrarium in sapiente esse potest, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2743 tristitiam moderatam inducere. Praeterea, etsi virtuosus sine gravi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2744 peccato esse possit, nullus tamen invenitur qui absque levibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2745 peccatis vitam ducat, secundum illud I Ioan. I, <i>si dixerimus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2746 quia peccatum non habemus, nos ipsos seducimus</i>. Tertio, quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2747 virtuosus, etsi peccatum non habeat, forte quandoque habuit. Et de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2748 hoc laudabiliter dolet; secundum illud II ad Cor. VII, <i>quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2749 secundum Deum est tristitia, poenitentiam in salutem stabilem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2750 operatur</i>. Quarto, quia potest etiam dolere laudabiliter de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2751 peccato alterius. Unde eo modo quo virtus moralis compatitur alias
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2752 passiones ratione moderatas, compatitur etiam tristitiam. Secundo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2753 movebantur ex hoc, quod tristitia est de praesenti malo, timor
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2754 autem de malo futuro, sicut delectatio de bono praesenti,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2755 desiderium vero de bono futuro. Potest autem hoc ad virtutem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2756 pertinere, quod aliquis bono habito fruatur, vel non habitum habere
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2757 desideret, vel quod etiam malum futurum caveat. Sed quod malo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2758 praesenti animus hominis substernatur, quod fit per tristitiam,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2759 omnino videtur contrarium rationi, unde cum virtute esse non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2760 potest. Sed hoc irrationabiliter dicitur. Est enim aliquod malum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2761 quod potest esse virtuoso praesens, ut dictum est. Quod quidem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2762 malum ratio detestatur. Unde appetitus sensitivus in hoc sequitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2763 detestationem rationis, quod de huiusmodi malo tristatur, moderate
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2764 tamen, secundum rationis iudicium. Hoc autem pertinet ad virtutem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2765 ut appetitus sensitivus rationi conformetur, ut dictum est. Unde ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2766 virtutem pertinet quod tristetur moderate in quibus tristandum est,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2767 sicut etiam philosophus dicit in II Ethic. Et hoc etiam utile est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2768 ad fugiendum mala. Sicut enim bona propter delectationem promptius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2769 quaeruntur, ita mala propter tristitiam fortius fugiuntur. Sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2770 igitur dicendum est quod tristitia de his quae conveniunt virtuti,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2771 non potest simul esse cum virtute, quia virtus in propriis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2772 delectatur. Sed de his quae quocumque modo repugnant virtuti,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2773 virtus moderate tristatur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2774 <p title="I-II q. 59 a. 3 ad 1"><a name="35997"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2775 "ref">[35997] Iª-IIae q. 59 a. 3 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2776 ergo dicendum quod ex illa auctoritate habetur quod de sapientia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2777 sapiens non tristetur. Tristatur tamen de his quae sunt impeditiva
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2778 sapientiae. Et ideo in beatis, in quibus nullum impedimentum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2779 sapientiae esse potest, tristitia locum non habet.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2780 <p title="I-II q. 59 a. 3 ad 2"><a name="35998"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2781 "ref">[35998] Iª-IIae q. 59 a. 3 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2782 dicendum quod tristitia impedit operationem de qua tristamur, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2783 adiuvat ad ea promptius exequenda per quae tristitia fugitur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2784 <p title="I-II q. 59 a. 3 ad 3"><a name="35999"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2785 "ref">[35999] Iª-IIae q. 59 a. 3 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2786 dicendum quod tristitia immoderata est animae aegritudo, tristitia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2787 autem moderata ad bonam habitudinem animae pertinet, secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2788 statum praesentis vitae.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2789 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2790 <div class="E">Articulus 4</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2791 <p title="I-II q. 59 a. 4 arg. 1"><a name="36000"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2792 "ref">[36000] Iª-IIae q. 59 a. 4 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quartum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2793 sic proceditur. Videtur quod omnis virtus moralis sit circa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2794 passiones. Dicit enim philosophus, in II Ethic., quod <i>circa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2795 voluptates et tristitias est moralis virtus</i>. Sed delectatio et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2796 tristitia sunt passiones, ut supra dictum est. Ergo omnis virtus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2797 moralis est circa passiones.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2798 <p title="I-II q. 59 a. 4 arg. 2"><a name="36001"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2799 "ref">[36001] Iª-IIae q. 59 a. 4 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2800 rationale per participationem est subiectum moralium virtutum, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2801 dicitur in I Ethic. Sed huiusmodi pars animae est in qua sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2802 passiones, ut supra dictum est. Ergo omnis virtus moralis est circa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2803 passiones.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2804 <p title="I-II q. 59 a. 4 arg. 3"><a name="36002"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2805 "ref">[36002] Iª-IIae q. 59 a. 4 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2806 in omni virtute morali est invenire aliquam passionem. Aut ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2807 omnes sunt circa passiones, aut nulla. Sed aliquae sunt circa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2808 passiones, ut fortitudo et temperantia, ut dicitur in III Ethic.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2809 Ergo omnes virtutes morales sunt circa passiones.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2810 <p title="I-II q. 59 a. 4 s. c."><a name="36003"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2811 "ref">[36003] Iª-IIae q. 59 a. 4 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2812 est quod iustitia, quae est virtus moralis, non est circa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2813 passiones, ut dicitur in V Ethic.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2814 <p title="I-II q. 59 a. 4 co."><a name="36004"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2815 "ref">[36004] Iª-IIae q. 59 a. 4 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2816 dicendum quod virtus moralis perficit appetitivam partem animae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2817 ordinando ipsam in bonum rationis. Est autem rationis bonum id quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2818 est secundum rationem moderatum seu ordinatum. Unde circa omne id
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2819 quod contingit ratione ordinari et moderari, contingit esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2820 virtutem moralem. Ratio autem ordinat non solum passiones appetitus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2821 sensitivi; sed etiam ordinat operationes appetitus intellectivi,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2822 qui est voluntas, quae non est subiectum passionis, ut supra dictum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2823 est. Et ideo non omnis virtus moralis est circa passiones; sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2824 quaedam circa passiones, quaedam circa operationes.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2825 <p title="I-II q. 59 a. 4 ad 1"><a name="36005"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2826 "ref">[36005] Iª-IIae q. 59 a. 4 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2827 ergo dicendum quod non omnis virtus moralis est circa delectationes
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2828 et tristitias sicut circa propriam materiam, sed sicut circa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2829 aliquid consequens proprium actum. Omnis enim virtuosus delectatur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2830 in actu virtutis, et tristatur in contrario. Unde philosophus post
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2831 praemissa verba subdit quod, <i>si virtutes sunt circa actus et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2832 passiones; omni autem passioni et omni actui sequitur delectatio et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2833 tristitia; propter hoc virtus erit circa delectationes et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2834 tristitias</i>, scilicet sicut circa aliquid consequens.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2835 <p title="I-II q. 59 a. 4 ad 2"><a name="36006"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2836 "ref">[36006] Iª-IIae q. 59 a. 4 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2837 dicendum quod rationale per participationem non solum est appetitus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2838 sensitivus, qui est subiectum passionum; sed etiam voluntas, in qua
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2839 non sunt passiones, ut dictum est.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2840 <p title="I-II q. 59 a. 4 ad 3"><a name="36007"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2841 "ref">[36007] Iª-IIae q. 59 a. 4 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2842 dicendum quod in quibusdam virtutibus sunt passiones sicut propria
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2843 materia, in quibusdam autem non. Unde non est eadem ratio de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2844 omnibus, ut infra ostendetur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2845 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2846 <div class="E">Articulus 5</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2847 <p title="I-II q. 59 a. 5 arg. 1"><a name="36008"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2848 "ref">[36008] Iª-IIae q. 59 a. 5 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quintum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2849 sic proceditur. Videtur quod virtus moralis possit esse absque
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2850 passione. Quanto enim virtus moralis est perfectior, tanto magis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2851 superat passiones. Ergo in suo perfectissimo esse, est omnino
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2852 absque passionibus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2853 <p title="I-II q. 59 a. 5 arg. 2"><a name="36009"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2854 "ref">[36009] Iª-IIae q. 59 a. 5 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2855 tunc unumquodque est perfectum, quando est remotum a suo contrario,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2856 et ab his quae ad contrarium inclinant. Sed passiones inclinant ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2857 peccatum, quod virtuti contrariatur, unde Rom. VII, nominantur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2858 passiones peccatorum. Ergo perfecta virtus est omnino absque
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2859 passione.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2860 <p title="I-II q. 59 a. 5 arg. 3"><a name="36010"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2861 "ref">[36010] Iª-IIae q. 59 a. 5 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2862 secundum virtutem Deo conformamur; ut patet per Augustinum, in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2863 libro de moribus Eccles. Sed Deus omnia operatur sine passione.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2864 Ergo virtus perfectissima est absque omni passione.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2865 <p title="I-II q. 59 a. 5 s. c."><a name="36011"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2866 "ref">[36011] Iª-IIae q. 59 a. 5 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2867 est quod nullus iustus est qui non gaudet iusta operatione, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2868 dicitur in I Ethic. Sed gaudium est passio. Ergo iustitia non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2869 potest esse sine passione. Et multo minus aliae virtutes.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2870 <p title="I-II q. 59 a. 5 co."><a name="36012"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2871 "ref">[36012] Iª-IIae q. 59 a. 5 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2872 dicendum quod, si passiones dicamus inordinatas affectiones, sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2873 Stoici posuerunt; sic manifestum est quod virtus perfecta est sine
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2874 passionibus. Si vero passiones dicamus omnes motus appetitus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2875 sensitivi, sic planum est quod virtutes morales quae sunt circa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2876 passiones sicut circa propriam materiam, sine passionibus esse non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2877 possunt. Cuius ratio est, quia secundum hoc, sequeretur quod virtus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2878 moralis faceret appetitum sensitivum omnino otiosum. Non autem ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2879 virtutem pertinet quod ea quae sunt subiecta rationi, a propriis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2880 actibus vacent, sed quod exequantur imperium rationis, proprios
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2881 actus agendo. Unde sicut virtus membra corporis ordinat ad actus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2882 exteriores debitos, ita appetitum sensitivum ad motus proprios
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2883 ordinatos. Virtutes vero morales quae non sunt circa passiones, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2884 circa operationes, possunt esse sine passionibus (et huiusmodi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2885 virtus est iustitia), quia per eas applicatur voluntas ad proprium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2886 actum, qui non est passio. Sed tamen ad actum iustitiae sequitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2887 gaudium, ad minus in voluntate, quod non est passio. Et si hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2888 gaudium multiplicetur per iustitiae perfectionem, fiet gaudii
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2889 redundantia usque ad appetitum sensitivum; secundum quod vires
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2890 inferiores sequuntur motum superiorum, ut supra dictum est. Et sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2891 per redundantiam huiusmodi, quanto virtus fuerit perfectior, tanto
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2892 magis passionem causat.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2893 <p title="I-II q. 59 a. 5 ad 1"><a name="36013"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2894 "ref">[36013] Iª-IIae q. 59 a. 5 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2895 ergo dicendum quod virtus passiones inordinatas superat, moderatas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2896 autem producit.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2897 <p title="I-II q. 59 a. 5 ad 2"><a name="36014"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2898 "ref">[36014] Iª-IIae q. 59 a. 5 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2899 dicendum quod passiones inordinatae inducunt ad peccandum, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2900 autem si sunt moderatae.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2901 <p title="I-II q. 59 a. 5 ad 3"><a name="36015"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2902 "ref">[36015] Iª-IIae q. 59 a. 5 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2903 dicendum quod bonum in unoquoque consideratur secundum conditionem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2904 suae naturae. In Deo autem et Angelis non est appetitus sensitivus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2905 sicut est in homine. Et ideo bona operatio Dei et Angeli est omnino
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2906 sine passione, sicut et sine corpore, bona autem operatio hominis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2907 est cum passione, sicut et cum corporis ministerio.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2908 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2909 <div class="D">Quaestio 60</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2910 <div class="G">Prooemium</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2911 <p title="I-II q. 60 pr."><a name="36016"><span class="ref">[36016]
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2912 Iª-IIae q. 60 pr.</span></a> Deinde considerandum est de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2913 distinctione virtutum moralium ad invicem. Et circa hoc quaeruntur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2914 quinque. Primo, utrum sit tantum una virtus moralis. Secundo, utrum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2915 distinguantur virtutes morales quae sunt circa operationes, ab his
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2916 quae sunt circa passiones. Tertio, utrum circa operationes sit una
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2917 tantum moralis virtus. Quarto, utrum circa diversas passiones sint
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2918 diversae morales virtutes. Quinto, utrum virtutes morales
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2919 distinguantur secundum diversa obiecta passionum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2920 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2921 <div class="E">Articulus 1</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2922 <p title="I-II q. 60 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="36017"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2923 "ref">[36017] Iª-IIae q. 60 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2924 sic proceditur. Videtur quod sit una tantum moralis virtus. Sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2925 enim in actibus moralibus directio pertinet ad rationem, quae est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2926 subiectum intellectualium virtutum; ita inclinatio pertinet ad vim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2927 appetitivam, quae est subiectum moralium virtutum. Sed una est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2928 intellectualis virtus dirigens in omnibus moralibus actibus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2929 scilicet prudentia. Ergo etiam una tantum est moralis virtus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2930 inclinans in omnibus moralibus actibus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2931 <p title="I-II q. 60 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="36018"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2932 "ref">[36018] Iª-IIae q. 60 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2933 habitus non distinguuntur secundum materialia obiecta, sed secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2934 formales rationes obiectorum. Formalis autem ratio boni ad quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2935 ordinatur virtus moralis, est unum, scilicet modus rationis. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2936 videtur quod sit una tantum moralis virtus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2937 <p title="I-II q. 60 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="36019"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2938 "ref">[36019] Iª-IIae q. 60 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2939 moralia recipiunt speciem a fine, ut supra dictum est. Sed finis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2940 omnium virtutum moralium communis est unus, scilicet felicitas;
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2941 proprii autem et propinqui sunt infiniti. Non sunt autem infinitae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2942 virtutes morales. Ergo videtur quod sit una tantum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2943 <p title="I-II q. 60 a. 1 s. c."><a name="36020"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2944 "ref">[36020] Iª-IIae q. 60 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2945 est quod unus habitus non potest esse in diversis potentiis, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2946 supra dictum est. Sed subiectum virtutum moralium est pars
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2947 appetitiva animae, quae per diversas potentias distinguitur, ut in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2948 primo dictum est. Ergo non potest esse una tantum virtus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2949 moralis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2950 <p title="I-II q. 60 a. 1 co."><a name="36021"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2951 "ref">[36021] Iª-IIae q. 60 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2952 dicendum quod, sicut supra dictum est, virtutes morales sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2953 habitus quidam appetitivae partis. Habitus autem specie differunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2954 secundum speciales differentias obiectorum, ut supra dictum est.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2955 Species autem obiecti appetibilis, sicut et cuiuslibet rei,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2956 attenditur secundum formam specificam, quae est ab agente. Est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2957 autem considerandum quod materia patientis se habet ad agens
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2958 dupliciter. Quandoque enim recipit formam agentis secundum eandem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2959 rationem, prout est in agente, sicut est in omnibus agentibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2960 univocis. Et sic necesse est quod, si agens est unum specie, quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2961 materia recipiat formam unius speciei, sicut ab igne non generatur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2962 univoce nisi aliquid existens in specie ignis. Aliquando vero
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2963 materia recipit formam ab agente non secundum eandem rationem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2964 prout est in agente, sicut patet in generantibus non univocis, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2965 animal generatur a sole. Et tunc formae receptae in materia ab
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2966 eodem agente, non sunt unius speciei sed diversificantur secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2967 diversam proportionem materiae ad recipiendum influxum agentis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2968 sicut videmus quod ab una actione solis generantur per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2969 putrefactionem animalia diversarum specierum secundum diversam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2970 proportionem materiae. Manifestum est autem quod in moralibus ratio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2971 est sicut imperans et movens; vis autem appetitiva est sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2972 imperata et mota. Non autem appetitus recipit impressionem rationis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2973 quasi univoce, quia non fit rationale per essentiam, sed per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2974 participationem, ut dicitur in I Ethic. Unde appetibilia secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2975 motionem rationis constituuntur in diversis speciebus, secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2976 quod diversimode se habent ad rationem. Et ita sequitur quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2977 virtutes morales sint diversae secundum speciem, et non una
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2978 tantum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2979 <p title="I-II q. 60 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="36022"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2980 "ref">[36022] Iª-IIae q. 60 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2981 ergo dicendum quod obiectum rationis est verum. Est autem eadem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2982 ratio veri in omnibus moralibus, quae sunt contingentia agibilia.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2983 Unde est una sola virtus in eis dirigens, scilicet prudentia.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2984 Obiectum autem appetitivae virtutis est bonum appetibile. Cuius est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2985 diversa ratio, secundum diversam habitudinem ad rationem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2986 dirigentem.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2987 <p title="I-II q. 60 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="36023"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2988 "ref">[36023] Iª-IIae q. 60 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2989 dicendum quod illud formale est unum genere, propter unitatem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2990 agentis. Sed diversificatur specie, propter diversas habitudines
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2991 recipientium, ut supra dictum est.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2992 <p title="I-II q. 60 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="36024"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2993 "ref">[36024] Iª-IIae q. 60 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2994 dicendum quod moralia non habent speciem a fine ultimo sed a
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2995 finibus proximis, qui quidem, etsi infiniti sint numero, non tamen
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2996 infiniti sunt specie.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2997 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2998 <div class="E">Articulus 2</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2999 <p title="I-II q. 60 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="36025"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3000 "ref">[36025] Iª-IIae q. 60 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3001 sic proceditur. Videtur quod virtutes morales non distinguantur ab
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3002 invicem per hoc quod quaedam sunt circa operationes, quaedam circa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3003 passiones. Dicit enim philosophus, in II Ethic., quod virtus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3004 moralis est circa delectationes et tristitias optimorum operativa.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3005 Sed voluptates et tristitiae sunt passiones quaedam, ut supra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3006 dictum est. Ergo eadem virtus quae est circa passiones, est etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3007 circa operationes, utpote operativa existens.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3008 <p title="I-II q. 60 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="36026"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3009 "ref">[36026] Iª-IIae q. 60 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3010 passiones sunt principia exteriorum operationum. Si ergo aliquae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3011 virtutes rectificant passiones, oportet quod etiam per consequens
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3012 rectificent operationes. Eaedem ergo virtutes morales sunt circa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3013 passiones et operationes.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3014 <p title="I-II q. 60 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="36027"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3015 "ref">[36027] Iª-IIae q. 60 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3016 ad omnem operationem exteriorem movetur appetitus sensitivus bene
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3017 vel male. Sed motus appetitus sensitivi sunt passiones. Ergo eaedem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3018 virtutes quae sunt circa operationes, sunt circa passiones.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3019 <p title="I-II q. 60 a. 2 s. c."><a name="36028"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3020 "ref">[36028] Iª-IIae q. 60 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3021 est quod philosophus ponit iustitiam circa operationes;
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3022 temperantiam autem et fortitudinem et mansuetudinem, circa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3023 passiones quasdam.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3024 <p title="I-II q. 60 a. 2 co."><a name="36029"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3025 "ref">[36029] Iª-IIae q. 60 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3026 dicendum quod operatio et passio dupliciter potest comparari ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3027 virtutem. Uno modo, sicut effectus. Et hoc modo, omnis moralis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3028 virtus habet aliquas operationes bonas, quarum est productiva; et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3029 delectationem aliquam vel tristitiam, quae sunt passiones, ut supra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3030 dictum est. Alio modo potest comparari operatio ad virtutem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3031 moralem, sicut materia circa quam est. Et secundum hoc, oportet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3032 alias esse virtutes morales circa operationes, et alias circa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3033 passiones. Cuius ratio est, quia bonum et malum in quibusdam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3034 operationibus attenditur secundum seipsas, qualitercumque homo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3035 afficiatur ad eas, inquantum scilicet bonum in eis et malum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3036 accipitur secundum rationem commensurationis ad alterum. Et in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3037 talibus oportet quod sit aliqua virtus directiva operationum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3038 secundum seipsas, sicut sunt emptio et venditio, et omnes huiusmodi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3039 operationes in quibus attenditur ratio debiti vel indebiti ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3040 alterum. Et propter hoc, iustitia et partes eius proprie sunt circa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3041 operationes sicut circa propriam materiam. In quibusdam vero
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3042 operationibus bonum et malum attenditur solum secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3043 commensurationem ad operantem. Et ideo oportet in his bonum et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3044 malum considerari, secundum quod homo bene vel male afficitur circa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3045 huiusmodi. Et propter hoc, oportet quod virtutes in talibus sint
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3046 principaliter circa interiores affectiones, quae dicuntur animae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3047 passiones, sicut patet de temperantia, fortitudine et aliis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3048 huiusmodi. Contingit autem quod in operationibus quae sunt ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3049 alterum, praetermittatur bonum virtutis propter inordinatam animi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3050 passionem. Et tunc, inquantum corrumpitur commensuratio exterioris
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3051 operationis, est corruptio iustitiae, inquantum autem corrumpitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3052 commensuratio interiorum passionum, est corruptio alicuius alterius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3053 virtutis. Sicut cum propter iram aliquis alium percutit, in ipsa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3054 percussione indebita corrumpitur iustitia, in immoderantia vero
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3055 irae corrumpitur mansuetudo. Et idem patet in aliis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3056 <p title="I-II q. 60 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="36030"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3057 "ref">[36030] Iª-IIae q. 60 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Et per hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3058 patet responsio ad obiecta. Nam prima ratio procedit de operatione,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3059 secundum quod est effectus virtutis. Aliae vero duae rationes
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3060 procedunt ex hoc, quod ad idem concurrunt operatio et passio. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3061 in quibusdam virtus est principaliter circa operationem, in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3062 quibusdam circa passionem, ratione praedicta.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3063 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3064 <div class="E">Articulus 3</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3065 <p title="I-II q. 60 a. 3 arg. 1"><a name="36031"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3066 "ref">[36031] Iª-IIae q. 60 a. 3 arg. 1</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3067 sic proceditur. Videtur quod sit una tantum virtus moralis circa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3068 operationes. Rectitudo enim omnium operationum exteriorum videtur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3069 ad iustitiam pertinere. Sed iustitia est una virtus. Ergo una sola
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3070 virtus est circa operationes.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3071 <p title="I-II q. 60 a. 3 arg. 2"><a name="36032"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3072 "ref">[36032] Iª-IIae q. 60 a. 3 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3073 operationes maxime differentes esse videntur quae ordinantur ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3074 bonum unius, et quae ordinantur ad bonum multitudinis. Sed ista
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3075 diversitas non diversificat virtutes morales, dicit enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3076 philosophus, in V Ethic., quod iustitia legalis, quae ordinat actus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3077 hominum ad commune bonum, non est aliud a virtute quae ordinat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3078 actus hominis ad unum tantum, nisi secundum rationem. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3079 diversitas operationum non causat diversitatem virtutum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3080 moralium.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3081 <p title="I-II q. 60 a. 3 arg. 3"><a name="36033"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3082 "ref">[36033] Iª-IIae q. 60 a. 3 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3083 si sunt diversae virtutes morales circa diversas operationes,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3084 oporteret quod secundum diversitatem operationum, esset diversitas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3085 virtutum moralium. Sed hoc patet esse falsum, nam ad iustitiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3086 pertinet in diversis generibus commutationum rectitudinem statuere,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3087 et etiam in distributionibus, ut patet in V Ethic. Non ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3088 diversae virtutes sunt diversarum operationum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3089 <p title="I-II q. 60 a. 3 s. c."><a name="36034"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3090 "ref">[36034] Iª-IIae q. 60 a. 3 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3091 est quod religio est alia virtus a pietate, quarum tamen utraque
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3092 est circa operationes quasdam.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3093 <p title="I-II q. 60 a. 3 co."><a name="36035"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3094 "ref">[36035] Iª-IIae q. 60 a. 3 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3095 dicendum quod omnes virtutes morales quae sunt circa operationes,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3096 conveniunt in quadam generali ratione iustitiae, quae attenditur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3097 secundum debitum ad alterum, distinguuntur autem secundum diversas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3098 speciales rationes. Cuius ratio est quia in operationibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3099 exterioribus ordo rationis instituitur sicut dictum est, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3100 secundum proportionem ad affectionem hominis, sed secundum ipsam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3101 convenientiam rei in seipsa; secundum quam convenientiam accipitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3102 ratio debiti, ex quo constituitur ratio iustitiae, ad iustitiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3103 enim pertinere videtur ut quis debitum reddat. Unde omnes huiusmodi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3104 virtutes quae sunt circa operationes, habent aliquo modo rationem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3105 iustitiae. Sed debitum non est unius rationis in omnibus, aliter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3106 enim debetur aliquid aequali, aliter superiori, aliter minori; et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3107 aliter ex pacto, vel ex promisso, vel ex beneficio suscepto. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3108 secundum has diversas rationes debiti, sumuntur diversae virtutes,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3109 puta religio est per quam redditur debitum Deo; pietas est per quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3110 redditur debitum parentibus vel patriae; gratia est per quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3111 redditur debitum benefactoribus; et sic de aliis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3112 <p title="I-II q. 60 a. 3 ad 1"><a name="36036"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3113 "ref">[36036] Iª-IIae q. 60 a. 3 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3114 ergo dicendum quod iustitia proprie dicta est una specialis virtus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3115 quae attendit perfectam rationem debiti, quod secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3116 aequivalentiam potest restitui. Dicitur tamen et ampliato nomine
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3117 iustitia, secundum quamcumque debiti redditionem. Et sic non est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3118 una specialis virtus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3119 <p title="I-II q. 60 a. 3 ad 2"><a name="36037"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3120 "ref">[36037] Iª-IIae q. 60 a. 3 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3121 dicendum quod iustitia quae intendit bonum commune, est alia virtus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3122 a iustitia quae ordinatur ad bonum privatum alicuius, unde et ius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3123 commune distinguitur a iure privato; et Tullius ponit unam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3124 specialem virtutem, pietatem, quae ordinat ad bonum patriae. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3125 iustitia ordinans hominem ad bonum commune, est generalis per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3126 imperium, quia omnes actus virtutum ordinat ad finem suum, scilicet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3127 ad bonum commune. Virtus autem secundum quod a tali iustitia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3128 imperatur, etiam iustitiae nomen accipit. Et sic virtus a iustitia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3129 legali non differt nisi ratione, sicut sola ratione differt virtus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3130 operans secundum seipsam, et virtus operans ad imperium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3131 alterius.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3132 <p title="I-II q. 60 a. 3 ad 3"><a name="36038"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3133 "ref">[36038] Iª-IIae q. 60 a. 3 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3134 dicendum quod in omnibus operationibus ad iustitiam specialem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3135 pertinentibus, est eadem ratio debiti. Et ideo est eadem virtus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3136 iustitiae, praecipue quantum ad commutationes. Forte enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3137 distributiva est alterius speciei a commutativa, sed de hoc infra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3138 quaeretur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3139 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3140 <div class="E">Articulus 4</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3141 <p title="I-II q. 60 a. 4 arg. 1"><a name="36039"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3142 "ref">[36039] Iª-IIae q. 60 a. 4 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quartum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3143 sic proceditur. Videtur quod circa diversas passiones non sint
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3144 diversae virtutes morales. Eorum enim quae conveniunt in principio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3145 et fine, unus est habitus, sicut patet maxime in scientiis. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3146 omnium passionum unum est principium, scilicet amor; et omnes ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3147 eundem finem terminantur, scilicet ad delectationem vel tristitiam;
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3148 ut supra habitum est. Ergo circa omnes passiones est una tantum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3149 moralis virtus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3150 <p title="I-II q. 60 a. 4 arg. 2"><a name="36040"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3151 "ref">[36040] Iª-IIae q. 60 a. 4 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3152 si circa diversas passiones essent diversae virtutes morales,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3153 sequeretur quod tot essent virtutes morales quot passiones. Sed hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3154 patet esse falsum, quia circa oppositas passiones est una et eadem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3155 virtus moralis, sicut fortitudo circa timores et audacias,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3156 temperantia circa delectationes et tristitias. Non ergo oportet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3157 quod circa diversas passiones sint diversae virtutes morales.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3158 <p title="I-II q. 60 a. 4 arg. 3"><a name="36041"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3159 "ref">[36041] Iª-IIae q. 60 a. 4 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3160 amor, concupiscentia et delectatio sunt passiones specie
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3161 differentes, ut supra habitum est. Sed circa omnes has est una
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3162 virtus, scilicet temperantia. Ergo virtutes morales non sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3163 diversae circa diversas passiones.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3164 <p title="I-II q. 60 a. 4 s. c."><a name="36042"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3165 "ref">[36042] Iª-IIae q. 60 a. 4 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3166 est quod fortitudo est circa timores et audacias; temperantia circa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3167 concupiscentias; mansuetudo circa iras; ut dicitur in III et IV
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3168 Ethic.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3169 <p title="I-II q. 60 a. 4 co."><a name="36043"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3170 "ref">[36043] Iª-IIae q. 60 a. 4 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3171 dicendum quod non potest dici quod circa omnes passiones sit una
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3172 sola virtus moralis, sunt enim quaedam passiones ad diversas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3173 potentias pertinentes; aliae namque pertinent ad irascibilem, aliae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3174 ad concupiscibilem, ut supra dictum est. Nec tamen oportet quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3175 omnis diversitas passionum sufficiat ad virtutes morales
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3176 diversificandas. Primo quidem, quia quaedam passiones sunt quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3177 sibi opponuntur secundum contrarietatem, sicut gaudium et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3178 tristitia, timor et audacia, et alia huiusmodi. Et circa huiusmodi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3179 passiones sic oppositas, oportet esse unam et eandem virtutem. Cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3180 enim virtus moralis in quadam medietate consistat, medium in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3181 contrariis passionibus secundum eandem rationem instituitur, sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3182 et in naturalibus idem est medium inter contraria, ut inter album
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3183 et nigrum. Secundo, quia diversae passiones inveniuntur secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3184 eundem modum rationi repugnantes, puta secundum impulsum ad id quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3185 est contra rationem; vel secundum retractionem ab eo quod est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3186 secundum rationem. Et ideo diversae passiones concupiscibilis non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3187 pertinent ad diversas virtutes morales, quia earum motus secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3188 quendam ordinem se invicem consequuntur, utpote ad idem ordinati,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3189 scilicet ad consequendum bonum, vel ad fugiendum malum; sicut ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3190 amore procedit concupiscentia, et ex concupiscentia pervenitur ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3191 delectationem. Et eadem ratio est de oppositis, quia ex odio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3192 sequitur fuga vel abominatio, quae perducit ad tristitiam. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3193 passiones irascibilis non sunt unius ordinis, sed ad diversa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3194 ordinantur, nam audacia et timor ordinantur ad aliquod magnum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3195 periculum; spes et desperatio ad aliquod bonum arduum; ira autem ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3196 superandum aliquod contrarium quod nocumentum intulit. Et ideo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3197 circa has passiones diversae virtutes ordinantur, utpote
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3198 temperantia circa passiones concupiscibilis; fortitudo circa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3199 timores et audacias; magnanimitas circa spem et desperationem;
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3200 mansuetudo circa iras.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3201 <p title="I-II q. 60 a. 4 ad 1"><a name="36044"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3202 "ref">[36044] Iª-IIae q. 60 a. 4 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3203 ergo dicendum quod omnes passiones conveniunt in uno principio et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3204 fine communi, non autem in uno proprio principio seu fine. Unde hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3205 non sufficit ad unitatem virtutis moralis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3206 <p title="I-II q. 60 a. 4 ad 2"><a name="36045"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3207 "ref">[36045] Iª-IIae q. 60 a. 4 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3208 dicendum quod, sicut in naturalibus idem est principium quo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3209 receditur ab uno principio, et acceditur ad aliud; et in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3210 rationalibus est eadem ratio contrariorum, ita etiam virtus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3211 moralis, quae in modum naturae rationi consentit, est eadem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3212 contrariarum passionum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3213 <p title="I-II q. 60 a. 4 ad 3"><a name="36046"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3214 "ref">[36046] Iª-IIae q. 60 a. 4 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3215 dicendum quod illae tres passiones ad idem obiectum ordinantur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3216 secundum quendam ordinem, ut dictum est. Et ideo ad eandem virtutem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3217 moralem pertinent.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3218 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3219 <div class="E">Articulus 5</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3220 <p title="I-II q. 60 a. 5 arg. 1"><a name="36047"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3221 "ref">[36047] Iª-IIae q. 60 a. 5 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quintum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3222 sic proceditur. Videtur quod virtutes morales non distinguantur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3223 secundum obiecta passionum. Sicut enim sunt obiecta passionum, ita
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3224 sunt obiecta operationum. Sed virtutes morales quae sunt circa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3225 operationes, non distinguuntur secundum obiecta operationum, ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3226 eandem enim virtutem iustitiae pertinet emere vel vendere domum, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3227 equum. Ergo etiam nec virtutes morales quae sunt circa passiones,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3228 diversificantur per obiecta passionum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3229 <p title="I-II q. 60 a. 5 arg. 2"><a name="36048"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3230 "ref">[36048] Iª-IIae q. 60 a. 5 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3231 passiones sunt quidam actus vel motus appetitus sensitivi. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3232 maior diversitas requiritur ad diversitatem habituum, quam ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3233 diversitatem actuum. Diversa igitur obiecta quae non diversificant
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3234 speciem passionis, non diversificabunt speciem virtutis moralis.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3235 Ita scilicet quod de omnibus delectabilibus erit una virtus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3236 moralis, et similiter est de aliis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3237 <p title="I-II q. 60 a. 5 arg. 3"><a name="36049"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3238 "ref">[36049] Iª-IIae q. 60 a. 5 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3239 magis et minus non diversificant speciem. Sed diversa delectabilia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3240 non differunt nisi secundum magis et minus. Ergo omnia delectabilia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3241 pertinent ad unam speciem virtutis. Et eadem ratione, omnia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3242 terribilia, et similiter de aliis. Non ergo virtus moralis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3243 distinguitur secundum obiecta passionum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3244 <p title="I-II q. 60 a. 5 arg. 4"><a name="36050"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3245 "ref">[36050] Iª-IIae q. 60 a. 5 arg. 4</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3246 sicut virtus est operativa boni, ita est impeditiva mali. Sed circa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3247 concupiscentias bonorum sunt diversae virtutes, sicut temperantia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3248 circa concupiscentias delectationum tactus, et eutrapelia circa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3249 delectationes ludi. Ergo etiam circa timores malorum debent esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3250 diversae virtutes.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3251 <p title="I-II q. 60 a. 5 s. c."><a name="36051"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3252 "ref">[36051] Iª-IIae q. 60 a. 5 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3253 est quod castitas est circa delectabilia venereorum; abstinentia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3254 vero est circa delectabilia ciborum; et eutrapelia circa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3255 delectabilia ludorum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3256 <p title="I-II q. 60 a. 5 co."><a name="36052"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3257 "ref">[36052] Iª-IIae q. 60 a. 5 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3258 dicendum quod perfectio virtutis ex ratione dependet, perfectio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3259 autem passionis, ex ipso appetitu sensitivo. Unde oportet quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3260 virtutes diversificentur secundum ordinem ad rationem, passiones
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3261 autem, secundum ordinem ad appetitum. Obiecta igitur passionum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3262 secundum quod diversimode comparantur ad appetitum sensitivum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3263 causant diversas passionum species, secundum vero quod comparantur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3264 ad rationem, causant diversas species virtutum. Non est autem idem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3265 motus rationis, et appetitus sensitivi. Unde nihil prohibet aliquam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3266 differentiam obiectorum causare diversitatem passionum, quae non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3267 causat diversitatem virtutum, sicut quando una virtus est circa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3268 multas passiones, ut dictum est, et aliquam etiam differentiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3269 obiectorum causare diversitatem virtutum, quae non causat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3270 diversitatem passionum, cum circa unam passionem, puta
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3271 delectationem, diversae virtutes ordinentur. Et quia diversae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3272 passiones ad diversas potentias pertinentes, semper pertinent ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3273 diversas virtutes, ut dictum est; ideo diversitas obiectorum quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3274 respicit diversitatem potentiarum, semper diversificat species
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3275 virtutum; puta quod aliquid sit bonum absolute, et aliquid bonum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3276 cum aliqua arduitate. Et quia ordine quodam ratio inferiores
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3277 hominis partes regit, et etiam se ad exteriora extendit; ideo etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3278 secundum quod unum obiectum passionis apprehenditur sensu vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3279 imaginatione, aut etiam ratione; et secundum etiam quod pertinet ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3280 animam, corpus, vel exteriores res; diversam habitudinem habet ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3281 rationem; et per consequens natum est diversificare virtutes. Bonum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3282 igitur hominis, quod est obiectum amoris, concupiscentiae et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3283 delectationis, potest accipi vel ad sensum corporis pertinens; vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3284 ad interiorem animae apprehensionem. Et hoc, sive ordinetur ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3285 bonum hominis in seipso, vel quantum ad corpus vel quantum ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3286 animam; sive ordinetur ad bonum hominis in ordine ad alios. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3287 omnis talis diversitas, propter diversum ordinem ad rationem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3288 diversificat virtutem. Sic igitur si consideretur aliquod bonum, si
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3289 quidem sit per sensum tactus apprehensum, et ad consistentiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3290 humanae vitae pertinens in individuo vel in specie, sicut sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3291 delectabilia ciborum et venereorum; erit pertinens ad virtutem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3292 temperantiae. Delectationes autem aliorum sensuum, cum non sint
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3293 vehementes, non praestant aliquam difficultatem rationi, et ideo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3294 circa eas non ponitur aliqua virtus, quae est circa difficile,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3295 sicut et ars, ut dicitur in II Ethic. Bonum autem non sensu, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3296 interiori virtute apprehensum, ad ipsum hominem pertinens secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3297 seipsum, est sicut pecunia et honor; quorum pecunia ordinabilis est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3298 de se ad bonum corporis; honor autem consistit in apprehensione
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3299 animae. Et haec quidem bona considerari possunt vel absolute,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3300 secundum quod pertinent ad concupiscibilem; vel cum arduitate
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3301 quadam, secundum quod pertinent ad irascibilem. Quae quidem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3302 distinctio non habet locum in bonis quae delectant tactum, quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3303 huiusmodi sunt quaedam infima, et competunt homini secundum quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3304 convenit cum brutis. Circa bonum igitur pecuniae absolute sumptum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3305 secundum quod est obiectum concupiscentiae vel delectationis aut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3306 amoris, est liberalitas. Circa bonum autem huiusmodi cum arduitate
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3307 sumptum, secundum quod est obiectum spei, est magnificentia. Circa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3308 bonum vero quod est honor, si quidem sit absolute sumptum, secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3309 quod est obiectum amoris, sic est quaedam virtus quae vocatur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3310 philotimia, idest amor honoris. Si vero cum arduitate consideretur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3311 secundum quod est obiectum spei, sic est magnanimitas. Unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3312 liberalitas et philotimia videntur esse in concupiscibili,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3313 magnificentia vero et magnanimitas in irascibili. Bonum vero
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3314 hominis in ordine ad alium, non videtur arduitatem habere, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3315 accipitur ut absolute sumptum, prout est obiectum passionum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3316 concupiscibilis. Quod quidem bonum potest esse alicui delectabile
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3317 secundum quod praebet se alteri vel in his quae serio fiunt, idest
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3318 in actionibus per rationem ordinatis ad debitum finem; vel in his
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3319 quae fiunt ludo, idest in actionibus ordinatis ad delectationem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3320 tantum, quae non eodem modo se habent ad rationem sicut prima. In
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3321 seriis autem se exhibet aliquis alteri dupliciter. Uno modo, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3322 delectabilem decentibus verbis et factis, et hoc pertinet ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3323 quandam virtutem quam Aristoteles nominat amicitiam; et potest dici
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3324 affabilitas. Alio modo praebet se aliquis alteri ut manifestum, per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3325 dicta et facta, et hoc pertinet ad aliam virtutem, quam nominat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3326 veritatem. Manifestatio enim propinquius accedit ad rationem quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3327 delectatio; et seria quam iocosa. Unde et circa delectationes
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3328 ludorum est alia virtus, quam philosophus eutrapeliam nominat. Sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3329 igitur patet quod, secundum Aristotelem, sunt decem virtutes
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3330 morales circa passiones, scilicet fortitudo, temperantia,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3331 liberalitas, magnificentia, magnanimitas, philotimia, mansuetudo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3332 amicitia, veritas et eutrapelia. Et distinguuntur secundum diversas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3333 materias vel secundum diversas passiones; vel secundum diversa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3334 obiecta. Si igitur addatur iustitia, quae est circa operationes,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3335 erunt omnes undecim.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3336 <p title="I-II q. 60 a. 5 ad 1"><a name="36053"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3337 "ref">[36053] Iª-IIae q. 60 a. 5 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3338 ergo dicendum quod omnia obiecta eiusdem operationis secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3339 speciem, eandem habitudinem habent ad rationem; non autem omnia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3340 obiecta eiusdem passionis secundum speciem, quia operationes non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3341 repugnant rationi, sicut passiones.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3342 <p title="I-II q. 60 a. 5 ad 2"><a name="36054"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3343 "ref">[36054] Iª-IIae q. 60 a. 5 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3344 dicendum quod alia ratione diversificantur passiones, et alia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3345 virtutes, sicut dictum est.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3346 <p title="I-II q. 60 a. 5 ad 3"><a name="36055"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3347 "ref">[36055] Iª-IIae q. 60 a. 5 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3348 dicendum quod magis et minus non diversificant speciem, nisi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3349 propter diversam habitudinem ad rationem.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3350 <p title="I-II q. 60 a. 5 ad 4"><a name="36056"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3351 "ref">[36056] Iª-IIae q. 60 a. 5 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3352 dicendum quod bonum fortius est ad movendum quam malum quia malum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3353 non agit nisi virtute boni, ut Dionysius dicit, IV cap. de Div.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3354 Nom. Unde malum non facit difficultatem rationi quae requirat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3355 virtutem, nisi sit excellens, quod videtur esse unum in uno genere
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3356 passionis. Unde circa iras non ponitur nisi una virtus, scilicet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3357 mansuetudo, et similiter circa audacias una sola, scilicet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3358 fortitudo. Sed bonum ingerit difficultatem, quae requirit virtutem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3359 etiam si non sit excellens in genere talis passionis. Et ideo circa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3360 concupiscentias ponuntur diversae virtutes morales, ut dictum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3361 est.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3362 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3363 <div class="D">Quaestio 61</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3364 <div class="G">Prooemium</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3365 <p title="I-II q. 61 pr."><a name="36057"><span class="ref">[36057]
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3366 Iª-IIae q. 61 pr.</span></a> Deinde considerandum est de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3367 virtutibus cardinalibus. Et circa hoc quaeruntur quinque. Primo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3368 utrum virtutes morales debeant dici cardinales, vel principales.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3369 Secundo, de numero earum. Tertio, quae sint. Quarto, utrum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3370 differant ab invicem. Quinto, utrum dividantur convenienter in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3371 virtutes politicas, et purgatorias, et purgati animi, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3372 exemplares.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3373 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3374 <div class="E">Articulus 1</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3375 <p title="I-II q. 61 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="36058"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3376 "ref">[36058] Iª-IIae q. 61 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3377 sic proceditur. Videtur quod virtutes morales non debeant dici
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3378 cardinales, seu principales. Quae enim ex opposito dividuntur, sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3379 simul natura, ut dicitur in praedicamentis, et sic unum non est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3380 altero principalius. Sed omnes virtutes ex opposito dividunt genus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3381 virtutis. Ergo nullae earum debent dici principales.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3382 <p title="I-II q. 61 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="36059"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3383 "ref">[36059] Iª-IIae q. 61 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3384 finis principalior est his quae sunt ad finem. Sed virtutes
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3385 theologicae sunt circa finem, virtutes autem morales circa ea quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3386 sunt ad finem. Ergo virtutes morales non debent dici principales,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3387 seu cardinales; sed magis theologicae.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3388 <p title="I-II q. 61 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="36060"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3389 "ref">[36060] Iª-IIae q. 61 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3390 principalius est quod est per essentiam, quam quod est per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3391 participationem. Sed virtutes intellectuales pertinent ad rationale
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3392 per essentiam, virtutes autem morales ad rationale per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3393 participationem, ut supra dictum est. Ergo virtutes morales non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3394 sunt principales, sed magis virtutes intellectuales.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3395 <p title="I-II q. 61 a. 1 s. c."><a name="36061"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3396 "ref">[36061] Iª-IIae q. 61 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3397 est quod Ambrosius dicit, super Lucam, exponens illud, <i>beati
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3398 pauperes spiritu, scimus virtutes esse quatuor cardinales, scilicet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3399 temperantiam, iustitiam, prudentiam, fortitudinem</i>. Hae autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3400 sunt virtutes morales. Ergo virtutes morales sunt cardinales.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3401 <p title="I-II q. 61 a. 1 co."><a name="36062"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3402 "ref">[36062] Iª-IIae q. 61 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3403 dicendum quod, cum simpliciter de virtute loquimur, intelligimur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3404 loqui de virtute humana. Virtus autem humana, ut supra dictum est,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3405 secundum perfectam rationem virtutis dicitur, quae requirit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3406 rectitudinem appetitus, huiusmodi enim virtus non solum facit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3407 facultatem bene agendi, sed ipsum etiam usum boni operis causat.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3408 Sed secundum imperfectam rationem virtutis dicitur virtus quae non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3409 requirit rectitudinem appetitus, quia solum facit facultatem bene
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3410 agendi, non autem causat boni operis usum. Constat autem quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3411 perfectum est principalius imperfecto. Et ideo virtutes quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3412 continent rectitudinem appetitus, dicuntur principales. Huiusmodi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3413 autem sunt virtutes morales; et inter intellectuales, sola
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3414 prudentia, quae etiam quodammodo moralis est, secundum materiam, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3415 ex supradictis patet, unde convenienter inter virtutes morales
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3416 ponuntur illae quae dicuntur principales, seu cardinales.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3417 <p title="I-II q. 61 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="36063"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3418 "ref">[36063] Iª-IIae q. 61 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3419 ergo dicendum quod, quando genus univocum dividitur in suas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3420 species, tunc partes divisionis ex aequo se habent secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3421 rationem generis; licet secundum naturam rei, una species sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3422 principalior et perfectior alia, sicut homo aliis animalibus. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3423 quando est divisio alicuius analogi, quod dicitur de pluribus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3424 secundum prius et posterius; tunc nihil prohibet unum esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3425 principalius altero, etiam secundum communem rationem; sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3426 substantia principalius dicitur ens quam accidens. Et talis est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3427 divisio virtutum in diversa genera virtutum, eo quod bonum rationis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3428 non secundum eundem ordinem invenitur in omnibus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3429 <p title="I-II q. 61 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="36064"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3430 "ref">[36064] Iª-IIae q. 61 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3431 dicendum quod virtutes theologicae sunt supra hominem, ut supra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3432 dictum est. Unde non proprie dicuntur virtutes humanae, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3433 superhumanae, vel divinae.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3434 <p title="I-II q. 61 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="36065"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3435 "ref">[36065] Iª-IIae q. 61 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3436 dicendum, quod aliae virtutes intellectuales a prudentia, etsi sint
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3437 principaliores quam morales quantum ad subiectum; non tamen sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3438 principaliores quantum ad rationem virtutis, quae respicit bonum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3439 quod est obiectum appetitus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3440 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3441 <div class="E">Articulus 2</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3442 <p title="I-II q. 61 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="36066"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3443 "ref">[36066] Iª-IIae q. 61 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3444 sic proceditur. Videtur quod non sint quatuor virtutes cardinales.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3445 Prudentia enim est directiva aliarum virtutum moralium, ut ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3446 supradictis patet. Sed id quod est directivum aliorum, principalius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3447 est. Ergo prudentia sola est virtus principalis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3448 <p title="I-II q. 61 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="36067"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3449 "ref">[36067] Iª-IIae q. 61 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3450 virtutes principales sunt aliquo modo morales. Sed ad operationes
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3451 morales ordinamur per rationem practicam, et appetitum rectum, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3452 dicitur in VI Ethic. Ergo solae duae virtutes cardinales sunt.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3453 <p title="I-II q. 61 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="36068"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3454 "ref">[36068] Iª-IIae q. 61 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3455 inter alias etiam virtutes una est principalior altera. Sed ad hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3456 quod virtus dicatur principalis, non requiritur quod sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3457 principalis respectu omnium, sed respectu quarundam. Ergo videtur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3458 quod sint multo plures principales virtutes.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3459 <p title="I-II q. 61 a. 2 s. c."><a name="36069"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3460 "ref">[36069] Iª-IIae q. 61 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3461 est quod Gregorius dicit, in II Moral., <i>in quatuor virtutibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3462 tota boni operis structura consurgit</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3463 <p title="I-II q. 61 a. 2 co."><a name="36070"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3464 "ref">[36070] Iª-IIae q. 61 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3465 dicendum quod numerus aliquorum accipi potest aut secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3466 principia formalia aut secundum subiecta, et utroque modo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3467 inveniuntur quatuor cardinales virtutes. Principium enim formale
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3468 virtutis de qua nunc loquimur, est rationis bonum. Quod quidem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3469 dupliciter potest considerari. Uno modo, secundum quod in ipsa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3470 consideratione rationis consistit. Et sic erit una virtus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3471 principalis, quae dicitur prudentia. Alio modo, secundum quod circa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3472 aliquid ponitur rationis ordo. Et hoc vel circa operationes, et sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3473 est iustitia, vel circa passiones, et sic necesse est esse duas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3474 virtutes. Ordinem enim rationis necesse est ponere circa passiones,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3475 considerata repugnantia ipsarum ad rationem. Quae quidem potest
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3476 esse dupliciter. Uno modo secundum quod passio impellit ad aliquid
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3477 contrarium rationi, et sic necesse est quod passio reprimatur, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3478 ab hoc denominatur temperantia. Alio modo, secundum quod passio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3479 retrahit ab eo quod ratio dictat, sicut timor periculorum vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3480 laborum, et sic necesse est quod homo firmetur in eo quod est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3481 rationis, ne recedat; et ab hoc denominatur fortitudo. Similiter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3482 secundum subiecta, idem numerus invenitur. Quadruplex enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3483 invenitur subiectum huius virtutis de qua nunc loquimur, scilicet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3484 rationale per essentiam, quod prudentia perficit; et rationale per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3485 participationem, quod dividitur in tria; idest in voluntatem, quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3486 est subiectum iustitiae; et in concupiscibilem, quae est subiectum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3487 temperantiae; et in irascibilem, quae est subiectum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3488 fortitudinis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3489 <p title="I-II q. 61 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="36071"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3490 "ref">[36071] Iª-IIae q. 61 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3491 ergo dicendum quod prudentia est simpliciter principalior omnibus.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3492 Sed aliae ponuntur principales unaquaeque in suo genere.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3493 <p title="I-II q. 61 a. 2 ad 2"><a name="36072"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3494 "ref">[36072] Iª-IIae q. 61 a. 2 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3495 dicendum quod rationale per participationem dividitur in tria, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3496 dictum est.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3497 <p title="I-II q. 61 a. 2 ad 3"><a name="36073"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3498 "ref">[36073] Iª-IIae q. 61 a. 2 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3499 dicendum quod omnes aliae virtutes, quarum una est principalior
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3500 alia, reducuntur ad praedictas quatuor, et quantum ad subiectum, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3501 quantum ad rationes formales.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3502 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3503 <div class="E">Articulus 3</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3504 <p title="I-II q. 61 a. 3 arg. 1"><a name="36074"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3505 "ref">[36074] Iª-IIae q. 61 a. 3 arg. 1</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3506 sic proceditur. Videtur quod aliae virtutes debeant dici magis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3507 principales quam istae. Id enim quod est maximum in unoquoque
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3508 genere, videtur esse principalius. Sed magnanimitas operatur magnum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3509 in omnibus virtutibus, ut dicitur in IV Ethic. Ergo magnanimitas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3510 maxime debet dici principalis virtus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3511 <p title="I-II q. 61 a. 3 arg. 2"><a name="36075"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3512 "ref">[36075] Iª-IIae q. 61 a. 3 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3513 illud per quod aliae virtutes firmantur, videtur esse maxime
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3514 principalis virtus. Sed humilitas est huiusmodi, dicit enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3515 Gregorius quod <i>qui ceteras virtutes sine humilitate congregat,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3516 quasi paleas in ventum portat</i>. Ergo humilitas videtur esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3517 maxime principalis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3518 <p title="I-II q. 61 a. 3 arg. 3"><a name="36076"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3519 "ref">[36076] Iª-IIae q. 61 a. 3 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3520 illud videtur esse principale, quod est perfectissimum. Sed hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3521 pertinet ad patientiam; secundum illud Iacobi I, <i>patientia opus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3522 perfectum habet</i>. Ergo patientia debet poni principalis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3523 <p title="I-II q. 61 a. 3 s. c."><a name="36077"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3524 "ref">[36077] Iª-IIae q. 61 a. 3 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3525 est quod Tullius, in sua rhetorica, ad has quatuor omnes alias
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3526 reducit.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3527 <p title="I-II q. 61 a. 3 co."><a name="36078"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3528 "ref">[36078] Iª-IIae q. 61 a. 3 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3529 dicendum quod sicut supra dictum est, huiusmodi quatuor virtutes
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3530 cardinales accipiuntur secundum quatuor formales rationes virtutis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3531 de qua loquimur. Quae quidem in aliquibus actibus vel passionibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3532 principaliter inveniuntur. Sicut bonum consistens in consideratione
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3533 rationis, principaliter invenitur in ipso rationis imperio; non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3534 autem in consilio, neque in iudicio, ut supra dictum est. Similiter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3535 autem bonum rationis prout ponitur in operationibus secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3536 rationem recti et debiti, principaliter invenitur in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3537 commutationibus vel distributionibus quae sunt ad alterum cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3538 aequalitate. Bonum autem refraenandi passiones principaliter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3539 invenitur in passionibus quas maxime difficile est reprimere,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3540 scilicet in delectationibus tactus. Bonum autem firmitatis ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3541 standum in bono rationis contra impetum passionum, praecipue
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3542 invenitur in periculis mortis, contra quae difficillimum est stare.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3543 Sic igitur praedictas quatuor virtutes dupliciter considerare
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3544 possumus. Uno modo, secundum communes rationes formales. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3545 secundum hoc, dicuntur principales, quasi generales ad omnes
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3546 virtutes, utputa quod omnis virtus quae facit bonum in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3547 consideratione rationis, dicatur prudentia; et quod omnis virtus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3548 quae facit bonum debiti et recti in operationibus, dicatur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3549 iustitia; et omnis virtus quae cohibet passiones et deprimit,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3550 dicatur temperantia; et omnis virtus quae facit firmitatem animi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3551 contra quascumque passiones, dicatur fortitudo. Et sic multi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3552 loquuntur de istis virtutibus, tam sacri doctores quam etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3553 philosophi. Et sic aliae virtutes sub ipsis continentur unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3554 cessant omnes obiectiones. Alio vero modo possunt accipi, secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3555 quod istae virtutes denominantur ab eo quod est praecipuum in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3556 unaquaque materia. Et sic sunt speciales virtutes, contra alias
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3557 divisae. Dicuntur tamen principales respectu aliarum, propter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3558 principalitatem materiae, puta quod prudentia dicatur quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3559 praeceptiva est; iustitia, quae est circa actiones debitas inter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3560 aequales; temperantia, quae reprimit concupiscentias delectationum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3561 tactus; fortitudo, quae firmat contra pericula mortis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3562 <p title="I-II q. 61 a. 3 ad 1"><a name="36079"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3563 "ref">[36079] Iª-IIae q. 61 a. 3 ad 1</span></a> Et sic etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3564 cessant obiectiones, quia aliae virtutes possunt habere aliquas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3565 alias principalitates, sed istae dicuntur principales ratione
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3566 materiae, ut supra dictum est.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3567 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3568 <div class="E">Articulus 4</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3569 <p title="I-II q. 61 a. 4 arg. 1"><a name="36080"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3570 "ref">[36080] Iª-IIae q. 61 a. 4 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quartum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3571 sic proceditur. Videtur quod quatuor praedictae virtutes non sint
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3572 diversae virtutes, et ab invicem distinctae. Dicit enim Gregorius,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3573 in XXII Moral., <i>prudentia vera non est, quae iusta, temperans et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3574 fortis non est; nec perfecta temperantia, quae fortis, iusta et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3575 prudens non est; nec fortitudo integra, quae prudens, temperans et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3576 iusta non est; nec vera iustitia, quae prudens, fortis et temperans
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3577 non est</i>. Hoc autem non contingeret, si praedictae quatuor
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3578 virtutes essent ab invicem distinctae, diversae enim species
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3579 eiusdem generis non denominant se invicem. Ergo praedictae virtutes
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3580 non sunt ab invicem distinctae.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3581 <p title="I-II q. 61 a. 4 arg. 2"><a name="36081"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3582 "ref">[36081] Iª-IIae q. 61 a. 4 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3583 eorum quae ab invicem sunt distincta, quod est unius, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3584 attribuitur alteri. Sed illud quod est temperantiae, attribuitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3585 fortitudini, dicit enim Ambrosius, in I libro de Offic., <i>iure ea
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3586 fortitudo vocatur, quando unusquisque seipsum vincit, nullis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3587 illecebris emollitur atque inflectitur</i>. De temperantia etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3588 dicit quod modum vel ordinem servat <i>omnium quae vel agenda vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3589 dicenda arbitramur</i>. Ergo videtur quod huiusmodi virtutes non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3590 sunt ab invicem distinctae.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3591 <p title="I-II q. 61 a. 4 arg. 3"><a name="36082"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3592 "ref">[36082] Iª-IIae q. 61 a. 4 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3593 philosophus dicit, in II Ethic., quod ad virtutem haec requiruntur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3594 <i>primum quidem, si sciens; deinde, si eligens, et eligens propter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3595 hoc; tertium autem, si firme et immobiliter habeat et operetur</i>.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3596 Sed horum primum videtur ad prudentiam pertinere, quae est recta
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3597 ratio agibilium; secundum, scilicet eligere, ad temperantiam, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3598 aliquis non ex passione, sed ex electione agat, passionibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3599 refraenatis; tertium, ut aliquis propter debitum finem operetur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3600 rectitudinem quandam continet, quae videtur ad iustitiam pertinere
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3601 aliud, scilicet firmitas et immobilitas, pertinet ad fortitudinem.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3602 Ergo quaelibet harum virtutum est generalis ad omnes virtutes. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3603 non distinguuntur ad invicem.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3604 <p title="I-II q. 61 a. 4 s. c."><a name="36083"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3605 "ref">[36083] Iª-IIae q. 61 a. 4 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3606 est quod Augustinus dicit, in libro de moribus Eccles., quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3607 <i>quadripartita dicitur virtus, ex ipsius amoris vario
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3608 affectu</i>, et subiungit de praedictis quatuor virtutibus.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3609 Praedictae ergo quatuor virtutes sunt ab invicem distinctae.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3610 <p title="I-II q. 61 a. 4 co."><a name="36084"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3611 "ref">[36084] Iª-IIae q. 61 a. 4 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3612 dicendum quod, sicut supra dictum est, praedictae quatuor virtutes
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3613 dupliciter a diversis accipiuntur. Quidam enim accipiunt eas, prout
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3614 significant quasdam generales conditiones humani animi, quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3615 inveniuntur in omnibus virtutibus, ita scilicet quod prudentia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3616 nihil sit aliud quam quaedam rectitudo discretionis in quibuscumque
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3617 actibus vel materiis; iustitia vero sit quaedam rectitudo animi,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3618 per quam homo operatur quod debet in quacumque materia; temperantia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3619 vero sit quaedam dispositio animi quae modum quibuscumque
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3620 passionibus vel operationibus imponit, ne ultra debitum efferantur;
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3621 fortitudo vero sit quaedam dispositio animae per quam firmetur in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3622 eo quod est secundum rationem, contra quoscumque impetus passionum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3623 vel operationum labores. Haec autem quatuor sic distincta, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3624 important diversitatem habituum virtuosorum quantum ad iustitiam,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3625 temperantiam et fortitudinem. Cuilibet enim virtuti morali, ex hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3626 quod est habitus, convenit quaedam firmitas, ut a contrario non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3627 moveatur, quod dictum est ad fortitudinem pertinere. Ex hoc vero
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3628 quod est virtus, habet quod ordinetur ad bonum, in quo importatur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3629 ratio recti vel debiti, quod dicebatur ad iustitiam pertinere. In
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3630 hoc vero quod est virtus moralis rationem participans, habet quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3631 modum rationis in omnibus servet, et ultra se non extendat, quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3632 dicebatur pertinere ad temperantiam. Solum autem hoc quod est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3633 discretionem habere, quod attribuebatur prudentiae, videtur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3634 distingui ab aliis tribus, inquantum hoc est ipsius rationis per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3635 essentiam; alia vero tria important quandam participationem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3636 rationis, per modum applicationis cuiusdam ad passiones vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3637 operationes. Sic igitur, secundum praedicta, prudentia quidem esset
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3638 virtus distincta ab aliis tribus, sed aliae tres non essent
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3639 virtutes distinctae ab invicem; manifestum est enim quod una et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3640 eadem virtus et est habitus, et est virtus, et est moralis. Alii
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3641 vero, et melius, accipiunt has quatuor virtutes secundum quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3642 determinantur ad materias speciales; unaquaeque quidem illarum ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3643 unam materiam, in qua principaliter laudatur illa generalis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3644 conditio a qua nomen virtutis accipitur, ut supra dictum est. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3645 secundum hoc, manifestum est quod praedictae virtutes sunt diversi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3646 habitus, secundum diversitatem obiectorum distincti.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3647 <p title="I-II q. 61 a. 4 ad 1"><a name="36085"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3648 "ref">[36085] Iª-IIae q. 61 a. 4 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3649 ergo dicendum quod Gregorius loquitur de praedictis quatuor
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3650 virtutibus secundum primam acceptionem. Vel potest dici quod istae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3651 quatuor virtutes denominantur ab invicem per redundantiam quandam.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3652 Id enim quod est prudentiae, redundat in alias virtutes, inquantum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3653 a prudentia diriguntur. Unaquaeque vero aliarum redundat in alias
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3654 ea ratione, quod qui potest quod est difficilius, potest et id quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3655 minus est difficile. Unde qui potest refraenare concupiscentias
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3656 delectabilium secundum tactum, ne modum excedant, quod est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3657 difficillimum; ex hoc ipso redditur habilior ut refraenet audaciam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3658 in periculis mortis, ne ultra modum procedat, quod est longe
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3659 facilius; et secundum hoc, fortitudo dicitur temperata. Temperantia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3660 etiam dicitur fortis, ex redundantia fortitudinis in temperantiam,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3661 inquantum scilicet ille qui per fortitudinem habet animum firmum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3662 contra pericula mortis, quod est difficillimum, est habilior ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3663 retineat animi firmitatem contra impetus delectationum; quia, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3664 dicit Tullius in I de Offic., <i>non est consentaneum ut qui metu
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3665 non frangitur, cupiditate frangatur; nec qui invictum se a labore
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3666 praestiterit, vinci a voluptate</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3667 <p title="I-II q. 61 a. 4 ad 2"><a name="36086"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3668 "ref">[36086] Iª-IIae q. 61 a. 4 ad 2</span></a> Et per hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3669 etiam patet responsio ad secundum. Sic enim temperantia in omnibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3670 modum servat, et fortitudo contra illecebras voluptatum animum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3671 servat inflexum, vel inquantum istae virtutes denominant quasdam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3672 generales conditiones virtutum; vel per redundantiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3673 praedictam.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3674 <p title="I-II q. 61 a. 4 ad 3"><a name="36087"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3675 "ref">[36087] Iª-IIae q. 61 a. 4 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3676 dicendum quod illae quatuor generales virtutum conditiones quas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3677 ponit philosophus, non sunt propriae praedictis virtutibus. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3678 possunt eis appropriari, secundum modum iam dictum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3679 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3680 <div class="E">Articulus 5</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3681 <p title="I-II q. 61 a. 5 arg. 1"><a name="36088"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3682 "ref">[36088] Iª-IIae q. 61 a. 5 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quintum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3683 sic proceditur. Videtur quod inconvenienter huiusmodi quatuor
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3684 virtutes dividantur in virtutes exemplares, purgati animi,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3685 purgatorias, et politicas. Ut enim Macrobius dicit, in I super
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3686 somnium Scipionis, <i>virtutes exemplares sunt quae in ipsa divina
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3687 mente consistunt</i>. Sed philosophus, in X Ethic., dicit quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3688 <i>ridiculum est Deo iustitiam, fortitudinem, temperantiam et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3689 prudentiam attribuere</i>. Ergo virtutes huiusmodi non possunt esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3690 exemplares.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3691 <p title="I-II q. 61 a. 5 arg. 2"><a name="36089"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3692 "ref">[36089] Iª-IIae q. 61 a. 5 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3693 virtutes purgati animi dicuntur quae sunt absque passionibus, dicit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3694 enim ibidem Macrobius quod <i>temperantiae purgati animi est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3695 terrenas cupiditates non reprimere, sed penitus oblivisci;
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3696 fortitudinis autem passiones ignorare, non vincere</i>. Dictum est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3697 autem supra quod huiusmodi virtutes sine passionibus esse non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3698 possunt. Ergo huiusmodi virtutes purgati animi esse non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3699 possunt.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3700 <p title="I-II q. 61 a. 5 arg. 3"><a name="36090"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3701 "ref">[36090] Iª-IIae q. 61 a. 5 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3702 virtutes purgatorias dicit esse eorum <i>qui quadam humanorum fuga
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3703 solis se inserunt divinis</i>. Sed hoc videtur esse vitiosum, dicit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3704 enim Tullius, in I de Offic., <i>quod qui despicere se dicunt ea
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3705 quae plerique mirantur imperia et magistratus, his non modo non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3706 laudi, verum etiam vitio dandum puto</i>. Ergo non sunt aliquae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3707 virtutes purgatoriae.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3708 <p title="I-II q. 61 a. 5 arg. 4"><a name="36091"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3709 "ref">[36091] Iª-IIae q. 61 a. 5 arg. 4</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3710 virtutes politicas esse dicit <i>quibus boni viri reipublicae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3711 consulunt, urbesque tuentur</i>. Sed ad bonum commune sola iustitia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3712 legalis ordinatur; ut philosophus dicit, in V Ethic. Ergo aliae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3713 virtutes non debent dici politicae.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3714 <p title="I-II q. 61 a. 5 s. c."><a name="36092"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3715 "ref">[36092] Iª-IIae q. 61 a. 5 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3716 est quod Macrobius ibidem dicit, <i>Plotinus, inter philosophiae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3717 professores cum Platone princeps, quatuor sunt, inquit, quaternarum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3718 genera virtutum. Ex his primae politicae vocantur; secundae,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3719 purgatoriae; tertiae autem, iam purgati animi; quartae,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3720 exemplares</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3721 <p title="I-II q. 61 a. 5 co."><a name="36093"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3722 "ref">[36093] Iª-IIae q. 61 a. 5 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3723 dicendum quod, sicut Augustinus dicit in libro de moribus Eccles.,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3724 <i>oportet quod anima aliquid sequatur, ad hoc quod ei possit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3725 virtus innasci, et hoc Deus est, quem si sequimur, bene
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3726 vivimus</i>. Oportet igitur quod exemplar humanae virtutis in Deo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3727 praeexistat, sicut et in eo praeexistunt omnium rerum rationes. Sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3728 igitur virtus potest considerari vel prout est exemplariter in Deo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3729 et sic dicuntur virtutes exemplares. Ita scilicet quod ipsa divina
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3730 mens in Deo dicatur prudentia; temperantia vero, conversio divinae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3731 intentionis ad seipsum, sicut in nobis temperantia dicitur per hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3732 quod concupiscibilis conformatur rationi; fortitudo autem Dei est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3733 eius immutabilitas; iustitia vero Dei est observatio legis aeternae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3734 in suis operibus, sicut Plotinus dixit. Et quia homo secundum suam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3735 naturam est animal politicum, virtutes huiusmodi, prout in homine
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3736 existunt secundum conditionem suae naturae, politicae vocantur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3737 prout scilicet homo secundum has virtutes recte se habet in rebus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3738 humanis gerendis. Secundum quem modum hactenus de his virtutibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3739 locuti sumus. Sed quia ad hominem pertinet ut etiam ad divina se
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3740 trahat quantum potest, ut etiam philosophus dicit, in X Ethic.; et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3741 hoc nobis in sacra Scriptura multipliciter commendatur, ut est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3742 illud Matth. V, <i>estote perfecti, sicut et pater vester caelestis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3743 perfectus est</i>, necesse est ponere quasdam virtutes medias inter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3744 politicas, quae sunt virtutes humanae, et exemplares, quae sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3745 virtutes divinae. Quae quidem virtutes distinguuntur secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3746 diversitatem motus et termini. Ita scilicet quod quaedam sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3747 virtutes transeuntium et in divinam similitudinem tendentium, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3748 hae vocantur virtutes purgatoriae. Ita scilicet quod prudentia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3749 omnia mundana divinorum contemplatione despiciat, omnemque animae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3750 cogitationem in divina sola dirigat; temperantia vero relinquat,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3751 inquantum natura patitur, quae corporis usus requirit; fortitudinis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3752 autem est ut anima non terreatur propter excessum a corpore, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3753 accessum ad superna; iustitia vero est ut tota anima consentiat ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3754 huius propositi viam. Quaedam vero sunt virtutes iam assequentium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3755 divinam similitudinem, quae vocantur virtutes iam purgati animi.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3756 Ita scilicet quod prudentia sola divina intueatur; temperantia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3757 terrenas cupiditates nesciat; fortitudo passiones ignoret; iustitia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3758 cum divina mente perpetuo foedere societur, eam scilicet imitando.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3759 Quas quidem virtutes dicimus esse beatorum, vel aliquorum in hac
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3760 vita perfectissimorum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3761 <p title="I-II q. 61 a. 5 ad 1"><a name="36094"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3762 "ref">[36094] Iª-IIae q. 61 a. 5 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3763 ergo dicendum quod philosophus loquitur de his virtutibus secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3764 quod sunt circa res humanas, puta iustitia circa emptiones et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3765 venditiones, fortitudo circa timores, temperantia circa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3766 concupiscentias. Sic enim ridiculum est eas Deo attribuere.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3767 <p title="I-II q. 61 a. 5 ad 2"><a name="36095"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3768 "ref">[36095] Iª-IIae q. 61 a. 5 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3769 dicendum quod virtutes humanae sunt circa passiones, scilicet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3770 virtutes hominum in hoc mundo conversantium. Sed virtutes eorum qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3771 plenam beatitudinem assequuntur, sunt absque passionibus. Unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3772 Plotinus dicit quod passiones politicae virtutes molliunt, idest ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3773 medium reducunt; secundae, scilicet purgatoriae, auferunt; tertiae,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3774 quae sunt purgati animi, obliviscuntur; in quartis, scilicet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3775 exemplaribus, nefas est nominari. Quamvis dici possit quod loquitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3776 hic de passionibus secundum quod significant aliquos inordinatos
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3777 motus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3778 <p title="I-II q. 61 a. 5 ad 3"><a name="36096"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3779 "ref">[36096] Iª-IIae q. 61 a. 5 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3780 dicendum quod deserere res humanas ubi necessitas imponitur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3781 vitiosum est, alias est virtuosum. Unde parum supra Tullius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3782 praemittit, <i>his forsitan concedendum est rempublicam non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3783 capessentibus, qui excellenti ingenio doctrinae se dederunt; et his
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3784 qui aut valetudinis imbecillitate, aut aliqua graviori causa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3785 impediti, a republica recesserunt; cum eius administrandae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3786 potestatem aliis laudemque concederent</i>. Quod consonat ei quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3787 Augustinus dicit, XIX de Civ. Dei, <i>otium sanctum quaerit caritas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3788 veritatis; negotium iustum suscipit necessitas caritatis. Quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3789 sarcinam si nullus imponit, percipiendae atque intuendae vacandum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3790 est veritati, si autem imponitur, suscipienda est, propter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3791 caritatis necessitatem</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3792 <p title="I-II q. 61 a. 5 ad 4"><a name="36097"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3793 "ref">[36097] Iª-IIae q. 61 a. 5 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3794 dicendum quod sola iustitia legalis directe respicit bonum commune,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3795 sed per imperium omnes alias virtutes ad bonum commune trahit, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3796 in V Ethic. dicit philosophus. Est enim considerandum quod ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3797 politicas virtutes, secundum quod hic dicuntur, pertinet non solum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3798 bene operari ad commune, sed etiam bene operari ad partes communis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3799 scilicet ad domum, vel aliquam singularem personam.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3800 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3801 <div class="D">Quaestio 62</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3802 <div class="G">Prooemium</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3803 <p title="I-II q. 62 pr."><a name="36098"><span class="ref">[36098]
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3804 Iª-IIae q. 62 pr.</span></a> Deinde considerandum est de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3805 virtutibus theologicis. Et circa hoc quaeruntur quatuor. Primo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3806 utrum sint aliquae virtutes theologicae. Secundo, utrum virtutes
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3807 theologicae distinguantur ab intellectualibus et moralibus. Tertio,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3808 quot, et quae sint. Quarto, de ordine earum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3809 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3810 <div class="E">Articulus 1</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3811 <p title="I-II q. 62 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="36099"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3812 "ref">[36099] Iª-IIae q. 62 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3813 sic proceditur. Videtur quod non sint aliquae virtutes theologicae.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3814 Ut enim dicitur in VII Physic., <i>virtus est dispositio perfecti
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3815 ad optimum, dico autem perfectum, quod est dispositum secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3816 naturam</i>. Sed id quod est divinum, est supra naturam hominis.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3817 Ergo virtutes theologicae non sunt virtutes hominis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3818 <p title="I-II q. 62 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="36100"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3819 "ref">[36100] Iª-IIae q. 62 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3820 virtutes theologicae dicuntur quasi virtutes divinae. Sed virtutes
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3821 divinae sunt exemplares, ut dictum est, quae quidem non sunt in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3822 nobis, sed in Deo. Ergo virtutes theologicae non sunt virtutes
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3823 hominis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3824 <p title="I-II q. 62 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="36101"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3825 "ref">[36101] Iª-IIae q. 62 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3826 virtutes theologicae dicuntur quibus ordinamur in Deum, qui est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3827 primum principium et ultimus finis rerum. Sed homo ex ipsa natura
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3828 rationis et voluntatis, habet ordinem ad primum principium et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3829 ultimum finem. Non ergo requiruntur aliqui habitus virtutum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3830 theologicarum, quibus ratio et voluntas ordinetur in Deum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3831 <p title="I-II q. 62 a. 1 s. c."><a name="36102"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3832 "ref">[36102] Iª-IIae q. 62 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3833 est quod praecepta legis sunt de actibus virtutum. Sed de actibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3834 fidei, spei et caritatis dantur praecepta in lege divina, dicitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3835 enim Eccli. II, qui timetis Deum, credite illi; item, sperate in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3836 illum; item, diligite illum. Ergo fides, spes et caritas sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3837 virtutes in Deum ordinantes. Sunt ergo theologicae.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3838 <p title="I-II q. 62 a. 1 co."><a name="36103"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3839 "ref">[36103] Iª-IIae q. 62 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3840 dicendum quod per virtutem perficitur homo ad actus quibus in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3841 beatitudinem ordinatur, ut ex supradictis patet. Est autem duplex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3842 hominis beatitudo sive felicitas, ut supra dictum est. Una quidem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3843 proportionata humanae naturae, ad quam scilicet homo pervenire
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3844 potest per principia suae naturae. Alia autem est beatitudo naturam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3845 hominis excedens, ad quam homo sola divina virtute pervenire
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3846 potest, secundum quandam divinitatis participationem; secundum quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3847 dicitur II Petr. I, quod per Christum facti sumus consortes divinae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3848 naturae. Et quia huiusmodi beatitudo proportionem humanae naturae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3849 excedit, principia naturalia hominis, ex quibus procedit ad bene
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3850 agendum secundum suam proportionem, non sufficiunt ad ordinandum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3851 hominem in beatitudinem praedictam. Unde oportet quod superaddantur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3852 homini divinitus aliqua principia, per quae ita ordinetur ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3853 beatitudinem supernaturalem, sicut per principia naturalia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3854 ordinatur ad finem connaturalem, non tamen absque adiutorio divino.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3855 Et huiusmodi principia virtutes dicuntur theologicae, tum quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3856 habent Deum pro obiecto, inquantum per eas recte ordinamur in Deum;
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3857 tum quia a solo Deo nobis infunduntur; tum quia sola divina
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3858 revelatione, in sacra Scriptura, huiusmodi virtutes traduntur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3859 <p title="I-II q. 62 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="36104"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3860 "ref">[36104] Iª-IIae q. 62 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3861 ergo dicendum quod aliqua natura potest attribui alicui rei
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3862 dupliciter. Uno modo, essentialiter, et sic huiusmodi virtutes
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3863 theologicae excedunt hominis naturam. Alio modo, participative,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3864 sicut lignum ignitum participat naturam ignis, et sic quodammodo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3865 fit homo particeps divinae naturae, ut dictum est. Et sic istae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3866 virtutes conveniunt homini secundum naturam participatam.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3867 <p title="I-II q. 62 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="36105"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3868 "ref">[36105] Iª-IIae q. 62 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3869 dicendum quod istae virtutes non dicuntur divinae, sicut quibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3870 Deus sit virtuosus, sed sicut quibus nos efficimur virtuosi a Deo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3871 et in ordine ad Deum. Unde non sunt exemplares, sed exemplatae.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3872 <p title="I-II q. 62 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="36106"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3873 "ref">[36106] Iª-IIae q. 62 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3874 dicendum quod ad Deum naturaliter ratio et voluntas ordinatur prout
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3875 est naturae principium et finis, secundum tamen proportionem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3876 naturae. Sed ad ipsum secundum quod est obiectum beatitudinis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3877 supernaturalis, ratio et voluntas secundum suam naturam non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3878 ordinantur sufficienter.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3879 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3880 <div class="E">Articulus 2</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3881 <p title="I-II q. 62 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="36107"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3882 "ref">[36107] Iª-IIae q. 62 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3883 sic proceditur. Videtur quod virtutes theologicae non distinguantur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3884 a moralibus et intellectualibus. Virtutes enim theologicae, si sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3885 in anima humana, oportet quod perficiant ipsam vel secundum partem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3886 intellectivam vel secundum partem appetitivam. Sed virtutes quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3887 perficiunt partem intellectivam, dicuntur intellectuales, virtutes
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3888 autem quae perficiunt partem appetitivam, sunt morales. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3889 virtutes theologicae non distinguuntur a virtutibus moralibus et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3890 intellectualibus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3891 <p title="I-II q. 62 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="36108"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3892 "ref">[36108] Iª-IIae q. 62 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3893 virtutes theologicae dicuntur quae ordinant nos ad Deum. Sed inter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3894 intellectuales virtutes est aliqua quae ordinat nos ad Deum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3895 scilicet sapientia, quae est de divinis, utpote causam altissimam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3896 considerans. Ergo virtutes theologicae ab intellectualibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3897 virtutibus non distinguuntur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3898 <p title="I-II q. 62 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="36109"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3899 "ref">[36109] Iª-IIae q. 62 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3900 Augustinus, in libro de moribus Eccles., manifestat in quatuor
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3901 virtutibus cardinalibus quod sunt ordo amoris. Sed amor est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3902 caritas, quae ponitur virtus theologica. Ergo virtutes morales non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3903 distinguuntur a theologicis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3904 <p title="I-II q. 62 a. 2 s. c."><a name="36110"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3905 "ref">[36110] Iª-IIae q. 62 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3906 id quod est supra naturam hominis, distinguitur ab eo quod est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3907 secundum naturam hominis. Sed virtutes theologicae sunt super
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3908 naturam hominis, cui secundum naturam conveniunt virtutes
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3909 intellectuales et morales, ut ex supradictis patet. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3910 distinguuntur ab invicem.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3911 <p title="I-II q. 62 a. 2 co."><a name="36111"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3912 "ref">[36111] Iª-IIae q. 62 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3913 dicendum quod, sicut supra dictum est, habitus specie distinguuntur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3914 secundum formalem differentiam obiectorum. Obiectum autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3915 theologicarum virtutum est ipse Deus, qui est ultimus rerum finis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3916 prout nostrae rationis cognitionem excedit. Obiectum autem virtutum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3917 intellectualium et moralium est aliquid quod humana ratione
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3918 comprehendi potest. Unde virtutes theologicae specie distinguuntur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3919 a moralibus et intellectualibus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3920 <p title="I-II q. 62 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="36112"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3921 "ref">[36112] Iª-IIae q. 62 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3922 ergo dicendum quod virtutes intellectuales et morales perficiunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3923 intellectum et appetitum hominis secundum proportionem naturae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3924 humanae, sed theologicae supernaturaliter.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3925 <p title="I-II q. 62 a. 2 ad 2"><a name="36113"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3926 "ref">[36113] Iª-IIae q. 62 a. 2 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3927 dicendum quod sapientia quae a philosopho ponitur intellectualis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3928 virtus, considerat divina secundum quod sunt investigabilia ratione
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3929 humana. Sed theologica virtus est circa ea secundum quod rationem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3930 humanam excedunt.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3931 <p title="I-II q. 62 a. 2 ad 3"><a name="36114"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3932 "ref">[36114] Iª-IIae q. 62 a. 2 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3933 dicendum quod, licet caritas sit amor, non tamen omnis amor est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3934 caritas. Cum ergo dicitur quod omnis virtus est ordo amoris, potest
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3935 intelligi vel de amore communiter dicto; vel de amore caritatis. Si
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3936 de amore communiter dicto, sic dicitur quaelibet virtus esse ordo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3937 amoris, inquantum ad quamlibet cardinalium virtutum requiritur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3938 ordinata affectio, omnis autem affectionis radix et principium est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3939 amor, ut supra dictum est. Si autem intelligatur de amore
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3940 caritatis, non datur per hoc intelligi quod quaelibet alia virtus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3941 essentialiter sit caritas, sed quod omnes aliae virtutes
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3942 aliqualiter a caritate dependeant, ut infra patebit.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3943 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3944 <div class="E">Articulus 3</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3945 <p title="I-II q. 62 a. 3 arg. 1"><a name="36115"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3946 "ref">[36115] Iª-IIae q. 62 a. 3 arg. 1</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3947 sic proceditur. Videtur quod inconvenienter ponantur tres virtutes
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3948 theologicae, fides, spes et caritas. Virtutes enim theologicae se
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3949 habent in ordine ad beatitudinem divinam, sicut inclinatio naturae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3950 ad finem connaturalem. Sed inter virtutes ordinatas ad finem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3951 connaturalem, ponitur una sola virtus naturalis, scilicet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3952 intellectus principiorum. Ergo debet poni una sola virtus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3953 theologica.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3954 <p title="I-II q. 62 a. 3 arg. 2"><a name="36116"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3955 "ref">[36116] Iª-IIae q. 62 a. 3 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3956 theologicae virtutes sunt perfectiores virtutibus intellectualibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3957 et moralibus. Sed inter intellectuales virtutes fides non ponitur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3958 sed est aliquid minus virtute, cum sit cognitio imperfecta.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3959 Similiter etiam inter virtutes morales non ponitur spes, sed est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3960 aliquid minus virtute, cum sit passio. Ergo multo minus debent poni
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3961 virtutes theologicae.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3962 <p title="I-II q. 62 a. 3 arg. 3"><a name="36117"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3963 "ref">[36117] Iª-IIae q. 62 a. 3 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3964 virtutes theologicae ordinant animam hominis ad Deum. Sed ad Deum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3965 non potest anima hominis ordinari nisi per intellectivam partem, in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3966 qua est intellectus et voluntas. Ergo non debent esse nisi duae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3967 virtutes theologicae, una quae perficiat intellectum, alia quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3968 perficiat voluntatem.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3969 <p title="I-II q. 62 a. 3 s. c."><a name="36118"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3970 "ref">[36118] Iª-IIae q. 62 a. 3 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3971 est quod apostolus dicit, I ad Cor. XIII, <i>nunc autem manent
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3972 fides, spes, caritas, tria haec</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3973 <p title="I-II q. 62 a. 3 co."><a name="36119"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3974 "ref">[36119] Iª-IIae q. 62 a. 3 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3975 dicendum quod, sicut supra dictum est, virtutes theologicae hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3976 modo ordinant hominem ad beatitudinem supernaturalem, sicut per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3977 naturalem inclinationem ordinatur homo in finem sibi connaturalem.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3978 Hoc autem contingit secundum duo. Primo quidem, secundum rationem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3979 vel intellectum, inquantum continet prima principia universalia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3980 cognita nobis per naturale lumen intellectus, ex quibus procedit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3981 ratio tam in speculandis quam in agendis. Secundo, per rectitudinem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3982 voluntatis naturaliter tendentis in bonum rationis. Sed haec duo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3983 deficiunt ab ordine beatitudinis supernaturalis; secundum illud I
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3984 ad Cor. II, <i>oculus non vidit, et auris non audivit, et in cor
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3985 hominis non ascendit, quae praeparavit Deus diligentibus se</i>.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3986 Unde oportuit quod quantum ad utrumque, aliquid homini
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3987 supernaturaliter adderetur, ad ordinandum ipsum in finem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3988 supernaturalem. Et primo quidem, quantum ad intellectum, adduntur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3989 homini quaedam principia supernaturalia, quae divino lumine
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3990 capiuntur, et haec sunt credibilia, de quibus est fides. Secundo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3991 vero, voluntas ordinatur in illum finem et quantum ad motum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3992 intentionis, in ipsum tendentem sicut in id quod est possibile
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3993 consequi, quod pertinet ad spem, et quantum ad unionem quandam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3994 spiritualem, per quam quodammodo transformatur in illum finem, quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3995 fit per caritatem. Appetitus enim uniuscuiusque rei naturaliter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3996 movetur et tendit in finem sibi connaturalem, et iste motus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3997 provenit ex quadam conformitate rei ad suum finem.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3998 <p title="I-II q. 62 a. 3 ad 1"><a name="36120"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3999 "ref">[36120] Iª-IIae q. 62 a. 3 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4000 ergo dicendum quod intellectus indiget speciebus intelligibilibus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4001 per quas intelligat, et ideo oportet quod in eo ponatur aliquis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4002 habitus naturalis superadditus potentiae. Sed ipsa natura
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4003 voluntatis sufficit ad naturalem ordinem in finem, sive quantum ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4004 intentionem finis, sive quantum ad conformitatem ad ipsum. Sed in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4005 ordine ad ea quae supra naturam sunt, ad nihil horum sufficit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4006 natura potentiae. Et ideo oportet fieri superadditionem habitus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4007 supernaturalis quantum ad utrumque.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4008 <p title="I-II q. 62 a. 3 ad 2"><a name="36121"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4009 "ref">[36121] Iª-IIae q. 62 a. 3 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4010 dicendum quod fides et spes imperfectionem quandam important, quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4011 fides est de his quae non videntur, et spes de his quae non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4012 habentur. Unde habere fidem et spem de his quae subduntur humanae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4013 potestati, deficit a ratione virtutis. Sed habere fidem et spem de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4014 his quae sunt supra facultatem naturae humanae, excedit omnem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4015 virtutem homini proportionatam; secundum illud I ad Cor. I, <i>quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4016 infirmum est Dei, fortius est hominibus</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4017 <p title="I-II q. 62 a. 3 ad 3"><a name="36122"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4018 "ref">[36122] Iª-IIae q. 62 a. 3 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4019 dicendum quod ad appetitum duo pertinent, scilicet motus in finem;
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4020 et conformatio ad finem per amorem. Et sic oportet quod in appetitu
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4021 humano duae virtutes theologicae ponantur, scilicet spes et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4022 caritas.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4023 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4024 <div class="E">Articulus 4</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4025 <p title="I-II q. 62 a. 4 arg. 1"><a name="36123"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4026 "ref">[36123] Iª-IIae q. 62 a. 4 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quartum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4027 sic proceditur. Videtur quod non sit hic ordo theologicarum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4028 virtutum, quod fides sit prior spe, et spes prior caritate. Radix
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4029 enim est prior eo quod est ex radice. Sed caritas est radix omnium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4030 virtutum; secundum illud ad Ephes. III, <i>in caritate radicati et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4031 fundati</i>. Ergo caritas est prior aliis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4032 <p title="I-II q. 62 a. 4 arg. 2"><a name="36124"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4033 "ref">[36124] Iª-IIae q. 62 a. 4 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4034 Augustinus dicit, in I de Doct. Christ., <i>non potest aliquis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4035 diligere quod esse non crediderit. Porro si credit et diligit, bene
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4036 agendo efficit ut etiam speret</i>. Ergo videtur quod fides
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4037 praecedat caritatem, et caritas spem.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4038 <p title="I-II q. 62 a. 4 arg. 3"><a name="36125"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4039 "ref">[36125] Iª-IIae q. 62 a. 4 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4040 amor est principium omnis affectionis, ut supra dictum est. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4041 spes nominat quandam affectionem; est enim quaedam passio, ut supra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4042 dictum est. Ergo caritas, quae est amor, est prior spe.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4043 <p title="I-II q. 62 a. 4 s. c."><a name="36126"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4044 "ref">[36126] Iª-IIae q. 62 a. 4 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4045 est ordo quo apostolus ista enumerat, dicens, <i>nunc autem manent
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4046 fides, spes, caritas</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4047 <p title="I-II q. 62 a. 4 co."><a name="36127"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4048 "ref">[36127] Iª-IIae q. 62 a. 4 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4049 dicendum quod duplex est ordo, scilicet generationis, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4050 perfectionis. Ordine quidem generationis, quo materia est prior
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4051 forma, et imperfectum perfecto, in uno et eodem; fides praecedit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4052 spem, et spes caritatem, secundum actus (nam habitus simul
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4053 infunduntur). Non enim potest in aliquid motus appetitivus tendere
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4054 vel sperando vel amando, nisi quod est apprehensum sensu aut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4055 intellectu. Per fidem autem apprehendit intellectus ea quae sperat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4056 et amat. Unde oportet quod, ordine generationis, fides praecedat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4057 spem et caritatem. Similiter autem ex hoc homo aliquid amat, quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4058 apprehendit illud ut bonum suum. Per hoc autem quod homo ab aliquo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4059 sperat se bonum consequi posse, reputat ipsum in quo spem habet,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4060 quoddam bonum suum. Unde ex hoc ipso quod homo sperat de aliquo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4061 procedit ad amandum ipsum. Et sic, ordine generationis, secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4062 actus, spes praecedit caritatem. Ordine vero perfectionis, caritas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4063 praecedit fidem et spem, eo quod tam fides quam spes per caritatem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4064 formatur, et perfectionem virtutis acquirit. Sic enim caritas est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4065 mater omnium virtutum et radix, inquantum est omnium virtutum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4066 forma, ut infra dicetur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4067 <p title="I-II q. 62 a. 4 ad 1"><a name="36128"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4068 "ref">[36128] Iª-IIae q. 62 a. 4 ad 1</span></a> Et per hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4069 patet responsio ad primum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4070 <p title="I-II q. 62 a. 4 ad 2"><a name="36129"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4071 "ref">[36129] Iª-IIae q. 62 a. 4 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4072 dicendum quod Augustinus loquitur de spe qua quis sperat ex meritis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4073 iam habitis se ad beatitudinem perventurum, quod est spei formatae,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4074 quae sequitur caritatem. Potest autem aliquis sperare antequam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4075 habeat caritatem, non ex meritis quae iam habet, sed quae sperat se
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4076 habiturum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4077 <p title="I-II q. 62 a. 4 ad 3"><a name="36130"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4078 "ref">[36130] Iª-IIae q. 62 a. 4 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4079 dicendum quod, sicut supra dictum est, cum de passionibus ageretur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4080 spes respicit duo. Unum quidem sicut principale obiectum, scilicet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4081 bonum quod speratur. Et respectu huius, semper amor praecedit spem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4082 nunquam enim speratur aliquod bonum nisi desideratum et amatum.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4083 Respicit etiam spes illum a quo se sperat posse consequi bonum. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4084 respectu huius, primo quidem spes praecedit amorem; quamvis postea
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4085 ex ipso amore spes augeatur. Per hoc enim quod aliquis reputat per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4086 aliquem se posse consequi aliquod bonum, incipit amare ipsum, et ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4087 hoc ipso quod ipsum amat, postea fortius de eo sperat.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4088 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4089 <div class="D">Quaestio 63</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4090 <div class="G">Prooemium</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4091 <p title="I-II q. 63 pr."><a name="36131"><span class="ref">[36131]
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4092 Iª-IIae q. 63 pr.</span></a> Deinde considerandum est de causa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4093 virtutum. Et circa hoc quaeruntur quatuor. Primo, utrum virtus sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4094 in nobis a natura. Secundo, utrum aliqua virtus causetur in nobis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4095 ex assuetudine operum. Tertio, utrum aliquae virtutes morales sint
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4096 in nobis per infusionem. Quarto, utrum virtus quam acquirimus ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4097 assuetudine operum, sit eiusdem speciei cum virtute infusa.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4098 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4099 <div class="E">Articulus 1</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4100 <p title="I-II q. 63 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="36132"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4101 "ref">[36132] Iª-IIae q. 63 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4102 sic proceditur. Videtur quod virtus sit in nobis a natura. Dicit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4103 enim Damascenus, in III libro, <i>naturales sunt virtutes, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4104 aequaliter insunt omnibus</i>. Et Antonius dicit, in sermone ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4105 monachos, <i>si naturam voluntas mutaverit, perversitas est;
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4106 conditio servetur, et virtus est</i>. Et Matth. IV, super illud,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4107 <i>circuibat Iesus</i> etc., dicit Glossa, <i>docet naturales
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4108 iustitias, scilicet castitatem, iustitiam, humilitatem, quas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4109 naturaliter habet homo</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4110 <p title="I-II q. 63 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="36133"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4111 "ref">[36133] Iª-IIae q. 63 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4112 bonum virtutis est secundum rationem esse, ut ex dictis patet. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4113 id quod est secundum rationem, est homini naturale, cum ratio sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4114 hominis natura. Ergo virtus inest homini a natura.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4115 <p title="I-II q. 63 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="36134"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4116 "ref">[36134] Iª-IIae q. 63 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4117 illud dicitur esse nobis naturale, quod nobis a nativitate inest.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4118 Sed virtutes quibusdam a nativitate insunt, dicitur enim Iob XXXI,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4119 <i>ab infantia crevit mecum miseratio, et de utero egressa est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4120 mecum</i>. Ergo virtus inest homini a natura.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4121 <p title="I-II q. 63 a. 1 s. c."><a name="36135"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4122 "ref">[36135] Iª-IIae q. 63 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4123 id quod inest homini a natura, est omnibus hominibus commune, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4124 non tollitur per peccatum, quia etiam in Daemonibus bona naturalia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4125 manent, ut Dionysius dicit, in IV cap. de Div. Nom. Sed virtus non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4126 inest omnibus hominibus; et abiicitur per peccatum. Ergo non inest
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4127 homini a natura.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4128 <p title="I-II q. 63 a. 1 co."><a name="36136"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4129 "ref">[36136] Iª-IIae q. 63 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4130 dicendum quod circa formas corporales, aliqui dixerunt quod sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4131 totaliter ab intrinseco, sicut ponentes latitationem formarum.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4132 Aliqui vero, quod totaliter sint ab extrinseco, sicut ponentes
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4133 formas corporales esse ab aliqua causa separata. Aliqui vero, quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4134 partim sint ab intrinseco, inquantum scilicet praeexistunt in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4135 materia in potentia; et partim ab extrinseco, inquantum scilicet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4136 reducuntur ad actum per agens. Ita etiam circa scientias et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4137 virtutes, aliqui quidem posuerunt eas totaliter esse ab intrinseco,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4138 ita scilicet quod omnes virtutes et scientiae naturaliter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4139 praeexistunt in anima; sed per disciplinam et exercitium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4140 impedimenta scientiae et virtutis tolluntur, quae adveniunt animae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4141 ex corporis gravitate; sicut cum ferrum clarificatur per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4142 limationem. Et haec fuit opinio Platonicorum. Alii vero dixerunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4143 quod sunt totaliter ab extrinseco, idest ex influentia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4144 intelligentiae agentis, ut ponit Avicenna. Alii vero dixerunt quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4145 secundum aptitudinem scientiae et virtutes sunt in nobis a natura,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4146 non autem secundum perfectionem, ut philosophus dicit, in II Ethic.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4147 Et hoc verius est. Ad cuius manifestationem, oportet considerare
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4148 quod aliquid dicitur alicui homini naturale dupliciter, uno modo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4149 ex natura speciei; alio modo, ex natura individui. Et quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4150 unumquodque habet speciem secundum suam formam, individuatur vero
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4151 secundum materiam; forma vero hominis est anima rationalis, materia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4152 vero corpus, id quod convenit homini secundum animam rationalem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4153 est ei naturale secundum rationem speciei; id vero quod est ei
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4154 naturale secundum determinatam corporis complexionem, est ei
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4155 naturale secundum naturam individui. Quod enim est naturale homini
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4156 ex parte corporis secundum speciem, quodammodo refertur ad animam,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4157 inquantum scilicet tale corpus est tali animae proportionatum.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4158 Utroque autem modo virtus est homini naturalis secundum quandam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4159 inchoationem. Secundum quidem naturam speciei, inquantum in ratione
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4160 homini insunt naturaliter quaedam principia naturaliter cognita tam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4161 scibilium quam agendorum, quae sunt quaedam seminalia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4162 intellectualium virtutum et moralium; et inquantum in voluntate
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4163 inest quidam naturalis appetitus boni quod est secundum rationem.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4164 Secundum vero naturam individui, inquantum ex corporis dispositione
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4165 aliqui sunt dispositi vel melius vel peius ad quasdam virtutes,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4166 prout scilicet vires quaedam sensitivae actus sunt quarundam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4167 partium corporis, ex quarum dispositione adiuvantur vel impediuntur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4168 huiusmodi vires in suis actibus, et per consequens vires
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4169 rationales, quibus huiusmodi sensitivae vires deserviunt. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4170 secundum hoc, unus homo habet naturalem aptitudinem ad scientiam,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4171 alius ad fortitudinem, alius ad temperantiam. Et his modis tam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4172 virtutes intellectuales quam morales, secundum quandam aptitudinis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4173 inchoationem, sunt in nobis a natura. Non autem consummatio earum.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4174 Quia natura determinatur ad unum, consummatio autem huiusmodi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4175 virtutum non est secundum unum modum actionis, sed diversimode,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4176 secundum diversas materias in quibus virtutes operantur, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4177 secundum diversas circumstantias. Sic ergo patet quod virtutes in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4178 nobis sunt a natura secundum aptitudinem et inchoationem, non autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4179 secundum perfectionem, praeter virtutes theologicas, quae sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4180 totaliter ab extrinseco.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4181 <p title="I-II q. 63 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="36137"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4182 "ref">[36137] Iª-IIae q. 63 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Et per hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4183 patet responsio ad obiecta. Nam primae duae rationes procedunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4184 secundum quod seminalia virtutum insunt nobis a natura, inquantum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4185 rationales sumus. Tertia vero ratio procedit secundum quod ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4186 naturali dispositione corporis, quam habet ex nativitate, unus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4187 habet aptitudinem ad miserendum, alius ad temperate vivendum, alius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4188 ad aliam virtutem.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4189 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4190 <div class="E">Articulus 2</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4191 <p title="I-II q. 63 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="36138"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4192 "ref">[36138] Iª-IIae q. 63 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4193 sic proceditur. Videtur quod virtutes in nobis causari non possint
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4194 ex assuetudine operum. Quia super illud Rom. XIV, <i>omne quod non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4195 est ex fide, peccatum est</i>, dicit Glossa Augustini, <i>omnis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4196 infidelium vita peccatum est; et nihil est bonum sine summo bono.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4197 Ubi deest cognitio veritatis, falsa est virtus etiam in optimis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4198 moribus</i>. Sed fides non potest acquiri ex operibus, sed causatur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4199 in nobis a Deo; secundum illud Ephes. II, <i>gratia estis salvati
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4200 per fidem</i>. Ergo nulla virtus potest in nobis acquiri ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4201 assuetudine operum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4202 <p title="I-II q. 63 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="36139"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4203 "ref">[36139] Iª-IIae q. 63 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4204 peccatum, cum contrarietur virtuti, non compatitur secum virtutem.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4205 Sed homo non potest vitare peccatum nisi per gratiam Dei; secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4206 illud Sap. VIII, <i>didici quod non possum esse aliter continens,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4207 nisi Deus det</i>. Ergo nec virtutes aliquae possunt in nobis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4208 causari ex assuetudine operum; sed solum dono Dei.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4209 <p title="I-II q. 63 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="36140"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4210 "ref">[36140] Iª-IIae q. 63 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4211 actus qui sunt in virtutem, deficiunt a perfectione virtutis. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4212 effectus non potest esse perfectior causa. Ergo virtus non potest
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4213 causari ex actibus praecedentibus virtutem.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4214 <p title="I-II q. 63 a. 2 s. c."><a name="36141"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4215 "ref">[36141] Iª-IIae q. 63 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4216 est quod Dionysius dicit, IV cap. de Div. Nom., quod bonum est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4217 virtuosius quam malum. Sed ex malis actibus causantur habitus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4218 vitiorum. Ergo multo magis ex bonis actibus possunt causari habitus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4219 virtutum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4220 <p title="I-II q. 63 a. 2 co."><a name="36142"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4221 "ref">[36142] Iª-IIae q. 63 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4222 dicendum quod de generatione habituum ex actibus, supra in generali
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4223 dictum est. Nunc autem specialiter quantum ad virtutem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4224 considerandum est quod sicut supra dictum est, virtus hominis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4225 perficit ipsum ad bonum. Cum autem ratio boni consistat in modo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4226 specie et ordine, ut Augustinus dicit in libro de natura boni; sive
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4227 in numero, pondere et mensura, ut dicitur Sap. XI, oportet quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4228 bonum hominis secundum aliquam regulam consideretur. Quae quidem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4229 est duplex, ut supra dictum est, scilicet ratio humana, et lex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4230 divina. Et quia lex divina est superior regula, ideo ad plura se
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4231 extendit, ita quod quidquid regulatur ratione humana, regulatur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4232 etiam lege divina, sed non convertitur. Virtus igitur hominis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4233 ordinata ad bonum quod modificatur secundum regulam rationis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4234 humanae, potest ex actibus humanis causari, inquantum huiusmodi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4235 actus procedunt a ratione, sub cuius potestate et regula tale bonum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4236 consistit. Virtus vero ordinans hominem ad bonum secundum quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4237 modificatur per legem divinam, et non per rationem humanam, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4238 potest causari per actus humanos, quorum principium est ratio, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4239 causatur solum in nobis per operationem divinam. Et ideo, huiusmodi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4240 virtutem definiens, Augustinus posuit in definitione virtutis, quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4241 Deus in nobis sine nobis operatur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4242 <p title="I-II q. 63 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="36143"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4243 "ref">[36143] Iª-IIae q. 63 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Et de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4244 huiusmodi etiam virtutibus prima ratio procedit.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4245 <p title="I-II q. 63 a. 2 ad 2"><a name="36144"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4246 "ref">[36144] Iª-IIae q. 63 a. 2 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4247 dicendum quod virtus divinitus infusa, maxime si in sua perfectione
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4248 consideretur, non compatitur secum aliquod peccatum mortale. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4249 virtus humanitus acquisita potest secum compati aliquem actum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4250 peccati, etiam mortalis, quia usus habitus in nobis est nostrae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4251 voluntati subiectus, ut supra dictum est; non autem per unum actum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4252 peccati corrumpitur habitus virtutis acquisitae; habitui enim non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4253 contrariatur directe actus, sed habitus. Et ideo, licet sine gratia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4254 homo non possit peccatum mortale vitare, ita quod nunquam peccet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4255 mortaliter; non tamen impeditur quin possit habitum virtutis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4256 acquirere, per quam a malis operibus abstineat ut in pluribus, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4257 praecipue ab his quae sunt valde rationi contraria. Sunt etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4258 quaedam peccata mortalia quae homo sine gratia nullo modo potest
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4259 vitare, quae scilicet directe opponuntur virtutibus theologicis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4260 quae ex dono gratiae sunt in nobis. Hoc tamen infra manifestius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4261 fiet.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4262 <p title="I-II q. 63 a. 2 ad 3"><a name="36145"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4263 "ref">[36145] Iª-IIae q. 63 a. 2 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4264 dicendum quod, sicut dictum est, virtutum acquisitarum praeexistunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4265 in nobis quaedam semina sive principia, secundum naturam. Quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4266 quidem principia sunt nobiliora virtutibus eorum virtute
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4267 acquisitis, sicut intellectus principiorum speculabilium est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4268 nobilior scientia conclusionum; et naturalis rectitudo rationis est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4269 nobilior rectificatione appetitus quae fit per participationem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4270 rationis, quae quidem rectificatio pertinet ad virtutem moralem.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4271 Sic igitur actus humani, inquantum procedunt ex altioribus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4272 principiis, possunt causare virtutes acquisitas humanas.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4273 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4274 <div class="E">Articulus 3</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4275 <p title="I-II q. 63 a. 3 arg. 1"><a name="36146"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4276 "ref">[36146] Iª-IIae q. 63 a. 3 arg. 1</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4277 sic proceditur. Videtur quod praeter virtutes theologicas, non sint
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4278 aliae virtutes nobis infusae a Deo. Ea enim quae possunt fieri a
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4279 causis secundis, non fiunt immediate a Deo, nisi forte aliquando
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4280 miraculose, quia, ut Dionysius dicit, lex divinitatis est ultima
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4281 per media adducere. Sed virtutes intellectuales et morales possunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4282 in nobis causari per nostros actus, ut dictum est. Non ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4283 convenienter causantur in nobis per infusionem.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4284 <p title="I-II q. 63 a. 3 arg. 2"><a name="36147"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4285 "ref">[36147] Iª-IIae q. 63 a. 3 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4286 in operibus Dei multo minus est aliquid superfluum quam in operibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4287 naturae. Sed ad ordinandum nos in bonum supernaturale, sufficiunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4288 virtutes theologicae. Ergo non sunt aliae virtutes supernaturales,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4289 quas oporteat in nobis causari a Deo.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4290 <p title="I-II q. 63 a. 3 arg. 3"><a name="36148"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4291 "ref">[36148] Iª-IIae q. 63 a. 3 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4292 natura non facit per duo, quod potest facere per unum, et multo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4293 minus Deus. Sed Deus inseruit animae nostrae semina virtutum, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4294 dicit Glossa Heb. I. Ergo non oportet quod alias virtutes in nobis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4295 per infusionem causet.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4296 <p title="I-II q. 63 a. 3 s. c."><a name="36149"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4297 "ref">[36149] Iª-IIae q. 63 a. 3 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4298 est quod dicitur Sap. VIII, <i>sobrietatem et iustitiam docet,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4299 prudentiam et virtutem</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4300 <p title="I-II q. 63 a. 3 co."><a name="36150"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4301 "ref">[36150] Iª-IIae q. 63 a. 3 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4302 dicendum quod oportet effectus esse suis causis et principiis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4303 proportionatos. Omnes autem virtutes tam intellectuales quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4304 morales, quae ex nostris actibus acquiruntur, procedunt ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4305 quibusdam naturalibus principiis in nobis praeexistentibus, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4306 supra dictum est. Loco quorum naturalium principiorum, conferuntur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4307 nobis a Deo virtutes theologicae, quibus ordinamur ad finem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4308 supernaturalem, sicut supra dictum est. Unde oportet quod his etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4309 virtutibus theologicis proportionaliter respondeant alii habitus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4310 divinitus causati in nobis, qui sic se habeant ad virtutes
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4311 theologicas sicut se habent virtutes morales et intellectuales ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4312 principia naturalia virtutum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4313 <p title="I-II q. 63 a. 3 ad 1"><a name="36151"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4314 "ref">[36151] Iª-IIae q. 63 a. 3 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4315 ergo dicendum quod aliquae quidem virtutes morales et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4316 intellectuales possunt causari in nobis ex nostris actibus, tamen
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4317 illae non sunt proportionatae virtutibus theologicis. Et ideo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4318 oportet alias, eis proportionatas, immediate a Deo causari.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4319 <p title="I-II q. 63 a. 3 ad 2"><a name="36152"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4320 "ref">[36152] Iª-IIae q. 63 a. 3 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4321 dicendum quod virtutes theologicae sufficienter nos ordinant in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4322 finem supernaturalem, secundum quandam inchoationem, quantum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4323 scilicet ad ipsum Deum immediate. Sed oportet quod per alias
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4324 virtutes infusas perficiatur anima circa alias res, in ordine tamen
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4325 ad Deum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4326 <p title="I-II q. 63 a. 3 ad 3"><a name="36153"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4327 "ref">[36153] Iª-IIae q. 63 a. 3 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4328 dicendum quod virtus illorum principiorum naturaliter inditorum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4329 non se extendit ultra proportionem naturae. Et ideo in ordine ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4330 finem supernaturalem, indiget homo perfici per alia principia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4331 superaddita.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4332 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4333 <div class="E">Articulus 4</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4334 <p title="I-II q. 63 a. 4 arg. 1"><a name="36154"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4335 "ref">[36154] Iª-IIae q. 63 a. 4 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quartum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4336 sic proceditur. Videtur quod virtutes infusae non sint alterius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4337 speciei a virtutibus acquisitis. Virtus enim acquisita et virtus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4338 infusa, secundum praedicta, non videntur differre nisi secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4339 ordinem ad ultimum finem. Sed habitus et actus humani non recipiunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4340 speciem ab ultimo fine, sed a proximo. Non ergo virtutes morales
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4341 vel intellectuales infusae differunt specie ab acquisitis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4342 <p title="I-II q. 63 a. 4 arg. 2"><a name="36155"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4343 "ref">[36155] Iª-IIae q. 63 a. 4 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4344 habitus per actus cognoscuntur. Sed idem est actus temperantiae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4345 infusae, et acquisitae, scilicet moderari concupiscentias tactus.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4346 Ergo non differunt specie.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4347 <p title="I-II q. 63 a. 4 arg. 3"><a name="36156"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4348 "ref">[36156] Iª-IIae q. 63 a. 4 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4349 virtus acquisita et infusa differunt secundum illud quod est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4350 immediate a Deo factum, et a creatura. Sed idem est specie homo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4351 quem Deus formavit, et quem generat natura; et oculus quem caeco
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4352 nato dedit, et quem virtus formativa causat. Ergo videtur quod est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4353 eadem specie virtus acquisita, et infusa.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4354 <p title="I-II q. 63 a. 4 s. c."><a name="36157"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4355 "ref">[36157] Iª-IIae q. 63 a. 4 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4356 quaelibet differentia in definitione posita, mutata diversificat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4357 speciem. Sed in definitione virtutis infusae ponitur, quam Deus in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4358 nobis sine nobis operatur, ut supra dictum est. Ergo virtus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4359 acquisita, cui hoc non convenit, non est eiusdem speciei cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4360 infusa.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4361 <p title="I-II q. 63 a. 4 co."><a name="36158"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4362 "ref">[36158] Iª-IIae q. 63 a. 4 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4363 dicendum quod dupliciter habitus distinguuntur specie. Uno modo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4364 sicut praedictum est, secundum speciales et formales rationes
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4365 obiectorum. Obiectum autem virtutis cuiuslibet est bonum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4366 consideratum in materia propria, sicut temperantiae obiectum est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4367 bonum delectabilium in concupiscentiis tactus. Cuius quidem obiecti
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4368 formalis ratio est a ratione, quae instituit modum in his
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4369 concupiscentiis, materiale autem est id quod est ex parte
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4370 concupiscentiarum. Manifestum est autem quod alterius rationis est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4371 modus qui imponitur in huiusmodi concupiscentiis secundum regulam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4372 rationis humanae, et secundum regulam divinam. Puta in sumptione
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4373 ciborum, ratione humana modus statuitur ut non noceat valetudini
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4374 corporis, nec impediat rationis actum, secundum autem regulam legis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4375 divinae, requiritur quod homo castiget corpus suum, et in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4376 servitutem redigat, per abstinentiam cibi et potus, et aliorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4377 huiusmodi. Unde manifestum est quod temperantia infusa et acquisita
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4378 differunt specie, et eadem ratio est de aliis virtutibus. Alio modo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4379 habitus distinguuntur specie secundum ea ad quae ordinantur, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4380 enim est eadem specie sanitas hominis et equi, propter diversas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4381 naturas ad quas ordinantur. Et eodem modo dicit philosophus, in III
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4382 Polit., quod diversae sunt virtutes civium, secundum quod bene se
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4383 habent ad diversas politias. Et per hunc etiam modum differunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4384 specie virtutes morales infusae, per quas homines bene se habent in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4385 ordine ad hoc quod sint cives sanctorum et domestici Dei; et aliae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4386 virtutes acquisitae, secundum quas homo se bene habet in ordine ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4387 res humanas.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4388 <p title="I-II q. 63 a. 4 ad 1"><a name="36159"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4389 "ref">[36159] Iª-IIae q. 63 a. 4 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4390 ergo dicendum quod virtus infusa et acquisita non solum differunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4391 secundum ordinem ad ultimum finem; sed etiam secundum ordinem ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4392 propria obiecta, ut dictum est.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4393 <p title="I-II q. 63 a. 4 ad 2"><a name="36160"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4394 "ref">[36160] Iª-IIae q. 63 a. 4 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4395 dicendum quod alia ratione modificat concupiscentias delectabilium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4396 tactus temperantia acquisita, et temperantia infusa, ut dictum est.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4397 Unde non habent eundem actum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4398 <p title="I-II q. 63 a. 4 ad 3"><a name="36161"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4399 "ref">[36161] Iª-IIae q. 63 a. 4 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4400 dicendum quod oculum caeci nati Deus fecit ad eundem actum ad quem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4401 formantur alii oculi secundum naturam, et ideo fuit eiusdem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4402 speciei. Et eadem ratio esset, si Deus vellet miraculose causare in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4403 homine virtutes quales acquiruntur ex actibus. Sed ita non est in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4404 proposito, ut dictum est.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4405 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4406 <div class="D">Quaestio 64</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4407 <div class="G">Prooemium</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4408 <p title="I-II q. 64 pr."><a name="36162"><span class="ref">[36162]
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4409 Iª-IIae q. 64 pr.</span></a> Deinde considerandum est de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4410 proprietatibus virtutum. Et primo quidem, de medio virtutum;
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4411 secundo, de connexione virtutum; tertio, de aequalitate earum;
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4412 quarto, de ipsarum duratione. Circa primum quaeruntur quatuor.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4413 Primo, utrum virtutes morales sint in medio. Secundo, utrum medium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4414 virtutis moralis sit medium rei, vel rationis. Tertio, utrum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4415 intellectuales virtutes consistant in medio. Quarto, utrum virtutes
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4416 theologicae.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4417 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4418 <div class="E">Articulus 1</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4419 <p title="I-II q. 64 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="36163"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4420 "ref">[36163] Iª-IIae q. 64 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4421 sic proceditur. Videtur quod virtus moralis non consistat in medio.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4422 Ultimum enim repugnat rationi medii. Sed de ratione virtutis est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4423 ultimum, dicitur enim in I de caelo, quod virtus est ultimum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4424 potentiae. Ergo virtus moralis non consistit in medio.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4425 <p title="I-II q. 64 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="36164"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4426 "ref">[36164] Iª-IIae q. 64 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4427 illud quod est maximum, non est medium. Sed quaedam virtutes
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4428 morales tendunt in aliquod maximum, sicut magnanimitas est circa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4429 maximos honores, et magnificentia circa maximos sumptus, ut dicitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4430 in IV Ethic. Ergo non omnis virtus moralis est in medio.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4431 <p title="I-II q. 64 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="36165"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4432 "ref">[36165] Iª-IIae q. 64 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4433 si de ratione virtutis moralis sit in medio esse, oportet quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4434 virtus moralis non perficiatur, sed magis corrumpatur, per hoc quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4435 tendit ad extremum. Sed quaedam virtutes morales perficiuntur per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4436 hoc quod tendunt ad extremum, sicut virginitas, quae abstinet ab
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4437 omni delectabili venereo, et sic tenet extremum, et est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4438 perfectissima castitas. Et dare omnia pauperibus est perfectissima
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4439 misericordia vel liberalitas. Ergo videtur quod non sit de ratione
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4440 virtutis moralis esse in medio.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4441 <p title="I-II q. 64 a. 1 s. c."><a name="36166"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4442 "ref">[36166] Iª-IIae q. 64 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4443 est quod philosophus dicit, in II Ethic., quod <i>virtus moralis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4444 est habitus electivus in medietate existens</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4445 <p title="I-II q. 64 a. 1 co."><a name="36167"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4446 "ref">[36167] Iª-IIae q. 64 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4447 dicendum quod, sicut ex supradictis patet, virtus de sui ratione
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4448 ordinat hominem ad bonum. Moralis autem virtus proprie est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4449 perfectiva appetitivae partis animae circa aliquam determinatam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4450 materiam. Mensura autem et regula appetitivi motus circa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4451 appetibilia, est ipsa ratio. Bonum autem cuiuslibet mensurati et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4452 regulati consistit in hoc quod conformetur suae regulae, sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4453 bonum in artificiatis est ut consequantur regulam artis. Malum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4454 autem per consequens in huiusmodi est per hoc quod aliquid
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4455 discordat a sua regula vel mensura. Quod quidem contingit vel per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4456 hoc quod superexcedit mensuram, vel per hoc quod deficit ab ea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4457 sicut manifeste apparet in omnibus regulatis et mensuratis. Et ideo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4458 patet quod bonum virtutis moralis consistit in adaequatione ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4459 mensuram rationis. Manifestum est autem quod inter excessum et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4460 defectum medium est aequalitas sive conformitas. Unde manifeste
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4461 apparet quod virtus moralis in medio consistit.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4462 <p title="I-II q. 64 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="36168"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4463 "ref">[36168] Iª-IIae q. 64 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4464 ergo dicendum quod virtus moralis bonitatem habet ex regula
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4465 rationis, pro materia autem habet passiones vel operationes. Si
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4466 ergo comparetur virtus moralis ad rationem, sic, secundum id quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4467 rationis est, habet rationem extremi unius, quod est conformitas,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4468 excessus vero et defectus habet rationem alterius extremi, quod est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4469 difformitas. Si vero consideretur virtus moralis secundum suam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4470 materiam, sic habet rationem medii, inquantum passionem reducit ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4471 regulam rationis. Unde philosophus dicit, in II Ethic., quod virtus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4472 secundum substantiam medietas est, inquantum regula virtutis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4473 ponitur circa propriam materiam, secundum optimum autem et bene,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4474 est extremitas, scilicet secundum conformitatem rationis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4475 <p title="I-II q. 64 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="36169"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4476 "ref">[36169] Iª-IIae q. 64 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4477 dicendum quod medium et extrema considerantur in actionibus et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4478 passionibus secundum diversas circumstantias, unde nihil prohibet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4479 in aliqua virtute esse extremum secundum unam circumstantiam, quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4480 tamen est medium secundum alias circumstantias, per conformitatem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4481 ad rationem. Et sic est in magnificentia et magnanimitate. Nam si
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4482 consideretur quantitas absoluta eius in quod tendit magnificus et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4483 magnanimus, dicetur extremum et maximum, sed si consideretur hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4484 ipsum per comparationem ad alias circumstantias, sic habet rationem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4485 medii; quia in hoc tendunt huiusmodi virtutes secundum regulam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4486 rationis, idest ubi oportet, et quando oportet, et propter quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4487 oportet. Excessus autem, si in hoc maximum tendatur quando non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4488 oportet, vel ubi non oportet, vel propter quod non oportet;
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4489 defectus autem est, si non tendatur in hoc maximum ubi oportet, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4490 quando oportet. Et hoc est quod philosophus dicit, in IV Ethic.,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4491 quod <i>magnanimus est quidem magnitudine extremus; eo autem quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4492 ut oportet, medius</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4493 <p title="I-II q. 64 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="36170"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4494 "ref">[36170] Iª-IIae q. 64 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4495 dicendum quod eadem ratio est de virginitate et paupertate, quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4496 est de magnanimitate. Abstinet enim virginitas ab omnibus venereis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4497 et paupertas ab omnibus divitiis, propter quod oportet, et secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4498 quod oportet; idest secundum mandatum Dei, et propter vitam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4499 aeternam. Si autem hoc fiat secundum quod non oportet, idest
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4500 secundum aliquam superstitionem illicitam, vel etiam propter inanem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4501 gloriam; erit superfluum. Si autem non fiat quando oportet, vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4502 secundum quod oportet, est vitium per defectum, ut patet in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4503 transgredientibus votum virginitatis vel paupertatis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4504 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4505 <div class="E">Articulus 2</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4506 <p title="I-II q. 64 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="36171"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4507 "ref">[36171] Iª-IIae q. 64 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4508 sic proceditur. Videtur quod medium virtutis moralis non sit medium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4509 rationis, sed medium rei. Bonum enim virtutis moralis consistit in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4510 hoc quod est in medio. Bonum autem, ut dicitur in VI Metaphys., est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4511 in rebus ipsis. Ergo medium virtutis moralis est medium rei.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4512 <p title="I-II q. 64 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="36172"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4513 "ref">[36172] Iª-IIae q. 64 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4514 ratio est vis apprehensiva. Sed virtus moralis non consistit in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4515 medio apprehensionum; sed magis in medio operationum et passionum.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4516 Ergo medium virtutis moralis non est medium rationis, sed medium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4517 rei.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4518 <p title="I-II q. 64 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="36173"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4519 "ref">[36173] Iª-IIae q. 64 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4520 medium quod accipitur secundum proportionem arithmeticam vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4521 geometricam, est medium rei. Sed tale est medium iustitiae, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4522 dicitur in V Ethic. Ergo medium virtutis moralis non est medium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4523 rationis, sed rei.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4524 <p title="I-II q. 64 a. 2 s. c."><a name="36174"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4525 "ref">[36174] Iª-IIae q. 64 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4526 est quod philosophus dicit, in II Ethic., quod <i>virtus moralis in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4527 medio consistit quoad nos, determinata ratione</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4528 <p title="I-II q. 64 a. 2 co."><a name="36175"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4529 "ref">[36175] Iª-IIae q. 64 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4530 dicendum quod medium rationis dupliciter potest intelligi. Uno
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4531 modo, secundum quod medium in ipso actu rationis existit, quasi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4532 ipse actus rationis ad medium reducatur. Et sic, quia virtus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4533 moralis non perficit actum rationis, sed actum virtutis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4534 appetitivae; medium virtutis moralis non est medium rationis. Alio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4535 modo potest dici medium rationis id quod a ratione ponitur in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4536 aliqua materia. Et sic omne medium virtutis moralis est medium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4537 rationis, quia, sicut dictum est, virtus moralis dicitur consistere
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4538 in medio, per conformitatem ad rationem rectam. Sed quandoque
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4539 contingit quod medium rationis est etiam medium rei, et tunc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4540 oportet quod virtutis moralis medium sit medium rei; sicut est in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4541 iustitia. Quandoque autem medium rationis non est medium rei, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4542 accipitur per comparationem ad nos, et sic est medium in omnibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4543 aliis virtutibus moralibus. Cuius ratio est quia iustitia est circa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4544 operationes, quae consistunt in rebus exterioribus, in quibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4545 rectum institui debet simpliciter et secundum se, ut supra dictum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4546 est, et ideo medium rationis in iustitia est idem cum medio rei,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4547 inquantum scilicet iustitia dat unicuique quod debet, et non plus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4548 nec minus. Aliae vero virtutes morales consistunt circa passiones
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4549 interiores, in quibus non potest rectum constitui eodem modo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4550 propter hoc quod homines diversimode se habent ad passiones, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4551 ideo oportet quod rectitudo rationis in passionibus instituatur per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4552 respectum ad nos, qui afficimur secundum passiones.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4553 <p title="I-II q. 64 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="36176"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4554 "ref">[36176] Iª-IIae q. 64 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Et per hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4555 patet responsio ad obiecta. Nam, primae duae rationes procedunt de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4556 medio rationis quod scilicet invenitur in ipso actu rationis.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4557 Tertia vero ratio procedit de medio iustitiae.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4558 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4559 <div class="E">Articulus 3</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4560 <p title="I-II q. 64 a. 3 arg. 1"><a name="36177"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4561 "ref">[36177] Iª-IIae q. 64 a. 3 arg. 1</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4562 sic proceditur. Videtur quod virtutes intellectuales non consistant
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4563 in medio. Virtutes enim morales consistunt in medio, inquantum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4564 conformantur regulae rationis. Sed virtutes intellectuales sunt in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4565 ipsa ratione; et sic non videntur habere superiorem regulam. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4566 virtutes intellectuales non consistunt in medio.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4567 <p title="I-II q. 64 a. 3 arg. 2"><a name="36178"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4568 "ref">[36178] Iª-IIae q. 64 a. 3 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4569 medium virtutis moralis determinatur a virtute intellectuali,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4570 dicitur enim in II Ethic., quod <i>virtus consistit in medietate
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4571 determinata ratione, prout sapiens determinabit</i>. Si igitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4572 virtus intellectualis iterum consistat in medio, oportet quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4573 determinetur sibi medium per aliquam aliam virtutem. Et sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4574 procedetur in infinitum in virtutibus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4575 <p title="I-II q. 64 a. 3 arg. 3"><a name="36179"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4576 "ref">[36179] Iª-IIae q. 64 a. 3 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4577 medium proprie est inter contraria; ut patet per philosophum, in X
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4578 Metaphys. Sed in intellectu non videtur esse aliqua contrarietas,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4579 cum etiam ipsa contraria, secundum quod sunt in intellectu, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4580 sint contraria, sed simul intelligantur, ut album et nigrum, sanum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4581 et aegrum. Ergo in intellectualibus virtutibus non est medium.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4582 <p title="I-II q. 64 a. 3 s. c."><a name="36180"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4583 "ref">[36180] Iª-IIae q. 64 a. 3 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4584 est quod ars est virtus intellectualis, ut dicitur in VI Ethic.; et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4585 tamen artis est aliquod medium, ut dicitur in II Ethic. Ergo etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4586 virtus intellectualis consistit in medio.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4587 <p title="I-II q. 64 a. 3 co."><a name="36181"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4588 "ref">[36181] Iª-IIae q. 64 a. 3 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4589 dicendum quod bonum alicuius rei consistit in medio, secundum quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4590 conformatur regulae vel mensurae quam contingit transcendere et ab
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4591 ea deficere, sicut dictum est. Virtus autem intellectualis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4592 ordinatur ad bonum, sicut et moralis, ut supra dictum est. Unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4593 secundum quod bonum virtutis intellectualis se habet ad mensuram,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4594 sic se habet ad rationem medii. Bonum autem virtutis intellectualis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4595 est verum, speculativae quidem virtutis, verum absolute, ut in VI
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4596 Ethic. dicitur; practicae autem virtutis, verum secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4597 conformitatem ad appetitum rectum. Verum autem intellectus nostri
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4598 absolute consideratum, est sicut mensuratum a re, res enim est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4599 mensura intellectus nostri, ut dicitur in X Metaphys.; ex eo enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4600 quod res est vel non est, veritas est in opinione et in oratione.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4601 Sic igitur bonum virtutis intellectualis speculativae consistit in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4602 quodam medio, per conformitatem ad ipsam rem, secundum quod dicit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4603 esse quod est, vel non esse quod non est; in quo ratio veri
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4604 consistit. Excessus autem est secundum affirmationem falsam, per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4605 quam dicitur esse quod non est, defectus autem accipitur secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4606 negationem falsam, per quam dicitur non esse quod est. Verum autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4607 virtutis intellectualis practicae, comparatum quidem ad rem, habet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4608 rationem mensurati. Et sic eodem modo accipitur medium per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4609 conformitatem ad rem, in virtutibus intellectualibus practicis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4610 sicut in speculativis. Sed respectu appetitus, habet rationem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4611 regulae et mensurae. Unde idem medium, quod est virtutis moralis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4612 etiam est ipsius prudentiae, scilicet rectitudo rationis, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4613 prudentiae quidem est istud medium ut regulantis et mensurantis;
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4614 virtutis autem moralis, ut mensuratae et regulatae. Similiter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4615 excessus et defectus accipitur diversimode utrobique.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4616 <p title="I-II q. 64 a. 3 ad 1"><a name="36182"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4617 "ref">[36182] Iª-IIae q. 64 a. 3 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4618 ergo dicendum quod etiam virtus intellectualis habet suam mensuram,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4619 ut dictum est, et per conformitatem ad ipsam, accipitur in ipsa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4620 medium.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4621 <p title="I-II q. 64 a. 3 ad 2"><a name="36183"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4622 "ref">[36183] Iª-IIae q. 64 a. 3 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4623 dicendum quod non est necesse in infinitum procedere in virtutibus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4624 quia mensura et regula intellectualis virtutis non est aliquod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4625 aliud genus virtutis, sed ipsa res.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4626 <p title="I-II q. 64 a. 3 ad 3"><a name="36184"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4627 "ref">[36184] Iª-IIae q. 64 a. 3 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4628 dicendum quod ipsae res contrariae non habent contrarietatem in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4629 anima, quia unum est ratio cognoscendi alterum, et tamen in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4630 intellectu est contrarietas affirmationis et negationis, quae sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4631 contraria, ut dicitur in fine peri hermeneias. Quamvis enim esse et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4632 non esse non sint contraria, sed contradictorie opposita, si
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4633 considerentur ipsa significata prout sunt in rebus, quia alterum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4634 est ens, et alterum est pure non ens, tamen si referantur ad actum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4635 animae, utrumque ponit aliquid. Unde esse et non esse sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4636 contradictoria, sed opinio qua opinamur quod bonum est bonum, est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4637 contraria opinioni qua opinamur quod bonum non est bonum. Et inter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4638 huiusmodi contraria medium est virtus intellectualis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4639 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4640 <div class="E">Articulus 4</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4641 <p title="I-II q. 64 a. 4 arg. 1"><a name="36185"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4642 "ref">[36185] Iª-IIae q. 64 a. 4 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quartum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4643 sic proceditur. Videtur quod virtus theologica consistat in medio.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4644 Bonum enim aliarum virtutum consistit in medio. Sed virtus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4645 theologica excedit in bonitate alias virtutes. Ergo virtus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4646 theologica multo magis est in medio.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4647 <p title="I-II q. 64 a. 4 arg. 2"><a name="36186"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4648 "ref">[36186] Iª-IIae q. 64 a. 4 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4649 medium virtutis accipitur, moralis quidem secundum quod appetitus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4650 regulatur per rationem; intellectualis vero secundum quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4651 intellectus noster mensuratur a re. Sed virtus theologica et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4652 perficit intellectum, et appetitum, ut supra dictum est. Ergo etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4653 virtus theologica consistit in medio.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4654 <p title="I-II q. 64 a. 4 arg. 3"><a name="36187"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4655 "ref">[36187] Iª-IIae q. 64 a. 4 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4656 spes quae est virtus theologica, medium est inter desperationem et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4657 praesumptionem. Similiter etiam fides incedit media inter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4658 contrarias haereses, ut Boetius dicit, in libro de duabus naturis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4659 quod enim confitemur in Christo unam personam et duas naturas,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4660 medium est inter haeresim Nestorii, qui dicit duas personas et duas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4661 naturas; et haeresim Eutychis, qui dicit unam personam et unam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4662 naturam. Ergo virtus theologica consistit in medio.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4663 <p title="I-II q. 64 a. 4 s. c."><a name="36188"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4664 "ref">[36188] Iª-IIae q. 64 a. 4 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4665 in omnibus in quibus consistit virtus in medio, contingit peccare
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4666 per excessum, sicut et per defectum. Sed circa Deum, qui est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4667 obiectum virtutis theologicae, non contingit peccare per excessum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4668 dicitur enim Eccli. XLIII, <i>benedicentes Deum, exaltate illum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4669 quantum potestis, maior enim est omni laude</i>. Ergo virtus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4670 theologica non consistit in medio.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4671 <p title="I-II q. 64 a. 4 co."><a name="36189"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4672 "ref">[36189] Iª-IIae q. 64 a. 4 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4673 dicendum quod, sicut dictum est, medium virtutis accipitur per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4674 conformitatem ad suam regulam vel mensuram, secundum quod contingit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4675 ipsam transcendere vel ab ea deficere. Virtutis autem theologicae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4676 duplex potest accipi mensura. Una quidem secundum ipsam rationem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4677 virtutis. Et sic mensura et regula virtutis theologicae est ipse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4678 Deus, fides enim nostra regulatur secundum veritatem divinam,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4679 caritas autem secundum bonitatem eius, spes autem secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4680 magnitudinem omnipotentiae et pietatis eius. Et ista est mensura
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4681 excellens omnem humanam facultatem, unde nunquam potest homo tantum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4682 diligere Deum quantum diligi debet, nec tantum credere aut sperare
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4683 in ipsum, quantum debet. Unde multo minus potest ibi esse excessus.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4684 Et sic bonum talis virtutis non consistit in medio, sed tanto est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4685 melius, quanto magis acceditur ad summum. Alia vero regula vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4686 mensura virtutis theologicae est ex parte nostra, quia etsi non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4687 possumus ferri in Deum quantum debemus, debemus tamen ferri in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4688 ipsum credendo, sperando et amando, secundum mensuram nostrae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4689 conditionis. Unde per accidens potest in virtute theologica
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4690 considerari medium et extrema, ex parte nostra.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4691 <p title="I-II q. 64 a. 4 ad 1"><a name="36190"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4692 "ref">[36190] Iª-IIae q. 64 a. 4 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4693 ergo dicendum quod bonum virtutum intellectualium et moralium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4694 consistit in medio per conformitatem ad regulam vel mensuram quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4695 transcendere contingit. Quod non est in virtutibus theologicis, per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4696 se loquendo, ut dictum est.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4697 <p title="I-II q. 64 a. 4 ad 2"><a name="36191"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4698 "ref">[36191] Iª-IIae q. 64 a. 4 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4699 dicendum quod virtutes morales et intellectuales perficiunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4700 intellectum et appetitum nostrum in ordine ad mensuram et regulam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4701 creatam, virtutes autem theologicae in ordine ad mensuram et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4702 regulam increatam. Unde non est similis ratio.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4703 <p title="I-II q. 64 a. 4 ad 3"><a name="36192"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4704 "ref">[36192] Iª-IIae q. 64 a. 4 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4705 dicendum quod spes est media inter praesumptionem et desperationem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4706 ex parte nostra, inquantum scilicet aliquis praesumere dicitur ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4707 eo quod sperat a Deo bonum quod excedit suam conditionem; vel non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4708 sperat quod secundum suam conditionem sperare posset. Non autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4709 potest esse superabundantia spei ex parte Dei, cuius bonitas est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4710 infinita. Similiter etiam fides est media inter contrarias
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4711 haereses, non per comparationem ad obiectum, quod est Deus, cui non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4712 potest aliquis nimis credere, sed inquantum ipsa opinio humana est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4713 media inter contrarias opiniones, ut ex supradictis patet.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4714 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4715 <div class="D">Quaestio 65</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4716 <div class="G">Prooemium</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4717 <p title="I-II q. 65 pr."><a name="36193"><span class="ref">[36193]
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4718 Iª-IIae q. 65 pr.</span></a> Deinde considerandum est de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4719 connexione virtutum. Et circa hoc quaeruntur quinque. Primo, utrum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4720 virtutes morales sint ad invicem connexae. Secundo, utrum virtutes
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4721 morales possint esse sine caritate. Tertio, utrum caritas possit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4722 esse sine eis. Quarto, utrum fides et spes possint esse sine
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4723 caritate. Quinto, utrum caritas possit esse sine eis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4724 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4725 <div class="E">Articulus 1</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4726 <p title="I-II q. 65 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="36194"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4727 "ref">[36194] Iª-IIae q. 65 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4728 sic proceditur. Videtur quod virtutes morales non sint ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4729 necessitate connexae. Virtutes enim morales quandoque causantur ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4730 exercitio actuum, ut probatur in II Ethic. Sed homo potest
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4731 exercitari in actibus alicuius virtutis sine hoc quod exercitetur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4732 in actibus alterius virtutis. Ergo una virtus moralis potest haberi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4733 sine altera.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4734 <p title="I-II q. 65 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="36195"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4735 "ref">[36195] Iª-IIae q. 65 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4736 magnificentia et magnanimitas sunt quaedam virtutes morales. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4737 aliquis potest habere alias virtutes morales, sine hoc quod habeat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4738 magnificentiam et magnanimitatem, dicit enim philosophus, in IV
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4739 Ethic., quod inops non potest esse magnificus, qui tamen potest
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4740 habere quasdam alias virtutes; et quod <i>ille qui parvis est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4741 dignus, et his se dignificat, temperatus est, magnanimus autem non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4742 est</i>. Ergo virtutes morales non sunt connexae.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4743 <p title="I-II q. 65 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="36196"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4744 "ref">[36196] Iª-IIae q. 65 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4745 sicut virtutes morales perficiunt partem appetitivam animae, ita
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4746 virtutes intellectuales perficiunt partem intellectivam. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4747 virtutes intellectuales non sunt connexae, potest enim aliquis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4748 habere unam scientiam, sine hoc quod habeat aliam. Ergo etiam neque
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4749 virtutes morales sunt connexae.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4750 <p title="I-II q. 65 a. 1 arg. 4"><a name="36197"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4751 "ref">[36197] Iª-IIae q. 65 a. 1 arg. 4</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4752 si virtutes morales sint connexae, hoc non est nisi quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4753 connectuntur in prudentia. Sed hoc non sufficit ad connexionem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4754 virtutum moralium. Videtur enim quod aliquis possit esse prudens
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4755 circa agibilia quae pertinent ad unam virtutem, sine hoc quod sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4756 prudens in his quae pertinent ad aliam, sicut etiam aliquis potest
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4757 habere artem circa quaedam factibilia, sine hoc quod habeat artem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4758 circa alia. Prudentia autem est recta ratio agibilium. Ergo non est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4759 necessarium virtutes morales esse connexas.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4760 <p title="I-II q. 65 a. 1 s. c."><a name="36198"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4761 "ref">[36198] Iª-IIae q. 65 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4762 est quod Ambrosius dicit, super Lucam, <i>connexae sibi sunt,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4763 concatenataeque virtutes, ut qui unam habet, plures habere
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4764 videatur</i>. Augustinus etiam dicit, in VI de Trin., quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4765 <i>virtutes quae sunt in animo humano, nullo modo separantur ab
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4766 invicem</i>. Et Gregorius dicit, XXII Moral., quod <i>una virtus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4767 sine aliis aut omnino nulla est, aut imperfecta</i>. Et Tullius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4768 dicit, in II de Tuscul. quaest., <i>si unam virtutem confessus es
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4769 te non habere, nullam necesse est te habiturum</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4770 <p title="I-II q. 65 a. 1 co."><a name="36199"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4771 "ref">[36199] Iª-IIae q. 65 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4772 dicendum quod virtus moralis potest accipi vel perfecta vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4773 imperfecta. Imperfecta quidem moralis virtus, ut temperantia vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4774 fortitudo, nihil aliud est quam aliqua inclinatio in nobis existens
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4775 ad opus aliquod de genere bonorum faciendum, sive talis inclinatio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4776 sit in nobis a natura, sive ex assuetudine. Et hoc modo accipiendo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4777 virtutes morales, non sunt connexae, videmus enim aliquem ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4778 naturali complexione, vel ex aliqua consuetudine, esse promptum ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4779 opera liberalitatis, qui tamen non est promptus ad opera
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4780 castitatis. Perfecta autem virtus moralis est habitus inclinans in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4781 bonum opus bene agendum. Et sic accipiendo virtutes morales,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4782 dicendum est eas connexas esse; ut fere ab omnibus ponitur. Cuius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4783 ratio duplex assignatur, secundum quod diversimode aliqui virtutes
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4784 cardinales distinguunt. Ut enim dictum est, quidam distinguunt eas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4785 secundum quasdam generales conditiones virtutum, utpote quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4786 discretio pertineat ad prudentiam, rectitudo ad iustitiam,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4787 moderantia ad temperantiam, firmitas animi ad fortitudinem, in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4788 quacumque materia ista considerentur. Et secundum hoc, manifeste
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4789 apparet ratio connexionis, non enim firmitas habet laudem virtutis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4790 si sit sine moderatione, vel rectitudine, aut discretione; et eadem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4791 ratio est de aliis. Et hanc rationem connexionis assignat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4792 Gregorius, XXII Moral., dicens quod <i>virtutes, si sint
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4793 disiunctae, non possunt esse perfectae</i>, secundum rationem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4794 virtutis, <i>quia nec prudentia vera est quae iusta, temperans et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4795 fortis non est</i>; et idem subdit de aliis virtutibus. Et similem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4796 rationem assignat Augustinus, in VI de Trin. Alii vero distinguunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4797 praedictas virtutes secundum materias. Et secundum hoc assignatur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4798 ratio connexionis ab Aristotele, in VI Ethic. Quia sicut supra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4799 dictum est, nulla virtus moralis potest sine prudentia haberi, eo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4800 quod proprium virtutis moralis est facere electionem rectam, cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4801 sit habitus electivus; ad rectam autem electionem non solum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4802 sufficit inclinatio in debitum finem, quod est directe per habitum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4803 virtutis moralis; sed etiam quod aliquis directe eligat ea quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4804 sunt ad finem, quod fit per prudentiam, quae est consiliativa et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4805 iudicativa et praeceptiva eorum quae sunt ad finem. Similiter etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4806 prudentia non potest haberi nisi habeantur virtutes morales, cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4807 prudentia sit recta ratio agibilium, quae, sicut ex principiis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4808 procedit ex finibus agibilium, ad quos aliquis recte se habet per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4809 virtutes morales. Unde sicut scientia speculativa non potest haberi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4810 sine intellectu principiorum, ita nec prudentia sine virtutibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4811 moralibus. Ex quo manifeste sequitur virtutes morales esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4812 connexas.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4813 <p title="I-II q. 65 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="36200"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4814 "ref">[36200] Iª-IIae q. 65 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4815 ergo dicendum quod virtutum moralium quaedam perficiunt hominem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4816 secundum communem statum, scilicet quantum ad ea quae communiter in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4817 omni vita hominum occurrunt agenda. Unde oportet quod homo simul
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4818 exercitetur circa materias omnium virtutum moralium. Et si quidem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4819 circa omnes exercitetur bene operando, acquiret habitus omnium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4820 virtutum moralium. Si autem exercitetur bene operando circa unam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4821 materiam, non autem circa aliam, puta bene se habendo circa iras,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4822 non autem circa concupiscentias; acquiret quidem habitum aliquem ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4823 refrenandum iras, qui tamen non habebit rationem virtutis, propter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4824 defectum prudentiae, quae circa concupiscentias corrumpitur. Sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4825 etiam naturales inclinationes non habent perfectam rationem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4826 virtutis, si prudentia desit. Quaedam vero virtutes morales sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4827 quae perficiunt hominem secundum aliquem eminentem statum, sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4828 magnificentia, et magnanimitas. Et quia exercitium circa materias
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4829 harum virtutum non occurrit unicuique communiter, potest aliquis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4830 habere alias virtutes morales, sine hoc quod habitus harum virtutum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4831 habeat actu, loquendo de virtutibus acquisitis. Sed tamen,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4832 acquisitis aliis virtutibus, habet istas virtutes in potentia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4833 propinqua. Cum enim aliquis per exercitium adeptus est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4834 liberalitatem circa mediocres donationes et sumptus, si superveniat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4835 ei abundantia pecuniarum, modico exercitio acquiret magnificentiae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4836 habitum, sicut geometer modico studio acquirit scientiam alicuius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4837 conclusionis quam nunquam consideravit. Illud autem habere dicimur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4838 quod in promptu est ut habeamus; secundum illud philosophi, in II
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4839 Physic., <i>quod parum deest, quasi nihil deesse videtur</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4840 <p title="I-II q. 65 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="36201"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4841 "ref">[36201] Iª-IIae q. 65 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Et per hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4842 patet responsio ad secundum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4843 <p title="I-II q. 65 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="36202"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4844 "ref">[36202] Iª-IIae q. 65 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4845 dicendum quod virtutes intellectuales sunt circa diversas materias
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4846 ad invicem non ordinatas, sicut patet in diversis scientiis et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4847 artibus. Et ideo non invenitur in eis connexio quae invenitur in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4848 virtutibus moralibus existentibus circa passiones et operationes,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4849 quae manifeste habent ordinem ad invicem. Nam omnes passiones, a
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4850 quibusdam primis procedentes, scilicet amore et odio, ad quasdam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4851 alias terminantur, scilicet delectationem et tristitiam. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4852 similiter omnes operationes quae sunt virtutis moralis materia,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4853 habent ordinem ad invicem, et etiam ad passiones. Et ideo tota
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4854 materia moralium virtutum sub una ratione prudentiae cadit. Habent
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4855 tamen omnia intelligibilia ordinem ad prima principia. Et secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4856 hoc, omnes virtutes intellectuales dependent ab intellectu
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4857 principiorum; sicut prudentia a virtutibus moralibus, ut dictum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4858 est. Principia autem universalia, quorum est intellectus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4859 principiorum, non dependent a conclusionibus, de quibus sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4860 reliquae intellectuales virtutes; sicut morales dependent a
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4861 prudentia, eo quod appetitus movet quodammodo rationem, et ratio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4862 appetitum, ut supra dictum est.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4863 <p title="I-II q. 65 a. 1 ad 4"><a name="36203"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4864 "ref">[36203] Iª-IIae q. 65 a. 1 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4865 dicendum quod ea ad quae inclinant virtutes morales, se habent ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4866 prudentiam sicut principia, non autem factibilia se habent ad artem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4867 sicut principia, sed solum sicut materia. Manifestum est autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4868 quod, etsi ratio possit esse recta in una parte materiae, et non in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4869 alia; nullo tamen modo potest dici ratio recta, si sit defectus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4870 cuiuscumque principii. Sicut si quis erraret circa hoc principium,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4871 omne totum est maius sua parte, non posset habere scientiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4872 geometricam, quia oporteret multum recedere a veritate in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4873 sequentibus. Et praeterea, agibilia sunt ordinata ad invicem; non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4874 autem factibilia, ut dictum est. Et ideo defectus prudentiae circa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4875 unam partem agibilium, induceret defectum etiam circa alia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4876 agibilia. Quod in factibilibus non contingit.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4877 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4878 <div class="E">Articulus 2</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4879 <p title="I-II q. 65 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="36204"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4880 "ref">[36204] Iª-IIae q. 65 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4881 sic proceditur. Videtur quod virtutes morales possint esse sine
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4882 caritate. Dicitur enim in libro sententiarum prosperi, quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4883 <i>omnis virtus praeter caritatem, potest esse communis bonis et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4884 malis</i>. Sed caritas non potest esse nisi in bonis, ut dicitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4885 ibidem. Ergo aliae virtutes possunt haberi sine caritate.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4886 <p title="I-II q. 65 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="36205"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4887 "ref">[36205] Iª-IIae q. 65 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4888 virtutes morales possunt acquiri ex actibus humanis, ut dicitur in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4889 II Ethic. Sed caritas non habetur nisi ex infusione; secundum illud
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4890 Rom. V, <i>caritas Dei diffusa est in cordibus nostris per spiritum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4891 sanctum, qui datus est nobis</i>. Ergo aliae virtutes possunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4892 haberi sine caritate.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4893 <p title="I-II q. 65 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="36206"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4894 "ref">[36206] Iª-IIae q. 65 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4895 virtutes morales connectuntur ad invicem, inquantum dependent a
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4896 prudentia. Sed caritas non dependet a prudentia; immo prudentiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4897 excedit, secundum illud Ephes. III, <i>supereminentem scientiae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4898 caritatem Christi</i>. Ergo virtutes morales non connectuntur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4899 caritati, sed sine ea esse possunt.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4900 <p title="I-II q. 65 a. 2 s. c."><a name="36207"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4901 "ref">[36207] Iª-IIae q. 65 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4902 est quod dicitur I Ioan. III, <i>qui non diligit, manet in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4903 morte</i>. Sed per virtutes perficitur vita spiritualis, ipsae enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4904 sunt quibus recte vivitur, ut Augustinus dicit, in II de Lib.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4905 Arbit. Ergo non possunt esse sine dilectione caritatis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4906 <p title="I-II q. 65 a. 2 co."><a name="36208"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4907 "ref">[36208] Iª-IIae q. 65 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4908 dicendum quod, sicut supra dictum est, virtutes morales prout sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4909 operativae boni in ordine ad finem qui non excedit facultatem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4910 naturalem hominis, possunt per opera humana acquiri. Et sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4911 acquisitae sine caritate esse possunt, sicut fuerunt in multis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4912 gentilibus. Secundum autem quod sunt operativae boni in ordine ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4913 ultimum finem supernaturalem, sic perfecte et vere habent rationem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4914 virtutis; et non possunt humanis actibus acquiri, sed infunduntur a
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4915 Deo. Et huiusmodi virtutes morales sine caritate esse non possunt.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4916 Dictum est enim supra quod aliae virtutes morales non possunt esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4917 sine prudentia; prudentia autem non potest esse sine virtutibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4918 moralibus, inquantum virtutes morales faciunt bene se habere ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4919 quosdam fines, ex quibus procedit ratio prudentiae. Ad rectam autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4920 rationem prudentiae multo magis requiritur quod homo bene se habeat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4921 circa ultimum finem, quod fit per caritatem, quam circa alios
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4922 fines, quod fit per virtutes morales, sicut ratio recta in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4923 speculativis maxime indiget primo principio indemonstrabili, quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4924 est contradictoria non simul esse vera. Unde manifestum fit quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4925 nec prudentia infusa potest esse sine caritate; nec aliae virtutes
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4926 morales consequenter, quae sine prudentia esse non possunt. Patet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4927 igitur ex dictis quod solae virtutes infusae sunt perfectae, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4928 simpliciter dicendae virtutes, quia bene ordinant hominem ad finem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4929 ultimum simpliciter. Aliae vero virtutes, scilicet acquisitae, sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4930 secundum quid virtutes, non autem simpliciter, ordinant enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4931 hominem bene respectu finis ultimi in aliquo genere, non autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4932 respectu finis ultimi simpliciter. Unde Rom. XIV super illud,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4933 <i>omne quod non est ex fide, peccatum est</i>, dicit Glossa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4934 Augustini, <i>ubi deest agnitio veritatis, falsa est virtus etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4935 in bonis moribus</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4936 <p title="I-II q. 65 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="36209"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4937 "ref">[36209] Iª-IIae q. 65 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4938 ergo dicendum quod virtutes ibi accipiuntur secundum imperfectam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4939 rationem virtutis. Alioquin, si virtus moralis secundum perfectam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4940 rationem virtutis accipiatur, bonum facit habentem; et per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4941 consequens in malis esse non potest.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4942 <p title="I-II q. 65 a. 2 ad 2"><a name="36210"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4943 "ref">[36210] Iª-IIae q. 65 a. 2 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4944 dicendum quod ratio illa procedit de virtutibus moralibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4945 acquisitis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4946 <p title="I-II q. 65 a. 2 ad 3"><a name="36211"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4947 "ref">[36211] Iª-IIae q. 65 a. 2 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4948 dicendum quod, etsi caritas excedat scientiam et prudentiam, tamen
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4949 prudentia dependet a caritate, ut dictum est. Et per consequens,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4950 omnes virtutes morales infusae.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4951 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4952 <div class="E">Articulus 3</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4953 <p title="I-II q. 65 a. 3 arg. 1"><a name="36212"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4954 "ref">[36212] Iª-IIae q. 65 a. 3 arg. 1</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4955 sic proceditur. Videtur quod caritas sine aliis virtutibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4956 moralibus haberi possit. Ad id enim ad quod sufficit unum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4957 indebitum est quod plura ordinentur. Sed sola caritas sufficit ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4958 omnia opera virtutis implenda, ut patet per id quod dicitur I ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4959 Cor. XIII, <i>caritas patiens est, benigna est,</i> et cetera. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4960 videtur quod, habita caritate, aliae virtutes superfluerent.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4961 <p title="I-II q. 65 a. 3 arg. 2"><a name="36213"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4962 "ref">[36213] Iª-IIae q. 65 a. 3 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4963 qui habet habitum virtutis, de facili operatur ea quae sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4964 virtutis, et ei secundum se placent, unde et signum habitus est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4965 delectatio quae fit in opere, ut dicitur in II Ethic. Sed multi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4966 habent caritatem, absque peccato mortali existentes, qui tamen
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4967 difficultatem in operibus virtutum patiuntur, neque eis secundum se
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4968 placent, sed solum secundum quod referuntur ad caritatem. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4969 multi habent caritatem, qui non habent alias virtutes.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4970 <p title="I-II q. 65 a. 3 arg. 3"><a name="36214"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4971 "ref">[36214] Iª-IIae q. 65 a. 3 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4972 caritas in omnibus sanctis invenitur. Sed quidam sunt sancti qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4973 tamen aliquibus virtutibus carent, dicit enim Beda quod sancti
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4974 magis humiliantur de virtutibus quas non habent, quam de virtutibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4975 quas habent, glorientur. Ergo non est necessarium quod qui habet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4976 caritatem, omnes virtutes morales habeat.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4977 <p title="I-II q. 65 a. 3 s. c."><a name="36215"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4978 "ref">[36215] Iª-IIae q. 65 a. 3 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4979 est quod per caritatem tota lex impletur, dicitur enim Rom. XIII,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4980 <i>qui diligit proximum, legem implevit</i>. Sed tota lex impleri
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4981 non potest nisi per omnes virtutes morales, quia lex praecipit de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4982 omnibus actibus virtutum, ut dicitur in V Ethic. Ergo qui habet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4983 caritatem, habet omnes virtutes morales. Augustinus etiam dicit, in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4984 quadam epistola, quod caritas includit in se omnes virtutes
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4985 cardinales.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4986 <p title="I-II q. 65 a. 3 co."><a name="36216"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4987 "ref">[36216] Iª-IIae q. 65 a. 3 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4988 dicendum quod cum caritate simul infunduntur omnes virtutes
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4989 morales. Cuius ratio est quia Deus non minus perfecte operatur in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4990 operibus gratiae, quam in operibus naturae. Sic autem videmus in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4991 operibus naturae, quod non invenitur principium aliquorum operum in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4992 aliqua re, quin inveniantur in ea quae sunt necessaria ad huiusmodi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4993 opera perficienda, sicut in animalibus inveniuntur organa quibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4994 perfici possunt opera ad quae peragenda anima habet potestatem.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4995 Manifestum est autem quod caritas, inquantum ordinat hominem ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4996 finem ultimum, est principium omnium bonorum operum quae in finem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4997 ultimum ordinari possunt. Unde oportet quod cum caritate simul
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4998 infundantur omnes virtutes morales, quibus homo perficit singula
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4999 genera bonorum operum. Et sic patet quod virtutes morales infusae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5000 non solum habent connexionem propter prudentiam; sed etiam propter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5001 caritatem. Et quod qui amittit caritatem per peccatum mortale,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5002 amittit omnes virtutes morales infusas.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5003 <p title="I-II q. 65 a. 3 ad 1"><a name="36217"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5004 "ref">[36217] Iª-IIae q. 65 a. 3 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5005 ergo dicendum quod ad hoc quod actus inferioris potentiae sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5006 perfectus, requiritur quod non solum adsit perfectio in superiori
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5007 potentia, sed etiam in inferiori, si enim principale agens debito
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5008 modo se haberet, non sequeretur actio perfecta, si instrumentum non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5009 esset bene dispositum. Unde oportet ad hoc quod homo bene operetur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5010 in his quae sunt ad finem, quod non solum habeat virtutem qua bene
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5011 se habeat circa finem, sed etiam virtutes quibus bene se habeat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5012 circa ea quae sunt ad finem, nam virtus quae est circa finem, se
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5013 habet ut principalis et motiva respectu earum quae sunt ad finem.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5014 Et ideo cum caritate necesse est etiam habere alias virtutes
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5015 morales.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5016 <p title="I-II q. 65 a. 3 ad 2"><a name="36218"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5017 "ref">[36218] Iª-IIae q. 65 a. 3 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5018 dicendum quod quandoque contingit quod aliquis habens habitum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5019 patitur difficultatem in operando, et per consequens non sentit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5020 delectationem et complacentiam in actu, propter aliquod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5021 impedimentum extrinsecus superveniens, sicut ille qui habet habitum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5022 scientiae, patitur difficultatem in intelligendo, propter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5023 somnolentiam vel aliquam infirmitatem. Et similiter habitus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5024 moralium virtutum infusarum patiuntur interdum difficultatem in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5025 operando, propter aliquas dispositiones contrarias ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5026 praecedentibus actibus relictas. Quae quidem difficultas non ita
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5027 accidit in virtutibus moralibus acquisitis, quia per exercitium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5028 actuum, quo acquiruntur, tolluntur etiam contrariae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5029 dispositiones.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5030 <p title="I-II q. 65 a. 3 ad 3"><a name="36219"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5031 "ref">[36219] Iª-IIae q. 65 a. 3 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5032 dicendum quod aliqui sancti dicuntur aliquas virtutes non habere,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5033 inquantum patiuntur difficultatem in actibus earum, ratione iam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5034 dicta; quamvis habitus omnium virtutum habeant.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5035 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5036 <div class="E">Articulus 4</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5037 <p title="I-II q. 65 a. 4 arg. 1"><a name="36220"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5038 "ref">[36220] Iª-IIae q. 65 a. 4 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quartum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5039 sic proceditur. Videtur quod fides et spes nunquam sint sine
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5040 caritate. Cum enim sint virtutes theologicae, digniores esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5041 videntur virtutibus moralibus, etiam infusis. Sed virtutes morales
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5042 infusae non possunt esse sine caritate. Ergo neque fides et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5043 spes.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5044 <p title="I-II q. 65 a. 4 arg. 2"><a name="36221"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5045 "ref">[36221] Iª-IIae q. 65 a. 4 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5046 nullus credit nisi volens, sed caritas est in voluntate ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5047 Augustinus dicit, super Ioan. Sicut perfectio eius, ut supra dictum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5048 est. Ergo fides non potest esse sine caritate.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5049 <p title="I-II q. 65 a. 4 arg. 3"><a name="36222"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5050 "ref">[36222] Iª-IIae q. 65 a. 4 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5051 Augustinus dicit, in Enchirid., quod <i>spes sine amore esse non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5052 potest</i>. Amor autem est caritas, de hoc enim amore ibi loquitur.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5053 Ergo spes non potest esse sine caritate.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5054 <p title="I-II q. 65 a. 4 s. c."><a name="36223"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5055 "ref">[36223] Iª-IIae q. 65 a. 4 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5056 est quod Matth. I, dicitur in Glossa quod <i>fides generat spem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5057 spes vero caritatem</i>. Sed generans est prius generato, et potest
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5058 esse sine eo. Ergo fides potest esse sine spe; et spes sine
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5059 caritate.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5060 <p title="I-II q. 65 a. 4 co."><a name="36224"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5061 "ref">[36224] Iª-IIae q. 65 a. 4 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5062 dicendum quod fides et spes, sicut et virtutes morales, dupliciter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5063 considerari possunt. Uno modo, secundum inchoationem quandam; alio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5064 modo, secundum perfectum esse virtutis. Cum enim virtus ordinetur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5065 ad bonum opus agendum, virtus quidem perfecta dicitur ex hoc quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5066 potest in opus perfecte bonum, quod quidem est dum non solum bonum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5067 est quod fit, sed etiam bene fit. Alioquin, si bonum sit quod fit,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5068 non autem bene fiat, non erit perfecte bonum, unde nec habitus qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5069 est talis operis principium, habebit perfecte rationem virtutis.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5070 Sicut si aliquis operetur iusta, bonum quidem facit, sed non erit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5071 opus perfectae virtutis, nisi hoc bene faciat, idest secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5072 electionem rectam, quod est per prudentiam, et ideo iustitia sine
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5073 prudentia non potest esse virtus perfecta. Sic igitur fides et spes
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5074 sine caritate possunt quidem aliqualiter esse, perfectae autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5075 virtutis rationem sine caritate non habent. Cum enim fidei opus sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5076 credere Deo; credere autem sit alicui propria voluntate assentire,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5077 si non debito modo velit, non erit fidei opus perfectum. Quod autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5078 debito modo velit, hoc est per caritatem, quae perficit voluntatem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5079 omnis enim rectus motus voluntatis ex recto amore procedit, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5080 Augustinus dicit, in XIV de Civ. Dei. Sic igitur fides est quidem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5081 sine caritate, sed non perfecta virtus, sicut temperantia vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5082 fortitudo sine prudentia. Et similiter dicendum est de spe. Nam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5083 actus spei est expectare futuram beatitudinem a Deo. Qui quidem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5084 actus perfectus est, si fiat ex meritis quae quis habet, quod non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5085 potest esse sine caritate. Si autem hoc expectet ex meritis quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5086 nondum habet, sed proponit in futurum acquirere, erit actus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5087 imperfectus, et hoc potest esse sine caritate. Et ideo fides et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5088 spes possunt esse sine caritate, sed sine caritate, proprie
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5089 loquendo, virtutes non sunt; nam ad rationem virtutis pertinet ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5090 non solum secundum ipsam aliquod bonum operemur, sed etiam bene, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5091 dicitur in II Ethic.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5092 <p title="I-II q. 65 a. 4 ad 1"><a name="36225"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5093 "ref">[36225] Iª-IIae q. 65 a. 4 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5094 ergo dicendum quod virtutes morales dependent a prudentia,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5095 prudentia autem infusa nec rationem prudentiae habere potest absque
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5096 caritate, utpote deficiente debita habitudine ad primum principium,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5097 quod est ultimus finis. Fides autem et spes, secundum proprias
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5098 rationes, nec a prudentia nec a caritate dependent. Et ideo sine
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5099 caritate esse possunt; licet non sint virtutes sine caritate, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5100 dictum est.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5101 <p title="I-II q. 65 a. 4 ad 2"><a name="36226"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5102 "ref">[36226] Iª-IIae q. 65 a. 4 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5103 dicendum quod ratio illa procedit de fide quae habet perfectam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5104 rationem virtutis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5105 <p title="I-II q. 65 a. 4 ad 3"><a name="36227"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5106 "ref">[36227] Iª-IIae q. 65 a. 4 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5107 dicendum quod Augustinus loquitur ibi de spe, secundum quod aliquis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5108 expectat futuram beatitudinem per merita quae iam habet, quod non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5109 est sine caritate.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5110 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5111 <div class="E">Articulus 5</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5112 <p title="I-II q. 65 a. 5 arg. 1"><a name="36228"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5113 "ref">[36228] Iª-IIae q. 65 a. 5 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quintum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5114 sic proceditur. Videtur quod caritas possit esse sine fide et spe.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5115 Caritas enim est amor Dei. Sed Deus potest a nobis amari
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5116 naturaliter, etiam non praesupposita fide, vel spe futurae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5117 beatitudinis. Ergo caritas potest esse sine fide et spe.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5118 <p title="I-II q. 65 a. 5 arg. 2"><a name="36229"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5119 "ref">[36229] Iª-IIae q. 65 a. 5 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5120 caritas est radix omnium virtutum; secundum illud Ephes. III, <i>in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5121 caritate radicati et fundati</i>. Sed radix aliquando est sine
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5122 ramis. Ergo caritas potest esse aliquando sine fide et spe et aliis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5123 virtutibus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5124 <p title="I-II q. 65 a. 5 arg. 3"><a name="36230"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5125 "ref">[36230] Iª-IIae q. 65 a. 5 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5126 in Christo fuit perfecta caritas. Ipse tamen non habuit fidem et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5127 spem, quia fuit perfectus comprehensor, ut infra dicetur. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5128 caritas potest esse sine fide et spe.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5129 <p title="I-II q. 65 a. 5 s. c."><a name="36231"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5130 "ref">[36231] Iª-IIae q. 65 a. 5 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5131 est quod apostolus dicit, Heb. XI, <i>sine fide impossibile est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5132 placere Deo</i>; quod maxime pertinet ad caritatem, ut patet;
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5133 secundum illud Proverb. VIII, <i>ego diligentes me diligo</i>. Spes
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5134 etiam est quae introducit ad caritatem, ut supra dictum est. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5135 caritas non potest haberi sine fide et spe.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5136 <p title="I-II q. 65 a. 5 co."><a name="36232"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5137 "ref">[36232] Iª-IIae q. 65 a. 5 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5138 dicendum quod caritas non solum significat amorem Dei, sed etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5139 amicitiam quandam ad ipsum; quae quidem super amorem addit mutuam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5140 redamationem cum quadam mutua communicatione, ut dicitur in VIII
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5141 Ethic. Et quod hoc ad caritatem pertineat, patet per id quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5142 dicitur I Ioan. IV, <i>qui manet in caritate, in Deo manet, et Deus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5143 in eo</i>. Et I ad Cor. I dicitur, <i>fidelis Deus, per quem vocati
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5144 estis in societatem filii eius</i>. Haec autem societas hominis ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5145 Deum, quae est quaedam familiaris conversatio cum ipso, inchoatur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5146 quidem hic in praesenti per gratiam, perficietur autem in futuro
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5147 per gloriam, quorum utrumque fide et spe tenetur. Unde sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5148 aliquis non posset cum aliquo amicitiam habere, si discrederet vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5149 desperaret se posse habere aliquam societatem vel familiarem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5150 conversationem cum ipso; ita aliquis non potest habere amicitiam ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5151 Deum, quae est caritas, nisi fidem habeat, per quam credat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5152 huiusmodi societatem et conversationem hominis cum Deo, et speret
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5153 se ad hanc societatem pertinere. Et sic caritas sine fide et spe
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5154 nullo modo esse potest.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5155 <p title="I-II q. 65 a. 5 ad 1"><a name="36233"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5156 "ref">[36233] Iª-IIae q. 65 a. 5 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5157 ergo dicendum quod caritas non est qualiscumque amor Dei, sed amor
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5158 Dei quo diligitur ut beatitudinis obiectum, ad quod ordinamur per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5159 fidem et spem.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5160 <p title="I-II q. 65 a. 5 ad 2"><a name="36234"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5161 "ref">[36234] Iª-IIae q. 65 a. 5 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5162 dicendum quod caritas est radix fidei et spei, inquantum dat eis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5163 perfectionem virtutis. Sed fides et spes, secundum rationem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5164 propriam, praesupponuntur ad caritatem, ut supra dictum est. Et sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5165 caritas sine eis esse non potest.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5166 <p title="I-II q. 65 a. 5 ad 3"><a name="36235"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5167 "ref">[36235] Iª-IIae q. 65 a. 5 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5168 dicendum quod Christo defuit fides et spes, propter id quod est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5169 imperfectionis in eis. Sed loco fidei, habuit apertam visionem; et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5170 loco spei, plenam comprehensionem. Et sic fuit perfecta caritas in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5171 eo.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5172 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5173 <div class="D">Quaestio 66</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5174 <div class="G">Prooemium</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5175 <p title="I-II q. 66 pr."><a name="36236"><span class="ref">[36236]
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5176 Iª-IIae q. 66 pr.</span></a> Deinde considerandum est de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5177 aequalitate virtutum. Et circa hoc quaeruntur sex. Primo, utrum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5178 virtus possit esse maior vel minor. Secundo, utrum omnes virtutes
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5179 simul in eodem existentes, sint aequales. Tertio, de comparatione
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5180 virtutum moralium ad intellectuales. Quarto, de comparatione
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5181 virtutum moralium ad invicem. Quinto, de comparatione virtutum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5182 intellectualium ad invicem. Sexto, de comparatione virtutum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5183 theologicarum ad invicem.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5184 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5185 <div class="E">Articulus 1</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5186 <p title="I-II q. 66 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="36237"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5187 "ref">[36237] Iª-IIae q. 66 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5188 sic proceditur. Videtur quod virtus non possit esse maior vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5189 minor. Dicitur enim in Apoc. XXI, quod latera civitatis Ierusalem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5190 sunt aequalia. Per haec autem significantur virtutes, ut Glossa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5191 dicit ibidem. Ergo omnes virtutes sunt aequales. Non ergo potest
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5192 esse virtus maior virtute.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5193 <p title="I-II q. 66 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="36238"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5194 "ref">[36238] Iª-IIae q. 66 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5195 omne illud cuius ratio consistit in maximo, non potest esse maius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5196 vel minus. Sed ratio virtutis consistit in maximo, est enim virtus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5197 ultimum potentiae, ut philosophus dicit in I de caelo; et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5198 Augustinus etiam dicit, in II de Lib. Arb., quod <i>virtutes sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5199 maxima bona, quibus nullus potest male uti</i>. Ergo videtur quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5200 virtus non possit esse maior neque minor.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5201 <p title="I-II q. 66 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="36239"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5202 "ref">[36239] Iª-IIae q. 66 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5203 quantitas effectus pensatur secundum virtutem agentis. Sed virtutes
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5204 perfectae, quae sunt virtutes infusae, sunt a Deo, cuius virtus est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5205 uniformis et infinita. Ergo videtur quod virtus non possit esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5206 maior virtute.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5207 <p title="I-II q. 66 a. 1 s. c."><a name="36240"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5208 "ref">[36240] Iª-IIae q. 66 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5209 ubicumque potest esse augmentum et superabundantia, potest esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5210 inaequalitas. Sed in virtutibus invenitur superabundantia et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5211 augmentum, dicitur enim Matth. V, <i>nisi abundaverit iustitia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5212 vestra plus quam Scribarum et Pharisaeorum, non intrabitis in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5213 regnum caelorum</i>; et Proverb. XV dicitur, <i>in abundanti
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5214 iustitia virtus maxima est</i>. Ergo videtur quod virtus possit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5215 esse maior vel minor.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5216 <p title="I-II q. 66 a. 1 co."><a name="36241"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5217 "ref">[36241] Iª-IIae q. 66 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5218 dicendum quod cum quaeritur utrum virtus una possit esse maior
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5219 alia, dupliciter intelligi potest quaestio. Uno modo, in virtutibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5220 specie differentibus. Et sic manifestum est quod una virtus est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5221 alia maior. Semper enim est potior causa suo effectu, et in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5222 effectibus, tanto aliquid est potius, quanto est causae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5223 propinquius. Manifestum est autem ex dictis quod causa et radix
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5224 humani boni est ratio. Et ideo prudentia, quae perficit rationem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5225 praefertur in bonitate aliis virtutibus moralibus, perficientibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5226 vim appetitivam inquantum participat rationem. Et in his etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5227 tanto est una altera melior, quanto magis ad rationem accedit. Unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5228 et iustitia, quae est in voluntate, praefertur aliis virtutibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5229 moralibus, et fortitudo, quae est in irascibili, praefertur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5230 temperantiae, quae est in concupiscibili, quae minus participat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5231 rationem, ut patet in VII Ethic. Alio modo potest intelligi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5232 quaestio in virtute eiusdem speciei. Et sic, secundum ea quae dicta
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5233 sunt supra, cum de intensionibus habituum ageretur, virtus potest
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5234 dupliciter dici maior et minor, uno modo, secundum seipsam; alio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5235 modo, ex parte participantis subiecti. Si igitur secundum seipsam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5236 consideretur, magnitudo vel parvitas eius attenditur secundum ea ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5237 quae se extendit. Quicumque autem habet aliquam virtutem, puta
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5238 temperantiam, habet ipsam quantum ad omnia ad quae se temperantia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5239 extendit. Quod de scientia et arte non contingit, non enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5240 quicumque est grammaticus, scit omnia quae ad grammaticam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5241 pertinent. Et secundum hoc bene dixerunt Stoici, ut Simplicius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5242 dicit in commento praedicamentorum, quod virtus non recipit magis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5243 et minus, sicut scientia vel ars; eo quod ratio virtutis consistit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5244 in maximo. Si vero consideretur virtus ex parte subiecti
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5245 participantis, sic contingit virtutem esse maiorem vel minorem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5246 sive secundum diversa tempora, in eodem; sive in diversis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5247 hominibus. Quia ad attingendum medium virtutis, quod est secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5248 rationem rectam, unus est melius dispositus quam alius, vel propter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5249 maiorem assuetudinem, vel propter meliorem dispositionem naturae,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5250 vel propter perspicacius iudicium rationis, aut etiam propter maius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5251 gratiae donum, quod unicuique donatur secundum mensuram donationis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5252 Christi, ut dicitur ad Ephes. IV. Et in hoc deficiebant Stoici,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5253 aestimantes nullum esse virtuosum dicendum, nisi qui summe fuerit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5254 dispositus ad virtutem. Non enim exigitur ad rationem virtutis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5255 quod attingat rectae rationis medium in indivisibili, sicut Stoici
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5256 putabant, sed sufficit prope medium esse, ut in II Ethic. dicitur.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5257 Idem etiam indivisibile signum unus propinquius et promptius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5258 attingit quam alius, sicut etiam patet in sagittatoribus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5259 trahentibus ad certum signum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5260 <p title="I-II q. 66 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="36242"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5261 "ref">[36242] Iª-IIae q. 66 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5262 ergo dicendum quod aequalitas illa non est secundum quantitatem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5263 absolutam, sed est secundum proportionem intelligenda, quia omnes
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5264 virtutes proportionaliter crescunt in homine, ut infra dicetur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5265 <p title="I-II q. 66 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="36243"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5266 "ref">[36243] Iª-IIae q. 66 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5267 dicendum quod illud ultimum quod pertinet ad virtutem, potest
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5268 habere rationem magis vel minus boni secundum praedictos modos, cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5269 non sit ultimum indivisibile, ut dictum est.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5270 <p title="I-II q. 66 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="36244"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5271 "ref">[36244] Iª-IIae q. 66 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5272 dicendum quod Deus non operatur secundum necessitatem naturae, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5273 secundum ordinem suae sapientiae, secundum quam diversam mensuram
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5274 virtutis hominibus largitur, secundum illud ad Ephes. IV,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5275 <i>unicuique vestrum data est gratia secundum mensuram donationis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5276 Christi</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5277 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5278 <div class="E">Articulus 2</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5279 <p title="I-II q. 66 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="36245"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5280 "ref">[36245] Iª-IIae q. 66 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5281 sic proceditur. Videtur quod non omnes virtutes in uno et eodem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5282 sint aequaliter intensae. Dicit enim apostolus, I ad Cor. VII,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5283 <i>unusquisque habet proprium donum a Deo, alius quidem sic, alius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5284 autem sic</i>. Non esset autem unum donum magis proprium alicui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5285 quam aliud, si omnes virtutes dono Dei infusas quilibet aequaliter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5286 haberet. Ergo videtur quod non omnes virtutes sint aequales in uno
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5287 et eodem.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5288 <p title="I-II q. 66 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="36246"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5289 "ref">[36246] Iª-IIae q. 66 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5290 si omnes virtutes essent aeque intensae in uno et eodem, sequeretur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5291 quod quicumque excederet aliquem in una virtute, excederet ipsum in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5292 omnibus aliis virtutibus. Sed hoc patet esse falsum, quia diversi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5293 sancti de diversis virtutibus praecipue laudantur; sicut Abraham de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5294 fide, Moyses de mansuetudine, Iob de patientia. Unde et de quolibet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5295 confessore cantatur in Ecclesia, <i>non est inventus similis illi,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5296 qui conservaret legem excelsi</i>; eo quod quilibet habuit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5297 praerogativam alicuius virtutis. Non ergo omnes virtutes sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5298 aequales in uno et eodem.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5299 <p title="I-II q. 66 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="36247"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5300 "ref">[36247] Iª-IIae q. 66 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5301 quanto habitus est intensior, tanto homo secundum ipsum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5302 delectabilius et promptius operatur. Sed experimento patet quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5303 unus homo delectabilius et promptius operatur actum unius virtutis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5304 quam actum alterius. Non ergo omnes virtutes sunt aequales in uno
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5305 et eodem.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5306 <p title="I-II q. 66 a. 2 s. c."><a name="36248"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5307 "ref">[36248] Iª-IIae q. 66 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5308 est quod Augustinus dicit, in VI de Trin., quod <i>quicumque sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5309 aequales in fortitudine, aequales sunt in prudentia et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5310 temperantia</i>; et sic de aliis. Hoc autem non esset, nisi omnes
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5311 virtutes unius hominis essent aequales. Ergo omnes virtutes unius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5312 hominis sunt aequales.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5313 <p title="I-II q. 66 a. 2 co."><a name="36249"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5314 "ref">[36249] Iª-IIae q. 66 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5315 dicendum quod quantitas virtutum, sicut ex dictis patet, potest
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5316 attendi dupliciter. Uno modo, secundum rationem speciei. Et sic non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5317 est dubium quod una virtus unius hominis sit maior quam alia, sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5318 caritas fide et spe. Alio modo potest attendi secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5319 participationem subiecti, prout scilicet intenditur vel remittitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5320 in subiecto. Et secundum hoc, omnes virtutes unius hominis sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5321 aequales quadam aequalitate proportionis, inquantum aequaliter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5322 crescunt in homine, sicut digiti manus sunt inaequales secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5323 quantitatem, sed sunt aequales secundum proportionem, cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5324 proportionaliter augeantur. Huiusmodi autem aequalitatis oportet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5325 eodem modo rationem accipere, sicut et connexionis, aequalitas enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5326 est quaedam connexio virtutum secundum quantitatem. Dictum est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5327 autem supra quod ratio connexionis virtutum dupliciter assignari
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5328 potest. Uno modo, secundum intellectum eorum qui intelligunt per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5329 has quatuor virtutes, quatuor conditiones generales virtutum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5330 quarum una simul invenitur cum aliis in qualibet materia. Et sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5331 virtus in qualibet materia non potest aequalis dici, nisi habeat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5332 omnes istas conditiones aequales. Et hanc rationem aequalitatis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5333 virtutum assignat Augustinus, in VI de Trin., dicens, <i>si dixeris
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5334 aequales esse istos fortitudine, sed illum praestare prudentia;
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5335 sequitur quod huius fortitudo minus prudens sit. Ac per hoc, nec
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5336 fortitudine aequales sunt, quando est illius fortitudo prudentior.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5337 Atque ita de ceteris virtutibus invenies, si omnes eadem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5338 consideratione percurras</i>. Alio modo assignata est ratio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5339 connexionis virtutum secundum eos qui intelligunt huiusmodi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5340 virtutes habere materias determinatas. Et secundum hoc, ratio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5341 connexionis virtutum moralium accipitur ex parte prudentiae, et ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5342 parte caritatis quantum ad virtutes infusas, non autem ex parte
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5343 inclinationis, quae est ex parte subiecti, ut supra dictum est. Sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5344 igitur et ratio aequalitatis virtutum potest accipi ex parte
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5345 prudentiae, quantum ad id quod est formale in omnibus virtutibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5346 moralibus, existente enim ratione aequaliter perfecta in uno et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5347 eodem, oportet quod proportionaliter secundum rationem rectam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5348 medium constituatur in qualibet materia virtutum. Quantum vero ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5349 id quod est materiale in virtutibus moralibus, scilicet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5350 inclinationem ipsam ad actum virtutis; potest esse unus homo magis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5351 promptus ad actum unius virtutis quam ad actum alterius, vel ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5352 natura, vel ex consuetudine, vel etiam ex gratiae dono.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5353 <p title="I-II q. 66 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="36250"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5354 "ref">[36250] Iª-IIae q. 66 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5355 ergo dicendum quod verbum apostoli potest intelligi de donis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5356 gratiae gratis datae, quae non sunt communia omnibus, nec omnia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5357 aequalia in uno et eodem. Vel potest dici quod refertur ad mensuram
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5358 gratiae gratum facientis; secundum quam unus abundat in omnibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5359 virtutibus plus quam alius, propter maiorem abundantiam prudentiae,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5360 vel etiam caritatis, in qua connectuntur omnes virtutes
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5361 infusae.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5362 <p title="I-II q. 66 a. 2 ad 2"><a name="36251"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5363 "ref">[36251] Iª-IIae q. 66 a. 2 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5364 dicendum quod unus sanctus laudatur praecipue de una virtute, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5365 alius de alia, propter excellentiorem promptitudinem ad actum unius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5366 virtutis, quam ad actum alterius.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5367 <p title="I-II q. 66 a. 2 ad 3"><a name="36252"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5368 "ref">[36252] Iª-IIae q. 66 a. 2 ad 3</span></a> Et per hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5369 etiam patet responsio ad tertium.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5370 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5371 <div class="E">Articulus 3</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5372 <p title="I-II q. 66 a. 3 arg. 1"><a name="36253"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5373 "ref">[36253] Iª-IIae q. 66 a. 3 arg. 1</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5374 sic proceditur. Videtur quod virtutes morales praeemineant
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5375 intellectualibus. Quod enim magis est necessarium, et permanentius,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5376 est melius. Sed virtutes morales sunt permanentiores etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5377 disciplinis, quae sunt virtutes intellectuales, et sunt etiam magis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5378 necessariae ad vitam humanam. Ergo sunt praeferendae virtutibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5379 intellectualibus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5380 <p title="I-II q. 66 a. 3 arg. 2"><a name="36254"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5381 "ref">[36254] Iª-IIae q. 66 a. 3 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5382 de ratione virtutis est quod bonum faciat habentem. Sed secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5383 virtutes morales dicitur homo bonus, non autem secundum virtutes
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5384 intellectuales, nisi forte secundum solam prudentiam. Ergo virtus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5385 moralis est melior quam intellectualis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5386 <p title="I-II q. 66 a. 3 arg. 3"><a name="36255"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5387 "ref">[36255] Iª-IIae q. 66 a. 3 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5388 finis est nobilior his quae sunt ad finem. Sed sicut dicitur in VI
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5389 Ethic., <i>virtus moralis facit rectam intentionem finis; prudentia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5390 autem facit rectam electionem eorum quae sunt ad finem</i>. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5391 virtus moralis est nobilior prudentia, quae est virtus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5392 intellectualis circa moralia.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5393 <p title="I-II q. 66 a. 3 s. c."><a name="36256"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5394 "ref">[36256] Iª-IIae q. 66 a. 3 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5395 virtus moralis est in rationali per participationem; virtus autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5396 intellectualis in rationali per essentiam, sicut dicitur in I
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5397 Ethic. Sed rationale per essentiam est nobilius quam rationale per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5398 participationem. Ergo virtus intellectualis est nobilior virtute
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5399 morali.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5400 <p title="I-II q. 66 a. 3 co."><a name="36257"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5401 "ref">[36257] Iª-IIae q. 66 a. 3 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5402 dicendum quod aliquid potest dici maius vel minus, dupliciter, uno
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5403 modo, simpliciter; alio modo, secundum quid. Nihil enim prohibet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5404 aliquid esse melius simpliciter, ut philosophari quam ditari, quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5405 tamen non est melius secundum quid, idest necessitatem patienti.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5406 Simpliciter autem consideratur unumquodque, quando consideratur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5407 secundum propriam rationem suae speciei. Habet autem virtus speciem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5408 ex obiecto, ut ex dictis patet. Unde, simpliciter loquendo, illa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5409 virtus nobilior est quae habet nobilius obiectum. Manifestum est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5410 autem quod obiectum rationis est nobilius quam obiectum appetitus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5411 ratio enim apprehendit aliquid in universali; sed appetitus tendit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5412 in res, quae habent esse particulare. Unde, simpliciter loquendo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5413 virtutes intellectuales, quae perficiunt rationem, sunt nobiliores
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5414 quam morales, quae perficiunt appetitum. Sed si consideretur virtus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5415 in ordine ad actum, sic virtus moralis, quae perficit appetitum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5416 cuius est movere alias potentias ad actum, ut supra dictum est,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5417 nobilior est. Et quia virtus dicitur ex eo quod est principium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5418 alicuius actus, cum sit perfectio potentiae, sequitur etiam quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5419 ratio virtutis magis competat virtutibus moralibus quam virtutibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5420 intellectualibus, quamvis virtutes intellectuales sint nobiliores
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5421 habitus simpliciter.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5422 <p title="I-II q. 66 a. 3 ad 1"><a name="36258"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5423 "ref">[36258] Iª-IIae q. 66 a. 3 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5424 ergo dicendum quod virtutes morales sunt magis permanentes quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5425 intellectuales, propter exercitium earum in his quae pertinent ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5426 vitam communem. Sed manifestum est quod obiecta disciplinarum, quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5427 sunt necessaria et semper eodem modo se habentia, sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5428 permanentiora quam obiecta virtutum moralium, quae sunt quaedam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5429 particularia agibilia. Quod autem virtutes morales sunt magis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5430 necessariae ad vitam humanam, non ostendit eas esse nobiliores
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5431 simpliciter, sed quoad hoc. Quinimmo virtutes intellectuales
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5432 speculativae, ex hoc ipso quod non ordinantur ad aliud sicut utile
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5433 ordinatur ad finem, sunt digniores. Hoc enim contingit quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5434 secundum eas quodammodo inchoatur in nobis beatitudo, quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5435 consistit in cognitione veritatis, sicut supra dictum est.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5436 <p title="I-II q. 66 a. 3 ad 2"><a name="36259"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5437 "ref">[36259] Iª-IIae q. 66 a. 3 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5438 dicendum quod secundum virtutes morales dicitur homo bonus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5439 simpliciter, et non secundum intellectuales, ea ratione, quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5440 appetitus movet alias potentias ad suum actum, ut supra dictum est.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5441 Unde per hoc etiam non probatur nisi quod virtus moralis sit melior
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5442 secundum quid.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5443 <p title="I-II q. 66 a. 3 ad 3"><a name="36260"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5444 "ref">[36260] Iª-IIae q. 66 a. 3 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5445 dicendum quod prudentia non solum dirigit virtutes morales in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5446 eligendo ea quae sunt ad finem, sed etiam in praestituendo finem.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5447 Est autem finis uniuscuiusque virtutis moralis attingere medium in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5448 propria materia, quod quidem medium determinatur secundum rectam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5449 rationem prudentiae, ut dicitur in II et VI Ethic.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5450 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5451 <div class="E">Articulus 4</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5452 <p title="I-II q. 66 a. 4 arg. 1"><a name="36261"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5453 "ref">[36261] Iª-IIae q. 66 a. 4 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quartum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5454 sic proceditur. Videtur quod iustitia non sit praecipua inter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5455 virtutes morales. Maius enim est dare alicui de proprio, quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5456 reddere alicui quod ei debetur. Sed primum pertinet ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5457 liberalitatem; secundum autem ad iustitiam. Ergo videtur quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5458 liberalitas sit maior virtus quam iustitia.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5459 <p title="I-II q. 66 a. 4 arg. 2"><a name="36262"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5460 "ref">[36262] Iª-IIae q. 66 a. 4 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5461 illud videtur esse maximum in unoquoque, quod est perfectissimum in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5462 ipso. Sed sicut dicitur Iac. I, <i>patientia opus perfectum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5463 habet</i>. Ergo videtur quod patientia sit maior quam iustitia.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5464 <p title="I-II q. 66 a. 4 arg. 3"><a name="36263"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5465 "ref">[36263] Iª-IIae q. 66 a. 4 arg. 3</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5466 <i>Praeterea, magnanimitas operatur magnum, in omnibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5467 virtutibus</i>, ut dicitur in IV Ethic. Ergo magnificat etiam ipsam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5468 iustitiam. Est igitur maior quam iustitia.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5469 <p title="I-II q. 66 a. 4 s. c."><a name="36264"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5470 "ref">[36264] Iª-IIae q. 66 a. 4 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5471 est quod philosophus dicit, in V Ethic., quod <i>iustitia est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5472 praeclarissima virtutum</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5473 <p title="I-II q. 66 a. 4 co."><a name="36265"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5474 "ref">[36265] Iª-IIae q. 66 a. 4 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5475 dicendum quod virtus aliqua secundum suam speciem potest dici maior
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5476 vel minor, vel simpliciter, vel secundum quid. Simpliciter quidem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5477 virtus dicitur maior, secundum quod in ea maius bonum rationis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5478 relucet, ut supra dictum est. Et secundum hoc, iustitia inter omnes
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5479 virtutes morales praecellit, tanquam propinquior rationi. Quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5480 patet et ex subiecto, et ex obiecto. Ex subiecto quidem, quia est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5481 in voluntate sicut in subiecto, voluntas autem est appetitus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5482 rationalis, ut ex dictis patet. Secundum autem obiectum sive
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5483 materiam, quia est circa operationes, quibus homo ordinatur non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5484 solum in seipso, sed etiam ad alterum. Unde iustitia est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5485 praeclarissima virtutum, ut dicitur in V Ethic. Inter alias autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5486 virtutes morales, quae sunt circa passiones, tanto in unaquaque
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5487 magis relucet rationis bonum, quanto circa maiora motus appetitivus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5488 subditur rationi. Maximum autem in his quae ad hominem pertinent,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5489 est vita, a qua omnia alia dependent. Et ideo fortitudo, quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5490 appetitivum motum subdit rationi in his quae ad mortem et vitam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5491 pertinent, primum locum tenet inter virtutes morales quae sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5492 circa passiones, tamen ordinatur infra iustitiam. Unde philosophus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5493 dicit, in I Rhetoric., quod <i>necesse est maximas esse virtutes,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5494 quae sunt aliis honoratissimae, siquidem est virtus potentia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5495 benefactiva. Propter hoc, fortes et iustos maxime honorant, haec
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5496 quidem enim in bello, scilicet fortitudo; haec autem, scilicet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5497 iustitia, et in bello et in pace utilis est</i>. Post fortitudinem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5498 autem ordinatur temperantia, quae subiicit rationi appetitum circa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5499 ea quae immediate ordinantur ad vitam, vel in eodem secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5500 numerum, vel in eodem secundum speciem, scilicet in cibis et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5501 venereis. Et sic istae tres virtutes, simul cum prudentia, dicuntur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5502 esse principales etiam dignitate. Secundum quid autem dicitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5503 aliqua virtus esse maior, secundum quod adminiculum vel ornamentum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5504 praebet principali virtuti. Sicut substantia est simpliciter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5505 dignior accidente; aliquod tamen accidens est secundum quid dignius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5506 substantia, inquantum perficit substantiam in aliquo esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5507 accidentali.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5508 <p title="I-II q. 66 a. 4 ad 1"><a name="36266"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5509 "ref">[36266] Iª-IIae q. 66 a. 4 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5510 ergo dicendum quod actus liberalitatis oportet quod fundetur super
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5511 actum iustitiae, <i>non enim esset liberalis datio, si non de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5512 proprio daret</i>, ut in II Polit. dicitur. Unde liberalitas sine
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5513 iustitia esse non posset, quae secernit suum a non suo. Iustitia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5514 autem potest esse sine liberalitate. Unde iustitia simpliciter est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5515 maior liberalitate, tanquam communior, et fundamentum ipsius,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5516 liberalitas autem est secundum quid maior, cum sit quidam ornatus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5517 iustitiae, et complementum eius.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5518 <p title="I-II q. 66 a. 4 ad 2"><a name="36267"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5519 "ref">[36267] Iª-IIae q. 66 a. 4 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5520 dicendum quod patientia dicitur habere opus perfectum in tolerantia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5521 malorum, in quibus non solum excludit iniustam vindictam, quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5522 etiam excludit iustitia; neque solum odium quod facit caritas;
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5523 neque solum iram, quod facit mansuetudo; sed etiam excludit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5524 tristitiam inordinatam, quae est radix omnium praedictorum. Et ideo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5525 in hoc est perfectior et maior, quod in hac materia extirpat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5526 radicem. Non autem est simpliciter perfectior omnibus aliis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5527 virtutibus. Quia fortitudo non solum sustinet molestias absque
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5528 perturbatione, quod est patientiae, sed etiam ingerit se eis, cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5529 opus fuerit. Unde quicumque est fortis, est patiens, sed non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5530 convertitur, est enim patientia quaedam fortitudinis pars.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5531 <p title="I-II q. 66 a. 4 ad 3"><a name="36268"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5532 "ref">[36268] Iª-IIae q. 66 a. 4 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5533 dicendum quod magnanimitas non potest esse nisi aliis virtutibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5534 praeexistentibus, ut dicitur in IV Ethic. Unde comparatur ad alias
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5535 sicut ornatus earum. Et sic secundum quid est maior omnibus aliis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5536 non tamen simpliciter.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5537 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5538 <div class="E">Articulus 5</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5539 <p title="I-II q. 66 a. 5 arg. 1"><a name="36269"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5540 "ref">[36269] Iª-IIae q. 66 a. 5 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quintum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5541 sic proceditur. Videtur quod sapientia non sit maxima inter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5542 virtutes intellectuales. Imperans enim maius est eo cui imperatur.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5543 Sed prudentia videtur imperare sapientiae, dicitur enim I Ethic.,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5544 quod <i>quales disciplinarum debitum est esse in civitatibus, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5545 quales unumquemque addiscere, et usquequo, haec praeordinat</i>,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5546 scilicet politica, quae ad prudentiam pertinet, ut dicitur in VI
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5547 Ethic. Cum igitur inter disciplinas etiam sapientia contineatur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5548 videtur quod prudentia sit maior quam sapientia.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5549 <p title="I-II q. 66 a. 5 arg. 2"><a name="36270"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5550 "ref">[36270] Iª-IIae q. 66 a. 5 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5551 de ratione virtutis est quod ordinet hominem ad felicitatem, est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5552 enim virtus dispositio perfecti ad optimum, ut dicitur in VII
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5553 Physic. Sed prudentia est recta ratio agibilium, per quae homo ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5554 felicitatem perducitur, sapientia autem non considerat humanos
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5555 actus, quibus ad beatitudinem pervenitur. Ergo prudentia est maior
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5556 virtus quam sapientia.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5557 <p title="I-II q. 66 a. 5 arg. 3"><a name="36271"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5558 "ref">[36271] Iª-IIae q. 66 a. 5 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5559 quanto cognitio est perfectior, tanto videtur esse maior. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5560 perfectiorem cognitionem habere possumus de rebus humanis, de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5561 quibus est scientia, quam de rebus divinis, de quibus est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5562 sapientia, ut distinguit Augustinus in XII de Trin., quia divina
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5563 incomprehensibilia sunt, secundum illud Iob XXXVI, <i>ecce Deus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5564 magnus, vincens scientiam nostram</i>. Ergo scientia est maior
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5565 virtus quam sapientia.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5566 <p title="I-II q. 66 a. 5 arg. 4"><a name="36272"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5567 "ref">[36272] Iª-IIae q. 66 a. 5 arg. 4</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5568 cognitio principiorum est dignior quam cognitio conclusionum. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5569 sapientia concludit ex principiis indemonstrabilibus, quorum est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5570 intellectus; sicut et aliae scientiae. Ergo intellectus est maior
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5571 virtus quam sapientia.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5572 <p title="I-II q. 66 a. 5 s. c."><a name="36273"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5573 "ref">[36273] Iª-IIae q. 66 a. 5 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5574 est quod philosophus dicit, in VI Ethic., quod sapientia est sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5575 caput inter virtutes intellectuales.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5576 <p title="I-II q. 66 a. 5 co."><a name="36274"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5577 "ref">[36274] Iª-IIae q. 66 a. 5 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5578 dicendum quod, sicut dictum est, magnitudo virtutis secundum suam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5579 speciem, consideratur ex obiecto. Obiectum autem sapientiae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5580 praecellit inter obiecta omnium virtutum intellectualium,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5581 considerat enim causam altissimam, quae Deus est, ut dicitur in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5582 principio Metaphys. Et quia per causam iudicatur de effectu, et per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5583 causam superiorem de causis inferioribus; inde est quod sapientia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5584 habet iudicium de omnibus aliis virtutibus intellectualibus; et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5585 eius est ordinare omnes; et ipsa est quasi architectonica respectu
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5586 omnium.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5587 <p title="I-II q. 66 a. 5 ad 1"><a name="36275"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5588 "ref">[36275] Iª-IIae q. 66 a. 5 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5589 ergo dicendum quod, cum prudentia sit circa res humanas, sapientia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5590 vero circa causam altissimam; impossibile est quod prudentia sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5591 maior virtus quam sapientia, <i>nisi</i>, ut dicitur in VI Ethic.,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5592 <i>maximum eorum quae sunt in mundo, esset homo</i>. Unde dicendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5593 est, sicut in eodem libro dicitur, quod prudentia non imperat ipsi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5594 sapientiae, sed potius e converso, quia <i>spiritualis iudicat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5595 omnia, et ipse a nemine iudicatur</i>, ut dicitur I ad Cor. II. Non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5596 enim prudentia habet se intromittere de altissimis, quae considerat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5597 sapientia, sed imperat de his quae ordinantur ad sapientiam,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5598 scilicet quomodo homines debeant ad sapientiam pervenire. Unde in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5599 hoc est prudentia, seu politica, ministra sapientiae, introducit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5600 enim ad eam, praeparans ei viam, sicut ostiarius ad regem.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5601 <p title="I-II q. 66 a. 5 ad 2"><a name="36276"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5602 "ref">[36276] Iª-IIae q. 66 a. 5 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5603 dicendum quod prudentia considerat ea quibus pervenitur ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5604 felicitatem, sed sapientia considerat ipsum obiectum felicitatis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5605 quod est altissimum intelligibile. Et si quidem esset perfecta
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5606 consideratio sapientiae respectu sui obiecti, esset perfecta
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5607 felicitas in actu sapientiae. Sed quia actus sapientiae in hac vita
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5608 est imperfectus respectu principalis obiecti, quod est Deus; ideo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5609 actus sapientiae est quaedam inchoatio seu participatio futurae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5610 felicitatis. Et sic propinquius se habet ad felicitatem quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5611 prudentia.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5612 <p title="I-II q. 66 a. 5 ad 3"><a name="36277"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5613 "ref">[36277] Iª-IIae q. 66 a. 5 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5614 dicendum quod, sicut philosophus dicit, in I de anima, <i>una
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5615 notitia praefertur alteri aut ex eo quod est nobiliorum, aut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5616 propter certitudinem</i>. Si igitur subiecta sint aequalia in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5617 bonitate et nobilitate, illa quae est certior, erit maior virtus.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5618 Sed illa quae est minus certa de altioribus et maioribus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5619 praefertur ei quae est magis certa de inferioribus rebus. Unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5620 philosophus dicit, in II de caelo, quod magnum est de rebus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5621 caelestibus aliquid posse cognoscere etiam debili et topica
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5622 ratione. Et in I de partibus Animal., dicit quod <i>amabile est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5623 magis parvum aliquid cognoscere de rebus nobilioribus quam multa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5624 cognoscere de rebus ignobilioribus</i>. Sapientia igitur ad quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5625 pertinet Dei cognitio, homini, maxime in statu huius vitae, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5626 potest perfecte advenire, ut sit quasi eius possessio; sed hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5627 solius Dei est, ut dicitur in I Metaphys. Sed tamen illa modica
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5628 cognitio quae per sapientiam de Deo haberi potest, omni alii
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5629 cognitioni praefertur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5630 <p title="I-II q. 66 a. 5 ad 4"><a name="36278"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5631 "ref">[36278] Iª-IIae q. 66 a. 5 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5632 dicendum quod veritas et cognitio principiorum indemonstrabilium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5633 dependet ex ratione terminorum, cognito enim quid est totum et quid
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5634 pars, statim cognoscitur quod omne totum est maius sua parte.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5635 Cognoscere autem rationem entis et non entis, et totius et partis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5636 et aliorum quae consequuntur ad ens, ex quibus sicut ex terminis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5637 constituuntur principia indemonstrabilia, pertinet ad sapientiam,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5638 quia ens commune est proprius effectus causae altissimae, scilicet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5639 Dei. Et ideo sapientia non solum utitur principiis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5640 indemonstrabilibus, quorum est intellectus, concludendo ex eis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5641 sicut aliae scientiae; sed etiam iudicando de eis, et disputando
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5642 contra negantes. Unde sequitur quod sapientia sit maior virtus quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5643 intellectus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5644 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5645 <div class="E">Articulus 6</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5646 <p title="I-II q. 66 a. 6 arg. 1"><a name="36279"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5647 "ref">[36279] Iª-IIae q. 66 a. 6 arg. 1</span></a> Ad sextum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5648 sic proceditur. Videtur quod caritas non sit maxima inter virtutes
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5649 theologicas. Cum enim fides sit in intellectu, spes autem et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5650 caritas in vi appetitiva, ut supra dictum est; videtur quod fides
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5651 comparetur ad spem et caritatem, sicut virtus intellectualis ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5652 moralem. Sed virtus intellectualis est maior morali, ut ex dictis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5653 patet. Ergo fides est maior spe et caritate.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5654 <p title="I-II q. 66 a. 6 arg. 2"><a name="36280"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5655 "ref">[36280] Iª-IIae q. 66 a. 6 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5656 quod se habet ex additione ad aliud, videtur esse maius eo. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5657 spes, ut videtur, se habet ex additione ad caritatem, praesupponit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5658 enim spes amorem, ut Augustinus dicit in Enchirid.; addit autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5659 quendam motum protensionis in rem amatam. Ergo spes est maior
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5660 caritate.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5661 <p title="I-II q. 66 a. 6 arg. 3"><a name="36281"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5662 "ref">[36281] Iª-IIae q. 66 a. 6 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5663 causa est potior effectu. Sed fides et spes sunt causa caritatis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5664 dicitur enim Matth. I, in Glossa, quod <i>fides generat spem, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5665 spes caritatem</i>. Ergo fides et spes sunt maiores caritate.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5666 <p title="I-II q. 66 a. 6 s. c."><a name="36282"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5667 "ref">[36282] Iª-IIae q. 66 a. 6 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5668 est quod apostolus dicit, I ad Cor. XIII, <i>nunc autem manent
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5669 fides, spes, caritas, tria haec; maior autem horum est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5670 caritas</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5671 <p title="I-II q. 66 a. 6 co."><a name="36283"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5672 "ref">[36283] Iª-IIae q. 66 a. 6 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5673 dicendum quod, sicut supra dictum est, magnitudo virtutis secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5674 suam speciem, consideratur ex obiecto. Cum autem tres virtutes
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5675 theologicae respiciant Deum sicut proprium obiectum, non potest una
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5676 earum dici maior altera ex hoc quod sit circa maius obiectum; sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5677 ex eo quod una se habet propinquius ad obiectum quam alia. Et hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5678 modo caritas est maior aliis. Nam aliae important in sui ratione
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5679 quandam distantiam ab obiecto, est enim fides de non visis, spes
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5680 autem de non habitis. Sed amor caritatis est de eo quod iam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5681 habetur, est enim amatum quodammodo in amante, et etiam amans per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5682 affectum trahitur ad unionem amati; propter quod dicitur I Ioan.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5683 IV, <i>qui manet in caritate, in Deo manet, et Deus in eo</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5684 <p title="I-II q. 66 a. 6 ad 1"><a name="36284"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5685 "ref">[36284] Iª-IIae q. 66 a. 6 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5686 ergo dicendum quod non hoc modo se habent fides et spes ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5687 caritatem, sicut prudentia ad virtutem moralem. Et hoc propter duo.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5688 Primo quidem, quia virtutes theologicae habent obiectum quod est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5689 supra animam humanam, sed prudentia et virtutes morales sunt circa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5690 ea quae sunt infra hominem. In his autem quae sunt supra hominem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5691 nobilior est dilectio quam cognitio. Perficitur enim cognitio,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5692 secundum quod cognita sunt in cognoscente, dilectio vero, secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5693 quod diligens trahitur ad rem dilectam. Id autem quod est supra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5694 hominem, nobilius est in seipso quam sit in homine, quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5695 unumquodque est in altero per modum eius in quo est. E converso
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5696 autem est in his quae sunt infra hominem. Secundo, quia prudentia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5697 moderatur motus appetitivos ad morales virtutes pertinentes, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5698 fides non moderatur motum appetitivum tendentem in Deum, qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5699 pertinet ad virtutes theologicas; sed solum ostendit obiectum.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5700 Motus autem appetitivus in obiectum, excedit cognitionem humanam;
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5701 secundum illud ad Ephes. III, <i>supereminentem scientiae caritatem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5702 Christi</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5703 <p title="I-II q. 66 a. 6 ad 2"><a name="36285"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5704 "ref">[36285] Iª-IIae q. 66 a. 6 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5705 dicendum quod spes praesupponit amorem eius quod quis adipisci se
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5706 sperat, qui est amor concupiscentiae, quo quidem amore magis se
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5707 amat qui concupiscit bonum, quam aliquid aliud. Caritas autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5708 importat amorem amicitiae, ad quam pervenitur spe, ut supra dictum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5709 est.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5710 <p title="I-II q. 66 a. 6 ad 3"><a name="36286"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5711 "ref">[36286] Iª-IIae q. 66 a. 6 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5712 dicendum quod causa perficiens est potior effectu, non autem causa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5713 disponens. Sic enim calor ignis esset potior quam anima, ad quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5714 disponit materiam, quod patet esse falsum. Sic autem fides generat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5715 spem, et spes caritatem, secundum scilicet quod una disponit ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5716 alteram.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5717 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5718 <div class="D">Quaestio 67</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5719 <div class="G">Prooemium</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5720 <p title="I-II q. 67 pr."><a name="36287"><span class="ref">[36287]
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5721 Iª-IIae q. 67 pr.</span></a> Deinde considerandum est de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5722 duratione virtutum post hanc vitam. Et circa hoc quaeruntur sex.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5723 Primo, utrum virtutes morales maneant post hanc vitam. Secundo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5724 utrum virtutes intellectuales. Tertio, utrum fides. Quarto, utrum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5725 remaneat spes. Quinto, utrum aliquid fidei maneat, vel spei. Sexto,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5726 utrum maneat caritas.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5727 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5728 <div class="E">Articulus 1</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5729 <p title="I-II q. 67 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="36288"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5730 "ref">[36288] Iª-IIae q. 67 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5731 sic proceditur. Videtur quod virtutes morales non maneant post hanc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5732 vitam. Homines enim in statu futurae gloriae erunt similes Angelis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5733 ut dicitur Matth. XXII. Sed ridiculum est in Angelis ponere
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5734 virtutes morales, ut dicitur in X Ethic. Ergo neque in hominibus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5735 post hanc vitam, erunt virtutes morales.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5736 <p title="I-II q. 67 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="36289"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5737 "ref">[36289] Iª-IIae q. 67 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5738 virtutes morales perficiunt hominem in vita activa. Sed vita activa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5739 non manet post hanc vitam, dicit enim Gregorius, in VI Moral.,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5740 <i>activae vitae opera cum corpore transeunt</i>. Ergo virtutes
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5741 morales non manent post hanc vitam.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5742 <p title="I-II q. 67 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="36290"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5743 "ref">[36290] Iª-IIae q. 67 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5744 temperantia et fortitudo, quae sunt virtutes morales, sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5745 irrationalium partium, ut philosophus dicit, in III Ethic. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5746 irrationales partes animae corrumpuntur, corrupto corpore, eo quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5747 sunt actus organorum corporalium. Ergo videtur quod virtutes
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5748 morales non maneant post hanc vitam.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5749 <p title="I-II q. 67 a. 1 s. c."><a name="36291"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5750 "ref">[36291] Iª-IIae q. 67 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5751 est quod dicitur Sap. I, quod <i>iustitia perpetua est et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5752 immortalis</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5753 <p title="I-II q. 67 a. 1 co."><a name="36292"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5754 "ref">[36292] Iª-IIae q. 67 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5755 dicendum quod, sicut Augustinus dicit, in XIV de Trin., Tullius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5756 posuit post hanc vitam quatuor virtutes cardinales non esse; sed in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5757 alia vita homines esse beatos sola cognitione naturae, in qua nihil
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5758 est melius aut amabilius, ut Augustinus dicit ibidem, ea natura
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5759 quae creavit omnes naturas. Ipse autem postea determinat huiusmodi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5760 quatuor virtutes in futura vita existere, tamen alio modo. Ad cuius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5761 evidentiam, sciendum est quod in huiusmodi virtutibus aliquid est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5762 formale; et aliquid quasi materiale. Materiale quidem est in his
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5763 virtutibus inclinatio quaedam partis appetitivae ad passiones vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5764 operationes secundum modum aliquem. Sed quia iste modus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5765 determinatur a ratione, ideo formale in omnibus virtutibus est ipse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5766 ordo rationis. Sic igitur dicendum est quod huiusmodi virtutes
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5767 morales in futura vita non manent, quantum ad id quod est materiale
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5768 in eis. Non enim habebunt in futura vita locum concupiscentiae et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5769 delectationes ciborum et venereorum; neque etiam timores et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5770 audaciae circa pericula mortis; neque etiam distributiones et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5771 communicationes rerum quae veniunt in usum praesentis vitae. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5772 quantum ad id quod est formale, remanebunt in beatis perfectissimae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5773 post hanc vitam, inquantum ratio uniuscuiusque rectissima erit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5774 circa ea quae ad ipsum pertinent secundum statum illum; et vis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5775 appetitiva omnino movebitur secundum ordinem rationis, in his quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5776 ad statum illum pertinent. Unde Augustinus ibidem dicit quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5777 <i>prudentia ibi erit sine ullo periculo erroris; fortitudo, sine
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5778 molestia tolerandorum malorum; temperantia, sine repugnatione
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5779 libidinum. Ut prudentiae sit nullum bonum Deo praeponere vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5780 aequare; fortitudinis, ei firmissime cohaerere; temperantiae, nullo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5781 defectu noxio delectari</i>. De iustitia vero manifestius est quem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5782 actum ibi habebit, scilicet esse subditum Deo, quia etiam in hac
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5783 vita ad iustitiam pertinet esse subditum superiori.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5784 <p title="I-II q. 67 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="36293"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5785 "ref">[36293] Iª-IIae q. 67 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5786 ergo dicendum quod philosophus loquitur ibi de huiusmodi virtutibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5787 moralibus, quantum ad id quod materiale est in eis, sicut de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5788 iustitia, quantum ad commutationes et depositiones; de fortitudine,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5789 quantum ad terribilia et pericula; de temperantia, quantum ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5790 concupiscentias pravas.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5791 <p title="I-II q. 67 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="36294"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5792 "ref">[36294] Iª-IIae q. 67 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Et similiter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5793 dicendum est ad secundum. Ea enim quae sunt activae vitae,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5794 materialiter se habent ad virtutes.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5795 <p title="I-II q. 67 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="36295"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5796 "ref">[36295] Iª-IIae q. 67 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5797 dicendum quod status post hanc vitam est duplex, unus quidem ante
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5798 resurrectionem, quando animae erunt a corporibus separatae; alius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5799 autem post resurrectionem, quando animae iterato corporibus suis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5800 unientur. In illo ergo resurrectionis statu, erunt vires
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5801 irrationales in organis corporis, sicut et nunc sunt. Unde et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5802 poterit in irascibili esse fortitudo, et in concupiscibili
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5803 temperantia, inquantum utraque vis perfecte erit disposita ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5804 obediendum rationi. Sed in statu ante resurrectionem, partes
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5805 irrationales non erunt actu in anima, sed solum radicaliter in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5806 essentia ipsius, ut in primo dictum est. Unde nec huiusmodi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5807 virtutes erunt in actu nisi in radice, scilicet in ratione et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5808 voluntate, in quibus sunt seminalia quaedam harum virtutum, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5809 dictum est. Sed iustitia, quae est in voluntate, etiam actu
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5810 remanebit. Unde specialiter de ea dictum est quod est perpetua et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5811 immortalis, tum ratione subiecti, quia voluntas incorruptibilis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5812 est; tum etiam propter similitudinem actus, ut prius dictum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5813 est.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5814 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5815 <div class="E">Articulus 2</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5816 <p title="I-II q. 67 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="36296"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5817 "ref">[36296] Iª-IIae q. 67 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5818 sic proceditur. Videtur quod virtutes intellectuales non maneant
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5819 post hanc vitam. Dicit enim apostolus, I ad Cor. XIII, quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5820 scientia destruetur, et ratio est quia ex parte cognoscimus. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5821 sicut cognitio scientiae est ex parte, idest imperfecta; ita etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5822 cognitio aliarum virtutum intellectualium, quandiu haec vita durat.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5823 Ergo omnes virtutes intellectuales post hanc vitam cessabunt.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5824 <p title="I-II q. 67 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="36297"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5825 "ref">[36297] Iª-IIae q. 67 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5826 philosophus dicit, in praedicamentis, quod scientia, cum sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5827 habitus, est qualitas difficile mobilis, non enim de facili
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5828 amittitur, nisi ex aliqua forti transmutatione vel aegritudine. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5829 nulla est tanta transmutatio corporis humani sicut per mortem. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5830 scientia et aliae virtutes intellectuales non manent post hanc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5831 vitam.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5832 <p title="I-II q. 67 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="36298"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5833 "ref">[36298] Iª-IIae q. 67 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5834 virtutes intellectuales perficiunt intellectum ad bene operandum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5835 proprium actum. Sed actus intellectus non videtur esse post hanc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5836 vitam, eo quod nihil intelligit anima sine phantasmate, ut dicitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5837 in III de anima; phantasmata autem post hanc vitam non manent, cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5838 non sint nisi in organis corporeis. Ergo virtutes intellectuales
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5839 non manent post hanc vitam.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5840 <p title="I-II q. 67 a. 2 s. c."><a name="36299"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5841 "ref">[36299] Iª-IIae q. 67 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5842 est quod firmior est cognitio universalium et necessariorum, quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5843 particularium et contingentium. Sed in homine remanet post hanc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5844 vitam cognitio particularium contingentium, puta eorum quae quis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5845 fecit vel passus est; secundum illud Luc. XVI, <i>recordare quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5846 recepisti bona in vita tua, et Lazarus similiter mala</i>. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5847 multo magis remanet cognitio universalium et necessariorum, quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5848 pertinent ad scientiam et ad alias virtutes intellectuales.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5849 <p title="I-II q. 67 a. 2 co."><a name="36300"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5850 "ref">[36300] Iª-IIae q. 67 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5851 dicendum quod, sicut in primo dictum est, quidam posuerunt quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5852 species intelligibiles non permanent in intellectu possibili nisi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5853 quandiu actu intelligit, nec est aliqua conservatio specierum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5854 cessante consideratione actuali, nisi in viribus sensitivis, quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5855 sunt actus corporalium organorum, scilicet in imaginativa et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5856 memorativa. Huiusmodi autem vires corrumpuntur, corrupto corpore.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5857 Et ideo secundum hoc, scientia nullo modo post hanc vitam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5858 remanebit, corpore corrupto; neque aliqua alia intellectualis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5859 virtus. Sed haec opinio est contra sententiam Aristotelis, qui in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5860 III de anima dicit quod <i>intellectus possibilis est in actu, cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5861 fit singula, sicut sciens; cum tamen sit in potentia ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5862 considerandum in actu</i>. Est etiam contra rationem, quia species
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5863 intelligibiles recipiuntur in intellectu possibili immobiliter,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5864 secundum modum recipientis. Unde et intellectus possibilis dicitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5865 locus specierum, quasi species intelligibiles conservans. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5866 phantasmata, ad quae respiciendo homo intelligit in hac vita,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5867 applicando ad ipsa species intelligibiles, ut in primo dictum est,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5868 corrupto corpore corrumpuntur. Unde quantum ad ipsa phantasmata,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5869 quae sunt quasi materialia in virtutibus intellectualibus, virtutes
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5870 intellectuales destruuntur, destructo corpore, sed quantum ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5871 species intelligibiles, quae sunt in intellectu possibili, virtutes
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5872 intellectuales manent. Species autem se habent in virtutibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5873 intellectualibus sicut formales. Unde intellectuales virtutes
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5874 manent post hanc vitam, quantum ad id quod est formale in eis, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5875 autem quantum ad id quod est materiale, sicut et de moralibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5876 dictum est.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5877 <p title="I-II q. 67 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="36301"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5878 "ref">[36301] Iª-IIae q. 67 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5879 ergo dicendum quod verbum apostoli est intelligendum quantum ad id
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5880 quod est materiale in scientia, et quantum ad modum intelligendi,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5881 quia scilicet neque phantasmata remanebunt, destructo corpore;
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5882 neque erit usus scientiae per conversionem ad phantasmata.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5883 <p title="I-II q. 67 a. 2 ad 2"><a name="36302"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5884 "ref">[36302] Iª-IIae q. 67 a. 2 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5885 dicendum quod per aegritudinem corrumpitur habitus scientiae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5886 quantum ad id quod est materiale in eo, scilicet quantum ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5887 phantasmata, non autem quantum ad species intelligibiles, quae sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5888 in intellectu possibili.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5889 <p title="I-II q. 67 a. 2 ad 3"><a name="36303"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5890 "ref">[36303] Iª-IIae q. 67 a. 2 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5891 dicendum quod anima separata post mortem habet alium modum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5892 intelligendi quam per conversionem ad phantasmata, ut in primo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5893 dictum est. Et sic scientia manet, non tamen secundum eundem modum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5894 operandi, sicut et de virtutibus moralibus dictum est.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5895 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5896 <div class="E">Articulus 3</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5897 <p title="I-II q. 67 a. 3 arg. 1"><a name="36304"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5898 "ref">[36304] Iª-IIae q. 67 a. 3 arg. 1</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5899 sic proceditur. Videtur quod fides maneat post hanc vitam. Nobilior
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5900 enim est fides quam scientia. Sed scientia manet post hanc vitam,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5901 ut dictum est. Ergo et fides.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5902 <p title="I-II q. 67 a. 3 arg. 2"><a name="36305"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5903 "ref">[36305] Iª-IIae q. 67 a. 3 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5904 I ad Cor. III, dicitur, <i>fundamentum aliud nemo potest ponere,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5905 praeter id quod positum est, quod est Christus Iesus</i>, idest
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5906 fides Christi Iesu. Sed sublato fundamento, non remanet id quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5907 superaedificatur. Ergo, si fides non remanet post hanc vitam, nulla
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5908 alia virtus remaneret.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5909 <p title="I-II q. 67 a. 3 arg. 3"><a name="36306"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5910 "ref">[36306] Iª-IIae q. 67 a. 3 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5911 cognitio fidei et cognitio gloriae differunt secundum perfectum et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5912 imperfectum. Sed cognitio imperfecta potest esse simul cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5913 cognitione perfecta, sicut in Angelo simul potest esse cognitio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5914 vespertina cum cognitione matutina; et aliquis homo potest simul
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5915 habere de eadem conclusione scientiam per syllogismum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5916 demonstrativum, et opinionem per syllogismum dialecticum. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5917 etiam fides simul esse potest, post hanc vitam, cum cognitione
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5918 gloriae.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5919 <p title="I-II q. 67 a. 3 s. c."><a name="36307"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5920 "ref">[36307] Iª-IIae q. 67 a. 3 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5921 est quod apostolus dicit, II ad Cor. V, <i>quandiu sumus in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5922 corpore, peregrinamur a domino, per fidem enim ambulamus, et non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5923 per speciem</i>. Sed illi qui sunt in gloria, non peregrinantur a
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5924 domino, sed sunt ei praesentes. Ergo fides non manet post hanc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5925 vitam in gloria.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5926 <p title="I-II q. 67 a. 3 co."><a name="36308"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5927 "ref">[36308] Iª-IIae q. 67 a. 3 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5928 dicendum quod oppositio est per se et propria causa quod unum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5929 excludatur ab alio, inquantum scilicet in omnibus oppositis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5930 includitur oppositio affirmationis et negationis. Invenitur autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5931 in quibusdam oppositio secundum contrarias formas, sicut in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5932 coloribus album et nigrum. In quibusdam autem, secundum perfectum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5933 et imperfectum, unde in alterationibus magis et minus accipiuntur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5934 ut contraria, ut cum de minus calido fit magis calidum, ut dicitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5935 in V Physic. Et quia perfectum et imperfectum opponuntur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5936 impossibile est quod simul, secundum idem, sit perfectio et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5937 imperfectio. Est autem considerandum quod imperfectio quidem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5938 quandoque est de ratione rei, et pertinet ad speciem ipsius, sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5939 defectus rationis pertinet ad rationem speciei equi vel bovis. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5940 quia unum et idem numero manens non potest transferri de una specie
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5941 in aliam, inde est quod, tali imperfectione sublata, tollitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5942 species rei, sicut iam non esset bos vel equus, si esset
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5943 rationalis. Quandoque vero imperfectio non pertinet ad rationem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5944 speciei, sed accidit individuo secundum aliquid aliud, sicut alicui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5945 homini quandoque accidit defectus rationis, inquantum impeditur in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5946 eo rationis usus, propter somnum vel ebrietatem vel aliquid
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5947 huiusmodi. Patet autem quod, tali imperfectione remota, nihilominus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5948 substantia rei manet. Manifestum est autem quod imperfectio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5949 cognitionis est de ratione fidei. Ponitur enim in eius definitione,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5950 <i>fides enim est substantia sperandarum rerum, argumentum non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5951 apparentium</i>, ut dicitur ad Heb. XI. Et Augustinus dicit,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5952 <i>quid est fides? Credere quod non vides</i>. Quod autem cognitio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5953 sit sine apparitione vel visione, hoc ad imperfectionem cognitionis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5954 pertinet. Et sic imperfectio cognitionis est de ratione fidei. Unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5955 manifestum est quod fides non potest esse perfecta cognitio, eadem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5956 numero manens. Sed ulterius considerandum est utrum simul possit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5957 esse cum cognitione perfecta, nihil enim prohibet aliquam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5958 cognitionem imperfectam simul esse aliquando cum cognitione
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5959 perfecta. Est igitur considerandum quod cognitio potest esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5960 imperfecta tripliciter, uno modo, ex parte obiecti cognoscibilis;
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5961 alio modo, ex parte medii; tertio modo, ex parte subiecti. Ex parte
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5962 quidem obiecti cognoscibilis, differunt secundum perfectum et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5963 imperfectum cognitio matutina et vespertina in Angelis, nam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5964 cognitio matutina est de rebus secundum quod habent esse in verbo;
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5965 cognitio autem vespertina est de eis secundum quod habent esse in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5966 propria natura, quod est imperfectum respectu primi esse. Ex parte
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5967 vero medii, differunt secundum perfectum et imperfectum cognitio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5968 quae est de aliqua conclusione per medium demonstrativum, et per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5969 medium probabile. Ex parte vero subiecti differunt secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5970 perfectum et imperfectum opinio, fides et scientia. Nam de ratione
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5971 opinionis est quod accipiatur unum cum formidine alterius oppositi,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5972 unde non habet firmam inhaesionem. De ratione vero scientiae est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5973 quod habeat firmam inhaesionem cum visione intellectiva, habet enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5974 certitudinem procedentem ex intellectu principiorum. Fides autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5975 medio modo se habet, excedit enim opinionem, in hoc quod habet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5976 firmam inhaesionem; deficit vero a scientia, in hoc quod non habet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5977 visionem. Manifestum est autem quod perfectum et imperfectum non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5978 possunt simul esse secundum idem, sed ea quae differunt secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5979 perfectum et imperfectum, secundum aliquid idem possunt simul esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5980 in aliquo alio eodem. Sic igitur cognitio perfecta et imperfecta ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5981 parte obiecti, nullo modo possunt esse de eodem obiecto. Possunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5982 tamen convenire in eodem medio, et in eodem subiecto, nihil enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5983 prohibet quod unus homo simul et semel per unum et idem medium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5984 habeat cognitionem de duobus, quorum unum est perfectum et aliud
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5985 imperfectum, sicut de sanitate et aegritudine, et bono et malo.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5986 Similiter etiam impossibile est quod cognitio perfecta et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5987 imperfecta ex parte medii, conveniant in uno medio. Sed nihil
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5988 prohibet quin conveniant in uno obiecto, et in uno subiecto, potest
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5989 enim unus homo cognoscere eandem conclusionem per medium probabile,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5990 et demonstrativum. Et est similiter impossibile quod cognitio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5991 perfecta et imperfecta ex parte subiecti, sint simul in eodem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5992 subiecto. Fides autem in sui ratione habet imperfectionem quae est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5993 ex parte subiecti, ut scilicet credens non videat id quod credit,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5994 beatitudo autem de sui ratione habet perfectionem ex parte
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5995 subiecti, ut scilicet beatus videat id quo beatificatur, ut supra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5996 dictum est. Unde manifestum est quod impossibile est quod fides
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5997 maneat simul cum beatitudine in eodem subiecto.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5998 <p title="I-II q. 67 a. 3 ad 1"><a name="36309"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5999 "ref">[36309] Iª-IIae q. 67 a. 3 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6000 ergo dicendum quod fides est nobilior quam scientia, ex parte
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6001 obiecti, quia eius obiectum est veritas prima. Sed scientia habet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6002 perfectiorem modum cognoscendi, qui non repugnat perfectioni
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6003 beatitudinis, scilicet visioni, sicut repugnat ei modus fidei.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6004 <p title="I-II q. 67 a. 3 ad 2"><a name="36310"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6005 "ref">[36310] Iª-IIae q. 67 a. 3 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6006 dicendum quod fides est fundamentum quantum ad id quod habet de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6007 cognitione. Et ideo quando perficietur cognitio, erit perfectius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6008 fundamentum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6009 <p title="I-II q. 67 a. 3 ad 3"><a name="36311"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6010 "ref">[36311] Iª-IIae q. 67 a. 3 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6011 patet solutio ex his quae dicta sunt.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6012 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6013 <div class="E">Articulus 4</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6014 <p title="I-II q. 67 a. 4 arg. 1"><a name="36312"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6015 "ref">[36312] Iª-IIae q. 67 a. 4 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quartum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6016 sic proceditur. Videtur quod spes maneat post mortem in statu
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6017 gloriae. Spes enim nobiliori modo perficit appetitum humanum quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6018 virtutes morales. Sed virtutes morales manent post hanc vitam, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6019 patet per Augustinum, in XIV de Trin. Ergo multo magis spes.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6020 <p title="I-II q. 67 a. 4 arg. 2"><a name="36313"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6021 "ref">[36313] Iª-IIae q. 67 a. 4 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6022 spei opponitur timor. Sed timor manet post hanc vitam, et in beatis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6023 quidem timor filialis, qui manet in saeculum; et in damnatis timor
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6024 poenarum. Ergo spes, pari ratione, potest permanere.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6025 <p title="I-II q. 67 a. 4 arg. 3"><a name="36314"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6026 "ref">[36314] Iª-IIae q. 67 a. 4 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6027 sicut spes est futuri boni, ita et desiderium. Sed in beatis est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6028 desiderium futuri boni, et quantum ad gloriam corporis, quam animae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6029 beatorum desiderant, ut dicit Augustinus, XII super Gen. ad Litt.;
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6030 et etiam quantum ad gloriam animae, secundum illud Eccli. XXIV,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6031 <i>qui edunt me, adhuc esurient, et qui bibunt me, adhuc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6032 sitient</i>; et I Petr. I, dicitur, <i>in quem desiderant Angeli
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6033 prospicere</i>. Ergo videtur quod possit esse spes post hanc vitam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6034 in beatis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6035 <p title="I-II q. 67 a. 4 s. c."><a name="36315"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6036 "ref">[36315] Iª-IIae q. 67 a. 4 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6037 est quod apostolus dicit, Rom. VIII, <i>quod videt quis, quid
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6038 sperat?</i> Sed beati vident id quod est obiectum spei, scilicet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6039 Deum. Ergo non sperant.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6040 <p title="I-II q. 67 a. 4 co."><a name="36316"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6041 "ref">[36316] Iª-IIae q. 67 a. 4 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6042 dicendum quod, sicut dictum est, id quod de ratione sui importat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6043 imperfectionem subiecti, non potest simul stare cum subiecto
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6044 opposita perfectione perfecto. Sicut patet quod motus in ratione
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6045 sui importat imperfectionem subiecti, est enim actus existentis in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6046 potentia, inquantum huiusmodi, unde quando illa potentia reducitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6047 ad actum, iam cessat motus; non enim adhuc albatur, postquam iam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6048 aliquid factum est album. Spes autem importat motum quendam in id
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6049 quod non habetur; ut patet ex his quae supra de passione spei
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6050 diximus. Et ideo quando habebitur id quod speratur, scilicet divina
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6051 fruitio, iam spes esse non poterit.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6052 <p title="I-II q. 67 a. 4 ad 1"><a name="36317"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6053 "ref">[36317] Iª-IIae q. 67 a. 4 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6054 ergo dicendum quod spes est nobilior virtutibus moralibus quantum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6055 ad obiectum, quod est Deus. Sed actus virtutum moralium non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6056 repugnant perfectioni beatitudinis, sicut actus spei; nisi forte
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6057 ratione materiae, secundum quam non manent. Non enim virtus moralis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6058 perficit appetitum solum in id quod nondum habetur; sed etiam circa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6059 id quod praesentialiter habetur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6060 <p title="I-II q. 67 a. 4 ad 2"><a name="36318"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6061 "ref">[36318] Iª-IIae q. 67 a. 4 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6062 dicendum quod timor est duplex, servilis et filialis, ut infra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6063 dicetur. Servilis quidem est timor poenae, qui non poterit esse in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6064 gloria, nulla possibilitate ad poenam remanente. Timor vero
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6065 filialis habet duos actus, scilicet revereri Deum, et quantum ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6066 hunc actum manet; et timere separationem ab ipso, et quantum ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6067 hunc actum non manet. Separari enim a Deo habet rationem mali,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6068 nullum autem malum ibi timebitur, secundum illud Proverb. I,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6069 <i>abundantia perfruetur, malorum timore sublato</i>. Timor autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6070 opponitur spei oppositione boni et mali, ut supra dictum est, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6071 ideo timor qui remanet in gloria, non opponitur spei. In damnatis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6072 autem magis potest esse timor poenae, quam in beatis spes gloriae.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6073 Quia in damnatis erit successio poenarum, et sic remanet ibi ratio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6074 futuri, quod est obiectum timoris, sed gloria sanctorum est absque
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6075 successione, secundum quandam aeternitatis participationem, in qua
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6076 non est praeteritum et futurum, sed solum praesens. Et tamen nec
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6077 etiam in damnatis est proprie timor. Nam sicut supra dictum est,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6078 timor nunquam est sine aliqua spe evasionis, quae omnino in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6079 damnatis non erit. Unde nec timor; nisi communiter loquendo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6080 secundum quod quaelibet expectatio mali futuri dicitur timor.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6081 <p title="I-II q. 67 a. 4 ad 3"><a name="36319"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6082 "ref">[36319] Iª-IIae q. 67 a. 4 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6083 dicendum quod quantum ad gloriam animae, non potest esse in beatis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6084 desiderium, secundum quod respicit futurum, ratione iam dicta.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6085 Dicitur autem ibi esse esuries et sitis, per remotionem fastidii,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6086 et eadem ratione dicitur esse desiderium in Angelis. Respectu autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6087 gloriae corporis, in animabus sanctorum potest quidem esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6088 desiderium, non tamen spes, proprie loquendo, neque secundum quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6089 spes est virtus theologica, sic enim eius obiectum est Deus, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6090 autem aliquod bonum creatum; neque secundum quod communiter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6091 sumitur. Quia obiectum spei est arduum, ut supra dictum est, bonum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6092 autem cuius iam inevitabilem causam habemus, non comparatur ad nos
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6093 in ratione ardui. Unde non proprie dicitur aliquis qui habet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6094 argentum, sperare se habiturum aliquid quod statim in potestate
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6095 eius est ut emat. Et similiter illi qui habent gloriam animae, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6096 proprie dicuntur sperare gloriam corporis; sed solum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6097 desiderare.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6098 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6099 <div class="E">Articulus 5</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6100 <p title="I-II q. 67 a. 5 arg. 1"><a name="36320"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6101 "ref">[36320] Iª-IIae q. 67 a. 5 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quintum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6102 sic proceditur. Videtur quod aliquid fidei vel spei remaneat in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6103 gloria. Remoto enim eo quod est proprium, remanet id quod est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6104 commune, sicut dicitur in libro de causis, quod, <i>remoto
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6105 rationali, remanet vivum; et remoto vivo, remanet ens</i>. Sed in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6106 fide est aliquid quod habet commune cum beatitudine, scilicet ipsa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6107 cognitio, aliquid autem quod est sibi proprium, scilicet aenigma;
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6108 est enim fides cognitio aenigmatica. Ergo, remoto aenigmate fidei,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6109 adhuc remanet ipsa cognitio fidei.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6110 <p title="I-II q. 67 a. 5 arg. 2"><a name="36321"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6111 "ref">[36321] Iª-IIae q. 67 a. 5 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6112 fides est quoddam spirituale lumen animae, secundum illud Ephes. I,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6113 <i>illuminatos oculos cordis vestri in agnitionem Dei</i>; sed hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6114 lumen est imperfectum respectu luminis gloriae, de quo dicitur in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6115 Psalmo XXXV, <i>in lumine tuo videbimus lumen</i>. Lumen autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6116 imperfectum remanet, superveniente lumine perfecto, non enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6117 candela extinguitur, claritate solis superveniente. Ergo videtur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6118 quod ipsum lumen fidei maneat cum lumine gloriae.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6119 <p title="I-II q. 67 a. 5 arg. 3"><a name="36322"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6120 "ref">[36322] Iª-IIae q. 67 a. 5 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6121 substantia habitus non tollitur per hoc quod subtrahitur materia,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6122 potest enim homo habitum liberalitatis retinere, etiam amissa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6123 pecunia; sed actum habere non potest. Obiectum autem fidei est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6124 veritas prima non visa. Ergo, hoc remoto per hoc quod videtur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6125 veritas prima, adhuc potest remanere ipse habitus fidei.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6126 <p title="I-II q. 67 a. 5 s. c."><a name="36323"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6127 "ref">[36323] Iª-IIae q. 67 a. 5 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6128 est quod fides est quidam habitus simplex. Simplex autem vel totum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6129 tollitur, vel totum manet. Cum igitur fides non totaliter maneat,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6130 sed evacuetur, ut dictum est; videtur quod totaliter tollatur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6131 <p title="I-II q. 67 a. 5 co."><a name="36324"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6132 "ref">[36324] Iª-IIae q. 67 a. 5 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6133 dicendum quod quidam dixerunt quod spes totaliter tollitur, fides
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6134 autem partim tollitur, scilicet quantum ad aenigma, et partim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6135 manet, scilicet quantum ad substantiam cognitionis. Quod quidem si
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6136 sic intelligatur quod maneat non idem numero, sed idem genere,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6137 verissime dictum est, fides enim cum visione patriae convenit in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6138 genere, quod est cognitio. Spes autem non convenit cum beatitudine
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6139 in genere, comparatur enim spes ad beatitudinis fruitionem, sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6140 motus ad quietem in termino. Si autem intelligatur quod eadem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6141 numero cognitio quae est fidei, maneat in patria; hoc est omnino
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6142 impossibile. Non enim, remota differentia alicuius speciei, remanet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6143 substantia generis eadem numero, sicut, remota differentia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6144 constitutiva albedinis, non remanet eadem substantia coloris
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6145 numero, ut sic idem numero color sit quandoque albedo, quandoque
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6146 vero nigredo. Non enim comparatur genus ad differentiam sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6147 materia ad formam, ut remaneat substantia generis eadem numero,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6148 differentia remota; sicut remanet eadem numero substantia materiae,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6149 remota forma. Genus enim et differentia non sunt partes speciei,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6150 alioquin non praedicarentur de specie. Sed sicut species significat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6151 totum, idest compositum ex materia et forma in rebus materialibus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6152 ita differentia significat totum, et similiter genus, sed genus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6153 denominat totum ab eo quod est sicut materia; differentia vero ab
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6154 eo quod est sicut forma; species vero ab utroque. Sicut in homine
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6155 sensitiva natura materialiter se habet ad intellectivam, animal
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6156 autem dicitur quod habet naturam sensitivam; rationale quod habet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6157 intellectivam; homo vero quod habet utrumque. Et sic idem totum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6158 significatur per haec tria, sed non ab eodem. Unde patet quod, cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6159 differentia non sit nisi designativa generis, remota differentia,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6160 non potest substantia generis eadem remanere, non enim remanet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6161 eadem animalitas, si sit alia anima constituens animal. Unde non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6162 potest esse quod eadem numero cognitio, quae prius fuit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6163 aenigmatica, postea fiat visio aperta. Et sic patet quod nihil idem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6164 numero vel specie quod est in fide, remanet in patria; sed solum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6165 idem genere.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6166 <p title="I-II q. 67 a. 5 ad 1"><a name="36325"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6167 "ref">[36325] Iª-IIae q. 67 a. 5 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6168 ergo dicendum quod, remoto rationali, non remanet vivum idem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6169 numero, sed idem genere, ut ex dictis patet.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6170 <p title="I-II q. 67 a. 5 ad 2"><a name="36326"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6171 "ref">[36326] Iª-IIae q. 67 a. 5 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6172 dicendum quod imperfectio luminis candelae non opponitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6173 perfectioni solaris luminis, quia non respiciunt idem subiectum.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6174 Sed imperfectio fidei et perfectio gloriae opponuntur ad invicem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6175 et respiciunt idem subiectum. Unde non possunt esse simul, sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6176 nec claritas aeris cum obscuritate eius.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6177 <p title="I-II q. 67 a. 5 ad 3"><a name="36327"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6178 "ref">[36327] Iª-IIae q. 67 a. 5 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6179 dicendum quod ille qui amittit pecuniam, non amittit possibilitatem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6180 habendi pecuniam, et ideo convenienter remanet habitus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6181 liberalitatis. Sed in statu gloriae non solum actu tollitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6182 obiectum fidei, quod est non visum; sed etiam secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6183 possibilitatem, propter beatitudinis stabilitatem. Et ideo frustra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6184 talis habitus remaneret.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6185 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6186 <div class="E">Articulus 6</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6187 <p title="I-II q. 67 a. 6 arg. 1"><a name="36328"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6188 "ref">[36328] Iª-IIae q. 67 a. 6 arg. 1</span></a> Ad sextum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6189 sic proceditur. Videtur quod caritas non maneat post hanc vitam in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6190 gloria. Quia, ut dicitur I ad Cor. XIII, <i>cum venerit quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6191 perfectum est, evacuabitur quod ex parte est</i>, idest quod est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6192 imperfectum. Sed caritas viae est imperfecta. Ergo evacuabitur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6193 adveniente perfectione gloriae.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6194 <p title="I-II q. 67 a. 6 arg. 2"><a name="36329"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6195 "ref">[36329] Iª-IIae q. 67 a. 6 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6196 habitus et actus distinguuntur secundum obiecta. Sed obiectum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6197 amoris est bonum apprehensum. Cum ergo alia sit apprehensio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6198 praesentis vitae, et alia apprehensio futurae vitae; videtur quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6199 non maneat eadem caritas utrobique.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6200 <p title="I-II q. 67 a. 6 arg. 3"><a name="36330"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6201 "ref">[36330] Iª-IIae q. 67 a. 6 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6202 eorum quae sunt unius rationis, imperfectum potest venire ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6203 aequalitatem perfectionis, per continuum augmentum. Sed caritas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6204 viae nunquam potest pervenire ad aequalitatem caritatis patriae,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6205 quantumcumque augeatur. Ergo videtur quod caritas viae non remaneat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6206 in patria.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6207 <p title="I-II q. 67 a. 6 s. c."><a name="36331"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6208 "ref">[36331] Iª-IIae q. 67 a. 6 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6209 est quod apostolus dicit, I ad Cor. XIII, <i>caritas nunquam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6210 excidit</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6211 <p title="I-II q. 67 a. 6 co."><a name="36332"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6212 "ref">[36332] Iª-IIae q. 67 a. 6 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6213 dicendum quod, sicut supra dictum est, quando imperfectio alicuius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6214 rei non est de ratione speciei ipsius, nihil prohibet idem numero
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6215 quod prius fuit imperfectum, postea perfectum esse, sicut homo per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6216 augmentum perficitur, et albedo per intensionem. Caritas autem est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6217 amor; de cuius ratione non est aliqua imperfectio, potest enim esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6218 et habiti et non habiti, et visi et non visi. Unde caritas non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6219 evacuatur per gloriae perfectionem, sed eadem numero manet.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6220 <p title="I-II q. 67 a. 6 ad 1"><a name="36333"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6221 "ref">[36333] Iª-IIae q. 67 a. 6 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6222 ergo dicendum quod imperfectio caritatis per accidens se habet ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6223 ipsam, quia non est de ratione amoris imperfectio. Remoto autem eo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6224 quod est per accidens, nihilominus remanet substantia rei. Unde,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6225 evacuata imperfectione caritatis, non evacuatur ipsa caritas.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6226 <p title="I-II q. 67 a. 6 ad 2"><a name="36334"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6227 "ref">[36334] Iª-IIae q. 67 a. 6 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6228 dicendum quod caritas non habet pro obiecto ipsam cognitionem, sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6229 enim non esset eadem in via et in patria. Sed habet pro obiecto
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6230 ipsam rem cognitam, quae est eadem, scilicet ipsum Deum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6231 <p title="I-II q. 67 a. 6 ad 3"><a name="36335"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6232 "ref">[36335] Iª-IIae q. 67 a. 6 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6233 dicendum quod caritas viae per augmentum non potest pervenire ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6234 aequalitatem caritatis patriae, propter differentiam quae est ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6235 parte causae, visio enim est quaedam causa amoris, ut dicitur in IX
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6236 Ethic. Deus autem quanto perfectius cognoscitur, tanto perfectius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6237 amatur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6238 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6239 <div class="D">Quaestio 68</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6240 <div class="G">Prooemium</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6241 <p title="I-II q. 68 pr."><a name="36336"><span class="ref">[36336]
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6242 Iª-IIae q. 68 pr.</span></a> Consequenter considerandum est de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6243 donis. Et circa hoc quaeruntur octo. Primo, utrum dona differant a
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6244 virtutibus. Secundo, de necessitate donorum. Tertio, utrum dona
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6245 sint habitus. Quarto, quae, et quot sint. Quinto, utrum dona sint
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6246 connexa. Sexto, utrum maneant in patria. Septimo, de comparatione
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6247 eorum ad invicem. Octavo, de comparatione eorum ad virtutes.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6248 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6249 <div class="E">Articulus 1</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6250 <p title="I-II q. 68 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="36337"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6251 "ref">[36337] Iª-IIae q. 68 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6252 sic proceditur. Videtur quod dona non distinguantur a virtutibus.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6253 Dicit enim Gregorius, in I Moral., exponens illud Iob, <i>nati sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6254 ei septem filii, septem nobis nascuntur filii, cum per conceptionem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6255 bonae cogitationis, sancti spiritus septem in nobis virtutes
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6256 oriuntur</i>. Et inducit illud quod habetur Isaiae XI, requiescet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6257 super eum spiritus intellectus etc., ubi enumerantur septem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6258 spiritus sancti dona. Ergo septem dona spiritus sancti sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6259 virtutes.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6260 <p title="I-II q. 68 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="36338"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6261 "ref">[36338] Iª-IIae q. 68 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6262 Augustinus dicit, in libro de Quaestionib. Evang., exponens illud
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6263 quod habetur Matth. XII, <i>tunc vadit, et assumit septem alios
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6264 spiritus etc., septem vitia sunt contraria septem virtutibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6265 spiritus sancti</i>, idest septem donis. Sunt autem septem vitia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6266 contraria virtutibus communiter dictis. Ergo dona non distinguuntur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6267 a virtutibus communiter dictis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6268 <p title="I-II q. 68 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="36339"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6269 "ref">[36339] Iª-IIae q. 68 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6270 quorum est definitio eadem, ipsa quoque sunt eadem. Sed definitio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6271 virtutis convenit donis, unumquodque enim donum est bona qualitas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6272 mentis qua recte vivitur, et cetera. Similiter definitio doni
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6273 convenit virtutibus infusis, est enim donum datio irreddibilis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6274 secundum philosophum. Ergo virtutes et dona non distinguuntur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6275 <p title="I-II q. 68 a. 1 arg. 4"><a name="36340"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6276 "ref">[36340] Iª-IIae q. 68 a. 1 arg. 4</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6277 plura eorum quae enumerantur inter dona, sunt virtutes. Nam sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6278 supra dictum est, sapientia et intellectus et scientia sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6279 virtutes intellectuales; consilium autem ad prudentiam pertinet;
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6280 pietas autem species est iustitiae; fortitudo autem quaedam virtus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6281 est moralis. Ergo videtur quod virtutes non distinguantur a
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6282 donis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6283 <p title="I-II q. 68 a. 1 s. c."><a name="36341"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6284 "ref">[36341] Iª-IIae q. 68 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6285 est quod Gregorius, I Moral., distinguit septem dona, quae dicit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6286 significari per septem filios Iob, a tribus virtutibus theologicis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6287 quas dicit significari per tres filias Iob. Et in II Moral.,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6288 distinguit eadem septem dona a quatuor virtutibus cardinalibus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6289 quae dicit significari per quatuor angulos domus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6290 <p title="I-II q. 68 a. 1 co."><a name="36342"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6291 "ref">[36342] Iª-IIae q. 68 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6292 dicendum quod, si loquamur de dono et virtute secundum nominis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6293 rationem, sic nullam oppositionem habent ad invicem. Nam ratio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6294 virtutis sumitur secundum quod perficit hominem ad bene agendum, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6295 supra dictum est, ratio autem doni sumitur secundum comparationem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6296 ad causam a qua est. Nihil autem prohibet illud quod est ab alio ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6297 donum, esse perfectivum alicuius ad bene operandum, praesertim cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6298 supra dixerimus quod virtutes quaedam nobis sunt infusae a Deo.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6299 Unde secundum hoc, donum a virtute distingui non potest. Et ideo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6300 quidam posuerunt quod dona non essent a virtutibus distinguenda.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6301 Sed eis remanet non minor difficultas, ut scilicet rationem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6302 assignent quare quaedam virtutes dicantur dona, et non omnes; et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6303 quare aliqua computantur inter dona, quae non computantur inter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6304 virtutes, ut patet de timore. Unde alii dixerunt dona a virtutibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6305 esse distinguenda; sed non assignaverunt convenientem distinctionis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6306 causam, quae scilicet ita communis esset virtutibus, quod nullo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6307 modo donis, aut e converso. Considerantes enim aliqui quod, inter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6308 septem dona, quatuor pertinent ad rationem, scilicet sapientia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6309 scientia, intellectus et consilium; et tria ad vim appetitivam,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6310 scilicet fortitudo, pietas et timor; posuerunt quod dona
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6311 perficiebant liberum arbitrium secundum quod est facultas rationis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6312 virtutes vero secundum quod est facultas voluntatis, quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6313 invenerunt duas solas virtutes in ratione vel intellectu, scilicet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6314 fidem et prudentiam, alias vero in vi appetitiva vel affectiva.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6315 Oporteret autem, si haec distinctio esset conveniens, quod omnes
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6316 virtutes essent in vi appetitiva, et omnia dona in ratione. Quidam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6317 vero, considerantes quod Gregorius dicit, in II Moral., quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6318 <i>donum spiritus sancti, quod in mente sibi subiecta format
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6319 temperantiam, prudentiam, iustitiam et fortitudinem; eandem mentem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6320 munit contra singula tentamenta per septem dona</i>, dixerunt quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6321 virtutes ordinantur ad bene operandum, dona vero ad resistendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6322 tentationibus. Sed nec ista distinctio sufficit. Quia etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6323 virtutes tentationibus resistunt, inducentibus ad peccata, quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6324 contrariantur virtutibus, unumquodque enim resistit naturaliter suo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6325 contrario. Quod praecipue patet de caritate, de qua dicitur Cantic.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6326 VIII, <i>aquae multae non potuerunt extinguere caritatem</i>. Alii
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6327 vero, considerantes quod ista dona traduntur in Scriptura secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6328 quod fuerunt in Christo, ut patet Isaiae XI; dixerunt quod virtutes
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6329 ordinantur simpliciter ad bene operandum; sed dona ordinantur ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6330 hoc ut per ea conformemur Christo, praecipue quantum ad ea quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6331 passus est, quia in passione eius praecipue huiusmodi dona
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6332 resplenduerunt. Sed hoc etiam non videtur esse sufficiens. Quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6333 ipse dominus praecipue nos inducit ad sui conformitatem secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6334 humilitatem et mansuetudinem, Matth. XI, <i>discite a me, quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6335 mitis sum et humilis corde</i>; et secundum caritatem, ut Ioan. XV,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6336 <i>diligatis invicem, sicut dilexi vos</i>. Et hae etiam virtutes
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6337 praecipue in passione Christi refulserunt. Et ideo ad distinguendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6338 dona a virtutibus, debemus sequi modum loquendi Scripturae, in qua
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6339 nobis traduntur non quidem sub nomine donorum, sed magis sub nomine
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6340 spirituum, sic enim dicitur Isaiae XI, <i>requiescet super eum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6341 spiritus sapientiae et intellectus,</i> et cetera. Ex quibus verbis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6342 manifeste datur intelligi quod ista septem enumerantur ibi,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6343 secundum quod sunt in nobis ab inspiratione divina. Inspiratio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6344 autem significat quandam motionem ab exteriori. Est enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6345 considerandum quod in homine est duplex principium movens, unum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6346 quidem interius, quod est ratio; aliud autem exterius, quod est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6347 Deus, ut supra dictum est; et etiam philosophus hoc dicit, in cap.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6348 de bona fortuna. Manifestum est autem quod omne quod movetur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6349 necesse est proportionatum esse motori, et haec est perfectio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6350 mobilis inquantum est mobile, dispositio qua disponitur ad hoc quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6351 bene moveatur a suo motore. Quanto igitur movens est altior, tanto
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6352 necesse est quod mobile perfectiori dispositione ei proportionetur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6353 sicut videmus quod perfectius oportet esse discipulum dispositum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6354 ad hoc quod altiorem doctrinam capiat a docente. Manifestum est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6355 autem quod virtutes humanae perficiunt hominem secundum quod homo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6356 natus est moveri per rationem in his quae interius vel exterius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6357 agit. Oportet igitur inesse homini altiores perfectiones, secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6358 quas sit dispositus ad hoc quod divinitus moveatur. Et istae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6359 perfectiones vocantur dona, non solum quia infunduntur a Deo; sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6360 quia secundum ea homo disponitur ut efficiatur prompte mobilis ab
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6361 inspiratione divina, sicut dicitur Isaiae l, <i>dominus aperuit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6362 mihi aurem; ego autem non contradico, retrorsum non abii</i>. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6363 philosophus etiam dicit, in cap. de bona fortuna, quod his qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6364 moventur per instinctum divinum, non expedit consiliari secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6365 rationem humanam, sed quod sequantur interiorem instinctum, quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6366 moventur a meliori principio quam sit ratio humana. Et hoc est quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6367 quidam dicunt, quod dona perficiunt hominem ad altiores actus quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6368 sint actus virtutum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6369 <p title="I-II q. 68 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="36343"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6370 "ref">[36343] Iª-IIae q. 68 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6371 ergo dicendum quod huiusmodi dona nominantur quandoque virtutes,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6372 secundum communem rationem virtutis. Habent tamen aliquid
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6373 supereminens rationi communi virtutis, inquantum sunt quaedam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6374 divinae virtutes, perficientes hominem inquantum est a Deo motus.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6375 Unde et philosophus, in VII Ethic., supra virtutem communem ponit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6376 quandam virtutem heroicam vel divinam, secundum quam dicuntur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6377 aliqui divini viri.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6378 <p title="I-II q. 68 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="36344"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6379 "ref">[36344] Iª-IIae q. 68 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6380 dicendum quod vitia, inquantum sunt contra bonum rationis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6381 contrariantur virtutibus, inquantum autem sunt contra divinum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6382 instinctum, contrariantur donis. Idem enim contrariatur Deo et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6383 rationi, cuius lumen a Deo derivatur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6384 <p title="I-II q. 68 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="36345"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6385 "ref">[36345] Iª-IIae q. 68 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6386 dicendum quod definitio illa datur de virtute secundum communem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6387 modum virtutis. Unde si volumus definitionem restringere ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6388 virtutes prout distinguuntur a donis, dicemus quod hoc quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6389 dicitur, qua recte vivitur, intelligendum est de rectitudine vitae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6390 quae accipitur secundum regulam rationis. Similiter autem donum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6391 prout distinguitur a virtute infusa, potest dici id quod datur a
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6392 Deo in ordine ad motionem ipsius; quod scilicet facit hominem bene
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6393 sequentem suos instinctus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6394 <p title="I-II q. 68 a. 1 ad 4"><a name="36346"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6395 "ref">[36346] Iª-IIae q. 68 a. 1 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6396 dicendum quod sapientia dicitur intellectualis virtus, secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6397 quod procedit ex iudicio rationis, dicitur autem donum, secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6398 quod operatur ex instinctu divino. Et similiter dicendum est de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6399 aliis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6400 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6401 <div class="E">Articulus 2</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6402 <p title="I-II q. 68 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="36347"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6403 "ref">[36347] Iª-IIae q. 68 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6404 sic proceditur. Videtur quod dona non sint necessaria homini ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6405 salutem. Dona enim ordinantur ad quandam perfectionem ultra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6406 communem perfectionem virtutis. Non autem est homini necessarium ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6407 salutem ut huiusmodi perfectionem consequatur, quae est ultra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6408 communem statum virtutis, quia huiusmodi perfectio non cadit sub
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6409 praecepto, sed sub consilio. Ergo dona non sunt necessaria homini
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6410 ad salutem.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6411 <p title="I-II q. 68 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="36348"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6412 "ref">[36348] Iª-IIae q. 68 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6413 ad salutem hominis sufficit quod homo se bene habeat et circa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6414 divina et circa humana. Sed per virtutes theologicas homo se habet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6415 bene circa divina; per virtutes autem morales, circa humana. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6416 dona non sunt homini necessaria ad salutem.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6417 <p title="I-II q. 68 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="36349"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6418 "ref">[36349] Iª-IIae q. 68 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6419 Gregorius dicit, in II Moral., quod <i>spiritus sanctus dat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6420 sapientiam contra stultitiam, intellectum contra hebetudinem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6421 consilium contra praecipitationem, fortitudinem contra timorem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6422 scientiam contra ignorantiam, pietatem contra duritiam, timorem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6423 contra superbiam</i>. Sed sufficiens remedium potest adhiberi ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6424 omnia ista tollenda per virtutes. Ergo dona non sunt necessaria
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6425 homini ad salutem.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6426 <p title="I-II q. 68 a. 2 s. c."><a name="36350"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6427 "ref">[36350] Iª-IIae q. 68 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6428 inter dona summum videtur esse sapientia, infimum autem timor.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6429 Utrumque autem horum necessarium est ad salutem, quia de sapientia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6430 dicitur, Sap. VII, <i>neminem diligit Deus nisi eum qui cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6431 sapientia inhabitat</i>; et de timore dicitur, Eccli. I, <i>qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6432 sine timore est, non poterit iustificari</i>. Ergo etiam alia dona
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6433 media sunt necessaria ad salutem.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6434 <p title="I-II q. 68 a. 2 co."><a name="36351"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6435 "ref">[36351] Iª-IIae q. 68 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6436 dicendum quod, sicut dictum est, dona sunt quaedam hominis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6437 perfectiones, quibus homo disponitur ad hoc quod bene sequatur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6438 instinctum divinum. Unde in his in quibus non sufficit instinctus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6439 rationis, sed est necessarius spiritus sancti instinctus, per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6440 consequens est necessarium donum. Ratio autem hominis est perfecta
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6441 dupliciter a Deo, primo quidem, naturali perfectione, scilicet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6442 secundum lumen naturale rationis; alio modo, quadam supernaturali
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6443 perfectione, per virtutes theologicas, ut dictum est supra. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6444 quamvis haec secunda perfectio sit maior quam prima, tamen prima
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6445 perfectiori modo habetur ab homine quam secunda, nam prima habetur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6446 ab homine quasi plena possessio, secunda autem habetur quasi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6447 imperfecta; imperfecte enim diligimus et cognoscimus Deum.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6448 Manifestum est autem quod unumquodque quod perfecte habet naturam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6449 vel formam aliquam aut virtutem, potest per se secundum illam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6450 operari, non tamen exclusa operatione Dei, qui in omni natura et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6451 voluntate interius operatur. Sed id quod imperfecte habet naturam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6452 aliquam vel formam aut virtutem, non potest per se operari, nisi ab
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6453 altero moveatur. Sicut sol, quia est perfecte lucidus, per seipsum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6454 potest illuminare, luna autem, in qua est imperfecte natura lucis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6455 non illuminat nisi illuminata. Medicus etiam, qui perfecte novit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6456 artem medicinae, potest per se operari, sed discipulus eius, qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6457 nondum est plene instructus, non potest per se operari, nisi ab eo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6458 instruatur. Sic igitur quantum ad ea quae subsunt humanae rationi,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6459 in ordine scilicet ad finem connaturalem homini; homo potest
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6460 operari, per iudicium rationis. Si tamen etiam in hoc homo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6461 adiuvetur a Deo per specialem instinctum, hoc erit superabundantis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6462 bonitatis, unde secundum philosophos, non quicumque habebat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6463 virtutes morales acquisitas, habebat virtutes heroicas vel divinas.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6464 Sed in ordine ad finem ultimum supernaturalem, ad quem ratio movet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6465 secundum quod est aliqualiter et imperfecte formata per virtutes
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6466 theologicas; non sufficit ipsa motio rationis, nisi desuper adsit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6467 instinctus et motio spiritus sancti; secundum illud Rom. VIII,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6468 <i>qui spiritu Dei aguntur, hi filii Dei sunt; et si filii, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6469 haeredes</i>, et in Psalmo CXLII, dicitur, <i>spiritus tuus bonus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6470 deducet me in terram rectam</i>; quia scilicet in haereditatem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6471 illius terrae beatorum nullus potest pervenire, nisi moveatur et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6472 deducatur a spiritu sancto. Et ideo ad illum finem consequendum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6473 necessarium est homini habere donum spiritus sancti.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6474 <p title="I-II q. 68 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="36352"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6475 "ref">[36352] Iª-IIae q. 68 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6476 ergo dicendum quod dona excedunt communem perfectionem virtutum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6477 non quantum ad genus operum, eo modo quo consilia excedunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6478 praecepta, sed quantum ad modum operandi, secundum quod movetur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6479 homo ab altiori principio.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6480 <p title="I-II q. 68 a. 2 ad 2"><a name="36353"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6481 "ref">[36353] Iª-IIae q. 68 a. 2 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6482 dicendum quod per virtutes theologicas et morales non ita
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6483 perficitur homo in ordine ad ultimum finem, quin semper indigeat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6484 moveri quodam superiori instinctu spiritus sancti, ratione iam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6485 dicta.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6486 <p title="I-II q. 68 a. 2 ad 3"><a name="36354"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6487 "ref">[36354] Iª-IIae q. 68 a. 2 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6488 dicendum quod rationi humanae non sunt omnia cognita, neque omnia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6489 possibilia, sive accipiatur ut perfecta perfectione naturali, sive
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6490 accipiatur ut perfecta theologicis virtutibus. Unde non potest
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6491 quantum ad omnia repellere stultitiam, et alia huiusmodi, de quibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6492 ibi fit mentio. Sed Deus cuius scientiae et potestati omnia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6493 subsunt, sua motione ab omni stultitia et ignorantia et hebetudine
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6494 et duritia et ceteris huiusmodi, nos tutos reddit. Et ideo dona
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6495 spiritus sancti, quae faciunt nos bene sequentes instinctum ipsius,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6496 dicuntur contra huiusmodi defectus dari.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6497 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6498 <div class="E">Articulus 3</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6499 <p title="I-II q. 68 a. 3 arg. 1"><a name="36355"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6500 "ref">[36355] Iª-IIae q. 68 a. 3 arg. 1</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6501 sic proceditur. Videtur quod dona spiritus sancti non sint habitus.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6502 Habitus enim est qualitas in homine manens, est enim qualitas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6503 difficile mobilis, ut dicitur in praedicamentis. Sed proprium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6504 Christi est quod dona spiritus sancti in eo requiescant; ut dicitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6505 Isaiae XI. Et Ioan. I, dicitur, <i>super quem videris spiritum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6506 descendentem, et manentem super eum, hic est qui baptizat</i>, quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6507 exponens Gregorius, in II Moral., dicit, <i>in cunctis fidelibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6508 spiritus sanctus venit; sed in solo mediatore semper singulariter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6509 permanet</i>. Ergo dona spiritus sancti non sunt habitus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6510 <p title="I-II q. 68 a. 3 arg. 2"><a name="36356"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6511 "ref">[36356] Iª-IIae q. 68 a. 3 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6512 dona spiritus sancti perficiunt hominem secundum quod agitur a
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6513 spiritu Dei, sicut dictum est. Sed inquantum homo agitur a spiritu
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6514 Dei, se habet quodammodo ut instrumentum respectu eius. Non autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6515 convenit ut instrumentum perficiatur per habitum, sed principale
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6516 agens. Ergo dona spiritus sancti non sunt habitus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6517 <p title="I-II q. 68 a. 3 arg. 3"><a name="36357"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6518 "ref">[36357] Iª-IIae q. 68 a. 3 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6519 sicut dona spiritus sancti sunt ex inspiratione divina, ita et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6520 donum prophetiae. Sed prophetia non est habitus, non enim semper
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6521 spiritus prophetiae adest prophetis, ut Gregorius dicit, in I
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6522 homilia Ezechielis. Ergo neque etiam dona spiritus sancti sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6523 habitus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6524 <p title="I-II q. 68 a. 3 s. c."><a name="36358"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6525 "ref">[36358] Iª-IIae q. 68 a. 3 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6526 est quod dominus dicit discipulis, de spiritu sancto loquens, Ioan.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6527 XIV, <i>apud vos manebit, et in vobis erit</i>. Spiritus autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6528 sanctus non est in hominibus absque donis eius. Ergo dona eius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6529 manent in hominibus. Ergo non solum sunt actus vel passiones, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6530 etiam habitus permanentes.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6531 <p title="I-II q. 68 a. 3 co."><a name="36359"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6532 "ref">[36359] Iª-IIae q. 68 a. 3 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6533 dicendum quod, sicut dictum est, dona sunt quaedam perfectiones
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6534 hominis, quibus disponitur ad hoc quod homo bene sequatur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6535 instinctum spiritus sancti. Manifestum est autem ex supradictis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6536 quod virtutes morales perficiunt vim appetitivam secundum quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6537 participat aliqualiter rationem, inquantum scilicet nata est moveri
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6538 per imperium rationis. Hoc igitur modo dona spiritus sancti se
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6539 habent ad hominem in comparatione ad spiritum sanctum, sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6540 virtutes morales se habent ad vim appetitivam in comparatione ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6541 rationem. Virtutes autem morales habitus quidam sunt, quibus vires
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6542 appetitivae disponuntur ad prompte obediendum rationi. Unde et dona
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6543 spiritus sancti sunt quidam habitus, quibus homo perficitur ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6544 prompte obediendum spiritui sancto.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6545 <p title="I-II q. 68 a. 3 ad 1"><a name="36360"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6546 "ref">[36360] Iª-IIae q. 68 a. 3 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6547 ergo dicendum quod Gregorius ibidem solvit, dicens quod <i>in illis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6548 donis sine quibus ad vitam perveniri non potest, spiritus sanctus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6549 in electis omnibus semper manet, sed in aliis non semper manet</i>.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6550 Septem autem dona sunt necessaria ad salutem, ut dictum est. Unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6551 quantum ad ea, spiritus sanctus semper manet in sanctis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6552 <p title="I-II q. 68 a. 3 ad 2"><a name="36361"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6553 "ref">[36361] Iª-IIae q. 68 a. 3 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6554 dicendum quod ratio illa procedit de instrumento cuius non est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6555 agere, sed solum agi. Tale autem instrumentum non est homo; sed sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6556 agitur a spiritu sancto, quod etiam agit, inquantum est liberi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6557 arbitrii. Unde indiget habitu.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6558 <p title="I-II q. 68 a. 3 ad 3"><a name="36362"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6559 "ref">[36362] Iª-IIae q. 68 a. 3 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6560 dicendum quod prophetia est de donis quae sunt ad manifestationem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6561 spiritus, non autem ad necessitatem salutis. Unde non est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6562 simile.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6563 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6564 <div class="E">Articulus 4</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6565 <p title="I-II q. 68 a. 4 arg. 1"><a name="36363"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6566 "ref">[36363] Iª-IIae q. 68 a. 4 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quartum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6567 sic proceditur. Videtur quod inconvenienter septem dona spiritus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6568 sancti enumerentur. In illa enim enumeratione ponuntur quatuor
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6569 pertinentia ad virtutes intellectuales, scilicet sapientia,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6570 intellectus, scientia et consilium, quod pertinet ad prudentiam,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6571 nihil autem ibi ponitur quod pertineat ad artem, quae est quinta
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6572 virtus intellectualis. Similiter etiam ponitur aliquid pertinens ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6573 iustitiam, scilicet pietas, et aliquid pertinens ad fortitudinem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6574 scilicet donum fortitudinis, nihil autem ponitur ibi pertinens ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6575 temperantiam. Ergo insufficienter enumerantur dona.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6576 <p title="I-II q. 68 a. 4 arg. 2"><a name="36364"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6577 "ref">[36364] Iª-IIae q. 68 a. 4 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6578 pietas est pars iustitiae. Sed circa fortitudinem non ponitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6579 aliqua pars eius, sed ipsa fortitudo. Ergo non debuit poni pietas,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6580 sed ipsa iustitia.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6581 <p title="I-II q. 68 a. 4 arg. 3"><a name="36365"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6582 "ref">[36365] Iª-IIae q. 68 a. 4 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6583 virtutes theologicae maxime ordinant nos ad Deum. Cum ergo dona
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6584 perficiant hominem secundum quod movetur a Deo, videtur quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6585 debuissent poni aliqua dona pertinentia ad theologicas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6586 virtutes.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6587 <p title="I-II q. 68 a. 4 arg. 4"><a name="36366"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6588 "ref">[36366] Iª-IIae q. 68 a. 4 arg. 4</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6589 sicut Deus timetur, ita etiam amatur, et in ipsum aliquis sperat,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6590 et de eo delectatur. Amor autem, spes et delectatio sunt passiones
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6591 condivisae timori. Ergo, sicut timor ponitur donum, ita et alia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6592 tria debent poni dona.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6593 <p title="I-II q. 68 a. 4 arg. 5"><a name="36367"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6594 "ref">[36367] Iª-IIae q. 68 a. 4 arg. 5</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6595 intellectui adiungitur sapientia quae regit ipsum; fortitudini
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6596 autem consilium, pietati vero scientia. Ergo et timori debuit addi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6597 aliquod donum directivum. Inconvenienter ergo septem dona spiritus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6598 sancti enumerantur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6599 <p title="I-II q. 68 a. 4 s. c."><a name="36368"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6600 "ref">[36368] Iª-IIae q. 68 a. 4 s. c.</span></a> Sed in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6601 contrarium est auctoritas Scripturae, Isaiae XI.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6602 <p title="I-II q. 68 a. 4 co."><a name="36369"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6603 "ref">[36369] Iª-IIae q. 68 a. 4 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6604 dicendum quod, sicut dictum est, dona sunt quidam habitus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6605 perficientes hominem ad hoc quod prompte sequatur instinctum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6606 spiritus sancti, sicut virtutes morales perficiunt vires
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6607 appetitivas ad obediendum rationi. Sicut autem vires appetitivae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6608 natae sunt moveri per imperium rationis, ita omnes vires humanae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6609 natae sunt moveri per instinctum Dei, sicut a quadam superiori
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6610 potentia. Et ideo in omnibus viribus hominis quae possunt esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6611 principia humanorum actuum, sicut sunt virtutes, ita etiam sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6612 dona, scilicet in ratione, et in vi appetitiva. Ratio autem est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6613 speculativa et practica, et in utraque consideratur apprehensio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6614 veritatis, quae pertinet ad inventionem; et iudicium de veritate.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6615 Ad apprehensionem igitur veritatis, perficitur speculativa ratio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6616 per intellectum; practica vero per consilium. Ad recte autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6617 iudicandum, speculativa quidem per sapientiam, practica vero per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6618 scientiam perficitur. Appetitiva autem virtus, in his quidem quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6619 sunt ad alterum, perficitur per pietatem. In his autem quae sunt ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6620 seipsum, perficitur per fortitudinem contra terrorem periculorum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6621 contra concupiscentiam vero inordinatam delectabilium, per timorem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6622 secundum illud Proverb. XV, <i>per timorem domini declinat omnis a
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6623 malo</i>; et in Psalmo CXVIII, <i>confige timore tuo carnes meas, a
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6624 iudiciis enim tuis timui</i>. Et sic patet quod haec dona extendunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6625 se ad omnia ad quae se extendunt virtutes tam intellectuales quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6626 morales.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6627 <p title="I-II q. 68 a. 4 ad 1"><a name="36370"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6628 "ref">[36370] Iª-IIae q. 68 a. 4 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6629 ergo dicendum quod dona spiritus sancti perficiunt hominem in his
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6630 quae pertinent ad bene vivendum, ad quae non ordinatur ars, sed ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6631 exteriora factibilia; est enim ars ratio recta non agibilium, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6632 factibilium, ut dicitur in VI Ethic. Potest tamen dici quod,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6633 quantum ad infusionem donorum, ars pertinet ad spiritum sanctum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6634 qui est principaliter movens; non autem ad homines, qui sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6635 quaedam organa eius dum ab eo moventur. Temperantiae autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6636 respondet quodammodo donum timoris. Sicut enim ad virtutem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6637 temperantiae pertinet, secundum eius propriam rationem, ut aliquis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6638 recedat a delectationibus pravis propter bonum rationis; ita ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6639 donum timoris pertinet quod aliquis recedat a delectationibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6640 pravis propter Dei timorem.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6641 <p title="I-II q. 68 a. 4 ad 2"><a name="36371"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6642 "ref">[36371] Iª-IIae q. 68 a. 4 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6643 dicendum quod nomen iustitiae imponitur a rectitudine rationis, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6644 ideo nomen virtutis est convenientius quam nomen doni. Sed nomen
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6645 pietatis importat reverentiam quam habemus ad patrem et ad patriam.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6646 Et quia pater omnium Deus est, etiam cultus Dei pietas nominatur;
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6647 ut Augustinus dicit, X de Civ. Dei. Et ideo convenienter donum quo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6648 aliquis propter reverentiam Dei bonum operatur ad omnes, pietas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6649 nominatur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6650 <p title="I-II q. 68 a. 4 ad 3"><a name="36372"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6651 "ref">[36372] Iª-IIae q. 68 a. 4 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6652 dicendum quod animus hominis non movetur a spiritu sancto, nisi ei
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6653 secundum aliquem modum uniatur, sicut instrumentum non movetur ab
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6654 artifice nisi per contactum, aut per aliquam aliam unionem. Prima
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6655 autem unio hominis est per fidem, spem et caritatem. Unde istae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6656 virtutes praesupponuntur ad dona, sicut radices quaedam donorum.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6657 Unde omnia dona pertinent ad has tres virtutes, sicut quaedam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6658 derivationes praedictarum virtutum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6659 <p title="I-II q. 68 a. 4 ad 4"><a name="36373"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6660 "ref">[36373] Iª-IIae q. 68 a. 4 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6661 dicendum quod amor et spes et delectatio habent bonum pro obiecto.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6662 Summum autem bonum Deus est, unde nomina harum passionum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6663 transferuntur ad virtutes theologicas, quibus anima coniungitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6664 Deo. Timoris autem obiectum est malum, quod Deo nullo modo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6665 competit, unde non importat coniunctionem ad Deum, sed magis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6666 recessum ab aliquibus rebus propter reverentiam Dei. Et ideo non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6667 est nomen virtutis theologicae, sed doni, quod eminentius retrahit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6668 a malis quam virtus moralis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6669 <p title="I-II q. 68 a. 4 ad 5"><a name="36374"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6670 "ref">[36374] Iª-IIae q. 68 a. 4 ad 5</span></a> Ad quintum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6671 dicendum quod per sapientiam dirigitur et hominis intellectus, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6672 hominis affectus. Et ideo ponuntur duo correspondentia sapientiae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6673 tanquam directivo, ex parte quidem intellectus, donum intellectus;
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6674 ex parte autem affectus, donum timoris. Ratio enim timendi Deum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6675 praecipue sumitur ex consideratione excellentiae divinae, quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6676 considerat sapientia.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6677 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6678 <div class="E">Articulus 5</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6679 <p title="I-II q. 68 a. 5 arg. 1"><a name="36375"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6680 "ref">[36375] Iª-IIae q. 68 a. 5 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quintum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6681 sic proceditur. Videtur quod dona non sint connexa. Dicit enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6682 apostolus, I ad Cor. XII, <i>alii datur per spiritum sermo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6683 sapientiae, alii sermo scientiae secundum eundem spiritum</i>. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6684 sapientia et scientia inter dona spiritus sancti computantur. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6685 dona spiritus sancti dantur diversis, et non connectuntur sibi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6686 invicem in eodem.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6687 <p title="I-II q. 68 a. 5 arg. 2"><a name="36376"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6688 "ref">[36376] Iª-IIae q. 68 a. 5 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6689 Augustinus dicit, in XIV de Trin., quod <i>scientia non pollent
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6690 fideles plurimi, quamvis polleant ipsa fide</i>. Sed fidem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6691 concomitatur aliquod de donis, ad minus donum timoris. Ergo videtur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6692 quod dona non sint ex necessitate connexa in uno et eodem.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6693 <p title="I-II q. 68 a. 5 arg. 3"><a name="36377"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6694 "ref">[36377] Iª-IIae q. 68 a. 5 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6695 Gregorius, in I Moral., dicit quod <i>minor est sapientia, si
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6696 intellectu careat; et valde inutilis est intellectus, si ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6697 sapientia non subsistat. Vile est consilium, cui opus fortitudinis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6698 deest; et valde fortitudo destruitur, nisi per consilium fulciatur.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6699 Nulla est scientia, si utilitatem pietatis non habet; et valde
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6700 inutilis est pietas, si scientiae discretione caret. Timor quoque
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6701 ipse, si non has virtutes habuerit, ad nullum opus bonae actionis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6702 surgit</i>. Ex quibus videtur quod unum donum possit sine alio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6703 haberi. Non ergo dona spiritus sancti sunt connexa.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6704 <p title="I-II q. 68 a. 5 s. c."><a name="36378"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6705 "ref">[36378] Iª-IIae q. 68 a. 5 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6706 est quod ibidem Gregorius praemittit, dicens, <i>illud in hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6707 filiorum convivio perscrutandum videtur, quod semetipsos invicem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6708 pascunt</i>. Per filios autem Iob, de quibus loquitur, designantur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6709 dona spiritus sancti. Ergo dona spiritus sancti sunt connexa, per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6710 hoc quod se invicem reficiunt.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6711 <p title="I-II q. 68 a. 5 co."><a name="36379"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6712 "ref">[36379] Iª-IIae q. 68 a. 5 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6713 dicendum quod huius quaestionis veritas de facili ex praemissis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6714 potest haberi. Dictum est enim supra quod sicut vires appetitivae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6715 disponuntur per virtutes morales in comparatione ad regimen
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6716 rationis, ita omnes vires animae disponuntur per dona in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6717 comparatione ad spiritum sanctum moventem. Spiritus autem sanctus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6718 habitat in nobis per caritatem, secundum illud Rom. V, <i>caritas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6719 Dei diffusa est in cordibus nostris per spiritum sanctum, qui datus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6720 est nobis</i>, sicut et ratio nostra perficitur per prudentiam.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6721 Unde sicut virtutes morales connectuntur sibi invicem in prudentia,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6722 ita dona spiritus sancti connectuntur sibi invicem in caritate, ita
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6723 scilicet quod qui caritatem habet, omnia dona spiritus sancti
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6724 habet; quorum nullum sine caritate haberi potest.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6725 <p title="I-II q. 68 a. 5 ad 1"><a name="36380"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6726 "ref">[36380] Iª-IIae q. 68 a. 5 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6727 ergo dicendum quod sapientia et scientia uno modo possunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6728 considerari secundum quod sunt gratiae gratis datae, prout scilicet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6729 aliquis abundat intantum in cognitione rerum divinarum et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6730 humanarum, ut possit et fideles instruere et adversarios confutare.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6731 Et sic loquitur ibi apostolus de sapientia et scientia, unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6732 signanter fit mentio de sermone sapientiae et scientiae. Alio modo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6733 possunt accipi prout sunt dona spiritus sancti. Et sic sapientia et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6734 scientia nihil aliud sunt quam quaedam perfectiones humanae mentis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6735 secundum quas disponitur ad sequendum instinctus spiritus sancti in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6736 cognitione divinorum vel humanorum. Et sic patet quod huiusmodi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6737 dona sunt in omnibus habentibus caritatem.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6738 <p title="I-II q. 68 a. 5 ad 2"><a name="36381"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6739 "ref">[36381] Iª-IIae q. 68 a. 5 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6740 dicendum quod Augustinus ibi loquitur de scientia exponens
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6741 praedictam auctoritatem apostoli, unde loquitur de scientia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6742 praedicto modo accepta, secundum quod est gratia gratis data. Quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6743 patet ex hoc quod subdit, <i>aliud enim est scire tantummodo quid
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6744 homo credere debeat propter adipiscendam vitam beatam, quae non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6745 nisi aeterna est; aliud autem scire quemadmodum hoc ipsum et piis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6746 opituletur, et contra impios defendatur; quam proprio appellare
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6747 vocabulo scientiam videtur apostolus</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6748 <p title="I-II q. 68 a. 5 ad 3"><a name="36382"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6749 "ref">[36382] Iª-IIae q. 68 a. 5 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6750 dicendum quod, sicut uno modo connexio virtutum cardinalium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6751 probatur per hoc quod una earum perficitur quodammodo per aliam, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6752 supra dictum est; ita Gregorius eodem modo vult probare connexionem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6753 donorum, per hoc quod unum sine alio non potest esse perfectum.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6754 Unde praemittit dicens, <i>valde singula quaelibet destituitur, si
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6755 non una alii virtus virtuti suffragetur</i>. Non ergo datur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6756 intelligi quod unum donum possit esse sine alio, sed quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6757 intellectus, si esset sine sapientia, non esset donum; sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6758 temperantia, si esset sine iustitia, non esset virtus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6759 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6760 <div class="E">Articulus 6</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6761 <p title="I-II q. 68 a. 6 arg. 1"><a name="36383"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6762 "ref">[36383] Iª-IIae q. 68 a. 6 arg. 1</span></a> Ad sextum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6763 sic proceditur. Videtur quod dona spiritus sancti non maneant in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6764 patria. Dicit enim Gregorius, in II Moral., quod <i>spiritus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6765 sanctus contra singula tentamenta septem donis erudit mentem</i>.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6766 Sed in patria non erunt aliqua tentamenta; secundum illud Isaiae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6767 XI, <i>non nocebunt et non occident in universo monte sancto
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6768 meo</i>. Ergo dona spiritus sancti non erunt in patria.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6769 <p title="I-II q. 68 a. 6 arg. 2"><a name="36384"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6770 "ref">[36384] Iª-IIae q. 68 a. 6 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6771 dona spiritus sancti sunt habitus quidam, ut supra dictum est.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6772 Frustra autem essent habitus, ubi actus esse non possunt. Actus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6773 autem quorundam donorum in patria esse non possunt, dicit enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6774 Gregorius, in I Moral., quod <i>intellectus facit audita penetrare,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6775 et consilium prohibet esse praecipitem, et fortitudo facit non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6776 metuere adversa, et pietas replet cordis viscera operibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6777 misericordiae</i>; haec autem non competunt statui patriae. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6778 huiusmodi dona non erunt in statu gloriae.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6779 <p title="I-II q. 68 a. 6 arg. 3"><a name="36385"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6780 "ref">[36385] Iª-IIae q. 68 a. 6 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6781 donorum quaedam perficiunt hominem in vita contemplativa, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6782 sapientia et intellectus; quaedam in vita activa, ut pietas et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6783 fortitudo. Sed activa vita cum hac vita terminatur; ut Gregorius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6784 dicit, in VI Moral. Ergo in statu gloriae non erunt omnia dona
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6785 spiritus sancti.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6786 <p title="I-II q. 68 a. 6 s. c."><a name="36386"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6787 "ref">[36386] Iª-IIae q. 68 a. 6 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6788 est quod Ambrosius dicit, in libro de spiritu sancto, <i>civitas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6789 Dei illa, Ierusalem caelestis, non meatu alicuius fluvii terrestris
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6790 abluitur; sed ex vitae fonte procedens spiritus sanctus, cuius nos
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6791 brevi satiamur haustu, in illis caelestibus spiritibus redundantius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6792 videtur affluere, pleno septem virtutum spiritualium fervens
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6793 meatu</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6794 <p title="I-II q. 68 a. 6 co."><a name="36387"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6795 "ref">[36387] Iª-IIae q. 68 a. 6 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6796 dicendum quod de donis dupliciter possumus loqui. Uno modo, quantum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6797 ad essentiam donorum, et sic perfectissime erunt in patria, sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6798 patet per auctoritatem Ambrosii inductam. Cuius ratio est quia dona
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6799 spiritus sancti perficiunt mentem humanam ad sequendam motionem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6800 spiritus sancti, quod praecipue erit in patria, quando Deus erit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6801 omnia in omnibus, ut dicitur I ad Cor. XV, et quando homo erit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6802 totaliter subditus Deo. Alio modo possunt considerari quantum ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6803 materiam circa quam operantur, et sic in praesenti habent
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6804 operationem circa aliquam materiam circa quam non habebunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6805 operationem in statu gloriae. Et secundum hoc, non manebunt in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6806 patria, sicut supra de virtutibus cardinalibus dictum est.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6807 <p title="I-II q. 68 a. 6 ad 1"><a name="36388"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6808 "ref">[36388] Iª-IIae q. 68 a. 6 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6809 ergo dicendum quod Gregorius loquitur ibi de donis secundum quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6810 competunt statui praesenti, sic enim donis protegimur contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6811 tentamenta malorum. Sed in statu gloriae, cessantibus malis, per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6812 dona spiritus sancti perficiemur in bono.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6813 <p title="I-II q. 68 a. 6 ad 2"><a name="36389"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6814 "ref">[36389] Iª-IIae q. 68 a. 6 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6815 dicendum quod Gregorius quasi in singulis donis ponit aliquid quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6816 transit cum statu praesenti, et aliquid quod permanet etiam in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6817 futuro. Dicit enim quod sapientia mentem de aeternorum spe et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6818 certitudine reficit, quorum duorum spes transit, sed certitudo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6819 remanet. Et de intellectu dicit quod in eo quod audita penetrat,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6820 reficiendo cor, tenebras eius illustrat, quorum auditus transit,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6821 quia non docebit vir fratrem suum, ut dicitur Ierem. XXXI; sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6822 illustratio mentis manebit. De consilio autem dicit quod prohibet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6823 esse praecipitem, quod est necessarium in praesenti, et iterum quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6824 ratione animum replet, quod est necessarium etiam in futuro. De
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6825 fortitudine vero dicit quod adversa non metuit, quod est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6826 necessarium in praesenti, et iterum quod confidentiae cibos
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6827 apponit, quod permanet etiam in futuro. De scientia vero unum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6828 tantum ponit, scilicet quod ignorantiae ieiunium superat, quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6829 pertinet ad statum praesentem. Sed quod addit, in ventre mentis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6830 potest figuraliter intelligi repletio cognitionis, quae pertinet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6831 etiam ad statum futurum. De pietate vero dicit quod cordis viscera
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6832 misericordiae operibus replet. Quod quidem secundum verba, pertinet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6833 tantum ad statum praesentem. Sed ipse intimus affectus proximorum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6834 per viscera designatus, pertinet etiam ad futurum statum; in quo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6835 pietas non exhibebit misericordiae opera, sed congratulationis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6836 affectum. De timore vero dicit quod premit mentem, ne de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6837 praesentibus superbiat, quod pertinet ad statum praesentem; et quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6838 de futuris cibo spei confortat, quod etiam pertinet ad statum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6839 praesentem, quantum ad spem; sed potest etiam ad statum futurum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6840 pertinere, quantum ad confortationem de rebus hic speratis, et ibi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6841 obtentis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6842 <p title="I-II q. 68 a. 6 ad 3"><a name="36390"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6843 "ref">[36390] Iª-IIae q. 68 a. 6 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6844 dicendum quod ratio illa procedit de donis quantum ad materiam.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6845 Opera enim activae vitae non erunt materia donorum, sed omnia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6846 habebunt actus suos circa ea quae pertinent ad vitam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6847 contemplativam, quae est vita beata.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6848 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6849 <div class="E">Articulus 7</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6850 <p title="I-II q. 68 a. 7 arg. 1"><a name="36391"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6851 "ref">[36391] Iª-IIae q. 68 a. 7 arg. 1</span></a> Ad septimum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6852 sic proceditur. Videtur quod dignitas donorum non attenditur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6853 secundum enumerationem qua enumerantur Isaiae XI. Illud enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6854 videtur esse potissimum in donis, quod maxime Deus ab homine
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6855 requirit. Sed maxime requirit Deus ab homine timorem, dicitur enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6856 Deut. X, <i>et nunc, Israel, quid dominus Deus tuus petit a te,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6857 nisi ut timeas dominum Deum tuum?</i> Et Malach. I, dicitur, <i>si
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6858 ego dominus, ubi timor meus?</i> Ergo videtur quod timor, qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6859 enumeratur ultimo, non sit infimum donorum, sed maximum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6860 <p title="I-II q. 68 a. 7 arg. 2"><a name="36392"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6861 "ref">[36392] Iª-IIae q. 68 a. 7 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6862 pietas videtur esse quoddam bonum universale, dicit enim apostolus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6863 I ad Tim. IV, quod <i>pietas ad omnia utilis est</i>. Sed bonum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6864 universale praefertur particularibus bonis. Ergo pietas, quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6865 penultimo enumeratur, videtur esse potissimum donorum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6866 <p title="I-II q. 68 a. 7 arg. 3"><a name="36393"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6867 "ref">[36393] Iª-IIae q. 68 a. 7 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6868 scientia perficit iudicium hominis; consilium autem ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6869 inquisitionem pertinet. Sed iudicium praeeminet inquisitioni. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6870 scientia est potius donum quam consilium, cum tamen post
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6871 enumeretur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6872 <p title="I-II q. 68 a. 7 arg. 4"><a name="36394"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6873 "ref">[36394] Iª-IIae q. 68 a. 7 arg. 4</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6874 fortitudo pertinet ad vim appetitivam; scientia autem ad rationem.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6875 Sed ratio est eminentior quam vis appetitiva. Ergo et scientia est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6876 eminentius donum quam fortitudo, quae tamen primo enumeratur. Non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6877 ergo dignitas donorum attenditur secundum ordinem enumerationis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6878 eorum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6879 <p title="I-II q. 68 a. 7 s. c."><a name="36395"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6880 "ref">[36395] Iª-IIae q. 68 a. 7 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6881 est quod Augustinus dicit, in libro de Serm. Dom. in monte,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6882 <i>videtur mihi septiformis operatio spiritus sancti, de qua Isaias
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6883 loquitur, his gradibus sententiisque congruere</i> (de quibus fit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6884 mentio Matth. V); sed interest ordinis. Nam ibi (scilicet in Isaia)
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6885 <i>enumeratio ab excellentioribus coepit, hic vero, ab
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6886 inferioribus</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6887 <p title="I-II q. 68 a. 7 co."><a name="36396"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6888 "ref">[36396] Iª-IIae q. 68 a. 7 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6889 dicendum quod dignitas donorum dupliciter potest attendi, uno modo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6890 simpliciter, scilicet per comparationem ad proprios actus prout
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6891 procedunt a suis principiis; alio modo, secundum quid, scilicet per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6892 comparationem ad materiam. Simpliciter autem loquendo de dignitate
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6893 donorum, eadem est ratio comparationis in ipsis et in virtutibus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6894 quia dona ad omnes actus potentiarum animae perficiunt hominem, ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6895 quos perficiunt virtutes, ut supra dictum est. Unde sicut virtutes
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6896 intellectuales praeferuntur virtutibus moralibus; et in ipsis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6897 virtutibus intellectualibus contemplativae praeferuntur activis, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6898 sapientia intellectui, et scientia prudentiae et arti; ita tamen
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6899 quod sapientia praefertur intellectui, et intellectus scientiae,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6900 sicut prudentia et synesis eubuliae, ita etiam in donis sapientia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6901 et intellectus, scientia et consilium, praeferuntur pietati et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6902 fortitudini et timori; in quibus etiam pietas praefertur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6903 fortitudini, et fortitudo timori, sicut iustitia fortitudini, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6904 fortitudo temperantiae. Sed quantum ad materiam, fortitudo et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6905 consilium praeferuntur scientiae et pietati, quia scilicet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6906 fortitudo et consilium in arduis locum habent; pietas autem, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6907 etiam scientia, in communibus. Sic igitur donorum dignitas ordini
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6908 enumerationis respondet, partim quidem simpliciter, secundum quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6909 sapientia et intellectus omnibus praeferuntur, partim autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6910 secundum ordinem materiae, secundum quod consilium et fortitudo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6911 praeferuntur scientiae et pietati.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6912 <p title="I-II q. 68 a. 7 ad 1"><a name="36397"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6913 "ref">[36397] Iª-IIae q. 68 a. 7 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6914 ergo dicendum quod timor maxime requiritur quasi primordium quoddam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6915 perfectionis donorum, quia initium sapientiae timor domini, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6916 propter hoc quod sit ceteris dignius. Prius enim est, secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6917 ordinem generationis, ut aliquis recedat a malo, quod fit per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6918 timorem, ut dicitur Proverb. XVI; quam quod operetur bonum, quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6919 fit per alia dona.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6920 <p title="I-II q. 68 a. 7 ad 2"><a name="36398"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6921 "ref">[36398] Iª-IIae q. 68 a. 7 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6922 dicendum quod pietas non comparatur in verbis apostoli, omnibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6923 donis Dei, sed soli corporali exercitationi, de qua praemittit quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6924 ad modicum utilis est.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6925 <p title="I-II q. 68 a. 7 ad 3"><a name="36399"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6926 "ref">[36399] Iª-IIae q. 68 a. 7 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6927 dicendum quod scientia etsi praeferatur consilio ratione iudicii,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6928 tamen consilium praefertur ratione materiae, nam consilium non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6929 habet locum nisi in arduis, ut dicitur in III Ethic.; sed iudicium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6930 scientiae in omnibus locum habet.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6931 <p title="I-II q. 68 a. 7 ad 4"><a name="36400"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6932 "ref">[36400] Iª-IIae q. 68 a. 7 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6933 dicendum quod dona directiva, quae pertinent ad rationem, donis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6934 exequentibus digniora sunt, si considerentur per comparationem ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6935 actus prout egrediuntur a potentiis, ratio enim appetitivae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6936 praeeminet, ut regulans regulato. Sed ratione materiae, adiungitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6937 consilium fortitudini, sicut directivum exequenti, et similiter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6938 scientia pietati, quia scilicet consilium et fortitudo in arduis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6939 locum habent, scientia autem et pietas etiam in communibus. Et ideo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6940 consilium simul cum fortitudine, ratione materiae, numeratur ante
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6941 scientiam et pietatem.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6942 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6943 <div class="E">Articulus 8</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6944 <p title="I-II q. 68 a. 8 arg. 1"><a name="36401"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6945 "ref">[36401] Iª-IIae q. 68 a. 8 arg. 1</span></a> Ad octavum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6946 sic proceditur. Videtur quod virtutes sint praeferendae donis.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6947 Dicit enim Augustinus, in XV de Trin., de caritate loquens,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6948 <i>nullum est isto Dei dono excellentius. Solum est quod dividit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6949 inter filios regni aeterni, et filios perditionis aeternae, dantur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6950 et alia per spiritum sanctum munera, sed sine caritate nihil
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6951 prosunt</i>. Sed caritas est virtus. Ergo virtus est potior donis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6952 spiritus sancti.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6953 <p title="I-II q. 68 a. 8 arg. 2"><a name="36402"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6954 "ref">[36402] Iª-IIae q. 68 a. 8 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6955 ea quae sunt priora naturaliter, videntur esse potiora. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6956 virtutes sunt priores donis spiritus sancti, dicit enim Gregorius,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6957 in II Moral., quod <i>donum spiritus sancti in subiecta mente ante
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6958 alia iustitiam, prudentiam, fortitudinem et temperantiam format, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6959 sic eandem mentem septem mox virtutibus</i> (idest donis)
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6960 <i>temperat, ut contra stultitiam, sapientiam; contra hebetudinem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6961 intellectum; contra praecipitationem, consilium; contra timorem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6962 fortitudinem; contra ignorantiam, scientiam; contra duritiam,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6963 pietatem; contra superbiam, det timorem</i>. Ergo virtutes sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6964 potiores donis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6965 <p title="I-II q. 68 a. 8 arg. 3"><a name="36403"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6966 "ref">[36403] Iª-IIae q. 68 a. 8 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6967 virtutibus nullus male uti potest, ut Augustinus dicit. Donis autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6968 potest aliquis male uti, dicit enim Gregorius, in I Moral., quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6969 <i>hostiam nostrae precis immolamus ne sapientia elevet; ne
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6970 intellectus, dum subtiliter currit, oberret; ne consilium, dum se
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6971 multiplicat, confundat; ne fortitudo, dum fiduciam praebet,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6972 praecipitet; ne scientia, dum novit et non diligit, inflet; ne
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6973 pietas, dum se extra rectitudinem inclinat, intorqueat; ne timor,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6974 dum plus iusto trepidat, in desperationis foveam mergat</i>. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6975 virtutes sunt digniores donis spiritus sancti.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6976 <p title="I-II q. 68 a. 8 s. c."><a name="36404"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6977 "ref">[36404] Iª-IIae q. 68 a. 8 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6978 est quod dona dantur in adiutorium virtutum contra defectus, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6979 patet in auctoritate inducta; et sic videtur quod perficiant quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6980 virtutes perficere non possunt. Sunt ergo dona potiora
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6981 virtutibus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6982 <p title="I-II q. 68 a. 8 co."><a name="36405"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6983 "ref">[36405] Iª-IIae q. 68 a. 8 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6984 dicendum quod, sicut ex supradictis patet, virtutes in tria genera
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6985 distinguuntur, sunt enim quaedam virtutes theologicae, quaedam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6986 intellectuales, quaedam morales. Virtutes quidem theologicae sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6987 quibus mens humana Deo coniungitur; virtutes autem intellectuales
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6988 sunt quibus ratio ipsa perficitur; virtutes autem morales sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6989 quibus vires appetitivae perficiuntur ad obediendum rationi. Dona
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6990 autem spiritus sancti sunt quibus omnes vires animae disponuntur ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6991 hoc quod subdantur motioni divinae. Sic ergo eadem videtur esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6992 comparatio donorum ad virtutes theologicas, per quas homo unitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6993 spiritui sancto moventi; sicut virtutum moralium ad virtutes
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6994 intellectuales, per quas perficitur ratio, quae est virtutum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6995 moralium motiva. Unde sicut virtutes intellectuales praeferuntur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6996 virtutibus moralibus, et regulant eas; ita virtutes theologicae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6997 praeferuntur donis spiritus sancti, et regulant ea. Unde Gregorius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6998 dicit, in I Moral., quod <i>neque ad denarii perfectionem septem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6999 filii</i> (idest septem dona) <i>perveniunt, nisi in fide, spe et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7000 caritate fuerit omne quod agunt</i>. Sed si comparemus dona ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7001 alias virtutes intellectuales vel morales, dona praeferuntur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7002 virtutibus. Quia dona perficiunt vires animae in comparatione ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7003 spiritum sanctum moventem, virtutes autem perficiunt vel ipsam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7004 rationem, vel alias vires in ordine ad rationem. Manifestum est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7005 autem quod ad altiorem motorem oportet maiori perfectione mobile
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7006 esse dispositum. Unde perfectiora sunt dona virtutibus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7007 <p title="I-II q. 68 a. 8 ad 1"><a name="36406"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7008 "ref">[36406] Iª-IIae q. 68 a. 8 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7009 ergo dicendum quod caritas est virtus theologica; de qua concedimus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7010 quod sit potior donis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7011 <p title="I-II q. 68 a. 8 ad 2"><a name="36407"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7012 "ref">[36407] Iª-IIae q. 68 a. 8 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7013 dicendum quod aliquid est prius altero dupliciter. Uno modo, ordine
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7014 perfectionis et dignitatis, sicut dilectio Dei est prior dilectione
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7015 proximi. Et hoc modo dona sunt priora virtutibus intellectualibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7016 et moralibus, posteriora vero virtutibus theologicis. Alio modo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7017 ordine generationis seu dispositionis, sicut dilectio proximi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7018 praecedit dilectionem Dei, quantum ad actum. Et sic virtutes
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7019 morales et intellectuales praecedunt dona, quia per hoc quod homo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7020 bene se habet circa rationem propriam, disponitur ad hoc quod se
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7021 bene habeat in ordine ad Deum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7022 <p title="I-II q. 68 a. 8 ad 3"><a name="36408"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7023 "ref">[36408] Iª-IIae q. 68 a. 8 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7024 dicendum quod sapientia et intellectus et alia huiusmodi sunt dona
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7025 spiritus sancti, secundum quod caritate informantur; quae non agit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7026 perperam, ut dicitur I ad Cor. XIII. Et ideo sapientia et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7027 intellectu et aliis huiusmodi nullus male utitur, secundum quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7028 sunt dona spiritus sancti. Sed ad hoc quod a caritatis perfectione
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7029 non recedant, unum ab altero adiuvatur. Et hoc est quod Gregorius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7030 dicere intendit.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7031 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7032 <div class="D">Quaestio 69</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7033 <div class="G">Prooemium</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7034 <p title="I-II q. 69 pr."><a name="36409"><span class="ref">[36409]
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7035 Iª-IIae q. 69 pr.</span></a> Deinde considerandum est de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7036 beatitudinibus. Et circa hoc quaeruntur quatuor. Primo, utrum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7037 beatitudines a donis et virtutibus distinguantur. Secundo, de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7038 praemiis beatitudinum, utrum pertineant ad hanc vitam. Tertio, de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7039 numero beatitudinum. Quarto, de convenientia praemiorum quae eis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7040 attribuuntur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7041 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7042 <div class="E">Articulus 1</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7043 <p title="I-II q. 69 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="36410"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7044 "ref">[36410] Iª-IIae q. 69 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7045 sic proceditur. Videtur quod beatitudines a virtutibus et donis non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7046 distinguantur. Augustinus enim, in libro de Serm. Dom. in monte,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7047 attribuit beatitudines in Matthaeo enumeratas, donis spiritus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7048 sancti, Ambrosius autem, super Lucam, attribuit beatitudines ibi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7049 enumeratas quatuor virtutibus cardinalibus. Ergo beatitudines non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7050 distinguuntur a virtutibus et donis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7051 <p title="I-II q. 69 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="36411"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7052 "ref">[36411] Iª-IIae q. 69 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7053 humanae voluntatis non est nisi duplex regula, scilicet ratio, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7054 lex aeterna, ut supra habitum est. Sed virtutes perficiunt hominem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7055 in ordine ad rationem; dona autem in ordine ad legem aeternam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7056 spiritus sancti, ut ex dictis patet. Ergo non potest esse aliquid
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7057 aliud pertinens ad rectitudinem voluntatis humanae, praeter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7058 virtutes et dona. Non ergo beatitudines ab eis distinguuntur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7059 <p title="I-II q. 69 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="36412"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7060 "ref">[36412] Iª-IIae q. 69 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7061 in enumeratione beatitudinum ponitur mititas, et iustitia, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7062 misericordia; quae dicuntur esse quaedam virtutes. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7063 beatitudines non distinguuntur a virtutibus et donis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7064 <p title="I-II q. 69 a. 1 s. c."><a name="36413"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7065 "ref">[36413] Iª-IIae q. 69 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7066 est quod quaedam enumerantur inter beatitudines, quae nec sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7067 virtutes nec dona; sicut paupertas, et luctus, et pax. Differunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7068 ergo beatitudines et a virtutibus et a donis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7069 <p title="I-II q. 69 a. 1 co."><a name="36414"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7070 "ref">[36414] Iª-IIae q. 69 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7071 dicendum quod, sicut supra dictum est, beatitudo est ultimus finis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7072 humanae vitae. Dicitur autem aliquis iam finem habere, propter spem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7073 finis obtinendi, unde et philosophus dicit, in I Ethic., quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7074 <i>pueri dicuntur beati propter spem</i>; et apostolus dicit, Rom.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7075 VIII, <i>spe salvi facti sumus</i>. Spes autem de fine consequendo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7076 insurgit ex hoc quod aliquis convenienter movetur ad finem, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7077 appropinquat ad ipsum, quod quidem fit per aliquam actionem. Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7078 finem autem beatitudinis movetur aliquis et appropinquat per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7079 operationes virtutum; et praecipue per operationes donorum, si
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7080 loquamur de beatitudine aeterna, ad quam ratio non sufficit, sed in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7081 eam inducit spiritus sanctus, ad cuius obedientiam et sequelam per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7082 dona perficimur. Et ideo beatitudines distinguuntur quidem a
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7083 virtutibus et donis, non sicut habitus ab eis distincti, sed sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7084 actus distinguuntur ab habitibus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7085 <p title="I-II q. 69 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="36415"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7086 "ref">[36415] Iª-IIae q. 69 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7087 ergo dicendum quod Augustinus et Ambrosius attribuunt beatitudines
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7088 donis et virtutibus, sicut actus attribuuntur habitibus. Dona autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7089 sunt eminentiora virtutibus cardinalibus, ut supra dictum est. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7090 ideo Ambrosius, exponens beatitudines turbis propositas, attribuit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7091 eas virtutibus cardinalibus; Augustinus autem, exponens
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7092 beatitudines discipulis propositas in monte, tanquam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7093 perfectioribus, attribuit eas donis spiritus sancti.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7094 <p title="I-II q. 69 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="36416"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7095 "ref">[36416] Iª-IIae q. 69 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7096 dicendum quod ratio illa probat quod non sunt alii habitus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7097 rectificantes humanam vitam, praeter virtutes et dona.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7098 <p title="I-II q. 69 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="36417"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7099 "ref">[36417] Iª-IIae q. 69 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7100 dicendum quod mititas accipitur pro actu mansuetudinis, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7101 similiter dicendum est de iustitia et de misericordia. Et quamvis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7102 haec videantur esse virtutes, attribuuntur tamen donis, quia etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7103 dona perficiunt hominem circa omnia circa quae perficiunt virtutes,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7104 ut dictum est.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7105 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7106 <div class="E">Articulus 2</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7107 <p title="I-II q. 69 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="36418"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7108 "ref">[36418] Iª-IIae q. 69 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7109 sic proceditur. Videtur quod praemia quae attribuuntur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7110 beatitudinibus, non pertineant ad hanc vitam. Dicuntur enim aliqui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7111 beati propter spem praemiorum, ut dictum est. Sed obiectum spei
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7112 beatitudo est futura. Ergo praemia ista pertinent ad vitam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7113 futuram.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7114 <p title="I-II q. 69 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="36419"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7115 "ref">[36419] Iª-IIae q. 69 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7116 Luc. VI, ponuntur quaedam poenae per oppositum ad beatitudines, cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7117 dicitur, <i>vae vobis qui saturati estis, quia esurietis. Vae vobis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7118 qui ridetis nunc, quia lugebitis et flebitis</i>. Sed istae poenae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7119 non intelliguntur in hac vita, quia frequenter homines in hac vita
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7120 non puniuntur, secundum illud Iob XXI, <i>ducunt in bonis dies
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7121 suos</i>. Ergo nec praemia beatitudinum pertinent ad hanc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7122 vitam.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7123 <p title="I-II q. 69 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="36420"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7124 "ref">[36420] Iª-IIae q. 69 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7125 regnum caelorum, quod ponitur praemium paupertatis, est beatitudo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7126 caelestis; ut Augustinus dicit, XIX de Civ. Dei. Plena etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7127 saturitas non nisi in futura vita habetur; secundum illud Psalmi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7128 XVI, <i>satiabor cum apparuerit gloria tua</i>. Visio etiam Dei, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7129 manifestatio filiationis divinae, ad vitam futuram pertinent;
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7130 secundum illud I Ioan. III, <i>nunc filii Dei sumus, et nondum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7131 apparuit quid erimus. Scimus quoniam cum apparuerit, similes ei
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7132 erimus, quoniam videbimus eum sicuti est</i>. Ergo praemia illa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7133 pertinent ad vitam futuram.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7134 <p title="I-II q. 69 a. 2 s. c."><a name="36421"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7135 "ref">[36421] Iª-IIae q. 69 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7136 est quod Augustinus dicit, in libro de Serm. Dom. in monte, <i>ista
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7137 quidem in hac vita compleri possunt, sicut completa esse in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7138 apostolis credimus. Nam illa omnimoda, et in angelicam formam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7139 mutatio, quae post hanc vitam promittitur, nullis verbis exponi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7140 potest</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7141 <p title="I-II q. 69 a. 2 co."><a name="36422"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7142 "ref">[36422] Iª-IIae q. 69 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7143 dicendum quod circa ista praemia expositores sacrae Scripturae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7144 diversimode sunt locuti. Quidam enim omnia ista praemia ad futuram
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7145 beatitudinem pertinere dicunt, sicut Ambrosius, super Lucam.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7146 Augustinus vero dicit ea ad praesentem vitam pertinere.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7147 Chrysostomus autem, in suis homiliis, quaedam eorum dicit pertinere
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7148 ad futuram vitam, quaedam autem ad praesentem. Ad cuius evidentiam,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7149 considerandum est quod spes futurae beatitudinis potest esse in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7150 nobis propter duo, primo quidem, propter aliquam praeparationem vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7151 dispositionem ad futuram beatitudinem, quod est per modum meriti;
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7152 alio modo, per quandam inchoationem imperfectam futurae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7153 beatitudinis in viris sanctis, etiam in hac vita. Aliter enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7154 habetur spes fructificationis arboris cum virescit frondibus, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7155 aliter cum iam primordia fructuum incipiunt apparere. Sic igitur ea
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7156 quae in beatitudinibus tanguntur tanquam merita, sunt quaedam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7157 praeparationes vel dispositiones ad beatitudinem, vel perfectam vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7158 inchoatam. Ea vero quae ponuntur tanquam praemia, possunt esse vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7159 ipsa beatitudo perfecta, et sic pertinent ad futuram vitam, vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7160 aliqua inchoatio beatitudinis, sicut est in viris perfectis, et sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7161 praemia pertinent ad praesentem vitam. Cum enim aliquis incipit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7162 proficere in actibus virtutum et donorum, potest sperari de eo quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7163 perveniet et ad perfectionem viae, et ad perfectionem patriae.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7164 <p title="I-II q. 69 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="36423"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7165 "ref">[36423] Iª-IIae q. 69 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7166 ergo dicendum quod spes est de futura beatitudine sicut de ultimo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7167 fine, potest etiam esse et de auxilio gratiae, sicut de eo quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7168 ducit ad finem, secundum illud Psalmi XXVII, <i>in Deo speravit cor
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7169 meum, et adiutus sum</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7170 <p title="I-II q. 69 a. 2 ad 2"><a name="36424"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7171 "ref">[36424] Iª-IIae q. 69 a. 2 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7172 dicendum quod mali, etsi interdum in hac vita temporales poenas non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7173 patiantur, patiuntur tamen spirituales. Unde Augustinus dicit, in I
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7174 Confess., <i>iussisti, domine, et sic est, ut poena sibi sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7175 inordinatus animus</i>. Et philosophus dicit, in IX Ethic., de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7176 malis, quod <i>contendit ipsorum anima, et hoc quidem huc trahit,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7177 illud autem illuc</i>; et postea concludit, <i>si autem sic miserum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7178 est malum esse, fugiendum est malitiam intense</i>. Et similiter e
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7179 converso boni, etsi in hac vita quandoque non habeant corporalia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7180 praemia, nunquam tamen deficiunt a spiritualibus, etiam in hac
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7181 vita; secundum illud Matth. XIX, et Marc. X, <i>centuplum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7182 accipietis etiam in hoc saeculo</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7183 <p title="I-II q. 69 a. 2 ad 3"><a name="36425"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7184 "ref">[36425] Iª-IIae q. 69 a. 2 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7185 dicendum quod omnia illa praemia perfecte quidem consummabuntur in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7186 vita futura, sed interim etiam in hac vita quodammodo inchoantur.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7187 Nam regnum caelorum, ut Augustinus dicit, potest intelligi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7188 perfectae sapientiae initium, secundum quod incipit in eis spiritus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7189 regnare. Possessio etiam terrae significat affectum bonum animae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7190 requiescentis per desiderium in stabilitate haereditatis perpetuae,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7191 per terram significatae. Consolantur autem in hac vita, spiritum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7192 sanctum, qui Paracletus, idest consolator, dicitur, participando.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7193 Saturantur etiam in hac vita illo cibo de quo dominus dicit,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7194 <i>meus cibus est ut faciam voluntatem patris mei</i>. In hac etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7195 vita consequuntur homines misericordiam Dei. In hac etiam vita,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7196 purgato oculo per donum intellectus, Deus quodammodo videri potest.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7197 Similiter etiam in hac vita qui motus suos pacificant, ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7198 similitudinem Dei accedentes, filii Dei nominantur. Tamen haec
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7199 perfectius erunt in patria.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7200 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7201 <div class="E">Articulus 3</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7202 <p title="I-II q. 69 a. 3 arg. 1"><a name="36426"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7203 "ref">[36426] Iª-IIae q. 69 a. 3 arg. 1</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7204 sic proceditur. Videtur quod inconvenienter enumerentur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7205 beatitudines. Attribuuntur enim beatitudines donis, ut dictum est.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7206 Donorum autem quaedam pertinent ad vitam contemplativam, scilicet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7207 sapientia et intellectus, nulla autem beatitudo ponitur in actu
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7208 contemplationis, sed omnes in his quae pertinent ad vitam activam.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7209 Ergo insufficienter beatitudines enumerantur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7210 <p title="I-II q. 69 a. 3 arg. 2"><a name="36427"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7211 "ref">[36427] Iª-IIae q. 69 a. 3 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7212 ad vitam activam non solum pertinent dona exequentia; sed etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7213 quaedam dona dirigentia, ut scientia et consilium. Nihil autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7214 ponitur inter beatitudines quod directe ad actum scientiae vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7215 consilii pertinere videatur. Ergo insufficienter beatitudines
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7216 tanguntur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7217 <p title="I-II q. 69 a. 3 arg. 3"><a name="36428"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7218 "ref">[36428] Iª-IIae q. 69 a. 3 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7219 inter dona exequentia in vita activa, timor ponitur ad paupertatem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7220 pertinere; pietas autem videtur pertinere ad beatitudinem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7221 misericordiae. Nihil autem ponitur directe ad fortitudinem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7222 pertinens. Ergo insufficienter enumerantur beatitudines.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7223 <p title="I-II q. 69 a. 3 arg. 4"><a name="36429"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7224 "ref">[36429] Iª-IIae q. 69 a. 3 arg. 4</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7225 in sacra Scriptura tanguntur multae aliae beatitudines, sicut Iob
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7226 V, dicitur, <i>beatus homo qui corripitur a domino</i>; et in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7227 Psalmo I, <i>beatus vir qui non abiit in consilio impiorum</i>; et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7228 Proverb. III, <i>beatus vir qui invenit sapientiam</i>. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7229 insufficienter beatitudines enumerantur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7230 <p title="I-II q. 69 a. 3 s. c. 1"><a name="36430"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7231 "ref">[36430] Iª-IIae q. 69 a. 3 s. c. 1</span></a> Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7232 contra, videtur quod superflue enumerentur. Sunt enim septem dona
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7233 spiritus sancti. Beatitudines autem tanguntur octo.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7234 <p title="I-II q. 69 a. 3 s. c. 2"><a name="36431"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7235 "ref">[36431] Iª-IIae q. 69 a. 3 s. c. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7236 Luc. VI, ponuntur quatuor tantum beatitudines. Superflue ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7237 enumerantur septem, vel octo, in Matthaeo.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7238 <p title="I-II q. 69 a. 3 co."><a name="36432"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7239 "ref">[36432] Iª-IIae q. 69 a. 3 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7240 dicendum quod beatitudines istae convenientissime enumerantur. Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7241 cuius evidentiam, est considerandum quod triplicem beatitudinem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7242 aliqui posuerunt, quidam enim posuerunt beatitudinem in vita
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7243 voluptuosa; quidam in vita activa; quidam vero in vita
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7244 contemplativa. Hae autem tres beatitudines diversimode se habent ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7245 beatitudinem futuram, cuius spe dicimur hic beati. Nam beatitudo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7246 voluptuosa, quia falsa est et rationi contraria, impedimentum est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7247 beatitudinis futurae. Beatitudo vero activae vitae dispositiva est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7248 ad beatitudinem futuram. Beatitudo autem contemplativa, si sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7249 perfecta, est essentialiter ipsa futura beatitudo, si autem sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7250 imperfecta, est quaedam inchoatio eius. Et ideo dominus primo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7251 quidem posuit quasdam beatitudines quasi removentes impedimentum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7252 voluptuosae beatitudinis. Consistit enim voluptuosa vita in duobus.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7253 Primo quidem, in affluentia exteriorum bonorum, sive sint divitiae,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7254 sive sint honores. A quibus quidem retrahitur homo per virtutem sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7255 ut moderate eis utatur, per donum autem excellentiori modo, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7256 scilicet homo totaliter ea contemnat. Unde prima beatitudo ponitur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7257 beati pauperes spiritu, quod potest referri vel ad contemptum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7258 divitiarum; vel ad contemptum honorum, quod fit per humilitatem.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7259 Secundo vero voluptuosa vita consistit in sequendo proprias
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7260 passiones, sive irascibilis sive concupiscibilis. A sequela autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7261 passionum irascibilis, retrahit virtus ne homo in eis superfluat,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7262 secundum regulam rationis, donum autem excellentiori modo, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7263 scilicet homo, secundum voluntatem divinam, totaliter ab eis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7264 tranquillus reddatur. Unde secunda beatitudo ponitur, beati mites.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7265 A sequela vero passionum concupiscibilis, retrahit virtus, moderate
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7266 huiusmodi passionibus utendo, donum vero, eas, si necesse fuerit,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7267 totaliter abiiciendo; quinimmo, si necessarium fuerit, voluntarium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7268 luctum assumendo. Unde tertia beatitudo ponitur, beati qui lugent.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7269 Activa vero vita in his consistit praecipue quae proximis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7270 exhibemus, vel sub ratione debiti, vel sub ratione spontanei
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7271 beneficii. Et ad primum quidem nos virtus disponit, ut ea quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7272 debemus proximis, non recusemus exhibere, quod pertinet ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7273 iustitiam. Donum autem ad hoc ipsum abundantiori quodam affectu nos
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7274 inducit, ut scilicet ferventi desiderio opera iustitiae impleamus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7275 sicut ferventi desiderio esuriens et sitiens cupit cibum vel potum.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7276 Unde quarta beatitudo ponitur, beati qui esuriunt et sitiunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7277 iustitiam. Circa spontanea vero dona nos perficit virtus ut illis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7278 donemus quibus ratio dictat esse donandum, puta amicis aut aliis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7279 nobis coniunctis, quod pertinet ad virtutem liberalitatis. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7280 donum, propter Dei reverentiam, solam necessitatem considerat in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7281 his quibus gratuita beneficia praestat, unde dicitur Luc. XIV,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7282 <i>cum facis prandium aut coenam, noli vocare amicos neque fratres
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7283 tuos etc., sed voca pauperes et debiles</i> etc., quod proprie est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7284 misereri. Et ideo quinta beatitudo ponitur, beati misericordes. Ea
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7285 vero quae ad contemplativam vitam pertinent, vel sunt ipsa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7286 beatitudo finalis, vel aliqua inchoatio eius, et ideo non ponuntur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7287 in beatitudinibus tanquam merita, sed tanquam praemia. Ponuntur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7288 autem tanquam merita effectus activae vitae, quibus homo disponitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7289 ad contemplativam vitam. Effectus autem activae vitae, quantum ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7290 virtutes et dona quibus homo perficitur in seipso, est munditia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7291 cordis, ut scilicet mens hominis passionibus non inquinetur. Unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7292 sexta beatitudo ponitur, beati mundo corde. Quantum vero ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7293 virtutes et dona quibus homo perficitur in comparatione ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7294 proximum, effectus activae vitae est pax; secundum illud Isaiae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7295 XXXII, <i>opus iustitiae pax</i>. Et ideo septima beatitudo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7296 ponitur, beati pacifici.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7297 <p title="I-II q. 69 a. 3 ad 1"><a name="36433"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7298 "ref">[36433] Iª-IIae q. 69 a. 3 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7299 ergo dicendum quod actus donorum pertinentium ad vitam activam,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7300 exprimuntur in ipsis meritis, sed actus donorum pertinentium ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7301 vitam contemplativam, exprimuntur in praemiis, ratione iam dicta.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7302 Videre enim Deum respondet dono intellectus; et conformari Deo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7303 quadam filiatione adoptiva, pertinet ad donum sapientiae.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7304 <p title="I-II q. 69 a. 3 ad 2"><a name="36434"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7305 "ref">[36434] Iª-IIae q. 69 a. 3 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7306 dicendum quod in his quae pertinent ad activam vitam, cognitio non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7307 quaeritur propter seipsam, sed propter operationem, ut etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7308 philosophus dicit, in II Ethic. Et ideo, quia beatitudo aliquid
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7309 ultimum importat, non computantur inter beatitudines actus donorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7310 dirigentium in vita activa, quos scilicet eliciunt, sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7311 consiliari est actus consilii, et iudicare est actus scientiae, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7312 magis attribuuntur eis actus operativi in quibus dirigunt, sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7313 scientiae lugere, et consilio misereri.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7314 <p title="I-II q. 69 a. 3 ad 3"><a name="36435"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7315 "ref">[36435] Iª-IIae q. 69 a. 3 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7316 dicendum quod in attributione beatitudinum ad dona, possunt duo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7317 considerari. Quorum unum est conformitas materiae. Et secundum hoc,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7318 omnes primae quinque beatitudines possunt attribui scientiae et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7319 consilio, tanquam dirigentibus. Sed inter dona exequentia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7320 distribuuntur, ita scilicet quod esuries et sitis iustitiae, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7321 etiam misericordia, pertineant ad pietatem, quae perficit hominem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7322 in his quae sunt ad alterum; mititas autem ad fortitudinem, dicit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7323 enim Ambrosius, super Lucam, quod <i>fortitudinis est iram vincere,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7324 indignationem cohibere</i>, est enim fortitudo circa passiones
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7325 irascibilis; paupertas vero et luctus ad donum timoris, quo homo se
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7326 retrahit a cupiditatibus et delectationibus mundi. Alio modo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7327 possumus in his beatitudinibus considerare motiva ipsarum, et sic,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7328 quantum ad aliqua eorum, oportet aliter attribuere. Praecipue enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7329 ad mansuetudinem movet reverentia ad Deum; quae pertinet ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7330 pietatem. Ad lugendum autem movet praecipue scientia, per quam homo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7331 cognoscit defectus suos et rerum mundanarum; secundum illud Eccle.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7332 I, <i>qui addit scientiam, addit et dolorem</i>. Ad esuriendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7333 autem iustitiae opera, praecipue movet animi fortitudo. Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7334 miserendum vero praecipue movet consilium Dei; secundum illud Dan.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7335 IV, <i>consilium meum regi placeat, peccata tua eleemosynis redime,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7336 et iniquitates tuas misericordiis pauperum</i>. Et hunc modum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7337 attributionis sequitur Augustinus, in libro de Serm. Dom. in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7338 monte.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7339 <p title="I-II q. 69 a. 3 ad 4"><a name="36436"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7340 "ref">[36436] Iª-IIae q. 69 a. 3 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7341 dicendum quod necesse est beatitudines omnes quae in sacra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7342 Scriptura ponuntur, ad has reduci vel quantum ad merita, vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7343 quantum ad praemia, quia necesse est quod omnes pertineant aliquo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7344 modo vel ad vitam activam, vel ad vitam contemplativam. Unde quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7345 dicitur, beatus vir qui corripitur a domino, pertinet ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7346 beatitudinem luctus. Quod vero dicitur, beatus vir qui non abiit in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7347 consilio impiorum, pertinet ad munditiam cordis. Quod vero dicitur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7348 beatus vir qui invenit sapientiam, pertinet ad praemium septimae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7349 beatitudinis. Et idem patet de omnibus aliis quae possunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7350 induci.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7351 <p title="I-II q. 69 a. 3 ad 5"><a name="36437"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7352 "ref">[36437] Iª-IIae q. 69 a. 3 ad 5</span></a> Ad quintum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7353 dicendum quod octava beatitudo est quaedam confirmatio et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7354 manifestatio omnium praecedentium. Ex hoc enim quod aliquis est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7355 confirmatus in paupertate spiritus et mititate et aliis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7356 sequentibus, provenit quod ab his bonis propter nullam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7357 persecutionem recedit. Unde octava beatitudo quodammodo ad septem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7358 praecedentes pertinet.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7359 <p title="I-II q. 69 a. 3 ad 6"><a name="36438"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7360 "ref">[36438] Iª-IIae q. 69 a. 3 ad 6</span></a> Ad sextum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7361 dicendum quod Lucas narrat sermonem domini factum esse ad turbas.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7362 Unde beatitudines numerantur ab eo secundum capacitatem turbarum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7363 quae solam voluptuosam et temporalem et terrenam beatitudinem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7364 noverunt. Unde dominus per quatuor beatitudines quatuor excludit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7365 quae ad praedictam beatitudinem pertinere videntur. Quorum primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7366 est abundantia bonorum exteriorum, quod excludit per hoc quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7367 dicit, beati pauperes. Secundum est quod sit bene homini quantum ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7368 corpus, in cibis et potibus et aliis huiusmodi, et hoc excludit per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7369 secundum quod ponit, beati qui esuritis. Tertium est quod sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7370 homini bene quantum ad cordis iucunditatem, et hoc excludit tertio,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7371 dicens, beati qui nunc fletis. Quartum est exterior hominum favor,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7372 et hoc excludit quarto, dicens, beati eritis cum vos oderint
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7373 homines. Et sicut Ambrosius dicit, <i>paupertas pertinet ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7374 temperantiam, quae illecebrosa non quaerit; esuries ad iustitiam,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7375 quia qui esurit, compatitur, et, compatiendo, largitur; fletus ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7376 prudentiam, cuius est flere occidua; pati odium hominum, ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7377 fortitudinem</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7378 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7379 <div class="E">Articulus 4</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7380 <p title="I-II q. 69 a. 4 arg. 1"><a name="36439"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7381 "ref">[36439] Iª-IIae q. 69 a. 4 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quartum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7382 sic proceditur. Videtur quod praemia beatitudinum inconvenienter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7383 enumerentur. In regno enim caelorum, quod est vita aeterna, bona
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7384 omnia continentur. Posito ergo regno caelorum, non oportuit alia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7385 praemia ponere.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7386 <p title="I-II q. 69 a. 4 arg. 2"><a name="36440"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7387 "ref">[36440] Iª-IIae q. 69 a. 4 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7388 regnum caelorum ponitur pro praemio et in prima beatitudine et in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7389 octava. Ergo, eadem ratione, debuit poni in omnibus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7390 <p title="I-II q. 69 a. 4 arg. 3"><a name="36441"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7391 "ref">[36441] Iª-IIae q. 69 a. 4 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7392 in beatitudinibus proceditur ascendendo, sicut Augustinus dicit. In
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7393 praemiis autem videtur procedi descendendo, nam possessio terrae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7394 est minus quam regnum caelorum. Ergo inconvenienter huiusmodi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7395 praemia assignantur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7396 <p title="I-II q. 69 a. 4 s. c."><a name="36442"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7397 "ref">[36442] Iª-IIae q. 69 a. 4 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7398 est auctoritas ipsius domini, praemia huiusmodi proponentis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7399 <p title="I-II q. 69 a. 4 co."><a name="36443"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7400 "ref">[36443] Iª-IIae q. 69 a. 4 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7401 dicendum quod praemia ista convenientissime assignantur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7402 considerata conditione beatitudinum secundum tres beatitudines
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7403 supra assignatas. Tres enim primae beatitudines accipiuntur per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7404 retractionem ab his in quibus voluptuosa beatitudo consistit, quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7405 homo desiderat quaerens id quod naturaliter desideratur, non ubi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7406 quaerere debet, scilicet in Deo, sed in rebus temporalibus et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7407 caducis. Et ideo praemia trium primarum beatitudinum accipiuntur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7408 secundum ea quae in beatitudine terrena aliqui quaerunt. Quaerunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7409 enim homines in rebus exterioribus, scilicet divitiis et honoribus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7410 excellentiam quandam et abundantiam, quorum utrumque importat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7411 regnum caelorum, per quod homo consequitur excellentiam et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7412 abundantiam bonorum in Deo. Et ideo regnum caelorum dominus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7413 pauperibus spiritu repromisit. Quaerunt autem homines feroces et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7414 immites per litigia et bella securitatem sibi acquirere, inimicos
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7415 suos destruendo. Unde dominus repromisit mitibus securam et quietam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7416 possessionem terrae viventium, per quam significatur soliditas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7417 aeternorum bonorum. Quaerunt autem homines in concupiscentiis et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7418 delectationibus mundi, habere consolationem contra praesentis vitae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7419 labores. Et ideo dominus consolationem lugentibus repromittit.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7420 Aliae vero duae beatitudines pertinent ad opera activae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7421 beatitudinis, quae sunt opera virtutum ordinantium hominem ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7422 proximum, a quibus operibus aliqui retrahuntur propter inordinatum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7423 amorem proprii boni. Et ideo dominus attribuit illa praemia his
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7424 beatitudinibus, propter quae homines ab eis discedunt. Discedunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7425 enim aliqui ab operibus iustitiae, non reddentes debitum, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7426 potius aliena rapientes ut bonis temporalibus repleantur. Et ideo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7427 dominus esurientibus iustitiam, saturitatem repromisit. Discedunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7428 etiam aliqui ab operibus misericordiae, ne se immisceant miseriis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7429 alienis. Et ideo dominus misericordibus repromittit misericordiam,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7430 per quam ab omni miseria liberentur. Aliae vero duae ultimae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7431 beatitudines pertinent ad contemplativam felicitatem seu
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7432 beatitudinem, et ideo secundum convenientiam dispositionum quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7433 ponuntur in merito, praemia redduntur. Nam munditia oculi disponit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7434 ad clare videndum, unde mundis corde divina visio repromittitur.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7435 Constituere vero pacem vel in seipso vel inter alios, manifestat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7436 hominem esse Dei imitatorem, qui est Deus unitatis et pacis. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7437 ideo pro praemio redditur ei gloria divinae filiationis, quae est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7438 in perfecta coniunctione ad Deum per sapientiam consummatam.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7439 <p title="I-II q. 69 a. 4 ad 1"><a name="36444"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7440 "ref">[36444] Iª-IIae q. 69 a. 4 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7441 ergo dicendum quod, sicut Chrysostomus dicit, omnia praemia ista
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7442 unum sunt in re, scilicet beatitudo aeterna; quam intellectus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7443 humanus non capit. Et ideo oportuit quod per diversa bona nobis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7444 nota, describeretur, observata convenientia ad merita quibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7445 praemia attribuuntur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7446 <p title="I-II q. 69 a. 4 ad 2"><a name="36445"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7447 "ref">[36445] Iª-IIae q. 69 a. 4 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7448 dicendum quod, sicut octava beatitudo est firmitas quaedam omnium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7449 beatitudinum, ita debentur sibi omnium beatitudinum praemia. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7450 ideo redit ad caput, ut intelligantur sibi consequenter omnia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7451 praemia attribui. Vel, secundum Ambrosium, pauperibus spiritu
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7452 repromittitur regnum caelorum, quantum ad gloriam animae, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7453 passis persecutionem in corpore, quantum ad gloriam corporis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7454 <p title="I-II q. 69 a. 4 ad 3"><a name="36446"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7455 "ref">[36446] Iª-IIae q. 69 a. 4 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7456 dicendum quod etiam praemia secundum additionem se habent ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7457 invicem. Nam plus est possidere terram regni caelorum, quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7458 simpliciter habere, multa enim habemus quae non firmiter et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7459 pacifice possidemus. Plus est etiam consolari in regno, quam habere
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7460 et possidere, multa enim cum dolore possidemus. Plus est etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7461 saturari quam simpliciter consolari, nam saturitas abundantiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7462 consolationis importat. Misericordia vero excedit saturitatem, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7463 plus scilicet homo accipiat quam meruerit, vel desiderare potuerit.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7464 Adhuc autem maius est Deum videre, sicut maior est qui in curia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7465 regis non solum prandet, sed etiam faciem regis videt. Summam autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7466 dignitatem in domo regia filius regis habet.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7467 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7468 <div class="D">Quaestio 70</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7469 <div class="G">Prooemium</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7470 <p title="I-II q. 70 pr."><a name="36447"><span class="ref">[36447]
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7471 Iª-IIae q. 70 pr.</span></a> Deinde considerandum est de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7472 fructibus. Et circa hoc quaeruntur quatuor. Primo, utrum fructus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7473 spiritus sancti sint actus. Secundo, utrum differant a
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7474 beatitudinibus. Tertio, de eorum numero. Quarto, de oppositione
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7475 eorum ad opera carnis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7476 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7477 <div class="E">Articulus 1</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7478 <p title="I-II q. 70 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="36448"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7479 "ref">[36448] Iª-IIae q. 70 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7480 sic proceditur. Videtur quod fructus spiritus sancti quos apostolus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7481 nominat ad Galat. V, non sint actus. Id enim cuius est alius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7482 fructus, non debet dici fructus, sic enim in infinitum iretur. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7483 actuum nostrorum est aliquis fructus, dicitur enim Sap. III,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7484 <i>bonorum laborum gloriosus est fructus</i>; et Ioan. IV, <i>qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7485 metit, mercedem accipit, et fructum congregat in vitam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7486 aeternam</i>. Ergo ipsi actus nostri non dicuntur fructus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7487 <p title="I-II q. 70 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="36449"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7488 "ref">[36449] Iª-IIae q. 70 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7489 sicut Augustinus dicit, in X de Trin., <i>fruimur cognitis in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7490 quibus voluntas propter ipsa delectata conquiescit</i>. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7491 voluntas nostra non debet conquiescere in actibus nostris propter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7492 se. Ergo actus nostri fructus dici non debent.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7493 <p title="I-II q. 70 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="36450"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7494 "ref">[36450] Iª-IIae q. 70 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7495 inter fructus spiritus sancti enumerantur ab apostolo aliquae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7496 virtutes scilicet caritas, mansuetudo, fides et castitas. Virtutes
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7497 autem non sunt actus, sed habitus, ut supra dictum est. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7498 fructus non sunt actus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7499 <p title="I-II q. 70 a. 1 s. c."><a name="36451"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7500 "ref">[36451] Iª-IIae q. 70 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7501 est quod dicitur Matth. XII, <i>ex fructu arbor cognoscitur</i>;
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7502 idest, ex operibus suis homo, ut ibi exponitur a sanctis. Ergo ipsi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7503 actus humani dicuntur fructus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7504 <p title="I-II q. 70 a. 1 co."><a name="36452"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7505 "ref">[36452] Iª-IIae q. 70 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7506 dicendum quod nomen fructus a corporalibus ad spiritualia est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7507 translatum. Dicitur autem in corporalibus fructus, quod ex planta
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7508 producitur cum ad perfectionem pervenerit, et quandam in se
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7509 suavitatem habet. Qui quidem fructus ad duo comparari potest,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7510 scilicet ad arborem producentem ipsum; et ad hominem qui fructum ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7511 arbore adipiscitur. Secundum hoc igitur, nomen fructus in rebus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7512 spiritualibus dupliciter accipere possumus, uno modo, ut dicatur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7513 fructus hominis, quasi arboris, id quod ab eo producitur; alio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7514 modo, ut dicatur fructus hominis id quod homo adipiscitur. Non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7515 autem omne id quod adipiscitur homo, habet rationem fructus, sed id
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7516 quod est ultimum, delectationem habens. Habet enim homo et agrum et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7517 arborem, quae fructus non dicuntur; sed solum id quod est ultimum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7518 quod scilicet ex agro et arbore homo intendit habere. Et secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7519 hoc, fructus hominis dicitur ultimus hominis finis, quo debet frui.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7520 Si autem dicatur fructus hominis id quod ex homine producitur, sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7521 ipsi actus humani fructus dicuntur, operatio enim est actus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7522 secundus operantis, et delectationem habet, si sit conveniens
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7523 operanti. Si igitur operatio hominis procedat ab homine secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7524 facultatem suae rationis, sic dicitur esse fructus rationis. Si
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7525 vero procedat ab homine secundum altiorem virtutem, quae est virtus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7526 spiritus sancti; sic dicitur esse operatio hominis fructus spiritus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7527 sancti, quasi cuiusdam divini seminis, dicitur enim I Ioan. III,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7528 <i>omnis qui natus est ex Deo, peccatum non facit, quoniam semen
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7529 ipsius in eo manet</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7530 <p title="I-II q. 70 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="36453"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7531 "ref">[36453] Iª-IIae q. 70 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7532 ergo dicendum quod, cum fructus habeat quodammodo rationem ultimi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7533 et finis, nihil prohibet alicuius fructus esse alium fructum, sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7534 finis ad finem ordinatur. Opera igitur nostra inquantum sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7535 effectus quidam spiritus sancti in nobis operantis, habent rationem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7536 fructus, sed inquantum ordinantur ad finem vitae aeternae, sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7537 magis habent rationem florum. Unde dicitur Eccli. XXIV, <i>flores
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7538 mei fructus honoris et honestatis</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7539 <p title="I-II q. 70 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="36454"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7540 "ref">[36454] Iª-IIae q. 70 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7541 dicendum quod, cum dicitur voluntas in aliquo propter se delectari,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7542 potest intelligi dupliciter. Uno modo, secundum quod ly propter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7543 dicit causam finalem, et sic propter se non delectatur aliquis nisi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7544 in ultimo fine. Alio modo, secundum quod designat causam formalem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7545 et sic propter se aliquis potest delectari in omni eo quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7546 delectabile est secundum suam formam. Sicut patet quod infirmus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7547 delectatur in sanitate propter se, sicut in fine; in medicina autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7548 suavi, non sicut in fine, sed sicut in habente saporem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7549 delectabilem; in medicina autem austera, nullo modo propter se, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7550 solum propter aliud. Sic igitur dicendum est quod in Deo delectari
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7551 debet homo propter se, sicut propter ultimum finem, in actibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7552 autem virtuosis, non sicut propter finem, sed propter honestatem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7553 quam continent, delectabilem virtuosis. Unde Ambrosius dicit quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7554 opera virtutum dicuntur fructus, <i>quia suos possessores sancta et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7555 sincera delectatione reficiunt</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7556 <p title="I-II q. 70 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="36455"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7557 "ref">[36455] Iª-IIae q. 70 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7558 dicendum quod nomina virtutum sumuntur quandoque pro actibus earum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7559 sicut Augustinus dicit quod <i>fides est credere quod non vides; et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7560 caritas est motus animi ad diligendum Deum et proximum</i>. Et hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7561 modo sumuntur nomina virtutum in enumeratione fructuum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7562 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7563 <div class="E">Articulus 2</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7564 <p title="I-II q. 70 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="36456"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7565 "ref">[36456] Iª-IIae q. 70 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7566 sic proceditur. Videtur quod fructus a beatitudinibus non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7567 differant. Beatitudines enim attribuuntur donis, ut supra dictum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7568 est. Sed dona perficiunt hominem secundum quod movetur a spiritu
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7569 sancto. Ergo beatitudines ipsae sunt fructus spiritus sancti.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7570 <p title="I-II q. 70 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="36457"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7571 "ref">[36457] Iª-IIae q. 70 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7572 sicut se habet fructus vitae aeternae ad beatitudinem futuram, quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7573 est rei; ita se habent fructus praesentis vitae ad beatitudines
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7574 praesentis vitae, quae sunt spei. Sed fructus vitae aeternae est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7575 ipsa beatitudo futura. Ergo fructus vitae praesentis sunt ipsae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7576 beatitudines.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7577 <p title="I-II q. 70 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="36458"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7578 "ref">[36458] Iª-IIae q. 70 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7579 de ratione fructus est quod sit quiddam ultimum et delectabile. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7580 hoc pertinet ad rationem beatitudinis, ut supra dictum est. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7581 eadem ratio est fructus et beatitudinis. Ergo non debent ab invicem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7582 distingui.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7583 <p title="I-II q. 70 a. 2 s. c."><a name="36459"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7584 "ref">[36459] Iª-IIae q. 70 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7585 quorum species sunt diversae, ipsa quoque sunt diversa. Sed in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7586 diversas partes dividuntur et fructus et beatitudines; ut patet per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7587 numerationem utrorumque. Ergo fructus differunt a
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7588 beatitudinibus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7589 <p title="I-II q. 70 a. 2 co."><a name="36460"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7590 "ref">[36460] Iª-IIae q. 70 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7591 dicendum quod plus requiritur ad rationem beatitudinis, quam ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7592 rationem fructus. Nam ad rationem fructus sufficit quod sit aliquid
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7593 habens rationem ultimi et delectabilis, sed ad rationem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7594 beatitudinis, ulterius requiritur quod sit aliquid perfectum et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7595 excellens. Unde omnes beatitudines possunt dici fructus, sed non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7596 convertitur. Sunt enim fructus quaecumque virtuosa opera, in quibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7597 homo delectatur. Sed beatitudines dicuntur solum perfecta opera,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7598 quae etiam, ratione suae perfectionis, magis attribuuntur donis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7599 quam virtutibus, ut supra dictum est.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7600 <p title="I-II q. 70 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="36461"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7601 "ref">[36461] Iª-IIae q. 70 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7602 ergo dicendum quod ratio illa probat quod beatitudines sint
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7603 fructus, non autem quod omnes fructus beatitudines sint.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7604 <p title="I-II q. 70 a. 2 ad 2"><a name="36462"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7605 "ref">[36462] Iª-IIae q. 70 a. 2 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7606 dicendum quod fructus vitae aeternae est simpliciter ultimus et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7607 perfectus, et ideo in nullo distinguitur a beatitudine futura.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7608 Fructus autem praesentis vitae non sunt simpliciter ultimi et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7609 perfecti, et ideo non omnes fructus sunt beatitudines.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7610 <p title="I-II q. 70 a. 2 ad 3"><a name="36463"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7611 "ref">[36463] Iª-IIae q. 70 a. 2 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7612 dicendum quod aliquid amplius est de ratione beatitudinis quam de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7613 ratione fructus, ut dictum est.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7614 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7615 <div class="E">Articulus 3</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7616 <p title="I-II q. 70 a. 3 arg. 1"><a name="36464"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7617 "ref">[36464] Iª-IIae q. 70 a. 3 arg. 1</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7618 sic proceditur. Videtur quod apostolus inconvenienter enumeret, ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7619 Galat. V, duodecim fructus. Alibi enim dicit esse tantum unum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7620 fructum praesentis vitae; secundum illud Rom. VI, habetis fructum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7621 vestrum in sanctificatione et Isaiae XXVII dicitur, <i>hic est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7622 omnis fructus, ut auferatur peccatum</i>. Non ergo ponendi sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7623 duodecim fructus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7624 <p title="I-II q. 70 a. 3 arg. 2"><a name="36465"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7625 "ref">[36465] Iª-IIae q. 70 a. 3 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7626 fructus est qui ex spirituali semine exoritur, ut dictum est. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7627 dominus, Matth. XIII, ponit triplicem terrae bonae fructum ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7628 spirituali semine provenientem, scilicet centesimum, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7629 sexagesimum, et trigesimum. Ergo non sunt ponendi duodecim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7630 fructus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7631 <p title="I-II q. 70 a. 3 arg. 3"><a name="36466"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7632 "ref">[36466] Iª-IIae q. 70 a. 3 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7633 fructus habet in sui ratione quod sit ultimum et delectabile. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7634 ratio ista non invenitur in omnibus fructibus ab apostolo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7635 enumeratis, patientia enim et longanimitas videntur in rebus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7636 contristantibus esse; fides autem non habet rationem ultimi, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7637 magis rationem primi fundamenti. Superflue igitur huiusmodi fructus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7638 enumerantur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7639 <p title="I-II q. 70 a. 3 s. c."><a name="36467"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7640 "ref">[36467] Iª-IIae q. 70 a. 3 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7641 videtur quod insufficienter et diminute enumerentur. Dictum est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7642 enim quod omnes beatitudines fructus dici possunt, sed non omnes
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7643 hic enumerantur. Nihil etiam hic ponitur ad actum sapientiae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7644 pertinens, et multarum aliarum virtutum. Ergo videtur quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7645 insufficienter enumerentur fructus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7646 <p title="I-II q. 70 a. 3 co."><a name="36468"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7647 "ref">[36468] Iª-IIae q. 70 a. 3 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7648 dicendum quod numerus duodecim fructuum ab apostolo enumeratorum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7649 conveniens est, et possunt significari per duodecim fructus de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7650 quibus dicitur Apoc. ult., <i>ex utraque parte fluminis lignum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7651 vitae, afferens fructus duodecim</i>. Quia vero fructus dicitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7652 quod ex aliquo principio procedit sicut ex semine vel radice,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7653 attendenda est distinctio horum fructuum secundum diversum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7654 processum spiritus sancti in nobis. Qui quidem processus attenditur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7655 secundum hoc, ut primo mens hominis in seipsa ordinetur; secundo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7656 vero, ordinetur ad ea quae sunt iuxta; tertio vero, ad ea quae sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7657 infra. Tunc autem bene mens hominis disponitur in seipsa, quando
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7658 mens hominis bene se habet et in bonis et in malis. Prima autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7659 dispositio mentis humanae ad bonum, est per amorem, qui est prima
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7660 affectio et omnium affectionum radix, ut supra dictum est. Et ideo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7661 inter fructus spiritus primo ponitur caritas; in qua specialiter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7662 spiritus sanctus datur, sicut in propria similitudine, cum et ipse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7663 sit amor. Unde dicitur Rom. V, <i>caritas Dei diffusa est in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7664 cordibus nostris per spiritum sanctum, qui datus est nobis</i>. Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7665 amorem autem caritatis ex necessitate sequitur gaudium. Omnis enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7666 amans gaudet ex coniunctione amati. Caritas autem semper habet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7667 praesentem Deum, quem amat; secundum illud I Ioan. IV, <i>qui manet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7668 in caritate, in Deo manet, et Deus in eo</i>. Unde sequela
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7669 caritatis est gaudium. Perfectio autem gaudii est pax, quantum ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7670 duo. Primo quidem, quantum ad quietem ab exterioribus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7671 conturbantibus, non enim potest perfecte gaudere de bono amato, qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7672 in eius fruitione ab aliis perturbatur; et iterum, qui perfecte cor
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7673 habet in uno pacatum, a nullo alio molestari potest, cum alia quasi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7674 nihil reputet; unde dicitur in Psalmo CXVIII, <i>pax multa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7675 diligentibus legem tuam, et non est illis scandalum</i>, quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7676 scilicet ab exterioribus non perturbantur, quin Deo fruantur.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7677 Secundo, quantum ad sedationem desiderii fluctuantis, non enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7678 perfecte gaudet de aliquo, cui non sufficit id de quo gaudet. Haec
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7679 autem duo importat pax, scilicet ut neque ab exterioribus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7680 perturbemur; et ut desideria nostra conquiescant in uno. Unde post
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7681 caritatem et gaudium, tertio ponitur pax. In malis autem bene se
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7682 habet mens quantum ad duo. Primo quidem, ut non perturbetur mens
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7683 per imminentiam malorum, quod pertinet ad patientiam. Secundo, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7684 non perturbetur in dilatione bonorum, quod pertinet ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7685 longanimitatem, nam carere bono habet rationem mali, ut dicitur in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7686 V Ethic. Ad id autem quod est iuxta hominem, scilicet proximum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7687 bene disponitur mens hominis, primo quidem, quantum ad voluntatem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7688 bene faciendi. Et ad hoc pertinet bonitas. Secundo, quantum ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7689 beneficentiae executionem. Et ad hoc pertinet benignitas, dicuntur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7690 enim benigni quos bonus ignis amoris fervere facit ad benefaciendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7691 proximis. Tertio, quantum ad hoc quod aequanimiter tolerentur mala
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7692 ab eis illata. Et ad hoc pertinet mansuetudo, quae cohibet iras.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7693 Quarto, quantum ad hoc quod non solum per iram proximis non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7694 noceamus, sed etiam neque per fraudem vel per dolum. Et ad hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7695 pertinet fides, si pro fidelitate sumatur. Sed si sumatur pro fide
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7696 qua creditur in Deum, sic per hanc ordinatur homo ad id quod est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7697 supra se, ut scilicet homo intellectum suum Deo subiiciat, et per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7698 consequens omnia quae ipsius sunt. Sed ad id quod infra est, bene
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7699 disponitur homo, primo quidem, quantum ad exteriores actiones, per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7700 modestiam, quae in omnibus dictis et factis modum observat. Quantum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7701 ad interiores concupiscentias, per continentiam et castitatem, sive
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7702 haec duo distinguantur per hoc, quod castitas refrenat hominem ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7703 illicitis, continentia vero etiam a licitis; sive per hoc quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7704 continens patitur concupiscentias sed non deducitur, castus autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7705 neque patitur neque deducitur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7706 <p title="I-II q. 70 a. 3 ad 1"><a name="36469"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7707 "ref">[36469] Iª-IIae q. 70 a. 3 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7708 ergo dicendum quod sanctificatio fit per omnes virtutes per quas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7709 etiam peccata tolluntur. Unde fructus ibi singulariter nominatur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7710 propter unitatem generis, quod in multas species dividitur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7711 secundum quas dicuntur multi fructus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7712 <p title="I-II q. 70 a. 3 ad 2"><a name="36470"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7713 "ref">[36470] Iª-IIae q. 70 a. 3 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7714 dicendum quod fructus centesimus, sexagesimus et trigesimus non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7715 diversificantur secundum diversas species virtuosorum actuum, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7716 secundum diversos perfectionis gradus etiam unius virtutis. Sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7717 continentia coniugalis dicitur significari per fructum trigesimum;
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7718 continentia vidualis per sexagesimum; virginalis autem per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7719 centesimum. Et aliis etiam modis sancti distinguunt tres
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7720 evangelicos fructus secundum tres gradus virtutis. Et ponuntur tres
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7721 gradus, quia cuiuslibet rei perfectio attenditur secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7722 principium, medium et finem.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7723 <p title="I-II q. 70 a. 3 ad 3"><a name="36471"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7724 "ref">[36471] Iª-IIae q. 70 a. 3 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7725 dicendum quod ipsum quod est in tristitiis non perturbari, rationem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7726 delectabilis habet. Et fides etiam si accipiatur prout est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7727 fundamentum, habet quandam rationem ultimi et delectabilis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7728 secundum quod continet certitudinem, unde Glossa exponit, <i>fides,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7729 idest de invisibilibus certitudo</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7730 <p title="I-II q. 70 a. 3 ad 4"><a name="36472"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7731 "ref">[36472] Iª-IIae q. 70 a. 3 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7732 dicendum quod, sicut Augustinus dicit, super epistolam ad Galat.,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7733 <i>apostolus non hoc ita suscepit, ut doceret quod sunt</i> (vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7734 opera carnis, vel fructus spiritus); sed <i>ut ostenderet in quo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7735 genere illa vitanda, illa vero sectanda sint</i>. Unde potuissent
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7736 vel plures, vel etiam pauciores fructus enumerari. Et tamen omnes
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7737 donorum et virtutum actus possunt secundum quandam convenientiam ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7738 haec reduci, secundum quod omnes virtutes et dona necesse est quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7739 ordinent mentem aliquo praedictorum modorum. Unde et actus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7740 sapientiae, et quorumcumque donorum ordinantium ad bonum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7741 reducuntur ad caritatem, gaudium et pacem. Ideo tamen potius haec
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7742 quam alia enumeravit, quia hic enumerata magis important vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7743 fruitionem bonorum, vel sedationem malorum; quod videtur ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7744 rationem fructus pertinere.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7745 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7746 <div class="E">Articulus 4</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7747 <p title="I-II q. 70 a. 4 arg. 1"><a name="36473"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7748 "ref">[36473] Iª-IIae q. 70 a. 4 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quartum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7749 sic proceditur. Videtur quod fructus non contrarientur operibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7750 carnis quae apostolus enumerat. Contraria enim sunt in eodem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7751 genere. Sed opera carnis non dicuntur fructus. Ergo fructus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7752 spiritus eis non contrariantur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7753 <p title="I-II q. 70 a. 4 arg. 2"><a name="36474"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7754 "ref">[36474] Iª-IIae q. 70 a. 4 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7755 unum uni est contrarium. Sed plura enumerat apostolus opera carnis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7756 quam fructus spiritus. Ergo fructus spiritus et opera carnis non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7757 contrariantur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7758 <p title="I-II q. 70 a. 4 arg. 3"><a name="36475"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7759 "ref">[36475] Iª-IIae q. 70 a. 4 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7760 inter fructus spiritus primo ponuntur caritas, gaudium, pax, quibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7761 non correspondent ea quae primo enumerantur inter opera carnis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7762 quae sunt fornicatio, immunditia, impudicitia. Ergo fructus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7763 spiritus non contrariantur operibus carnis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7764 <p title="I-II q. 70 a. 4 s. c."><a name="36476"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7765 "ref">[36476] Iª-IIae q. 70 a. 4 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7766 est quod apostolus dicit ibidem, quod <i>caro concupiscit adversus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7767 spiritum, et spiritus adversus carnem</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7768 <p title="I-II q. 70 a. 4 co."><a name="36477"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7769 "ref">[36477] Iª-IIae q. 70 a. 4 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7770 dicendum quod opera carnis et fructus spiritus possunt accipi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7771 dupliciter. Uno modo, secundum communem rationem. Et hoc modo in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7772 communi fructus spiritus sancti contrariantur operibus carnis.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7773 Spiritus enim sanctus movet humanam mentem ad id quod est secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7774 rationem, vel potius ad id quod est supra rationem, appetitus autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7775 carnis, qui est appetitus sensitivus, trahit ad bona sensibilia,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7776 quae sunt infra hominem. Unde sicut motus sursum et motus deorsum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7777 contrariantur in naturalibus, ita in operibus humanis contrariantur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7778 opera carnis fructibus spiritus. Alio modo possunt considerari
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7779 secundum proprias rationes singulorum fructuum enumeratorum, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7780 operum carnis. Et sic non oportet quod singula singulis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7781 contraponantur, quia, sicut dictum est, apostolus non intendit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7782 enumerare omnia opera spiritualia, nec omnia opera carnalia. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7783 tamen, secundum quandam adaptationem, Augustinus, super epistolam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7784 ad Galat., contraponit singulis operibus carnis singulos fructus.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7785 <i>Sicut fornicationi, quae est amor explendae libidinis a legitimo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7786 connubio solutus, opponitur caritas, per quam anima coniungitur Deo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7787 in qua etiam est vera castitas. Immunditiae autem sunt omnes
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7788 perturbationes de illa fornicatione conceptae, quibus gaudium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7789 tranquillitatis opponitur. Idolorum autem servitus, propter quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7790 bellum est gestum adversus Evangelium Dei, opponitur paci. Contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7791 veneficia autem, et inimicitias et contentiones et aemulationes,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7792 animositates et dissensiones, opponuntur longanimitas, ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7793 sustinendum mala hominum inter quos vivimus; et ad curandum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7794 benignitas; et ad ignoscendum, bonitas. Haeresibus autem opponitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7795 fides, invidiae, mansuetudo; ebrietatibus et comessationibus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7796 continentia</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7797 <p title="I-II q. 70 a. 4 ad 1"><a name="36478"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7798 "ref">[36478] Iª-IIae q. 70 a. 4 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7799 ergo dicendum quod id quod procedit ab arbore contra naturam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7800 arboris, non dicitur esse fructus eius, sed magis corruptio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7801 quaedam. Et quia virtutum opera sunt connaturalia rationi, opera
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7802 vero vitiorum sunt contra rationem; ideo opera virtutum fructus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7803 dicuntur, non autem opera vitiorum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7804 <p title="I-II q. 70 a. 4 ad 2"><a name="36479"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7805 "ref">[36479] Iª-IIae q. 70 a. 4 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7806 dicendum quod <i>bonum contingit uno modo, malum vero
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7807 omnifariam</i>, ut Dionysius dicit, IV cap. de Div. Nom., unde et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7808 uni virtuti plura vitia opponuntur. Et propter hoc, non est mirum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7809 si plura ponuntur opera carnis quam fructus spiritus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7810 <p title="I-II q. 70 a. 4 ad 3"><a name="36480"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7811 "ref">[36480] Iª-IIae q. 70 a. 4 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7812 patet solutio ex dictis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7813 <div class="centro"><br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7814 <p><a href="sth2049.html"><img src="icons/ageretro.gif" width="19"
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7815 height="19" align="middle" border="0" alt="age retro" /></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7816 <a href="sth2071.html"><img src="icons/ageultra.gif" width="19"
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7817 height="19" align="middle" border="0" alt="age ultra" /></a></p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7818 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7819 <hr />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7820 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7821 <address>© 2006 Fundación Tomás de Aquino quoad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7822 hanc editionem<br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7823 Iura omnia asservantur<br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7824 OCLC nr. <a href="http://worldcatlibraries.org/wcpa/oclc/49644264"
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7825 style="text-decoration=none">49644264</a></address>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7826 </div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7827 </body>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7828 </html>

Mercurial > hg > Aquinas

annotate summa/latin/sth2055.html @ 28:544e12f679ad