Aquinas: summa/latin/sth2006.html annotate

annotate summa/latin/sth2006.html @ 28:544e12f679ad

convert to xml

author	ht
date	Tue, 24 Nov 2009 19:27:32 +0000
parents	4006eb4882de
children	d777cc3962f2

rev	line source
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1 <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN"
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2 "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3 <html lang="LA" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="LA">
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4 <head>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5 <meta name="generator" content=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6 "HTML Tidy for Windows (vers 1st February 2005), see www.w3.org" />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7 <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	8 "text/html; charset=us-ascii" />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	9 <meta http-equiv="Content-Style-Type" content="text/css" />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	10 <meta http-equiv="Content-Script-Type" content="text/javascript" />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	11 <meta name="keywords" content=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	12 "Thomas de Aquino, Summa Theologiae, Corpus Thomisticum" />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	13 <meta name="language" content="Latin" />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	14 <meta name="security" content="public" />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	15 <meta name="owner" content="ealarcon@unav.es" />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	16 <meta name="author" content="Enrique Alarcón" />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	17 <meta name="abstract" content="" />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	18 <link rel="stylesheet" media="screen" href="vscreen.css" type=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	19 "text/css" />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	20 <link rel="stylesheet" media="print" href="vprint.css" type=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	21 "text/css" />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	22 <title>Thomas de Aquino, Summa Theologiae, Iª-IIae q.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	23 6-21</title>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	24 </head>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	25 <body>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	26 <a href="http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/"></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	27 <div class="tres">CORPUS THOMISTICUM</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	28 <div class="uno">Sancti Thomae de Aquino</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	29 <div class="uno">Summa Theologiae</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	30 <div class="dos">prima pars secundae partis a quaestione VI ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	31 quaestionem XXI</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	32 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	33 <div class="centro">
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	34 <table align="center" summary="Imago">
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	35 <tr>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	36 <th><img src="icons/fugit190.jpg" width="275" height="190" border=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	37 "0" alt=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	38 "Thomas de Aquino a Filippino Lippi depictus (Cappella Carafa, S. Maria sopra Minerva, Roma)"
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	39 align="middle" /></th>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	40 </tr>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	41 </table>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	42 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	43 <span class="tres">Textum Leoninum Romae 1891 editum<br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	44 ac automato translatum a Roberto Busa SJ in taenias
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	45 magneticas<br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	46 denuo recognovit Enrique Alarcón atque instruxit<br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	47 <br /></span><br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	48 <hr />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	49 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	50 <p><a href="sth2001.html"><img src="icons/ageretro.gif" width="19"
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	51 height="19" align="middle" border="0" alt="age retro" /></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	52 <a href="sth2022.html"><img src="icons/ageultra.gif" width="19"
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	53 height="19" align="middle" border="0" alt="age ultra" /></a></p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	54 <script language="JavaScript" type="text/javascript">
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	55 //<![CDATA[
26 4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	56 <!--
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	57 // original code by Bill Trefzger 12/12/96; revised by Enrique Alarcon 12/9/2000
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	58 function go(){if(document.selecter.select1.options[document.selecter.select1.selectedIndex].value !="none"){location=document.selecter.select1.options[document.selecter.select1.selectedIndex].value}}
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	59 document.write('<FORM NAME="selecter"><SELECT NAME="select1">');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	60 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="none">INDEX');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	61 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="none">------------------------------------------------');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	62 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="index.html">Corpus Thomisticum');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	63 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="iopera.html">Opera omnia');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	64 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="zbiblia.html">Bibliographia Thomistica');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	65 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="none">------------------------------------------------');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	66 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#33741">Iª-IIae q. 6 pr.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	67 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#33742">Iª-IIae q. 6 a. 1 arg. 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	68 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#33743">Iª-IIae q. 6 a. 1 arg. 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	69 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#33744">Iª-IIae q. 6 a. 1 arg. 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	70 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#33745">Iª-IIae q. 6 a. 1 s. c.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	71 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#33746">Iª-IIae q. 6 a. 1 co.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	72 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#33747">Iª-IIae q. 6 a. 1 ad 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	73 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#33748">Iª-IIae q. 6 a. 1 ad 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	74 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#33749">Iª-IIae q. 6 a. 1 ad 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	75 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#33750">Iª-IIae q. 6 a. 2 arg. 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	76 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#33751">Iª-IIae q. 6 a. 2 arg. 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	77 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#33752">Iª-IIae q. 6 a. 2 arg. 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	78 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#33753">Iª-IIae q. 6 a. 2 s. c.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	79 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#33754">Iª-IIae q. 6 a. 2 co.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	80 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#33755">Iª-IIae q. 6 a. 2 ad 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	81 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#33756">Iª-IIae q. 6 a. 2 ad 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	82 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#33757">Iª-IIae q. 6 a. 2 ad 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	83 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#33758">Iª-IIae q. 6 a. 3 arg. 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	84 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#33759">Iª-IIae q. 6 a. 3 arg. 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	85 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#33760">Iª-IIae q. 6 a. 3 arg. 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	86 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#33761">Iª-IIae q. 6 a. 3 s. c.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	87 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#33762">Iª-IIae q. 6 a. 3 co.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	88 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#33763">Iª-IIae q. 6 a. 3 ad 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	89 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#33764">Iª-IIae q. 6 a. 3 ad 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	90 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#33765">Iª-IIae q. 6 a. 3 ad 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	91 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#33766">Iª-IIae q. 6 a. 4 arg. 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	92 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#33767">Iª-IIae q. 6 a. 4 arg. 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	93 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#33768">Iª-IIae q. 6 a. 4 arg. 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	94 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#33769">Iª-IIae q. 6 a. 4 s. c.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	95 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#33770">Iª-IIae q. 6 a. 4 co.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	96 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#33771">Iª-IIae q. 6 a. 4 ad 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	97 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#33772">Iª-IIae q. 6 a. 4 ad 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	98 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#33773">Iª-IIae q. 6 a. 4 ad 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	99 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#33774">Iª-IIae q. 6 a. 5 arg. 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	100 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#33775">Iª-IIae q. 6 a. 5 arg. 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	101 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#33776">Iª-IIae q. 6 a. 5 arg. 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	102 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#33777">Iª-IIae q. 6 a. 5 s. c.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	103 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#33778">Iª-IIae q. 6 a. 5 co.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	104 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#33779">Iª-IIae q. 6 a. 5 ad 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	105 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#33780">Iª-IIae q. 6 a. 5 ad 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	106 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#33781">Iª-IIae q. 6 a. 5 ad 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	107 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#33782">Iª-IIae q. 6 a. 6 arg. 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	108 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#33783">Iª-IIae q. 6 a. 6 arg. 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	109 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#33784">Iª-IIae q. 6 a. 6 arg. 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	110 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#33785">Iª-IIae q. 6 a. 6 s. c.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	111 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#33786">Iª-IIae q. 6 a. 6 co.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	112 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#33787">Iª-IIae q. 6 a. 6 ad 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	113 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#33788">Iª-IIae q. 6 a. 6 ad 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	114 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#33789">Iª-IIae q. 6 a. 6 ad 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	115 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#33790">Iª-IIae q. 6 a. 7 arg. 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	116 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#33791">Iª-IIae q. 6 a. 7 arg. 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	117 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#33792">Iª-IIae q. 6 a. 7 arg. 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	118 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#33793">Iª-IIae q. 6 a. 7 s. c.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	119 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#33794">Iª-IIae q. 6 a. 7 co.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	120 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#33795">Iª-IIae q. 6 a. 7 ad 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	121 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#33796">Iª-IIae q. 6 a. 7 ad 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	122 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#33797">Iª-IIae q. 6 a. 7 ad 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	123 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#33798">Iª-IIae q. 6 a. 8 arg. 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	124 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#33799">Iª-IIae q. 6 a. 8 arg. 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	125 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#33800">Iª-IIae q. 6 a. 8 arg. 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	126 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#33801">Iª-IIae q. 6 a. 8 s. c.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	127 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#33802">Iª-IIae q. 6 a. 8 co.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	128 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#33803">Iª-IIae q. 6 a. 8 ad 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	129 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#33804">Iª-IIae q. 7 pr.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	130 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#33805">Iª-IIae q. 7 a. 1 arg. 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	131 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#33806">Iª-IIae q. 7 a. 1 arg. 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	132 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#33807">Iª-IIae q. 7 a. 1 arg. 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	133 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#33808">Iª-IIae q. 7 a. 1 s. c.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	134 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#33809">Iª-IIae q. 7 a. 1 co.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	135 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#33810">Iª-IIae q. 7 a. 1 ad 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	136 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#33811">Iª-IIae q. 7 a. 1 ad 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	137 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#33812">Iª-IIae q. 7 a. 1 ad 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	138 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#33813">Iª-IIae q. 7 a. 2 arg. 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	139 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#33814">Iª-IIae q. 7 a. 2 arg. 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	140 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#33815">Iª-IIae q. 7 a. 2 arg. 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	141 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#33816">Iª-IIae q. 7 a. 2 s. c.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	142 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#33817">Iª-IIae q. 7 a. 2 co.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	143 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#33818">Iª-IIae q. 7 a. 2 ad 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	144 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#33819">Iª-IIae q. 7 a. 2 ad 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	145 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#33820">Iª-IIae q. 7 a. 2 ad 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	146 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#33821">Iª-IIae q. 7 a. 3 arg. 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	147 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#33822">Iª-IIae q. 7 a. 3 arg. 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	148 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#33823">Iª-IIae q. 7 a. 3 arg. 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	149 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#33824">Iª-IIae q. 7 a. 3 s. c.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	150 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#33825">Iª-IIae q. 7 a. 3 co.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	151 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#33826">Iª-IIae q. 7 a. 3 ad 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	152 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#33827">Iª-IIae q. 7 a. 3 ad 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	153 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#33828">Iª-IIae q. 7 a. 3 ad 3');
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4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	163 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#33838">Iª-IIae q. 8 a. 1 arg. 1');
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4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	180 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#33855">Iª-IIae q. 8 a. 3 arg. 2');
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4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	187 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#33862">Iª-IIae q. 8 a. 3 ad 4');
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4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	237 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#33912">Iª-IIae q. 10 pr.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	238 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#33913">Iª-IIae q. 10 a. 1 arg. 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	239 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#33914">Iª-IIae q. 10 a. 1 arg. 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	240 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#33915">Iª-IIae q. 10 a. 1 arg. 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	241 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#33916">Iª-IIae q. 10 a. 1 s. c.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	242 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#33917">Iª-IIae q. 10 a. 1 co.');
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4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	249 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#33924">Iª-IIae q. 10 a. 2 s. c.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	250 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#33925">Iª-IIae q. 10 a. 2 co.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	251 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#33926">Iª-IIae q. 10 a. 2 ad 1');
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4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	253 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#33928">Iª-IIae q. 10 a. 2 ad 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	254 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#33929">Iª-IIae q. 10 a. 3 arg. 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	255 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#33930">Iª-IIae q. 10 a. 3 arg. 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	256 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#33931">Iª-IIae q. 10 a. 3 arg. 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	257 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#33932">Iª-IIae q. 10 a. 3 s. c.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	258 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#33933">Iª-IIae q. 10 a. 3 co.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	259 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#33934">Iª-IIae q. 10 a. 3 ad 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	260 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#33935">Iª-IIae q. 10 a. 3 ad 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	261 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#33936">Iª-IIae q. 10 a. 3 ad 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	262 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#33937">Iª-IIae q. 10 a. 4 arg. 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	263 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#33938">Iª-IIae q. 10 a. 4 arg. 2');
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4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	265 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#33940">Iª-IIae q. 10 a. 4 s. c.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	266 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#33941">Iª-IIae q. 10 a. 4 co.');
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4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	269 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#33944">Iª-IIae q. 10 a. 4 ad 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	270 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#33945">Iª-IIae q. 11 pr.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	271 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#33946">Iª-IIae q. 11 a. 1 arg. 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	272 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#33947">Iª-IIae q. 11 a. 1 arg. 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	273 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#33948">Iª-IIae q. 11 a. 1 arg. 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	274 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#33949">Iª-IIae q. 11 a. 1 s. c.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	275 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#33950">Iª-IIae q. 11 a. 1 co.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	276 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#33951">Iª-IIae q. 11 a. 1 ad 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	277 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#33952">Iª-IIae q. 11 a. 1 ad 2');
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4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	279 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#33954">Iª-IIae q. 11 a. 2 arg. 1');
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4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	386 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#34061">Iª-IIae q. 13 a. 6 arg. 1');
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4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	755 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#34430">Iª-IIae q. 19 a. 10 ad 6');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	756 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#34431">Iª-IIae q. 20 pr.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	757 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#34432">Iª-IIae q. 20 a. 1 arg. 1');
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4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	781 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#34456">Iª-IIae q. 20 a. 4 arg. 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	782 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#34457">Iª-IIae q. 20 a. 4 arg. 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	783 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#34458">Iª-IIae q. 20 a. 4 arg. 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	784 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#34459">Iª-IIae q. 20 a. 4 s. c.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	785 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#34460">Iª-IIae q. 20 a. 4 co.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	786 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#34461">Iª-IIae q. 20 a. 4 ad 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	787 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#34462">Iª-IIae q. 20 a. 4 ad 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	788 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#34463">Iª-IIae q. 20 a. 4 ad 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	789 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#34464">Iª-IIae q. 20 a. 5 arg. 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	790 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#34465">Iª-IIae q. 20 a. 5 arg. 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	791 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#34466">Iª-IIae q. 20 a. 5 arg. 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	792 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#34467">Iª-IIae q. 20 a. 5 arg. 4');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	793 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#34468">Iª-IIae q. 20 a. 5 s. c.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	794 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#34469">Iª-IIae q. 20 a. 5 co.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	795 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#34470">Iª-IIae q. 20 a. 5 ad 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	796 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#34471">Iª-IIae q. 20 a. 5 ad 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	797 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#34472">Iª-IIae q. 20 a. 5 ad 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	798 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#34473">Iª-IIae q. 20 a. 5 ad 4');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	799 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#34474">Iª-IIae q. 20 a. 6 arg. 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	800 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#34475">Iª-IIae q. 20 a. 6 arg. 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	801 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#34476">Iª-IIae q. 20 a. 6 arg. 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	802 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#34477">Iª-IIae q. 20 a. 6 s. c.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	803 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#34478">Iª-IIae q. 20 a. 6 co.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	804 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#34479">Iª-IIae q. 20 a. 6 ad 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	805 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#34480">Iª-IIae q. 20 a. 6 ad 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	806 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#34481">Iª-IIae q. 20 a. 6 ad 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	807 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#34482">Iª-IIae q. 21 pr.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	808 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#34483">Iª-IIae q. 21 a. 1 arg. 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	809 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#34484">Iª-IIae q. 21 a. 1 arg. 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	810 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#34485">Iª-IIae q. 21 a. 1 arg. 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	811 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#34486">Iª-IIae q. 21 a. 1 s. c.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	812 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#34487">Iª-IIae q. 21 a. 1 co.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	813 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#34488">Iª-IIae q. 21 a. 1 ad 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	814 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#34489">Iª-IIae q. 21 a. 1 ad 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	815 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#34490">Iª-IIae q. 21 a. 1 ad 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	816 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#34491">Iª-IIae q. 21 a. 2 arg. 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	817 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#34492">Iª-IIae q. 21 a. 2 arg. 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	818 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#34493">Iª-IIae q. 21 a. 2 arg. 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	819 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#34494">Iª-IIae q. 21 a. 2 s. c.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	820 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#34495">Iª-IIae q. 21 a. 2 co.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	821 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#34496">Iª-IIae q. 21 a. 2 ad 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	822 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#34497">Iª-IIae q. 21 a. 2 ad 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	823 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#34498">Iª-IIae q. 21 a. 2 ad 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	824 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#34499">Iª-IIae q. 21 a. 3 arg. 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	825 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#34500">Iª-IIae q. 21 a. 3 arg. 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	826 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#34501">Iª-IIae q. 21 a. 3 arg. 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	827 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#34502">Iª-IIae q. 21 a. 3 s. c.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	828 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#34503">Iª-IIae q. 21 a. 3 co.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	829 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#34504">Iª-IIae q. 21 a. 3 ad 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	830 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#34505">Iª-IIae q. 21 a. 3 ad 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	831 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#34506">Iª-IIae q. 21 a. 3 ad 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	832 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#34507">Iª-IIae q. 21 a. 4 arg. 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	833 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#34508">Iª-IIae q. 21 a. 4 arg. 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	834 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#34509">Iª-IIae q. 21 a. 4 arg. 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	835 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#34510">Iª-IIae q. 21 a. 4 s. c.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	836 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#34511">Iª-IIae q. 21 a. 4 co.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	837 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#34512">Iª-IIae q. 21 a. 4 ad 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	838 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#34513">Iª-IIae q. 21 a. 4 ad 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	839 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#34514">Iª-IIae q. 21 a. 4 ad 3');
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	840 document.write('<\/SELECT>');
26 4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	841 document.write('<BR><BR>');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	842 document.write('<INPUT TYPE="button" VALUE="Agedum" ONCLICK="go()">');
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	843 document.write('<\/FORM>');
26 4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	844 // -->
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	845 //]]>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	846 </script><br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	847 <hr />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	848 <br /></div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	849 <div class="D">Quaestio 6</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	850 <div class="G">Prooemium</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	851 <p title="I-II q. 6 pr."><a name="33741"><span class="ref">[33741]
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	852 Iª-IIae q. 6 pr.</span></a> Quia igitur ad beatitudinem per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	853 actus aliquos necesse est pervenire, oportet consequenter de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	854 humanis actibus considerare, ut sciamus quibus actibus perveniatur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	855 ad beatitudinem, vel impediatur beatitudinis via. Sed quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	856 operationes et actus circa singularia sunt, ideo omnis operativa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	857 scientia in particulari consideratione perficitur. Moralis igitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	858 consideratio quia est humanorum actuum, primo quidem tradenda est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	859 in universali secundo vero, in particulari. Circa universalem autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	860 considerationem humanorum actuum, primo quidem considerandum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	861 occurrit de ipsis actibus humanis; secundo, de principiis eorum.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	862 Humanorum autem actuum quidam sunt hominis proprii; quidam autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	863 sunt homini et aliis animalibus communes. Et quia beatitudo est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	864 proprium hominis bonum, propinquius se habent ad beatitudinem actus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	865 qui sunt proprie humani, quam actus qui sunt homini aliisque
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	866 animalibus communes. Primo ergo considerandum est de actibus qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	867 sunt proprii hominis; secundo, de actibus qui sunt homini aliisque
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	868 animalibus communes, qui dicuntur animae passiones. Circa primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	869 duo consideranda occurrunt, primo, de conditione humanorum actuum;
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	870 secundo, de distinctione eorum. Cum autem actus humani proprie
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	871 dicantur qui sunt voluntarii, eo quod voluntas est rationalis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	872 appetitus, qui est proprius hominis; oportet considerare de actibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	873 inquantum sunt voluntarii. Primo ergo considerandum est de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	874 voluntario et involuntario in communi; secundo, de actibus qui sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	875 voluntarii quasi ab ipsa voluntate eliciti, ut immediate ipsius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	876 voluntatis existentes; tertio, de actibus qui sunt voluntarii quasi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	877 a voluntate imperati, qui sunt ipsius voluntatis mediantibus aliis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	878 potentiis. Et quia actus voluntarii habent quasdam circumstantias,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	879 secundum quas diiudicantur, primo considerandum est de voluntario
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	880 et involuntario; et consequenter de circumstantiis ipsorum actuum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	881 in quibus voluntarium et involuntarium invenitur. Circa primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	882 quaeruntur octo. Primo, utrum in humanis actibus inveniatur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	883 voluntarium. Secundo, utrum inveniatur in animalibus brutis.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	884 Tertio, utrum voluntarium esse possit absque omni actu. Quarto,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	885 utrum violentia voluntati possit inferri. Quinto, utrum violentia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	886 causet involuntarium. Sexto, utrum metus causet involuntarium.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	887 Septimo, utrum concupiscentia involuntarium causet. Octavo, utrum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	888 ignorantia.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	889 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	890 <div class="E">Articulus 1</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	891 <p title="I-II q. 6 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="33742"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	892 "ref">[33742] Iª-IIae q. 6 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	893 sic proceditur. Videtur quod in humanis actibus non inveniatur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	894 voluntarium. Voluntarium enim est cuius principium est in ipso; ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	895 patet per Gregorium Nyssenum, et Damascenum, et Aristotelem. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	896 principium humanorum actuum non est in ipso homine, sed est extra,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	897 nam appetitus hominis movetur ad agendum ab appetibili quod est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	898 extra quod est sicut movens non motum, ut dicitur in III de anima.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	899 Ergo in humanis actibus non invenitur voluntarium.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	900 <p title="I-II q. 6 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="33743"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	901 "ref">[33743] Iª-IIae q. 6 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	902 philosophus in VIII Physic. probat quod non invenitur in animalibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	903 aliquis motus novus, qui non praeveniatur ab alio motu exteriori.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	904 Sed omnes actus hominis sunt novi, nullus enim actus hominis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	905 aeternus est. Ergo principium omnium humanorum actuum est ab extra.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	906 Non igitur in eis invenitur voluntarium.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	907 <p title="I-II q. 6 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="33744"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	908 "ref">[33744] Iª-IIae q. 6 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	909 qui voluntarie agit, per se agere potest. Sed hoc homini non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	910 convenit, dicitur enim Ioan. XV, <i>sine me nihil potestis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	911 facere</i>. Ergo voluntarium in humanis actibus non invenitur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	912 <p title="I-II q. 6 a. 1 s. c."><a name="33745"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	913 "ref">[33745] Iª-IIae q. 6 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	914 est quod dicit Damascenus, in II libro, quod <i>voluntarium est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	915 actus qui est operatio rationalis</i>. Tales autem sunt actus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	916 humani. Ergo in actibus humanis invenitur voluntarium.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	917 <p title="I-II q. 6 a. 1 co."><a name="33746"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	918 "ref">[33746] Iª-IIae q. 6 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	919 dicendum quod oportet in actibus humanis voluntarium esse. Ad cuius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	920 evidentiam, considerandum est quod quorundam actuum seu motuum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	921 principium est in agente, seu in eo quod movetur; quorundam autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	922 motuum vel actuum principium est extra. Cum enim lapis movetur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	923 sursum, principium huius motionis est extra lapidem, sed cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	924 movetur deorsum, principium huius motionis est in ipso lapide.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	925 Eorum autem quae a principio intrinseco moventur, quaedam movent
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	926 seipsa, quaedam autem non. Cum enim omne agens seu motum agat seu
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	927 moveatur propter finem, ut supra habitum est; illa perfecte
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	928 moventur a principio intrinseco, in quibus est aliquod intrinsecum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	929 principium non solum ut moveantur, sed ut moveantur in finem. Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	930 hoc autem quod fiat aliquid propter finem, requiritur cognitio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	931 finis aliqualis. Quodcumque igitur sic agit vel movetur a principio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	932 intrinseco, quod habet aliquam notitiam finis, habet in seipso
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	933 principium sui actus non solum ut agat, sed etiam ut agat propter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	934 finem. Quod autem nullam notitiam finis habet, etsi in eo sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	935 principium actionis vel motus; non tamen eius quod est agere vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	936 moveri propter finem est principium in ipso, sed in alio, a quo ei
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	937 imprimitur principium suae motionis in finem. Unde huiusmodi non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	938 dicuntur movere seipsa, sed ab aliis moveri. Quae vero habent
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	939 notitiam finis dicuntur seipsa movere, quia in eis est principium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	940 non solum ut agant, sed etiam ut agant propter finem. Et ideo, cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	941 utrumque sit ab intrinseco principio, scilicet quod agunt, et quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	942 propter finem agunt, horum motus et actus dicuntur voluntarii, hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	943 enim importat nomen voluntarii, quod motus et actus sit a propria
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	944 inclinatione. Et inde est quod voluntarium dicitur esse, secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	945 definitionem Aristotelis et Gregorii Nysseni et Damasceni, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	946 solum cuius principium est intra, sed cum additione scientiae.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	947 Unde, cum homo maxime cognoscat finem sui operis et moveat seipsum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	948 in eius actibus maxime voluntarium invenitur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	949 <p title="I-II q. 6 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="33747"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	950 "ref">[33747] Iª-IIae q. 6 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	951 dicendum quod non omne principium est principium primum. Licet ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	952 de ratione voluntarii sit quod principium eius sit intra, non tamen
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	953 est contra rationem voluntarii quod principium intrinsecum causetur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	954 vel moveatur ab exteriori principio, quia non est de ratione
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	955 voluntarii quod principium intrinsecum sit principium primum. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	956 tamen sciendum quod contingit aliquod principium motus esse primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	957 in genere, quod tamen non est primum simpliciter sicut in genere
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	958 alterabilium primum alterans est corpus caeleste, quod tamen non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	959 est primum movens simpliciter, sed movetur motu locali a superiori
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	960 movente. Sic igitur principium intrinsecum voluntarii actus, quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	961 est vis cognoscitiva et appetitiva, est primum principium in genere
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	962 appetitivi motus, quamvis moveatur ab aliquo exteriori secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	963 alias species motus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	964 <p title="I-II q. 6 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="33748"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	965 "ref">[33748] Iª-IIae q. 6 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	966 dicendum quod motus animalis novus praevenitur quidem ab aliquo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	967 exteriori motu quantum ad duo. Uno modo, inquantum per motum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	968 exteriorem praesentatur sensui animalis aliquod sensibile, quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	969 apprehensum movet appetitum, sicut leo videns cervum per eius motum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	970 appropinquantem, incipit moveri ad ipsum. Alio modo, inquantum per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	971 exteriorem motum incipit aliqualiter immutari naturali immutatione
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	972 corpus animalis, puta per frigus vel calorem; corpore autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	973 immutato per motum exterioris corporis, immutatur etiam per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	974 accidens appetitus sensitivus, qui est virtus organi corporei;
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	975 sicut cum ex aliqua alteratione corporis commovetur appetitus ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	976 concupiscentiam alicuius rei. Sed hoc non est contra rationem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	977 voluntarii, ut dictum est huiusmodi enim motiones ab exteriori
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	978 principio sunt alterius generis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	979 <p title="I-II q. 6 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="33749"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	980 "ref">[33749] Iª-IIae q. 6 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	981 dicendum quod Deus movet hominem ad agendum non solum sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	982 proponens sensui appetibile, vel sicut immutans corpus, sed etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	983 sicut movens ipsam voluntatem, quia omnis motus tam voluntatis quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	984 naturae, ab eo procedit sicut a primo movente. Et sicut non est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	985 contra rationem naturae quod motus naturae sit a Deo sicut a primo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	986 movente, inquantum natura est quoddam instrumentum Dei moventis;
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	987 ita non est contra rationem actus voluntarii quod sit a Deo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	988 inquantum voluntas a Deo movetur. Est tamen communiter de ratione
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	989 naturalis et voluntarii motus, quod sint a principio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	990 intrinseco.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	991 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	992 <div class="E">Articulus 2</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	993 <p title="I-II q. 6 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="33750"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	994 "ref">[33750] Iª-IIae q. 6 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	995 sic proceditur. Videtur quod voluntarium non sit in brutis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	996 animalibus. Voluntarium enim a voluntate dicitur. Voluntas autem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	997 cum sit in ratione, ut dicitur in III de anima, non potest esse in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	998 brutis animalibus. Ergo neque voluntarium in eis invenitur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	999 <p title="I-II q. 6 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="33751"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1000 "ref">[33751] Iª-IIae q. 6 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1001 secundum hoc quod actus humani sunt voluntarii, homo dicitur esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1002 dominus suorum actuum. Sed bruta animalia non habent dominium sui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1003 actus, <i>non enim agunt, sed magis aguntur</i>, ut Damascenus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1004 dicit. Ergo in brutis animalibus non est voluntarium.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1005 <p title="I-II q. 6 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="33752"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1006 "ref">[33752] Iª-IIae q. 6 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1007 Damascenus dicit quod <i>actus voluntarios sequitur laus et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1008 vituperium</i>. Sed actibus brutorum animalium non debetur neque
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1009 laus neque vituperium. Ergo in eis non est voluntarium.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1010 <p title="I-II q. 6 a. 2 s. c."><a name="33753"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1011 "ref">[33753] Iª-IIae q. 6 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1012 est quod dicit philosophus, in III Ethic., quod <i>pueri et bruta
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1013 animalia communicant voluntario</i>. Et idem dicunt Damascenus et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1014 Gregorius Nyssenus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1015 <p title="I-II q. 6 a. 2 co."><a name="33754"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1016 "ref">[33754] Iª-IIae q. 6 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1017 dicendum quod, sicut dictum est, ad rationem voluntarii requiritur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1018 quod principium actus sit intra, cum aliqua cognitione finis. Est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1019 autem duplex cognitio finis, perfecta scilicet, et imperfecta.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1020 Perfecta quidem finis cognitio est quando non solum apprehenditur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1021 res quae est finis sed etiam cognoscitur ratio finis, et proportio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1022 eius quod ordinatur in finem ad ipsum. Et talis cognitio finis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1023 competit soli rationali naturae. Imperfecta autem cognitio finis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1024 est quae in sola finis apprehensione consistit, sine hoc quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1025 cognoscatur ratio finis, et proportio actus ad finem. Et talis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1026 cognitio finis invenitur in brutis animalibus, per sensum et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1027 aestimationem naturalem. Perfectam igitur cognitionem finis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1028 sequitur voluntarium secundum rationem perfectam, prout scilicet,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1029 apprehenso fine, aliquis potest, deliberans de fine et de his quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1030 sunt ad finem, moveri in finem vel non moveri. Imperfectam autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1031 cognitionem finis sequitur voluntarium secundum rationem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1032 imperfectam, prout scilicet apprehendens finem non deliberat, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1033 subito movetur in ipsum. Unde soli rationali naturae competit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1034 voluntarium secundum rationem perfectam, sed secundum rationem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1035 imperfectam, competit etiam brutis animalibus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1036 <p title="I-II q. 6 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="33755"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1037 "ref">[33755] Iª-IIae q. 6 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1038 dicendum quod voluntas nominat rationalem appetitum, et ideo non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1039 potest esse in his quae ratione carent. Voluntarium autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1040 denominative dicitur a voluntate, et potest trahi ad ea in quibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1041 est aliqua participatio voluntatis, secundum aliquam convenientiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1042 ad voluntatem. Et hoc modo voluntarium attribuitur animalibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1043 brutis, inquantum scilicet per cognitionem aliquam moventur in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1044 finem.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1045 <p title="I-II q. 6 a. 2 ad 2"><a name="33756"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1046 "ref">[33756] Iª-IIae q. 6 a. 2 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1047 dicendum quod ex hoc contingit quod homo est dominus sui actus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1048 quod habet deliberationem de suis actibus, ex hoc enim quod ratio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1049 deliberans se habet ad opposita, voluntas in utrumque potest. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1050 secundum hoc voluntarium non est in brutis animalibus, ut dictum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1051 est.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1052 <p title="I-II q. 6 a. 2 ad 3"><a name="33757"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1053 "ref">[33757] Iª-IIae q. 6 a. 2 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1054 dicendum quod laus et vituperium consequuntur actum voluntarium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1055 secundum perfectam voluntarii rationem; qualis non invenitur in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1056 brutis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1057 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1058 <div class="E">Articulus 3</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1059 <p title="I-II q. 6 a. 3 arg. 1"><a name="33758"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1060 "ref">[33758] Iª-IIae q. 6 a. 3 arg. 1</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1061 sic proceditur. Videtur quod voluntarium non possit esse sine actu.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1062 Voluntarium enim dicitur quod est a voluntate. Sed nihil potest
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1063 esse a voluntate nisi per aliquem actum, ad minus ipsius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1064 voluntatis. Ergo voluntarium non potest esse sine actu.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1065 <p title="I-II q. 6 a. 3 arg. 2"><a name="33759"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1066 "ref">[33759] Iª-IIae q. 6 a. 3 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1067 sicut per actum voluntatis dicitur aliquis velle, ita cessante actu
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1068 voluntatis dicitur non velle. Sed non velle involuntarium causat,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1069 quod opponitur voluntario. Ergo voluntarium non potest esse, actu
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1070 voluntatis cessante.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1071 <p title="I-II q. 6 a. 3 arg. 3"><a name="33760"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1072 "ref">[33760] Iª-IIae q. 6 a. 3 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1073 de ratione voluntarii est cognitio, ut dictum est. Sed cognitio est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1074 per aliquem actum. Ergo voluntarium non potest esse absque aliquo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1075 actu.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1076 <p title="I-II q. 6 a. 3 s. c."><a name="33761"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1077 "ref">[33761] Iª-IIae q. 6 a. 3 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1078 illud cuius domini sumus, dicitur esse voluntarium. Sed nos domini
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1079 sumus eius quod est agere et non agere, velle et non velle. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1080 sicut agere et velle est voluntarium, ita et non agere et non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1081 velle.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1082 <p title="I-II q. 6 a. 3 co."><a name="33762"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1083 "ref">[33762] Iª-IIae q. 6 a. 3 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1084 dicendum quod voluntarium dicitur quod est a voluntate. Ab aliquo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1085 autem dicitur esse aliquid dupliciter. Uno modo, directe, quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1086 scilicet procedit ab aliquo inquantum est agens, sicut calefactio a
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1087 calore. Alio modo, indirecte, ex hoc ipso quod non agit, sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1088 submersio navis dicitur esse a gubernatore, inquantum desistit a
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1089 gubernando. Sed sciendum quod non semper id quod sequitur ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1090 defectum actionis, reducitur sicut in causam in agens, ex eo quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1091 non agit, sed solum tunc cum potest et debet agere. Si enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1092 gubernator non posset navem dirigere, vel non esset ei commissa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1093 gubernatio navis, non imputaretur ei navis submersio, quae per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1094 absentiam gubernatoris contingeret. Quia igitur voluntas, volendo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1095 et agendo, potest impedire hoc quod est non velle et non agere, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1096 aliquando debet; hoc quod est non velle et non agere, imputatur ei,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1097 quasi ab ipsa existens. Et sic voluntarium potest esse absque actu,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1098 quandoque quidem absque actu exteriori, cum actu interiori, sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1099 cum vult non agere; aliquando autem et absque actu interiori, sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1100 cum non vult.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1101 <p title="I-II q. 6 a. 3 ad 1"><a name="33763"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1102 "ref">[33763] Iª-IIae q. 6 a. 3 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1103 dicendum quod voluntarium dicitur non solum quod procedit a
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1104 voluntate directe, sicut ab agente; sed etiam quod est ab ea
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1105 indirecte, sicut a non agente.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1106 <p title="I-II q. 6 a. 3 ad 2"><a name="33764"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1107 "ref">[33764] Iª-IIae q. 6 a. 3 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1108 dicendum quod non velle dicitur dupliciter. Uno modo, prout sumitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1109 in vi unius dictionis, secundum quod est infinitivum huius verbi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1110 nolo. Unde sicut cum dico nolo legere, sensus est, volo non legere;
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1111 ita hoc quod est non velle legere, significat velle non legere. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1112 sic non velle causat involuntarium. Alio modo sumitur in vi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1113 orationis. Et tunc non affirmatur actus voluntatis. Et huiusmodi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1114 non velle non causat involuntarium.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1115 <p title="I-II q. 6 a. 3 ad 3"><a name="33765"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1116 "ref">[33765] Iª-IIae q. 6 a. 3 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1117 dicendum quod eo modo requiritur ad voluntarium actus cognitionis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1118 sicut et actus voluntatis; ut scilicet sit in potestate alicuius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1119 considerare et velle et agere. Et tunc sicut non velle et non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1120 agere, cum tempus fuerit, est voluntarium, ita etiam non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1121 considerare.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1122 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1123 <div class="E">Articulus 4</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1124 <p title="I-II q. 6 a. 4 arg. 1"><a name="33766"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1125 "ref">[33766] Iª-IIae q. 6 a. 4 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quartum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1126 sic proceditur. Videtur quod voluntati possit violentia inferri.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1127 Unumquodque enim potest cogi a potentiori. Sed aliquid est humana
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1128 voluntate potentius, scilicet Deus. Ergo saltem ab eo cogi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1129 potest.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1130 <p title="I-II q. 6 a. 4 arg. 2"><a name="33767"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1131 "ref">[33767] Iª-IIae q. 6 a. 4 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1132 omne passivum cogitur a suo activo, quando immutatur ab eo. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1133 voluntas est vis passiva, est enim movens motum, ut dicitur in III
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1134 de anima. Cum ergo aliquando moveatur a suo activo, videtur quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1135 aliquando cogatur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1136 <p title="I-II q. 6 a. 4 arg. 3"><a name="33768"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1137 "ref">[33768] Iª-IIae q. 6 a. 4 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1138 motus violentus est qui est contra naturam. Sed motus voluntatis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1139 aliquando est contra naturam; ut patet de motu voluntatis ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1140 peccandum, qui est contra naturam, ut Damascenus dicit. Ergo motus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1141 voluntatis potest esse coactus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1142 <p title="I-II q. 6 a. 4 s. c."><a name="33769"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1143 "ref">[33769] Iª-IIae q. 6 a. 4 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1144 est quod Augustinus dicit, in V de Civ. Dei, quod si aliquid fit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1145 voluntate, non fit ex necessitate. Omne autem coactum fit ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1146 necessitate. Ergo quod fit ex voluntate, non potest esse coactum.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1147 Ergo voluntas non potest cogi ad agendum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1148 <p title="I-II q. 6 a. 4 co."><a name="33770"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1149 "ref">[33770] Iª-IIae q. 6 a. 4 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1150 dicendum quod duplex est actus voluntatis, unus quidem qui est eius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1151 immediate, velut ab ipsa elicitus, scilicet velle; alius autem est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1152 actus voluntatis a voluntate imperatus, et mediante alia potentia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1153 exercitus, ut ambulare et loqui, qui a voluntate imperantur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1154 mediante potentia motiva. Quantum igitur ad actus a voluntate
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1155 imperatos, voluntas violentiam pati potest, inquantum per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1156 violentiam exteriora membra impediri possunt ne imperium voluntatis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1157 exequantur. Sed quantum ad ipsum proprium actum voluntatis, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1158 potest ei violentia inferri. Et huius ratio est quia actus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1159 voluntatis nihil est aliud quam inclinatio quaedam procedens ab
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1160 interiori principio cognoscente, sicut appetitus naturalis est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1161 quaedam inclinatio ab interiori principio et sine cognitione. Quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1162 autem est coactum vel violentum, est ab exteriori principio. Unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1163 contra rationem ipsius actus voluntatis est quod sit coactus vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1164 violentus, sicut etiam est contra rationem naturalis inclinationis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1165 vel motus. Potest enim lapis per violentiam sursum ferri, sed quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1166 iste motus violentus sit ex eius naturali inclinatione, esse non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1167 potest. Similiter etiam potest homo per violentiam trahi, sed quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1168 hoc sit ex eius voluntate, repugnat rationi violentiae.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1169 <p title="I-II q. 6 a. 4 ad 1"><a name="33771"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1170 "ref">[33771] Iª-IIae q. 6 a. 4 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1171 dicendum quod Deus, qui est potentior quam voluntas humana, potest
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1172 voluntatem humanam movere; secundum illud Prov. XXI, <i>cor regis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1173 in manu Dei est, et quocumque voluerit, vertet illud</i>. Sed si
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1174 hoc esset per violentiam, iam non esset cum actu voluntatis nec
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1175 ipsa voluntas moveretur, sed aliquid contra voluntatem.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1176 <p title="I-II q. 6 a. 4 ad 2"><a name="33772"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1177 "ref">[33772] Iª-IIae q. 6 a. 4 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1178 dicendum quod non semper est motus violentus, quando passivum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1179 immutatur a suo activo, sed quando hoc fit contra interiorem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1180 inclinationem passivi. Alioquin omnes alterationes et generationes
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1181 simplicium corporum essent innaturales et violentae. Sunt autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1182 naturales, propter naturalem aptitudinem interiorem materiae vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1183 subiecti ad talem dispositionem. Et similiter quando voluntas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1184 movetur ab appetibili secundum propriam inclinationem, non est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1185 motus violentus, sed voluntarius.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1186 <p title="I-II q. 6 a. 4 ad 3"><a name="33773"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1187 "ref">[33773] Iª-IIae q. 6 a. 4 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1188 dicendum quod id in quod voluntas tendit peccando, etsi sit malum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1189 et contra rationalem naturam secundum rei veritatem, apprehenditur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1190 tamen ut bonum et conveniens naturae, inquantum est conveniens
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1191 homini secundum aliquam passionem sensus, vel secundum aliquem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1192 habitum corruptum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1193 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1194 <div class="E">Articulus 5</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1195 <p title="I-II q. 6 a. 5 arg. 1"><a name="33774"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1196 "ref">[33774] Iª-IIae q. 6 a. 5 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quintum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1197 sic proceditur. Videtur quod violentia non causet involuntarium.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1198 Voluntarium enim et involuntarium secundum voluntatem dicuntur. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1199 voluntati violentia inferri non potest, ut ostensum est. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1200 violentia involuntarium causare non potest.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1201 <p title="I-II q. 6 a. 5 arg. 2"><a name="33775"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1202 "ref">[33775] Iª-IIae q. 6 a. 5 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1203 id quod est involuntarium, est cum tristitia, ut Damascenus et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1204 philosophus dicunt. Sed aliquando patitur aliquis violentiam, nec
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1205 tamen inde tristatur. Ergo violentia non causat involuntarium.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1206 <p title="I-II q. 6 a. 5 arg. 3"><a name="33776"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1207 "ref">[33776] Iª-IIae q. 6 a. 5 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1208 id quod est a voluntate, non potest esse involuntarium. Sed aliqua
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1209 violenta sunt a voluntate, sicut cum aliquis cum corpore gravi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1210 sursum ascendit; et sicut cum aliquis inflectit membra contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1211 naturalem eorum flexibilitatem. Ergo violentia non causat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1212 involuntarium.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1213 <p title="I-II q. 6 a. 5 s. c."><a name="33777"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1214 "ref">[33777] Iª-IIae q. 6 a. 5 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1215 est quod philosophus et Damascenus dicunt, quod <i>aliquid est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1216 involuntarium per violentiam</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1217 <p title="I-II q. 6 a. 5 co."><a name="33778"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1218 "ref">[33778] Iª-IIae q. 6 a. 5 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1219 dicendum quod violentia directe opponitur voluntario, sicut etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1220 et naturali. Commune est enim voluntario et naturali quod utrumque
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1221 sit a principio intrinseco, violentum autem est a principio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1222 extrinseco. Et propter hoc, sicut in rebus quae cognitione carent,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1223 violentia aliquid facit contra naturam; ita in rebus cognoscentibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1224 facit aliquid esse contra voluntatem. Quod autem est contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1225 naturam, dicitur esse innaturale, et similiter quod est contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1226 voluntatem, dicitur esse involuntarium. Unde violentia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1227 involuntarium causat.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1228 <p title="I-II q. 6 a. 5 ad 1"><a name="33779"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1229 "ref">[33779] Iª-IIae q. 6 a. 5 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1230 dicendum quod involuntarium voluntario opponitur. Dictum est autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1231 supra quod voluntarium dicitur non solum actus qui est immediate
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1232 ipsius voluntatis, sed etiam actus a voluntate imperatus. Quantum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1233 igitur ad actum qui est immediate ipsius voluntatis, ut supra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1234 dictum est, violentia voluntati inferri non potest, unde talem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1235 actum violentia involuntarium facere non potest. Sed quantum ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1236 actum imperatum, voluntas potest pati violentiam. Et quantum ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1237 hunc actum, violentia involuntarium facit.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1238 <p title="I-II q. 6 a. 5 ad 2"><a name="33780"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1239 "ref">[33780] Iª-IIae q. 6 a. 5 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1240 dicendum quod, sicut naturale dicitur quod est secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1241 inclinationem naturae, ita voluntarium dicitur quod est secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1242 inclinationem voluntatis. Dicitur autem aliquid naturale
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1243 dupliciter. Uno modo, quia est a natura sicut a principio activo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1244 sicut calefacere est naturale igni. Alio modo, secundum principium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1245 passivum, quia scilicet est in natura inclinatio ad recipiendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1246 actionem a principio extrinseco, sicut motus caeli dicitur esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1247 naturalis, propter aptitudinem naturalem caelestis corporis ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1248 talem motum, licet movens sit voluntarium. Et similiter voluntarium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1249 potest aliquid dici dupliciter, uno modo, secundum actionem, puta
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1250 cum aliquis vult aliquid agere; alio modo, secundum passionem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1251 scilicet cum aliquis vult pati ab alio. Unde cum actio infertur ab
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1252 aliquo exteriori, manente in eo qui patitur voluntate patiendi, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1253 est simpliciter violentum, quia licet ille qui patitur non conferat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1254 agendo, confert tamen volendo pati. Unde non potest dici
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1255 involuntarium.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1256 <p title="I-II q. 6 a. 5 ad 3"><a name="33781"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1257 "ref">[33781] Iª-IIae q. 6 a. 5 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1258 dicendum quod, sicut philosophus dicit in VIII Physic., motus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1259 animalis quo interdum movetur animal contra naturalem inclinationem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1260 corporis, etsi non sit naturalis corpori, est tamen quodammodo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1261 naturalis animali, cui naturale est quod secundum appetitum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1262 moveatur. Et ideo hoc non est violentum simpliciter, sed secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1263 quid. Et similiter est dicendum cum aliquis inflectit membra contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1264 naturalem dispositionem. Hoc enim est violentum secundum quid,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1265 scilicet quantum ad membrum particulare non tamen simpliciter,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1266 quantum ad ipsum hominem.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1267 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1268 <div class="E">Articulus 6</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1269 <p title="I-II q. 6 a. 6 arg. 1"><a name="33782"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1270 "ref">[33782] Iª-IIae q. 6 a. 6 arg. 1</span></a> Ad sextum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1271 sic proceditur. Videtur quod metus causet involuntarium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1272 simpliciter. Sicut enim violentia est respectu eius quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1273 contrariatur praesentialiter voluntati, ita metus est respectu mali
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1274 futuri quod repugnat voluntati. Sed violentia causat involuntarium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1275 simpliciter. Ergo et metus involuntarium simpliciter causat.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1276 <p title="I-II q. 6 a. 6 arg. 2"><a name="33783"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1277 "ref">[33783] Iª-IIae q. 6 a. 6 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1278 quod est secundum se tale, quolibet addito remanet tale, sicut quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1279 secundum se est calidum, cuicumque coniungatur, nihilominus est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1280 calidum, ipso manente. Sed illud quod per metum agitur, secundum se
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1281 est involuntarium. Ergo etiam adveniente metu est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1282 involuntarium.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1283 <p title="I-II q. 6 a. 6 arg. 3"><a name="33784"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1284 "ref">[33784] Iª-IIae q. 6 a. 6 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1285 quod sub conditione est tale, secundum quid est tale; quod autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1286 absque conditione est tale, simpliciter est tale, sicut quod est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1287 necessarium ex conditione, est necessarium secundum quid; quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1288 autem est necessarium absolute, est necessarium simpliciter. Sed id
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1289 quod per metum agitur, est involuntarium absolute, non est autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1290 voluntarium nisi sub conditione, scilicet ut vitetur malum quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1291 timetur. Ergo id quod per metum agitur, est simpliciter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1292 involuntarium.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1293 <p title="I-II q. 6 a. 6 s. c."><a name="33785"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1294 "ref">[33785] Iª-IIae q. 6 a. 6 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1295 est quod Gregorius Nyssenus dicit, et etiam philosophus quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1296 huiusmodi quae per metum aguntur, sunt magis voluntaria quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1297 involuntaria.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1298 <p title="I-II q. 6 a. 6 co."><a name="33786"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1299 "ref">[33786] Iª-IIae q. 6 a. 6 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1300 dicendum quod, sicut philosophus dicit in III Ethic., et idem dicit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1301 Gregorius Nyssenus in libro suo de homine, huiusmodi quae per metum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1302 aguntur, <i>mixta sunt ex voluntario et involuntario</i>. Id enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1303 quod per metum agitur, in se consideratum, non est voluntarium, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1304 fit voluntarium in casu, scilicet ad vitandum malum quod timetur.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1305 Sed si quis recte consideret, magis sunt huiusmodi voluntaria quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1306 involuntaria, sunt enim voluntaria simpliciter, involuntaria autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1307 secundum quid. Unumquodque enim simpliciter esse dicitur secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1308 quod est in actu, secundum autem quod est in sola apprehensione,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1309 non est simpliciter, sed secundum quid. Hoc autem quod per metum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1310 agitur, secundum hoc est in actu, secundum quod fit, cum enim actus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1311 in singularibus sint, singulare autem, inquantum huiusmodi, est hic
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1312 et nunc; secundum hoc id quod fit est in actu, secundum quod est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1313 hic et nunc et sub aliis conditionibus individualibus. Sic autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1314 hoc quod fit per metum, est voluntarium, inquantum scilicet est hic
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1315 et nunc, prout scilicet in hoc casu est impedimentum maioris mali
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1316 quod timebatur, sicut proiectio mercium in mare fit voluntarium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1317 tempore tempestatis, propter timorem periculi. Unde manifestum est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1318 quod simpliciter voluntarium est. Unde et competit ei ratio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1319 voluntarii, quia principium eius est intra. Sed quod accipiatur id
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1320 quod per metum fit, ut extra hunc casum existens, prout repugnat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1321 voluntati, hoc non est nisi secundum considerationem tantum. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1322 ideo est involuntarium secundum quid, idest prout consideratur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1323 extra hunc casum existens.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1324 <p title="I-II q. 6 a. 6 ad 1"><a name="33787"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1325 "ref">[33787] Iª-IIae q. 6 a. 6 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1326 dicendum quod ea quae aguntur per metum et per vim, non solum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1327 differunt secundum praesens et futurum, sed etiam secundum hoc,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1328 quod in eo quod agitur per vim, voluntas non consentit, sed omnino
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1329 est contra motum voluntatis, sed id quod per metum agitur, fit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1330 voluntarium, ideo quia motus voluntatis fertur in id, licet non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1331 propter seipsum, sed propter aliud, scilicet ad repellendum malum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1332 quod timetur. Sufficit enim ad rationem voluntarii quod sit propter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1333 aliud voluntarium, voluntarium enim est non solum quod propter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1334 seipsum volumus ut finem, sed etiam quod propter aliud volumus ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1335 propter finem. Patet ergo quod in eo quod per vim agitur, voluntas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1336 interior nihil agit, sed in eo quod per metum agitur, voluntas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1337 aliquid agit. Et ideo, ut Gregorius Nyssenus dicit, ad excludendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1338 ea quae per metum aguntur, in definitione violenti non solum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1339 dicitur quod violentum est cuius principium est extra, sed additur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1340 nihil conferente vim passo, quia ad id quod agitur per metum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1341 voluntas timentis aliquid confert.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1342 <p title="I-II q. 6 a. 6 ad 2"><a name="33788"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1343 "ref">[33788] Iª-IIae q. 6 a. 6 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1344 dicendum quod ea quae absolute dicuntur, quolibet addito remanent
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1345 talia, sicut calidum et album, sed ea quae relative dicuntur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1346 variantur secundum comparationem ad diversa; quod enim est magnum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1347 comparatum huic, est parvum comparatum alteri. Voluntarium autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1348 dicitur aliquid non solum propter seipsum, quasi absolute, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1349 etiam propter aliud, quasi relative. Et ideo nihil prohibet aliquid
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1350 quod non esset voluntarium alteri comparatum fieri voluntarium per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1351 comparationem ad aliud.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1352 <p title="I-II q. 6 a. 6 ad 3"><a name="33789"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1353 "ref">[33789] Iª-IIae q. 6 a. 6 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1354 dicendum quod illud quod per metum agitur, absque conditione est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1355 voluntarium, idest secundum quod actu agitur, sed involuntarium est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1356 sub conditione, idest si talis metus non immineret. Unde secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1357 illam rationem magis potest concludi oppositum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1358 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1359 <div class="E">Articulus 7</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1360 <p title="I-II q. 6 a. 7 arg. 1"><a name="33790"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1361 "ref">[33790] Iª-IIae q. 6 a. 7 arg. 1</span></a> Ad septimum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1362 sic proceditur. Videtur quod concupiscentia causet involuntarium.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1363 Sicut enim metus est quaedam passio, ita et concupiscentia. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1364 metus causat quodammodo involuntarium. Ergo etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1365 concupiscentia.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1366 <p title="I-II q. 6 a. 7 arg. 2"><a name="33791"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1367 "ref">[33791] Iª-IIae q. 6 a. 7 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1368 sicut per timorem timidus agit contra id quod proponebat, ita
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1369 incontinens propter concupiscentiam. Sed timor aliquo modo causat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1370 involuntarium. Ergo et concupiscentia.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1371 <p title="I-II q. 6 a. 7 arg. 3"><a name="33792"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1372 "ref">[33792] Iª-IIae q. 6 a. 7 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1373 ad voluntarium requiritur cognitio. Sed concupiscentia corrumpit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1374 cognitionem, dicit enim philosophus, in VI Ethic., quod delectatio,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1375 sive concupiscentia delectationis, corrumpit aestimationem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1376 prudentiae. Ergo concupiscentia causat involuntarium.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1377 <p title="I-II q. 6 a. 7 s. c."><a name="33793"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1378 "ref">[33793] Iª-IIae q. 6 a. 7 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1379 est quod Damascenus dicit, <i>involuntarium est misericordia vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1380 indulgentia dignum, et cum tristitia agitur</i>. Sed neutrum horum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1381 competit ei quod per concupiscentiam agitur. Ergo concupiscentia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1382 non causat involuntarium.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1383 <p title="I-II q. 6 a. 7 co."><a name="33794"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1384 "ref">[33794] Iª-IIae q. 6 a. 7 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1385 dicendum quod concupiscentia non causat involuntarium, sed magis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1386 facit aliquid voluntarium. Dicitur enim aliquid voluntarium ex eo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1387 quod voluntas in id fertur. Per concupiscentiam autem voluntas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1388 inclinatur ad volendum id quod concupiscitur. Et ideo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1389 concupiscentia magis facit ad hoc quod aliquid sit voluntarium,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1390 quam quod sit involuntarium.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1391 <p title="I-II q. 6 a. 7 ad 1"><a name="33795"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1392 "ref">[33795] Iª-IIae q. 6 a. 7 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1393 dicendum quod timor est de malo, concupiscentia autem respicit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1394 bonum. Malum autem secundum se contrariatur voluntati, sed bonum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1395 est voluntati consonum. Unde magis se habet timor ad causandum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1396 involuntarium quam concupiscentia.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1397 <p title="I-II q. 6 a. 7 ad 2"><a name="33796"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1398 "ref">[33796] Iª-IIae q. 6 a. 7 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1399 dicendum quod in eo qui per metum aliquid agit, manet repugnantia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1400 voluntatis ad id quod agitur, secundum quod in se consideratur. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1401 in eo qui agit aliquid per concupiscentiam, sicut est incontinens,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1402 non manet prior voluntas, qua repudiabat illud quod concupiscitur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1403 sed mutatur ad volendum id quod prius repudiabat. Et ideo quod per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1404 metum agitur, quodammodo est involuntarium, sed quod per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1405 concupiscentiam agitur, nullo modo. Nam incontinens concupiscentiae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1406 agit contra id quod prius proponebat, non autem contra id quod nunc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1407 vult, sed timidus agit contra id quod etiam nunc secundum se
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1408 vult.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1409 <p title="I-II q. 6 a. 7 ad 3"><a name="33797"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1410 "ref">[33797] Iª-IIae q. 6 a. 7 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1411 dicendum quod, si concupiscentia totaliter cognitionem auferret,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1412 sicut contingit in illis qui propter concupiscentiam fiunt amentes,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1413 sequeretur quod concupiscentia voluntarium tolleret. Nec tamen
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1414 proprie esset ibi involuntarium, quia in his quae usum rationis non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1415 habent, neque voluntarium est neque involuntarium. Sed quandoque in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1416 his quae per concupiscentiam aguntur, non totaliter tollitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1417 cognitio, quia non tollitur potestas cognoscendi; sed solum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1418 consideratio actualis in particulari agibili. Et tamen hoc ipsum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1419 est voluntarium, secundum quod voluntarium dicitur quod est in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1420 potestate voluntatis, ut non agere et non velle, similiter autem et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1421 non considerare, potest enim voluntas passioni resistere, ut infra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1422 dicetur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1423 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1424 <div class="E">Articulus 8</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1425 <p title="I-II q. 6 a. 8 arg. 1"><a name="33798"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1426 "ref">[33798] Iª-IIae q. 6 a. 8 arg. 1</span></a> Ad octavum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1427 sic proceditur. Videtur quod ignorantia non causet involuntarium.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1428 Involuntarium enim veniam meretur, ut Damascenus dicit. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1429 interdum quod per ignorantiam agitur, veniam non meretur; secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1430 illud I ad Cor. XIV, <i>si quis ignorat, ignorabitur</i>. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1431 ignorantia non causat involuntarium.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1432 <p title="I-II q. 6 a. 8 arg. 2"><a name="33799"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1433 "ref">[33799] Iª-IIae q. 6 a. 8 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1434 omne peccatum est cum ignorantia; secundum illud Prov. XIV,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1435 <i>errant qui operantur malum</i>. Si igitur ignorantia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1436 involuntarium causet, sequeretur quod omne peccatum esset
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1437 involuntarium. Quod est contra Augustinum dicentem quod omne
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1438 peccatum est voluntarium.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1439 <p title="I-II q. 6 a. 8 arg. 3"><a name="33800"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1440 "ref">[33800] Iª-IIae q. 6 a. 8 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1441 involuntarium cum tristitia est, ut Damascenus dicit. Sed quaedam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1442 ignoranter aguntur, et sine tristitia, puta si aliquis occidit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1443 hostem quem quaerit occidere, putans occidere cervum. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1444 ignorantia non causat involuntarium.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1445 <p title="I-II q. 6 a. 8 s. c."><a name="33801"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1446 "ref">[33801] Iª-IIae q. 6 a. 8 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1447 est quod Damascenus et philosophus dicunt, quod <i>involuntarium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1448 quoddam est per ignorantiam</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1449 <p title="I-II q. 6 a. 8 co."><a name="33802"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1450 "ref">[33802] Iª-IIae q. 6 a. 8 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1451 dicendum quod ignorantia habet causare involuntarium ea ratione qua
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1452 privat cognitionem, quae praeexigitur ad voluntarium, ut supra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1453 dictum est. Non tamen quaelibet ignorantia huiusmodi cognitionem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1454 privat. Et ideo sciendum quod ignorantia tripliciter se habet ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1455 actum voluntatis, uno modo, concomitanter; alio modo, consequenter;
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1456 tertio modo, antecedenter. Concomitanter quidem, quando ignorantia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1457 est de eo quod agitur, tamen, etiam si sciretur, nihilominus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1458 ageretur. Tunc enim ignorantia non inducit ad volendum ut hoc fiat,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1459 sed accidit simul esse aliquid factum et ignoratum, sicut, in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1460 exemplo posito, cum aliquis vellet quidem occidere hostem, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1461 ignorans occidit eum, putans occidere cervum. Et talis ignorantia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1462 non facit involuntarium, ut philosophus dicit, quia non causat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1463 aliquid quod sit repugnans voluntati, sed facit non voluntarium,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1464 quia non potest esse actu volitum quod ignoratum est. Consequenter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1465 autem se habet ignorantia ad voluntatem, inquantum ipsa ignorantia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1466 est voluntaria. Et hoc contingit dupliciter, secundum duos modos
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1467 voluntarii supra positos. Uno modo, quia actus voluntatis fertur in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1468 ignorantiam, sicut cum aliquis ignorare vult ut excusationem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1469 peccati habeat, vel ut non retrahatur a peccando, secundum illud
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1470 Iob XXI, <i>scientiam viarum tuarum nolumus</i>. Et haec dicitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1471 ignorantia affectata. Alio modo dicitur ignorantia voluntaria eius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1472 quod quis potest scire et debet, sic enim non agere et non velle
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1473 voluntarium dicitur, ut supra dictum est. Hoc igitur modo dicitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1474 ignorantia, sive cum aliquis actu non considerat quod considerare
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1475 potest et debet, quae est ignorantia malae electionis, vel ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1476 passione vel ex habitu proveniens, sive cum aliquis notitiam quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1477 debet habere, non curat acquirere; et secundum hunc modum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1478 ignorantia universalium iuris, quae quis scire tenetur, voluntaria
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1479 dicitur, quasi per negligentiam proveniens. Cum autem ipsa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1480 ignorantia sit voluntaria aliquo istorum modorum, non potest
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1481 causare simpliciter involuntarium. Causat tamen secundum quid
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1482 involuntarium, inquantum praecedit motum voluntatis ad aliquid
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1483 agendum, qui non esset scientia praesente. Antecedenter autem se
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1484 habet ad voluntatem ignorantia, quando non est voluntaria, et tamen
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1485 est causa volendi quod alias homo non vellet. Sicut cum homo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1486 ignorat aliquam circumstantiam actus quam non tenebatur scire, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1487 ex hoc aliquid agit, quod non faceret si sciret, puta cum aliquis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1488 diligentia adhibita, nesciens aliquem transire per viam, proiicit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1489 sagittam, qua interficit transeuntem. Et talis ignorantia causat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1490 involuntarium simpliciter.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1491 <p title="I-II q. 6 a. 8 ad 1"><a name="33803"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1492 "ref">[33803] Iª-IIae q. 6 a. 8 ad 1</span></a> Et per hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1493 patet responsio ad obiecta. Nam prima ratio procedebat de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1494 ignorantia eorum quae quis tenetur scire. Secunda autem, de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1495 ignorantia electionis, quae quodammodo est voluntaria, ut dictum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1496 est. Tertia vero, de ignorantia quae concomitanter se habet ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1497 voluntatem.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1498 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1499 <div class="D">Quaestio 7</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1500 <div class="G">Prooemium</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1501 <p title="I-II q. 7 pr."><a name="33804"><span class="ref">[33804]
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1502 Iª-IIae q. 7 pr.</span></a> Deinde considerandum est de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1503 circumstantiis humanorum actuum. Et circa hoc quaeruntur quatuor.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1504 Primo, quid sit circumstantia. Secundo, utrum circumstantiae sint
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1505 circa humanos actus attendendae a theologo. Tertio, quot sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1506 circumstantiae. Quarto, quae sunt in eis principaliores.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1507 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1508 <div class="E">Articulus 1</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1509 <p title="I-II q. 7 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="33805"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1510 "ref">[33805] Iª-IIae q. 7 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1511 sic proceditur. Videtur quod circumstantia non sit accidens actus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1512 humani. Dicit enim Tullius, in rhetoricis, quod <i>circumstantia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1513 est per quam argumentationi auctoritatem et firmamentum adiungit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1514 oratio</i>. Sed oratio dat firmamentum argumentationi praecipue ab
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1515 his quae sunt de substantia rei, ut definitio, genus, species, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1516 alia huiusmodi; a quibus etiam Tullius oratorem argumentari docet.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1517 Ergo circumstantia non est accidens humani actus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1518 <p title="I-II q. 7 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="33806"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1519 "ref">[33806] Iª-IIae q. 7 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1520 accidentis proprium est inesse. Quod autem circumstat, non inest,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1521 sed magis est extra. Ergo circumstantiae non sunt accidentia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1522 humanorum actuum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1523 <p title="I-II q. 7 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="33807"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1524 "ref">[33807] Iª-IIae q. 7 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1525 accidentis non est accidens. Sed ipsi humani actus sunt quaedam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1526 accidentia. Non ergo circumstantiae sunt accidentia actuum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1527 <p title="I-II q. 7 a. 1 s. c."><a name="33808"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1528 "ref">[33808] Iª-IIae q. 7 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1529 particulares conditiones cuiuslibet rei singularis dicuntur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1530 accidentia individuantia ipsam. Sed philosophus, in III Ethic.,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1531 circumstantias nominat particularia, idest particulares singulorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1532 actuum conditiones. Ergo circumstantiae sunt accidentia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1533 individualia humanorum actuum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1534 <p title="I-II q. 7 a. 1 co."><a name="33809"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1535 "ref">[33809] Iª-IIae q. 7 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1536 dicendum quod, quia nomina, secundum philosophum, sunt signa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1537 intellectuum, necesse est quod secundum processum intellectivae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1538 cognitionis, sit etiam nominationis processus. Procedit autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1539 nostra cognitio intellectualis a notioribus ad minus nota. Et ideo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1540 apud nos a notioribus nomina transferuntur ad significandum res
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1541 minus notas. Et inde est quod, sicut dicitur in X Metaphys., <i>ab
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1542 his quae sunt secundum locum, processit nomen distantiae ad omnia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1543 contraria</i>, et similiter nominibus pertinentibus ad motum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1544 localem, utimur ad significandum alios motus, eo quod corpora, quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1545 loco circumscribuntur, sunt maxime nobis nota. Et inde est quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1546 nomen circumstantiae ab his quae in loco sunt, derivatur ad actus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1547 humanos. Dicitur autem in localibus aliquid circumstare, quod est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1548 quidem extrinsecum a re, tamen attingit ipsam, vel appropinquat ei
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1549 secundum locum. Et ideo quaecumque conditiones sunt extra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1550 substantiam actus, et tamen attingunt aliquo modo actum humanum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1551 circumstantiae dicuntur. Quod autem est extra substantiam rei ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1552 rem ipsam pertinens, accidens eius dicitur. Unde circumstantiae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1553 actuum humanorum accidentia eorum dicenda sunt.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1554 <p title="I-II q. 7 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="33810"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1555 "ref">[33810] Iª-IIae q. 7 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1556 dicendum quod oratio quidem dat firmamentum argumentationi, primo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1557 ex substantia actus, secundario vero, ex his quae circumstant
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1558 actum. Sicut primo accusabilis redditur aliquis ex hoc quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1559 homicidium fecit, secundario vero, ex hoc quod dolo fecit, vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1560 propter lucrum, vel in tempore aut loco sacro, aut aliquid aliud
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1561 huiusmodi. Et ideo signanter dicit quod per circumstantiam oratio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1562 argumentationi firmamentum adiungit, quasi secundario.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1563 <p title="I-II q. 7 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="33811"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1564 "ref">[33811] Iª-IIae q. 7 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1565 dicendum quod aliquid dicitur accidens alicuius dupliciter. Uno
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1566 modo, quia inest ei, sicut album dicitur accidens Socratis. Alio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1567 modo quia est simul cum eo in eodem subiecto, sicut dicitur quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1568 album accidit musico, inquantum conveniunt, et quodammodo se
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1569 contingunt, in uno subiecto. Et per hunc modum dicuntur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1570 circumstantiae accidentia actuum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1571 <p title="I-II q. 7 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="33812"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1572 "ref">[33812] Iª-IIae q. 7 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1573 dicendum quod, sicut dictum est, accidens dicitur accidenti
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1574 accidere propter convenientiam in subiecto. Sed hoc contingit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1575 dupliciter. Uno modo, secundum quod duo accidentia comparantur ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1576 unum subiectum absque aliquo ordine, sicut album et musicum ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1577 Socratem. Alio modo, cum aliquo ordine, puta quia subiectum recipit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1578 unum accidens alio mediante, sicut corpus recipit colorem mediante
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1579 superficie. Et sic unum accidens dicitur etiam alteri inesse,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1580 dicimus enim colorem esse in superficie. Utroque autem modo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1581 circumstantiae se habent ad actus. Nam aliquae circumstantiae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1582 ordinatae ad actum, pertinent ad agentem non mediante actu, puta
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1583 locus et conditio personae, aliquae vero mediante ipso actu, sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1584 modus agendi.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1585 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1586 <div class="E">Articulus 2</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1587 <p title="I-II q. 7 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="33813"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1588 "ref">[33813] Iª-IIae q. 7 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1589 sic proceditur. Videtur quod circumstantiae humanorum actuum non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1590 sint considerandae a theologo. Non enim considerantur a theologo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1591 actus humani, nisi secundum quod sunt aliquales, idest boni vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1592 mali. Sed circumstantiae non videntur posse facere actus aliquales,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1593 quia nihil qualificatur, formaliter loquendo, ab eo quod est extra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1594 ipsum, sed ab eo quod in ipso est. Ergo circumstantiae actuum non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1595 sunt a theologo considerandae.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1596 <p title="I-II q. 7 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="33814"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1597 "ref">[33814] Iª-IIae q. 7 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1598 circumstantiae sunt accidentia actuum. Sed uni infinita accidunt,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1599 et ideo, ut dicitur in VI Metaphys., <i>nulla ars vel scientia est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1600 circa ens per accidens, nisi sola sophistica</i>. Ergo theologos
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1601 non habet considerare circumstantias humanorum actuum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1602 <p title="I-II q. 7 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="33815"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1603 "ref">[33815] Iª-IIae q. 7 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1604 circumstantiarum consideratio pertinet ad rhetorem. Rhetorica autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1605 non est pars theologiae. Ergo consideratio circumstantiarum non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1606 pertinet ad theologum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1607 <p title="I-II q. 7 a. 2 s. c."><a name="33816"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1608 "ref">[33816] Iª-IIae q. 7 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1609 ignorantia circumstantiarum causat involuntarium, ut Damascenus et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1610 Gregorius Nyssenus dicunt. Sed involuntarium excusat a culpa, cuius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1611 consideratio pertinet ad theologum. Ergo et consideratio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1612 circumstantiarum ad theologum pertinet.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1613 <p title="I-II q. 7 a. 2 co."><a name="33817"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1614 "ref">[33817] Iª-IIae q. 7 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1615 dicendum quod circumstantiae pertinent ad considerationem theologi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1616 triplici ratione. Primo quidem, quia theologus considerat actus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1617 humanos secundum quod per eos homo ad beatitudinem ordinatur. Omne
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1618 autem quod ordinatur ad finem, oportet esse proportionatum fini.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1619 Actus autem proportionantur fini secundum commensurationem quandam,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1620 quae fit per debitas circumstantias. Unde consideratio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1621 circumstantiarum ad theologum pertinet. Secundo, quia theologus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1622 considerat actus humanos secundum quod in eis invenitur bonum et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1623 malum, et melius et peius, et hoc diversificatur secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1624 circumstantias, ut infra patebit. Tertio, quia theologus considerat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1625 actus humanos secundum quod sunt meritorii vel demeritorii, quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1626 convenit actibus humanis; ad quod requiritur quod sint voluntarii.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1627 Actus autem humanus iudicatur voluntarius vel involuntarius,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1628 secundum cognitionem vel ignorantiam circumstantiarum, ut dictum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1629 est. Et ideo consideratio circumstantiarum pertinet ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1630 theologum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1631 <p title="I-II q. 7 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="33818"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1632 "ref">[33818] Iª-IIae q. 7 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1633 dicendum quod bonum ordinatum ad finem dicitur utile, quod importat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1634 relationem quandam, unde philosophus dicit, in I Ethic., quod <i>in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1635 ad aliquid bonum est utile</i>. In his autem quae ad aliquid
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1636 dicuntur, denominatur aliquid non solum ab eo quod inest, sed etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1637 ab eo quod extrinsecus adiacet, ut patet in dextro et sinistro,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1638 aequali et inaequali, et similibus. Et ideo, cum bonitas actuum sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1639 inquantum sunt utiles ad finem, nihil prohibet eos bonos vel malos
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1640 dici secundum proportionem ad aliqua quae exterius adiacent.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1641 <p title="I-II q. 7 a. 2 ad 2"><a name="33819"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1642 "ref">[33819] Iª-IIae q. 7 a. 2 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1643 dicendum quod accidentia quae omnino per accidens se habent,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1644 relinquuntur ab omni arte, propter eorum incertitudinem et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1645 infinitatem. Sed talia accidentia non habent rationem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1646 circumstantiae, quia, ut dictum est, sic circumstantiae sunt extra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1647 actum, quod tamen actum aliquo modo contingunt, ordinatae ad ipsum.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1648 Accidentia autem per se cadunt sub arte.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1649 <p title="I-II q. 7 a. 2 ad 3"><a name="33820"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1650 "ref">[33820] Iª-IIae q. 7 a. 2 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1651 dicendum quod consideratio circumstantiarum pertinet ad moralem, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1652 politicum, et ad rhetorem. Ad moralem quidem, prout secundum eas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1653 invenitur vel praetermittitur medium virtutis in humanis actibus et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1654 passionibus. Ad politicum autem et rhetorem, secundum quod ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1655 circumstantiis actus redduntur laudabiles vel vituperabiles,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1656 excusabiles vel accusabiles. Diversimode tamen, nam quod rhetor
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1657 persuadet, politicus diiudicat. Ad theologum autem, cui omnes aliae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1658 artes deserviunt, pertinent omnibus modis praedictis, nam ipse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1659 habet considerationem de actibus virtuosis et vitiosis, cum morali;
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1660 et considerat actus secundum quod merentur poenam vel praemium, cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1661 rhetore et politico.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1662 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1663 <div class="E">Articulus 3</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1664 <p title="I-II q. 7 a. 3 arg. 1"><a name="33821"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1665 "ref">[33821] Iª-IIae q. 7 a. 3 arg. 1</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1666 sic proceditur. Videtur quod inconvenienter circumstantiae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1667 numerentur in III Ethic. Circumstantia enim actus dicitur quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1668 exterius se habet ad actum. Huiusmodi autem sunt tempus et locus.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1669 Ergo solae duae sunt circumstantiae, scilicet quando et ubi.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1670 <p title="I-II q. 7 a. 3 arg. 2"><a name="33822"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1671 "ref">[33822] Iª-IIae q. 7 a. 3 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1672 ex circumstantiis accipitur quid bene vel male fiat. Sed hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1673 pertinet ad modum actus. Ergo omnes circumstantiae concluduntur sub
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1674 una, quae est modus agendi.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1675 <p title="I-II q. 7 a. 3 arg. 3"><a name="33823"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1676 "ref">[33823] Iª-IIae q. 7 a. 3 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1677 circumstantiae non sunt de substantia actus. Sed ad substantiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1678 actus pertinere videntur causae ipsius actus. Ergo nulla
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1679 circumstantia debet sumi ex causa ipsius actus. Sic ergo neque
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1680 quis, neque propter quid, neque circa quid, sunt circumstantiae,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1681 nam quis pertinet ad causam efficientem, propter quid ad finalem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1682 circa quid ad materialem.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1683 <p title="I-II q. 7 a. 3 s. c."><a name="33824"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1684 "ref">[33824] Iª-IIae q. 7 a. 3 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1685 est auctoritas philosophi in III Ethicorum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1686 <p title="I-II q. 7 a. 3 co."><a name="33825"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1687 "ref">[33825] Iª-IIae q. 7 a. 3 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1688 dicendum quod Tullius, in sua rhetorica, assignat septem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1689 circumstantias, quae hoc versu continentur, <i>quis, quid, ubi,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1690 quibus auxiliis, cur, quomodo, quando</i>. Considerandum est enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1691 in actibus quis fecit, quibus auxiliis vel instrumentis fecerit,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1692 quid fecerit, ubi fecerit, cur fecerit, quomodo fecerit, et quando
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1693 fecerit. Sed Aristoteles, in III Ethic., addit aliam, scilicet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1694 circa quid, quae a Tullio comprehenditur sub quid. Et ratio huius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1695 annumerationis sic accipi potest. Nam circumstantia dicitur quod,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1696 extra substantiam actus existens, aliquo modo attingit ipsum.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1697 Contingit autem hoc fieri tripliciter, uno modo, inquantum attingit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1698 ipsum actum; alio modo, inquantum attingit causam actus; tertio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1699 modo, inquantum attingit effectum. Ipsum autem actum attingit, vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1700 per modum mensurae, sicut tempus et locus; vel per modum qualitatis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1701 actus, sicut modus agendi. Ex parte autem effectus, ut cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1702 consideratur quid aliquis fecerit. Ex parte vero causae actus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1703 quantum ad causam finalem, accipitur propter quid; ex parte autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1704 causae materialis, sive obiecti, accipitur circa quid; ex parte
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1705 vero causae agentis principalis, accipitur quis egerit; ex parte
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1706 vero causae agentis instrumentalis, accipitur quibus auxiliis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1707 <p title="I-II q. 7 a. 3 ad 1"><a name="33826"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1708 "ref">[33826] Iª-IIae q. 7 a. 3 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1709 dicendum quod tempus et locus circumstant actum per modum mensurae,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1710 sed alia circumstant actum inquantum attingunt ipsum quocumque alio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1711 modo, extra substantiam eius existentia.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1712 <p title="I-II q. 7 a. 3 ad 2"><a name="33827"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1713 "ref">[33827] Iª-IIae q. 7 a. 3 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1714 dicendum quod iste modus qui est bene vel male, non ponitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1715 circumstantia, sed consequens ad omnes circumstantias. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1716 specialis circumstantia ponitur modus qui pertinet ad qualitatem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1717 actus, puta quod aliquis ambulet velociter vel tarde, et quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1718 aliquis percutit fortiter vel remisse, et sic de aliis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1719 <p title="I-II q. 7 a. 3 ad 3"><a name="33828"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1720 "ref">[33828] Iª-IIae q. 7 a. 3 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1721 dicendum quod illa conditio causae ex qua substantia actus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1722 dependet, non dicitur circumstantia; sed aliqua conditio adiuncta.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1723 Sicut in obiecto non dicitur circumstantia furti quod sit alienum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1724 hoc enim pertinet ad substantiam furti; sed quod sit magnum vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1725 parvum. Et similiter est de aliis circumstantiis quae accipiuntur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1726 ex parte aliarum causarum. Non enim finis qui dat speciem actus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1727 est circumstantia; sed aliquis finis adiunctus. Sicut quod fortis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1728 fortiter agat propter bonum fortitudinis, non est circumstantia;
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1729 sed si fortiter agat propter liberationem civitatis, vel populi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1730 Christiani, vel aliquid huiusmodi. Similiter etiam ex parte eius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1731 quod est quid, nam quod aliquis perfundens aliquem aqua, abluat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1732 ipsum, non est circumstantia ablutionis; sed quod abluendo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1733 infrigidet vel calefaciat, et sanet vel noceat, hoc est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1734 circumstantia.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1735 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1736 <div class="E">Articulus 4</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1737 <p title="I-II q. 7 a. 4 arg. 1"><a name="33829"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1738 "ref">[33829] Iª-IIae q. 7 a. 4 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quartum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1739 sic proceditur. Videtur quod non sint principales circumstantiae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1740 propter quid, et ea in quibus est operatio, ut dicitur in III
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1741 Ethic. Ea enim in quibus est operatio, videntur esse locus et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1742 tempus, quae non videntur esse principalia inter circumstantias,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1743 cum sint maxime extrinseca ab actu. Ea ergo in quibus est operatio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1744 non sunt principalissimae circumstantiarum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1745 <p title="I-II q. 7 a. 4 arg. 2"><a name="33830"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1746 "ref">[33830] Iª-IIae q. 7 a. 4 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1747 finis est extrinsecus rei. Non ergo videtur esse principalissima
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1748 circumstantiarum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1749 <p title="I-II q. 7 a. 4 arg. 3"><a name="33831"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1750 "ref">[33831] Iª-IIae q. 7 a. 4 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1751 principalissimum in unoquoque est causa eius et forma ipsius. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1752 causa ipsius actus est persona agens; forma autem actus est modus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1753 ipsius. Ergo istae duae circumstantiae videntur esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1754 principalissimae.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1755 <p title="I-II q. 7 a. 4 s. c."><a name="33832"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1756 "ref">[33832] Iª-IIae q. 7 a. 4 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1757 est quod Gregorius Nyssenus dicit, quod <i>principalissimae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1758 circumstantiae sunt cuius gratia agitur, et quid est quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1759 agitur</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1760 <p title="I-II q. 7 a. 4 co."><a name="33833"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1761 "ref">[33833] Iª-IIae q. 7 a. 4 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1762 dicendum quod actus proprie dicuntur humani, sicut supra dictum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1763 est, prout sunt voluntarii. Voluntatis autem motivum et obiectum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1764 est finis. Et ideo principalissima est omnium circumstantiarum illa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1765 quae attingit actum ex parte finis, scilicet cuius gratia,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1766 secundaria vero, quae attingit ipsam substantiam actus, idest quid
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1767 fecit. Aliae vero circumstantiae sunt magis vel minus principales,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1768 secundum quod magis vel minus ad has appropinquant.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1769 <p title="I-II q. 7 a. 4 ad 1"><a name="33834"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1770 "ref">[33834] Iª-IIae q. 7 a. 4 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1771 dicendum quod per ea in quibus est operatio, philosophus non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1772 intelligit tempus et locum, sed ea quae adiunguntur ipsi actui.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1773 Unde Gregorius Nyssenus, quasi exponens dictum philosophi, loco
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1774 eius quod philosophus dixit, in quibus est operatio, dicit quid
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1775 agitur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1776 <p title="I-II q. 7 a. 4 ad 2"><a name="33835"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1777 "ref">[33835] Iª-IIae q. 7 a. 4 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1778 dicendum quod finis, etsi non sit de substantia actus, est tamen
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1779 causa actus principalissima, inquantum movet ad agendum. Unde et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1780 maxime actus moralis speciem habet ex fine.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1781 <p title="I-II q. 7 a. 4 ad 3"><a name="33836"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1782 "ref">[33836] Iª-IIae q. 7 a. 4 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1783 dicendum quod persona agens causa est actus secundum quod movetur a
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1784 fine; et secundum hoc principaliter ordinatur ad actum. Aliae vero
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1785 conditiones personae non ita principaliter ordinantur ad actum.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1786 Modus etiam non est substantialis forma actus, hoc enim attenditur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1787 in actu secundum obiectum et terminum vel finem, sed est quasi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1788 quaedam qualitas accidentalis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1789 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1790 <div class="D">Quaestio 8</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1791 <div class="G">Prooemium</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1792 <p title="I-II q. 8 pr."><a name="33837"><span class="ref">[33837]
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1793 Iª-IIae q. 8 pr.</span></a> Deinde considerandum est de ipsis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1794 actibus voluntariis in speciali. Et primo, de actibus qui sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1795 immediate ipsius voluntatis velut ab ipsa voluntate eliciti;
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1796 secundo de actibus imperatis a voluntate. Voluntas autem movetur et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1797 in finem, et in ea quae sunt ad finem. Primo igitur considerandum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1798 est de actibus voluntatis quibus movetur in finem; et deinde de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1799 actibus eius quibus movetur in ea quae sunt ad finem. Actus autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1800 voluntatis in finem videntur esse tres, scilicet velle, frui et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1801 intendere. Primo ergo considerabimus de voluntate; secundo, de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1802 fruitione; tertio, de intentione. Circa primum consideranda sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1803 tria, primo quidem, quorum voluntas sit; secundo, a quo moveatur;
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1804 tertio, quomodo moveatur. Circa primum quaeruntur tria. Primo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1805 utrum voluntas sit tantum boni. Secundum, utrum sit tantum finis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1806 an etiam eorum quae sunt ad finem. Tertio, si est aliquo modo eorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1807 quae sunt ad finem, utrum uno motu moveatur in finem et in ea quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1808 sunt ad finem.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1809 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1810 <div class="E">Articulus 1</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1811 <p title="I-II q. 8 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="33838"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1812 "ref">[33838] Iª-IIae q. 8 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1813 sic proceditur. Videtur quod voluntas non tantum sit boni. Eadem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1814 enim est potentia oppositorum, sicut visus albi et nigri. Sed bonum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1815 et malum sunt opposita. Ergo voluntas non solum est boni, sed etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1816 mali.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1817 <p title="I-II q. 8 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="33839"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1818 "ref">[33839] Iª-IIae q. 8 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1819 potentiae rationales se habent ad opposita prosequenda, secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1820 philosophum. Sed voluntas est potentia rationalis, est enim in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1821 ratione, ut dicitur in III de anima. Ergo voluntas se habet ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1822 opposita. Non ergo tantum ad volendum bonum, sed etiam ad volendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1823 malum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1824 <p title="I-II q. 8 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="33840"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1825 "ref">[33840] Iª-IIae q. 8 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1826 bonum et ens convertuntur. Sed voluntas non solum est entium, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1827 etiam non entium, volumus enim quandoque non ambulare et non loqui.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1828 Volumus etiam interdum quaedam futura, quae non sunt entia in actu.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1829 Ergo voluntas non tantum est boni.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1830 <p title="I-II q. 8 a. 1 s. c."><a name="33841"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1831 "ref">[33841] Iª-IIae q. 8 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1832 est quod Dionysius dicit, IV cap. de Div. Nom., quod <i>malum est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1833 praeter voluntatem, et quod omnia bonum appetunt</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1834 <p title="I-II q. 8 a. 1 co."><a name="33842"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1835 "ref">[33842] Iª-IIae q. 8 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1836 dicendum quod voluntas est appetitus quidam rationalis. Omnis autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1837 appetitus non est nisi boni. Cuius ratio est quia appetitus nihil
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1838 aliud est quam inclinatio appetentis in aliquid. Nihil autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1839 inclinatur nisi in aliquid simile et conveniens. Cum igitur omnis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1840 res, inquantum est ens et substantia, sit quoddam bonum, necesse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1841 est ut omnis inclinatio sit in bonum. Et inde est quod philosophus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1842 dicit, in I Ethic., quod bonum est quod omnia appetunt. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1843 considerandum est quod, cum omnis inclinatio consequatur aliquam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1844 formam, appetitus naturalis consequitur formam in natura
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1845 existentem, appetitus autem sensitivus, vel etiam intellectivus seu
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1846 rationalis, qui dicitur voluntas, sequitur formam apprehensam.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1847 Sicut igitur id in quod tendit appetitus naturalis, est bonum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1848 existens in re; ita id in quod tendit appetitus animalis vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1849 voluntarius, est bonum apprehensum. Ad hoc igitur quod voluntas in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1850 aliquid tendat, non requiritur quod sit bonum in rei veritate, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1851 quod apprehendatur in ratione boni. Et propter hoc philosophus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1852 dicit, in II Physic., quod <i>finis est bonum, vel apparens
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1853 bonum</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1854 <p title="I-II q. 8 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="33843"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1855 "ref">[33843] Iª-IIae q. 8 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1856 dicendum quod eadem potentia est oppositorum, sed non eodem modo se
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1857 habet ad utrumque. Voluntas igitur se habet et ad bonum et ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1858 malum, sed ad bonum, appetendo ipsum; ad malum vero, fugiendo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1859 illud. Ipse ergo actualis appetitus boni vocatur voluntas, secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1860 quod nominat actum voluntatis, sic enim nunc loquimur de voluntate.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1861 Fuga autem mali magis dicitur noluntas. Unde sicut voluntas est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1862 boni, ita noluntas est mali.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1863 <p title="I-II q. 8 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="33844"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1864 "ref">[33844] Iª-IIae q. 8 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1865 dicendum quod potentia rationalis non se habet ad quaelibet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1866 opposita prosequenda, sed ad ea quae sub suo obiecto convenienti
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1867 continentur, nam nulla potentia prosequitur nisi suum conveniens
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1868 obiectum. Obiectum autem voluntatis est bonum. Unde ad illa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1869 opposita prosequenda se habet voluntas, quae sub bono
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1870 comprehenduntur, sicut moveri et quiescere, loqui et tacere, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1871 alia huiusmodi, in utrumque enim horum fertur voluntas sub ratione
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1872 boni.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1873 <p title="I-II q. 8 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="33845"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1874 "ref">[33845] Iª-IIae q. 8 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1875 dicendum quod illud quod non est ens in rerum natura, accipitur ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1876 ens in ratione, unde negationes et privationes dicuntur entia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1877 rationis. Per quem etiam modum futura, prout apprehenduntur, sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1878 entia. Inquantum igitur sunt huiusmodi entia, apprehenduntur sub
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1879 ratione boni, et sic voluntas in ea tendit. Unde philosophus dicit,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1880 in V Ethic., quod <i>carere malo habet rationem boni</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1881 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1882 <div class="E">Articulus 2</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1883 <p title="I-II q. 8 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="33846"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1884 "ref">[33846] Iª-IIae q. 8 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1885 sic proceditur. Videtur quod voluntas non sit eorum quae sunt ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1886 finem, sed tantum finis. Dicit enim philosophus, in III Ethic.,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1887 quod <i>voluntas est finis, electio autem eorum quae sunt ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1888 finem.</i></p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1889 <p title="I-II q. 8 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="33847"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1890 "ref">[33847] Iª-IIae q. 8 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1891 ad ea quae sunt diversa genere, diversae potentiae animae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1892 ordinantur, ut dicitur in VI Ethic. Sed finis et ea quae sunt ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1893 finem sunt in diverso genere boni, nam finis, qui est bonum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1894 honestum vel delectabile, est in genere qualitatis, vel actionis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1895 aut passionis; bonum autem quod dicitur utile, quod est ad finem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1896 est in ad aliquid, ut dicitur in I Ethic. Ergo, si voluntas est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1897 finis, non erit eorum quae sunt ad finem.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1898 <p title="I-II q. 8 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="33848"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1899 "ref">[33848] Iª-IIae q. 8 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1900 habitus proportionantur potentis, cum sint earum perfectiones. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1901 in habitibus qui dicuntur artes operativae, ad aliud pertinet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1902 finis, et ad aliud quod est ad finem, sicut ad gubernatorem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1903 pertinet usus navis, qui est finis eius; ad navifactivam vero
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1904 constructio navis, quae est propter finem. Ergo, cum voluntas sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1905 finis, non erit eorum quae sunt ad finem.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1906 <p title="I-II q. 8 a. 2 s. c."><a name="33849"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1907 "ref">[33849] Iª-IIae q. 8 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1908 est, quia in rebus naturalibus per eandem potentiam aliquid
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1909 pertransit media, et pertingit ad terminum. Sed ea quae sunt ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1910 finem, sunt quaedam media per quae pervenitur ad finem sicut ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1911 terminum. Ergo, si voluntas est finis, ipsa etiam est eorum quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1912 sunt ad finem.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1913 <p title="I-II q. 8 a. 2 co."><a name="33850"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1914 "ref">[33850] Iª-IIae q. 8 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1915 dicendum quod voluntas quandoque dicitur ipsa potentia qua volumus;
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1916 quandoque autem ipse voluntatis actus. Si ergo loquamur de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1917 voluntate secundum quod nominat potentiam, sic se extendit et ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1918 finem, et ad ea quae sunt ad finem. Ad ea enim se extendit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1919 unaquaeque potentia, in quibus inveniri potest quocumque modo ratio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1920 sui obiecti, sicut visus se extendit ad omnia quaecumque
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1921 participant quocumque modo colorem. Ratio autem boni, quod est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1922 obiectum potentiae voluntatis, invenitur non solum in fine, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1923 etiam in his quae sunt ad finem. Si autem loquamur de voluntate
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1924 secundum quod nominat proprie actum, sic, proprie loquendo, est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1925 finis tantum. Omnis enim actus denominatus a potentia, nominat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1926 simplicem actum illius potentiae, sicut intelligere nominat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1927 simplicem actum intellectus. Simplex autem actus potentiae est in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1928 id quod est secundum se obiectum potentiae. Id autem quod est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1929 propter se bonum et volitum, est finis. Unde voluntas proprie est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1930 ipsius finis. Ea vero quae sunt ad finem, non sunt bona vel volita
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1931 propter seipsa, sed ex ordine ad finem. Unde voluntas in ea non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1932 fertur, nisi quatenus fertur in finem, unde hoc ipsum quod in eis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1933 vult, est finis. Sicut et intelligere proprie est eorum quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1934 secundum se cognoscuntur, scilicet principiorum, eorum autem quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1935 cognoscuntur per principia, non dicitur esse intelligentia, nisi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1936 inquantum in eis ipsa principia considerantur, <i>sic enim se habet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1937 finis in appetibilibus, sicut se habet principium in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1938 intelligibilibus</i>, ut dicitur in VII Ethic.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1939 <p title="I-II q. 8 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="33851"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1940 "ref">[33851] Iª-IIae q. 8 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1941 dicendum quod philosophus loquitur de voluntate, secundum quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1942 proprie nominat simplicem actum voluntatis, non autem secundum quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1943 nominat potentiam.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1944 <p title="I-II q. 8 a. 2 ad 2"><a name="33852"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1945 "ref">[33852] Iª-IIae q. 8 a. 2 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1946 dicendum quod ad ea quae sunt diversa genere ex aequo se habentia,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1947 ordinantur diversae potentiae, sicut sonus et color sunt diversa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1948 genera sensibilium, ad quae ordinantur auditus et visus. Sed utile
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1949 et honestum non ex aequo se habent, sed sicut quod est secundum se
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1950 et secundum alterum. Huiusmodi autem semper referuntur ad eandem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1951 potentiam, sicut per potentiam visivam sentitur et color, et lux,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1952 per quam color videtur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1953 <p title="I-II q. 8 a. 2 ad 3"><a name="33853"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1954 "ref">[33853] Iª-IIae q. 8 a. 2 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1955 dicendum quod non quidquid diversificat habitum, diversificat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1956 potentiam, habitus enim sunt quaedam determinationes potentiarum ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1957 aliquos speciales actus. Et tamen quaelibet ars operativa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1958 considerat et finem et id quod est ad finem. Nam ars gubernativa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1959 considerat quidem finem, ut quem operatur, id autem quod est ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1960 finem, ut quod imperat. E contra vero navifactiva considerat id
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1961 quod est ad finem, ut quod operatur, id vero quod est finis, ut ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1962 quod ordinat id quod operatur. Et iterum in unaquaque arte
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1963 operativa est aliquis finis proprius, et aliquid quod est ad finem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1964 quod proprie ad illam artem pertinet.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1965 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1966 <div class="E">Articulus 3</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1967 <p title="I-II q. 8 a. 3 arg. 1"><a name="33854"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1968 "ref">[33854] Iª-IIae q. 8 a. 3 arg. 1</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1969 sic proceditur. Videtur quod eodem actu voluntas feratur in finem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1970 et in id quod est ad finem. Quia secundum philosophum, <i>ubi est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1971 unum propter alterum, ibi est unum tantum</i>. Sed voluntas non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1972 vult id quod est ad finem, nisi propter finem. Ergo eodem actu
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1973 movetur in utrumque.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1974 <p title="I-II q. 8 a. 3 arg. 2"><a name="33855"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1975 "ref">[33855] Iª-IIae q. 8 a. 3 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1976 finis est ratio volendi ea quae sunt ad finem, sicut lumen est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1977 ratio visionis colorum. Sed eodem actu videtur lumen et color. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1978 idem est motus voluntatis quo vult finem, et ea quae sunt ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1979 finem.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1980 <p title="I-II q. 8 a. 3 arg. 3"><a name="33856"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1981 "ref">[33856] Iª-IIae q. 8 a. 3 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1982 idem numero motus naturalis est qui per media tendit ad ultimum.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1983 Sed ea quae sunt ad finem, comparantur ad finem sicut media ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1984 ultimum. Ergo idem motus voluntatis est quo voluntas fertur in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1985 finem, et in ea quae sunt ad finem.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1986 <p title="I-II q. 8 a. 3 s. c."><a name="33857"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1987 "ref">[33857] Iª-IIae q. 8 a. 3 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1988 actus diversificantur secundum obiecta. Sed diversae species boni
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1989 sunt finis, et id quod est ad finem, quod dicitur utile. Ergo non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1990 eodem actu voluntas fertur in utrumque.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1991 <p title="I-II q. 8 a. 3 co."><a name="33858"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1992 "ref">[33858] Iª-IIae q. 8 a. 3 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1993 dicendum quod, cum finis sit secundum se volitus, id autem quod est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1994 ad finem, inquantum huiusmodi, non sit volitum nisi propter finem;
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1995 manifestum est quod voluntas potest ferri in finem sine hoc quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1996 feratur in ea quae sunt ad finem; sed in ea quae sunt ad finem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1997 inquantum huiusmodi, non potest ferri, nisi feratur in ipsum finem.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1998 Sic ergo voluntas in ipsum finem dupliciter fertur, uno modo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1999 absolute secundum se; alio modo, sicut in rationem volendi ea quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2000 sunt ad finem. Manifestum est ergo quod unus et idem motus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2001 voluntatis est quo fertur in finem, secundum quod est ratio volendi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2002 ea quae sunt ad finem, et in ipsa quae sunt ad finem. Sed alius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2003 actus est quod fertur in ipsum finem absolute. Et quandoque
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2004 praecedit tempore, sicut cum aliquis primo vult sanitatem, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2005 postea, deliberans quomodo possit sanari, vult conducere medicum ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2006 sanetur. Sicut etiam et circa intellectum accidit, nam primo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2007 aliquis intelligit ipsa principia secundum se; postmodum autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2008 intelligit ea in ipsis conclusionibus, secundum quod assentit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2009 conclusionibus propter principia.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2010 <p title="I-II q. 8 a. 3 ad 1"><a name="33859"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2011 "ref">[33859] Iª-IIae q. 8 a. 3 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2012 dicendum quod ratio illa procedit secundum quod voluntas fertur in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2013 finem, ut est ratio volendi ea quae sunt ad finem.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2014 <p title="I-II q. 8 a. 3 ad 2"><a name="33860"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2015 "ref">[33860] Iª-IIae q. 8 a. 3 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2016 dicendum quod quandocumque videtur color, eodem actu videtur lumen,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2017 potest tamen videri lumen sine hoc quod videatur color. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2018 similiter quandocumque quis vult ea quae sunt ad finem, vult eodem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2019 actu finem, non tamen e converso.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2020 <p title="I-II q. 8 a. 3 ad 3"><a name="33861"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2021 "ref">[33861] Iª-IIae q. 8 a. 3 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2022 dicendum quod in executione operis, ea quae sunt ad finem se habent
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2023 ut media, et finis ut terminus. Unde sicut motus naturalis interdum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2024 sistit in medio, et non pertingit ad terminum; ita quandoque
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2025 operatur aliquis id quod est ad finem, et tamen non consequitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2026 finem. Sed in volendo est e converso, nam voluntas per finem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2027 devenit ad volendum ea quae sunt ad finem; sicut et intellectus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2028 devenit in conclusiones per principia, quae media dicuntur. Unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2029 intellectus aliquando intelligit medium, et ex eo non procedit ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2030 conclusionem. Et similiter voluntas aliquando vult finem, et tamen
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2031 non procedit ad volendum id quod est ad finem.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2032 <p title="I-II q. 8 a. 3 ad 4"><a name="33862"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2033 "ref">[33862] Iª-IIae q. 8 a. 3 ad 4</span></a> Ad illud vero
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2034 quod in contrarium obiicitur, patet solutio per ea quae supra dicta
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2035 sunt. Nam utile et honestum non sunt species boni ex aequo divisae,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2036 sed se habent sicut propter se et propter alterum. Unde actus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2037 voluntatis in unum potest ferri sine hoc quod feratur in alterum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2038 sed non e converso.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2039 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2040 <div class="D">Quaestio 9</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2041 <div class="G">Prooemium</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2042 <p title="I-II q. 9 pr."><a name="33863"><span class="ref">[33863]
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2043 Iª-IIae q. 9 pr.</span></a> Deinde considerandum est de motivo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2044 voluntatis. Et circa hoc quaeruntur sex. Primo, utrum voluntas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2045 moveatur ab intellectu. Secundo, utrum moveatur ab appetitu
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2046 sensitivo. Tertio, utrum voluntas moveat seipsam. Quarto, utrum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2047 moveatur ab aliquo exteriori principio. Quinto, utrum moveatur a
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2048 corpore caelesti. Sexto, utrum voluntas moveatur a solo Deo, sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2049 ab exteriori principio.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2050 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2051 <div class="E">Articulus 1</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2052 <p title="I-II q. 9 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="33864"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2053 "ref">[33864] Iª-IIae q. 9 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2054 sic proceditur. Videtur quod voluntas non moveatur ab intellectu.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2055 Dicit enim Augustinus, super illud Psalmi, <i>concupivit anima mea
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2056 desiderare iustificationes tuas, praevolat intellectus, sequitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2057 tardus aut nullus affectus, scimus bonum, nec delectat agere</i>.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2058 Hoc autem non esset, si voluntas ab intellectu moveretur, quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2059 motus mobilis sequitur motionem moventis. Ergo intellectus non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2060 movet voluntatem.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2061 <p title="I-II q. 9 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="33865"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2062 "ref">[33865] Iª-IIae q. 9 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2063 intellectus se habet ad voluntatem ut demonstrans appetibile, sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2064 imaginatio demonstrat appetibile appetitui sensitivo. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2065 imaginatio demonstrans appetibile non movet appetitum sensitivum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2066 immo quandoque ita nos habemus ad ea quae imaginamur, sicut ad ea
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2067 quae in pictura nobis ostenduntur, ex quibus non movemur, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2068 dicitur in libro de anima. Ergo neque etiam intellectus movet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2069 voluntatem.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2070 <p title="I-II q. 9 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="33866"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2071 "ref">[33866] Iª-IIae q. 9 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2072 idem respectu eiusdem non est movens et motum. Sed voluntas movet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2073 intellectum, intelligimus enim quando volumus. Ergo intellectus non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2074 movet voluntatem.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2075 <p title="I-II q. 9 a. 1 s. c."><a name="33867"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2076 "ref">[33867] Iª-IIae q. 9 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2077 est quod philosophus dicit, in III de anima, quod <i>appetibile
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2078 intellectum est movens non motum, voluntas autem est movens
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2079 motum</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2080 <p title="I-II q. 9 a. 1 co."><a name="33868"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2081 "ref">[33868] Iª-IIae q. 9 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2082 dicendum quod intantum aliquid indiget moveri ab aliquo, inquantum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2083 est in potentia ad plura, oportet enim ut id quod est in potentia,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2084 reducatur in actum per aliquid quod est actu; et hoc est movere.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2085 Dupliciter autem aliqua vis animae invenitur esse in potentia ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2086 diversa, uno modo, quantum ad agere et non agere; alio modo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2087 quantum ad agere hoc vel illud. Sicut visus quandoque videt actu,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2088 et quandoque non videt; et quandoque videt album, et quandoque
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2089 videt nigrum. Indiget igitur movente quantum ad duo, scilicet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2090 quantum ad exercitium vel usum actus; et quantum ad determinationem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2091 actus. Quorum primum est ex parte subiecti, quod quandoque
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2092 invenitur agens, quandoque non agens, aliud autem est ex parte
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2093 obiecti, secundum quod specificatur actus. Motio autem ipsius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2094 subiecti est ex agente aliquo. Et cum omne agens agat propter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2095 finem, ut supra ostensum est, principium huius motionis est ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2096 fine. Et inde est quod ars ad quam pertinet finis, movet suo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2097 imperio artem ad quam pertinet id quod est ad finem, sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2098 gubernatoria ars imperat navifactivae, ut in II Physic. dicitur.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2099 Bonum autem in communi, quod habet rationem finis, est obiectum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2100 voluntatis. Et ideo ex hac parte voluntas movet alias potentias
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2101 animae ad suos actus, utimur enim aliis potentiis cum volumus. Nam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2102 fines et perfectiones omnium aliarum potentiarum comprehenduntur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2103 sub obiecto voluntatis, sicut quaedam particularia bona, semper
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2104 autem ars vel potentia ad quam pertinet finis universalis, movet ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2105 agendum artem vel potentiam ad quam pertinet finis particularis sub
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2106 illo universali comprehensus; sicut dux exercitus, qui intendit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2107 bonum commune, scilicet ordinem totius exercitus, movet suo imperio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2108 aliquem ex tribunis, qui intendit ordinem unius aciei. Sed obiectum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2109 movet, determinando actum, ad modum principii formalis, a quo in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2110 rebus naturalibus actio specificatur, sicut calefactio a calore.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2111 Primum autem principium formale est ens et verum universale, quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2112 est obiectum intellectus. Et ideo isto modo motionis intellectus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2113 movet voluntatem, sicut praesentans ei obiectum suum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2114 <p title="I-II q. 9 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="33869"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2115 "ref">[33869] Iª-IIae q. 9 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2116 dicendum quod ex illa auctoritate non habetur quod intellectus non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2117 moveat, sed quod non moveat ex necessitate.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2118 <p title="I-II q. 9 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="33870"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2119 "ref">[33870] Iª-IIae q. 9 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2120 dicendum quod, sicut imaginatio formae sine aestimatione
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2121 convenientis vel nocivi, non movet appetitum sensitivum; ita nec
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2122 apprehensio veri sine ratione boni et appetibilis. Unde intellectus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2123 speculativus non movet, sed intellectus practicus, ut dicitur in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2124 III de anima.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2125 <p title="I-II q. 9 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="33871"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2126 "ref">[33871] Iª-IIae q. 9 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2127 dicendum quod voluntas movet intellectum quantum ad exercitium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2128 actus, quia et ipsum verum, quod est perfectio intellectus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2129 continetur sub universali bono ut quoddam bonum particulare. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2130 quantum ad determinationem actus, quae est ex parte obiecti,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2131 intellectus movet voluntatem, quia et ipsum bonum apprehenditur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2132 secundum quandam specialem rationem comprehensam sub universali
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2133 ratione veri. Et sic patet quod non est idem movens et motum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2134 secundum idem.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2135 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2136 <div class="E">Articulus 2</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2137 <p title="I-II q. 9 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="33872"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2138 "ref">[33872] Iª-IIae q. 9 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2139 sic proceditur. Videtur quod voluntas ab appetitu sensitivo moveri
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2140 non possit. <i>Movens enim et agens est praestantius patiente</i>,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2141 ut Augustinus dicit, XII super Gen. ad Litt. Sed appetitus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2142 sensitivus est inferior voluntate, quae est appetitus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2143 intellectivus; sicut sensus est inferior intellectu. Ergo appetitus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2144 sensitivus non movet voluntatem.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2145 <p title="I-II q. 9 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="33873"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2146 "ref">[33873] Iª-IIae q. 9 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2147 nulla virtus particularis potest facere effectum universalem. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2148 appetitus sensitivus est virtus particularis, consequitur enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2149 particularem sensus apprehensionem. Ergo non potest causare motum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2150 voluntatis, qui est universalis, velut consequens apprehensionem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2151 universalem intellectus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2152 <p title="I-II q. 9 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="33874"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2153 "ref">[33874] Iª-IIae q. 9 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2154 ut probatur in VIII Physic., movens non movetur ab eo quod movet,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2155 ut sit motio reciproca. Sed voluntas movet appetitum sensitivum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2156 inquantum appetitus sensitivus obedit rationi. Ergo appetitus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2157 sensitivus non movet voluntatem.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2158 <p title="I-II q. 9 a. 2 s. c."><a name="33875"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2159 "ref">[33875] Iª-IIae q. 9 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2160 est quod dicitur Iac. I, <i>unusquisque tentatur a concupiscentia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2161 sua abstractus et illectus</i>. Non autem abstraheretur quis a
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2162 concupiscentia, nisi voluntas eius moveretur ab appetitu sensitivo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2163 in quo est concupiscentia. Ergo appetitus sensitivus movet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2164 voluntatem.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2165 <p title="I-II q. 9 a. 2 co."><a name="33876"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2166 "ref">[33876] Iª-IIae q. 9 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2167 dicendum quod, sicut supra dictum est, id quod apprehenditur sub
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2168 ratione boni et convenientis, movet voluntatem per modum obiecti.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2169 Quod autem aliquid videatur bonum et conveniens, ex duobus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2170 contingit, scilicet ex conditione eius quod proponitur, et eius cui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2171 proponitur. Conveniens enim secundum relationem dicitur, unde ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2172 utroque extremorum dependet. Et inde est quod gustus diversimode
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2173 dispositus, non eodem modo accipit aliquid ut conveniens et ut non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2174 conveniens. Unde, ut philosophus dicit in III Ethic., <i>qualis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2175 unusquisque est, talis finis videtur ei</i>. Manifestum est autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2176 quod secundum passionem appetitus sensitivi, immutatur homo ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2177 aliquam dispositionem. Unde secundum quod homo est in passione
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2178 aliqua, videtur sibi aliquid conveniens, quod non videtur extra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2179 passionem existenti, sicut irato videtur bonum, quod non videtur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2180 quieto. Et per hunc modum, ex parte obiecti, appetitus sensitivus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2181 movet voluntatem.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2182 <p title="I-II q. 9 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="33877"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2183 "ref">[33877] Iª-IIae q. 9 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2184 dicendum quod nihil prohibet id quod est simpliciter et secundum se
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2185 praestantius, quoad aliquid esse debilius. Voluntas igitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2186 simpliciter praestantior est quam appetitus sensitivus, sed quoad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2187 istum in quo passio dominatur, inquantum subiacet passioni,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2188 praeeminet appetitus sensitivus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2189 <p title="I-II q. 9 a. 2 ad 2"><a name="33878"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2190 "ref">[33878] Iª-IIae q. 9 a. 2 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2191 dicendum quod actus et electiones hominum sunt circa singularia.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2192 Unde ex hoc ipso quod appetitus sensitivus est virtus particularis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2193 habet magnam virtutem ad hoc quod per ipsum sic disponatur homo, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2194 ei aliquid videatur sic vel aliter, circa singularia.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2195 <p title="I-II q. 9 a. 2 ad 3"><a name="33879"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2196 "ref">[33879] Iª-IIae q. 9 a. 2 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2197 dicendum quod, sicut philosophus dicit in I Polit., ratio, in qua
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2198 est voluntas, movet suo imperio irascibilem et concupiscibilem, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2199 quidem despotico principatu, sicut movetur servus a domino; sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2200 principatu regali seu politico, sicut liberi homines reguntur a
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2201 gubernante, qui tamen possunt contra movere. Unde et irascibilis et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2202 concupiscibilis possunt in contrarium movere ad voluntatem. Et sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2203 nihil prohibet voluntatem aliquando ab eis moveri.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2204 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2205 <div class="E">Articulus 3</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2206 <p title="I-II q. 9 a. 3 arg. 1"><a name="33880"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2207 "ref">[33880] Iª-IIae q. 9 a. 3 arg. 1</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2208 sic proceditur. Videtur quod voluntas non moveat seipsam. Omne enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2209 movens, inquantum huiusmodi, est in actu, quod autem movetur, est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2210 in potentia, nam motus est actus existentis in potentia, inquantum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2211 huiusmodi. Sed non est idem in potentia et in actu respectu
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2212 eiusdem. Ergo nihil movet seipsum. Neque ergo voluntas seipsam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2213 movere potest.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2214 <p title="I-II q. 9 a. 3 arg. 2"><a name="33881"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2215 "ref">[33881] Iª-IIae q. 9 a. 3 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2216 mobile movetur ad praesentiam moventis. Sed voluntas semper sibi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2217 est praesens. Si ergo ipsa seipsam moveret, semper moveretur. Quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2218 patet esse falsum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2219 <p title="I-II q. 9 a. 3 arg. 3"><a name="33882"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2220 "ref">[33882] Iª-IIae q. 9 a. 3 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2221 voluntas movetur ab intellectu, ut dictum est. Si igitur voluntas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2222 movet seipsam, sequitur quod idem simul moveatur a duobus motoribus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2223 immediate, quod videtur inconveniens. Non ergo voluntas movet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2224 seipsam.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2225 <p title="I-II q. 9 a. 3 s. c."><a name="33883"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2226 "ref">[33883] Iª-IIae q. 9 a. 3 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2227 est quia voluntas domina est sui actus, et in ipsa est velle et non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2228 velle. Quod non esset, si non haberet in potestate movere seipsam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2229 ad volendum. Ergo ipsa movet seipsam.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2230 <p title="I-II q. 9 a. 3 co."><a name="33884"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2231 "ref">[33884] Iª-IIae q. 9 a. 3 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2232 dicendum quod, sicut supra dictum est, ad voluntatem pertinet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2233 movere alias potentias ex ratione finis, qui est voluntatis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2234 obiectum. Sed sicut dictum est, hoc modo se habet finis in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2235 appetibilibus, sicut principium in intelligibilibus. Manifestum est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2236 autem quod intellectus per hoc quod cognoscit principium, reducit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2237 seipsum de potentia in actum, quantum ad cognitionem conclusionum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2238 et hoc modo movet seipsum. Et similiter voluntas per hoc quod vult
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2239 finem, movet seipsam ad volendum ea quae sunt ad finem.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2240 <p title="I-II q. 9 a. 3 ad 1"><a name="33885"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2241 "ref">[33885] Iª-IIae q. 9 a. 3 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2242 dicendum quod voluntas non secundum idem movet et movetur. Unde nec
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2243 secundum idem est in actu et in potentia. Sed inquantum actu vult
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2244 finem, reducit se de potentia in actum respectu eorum quae sunt ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2245 finem, ut scilicet actu ea velit.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2246 <p title="I-II q. 9 a. 3 ad 2"><a name="33886"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2247 "ref">[33886] Iª-IIae q. 9 a. 3 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2248 dicendum quod potentia voluntatis semper actu est sibi praesens,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2249 sed actus voluntatis, quo vult finem aliquem, non semper est in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2250 ipsa voluntate. Per hunc autem movet seipsam. Unde non sequitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2251 quod semper seipsam moveat.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2252 <p title="I-II q. 9 a. 3 ad 3"><a name="33887"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2253 "ref">[33887] Iª-IIae q. 9 a. 3 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2254 dicendum quod non eodem modo voluntas movetur ab intellectu, et a
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2255 seipsa. Sed ab intellectu quidem movetur secundum rationem obiecti,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2256 a seipsa vero, quantum ad exercitium actus, secundum rationem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2257 finis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2258 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2259 <div class="E">Articulus 4</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2260 <p title="I-II q. 9 a. 4 arg. 1"><a name="33888"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2261 "ref">[33888] Iª-IIae q. 9 a. 4 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quartum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2262 sic proceditur. Videtur quod voluntas non moveatur ab aliquo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2263 exteriori. Motus enim voluntatis est voluntarius. Sed de ratione
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2264 voluntarii est quod sit a principio intrinseco, sicut et de ratione
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2265 naturalis. Non ergo motus voluntatis est ab aliquo extrinseco.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2266 <p title="I-II q. 9 a. 4 arg. 2"><a name="33889"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2267 "ref">[33889] Iª-IIae q. 9 a. 4 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2268 voluntas violentiam pati non potest, ut supra ostensum est. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2269 violentum est cuius principium est extra. Ergo voluntas non potest
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2270 ab aliquo exteriori moveri.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2271 <p title="I-II q. 9 a. 4 arg. 3"><a name="33890"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2272 "ref">[33890] Iª-IIae q. 9 a. 4 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2273 quod sufficienter movetur ab uno motore, non indiget moveri ab
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2274 alio. Sed voluntas sufficienter movet seipsam. Non ergo movetur ab
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2275 aliquo exteriori.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2276 <p title="I-II q. 9 a. 4 s. c."><a name="33891"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2277 "ref">[33891] Iª-IIae q. 9 a. 4 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2278 voluntas movetur ab obiecto, ut dictum est. Sed obiectum voluntatis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2279 potest esse aliqua exterior res sensui proposita. Ergo voluntas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2280 potest ab aliquo exteriori moveri.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2281 <p title="I-II q. 9 a. 4 co."><a name="33892"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2282 "ref">[33892] Iª-IIae q. 9 a. 4 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2283 dicendum quod, secundum quod voluntas movetur ab obiecto,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2284 manifestum est quod moveri potest ab aliquo exteriori. Sed eo modo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2285 quo movetur quantum ad exercitium actus, adhuc necesse est ponere
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2286 voluntatem ab aliquo principio exteriori moveri. Omne enim quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2287 quandoque est agens in actu et quandoque in potentia, indiget
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2288 moveri ab aliquo movente. Manifestum est autem quod voluntas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2289 incipit velle aliquid, cum hoc prius non vellet. Necesse est ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2290 quod ab aliquo moveatur ad volendum. Et quidem, sicut dictum est,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2291 ipsa movet seipsam, inquantum per hoc quod vult finem, reducit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2292 seipsam ad volendum ea quae sunt ad finem. Hoc autem non potest
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2293 facere nisi consilio mediante, cum enim aliquis vult sanari,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2294 incipit cogitare quomodo hoc consequi possit, et per talem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2295 cogitationem pervenit ad hoc quod potest sanari per medicum, et hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2296 vult. Sed quia non semper sanitatem actu voluit, necesse est quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2297 inciperet velle sanari, aliquo movente. Et si quidem ipsa moveret
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2298 seipsam ad volendum, oportuisset quod mediante consilio hoc ageret,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2299 ex aliqua voluntate praesupposita. Hoc autem non est procedere in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2300 infinitum. Unde necesse est ponere quod in primum motum voluntatis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2301 voluntas prodeat ex instinctu alicuius exterioris moventis, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2302 Aristoteles concludit in quodam capitulo Ethicae Eudemicae.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2303 <p title="I-II q. 9 a. 4 ad 1"><a name="33893"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2304 "ref">[33893] Iª-IIae q. 9 a. 4 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2305 dicendum quod de ratione voluntarii est quod principium eius sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2306 intra, sed non oportet quod hoc principium intrinsecum sit primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2307 principium non motum ab alio. Unde motus voluntarius etsi habeat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2308 principium proximum intrinsecum, tamen principium primum est ab
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2309 extra. Sicut et primum principium motus naturalis est ab extra,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2310 quod scilicet movet naturam.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2311 <p title="I-II q. 9 a. 4 ad 2"><a name="33894"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2312 "ref">[33894] Iª-IIae q. 9 a. 4 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2313 dicendum quod hoc non sufficit ad rationem violenti, quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2314 principium sit extra, sed oportet addere quod nil conferat vim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2315 patiens. Quod non contingit, dum voluntas ab exteriori movetur, nam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2316 ipsa est quae vult, ab alio tamen mota. Esset autem motus iste
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2317 violentus, si esset contrarius motui voluntatis. Quod in proposito
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2318 esse non potest, quia sic idem vellet et non vellet.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2319 <p title="I-II q. 9 a. 4 ad 3"><a name="33895"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2320 "ref">[33895] Iª-IIae q. 9 a. 4 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2321 dicendum quod voluntas quantum ad aliquid sufficienter se movet, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2322 in suo ordine, scilicet sicut agens proximum, sed non potest
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2323 seipsam movere quantum ad omnia, ut ostensum est. Unde indiget
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2324 moveri ab alio sicut a primo movente.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2325 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2326 <div class="E">Articulus 5</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2327 <p title="I-II q. 9 a. 5 arg. 1"><a name="33896"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2328 "ref">[33896] Iª-IIae q. 9 a. 5 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quintum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2329 sic proceditur. Videtur quod voluntas humana a corpore caelesti
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2330 moveatur. Omnes enim motus varii et multiformes reducuntur, sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2331 in causam, in motum uniformem, qui est motus caeli ut probatur VIII
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2332 Physic. Sed motus humani sunt varii et multiformes, incipientes
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2333 postquam prius non fuerant. Ergo reducuntur in motum caeli sicut in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2334 causam, qui est uniformis secundum naturam.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2335 <p title="I-II q. 9 a. 5 arg. 2"><a name="33897"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2336 "ref">[33897] Iª-IIae q. 9 a. 5 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2337 secundum Augustinum, in III de Trin., <i>corpora inferiora moventur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2338 per corpora superiora</i>. Sed motus humani corporis, qui causantur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2339 a voluntate, non possent reduci in motum caeli sicut in causam,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2340 nisi etiam voluntas a caelo moveretur. Ergo caelum movet voluntatem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2341 humanam.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2342 <p title="I-II q. 9 a. 5 arg. 3"><a name="33898"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2343 "ref">[33898] Iª-IIae q. 9 a. 5 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2344 per observationem caelestium corporum astrologi quaedam vera
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2345 praenuntiant de humanis actibus futuris, qui sunt a voluntate. Quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2346 non esset, si corpora caelestia voluntatem hominis movere non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2347 possent. Movetur ergo voluntas humana a caelesti corpore.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2348 <p title="I-II q. 9 a. 5 s. c."><a name="33899"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2349 "ref">[33899] Iª-IIae q. 9 a. 5 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2350 est quod Damascenus dicit, in II libro, quod <i>corpora caelestia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2351 non sunt causae nostrorum actuum</i>. Essent autem, si voluntas,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2352 quae est humanorum actuum principium, a corporibus caelestibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2353 moveretur. Non ergo movetur voluntas a corporibus caelestibus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2354 <p title="I-II q. 9 a. 5 co."><a name="33900"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2355 "ref">[33900] Iª-IIae q. 9 a. 5 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2356 dicendum quod eo modo quo voluntas movetur ab exteriori obiecto,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2357 manifestum est quod voluntas potest moveri a corporibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2358 caelestibus, inquantum scilicet corpora exteriora, quae sensui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2359 proposita movent voluntatem, et etiam ipsa organa potentiarum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2360 sensitivarum, subiacent motibus caelestium corporum. Sed eo modo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2361 quo voluntas movetur, quantum ad exercitium actus, ab aliquo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2362 exteriori agente, adhuc quidam posuerunt corpora caelestia directe
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2363 imprimere in voluntatem humanam. Sed hoc est impossibile. Voluntas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2364 enim, ut dicitur in III de anima, est in ratione. Ratio autem est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2365 potentia animae non alligata organo corporali. Unde relinquitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2366 quod voluntas sit potentia omnino immaterialis et incorporea.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2367 Manifestum est autem quod nullum corpus agere potest in rem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2368 incorpoream, sed potius e converso, eo quod res incorporeae et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2369 immateriales sunt formalioris et universalioris virtutis quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2370 quaecumque res corporales. Unde impossibile est quod corpus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2371 caeleste imprimat directe in intellectum aut voluntatem. Et propter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2372 hoc Aristoteles, in libro de anima, opinionem dicentium quod talis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2373 est voluntas in hominibus, <i>qualem in diem ducit pater deorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2374 virorumque</i> (scilicet Iupiter, per quem totum caelum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2375 intelligunt), attribuit eis qui ponebant intellectum non differre a
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2376 sensu. Omnes enim vires sensitivae, cum sint actus organorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2377 corporalium, per accidens moveri possunt a caelestibus corporibus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2378 motis scilicet corporibus quorum sunt actus. Sed quia dictum est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2379 quod appetitus intellectivus quodammodo movetur ab appetitu
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2380 sensitivo, indirecte redundat motus caelestium corporum in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2381 voluntatem, inquantum scilicet per passiones appetitus sensitivi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2382 voluntatem moveri contingit.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2383 <p title="I-II q. 9 a. 5 ad 1"><a name="33901"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2384 "ref">[33901] Iª-IIae q. 9 a. 5 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2385 dicendum quod multiformes motus voluntatis humanae reducuntur in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2386 aliquam causam uniformem, quae tamen est intellectu et voluntate
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2387 superior. Quod non potest dici de aliquo corpore, sed de aliqua
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2388 superiori substantia immateriali. Unde non oportet quod motus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2389 voluntatis in motum caeli reducatur sicut in causam.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2390 <p title="I-II q. 9 a. 5 ad 2"><a name="33902"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2391 "ref">[33902] Iª-IIae q. 9 a. 5 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2392 dicendum quod motus corporales humani reducuntur in motum caelestis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2393 corporis sicut in causam, inquantum ipsa dispositio organorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2394 congrua ad motum, est aliqualiter ex impressione caelestium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2395 corporum; et inquantum etiam appetitus sensitivus commovetur ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2396 impressione caelestium corporum; et ulterius inquantum corpora
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2397 exteriora moventur secundum motum caelestium corporum, ex quorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2398 occursu voluntas incipit aliquid velle vel non velle, sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2399 adveniente frigore incipit aliquis velle facere ignem. Sed ista
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2400 motio voluntatis est ex parte obiecti exterius praesentati, non ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2401 parte interioris instinctus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2402 <p title="I-II q. 9 a. 5 ad 3"><a name="33903"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2403 "ref">[33903] Iª-IIae q. 9 a. 5 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2404 dicendum quod, sicut dictum est, appetitus sensitivus est actus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2405 organi corporalis. Unde nihil prohibet ex impressione corporum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2406 caelestium aliquos esse habiles ad irascendum vel concupiscendum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2407 vel aliquam huiusmodi passionem, sicut et ex complexione naturali.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2408 Plures autem hominum sequuntur passiones, quibus soli sapientes
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2409 resistunt. Et ideo ut in pluribus verificantur ea quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2410 praenuntiantur de actibus hominum secundum considerationem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2411 caelestium corporum. Sed tamen, ut Ptolomaeus dicit in Centiloquio,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2412 <i>sapiens dominatur astris</i>, scilicet quia, resistens
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2413 passionibus, impedit per voluntatem liberam, et nequaquam motui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2414 caelesti subiectam, huiusmodi corporum caelestium effectus. Vel, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2415 Augustinus dicit II super Gen. ad Litt., <i>fatendum est, quando ab
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2416 astrologis vera dicuntur, instinctu quodam occultissimo dici, quem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2417 nescientes humanae mentes patiuntur. Quod cum ad decipiendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2418 homines fit, spirituum seductorum operatio est</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2419 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2420 <div class="E">Articulus 6</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2421 <p title="I-II q. 9 a. 6 arg. 1"><a name="33904"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2422 "ref">[33904] Iª-IIae q. 9 a. 6 arg. 1</span></a> Ad sextum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2423 sic proceditur. Videtur quod voluntas non a solo Deo moveatur sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2424 ab exteriori principio. Inferius enim natum est moveri a suo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2425 superiori, sicut corpora inferiora a corporibus caelestibus. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2426 voluntas hominis habet aliquid superius post Deum; scilicet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2427 Angelum. Ergo voluntas hominis potest moveri, sicut ab exteriori
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2428 principio, etiam ab Angelo.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2429 <p title="I-II q. 9 a. 6 arg. 2"><a name="33905"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2430 "ref">[33905] Iª-IIae q. 9 a. 6 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2431 actus voluntatis sequitur actum intellectus. Sed intellectus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2432 hominis reducitur in suum actum non solum a Deo, sed etiam ab
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2433 Angelo per illuminationes, ut Dionysius dicit. Ergo eadem ratione
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2434 et voluntas.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2435 <p title="I-II q. 9 a. 6 arg. 3"><a name="33906"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2436 "ref">[33906] Iª-IIae q. 9 a. 6 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2437 Deus non est causa nisi bonorum; secundum illud Gen. I, <i>vidit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2438 Deus cuncta quae fecerat, et erant valde bona</i>. Si ergo a solo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2439 Deo voluntas hominis moveretur, nunquam moveretur ad malum, cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2440 tamen voluntas sit qua peccatur et recte vivitur, ut Augustinus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2441 dicit.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2442 <p title="I-II q. 9 a. 6 s. c."><a name="33907"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2443 "ref">[33907] Iª-IIae q. 9 a. 6 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2444 est quod apostolus dicit, ad Philipp. II, <i>Deus est qui operatur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2445 in nobis velle et perficere</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2446 <p title="I-II q. 9 a. 6 co."><a name="33908"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2447 "ref">[33908] Iª-IIae q. 9 a. 6 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2448 dicendum quod motus voluntatis est ab intrinseco, sicut et motus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2449 naturalis. Quamvis autem rem naturalem possit aliquid movere quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2450 non est causa naturae rei motae, tamen motum naturalem causare non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2451 potest nisi quod est aliqualiter causa naturae. Movetur enim lapis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2452 sursum ab homine, qui naturam lapidis non causat, sed hic motus non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2453 est lapidi naturalis, naturalis autem motus eius non causatur nisi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2454 ab eo quod causat naturam. Unde dicitur in VIII Physic. quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2455 generans movet secundum locum gravia et levia. Sic ergo hominem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2456 voluntatem habentem, contingit moveri ab aliquo qui non est causa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2457 eius, sed quod motus voluntarius eius sit ab aliquo principio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2458 extrinseco quod non est causa voluntatis, est impossibile.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2459 Voluntatis autem causa nihil aliud esse potest quam Deus. Et hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2460 patet dupliciter. Primo quidem, ex hoc quod voluntas est potentia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2461 animae rationalis, quae a solo Deo causatur per creationem, ut in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2462 primo dictum est. Secundo vero ex hoc patet, quod voluntas habet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2463 ordinem ad universale bonum. Unde nihil aliud potest esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2464 voluntatis causa, nisi ipse Deus, qui est universale bonum. Omne
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2465 autem aliud bonum per participationem dicitur, et est quoddam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2466 particulare bonum, particularis autem causa non dat inclinationem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2467 universalem. Unde nec materia prima, quae est in potentia ad omnes
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2468 formas, potest causari ab aliquo particulari agente.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2469 <p title="I-II q. 9 a. 6 ad 1"><a name="33909"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2470 "ref">[33909] Iª-IIae q. 9 a. 6 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2471 dicendum quod Angelus non sic est supra hominem, quod sit causa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2472 voluntatis eius; sicut corpora caelestia sunt causa formarum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2473 naturalium, ad quas consequuntur naturales motus corporum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2474 naturalium.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2475 <p title="I-II q. 9 a. 6 ad 2"><a name="33910"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2476 "ref">[33910] Iª-IIae q. 9 a. 6 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2477 dicendum quod intellectus hominis movetur ab Angelo ex parte
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2478 obiecti, quod sibi proponitur virtute angelici luminis ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2479 cognoscendum. Et sic etiam voluntas ab exteriori creatura potest
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2480 moveri, ut dictum est.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2481 <p title="I-II q. 9 a. 6 ad 3"><a name="33911"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2482 "ref">[33911] Iª-IIae q. 9 a. 6 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2483 dicendum quod Deus movet voluntatem hominis, sicut universalis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2484 motor, ad universale obiectum voluntatis, quod est bonum. Et sine
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2485 hac universali motione homo non potest aliquid velle. Sed homo per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2486 rationem determinat se ad volendum hoc vel illud, quod est vere
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2487 bonum vel apparens bonum. Sed tamen interdum specialiter Deus movet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2488 aliquos ad aliquid determinate volendum, quod est bonum, sicut in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2489 his quos movet per gratiam, ut infra dicetur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2490 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2491 <div class="D">Quaestio 10</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2492 <div class="G">Prooemium</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2493 <p title="I-II q. 10 pr."><a name="33912"><span class="ref">[33912]
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2494 Iª-IIae q. 10 pr.</span></a> Deinde considerandum est de modo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2495 quo voluntas movetur. Et circa hoc quaeruntur quatuor. Primo, utrum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2496 voluntas ad aliquid naturaliter moveatur. Secundo, utrum de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2497 necessitate moveatur a suo obiecto. Tertio, utrum de necessitate
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2498 moveatur ab appetitu inferiori. Quarto, utrum de necessitate
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2499 moveatur ab exteriori motivo quod est Deus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2500 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2501 <div class="E">Articulus 1</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2502 <p title="I-II q. 10 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="33913"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2503 "ref">[33913] Iª-IIae q. 10 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2504 sic proceditur. Videtur quod voluntas non moveatur ad aliquid
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2505 naturaliter. Agens enim naturale dividitur contra agens
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2506 voluntarium, ut patet in principio II Physic. Non ergo voluntas ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2507 aliquid naturaliter movetur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2508 <p title="I-II q. 10 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="33914"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2509 "ref">[33914] Iª-IIae q. 10 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2510 id quod est naturale, inest alicui semper; sicut igni esse calidum.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2511 Sed nullus motus inest voluntati semper. Ergo nullus motus est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2512 naturalis voluntati.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2513 <p title="I-II q. 10 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="33915"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2514 "ref">[33915] Iª-IIae q. 10 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2515 natura est determinata ad unum. Sed voluntas se habet ad opposita.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2516 Ergo voluntas nihil naturaliter vult.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2517 <p title="I-II q. 10 a. 1 s. c."><a name="33916"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2518 "ref">[33916] Iª-IIae q. 10 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2519 est quod motus voluntatis sequitur actum intellectus. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2520 intellectus aliqua intelligit naturaliter. Ergo et voluntas aliqua
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2521 vult naturaliter.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2522 <p title="I-II q. 10 a. 1 co."><a name="33917"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2523 "ref">[33917] Iª-IIae q. 10 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2524 dicendum quod, sicut Boetius dicit in libro de duabus naturis, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2525 philosophus in V Metaphys., natura dicitur multipliciter. Quandoque
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2526 enim dicitur principium intrinsecum in rebus mobilibus. Et talis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2527 natura est vel materia, vel forma materialis, ut patet ex II
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2528 Physic. Alio modo dicitur natura quaelibet substantia, vel etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2529 quodlibet ens. Et secundum hoc, illud dicitur esse naturale rei,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2530 quod convenit ei secundum suam substantiam. Et hoc est quod per se
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2531 inest rei. In omnibus autem, ea quae non per se insunt, reducuntur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2532 in aliquid quod per se inest, sicut in principium. Et ideo necesse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2533 est quod, hoc modo accipiendo naturam, semper principium in his
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2534 quae conveniunt rei, sit naturale. Et hoc manifeste apparet in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2535 intellectu, nam principia intellectualis cognitionis sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2536 naturaliter nota. Similiter etiam principium motuum voluntariorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2537 oportet esse aliquid naturaliter volitum. Hoc autem est bonum in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2538 communi, in quod voluntas naturaliter tendit, sicut etiam quaelibet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2539 potentia in suum obiectum, et etiam ipse finis ultimus, qui hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2540 modo se habet in appetibilibus, sicut prima principia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2541 demonstrationum in intelligibilibus, et universaliter omnia illa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2542 quae conveniunt volenti secundum suam naturam. Non enim per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2543 voluntatem appetimus solum ea quae pertinent ad potentiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2544 voluntatis; sed etiam ea quae pertinent ad singulas potentias, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2545 ad totum hominem. Unde naturaliter homo vult non solum obiectum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2546 voluntatis, sed etiam alia quae conveniunt aliis potentiis, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2547 cognitionem veri, quae convenit intellectui; et esse et vivere et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2548 alia huiusmodi, quae respiciunt consistentiam naturalem; quae omnia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2549 comprehenduntur sub obiecto voluntatis, sicut quadam particularia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2550 bona.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2551 <p title="I-II q. 10 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="33918"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2552 "ref">[33918] Iª-IIae q. 10 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2553 ergo dicendum quod voluntas dividitur contra naturam, sicut una
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2554 causa contra aliam, quaedam enim fiunt naturaliter, et quaedam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2555 fiunt voluntarie. Est autem alius modus causandi proprius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2556 voluntati, quae est domina sui actus, praeter modum qui convenit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2557 naturae, quae est determinata ad unum. Sed quia voluntas in aliqua
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2558 natura fundatur, necesse est quod motus proprius naturae, quantum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2559 ad aliquid, participetur in voluntate, sicut quod est prioris
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2560 causae, participatur a posteriori. Est enim prius in unaquaque re
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2561 ipsum esse, quod est per naturam, quam velle, quod est per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2562 voluntatem. Et inde est quod voluntas naturaliter aliquid vult.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2563 <p title="I-II q. 10 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="33919"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2564 "ref">[33919] Iª-IIae q. 10 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2565 dicendum quod in rebus naturalibus id quod est naturale quasi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2566 consequens formam tantum, semper actu inest, sicut calidum igni.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2567 Quod autem est naturale sicut consequens materiam, non semper actu
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2568 inest, sed quandoque secundum potentiam tantum. Nam forma est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2569 actus, materia vero potentia. Motus autem est actus existentis in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2570 potentia. Et ideo illa quae pertinent ad motum, vel quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2571 consequuntur motum, in rebus naturalibus, non semper insunt, sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2572 ignis non semper movetur sursum, sed quando est extra locum suum.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2573 Et similiter non oportet quod voluntas, quae de potentia in actum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2574 reducitur dum aliquid vult, semper actu velit, sed solum quando est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2575 in aliqua dispositione determinata. Voluntas autem Dei, quae est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2576 actus purus, semper est in actu volendi.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2577 <p title="I-II q. 10 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="33920"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2578 "ref">[33920] Iª-IIae q. 10 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2579 dicendum quod naturae semper respondet unum, proportionatum tamen
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2580 naturae. Naturae enim in genere, respondet aliquid unum in genere;
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2581 et naturae in specie acceptae, respondet unum in specie; naturae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2582 autem individuatae respondet aliquid unum individuale. Cum igitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2583 voluntas sit quaedam vis immaterialis sicut et intellectus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2584 respondet sibi naturaliter aliquod unum commune, scilicet bonum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2585 sicut etiam intellectui aliquod unum commune, scilicet verum, vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2586 ens, vel quod quid est. Sub bono autem communi multa particularia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2587 bona continentur, ad quorum nullum voluntas determinatur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2588 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2589 <div class="E">Articulus 2</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2590 <p title="I-II q. 10 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="33921"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2591 "ref">[33921] Iª-IIae q. 10 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2592 sic proceditur. Videtur quod voluntas de necessitate moveatur a suo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2593 obiecto. Obiectum enim voluntatis comparatur ad ipsam sicut motivum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2594 ad mobile, ut patet in III de anima. Sed motivum, si sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2595 sufficiens, ex necessitate movet mobile. Ergo voluntas ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2596 necessitate potest moveri a suo obiecto.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2597 <p title="I-II q. 10 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="33922"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2598 "ref">[33922] Iª-IIae q. 10 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2599 sicut voluntas est vis immaterialis, ita et intellectus, et utraque
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2600 potentia ad obiectum universale ordinatur, ut dictum est. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2601 intellectus ex necessitate movetur a suo obiecto. Ergo et voluntas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2602 a suo.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2603 <p title="I-II q. 10 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="33923"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2604 "ref">[33923] Iª-IIae q. 10 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2605 omne quod quis vult, aut est finis, aut aliquid ordinatum ad finem.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2606 Sed finem aliquis ex necessitate vult, ut videtur, quia est sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2607 principium in speculativis, cui ex necessitate assentimus. Finis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2608 autem est ratio volendi ea quae sunt ad finem, et sic videtur quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2609 etiam ea quae sunt ad finem, ex necessitate velimus. Voluntas ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2610 ex necessitate movetur a suo obiecto.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2611 <p title="I-II q. 10 a. 2 s. c."><a name="33924"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2612 "ref">[33924] Iª-IIae q. 10 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2613 est quod potentiae rationales, secundum philosophum, sunt ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2614 opposita. Sed voluntas est potentia rationalis, est enim in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2615 ratione, ut dicitur in III de anima. Ergo voluntas se habet ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2616 opposita. Non ergo ex necessitate movetur ad alterum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2617 oppositorum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2618 <p title="I-II q. 10 a. 2 co."><a name="33925"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2619 "ref">[33925] Iª-IIae q. 10 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2620 dicendum quod voluntas movetur dupliciter, uno modo, quantum ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2621 exercitium actus; alio modo, quantum ad specificationem actus, quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2622 est ex obiecto. Primo ergo modo, voluntas a nullo obiecto ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2623 necessitate movetur, potest enim aliquis de quocumque obiecto non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2624 cogitare, et per consequens neque actu velle illud. Sed quantum ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2625 secundum motionis modum, voluntas ab aliquo obiecto ex necessitate
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2626 movetur, ab aliquo autem non. In motu enim cuiuslibet potentiae a
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2627 suo obiecto, consideranda est ratio per quam obiectum movet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2628 potentiam. Visibile enim movet visum sub ratione coloris actu
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2629 visibilis. Unde si color proponatur visui, ex necessitate movet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2630 visum, nisi aliquis visum avertat, quod pertinet ad exercitium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2631 actus. Si autem proponeretur aliquid visui quod non omnibus modis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2632 esset color in actu, sed secundum aliquid esset tale, secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2633 autem aliquid non tale, non ex necessitate visus tale obiectum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2634 videret, posset enim intendere in ipsum ex ea parte qua non est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2635 coloratum in actu, et sic ipsum non videret. Sicut autem coloratum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2636 in actu est obiectum visus, ita bonum est obiectum voluntatis. Unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2637 si proponatur aliquod obiectum voluntati quod sit universaliter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2638 bonum et secundum omnem considerationem, ex necessitate voluntas in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2639 illud tendet, si aliquid velit, non enim poterit velle oppositum.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2640 Si autem proponatur sibi aliquod obiectum quod non secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2641 quamlibet considerationem sit bonum, non ex necessitate voluntas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2642 feretur in illud. Et quia defectus cuiuscumque boni habet rationem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2643 non boni, ideo illud solum bonum quod est perfectum et cui nihil
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2644 deficit, est tale bonum quod voluntas non potest non velle, quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2645 est beatitudo. Alia autem quaelibet particularia bona, inquantum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2646 deficiunt ab aliquo bono, possunt accipi ut non bona, et secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2647 hanc considerationem, possunt repudiari vel approbari a voluntate,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2648 quae potest in idem ferri secundum diversas considerationes.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2649 <p title="I-II q. 10 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="33926"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2650 "ref">[33926] Iª-IIae q. 10 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2651 ergo dicendum quod sufficiens motivum alicuius potentiae non est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2652 nisi obiectum quod totaliter habet rationem motivi. Si autem in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2653 aliquo deficiat, non ex necessitate movebit, ut dictum est.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2654 <p title="I-II q. 10 a. 2 ad 2"><a name="33927"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2655 "ref">[33927] Iª-IIae q. 10 a. 2 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2656 dicendum quod intellectus ex necessitate movetur a tali obiecto
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2657 quod est semper et ex necessitate verum, non autem ab eo quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2658 potest esse verum et falsum, scilicet a contingenti, sicut et de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2659 bono dictum est.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2660 <p title="I-II q. 10 a. 2 ad 3"><a name="33928"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2661 "ref">[33928] Iª-IIae q. 10 a. 2 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2662 dicendum quod finis ultimus ex necessitate movet voluntatem, quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2663 est bonum perfectum. Et similiter illa quae ordinantur ad hunc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2664 finem, sine quibus finis haberi non potest, sicut esse et vivere et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2665 huiusmodi. Alia vero, sine quibus finis haberi potest, non ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2666 necessitate vult qui vult finem, sicut conclusiones sine quibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2667 principia possunt esse vera, non ex necessitate credit qui credit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2668 principia.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2669 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2670 <div class="E">Articulus 3</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2671 <p title="I-II q. 10 a. 3 arg. 1"><a name="33929"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2672 "ref">[33929] Iª-IIae q. 10 a. 3 arg. 1</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2673 sic proceditur. Videtur quod voluntas ex necessitate moveatur a
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2674 passione appetitus inferioris. Dicit enim apostolus, Rom. VII,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2675 <i>non enim quod volo bonum, hoc ago; sed quod odi malum, illud
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2676 facio</i>, quod dicitur propter concupiscentiam, quae est passio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2677 quaedam. Ergo voluntas ex necessitate movetur a passione.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2678 <p title="I-II q. 10 a. 3 arg. 2"><a name="33930"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2679 "ref">[33930] Iª-IIae q. 10 a. 3 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2680 sicut dicitur in III Ethic., <i>qualis unusquisque est, talis finis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2681 videtur ei</i>. Sed non est in potestate voluntatis quod statim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2682 passionem abiiciat. Ergo non est in potestate voluntatis quod non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2683 velit illud ad quod passio se inclinat.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2684 <p title="I-II q. 10 a. 3 arg. 3"><a name="33931"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2685 "ref">[33931] Iª-IIae q. 10 a. 3 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2686 causa universalis non applicatur ad effectum particularem nisi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2687 mediante causa particulari, unde et ratio universalis non movet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2688 nisi mediante aestimatione particulari, ut dicitur in III de anima.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2689 Sed sicut se habet ratio universalis ad aestimationem particularem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2690 ita se habet voluntas ad appetitum sensitivum. Ergo ad aliquod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2691 particulare volendum non movetur voluntas nisi mediante appetitu
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2692 sensitivo. Ergo si appetitus sensitivus sit per aliquam passionem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2693 ad aliquid dispositus, voluntas non poterit in contrarium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2694 moveri.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2695 <p title="I-II q. 10 a. 3 s. c."><a name="33932"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2696 "ref">[33932] Iª-IIae q. 10 a. 3 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2697 est quod dicitur Gen. IV, <i>subter te erit appetitus tuus, et tu
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2698 dominaberis illius</i>. Non ergo voluntas hominis ex necessitate
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2699 movetur ab appetitu inferiori.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2700 <p title="I-II q. 10 a. 3 co."><a name="33933"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2701 "ref">[33933] Iª-IIae q. 10 a. 3 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2702 dicendum quod, sicut supra dictum est, passio appetitus sensitivi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2703 movet voluntatem ex ea parte qua voluntas movetur ab obiecto,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2704 inquantum scilicet homo aliqualiter dispositus per passionem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2705 iudicat aliquid esse conveniens et bonum quod extra passionem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2706 existens non iudicaret. Huiusmodi autem immutatio hominis per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2707 passionem duobus modis contingit. Uno modo, sic quod totaliter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2708 ratio ligatur, ita quod homo usum rationis non habet, sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2709 contingit in his qui propter vehementem iram vel concupiscentiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2710 furiosi vel amentes fiunt, sicut et propter aliquam aliam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2711 perturbationem corporalem; huiusmodi enim passiones non sine
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2712 corporali transmutatione accidunt. Et de talibus eadem est ratio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2713 sicut et de animalibus brutis, quae ex necessitate sequuntur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2714 impetum passionis, in his enim non est aliquis rationis motus, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2715 per consequens nec voluntatis. Aliquando autem ratio non totaliter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2716 absorbetur a passione, sed remanet quantum ad aliquid iudicium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2717 rationis liberum. Et secundum hoc remanet aliquid de motu
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2718 voluntatis. Inquantum ergo ratio manet libera et passioni non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2719 subiecta, intantum voluntatis motus qui manet, non ex necessitate
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2720 tendit ad hoc ad quod passio inclinat. Et sic aut motus voluntatis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2721 non est in homine, sed sola passio dominatur, aut, si motus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2722 voluntatis sit, non ex necessitate sequitur passionem.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2723 <p title="I-II q. 10 a. 3 ad 1"><a name="33934"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2724 "ref">[33934] Iª-IIae q. 10 a. 3 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2725 ergo dicendum quod, etsi voluntas non possit facere quin motus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2726 concupiscentiae insurgat, de quo apostolus dicit Rom. VII, <i>quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2727 odi malum, illud facio</i>, idest concupisco; tamen potest voluntas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2728 non velle concupiscere, aut concupiscentiae non consentire. Et sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2729 non ex necessitate sequitur concupiscentiae motum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2730 <p title="I-II q. 10 a. 3 ad 2"><a name="33935"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2731 "ref">[33935] Iª-IIae q. 10 a. 3 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2732 dicendum quod, cum in homine duae sint naturae, intellectualis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2733 scilicet et sensitiva, quandoque quidem est homo aliqualis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2734 uniformiter secundum totam animam, quia scilicet vel pars sensitiva
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2735 totaliter subiicitur rationi, sicut contingit in virtuosis; vel e
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2736 converso ratio totaliter absorbetur a passione sicut accidit in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2737 amentibus. Sed aliquando, etsi ratio obnubiletur a passione,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2738 remanet tamen aliquid rationis liberum. Et secundum hoc potest
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2739 aliquis vel totaliter passionem repellere; vel saltem se tenere ne
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2740 passionem sequatur. In tali enim dispositione, quia homo secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2741 diversas partes animae diversimode disponitur, aliud ei videtur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2742 secundum rationem, et aliud secundum passionem.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2743 <p title="I-II q. 10 a. 3 ad 3"><a name="33936"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2744 "ref">[33936] Iª-IIae q. 10 a. 3 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2745 dicendum quod voluntas non solum movetur a bono universali
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2746 apprehenso per rationem, sed etiam a bono apprehenso per sensum. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2747 ideo potest moveri ad aliquod particulare bonum absque passione
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2748 appetitus sensitivi. Multa enim volumus et operamur absque
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2749 passione, per solam electionem, ut maxime patet in his in quibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2750 ratio renititur passioni.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2751 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2752 <div class="E">Articulus 4</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2753 <p title="I-II q. 10 a. 4 arg. 1"><a name="33937"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2754 "ref">[33937] Iª-IIae q. 10 a. 4 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quartum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2755 sic proceditur. Videtur quod voluntas ex necessitate moveatur a
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2756 Deo. Omne enim agens cui resisti non potest, ex necessitate movet.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2757 Sed Deo, cum sit infinitae virtutis, resisti non potest, unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2758 dicitur Rom. IX, <i>voluntati eius quis resistit?</i> Ergo Deus ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2759 necessitate movet voluntatem.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2760 <p title="I-II q. 10 a. 4 arg. 2"><a name="33938"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2761 "ref">[33938] Iª-IIae q. 10 a. 4 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2762 voluntas ex necessitate movetur in illa quae naturaliter vult, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2763 dictum est. <i>Sed hoc est unicuique rei naturale, quod Deus in ea
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2764 operatur</i>, ut Augustinus dicit, XXVI contra Faustum. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2765 voluntas ex necessitate vult omne illud ad quod a Deo movetur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2766 <p title="I-II q. 10 a. 4 arg. 3"><a name="33939"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2767 "ref">[33939] Iª-IIae q. 10 a. 4 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2768 possibile est quo posito non sequitur impossibile. Sequitur autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2769 impossibile, si ponatur quod voluntas non velit hoc ad quod Deus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2770 eam movet, quia secundum hoc, operatio Dei esset inefficax. Non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2771 ergo est possibile voluntatem non velle hoc ad quod Deus eam movet.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2772 Ergo necesse est eam hoc velle.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2773 <p title="I-II q. 10 a. 4 s. c."><a name="33940"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2774 "ref">[33940] Iª-IIae q. 10 a. 4 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2775 est quod dicitur Eccli. XV, <i>Deus ab initio constituit hominem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2776 et reliquit eum in manu consilii sui</i>. Non ergo ex necessitate
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2777 movet voluntatem eius.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2778 <p title="I-II q. 10 a. 4 co."><a name="33941"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2779 "ref">[33941] Iª-IIae q. 10 a. 4 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2780 dicendum quod, sicut Dionysius dicit, IV cap. de Div. Nom., <i>ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2781 providentiam divinam non pertinet naturam rerum corrumpere, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2782 servare</i>. Unde omnia movet secundum eorum conditionem, ita quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2783 ex causis necessariis per motionem divinam consequuntur effectus ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2784 necessitate; ex causis autem contingentibus sequuntur effectus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2785 contingenter. Quia igitur voluntas est activum principium non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2786 determinatum ad unum, sed indifferenter se habens ad multa, sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2787 Deus ipsam movet, quod non ex necessitate ad unum determinat, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2788 remanet motus eius contingens et non necessarius, nisi in his ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2789 quae naturaliter movetur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2790 <p title="I-II q. 10 a. 4 ad 1"><a name="33942"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2791 "ref">[33942] Iª-IIae q. 10 a. 4 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2792 ergo dicendum quod voluntas divina non solum se extendit ut aliquid
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2793 fiat per rem quam movet, sed ut etiam eo modo fiat quo congruit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2794 naturae ipsius. Et ideo magis repugnaret divinae motioni, si
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2795 voluntas ex necessitate moveretur, quod suae naturae non competit;
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2796 quam si moveretur libere, prout competit suae naturae.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2797 <p title="I-II q. 10 a. 4 ad 2"><a name="33943"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2798 "ref">[33943] Iª-IIae q. 10 a. 4 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2799 dicendum quod naturale est unicuique quod Deus operatur in ipso ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2800 sit ei naturale, sic enim unicuique convenit aliquid, secundum quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2801 Deus vult quod ei conveniat. Non autem vult quod quidquid operatur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2802 in rebus, sit eis naturale, puta quod mortui resurgant. Sed hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2803 vult unicuique esse naturale, quod potestati divinae subdatur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2804 <p title="I-II q. 10 a. 4 ad 3"><a name="33944"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2805 "ref">[33944] Iª-IIae q. 10 a. 4 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2806 dicendum quod, si Deus movet voluntatem ad aliquid, incompossibile
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2807 est huic positioni quod voluntas ad illud non moveatur. Non tamen
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2808 est impossibile simpliciter. Unde non sequitur quod voluntas a Deo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2809 ex necessitate moveatur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2810 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2811 <div class="D">Quaestio 11</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2812 <div class="G">Prooemium</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2813 <p title="I-II q. 11 pr."><a name="33945"><span class="ref">[33945]
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2814 Iª-IIae q. 11 pr.</span></a> Deinde considerandum est de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2815 fruitione. Et circa hoc quaeruntur quatuor. Primo, utrum frui sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2816 actus appetitivae potentiae. Secundo, utrum soli rationali
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2817 creaturae conveniat, an etiam animalibus brutis. Tertio, utrum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2818 fruitio sit tantum ultimi finis. Quarto, utrum sit solum finis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2819 habiti.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2820 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2821 <div class="E">Articulus 1</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2822 <p title="I-II q. 11 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="33946"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2823 "ref">[33946] Iª-IIae q. 11 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2824 sic proceditur. Videtur quod frui non sit solum appetitivae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2825 potentiae. Frui enim nihil aliud esse videtur quam fructum capere.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2826 Sed fructum humanae vitae, qui est beatitudo, capit intellectus, in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2827 cuius actu beatitudo consistit, ut supra ostensum est. Ergo frui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2828 non est appetitivae potentiae, sed intellectus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2829 <p title="I-II q. 11 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="33947"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2830 "ref">[33947] Iª-IIae q. 11 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2831 quaelibet potentia habet proprium finem, qui est eius perfectio,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2832 sicut visus finis est cognoscere visibile, auditus percipere sonos,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2833 et sic de aliis. Sed finis rei est fructus eius. Ergo frui est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2834 potentiae cuiuslibet, et non solum appetitivae.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2835 <p title="I-II q. 11 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="33948"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2836 "ref">[33948] Iª-IIae q. 11 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2837 fruitio delectationem quandam importat. Sed delectatio sensibilis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2838 pertinet ad sensum, qui delectatur in suo obiecto, et eadem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2839 ratione, delectatio intellectualis ad intellectum. Ergo fruitio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2840 pertinet ad apprehensivam potentiam, et non ad appetitivam.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2841 <p title="I-II q. 11 a. 1 s. c."><a name="33949"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2842 "ref">[33949] Iª-IIae q. 11 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2843 est quod Augustinus dicit, I de Doctr. Christ., et in X de Trin.,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2844 <i>frui est amore inhaerere alicui rei propter seipsam</i>. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2845 amor pertinet ad appetitivam potentiam. Ergo et frui est actus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2846 appetitivae potentiae.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2847 <p title="I-II q. 11 a. 1 co."><a name="33950"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2848 "ref">[33950] Iª-IIae q. 11 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2849 dicendum quod fruitio et fructus ad idem pertinere videntur, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2850 unum ex altero derivari. Quid autem a quo, nihil ad propositum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2851 refert; nisi quod hoc probabile videtur, quod id quod magis est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2852 manifestum, prius etiam fuerit nominatum. Sunt autem nobis primo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2853 manifesta quae sunt sensibilia magis. Unde a sensibilibus fructibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2854 nomen fruitionis derivatum videtur. Fructus autem sensibilis est id
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2855 quod ultimum ex arbore expectatur, et cum quadam suavitate
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2856 percipitur. Unde fruitio pertinere videtur ad amorem vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2857 delectationem quam aliquis habet de ultimo expectato, quod est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2858 finis. Finis autem et bonum est obiectum appetitivae potentiae.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2859 Unde manifestum est quod fruitio est actus appetitivae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2860 potentiae.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2861 <p title="I-II q. 11 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="33951"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2862 "ref">[33951] Iª-IIae q. 11 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2863 ergo dicendum quod nihil prohibet unum et idem, secundum diversas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2864 rationes, ad diversas potentias pertinere. Ipsa igitur visio Dei,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2865 inquantum est visio, est actus intellectus, inquantum autem est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2866 bonum et finis, est voluntatis obiectum. Et hoc modo est eius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2867 fruitio. Et sic hunc finem intellectus consequitur tanquam potentia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2868 agens, voluntas autem tanquam potentia movens ad finem, et fruens
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2869 fine iam adepto.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2870 <p title="I-II q. 11 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="33952"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2871 "ref">[33952] Iª-IIae q. 11 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2872 dicendum quod perfectio et finis cuiuslibet alterius potentiae,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2873 continetur sub obiecto appetitivae, sicut proprium sub communi, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2874 dictum est supra. Unde perfectio et finis cuiuslibet potentiae,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2875 inquantum est quoddam bonum, pertinet ad appetitivam. Propter quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2876 appetitiva potentia movet alias ad suos fines; et ipsa consequitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2877 finem, quando quaelibet aliarum pertingit ad finem.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2878 <p title="I-II q. 11 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="33953"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2879 "ref">[33953] Iª-IIae q. 11 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2880 dicendum quod in delectatione duo sunt, scilicet perceptio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2881 convenientis, quae pertinet ad apprehensivam potentiam; et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2882 complacentia eius quod offertur ut conveniens. Et hoc pertinet ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2883 appetitivam potentiam, in qua ratio delectationis completur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2884 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2885 <div class="E">Articulus 2</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2886 <p title="I-II q. 11 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="33954"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2887 "ref">[33954] Iª-IIae q. 11 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2888 sic proceditur. Videtur quod frui solummodo sit hominum. Dicit enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2889 Augustinus, in I de Doct. Christ., quod <i>nos homines sumus qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2890 fruimur et utimur</i>. Non ergo alia animalia frui possunt.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2891 <p title="I-II q. 11 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="33955"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2892 "ref">[33955] Iª-IIae q. 11 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2893 frui est ultimi finis. Sed ad ultimum finem non possunt pertingere
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2894 bruta animalia. Ergo eorum non est frui.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2895 <p title="I-II q. 11 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="33956"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2896 "ref">[33956] Iª-IIae q. 11 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2897 sicut appetitus sensitivus est sub intellectivo, ita appetitus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2898 naturalis est sub sensitivo. Si igitur frui pertinet ad appetitum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2899 sensitivum, videtur quod pari ratione possit ad naturalem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2900 pertinere. Quod patet esse falsum, quia eius non est delectari.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2901 Ergo appetitus sensitivi non est frui. Et ita non convenit brutis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2902 animalibus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2903 <p title="I-II q. 11 a. 2 s. c."><a name="33957"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2904 "ref">[33957] Iª-IIae q. 11 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2905 est quod Augustinus dicit, in libro octoginta trium quaest.,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2906 <i>frui quidem cibo et qualibet corporali voluptate, non absurde
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2907 existimantur et bestiae</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2908 <p title="I-II q. 11 a. 2 co."><a name="33958"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2909 "ref">[33958] Iª-IIae q. 11 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2910 dicendum quod, sicut ex praedictis habetur, frui non est actus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2911 potentiae pervenientis ad finem sicut exequentis, sed potentiae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2912 imperantis executionem, dictum est enim quod est appetitivae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2913 potentiae. In rebus autem cognitione carentibus invenitur quidem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2914 potentia pertingens ad finem per modum exequentis, sicut qua grave
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2915 tendit deorsum et leve sursum. Sed potentia ad quam pertineat finis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2916 per modum imperantis, non invenitur in eis; sed in aliqua superiori
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2917 natura, quae sic movet totam naturam per imperium, sicut in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2918 habentibus cognitionem appetitus movet alias potentias ad suos
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2919 actus. Unde manifestum est quod in his quae cognitione carent,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2920 quamvis pertingant ad finem, non invenitur fruitio finis; sed solum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2921 in his quae cognitionem habent. Sed cognitio finis est duplex,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2922 perfecta, et imperfecta. Perfecta quidem, qua non solum cognoscitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2923 id quod est finis et bonum, sed universalis ratio finis et boni, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2924 talis cognitio est solius rationalis naturae. Imperfecta autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2925 cognitio est qua cognoscitur particulariter finis et bonum, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2926 talis cognitio est in brutis animalibus. Quorum etiam virtutes
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2927 appetitivae non sunt imperantes libere; sed secundum naturalem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2928 instinctum ad ea quae apprehenduntur, moventur. Unde rationali
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2929 naturae convenit fruitio secundum rationem perfectam, brutis autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2930 animalibus secundum rationem imperfectam, aliis autem creaturis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2931 nullo modo.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2932 <p title="I-II q. 11 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="33959"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2933 "ref">[33959] Iª-IIae q. 11 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2934 ergo dicendum quod Augustinus loquitur de fruitione perfecta.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2935 <p title="I-II q. 11 a. 2 ad 2"><a name="33960"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2936 "ref">[33960] Iª-IIae q. 11 a. 2 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2937 dicendum quod non oportet quod fruitio sit ultimi finis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2938 simpliciter, sed eius quod habetur ab unoquoque pro ultimo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2939 fine.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2940 <p title="I-II q. 11 a. 2 ad 3"><a name="33961"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2941 "ref">[33961] Iª-IIae q. 11 a. 2 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2942 dicendum quod appetitus sensitivus consequitur aliquam cognitionem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2943 non autem appetitus naturalis, praecipue prout est in his quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2944 cognitione carent.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2945 <p title="I-II q. 11 a. 2 ad 4"><a name="33962"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2946 "ref">[33962] Iª-IIae q. 11 a. 2 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2947 dicendum, quod Augustinus ibi loquitur de fruitione imperfecta.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2948 Quod ex ipso modo loquendi apparet, dicit enim quod frui non adeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2949 absurde existimantur et bestiae, scilicet sicut uti absurdissime
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2950 dicerentur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2951 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2952 <div class="E">Articulus 3</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2953 <p title="I-II q. 11 a. 3 arg. 1"><a name="33963"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2954 "ref">[33963] Iª-IIae q. 11 a. 3 arg. 1</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2955 sic proceditur. Videtur quod fruitio non sit tantum ultimi finis.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2956 Dicit enim apostolus, ad Philem., <i>ita, frater, ego te fruar in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2957 domino</i>. Sed manifestum est quod Paulus non posuerat ultimum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2958 suum finem in homine. Ergo frui non tantum est ultimi finis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2959 <p title="I-II q. 11 a. 3 arg. 2"><a name="33964"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2960 "ref">[33964] Iª-IIae q. 11 a. 3 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2961 fructus est quo aliquis fruitur. Sed apostolus dicit, ad Galat. V,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2962 fructus spiritus est caritas, gaudium, pax, et cetera huiusmodi;
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2963 quae non habent rationem ultimi finis. Non ergo fruitio est tantum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2964 ultimi finis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2965 <p title="I-II q. 11 a. 3 arg. 3"><a name="33965"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2966 "ref">[33965] Iª-IIae q. 11 a. 3 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2967 actus voluntatis supra seipsos reflectuntur, volo enim me velle, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2968 amo me amare. Sed frui est actus voluntatis, voluntas enim est per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2969 quam fruimur, ut Augustinus dicit X de Trin. Ergo aliquis fruitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2970 sua fruitione. Sed fruitio non est ultimus finis hominis, sed solum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2971 bonum increatum, quod est Deus. Non ergo fruitio est solum ultimi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2972 finis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2973 <p title="I-II q. 11 a. 3 s. c."><a name="33966"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2974 "ref">[33966] Iª-IIae q. 11 a. 3 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2975 est quod Augustinus dicit, X de Trin., <i>non fruitur si quis id
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2976 quod in facultatem voluntatis assumit, propter aliud appetit</i>.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2977 Sed solum ultimus finis est qui non propter aliud appetitur. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2978 solius ultimi finis est fruitio.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2979 <p title="I-II q. 11 a. 3 co."><a name="33967"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2980 "ref">[33967] Iª-IIae q. 11 a. 3 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2981 dicendum quod, sicut dictum est, ad rationem fructus duo pertinent,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2982 scilicet quod sit ultimum; et quod appetitum quietet quadam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2983 dulcedine vel delectatione. Ultimum autem est simpliciter, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2984 secundum quid, simpliciter quidem, quod ad aliud non refertur; sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2985 secundum quid, quod est aliquorum ultimum. Quod ergo est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2986 simpliciter ultimum, in quo aliquid delectatur sicut in ultimo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2987 fine, hoc proprie dicitur fructus, et eo proprie dicitur aliquis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2988 frui. Quod autem in seipso non est delectabile, sed tantum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2989 appetitur in ordine ad aliud, sicut potio amara ad sanitatem; nullo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2990 modo fructus dici potest. Quod autem in se habet quandam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2991 delectationem, ad quam quaedam praecedentia referuntur, potest
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2992 quidem aliquo modo dici fructus, sed non proprie, et secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2993 completam rationem fructus, eo dicimur frui. Unde Augustinus, in X
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2994 de Trin., dicit quod <i>fruimur cognitis in quibus voluntas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2995 delectata conquiescit</i>. Non autem quiescit simpliciter nisi in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2996 ultimo, quia quandiu aliquid expectatur, motus voluntatis remanet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2997 in suspenso, licet iam ad aliquid pervenerit. Sicut in motu locali,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2998 licet illud quod est medium in magnitudine, sit principium et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2999 finis; non tamen accipitur ut finis in actu, nisi quando in eo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3000 quiescitur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3001 <p title="I-II q. 11 a. 3 ad 1"><a name="33968"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3002 "ref">[33968] Iª-IIae q. 11 a. 3 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3003 ergo dicendum quod, sicut Augustinus dicit in I de Doctr. Christ.,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3004 <i>si dixisset te fruar, et non addidisset in domino, videretur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3005 finem dilectionis in eo posuisse. Sed quia illud addidit, in domino
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3006 se posuisse finem, atque eo se frui significavit</i>. Ut sic fratre
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3007 se frui dixerit non tanquam termino, sed tanquam medio.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3008 <p title="I-II q. 11 a. 3 ad 2"><a name="33969"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3009 "ref">[33969] Iª-IIae q. 11 a. 3 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3010 dicendum quod fructus aliter comparatur ad arborem producentem, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3011 aliter ad hominem fruentem. Ad arborem quidem producentem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3012 comparatur ut effectus ad causam, ad fruentem autem, sicut ultimum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3013 expectatum et delectans. Dicuntur igitur ea quae enumerat ibi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3014 apostolus, fructus, quia sunt effectus quidam spiritus sancti in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3015 nobis, unde et fructus spiritus dicuntur, non autem ita quod eis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3016 fruamur tanquam ultimo fine. Vel aliter dicendum quod dicuntur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3017 fructus, secundum Ambrosium, quia propter se petenda sunt, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3018 quidem ita quod ad beatitudinem non referantur; sed quia in seipsis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3019 habent unde nobis placere debeant.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3020 <p title="I-II q. 11 a. 3 ad 3"><a name="33970"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3021 "ref">[33970] Iª-IIae q. 11 a. 3 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3022 dicendum quod, sicut supra dictum est finis dicitur dupliciter, uno
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3023 modo, ipsa res; alio modo, adeptio rei. Quae quidem non sunt duo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3024 fines, sed unus finis, in se consideratus, et alteri applicatus.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3025 Deus igitur est ultimus finis sicut res quae ultimo quaeritur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3026 fruitio autem sicut adeptio huius ultimi finis. Sicut igitur non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3027 est alius finis Deus, et fruitio Dei; ita eadem ratio fruitionis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3028 est qua fruimur Deo, et qua fruimur divina fruitione. Et eadem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3029 ratio est de beatitudine creata, quae in fruitione consistit.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3030 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3031 <div class="E">Articulus 4</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3032 <p title="I-II q. 11 a. 4 arg. 1"><a name="33971"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3033 "ref">[33971] Iª-IIae q. 11 a. 4 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quartum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3034 sic proceditur. Videtur quod fruitio non sit nisi finis habiti.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3035 Dicit enim Augustinus, X de Trin., quod <i>frui est cum gaudio uti,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3036 non adhuc spei, sed iam rei</i>. Sed quandiu non habetur, non est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3037 gaudium rei, sed spei. Ergo fruitio non est nisi finis habiti.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3038 <p title="I-II q. 11 a. 4 arg. 2"><a name="33972"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3039 "ref">[33972] Iª-IIae q. 11 a. 4 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3040 sicut dictum est, fruitio non est proprie nisi ultimi finis, quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3041 solus ultimus finis quietat appetitum. Sed appetitus non quietatur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3042 nisi in fine iam habito. Ergo fruitio, proprie loquendo, non est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3043 nisi finis habiti.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3044 <p title="I-II q. 11 a. 4 arg. 3"><a name="33973"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3045 "ref">[33973] Iª-IIae q. 11 a. 4 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3046 frui est capere fructum. Sed non capitur fructus, nisi quando iam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3047 finis habetur. Ergo fruitio non est nisi finis habiti.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3048 <p title="I-II q. 11 a. 4 s. c."><a name="33974"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3049 "ref">[33974] Iª-IIae q. 11 a. 4 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3050 <i>frui est amore inhaerere alicui rei propter seipsam</i>, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3051 Augustinus dicit. Sed hoc potest fieri etiam de re non habita. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3052 frui potest esse etiam finis non habiti.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3053 <p title="I-II q. 11 a. 4 co."><a name="33975"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3054 "ref">[33975] Iª-IIae q. 11 a. 4 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3055 dicendum quod frui importat comparationem quandam voluntatis ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3056 ultimum finem, secundum quod voluntas habet aliquid pro ultimo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3057 fine. Habetur autem finis dupliciter, uno modo, perfecte; et alio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3058 modo, imperfecte. Perfecte quidem, quando habetur non solum in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3059 intentione, sed etiam in re, imperfecte autem, quando habetur in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3060 intentione tantum. Est ergo perfecta fruitio finis iam habiti
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3061 realiter. Sed imperfecta est etiam finis non habiti realiter, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3062 in intentione tantum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3063 <p title="I-II q. 11 a. 4 ad 1"><a name="33976"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3064 "ref">[33976] Iª-IIae q. 11 a. 4 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3065 ergo dicendum quod Augustinus loquitur de fruitione perfecta.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3066 <p title="I-II q. 11 a. 4 ad 2"><a name="33977"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3067 "ref">[33977] Iª-IIae q. 11 a. 4 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3068 dicendum quod quies voluntatis dupliciter impeditur, uno modo, ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3069 parte obiecti, quia scilicet non est ultimus finis, sed ad aliud
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3070 ordinatur; alio modo, ex parte appetentis finem qui nondum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3071 adipiscitur finem. Obiectum autem est quod dat speciem actui, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3072 ab agente dependet modus agendi, ut sit perfectus vel imperfectus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3073 secundum conditionem agentis. Et ideo eius quod non est ultimus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3074 finis, fruitio est impropria, quasi deficiens a specie fruitionis.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3075 Finis autem ultimi non habiti, est fruitio propria quidem, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3076 imperfecta, propter imperfectum modum habendi ultimum finem.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3077 <p title="I-II q. 11 a. 4 ad 3"><a name="33978"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3078 "ref">[33978] Iª-IIae q. 11 a. 4 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3079 dicendum quod finem accipere vel habere dicitur aliquis, non solum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3080 secundum rem, sed etiam secundum intentionem, ut dictum est.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3081 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3082 <div class="D">Quaestio 12</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3083 <div class="G">Prooemium</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3084 <p title="I-II q. 12 pr."><a name="33979"><span class="ref">[33979]
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3085 Iª-IIae q. 12 pr.</span></a> Deinde considerandum est de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3086 intentione. Et circa hoc quaeruntur quinque. Primo, utrum intentio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3087 sit actus intellectus, vel voluntatis secundo, utrum sit tantum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3088 finis ultimi. Tertio, utrum aliquis possit simul duo intendere.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3089 Quarto, utrum intentio finis sit idem actus cum voluntate eius quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3090 est ad finem. Quinto, utrum intentio conveniat brutis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3091 animalibus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3092 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3093 <div class="E">Articulus 1</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3094 <p title="I-II q. 12 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="33980"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3095 "ref">[33980] Iª-IIae q. 12 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3096 sic proceditur. Videtur quod intentio sit actus intellectus, et non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3097 voluntatis. Dicitur enim Matth. VI, <i>si oculus tuus fuerit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3098 simplex, totum corpus tuum lucidum erit</i>, ubi per oculum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3099 significatur intentio, ut dicit Augustinus in libro de Serm. Dom.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3100 in Mont. Sed oculus, cum sit instrumentum visus, significat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3101 apprehensivam potentiam. Ergo intentio non est actus appetitivae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3102 potentiae, sed apprehensivae.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3103 <p title="I-II q. 12 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="33981"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3104 "ref">[33981] Iª-IIae q. 12 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3105 ibidem Augustinus dicit quod intentio lumen vocatur a domino, ubi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3106 dicit, si lumen quod in te est, tenebrae sunt, et cetera. Sed lumen
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3107 ad cognitionem pertinet. Ergo et intentio.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3108 <p title="I-II q. 12 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="33982"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3109 "ref">[33982] Iª-IIae q. 12 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3110 intentio designat ordinationem quandam in finem. Sed ordinare est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3111 rationis. Ergo intentio non pertinet ad voluntatem, sed ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3112 rationem.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3113 <p title="I-II q. 12 a. 1 arg. 4"><a name="33983"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3114 "ref">[33983] Iª-IIae q. 12 a. 1 arg. 4</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3115 actus voluntatis non est nisi vel finis, vel eorum quae sunt ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3116 finem. Sed actus voluntatis respectu finis, vocatur voluntas seu
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3117 fruitio, respectu autem eorum quae sunt ad finem, est electio, a
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3118 quibus differt intentio. Ergo intentio non est actus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3119 voluntatis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3120 <p title="I-II q. 12 a. 1 s. c."><a name="33984"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3121 "ref">[33984] Iª-IIae q. 12 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3122 est quod Augustinus dicit, in XI de Trin., quod <i>voluntatis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3123 intentio copulat corpus visum visui, et similiter speciem in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3124 memoria existentem ad aciem animi interius cogitantis</i>. Est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3125 igitur intentio actus voluntatis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3126 <p title="I-II q. 12 a. 1 co."><a name="33985"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3127 "ref">[33985] Iª-IIae q. 12 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3128 dicendum quod intentio, sicut ipsum nomen sonat, significat in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3129 aliquid tendere. In aliquid autem tendit et actio moventis, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3130 motus mobilis. Sed hoc quod motus mobilis in aliquid tendit, ab
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3131 actione moventis procedit. Unde intentio primo et principaliter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3132 pertinet ad id quod movet ad finem, unde dicimus architectorem, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3133 omnem praecipientem, movere suo imperio alios ad id quod ipse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3134 intendit. Voluntas autem movet omnes alias vires animae ad finem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3135 ut supra habitum est. Unde manifestum est quod intentio proprie est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3136 actus voluntatis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3137 <p title="I-II q. 12 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="33986"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3138 "ref">[33986] Iª-IIae q. 12 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3139 ergo dicendum quod intentio nominatur oculus metaphorice, non quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3140 ad cognitionem pertineat; sed quia cognitionem praesupponit, per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3141 quam proponitur voluntati finis ad quem movet; sicut oculo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3142 praevidemus quo tendere corporaliter debeamus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3143 <p title="I-II q. 12 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="33987"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3144 "ref">[33987] Iª-IIae q. 12 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3145 dicendum quod intentio dicitur lumen, quia manifesta est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3146 intendenti. Unde et opera dicuntur tenebrae, quia homo scit quid
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3147 intendit, sed nescit quid ex opere sequatur, sicut Augustinus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3148 ibidem exponit.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3149 <p title="I-II q. 12 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="33988"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3150 "ref">[33988] Iª-IIae q. 12 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3151 dicendum quod voluntas quidem non ordinat, sed tamen in aliquid
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3152 tendit secundum ordinem rationis. Unde hoc nomen intentio nominat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3153 actum voluntatis, praesupposita ordinatione rationis ordinantis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3154 aliquid in finem.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3155 <p title="I-II q. 12 a. 1 ad 4"><a name="33989"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3156 "ref">[33989] Iª-IIae q. 12 a. 1 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3157 dicendum quod intentio est actus voluntatis respectu finis. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3158 voluntas respicit finem tripliciter. Uno modo, absolute, et sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3159 dicitur voluntas, prout absolute volumus vel sanitatem, vel si quid
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3160 aliud est huiusmodi. Alio modo consideratur finis secundum quod in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3161 eo quiescitur, et hoc modo fruitio respicit finem. Tertio modo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3162 consideratur finis secundum quod est terminus alicuius quod in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3163 ipsum ordinatur, et sic intentio respicit finem. Non enim solum ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3164 hoc intendere dicimur sanitatem, quia volumus eam, sed quia volumus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3165 ad eam per aliquid aliud pervenire.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3166 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3167 <div class="E">Articulus 2</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3168 <p title="I-II q. 12 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="33990"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3169 "ref">[33990] Iª-IIae q. 12 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3170 sic proceditur. Videtur quod intentio sit tantum ultimi finis.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3171 Dicitur enim in libro sententiarum prosperi, <i>clamor ad Deum est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3172 intentio cordis</i>. Sed Deus est ultimus finis humani cordis. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3173 intentio semper respicit ultimum finem.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3174 <p title="I-II q. 12 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="33991"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3175 "ref">[33991] Iª-IIae q. 12 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3176 intentio respicit finem secundum quod est terminus, ut dictum est.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3177 Sed terminus habet rationem ultimi. Ergo intentio semper respicit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3178 ultimum finem.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3179 <p title="I-II q. 12 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="33992"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3180 "ref">[33992] Iª-IIae q. 12 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3181 sicut intentio respicit finem, ita et fruitio. Sed fruitio semper
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3182 est ultimi finis. Ergo et intentio.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3183 <p title="I-II q. 12 a. 2 s. c."><a name="33993"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3184 "ref">[33993] Iª-IIae q. 12 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3185 ultimus finis humanarum voluntatum est unus, scilicet beatitudo, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3186 supra dictum est. Si igitur intentio esset tantum ultimi finis, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3187 essent diversae hominum intentiones. Quod patet esse falsum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3188 <p title="I-II q. 12 a. 2 co."><a name="33994"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3189 "ref">[33994] Iª-IIae q. 12 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3190 dicendum quod, sicut dictum est, intentio respicit finem secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3191 quod est terminus motus voluntatis. In motu autem potest accipi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3192 terminus dupliciter, uno modo, ipse terminus ultimus, in quo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3193 quiescitur, qui est terminus totius motus; alio modo, aliquod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3194 medium, quod est principium unius partis motus, et finis vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3195 terminus alterius. Sicut in motu quo itur de a in c per b, c est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3196 terminus ultimus, b autem est terminus, sed non ultimus. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3197 utriusque potest esse intentio. Unde etsi semper sit finis, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3198 tamen oportet quod semper sit ultimi finis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3199 <p title="I-II q. 12 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="33995"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3200 "ref">[33995] Iª-IIae q. 12 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3201 ergo dicendum quod intentio cordis dicitur clamor ad Deum, non quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3202 Deus sit obiectum intentionis semper, sed quia est intentionis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3203 cognitor. Vel quia, cum oramus, intentionem nostram ad Deum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3204 dirigimus, quae quidem intentio vim clamoris habet.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3205 <p title="I-II q. 12 a. 2 ad 2"><a name="33996"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3206 "ref">[33996] Iª-IIae q. 12 a. 2 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3207 dicendum quod terminus habet rationem ultimi; sed non semper ultimi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3208 respectu totius, sed quandoque respectu alicuius partis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3209 <p title="I-II q. 12 a. 2 ad 3"><a name="33997"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3210 "ref">[33997] Iª-IIae q. 12 a. 2 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3211 dicendum quod fruitio importat quietem in fine, quod pertinet solum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3212 ad ultimum finem. Sed intentio importat motum in finem, non autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3213 quietem. Unde non est similis ratio.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3214 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3215 <div class="E">Articulus 3</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3216 <p title="I-II q. 12 a. 3 arg. 1"><a name="33998"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3217 "ref">[33998] Iª-IIae q. 12 a. 3 arg. 1</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3218 sic proceditur. Videtur quod non possit aliquis simul plura
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3219 intendere. Dicit enim Augustinus, in libro de Serm. Dom. in monte,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3220 quod non potest homo simul intendere Deum et commodum corporale.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3221 Ergo pari ratione, neque aliqua alia duo.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3222 <p title="I-II q. 12 a. 3 arg. 2"><a name="33999"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3223 "ref">[33999] Iª-IIae q. 12 a. 3 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3224 intentio nominat motum voluntatis ad terminum. Sed unius motus non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3225 possunt esse plures termini ex una parte. Ergo voluntas non potest
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3226 simul multa intendere.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3227 <p title="I-II q. 12 a. 3 arg. 3"><a name="34000"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3228 "ref">[34000] Iª-IIae q. 12 a. 3 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3229 intentio praesupponit actum rationis sive intellectus. Sed non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3230 contingit simul plura intelligere, secundum philosophum. Ergo etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3231 neque contingit simul plura intendere.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3232 <p title="I-II q. 12 a. 3 s. c."><a name="34001"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3233 "ref">[34001] Iª-IIae q. 12 a. 3 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3234 ars imitatur naturam. Sed natura ex uno instrumento intendit duas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3235 utilitates, <i>sicut lingua ordinatur et ad gustum et ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3236 locutionem</i>, ut dicitur in II de anima. Ergo, pari ratione ars
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3237 vel ratio potest simul aliquid unum ad duos fines ordinare. Et ita
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3238 potest aliquis simul plura intendere.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3239 <p title="I-II q. 12 a. 3 co."><a name="34002"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3240 "ref">[34002] Iª-IIae q. 12 a. 3 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3241 dicendum quod aliqua duo possunt accipi dupliciter, vel ordinata ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3242 invicem, vel ad invicem non ordinata. Et si quidem ad invicem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3243 fuerint ordinata, manifestum est ex praemissis quod homo potest
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3244 simul multa intendere. Est enim intentio non solum finis ultimi, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3245 dictum est, sed etiam finis medii. Simul autem intendit aliquis et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3246 finem proximum, et ultimum; sicut confectionem medicinae, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3247 sanitatem. Si autem accipiantur duo ad invicem non ordinata, sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3248 etiam simul homo potest plura intendere. Quod patet ex hoc, quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3249 homo unum alteri praeeligit, quia melius est altero, inter alias
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3250 autem conditiones quibus aliquid est melius altero, una est quod ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3251 plura valet, unde potest aliquid praeeligi alteri, ex hoc quod ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3252 plura valet. Et sic manifeste homo simul plura intendit.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3253 <p title="I-II q. 12 a. 3 ad 1"><a name="34003"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3254 "ref">[34003] Iª-IIae q. 12 a. 3 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3255 ergo dicendum quod Augustinus intelligit hominem non posse simul
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3256 Deum et commodum temporale intendere, sicut ultimos fines, quia, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3257 supra ostensum est, non possunt esse plures fines ultimi unius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3258 hominis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3259 <p title="I-II q. 12 a. 3 ad 2"><a name="34004"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3260 "ref">[34004] Iª-IIae q. 12 a. 3 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3261 dicendum quod unius motus possunt ex una parte esse plures termini,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3262 si unus ad alium ordinetur, sed duo termini ad invicem non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3263 ordinati, ex una parte, unius motus esse non possunt. Sed tamen
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3264 considerandum est quod id quod non est unum secundum rem, potest
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3265 accipi ut unum secundum rationem. Intentio autem est motus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3266 voluntatis in aliquid praeordinatum in ratione, sicut dictum est.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3267 Et ideo ea quae sunt plura secundum rem, possunt accipi ut unus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3268 terminus intentionis, prout sunt unum secundum rationem, vel quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3269 aliqua duo concurrunt ad integrandum aliquid unum, sicut ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3270 sanitatem concurrunt calor et frigus commensurata; vel quia aliqua
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3271 duo sub uno communi continentur, quod potest esse intentum. Puta
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3272 acquisitio vini et vestis continetur sub lucro, sicut sub quodam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3273 communi, unde nihil prohibet quin ille qui intendit lucrum, simul
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3274 haec duo intendat.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3275 <p title="I-II q. 12 a. 3 ad 3"><a name="34005"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3276 "ref">[34005] Iª-IIae q. 12 a. 3 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3277 dicendum quod, sicut in primo dictum est, contingit simul plura
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3278 intelligere, inquantum sunt aliquo modo unum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3279 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3280 <div class="E">Articulus 4</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3281 <p title="I-II q. 12 a. 4 arg. 1"><a name="34006"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3282 "ref">[34006] Iª-IIae q. 12 a. 4 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quartum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3283 sic proceditur. Videtur quod non sit unus et idem motus intentio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3284 finis, et voluntas eius quod est ad finem. Dicit enim Augustinus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3285 in XI de Trin., quod <i>voluntas videndi fenestram, finem habet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3286 fenestrae visionem; et altera est voluntas per fenestram videndi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3287 transeuntes</i>. Sed hoc pertinet ad intentionem, quod velim videre
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3288 transeuntes per fenestram, hoc autem ad voluntatem eius quod est ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3289 finem, quod velim videre fenestram. Ergo alius est motus voluntatis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3290 intentio finis, et alius voluntas eius quod est ad finem.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3291 <p title="I-II q. 12 a. 4 arg. 2"><a name="34007"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3292 "ref">[34007] Iª-IIae q. 12 a. 4 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3293 actus distinguuntur secundum obiecta. Sed finis, et id quod est ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3294 finem, sunt diversa obiecta. Ergo alius motus voluntatis est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3295 intentio finis, et voluntas eius quod est ad finem.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3296 <p title="I-II q. 12 a. 4 arg. 3"><a name="34008"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3297 "ref">[34008] Iª-IIae q. 12 a. 4 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3298 voluntas eius quod est ad finem, dicitur electio. Sed non est idem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3299 electio et intentio. Ergo non est idem motus intentio finis, cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3300 voluntate eius quod est ad finem.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3301 <p title="I-II q. 12 a. 4 s. c."><a name="34009"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3302 "ref">[34009] Iª-IIae q. 12 a. 4 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3303 id quod est ad finem, se habet ad finem ut medium ad terminum. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3304 idem motus est qui per medium transit ad terminum, in rebus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3305 naturalibus. Ergo et in rebus voluntariis idem motus est intentio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3306 finis, et voluntas eius quod est ad finem.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3307 <p title="I-II q. 12 a. 4 co."><a name="34010"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3308 "ref">[34010] Iª-IIae q. 12 a. 4 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3309 dicendum quod motus voluntatis in finem et in id quod est ad finem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3310 potest considerari dupliciter. Uno modo, secundum quod voluntas in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3311 utrumque fertur absolute et secundum se. Et sic sunt simpliciter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3312 duo motus voluntatis in utrumque. Alio modo potest considerari
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3313 secundum quod voluntas fertur in id quod est ad finem, propter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3314 finem. Et sic unus et idem subiecto motus voluntatis est tendens ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3315 finem, et in id quod est ad finem. Cum enim dico, volo medicinam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3316 propter sanitatem, non designo nisi unum motum voluntatis. Cuius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3317 ratio est quia finis ratio est volendi ea quae sunt ad finem. Idem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3318 autem actus cadit super obiectum, et super rationem obiecti, sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3319 eadem visio est coloris et luminis, ut supra dictum est. Et est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3320 simile de intellectu, quia si absolute principium et conclusionem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3321 consideret, diversa est consideratio utriusque; in hoc autem quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3322 conclusioni propter principia assentit, est unus actus intellectus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3323 tantum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3324 <p title="I-II q. 12 a. 4 ad 1"><a name="34011"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3325 "ref">[34011] Iª-IIae q. 12 a. 4 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3326 ergo dicendum quod Augustinus loquitur de visione fenestrae, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3327 visione transeuntium per fenestram, secundum quod voluntas in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3328 utrumque absolute fertur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3329 <p title="I-II q. 12 a. 4 ad 2"><a name="34012"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3330 "ref">[34012] Iª-IIae q. 12 a. 4 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3331 dicendum quod finis, inquantum est res quaedam, est aliud
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3332 voluntatis obiectum quam id quod est ad finem. Sed inquantum est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3333 ratio volendi id quod est ad finem, est unum et idem obiectum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3334 <p title="I-II q. 12 a. 4 ad 3"><a name="34013"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3335 "ref">[34013] Iª-IIae q. 12 a. 4 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3336 dicendum quod motus qui est unus subiecto, potest ratione differre
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3337 secundum principium et finem, ut ascensio et descensio, sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3338 dicitur in III Physic. Sic igitur inquantum motus voluntatis fertur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3339 in id quod est ad finem, prout ordinatur ad finem, est electio.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3340 Motus autem voluntatis qui fertur in finem, secundum quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3341 acquiritur per ea quae sunt ad finem, vocatur intentio. Cuius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3342 signum est quod intentio finis esse potest, etiam nondum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3343 determinatis his quae sunt ad finem, quorum est electio.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3344 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3345 <div class="E">Articulus 5</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3346 <p title="I-II q. 12 a. 5 arg. 1"><a name="34014"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3347 "ref">[34014] Iª-IIae q. 12 a. 5 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quintum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3348 sic proceditur. Videtur quod bruta animalia intendant finem. Natura
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3349 enim in his quae cognitione carent, magis distat a rationali
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3350 natura, quam natura sensitiva, quae est in animalibus brutis. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3351 natura intendit finem etiam in his quae cognitione carent, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3352 probatur in II Physic. Ergo multo magis bruta animalia intendunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3353 finem.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3354 <p title="I-II q. 12 a. 5 arg. 2"><a name="34015"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3355 "ref">[34015] Iª-IIae q. 12 a. 5 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3356 sicut intentio est finis, ita et fruitio. Sed fruitio convenit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3357 brutis animalibus, ut dictum est. Ergo et intentio.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3358 <p title="I-II q. 12 a. 5 arg. 3"><a name="34016"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3359 "ref">[34016] Iª-IIae q. 12 a. 5 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3360 eius est intendere finem, cuius est agere propter finem, cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3361 intendere nihil sit nisi in aliud tendere. Sed bruta animalia agunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3362 propter finem, movetur enim animal vel ad cibum quaerendum, vel ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3363 aliquid huiusmodi. Ergo bruta animalia intendunt finem.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3364 <p title="I-II q. 12 a. 5 s. c."><a name="34017"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3365 "ref">[34017] Iª-IIae q. 12 a. 5 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3366 intentio finis importat ordinationem alicuius in finem quod est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3367 rationis. Cum igitur bruta animalia non habeant rationem, videtur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3368 quod non intendant finem.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3369 <p title="I-II q. 12 a. 5 co."><a name="34018"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3370 "ref">[34018] Iª-IIae q. 12 a. 5 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3371 dicendum quod, sicut supra dictum est, intendere est in aliud
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3372 tendere; quod quidem est et moventis, et moti. Secundum quidem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3373 igitur quod dicitur intendere finem id quod movetur ad finem ab
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3374 alio, sic natura dicitur intendere finem, quasi mota ad suum finem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3375 a Deo, sicut sagitta a sagittante. Et hoc modo etiam bruta animalia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3376 intendunt finem, inquantum moventur instinctu naturali ad aliquid.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3377 Alio modo intendere finem est moventis, prout scilicet ordinat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3378 motum alicuius, vel sui vel alterius, in finem. Quod est rationis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3379 tantum. Unde per hunc modum bruta non intendunt finem, quod est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3380 proprie et principaliter intendere, ut dictum est.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3381 <p title="I-II q. 12 a. 5 ad 1"><a name="34019"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3382 "ref">[34019] Iª-IIae q. 12 a. 5 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3383 ergo dicendum quod ratio illa procedit secundum quod intendere est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3384 eius quod movetur ad finem.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3385 <p title="I-II q. 12 a. 5 ad 2"><a name="34020"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3386 "ref">[34020] Iª-IIae q. 12 a. 5 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3387 dicendum quod fruitio non importat ordinationem alicuius in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3388 aliquid, sicut intentio; sed absolutam quietem in fine.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3389 <p title="I-II q. 12 a. 5 ad 3"><a name="34021"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3390 "ref">[34021] Iª-IIae q. 12 a. 5 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3391 dicendum quod bruta animalia moventur ad finem, non quasi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3392 considerantia quod per motum suum possunt consequi finem, quod est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3393 proprie intendentis, sed concupiscentia finem naturali instinctu,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3394 moventur ad finem quasi ab alio mota, sicut et cetera quae moventur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3395 naturaliter.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3396 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3397 <div class="D">Quaestio 13</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3398 <div class="G">Prooemium</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3399 <p title="I-II q. 13 pr."><a name="34022"><span class="ref">[34022]
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3400 Iª-IIae q. 13 pr.</span></a> Consequenter considerandum est de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3401 actibus voluntatis qui sunt in comparatione ad ea quae sunt ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3402 finem. Et sunt tres, eligere, consentire, et uti. Electionem autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3403 praecedit consilium. Primo ergo considerandum est de electione;
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3404 secundo, de consilio; tertio, de consensu; quarto, de usu. Circa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3405 electionem quaeruntur sex. Primo, cuius potentiae sit actus, utrum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3406 voluntatis vel rationis. Secundo, utrum electio conveniat brutis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3407 animalibus. Tertio, utrum electio sit solum eorum quae sunt ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3408 finem, vel etiam quandoque finis. Quarto, utrum electio sit tantum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3409 eorum quae per nos aguntur. Quinto, utrum electio sit solum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3410 possibilium. Sexto, utrum homo ex necessitate eligat, vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3411 libere.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3412 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3413 <div class="E">Articulus 1</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3414 <p title="I-II q. 13 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="34023"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3415 "ref">[34023] Iª-IIae q. 13 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3416 sic proceditur. Videtur quod electio non sit actus voluntatis, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3417 rationis. Electio enim collationem quandam importat, qua unum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3418 alteri praefertur. Sed conferre est rationis. Ergo electio est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3419 rationis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3420 <p title="I-II q. 13 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="34024"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3421 "ref">[34024] Iª-IIae q. 13 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3422 eiusdem est syllogizare et concludere. Sed syllogizare in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3423 operabilibus est rationis. Cum igitur electio sit quasi conclusio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3424 in operabilibus, ut dicitur in VII Ethic., videtur quod sit actus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3425 rationis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3426 <p title="I-II q. 13 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="34025"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3427 "ref">[34025] Iª-IIae q. 13 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3428 ignorantia non pertinet ad voluntatem, sed ad vim cognitivam. Est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3429 autem quaedam ignorantia electionis, ut dicitur in III Ethic. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3430 videtur quod electio non pertineat ad voluntatem, sed ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3431 rationem.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3432 <p title="I-II q. 13 a. 1 s. c."><a name="34026"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3433 "ref">[34026] Iª-IIae q. 13 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3434 est quod philosophus dicit, in III Ethic., quod <i>electio est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3435 desiderium eorum quae sunt in nobis</i>. Desiderium autem est actus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3436 voluntatis. Ergo et electio.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3437 <p title="I-II q. 13 a. 1 co."><a name="34027"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3438 "ref">[34027] Iª-IIae q. 13 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3439 dicendum quod in nomine electionis importatur aliquid pertinens ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3440 rationem sive intellectum, et aliquid pertinens ad voluntatem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3441 dicit enim philosophus, in VI Ethic., quod <i>electio est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3442 appetitivus intellectus, vel appetitus intellectivus</i>.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3443 Quandocumque autem duo concurrunt ad aliquid unum constituendum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3444 unum eorum est ut formale respectu alterius. Unde Gregorius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3445 Nyssenus dicit quod <i>electio neque est appetitus secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3446 seipsam, neque consilium solum, sed ex his aliquid compositum.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3447 Sicut enim dicimus animal ex anima et corpore compositum esse,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3448 neque vero corpus esse secundum seipsum, neque animam solam, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3449 utrumque; ita et electionem</i>. Est autem considerandum in actibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3450 animae, quod actus qui est essentialiter unius potentiae vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3451 habitus, recipit formam et speciem a superiori potentia vel habitu,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3452 secundum quod ordinatur inferius a superiori, si enim aliquis actum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3453 fortitudinis exerceat propter Dei amorem, actus quidem ille
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3454 materialiter est fortitudinis, formaliter vero caritatis.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3455 Manifestum est autem quod ratio quodammodo voluntatem praecedit, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3456 ordinat actum eius, inquantum scilicet voluntas in suum obiectum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3457 tendit secundum ordinem rationis, eo quod vis apprehensiva
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3458 appetitivae suum obiectum repraesentat. Sic igitur ille actus quo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3459 voluntas tendit in aliquid quod proponitur ut bonum, ex eo quod per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3460 rationem est ordinatum ad finem, materialiter quidem est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3461 voluntatis, formaliter autem rationis. In huiusmodi autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3462 substantia actus materialiter se habet ad ordinem qui imponitur a
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3463 superiori potentia. Et ideo electio substantialiter non est actus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3464 rationis, sed voluntatis, perficitur enim electio in motu quodam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3465 animae ad bonum quod eligitur. Unde manifeste actus est appetitivae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3466 potentiae.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3467 <p title="I-II q. 13 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="34028"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3468 "ref">[34028] Iª-IIae q. 13 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3469 ergo dicendum quod electio importat collationem quandam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3470 praecedentem, non quod essentialiter sit ipsa collatio.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3471 <p title="I-II q. 13 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="34029"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3472 "ref">[34029] Iª-IIae q. 13 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3473 dicendum quod conclusio etiam syllogismi qui fit in operabilibus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3474 ad rationem pertinet; et dicitur sententia vel iudicium, quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3475 sequitur electio. Et ob hoc ipsa conclusio pertinere videtur ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3476 electionem, tanquam ad consequens.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3477 <p title="I-II q. 13 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="34030"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3478 "ref">[34030] Iª-IIae q. 13 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3479 dicendum quod ignorantia dicitur esse electionis, non quod ipsa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3480 electio sit scientia, sed quia ignoratur quid sit eligendum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3481 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3482 <div class="E">Articulus 2</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3483 <p title="I-II q. 13 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="34031"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3484 "ref">[34031] Iª-IIae q. 13 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3485 sic proceditur. Videtur quod electio brutis animalibus conveniat.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3486 Electio enim est appetitus aliquorum propter finem, ut dicitur in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3487 III Ethic. Sed bruta animalia appetunt aliquid propter finem, agunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3488 enim propter finem, et ex appetitu. Ergo in brutis animalibus est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3489 electio.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3490 <p title="I-II q. 13 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="34032"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3491 "ref">[34032] Iª-IIae q. 13 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3492 ipsum nomen electionis significare videtur quod aliquid prae aliis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3493 accipiatur. Sed bruta animalia accipiunt aliquid prae aliis, sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3494 manifeste apparet quod ovis unam herbam comedit, et aliam refutat.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3495 Ergo in brutis animalibus est electio.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3496 <p title="I-II q. 13 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="34033"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3497 "ref">[34033] Iª-IIae q. 13 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3498 ut dicitur in VI Ethic., <i>ad prudentiam pertinet quod aliquis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3499 bene eligat ea quae sunt ad finem</i>. Sed prudentia convenit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3500 brutis animalibus, unde dicitur in principio Metaphys., quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3501 <i>prudentia sunt sine disciplina quaecumque sonos audire non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3502 potentia sunt, ut apes</i>. Et hoc etiam sensui manifestum videtur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3503 apparent enim mirabiles sagacitates in operibus animalium, ut apum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3504 et aranearum et canum. Canis enim insequens cervum, si ad trivium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3505 venerit, odoratu quidem explorat an cervus per primam vel secundam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3506 viam transiverit, quod si invenerit non transisse, iam securus per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3507 tertiam viam incedit non explorando, quasi utens syllogismo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3508 divisivo, quo concludi posset cervum per illam viam incedere, ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3509 quo non incedit per alias duas, cum non sint plures. Ergo videtur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3510 quod electio brutis animalibus conveniat.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3511 <p title="I-II q. 13 a. 2 s. c."><a name="34034"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3512 "ref">[34034] Iª-IIae q. 13 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3513 est quod Gregorius Nyssenus dicit, quod <i>pueri et irrationalia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3514 voluntarie quidem faciunt, non tamen eligentia</i>. Ergo in brutis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3515 animalibus non est electio.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3516 <p title="I-II q. 13 a. 2 co."><a name="34035"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3517 "ref">[34035] Iª-IIae q. 13 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3518 dicendum quod, cum electio sit praeacceptio unius respectu
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3519 alterius, necesse est quod electio sit respectu plurium quae eligi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3520 possunt. Et ideo in his quae sunt penitus determinata ad unum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3521 electio locum non habet. Est autem differentia inter appetitum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3522 sensitivum et voluntatem, quia, ut ex praedictis patet, appetitus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3523 sensitivus est determinatus ad unum aliquid particulare secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3524 ordinem naturae; voluntas autem est quidem, secundum naturae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3525 ordinem, determinata ad unum commune, quod est bonum, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3526 indeterminate se habet respectu particularium bonorum. Et ideo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3527 proprie voluntatis est eligere, non autem appetitus sensitivi, qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3528 solus est in brutis animalibus. Et propter hoc brutis animalibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3529 electio non convenit.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3530 <p title="I-II q. 13 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="34036"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3531 "ref">[34036] Iª-IIae q. 13 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3532 ergo dicendum quod non omnis appetitus alicuius propter finem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3533 vocatur electio, sed cum quadam discretione unius ab altero. Quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3534 locum habere non potest, nisi ubi appetitus potest ferri ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3535 plura.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3536 <p title="I-II q. 13 a. 2 ad 2"><a name="34037"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3537 "ref">[34037] Iª-IIae q. 13 a. 2 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3538 dicendum quod brutum animal accipit unum prae alio, quia appetitus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3539 eius est naturaliter determinatus ad ipsum. Unde statim quando per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3540 sensum vel per imaginationem repraesentatur sibi aliquid ad quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3541 naturaliter inclinatur eius appetitus, absque electione in illud
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3542 solum movetur. Sicut etiam absque electione ignis movetur sursum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3543 et non deorsum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3544 <p title="I-II q. 13 a. 2 ad 3"><a name="34038"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3545 "ref">[34038] Iª-IIae q. 13 a. 2 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3546 dicendum quod, sicut dicitur in III Physic., <i>motus est actus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3547 mobilis a movente</i>. Et ideo virtus moventis apparet in motu
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3548 mobilis. Et propter hoc in omnibus quae moventur a ratione, apparet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3549 ordo rationis moventis, licet ipsa rationem non habeant, sic enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3550 sagitta directe tendit ad signum ex motione sagittantis, ac si ipsa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3551 rationem haberet dirigentem. Et idem apparet in motibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3552 horologiorum, et omnium ingeniorum humanorum, quae arte fiunt.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3553 Sicut autem comparantur artificialia ad artem humanam, ita
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3554 comparantur omnia naturalia ad artem divinam. Et ideo ordo apparet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3555 in his quae moventur secundum naturam, sicut et in his quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3556 moventur per rationem, ut dicitur in II Physic. Et ex hoc contingit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3557 quod in operibus brutorum animalium apparent quaedam sagacitates,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3558 inquantum habent inclinationem naturalem ad quosdam ordinatissimos
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3559 processus, utpote a summa arte ordinatos. Et propter hoc etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3560 quaedam animalia dicuntur prudentia vel sagacia, non quod in eis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3561 sit aliqua ratio vel electio. Quod ex hoc apparet, quod omnia quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3562 sunt unius naturae, similiter operantur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3563 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3564 <div class="E">Articulus 3</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3565 <p title="I-II q. 13 a. 3 arg. 1"><a name="34039"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3566 "ref">[34039] Iª-IIae q. 13 a. 3 arg. 1</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3567 sic proceditur. Videtur quod electio non sit tantum eorum quae sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3568 ad finem. Dicit enim philosophus, in VI Ethic., quod <i>electionem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3569 rectam facit virtus, quaecumque autem illius gratia nata sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3570 fieri, non sunt virtutis, sed alterius potentiae</i>. Illud autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3571 cuius gratia fit aliquid, est finis. Ergo electio est finis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3572 <p title="I-II q. 13 a. 3 arg. 2"><a name="34040"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3573 "ref">[34040] Iª-IIae q. 13 a. 3 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3574 electio importat praeacceptionem unius respectu alterius. Sed sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3575 eorum quae sunt ad finem unum potest praeaccipi alteri, ita etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3576 et diversorum finium. Ergo electio potest esse finis, sicut et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3577 eorum quae sunt ad finem.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3578 <p title="I-II q. 13 a. 3 s. c."><a name="34041"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3579 "ref">[34041] Iª-IIae q. 13 a. 3 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3580 est quod philosophus dicit, in III Ethic., quod <i>voluntas est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3581 finis, electio autem eorum quae sunt ad finem</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3582 <p title="I-II q. 13 a. 3 co."><a name="34042"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3583 "ref">[34042] Iª-IIae q. 13 a. 3 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3584 dicendum quod, sicut iam dictum est, electio consequitur sententiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3585 vel iudicium, quod est sicut conclusio syllogismi operativi. Unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3586 illud cadit sub electione, quod se habet ut conclusio in syllogismo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3587 operabilium. Finis autem in operabilibus se habet ut principium, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3588 non ut conclusio, ut philosophus dicit in II Physic. Unde finis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3589 inquantum est huiusmodi, non cadit sub electione. Sed sicut in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3590 speculativis nihil prohibet id quod est unius demonstrationis vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3591 scientiae principium, esse conclusionem alterius demonstrationis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3592 vel scientiae; primum tamen principium indemonstrabile non potest
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3593 esse conclusio alicuius demonstrationis vel scientiae; ita etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3594 contingit id quod est in una operatione ut finis, ordinari ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3595 aliquid ut ad finem. Et hoc modo sub electione cadit. Sicut in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3596 operatione medici, sanitas se habet ut finis, unde hoc non cadit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3597 sub electione medici, sed hoc supponit tanquam principium. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3598 sanitas corporis ordinatur ad bonum animae, unde apud eum qui habet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3599 curam de animae salute, potest sub electione cadere esse sanum vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3600 esse infirmum; nam apostolus dicit, II ad Cor. XII, <i>cum enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3601 infirmor, tunc potens sum</i>. Sed ultimus finis nullo modo sub
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3602 electione cadit.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3603 <p title="I-II q. 13 a. 3 ad 1"><a name="34043"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3604 "ref">[34043] Iª-IIae q. 13 a. 3 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3605 ergo dicendum quod fines proprii virtutum ordinantur ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3606 beatitudinem sicut ad ultimum finem. Et hoc modo potest esse eorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3607 electio.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3608 <p title="I-II q. 13 a. 3 ad 2"><a name="34044"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3609 "ref">[34044] Iª-IIae q. 13 a. 3 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3610 dicendum quod, sicut supra habitum est, ultimus finis est unus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3611 tantum. Unde ubicumque occurrunt plures fines, inter eos potest
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3612 esse electio, secundum quod ordinantur ad ulteriorem finem.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3613 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3614 <div class="E">Articulus 4</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3615 <p title="I-II q. 13 a. 4 arg. 1"><a name="34045"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3616 "ref">[34045] Iª-IIae q. 13 a. 4 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quartum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3617 sic proceditur. Videtur quod electio non sit solum respectu
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3618 humanorum actuum. Electio enim est eorum quae sunt ad finem. Sed ea
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3619 quae sunt ad finem non solum sunt actus, sed etiam organa, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3620 dicitur in II Physic. Ergo electiones non sunt tantum humanorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3621 actuum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3622 <p title="I-II q. 13 a. 4 arg. 2"><a name="34046"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3623 "ref">[34046] Iª-IIae q. 13 a. 4 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3624 actio a contemplatione distinguitur. Sed electio etiam in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3625 contemplatione locum habet; prout scilicet una opinio alteri
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3626 praeeligitur. Ergo electio non est solum humanorum actuum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3627 <p title="I-II q. 13 a. 4 arg. 3"><a name="34047"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3628 "ref">[34047] Iª-IIae q. 13 a. 4 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3629 eliguntur homines ad aliqua officia, vel saecularia vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3630 ecclesiastica, ab his qui nihil erga eos agunt. Ergo electio non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3631 solum est humanorum actuum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3632 <p title="I-II q. 13 a. 4 s. c."><a name="34048"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3633 "ref">[34048] Iª-IIae q. 13 a. 4 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3634 est quod philosophus dicit, in III Ethic., quod <i>nullus eligit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3635 nisi ea quae existimat fieri per ipsum</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3636 <p title="I-II q. 13 a. 4 co."><a name="34049"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3637 "ref">[34049] Iª-IIae q. 13 a. 4 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3638 dicendum quod, sicut intentio est finis, ita electio est eorum quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3639 sunt ad finem. Finis autem vel est actio, vel res aliqua. Et cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3640 res aliqua fuerit finis, necesse est quod aliqua humana actio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3641 interveniat, vel inquantum homo facit rem illam quae est finis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3642 sicut medicus facit sanitatem, quae est finis eius (unde et facere
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3643 sanitatem dicitur finis medici); vel inquantum homo aliquo modo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3644 utitur vel fruitur re quae est finis, sicut avaro est finis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3645 pecunia, vel possessio pecuniae. Et eodem modo dicendum est de eo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3646 quod est ad finem. Quia necesse est ut id quod est ad finem, vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3647 sit actio; vel res aliqua, interveniente aliqua actione, per quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3648 facit id quod est ad finem, vel utitur eo. Et per hunc modum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3649 electio semper est humanorum actuum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3650 <p title="I-II q. 13 a. 4 ad 1"><a name="34050"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3651 "ref">[34050] Iª-IIae q. 13 a. 4 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3652 ergo dicendum quod organa ordinantur ad finem, inquantum homo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3653 utitur eis propter finem.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3654 <p title="I-II q. 13 a. 4 ad 2"><a name="34051"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3655 "ref">[34051] Iª-IIae q. 13 a. 4 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3656 dicendum quod in ipsa contemplatione est aliquis actus intellectus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3657 assentientis huic opinioni vel illi. Actio vero exterior est quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3658 contra contemplationem dividitur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3659 <p title="I-II q. 13 a. 4 ad 3"><a name="34052"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3660 "ref">[34052] Iª-IIae q. 13 a. 4 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3661 dicendum quod homo qui eligit episcopum vel principem civitatis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3662 eligit nominare ipsum in talem dignitatem. Alioquin, si nulla esset
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3663 eius actio ad constitutionem episcopi vel principis, non competeret
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3664 ei electio. Et similiter dicendum est quod quandocumque dicitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3665 aliqua res praeeligi alteri, adiungitur ibi aliqua operatio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3666 eligentis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3667 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3668 <div class="E">Articulus 5</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3669 <p title="I-II q. 13 a. 5 arg. 1"><a name="34053"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3670 "ref">[34053] Iª-IIae q. 13 a. 5 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quintum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3671 sic proceditur. Videtur quod electio non sit solum possibilium.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3672 Electio enim est actus voluntatis, ut dictum est. Sed voluntas est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3673 impossibilium, ut dicitur in III Ethic. Ergo et electio.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3674 <p title="I-II q. 13 a. 5 arg. 2"><a name="34054"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3675 "ref">[34054] Iª-IIae q. 13 a. 5 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3676 electio est eorum quae per nos aguntur, sicut dictum est. Nihil
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3677 ergo refert, quantum ad electionem, utrum eligatur id quod est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3678 impossibile simpliciter, vel id quod est impossibile eligenti. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3679 frequenter ea quae eligimus, perficere non possumus, et sic sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3680 impossibilia nobis. Ergo electio est impossibilium.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3681 <p title="I-II q. 13 a. 5 arg. 3"><a name="34055"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3682 "ref">[34055] Iª-IIae q. 13 a. 5 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3683 nihil homo tentat agere nisi eligendo. Sed beatus Benedictus dicit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3684 quod, si praelatus aliquid impossibile praeceperit, tentandum est.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3685 Ergo electio potest esse impossibilium.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3686 <p title="I-II q. 13 a. 5 s. c."><a name="34056"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3687 "ref">[34056] Iª-IIae q. 13 a. 5 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3688 est quod philosophus dicit, in III Ethic., quod <i>electio non est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3689 impossibilium</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3690 <p title="I-II q. 13 a. 5 co."><a name="34057"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3691 "ref">[34057] Iª-IIae q. 13 a. 5 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3692 dicendum quod, sicut dictum est, electiones nostrae referuntur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3693 semper ad nostras actiones. Ea autem quae per nos aguntur, sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3694 nobis possibilia. Unde necesse est dicere quod electio non sit nisi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3695 possibilium. Similiter etiam ratio eligendi aliquid est ex hoc quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3696 ducit ad finem. Per id autem quod est impossibile, non potest
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3697 aliquis consequi finem. Cuius signum est quia, cum in consiliando
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3698 perveniunt homines ad id quod est eis impossibile, discedunt, quasi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3699 non valentes ulterius procedere. Apparet etiam hoc manifeste ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3700 processu rationis praecedente. Sic enim se habet id quod est ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3701 finem, de quo electio est, ad finem, sicut conclusio ad principium.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3702 Manifestum est autem quod conclusio impossibilis non sequitur ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3703 principio possibili. Unde non potest esse quod finis sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3704 possibilis, nisi id quod est ad finem fuerit possibile. Ad id autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3705 quod est impossibile, nullus movetur. Unde nullus tenderet in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3706 finem, nisi per hoc quod apparet id quod est ad finem esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3707 possibile. Unde id quod est impossibile sub electione non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3708 cadit.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3709 <p title="I-II q. 13 a. 5 ad 1"><a name="34058"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3710 "ref">[34058] Iª-IIae q. 13 a. 5 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3711 ergo dicendum quod voluntas media est inter intellectum et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3712 exteriorem operationem, nam intellectus proponit voluntati suum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3713 obiectum, et ipsa voluntas causat exteriorem actionem. Sic igitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3714 principium motus voluntatis consideratur ex parte intellectus, qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3715 apprehendit aliquid ut bonum in universali, sed terminatio, seu
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3716 perfectio actus voluntatis attenditur secundum ordinem ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3717 operationem, per quam aliquis tendit ad consecutionem rei; nam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3718 motus voluntatis est ab anima ad rem. Et ideo perfectio actus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3719 voluntatis attenditur secundum hoc quod est aliquid bonum alicui ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3720 agendum. Hoc autem est possibile. Et ideo voluntas completa non est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3721 nisi de possibili, quod est bonum volenti. Sed voluntas incompleta
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3722 est de impossibili, quae secundum quosdam velleitas dicitur, quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3723 scilicet aliquis vellet illud, si esset possibile. Electio autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3724 nominat actum voluntatis iam determinatum ad id quod est huic
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3725 agendum. Et ideo nullo modo est nisi possibilium.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3726 <p title="I-II q. 13 a. 5 ad 2"><a name="34059"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3727 "ref">[34059] Iª-IIae q. 13 a. 5 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3728 dicendum quod, cum obiectum voluntatis sit bonum apprehensum, hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3729 modo iudicandum est de obiecto voluntatis, secundum quod cadit sub
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3730 apprehensione. Et ideo sicut quandoque voluntas est alicuius quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3731 apprehenditur ut bonum, et tamen non est vere bonum; ita quandoque
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3732 est electio eius quod apprehenditur ut possibile eligenti, quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3733 tamen non est ei possibile.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3734 <p title="I-II q. 13 a. 5 ad 3"><a name="34060"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3735 "ref">[34060] Iª-IIae q. 13 a. 5 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3736 dicendum quod hoc ideo dicitur, quia an aliquid sit possibile,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3737 subditus non debet suo iudicio definire; sed in unoquoque, iudicio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3738 superioris stare.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3739 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3740 <div class="E">Articulus 6</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3741 <p title="I-II q. 13 a. 6 arg. 1"><a name="34061"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3742 "ref">[34061] Iª-IIae q. 13 a. 6 arg. 1</span></a> Ad sextum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3743 sic proceditur. Videtur quod homo ex necessitate eligat. Sic enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3744 se habet finis ad eligibilia, ut principia ad ea quae ex principiis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3745 consequuntur, ut patet in VII Ethic. Sed ex principiis ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3746 necessitate deducuntur conclusiones. Ergo ex fine de necessitate
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3747 movetur aliquis ad eligendum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3748 <p title="I-II q. 13 a. 6 arg. 2"><a name="34062"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3749 "ref">[34062] Iª-IIae q. 13 a. 6 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3750 sicut dictum est, electio consequitur iudicium rationis de agendis.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3751 Sed ratio ex necessitate iudicat de aliquibus, propter necessitatem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3752 praemissarum. Ergo videtur quod etiam electio ex necessitate
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3753 sequatur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3754 <p title="I-II q. 13 a. 6 arg. 3"><a name="34063"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3755 "ref">[34063] Iª-IIae q. 13 a. 6 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3756 si aliqua duo sunt penitus aequalia, non magis movetur homo ad unum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3757 quam ad aliud, sicut famelicus, si habet cibum aequaliter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3758 appetibilem in diversis partibus, et secundum aequalem distantiam,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3759 non magis movetur ad unum quam ad alterum, ut Plato dixit,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3760 assignans rationem quietis terrae in medio, sicut dicitur in II de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3761 caelo. Sed multo minus potest eligi quod accipitur ut minus, quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3762 quod accipitur ut aequale. Ergo si proponantur duo vel plura, inter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3763 quae unum maius appareat, impossibile est aliquod aliorum eligere.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3764 Ergo ex necessitate eligitur illud quod eminentius apparet. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3765 omnis electio est de omni eo quod videtur aliquo modo melius. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3766 omnis electio est ex necessitate.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3767 <p title="I-II q. 13 a. 6 s. c."><a name="34064"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3768 "ref">[34064] Iª-IIae q. 13 a. 6 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3769 est quod electio est actus potentiae rationalis; quae se habet ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3770 opposita, secundum philosophum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3771 <p title="I-II q. 13 a. 6 co."><a name="34065"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3772 "ref">[34065] Iª-IIae q. 13 a. 6 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3773 dicendum quod homo non ex necessitate eligit. Et hoc ideo, quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3774 quod possibile est non esse, non necesse est esse. Quod autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3775 possibile sit non eligere vel eligere, huius ratio ex duplici
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3776 hominis potestate accipi potest. Potest enim homo velle et non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3777 velle, agere et non agere, potest etiam velle hoc aut illud, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3778 agere hoc aut illud. Cuius ratio ex ipsa virtute rationis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3779 accipitur. Quidquid enim ratio potest apprehendere ut bonum, in hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3780 voluntas tendere potest. Potest autem ratio apprehendere ut bonum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3781 non solum hoc quod est velle aut agere; sed hoc etiam quod est non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3782 velle et non agere. Et rursum in omnibus particularibus bonis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3783 potest considerare rationem boni alicuius, et defectum alicuius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3784 boni, quod habet rationem mali, et secundum hoc, potest unumquodque
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3785 huiusmodi bonorum apprehendere ut eligibile, vel fugibile. Solum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3786 autem perfectum bonum, quod est beatitudo, non potest ratio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3787 apprehendere sub ratione mali, aut alicuius defectus. Et ideo ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3788 necessitate beatitudinem homo vult, nec potest velle non esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3789 beatus, aut miser. Electio autem, cum non sit de fine, sed de his
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3790 quae sunt ad finem, ut iam dictum est; non est perfecti boni, quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3791 est beatitudo, sed aliorum particularium bonorum. Et ideo homo non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3792 ex necessitate, sed libere eligit.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3793 <p title="I-II q. 13 a. 6 ad 1"><a name="34066"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3794 "ref">[34066] Iª-IIae q. 13 a. 6 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3795 ergo dicendum quod non semper ex principiis ex necessitate procedit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3796 conclusio, sed tunc solum quando principia non possunt esse vera si
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3797 conclusio non sit vera. Et similiter non oportet quod semper ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3798 fine insit homini necessitas ad eligendum ea quae sunt ad finem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3799 quia non omne quod est ad finem, tale est ut sine eo finis haberi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3800 non possit; aut, si tale sit, non semper sub tali ratione
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3801 consideratur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3802 <p title="I-II q. 13 a. 6 ad 2"><a name="34067"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3803 "ref">[34067] Iª-IIae q. 13 a. 6 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3804 dicendum quod sententia sive iudicium rationis de rebus agendis est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3805 circa contingentia, quae a nobis fieri possunt, in quibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3806 conclusiones non ex necessitate sequuntur ex principiis necessariis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3807 absoluta necessitate, sed necessariis solum ex conditione, ut, si
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3808 currit, movetur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3809 <p title="I-II q. 13 a. 6 ad 3"><a name="34068"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3810 "ref">[34068] Iª-IIae q. 13 a. 6 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3811 dicendum quod nihil prohibet, si aliqua duo aequalia proponantur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3812 secundum unam considerationem, quin circa alterum consideretur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3813 aliqua conditio per quam emineat, et magis flectatur voluntas in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3814 ipsum quam in aliud.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3815 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3816 <div class="D">Quaestio 14</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3817 <div class="G">Prooemium</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3818 <p title="I-II q. 14 pr."><a name="34069"><span class="ref">[34069]
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3819 Iª-IIae q. 14 pr.</span></a> Deinde considerandum est de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3820 consilio. Et circa hoc quaeruntur sex. Primo, utrum consilium sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3821 inquisitio. Secundo, utrum consilium sit de fine, vel solum de his
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3822 quae sunt ad finem. Tertio, utrum consilium sit solum de his quae a
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3823 nobis aguntur. Quarto, utrum consilium sit de omnibus quae a nobis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3824 aguntur. Quinto, utrum consilium procedat ordine resolutorio.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3825 Sexto, utrum consilium procedat in infinitum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3826 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3827 <div class="E">Articulus 1</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3828 <p title="I-II q. 14 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="34070"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3829 "ref">[34070] Iª-IIae q. 14 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3830 sic proceditur. Videtur quod consilium non sit inquisitio. Dicit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3831 enim Damascenus quod <i>consilium est appetitus</i>. Sed ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3832 appetitum non pertinet inquirere. Ergo consilium non est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3833 inquisitio.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3834 <p title="I-II q. 14 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="34071"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3835 "ref">[34071] Iª-IIae q. 14 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3836 inquirere intellectus discurrentis est; et sic Deo non convenit,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3837 cuius cognitio non est discursiva, ut in primo habitum est. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3838 consilium Deo attribuitur, dicitur enim ad Ephes. I, quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3839 <i>operatur omnia secundum consilium voluntatis suae</i>. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3840 consilium non est inquisitio.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3841 <p title="I-II q. 14 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="34072"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3842 "ref">[34072] Iª-IIae q. 14 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3843 inquisitio est de rebus dubiis. Sed consilium datur de his quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3844 sunt certa bona; secundum illud apostoli, I ad Cor. VII, <i>de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3845 virginibus autem praeceptum domini non habeo, consilium autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3846 do</i>. Ergo consilium non est inquisitio.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3847 <p title="I-II q. 14 a. 1 s. c."><a name="34073"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3848 "ref">[34073] Iª-IIae q. 14 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3849 est quod Gregorius Nyssenus dicit, <i>omne quidem consilium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3850 quaestio est; non autem omnis quaestio consilium</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3851 <p title="I-II q. 14 a. 1 co."><a name="34074"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3852 "ref">[34074] Iª-IIae q. 14 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3853 dicendum quod electio, sicut dictum est, consequitur iudicium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3854 rationis de rebus agendis. In rebus autem agendis multa incertitudo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3855 invenitur, quia actiones sunt circa singularia contingentia, quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3856 propter sui variabilitatem incerta sunt. In rebus autem dubiis et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3857 incertis ratio non profert iudicium absque inquisitione
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3858 praecedente. Et ideo necessaria est inquisitio rationis ante
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3859 iudicium de eligendis, et haec inquisitio consilium vocatur.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3860 Propter quod philosophus dicit, in III Ethic., quod <i>electio est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3861 appetitus praeconsiliati</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3862 <p title="I-II q. 14 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="34075"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3863 "ref">[34075] Iª-IIae q. 14 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3864 ergo dicendum quod, quando actus duarum potentiarum ad invicem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3865 ordinantur, in utroque est aliquid quod est alterius potentiae, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3866 ideo uterque actus ab utraque potentia denominari potest.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3867 Manifestum est autem quod actus rationis dirigentis in his quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3868 sunt ad finem, et actus voluntatis secundum regimen rationis in ea
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3869 tendentis, ad se invicem ordinantur. Unde et in actu voluntatis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3870 quae est electio, apparet aliquid rationis, scilicet ordo, et in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3871 consilio, quod est actus rationis, apparet aliquid voluntatis sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3872 materia, quia consilium est de his quae homo vult facere; et etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3873 sicut motivum, quia ex hoc quod homo vult finem, movetur ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3874 consiliandum de his quae sunt ad finem. Et ideo sicut philosophus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3875 dicit, in VI Ethic., quod electio est intellectus appetitivus, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3876 ad electionem utrumque concurrere ostendat; ita Damascenus dicit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3877 quod consilium est appetitus inquisitivus, ut consilium aliquo modo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3878 pertinere ostendat et ad voluntatem, circa quam et ex qua fit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3879 inquisitio, et ad rationem inquirentem.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3880 <p title="I-II q. 14 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="34076"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3881 "ref">[34076] Iª-IIae q. 14 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3882 dicendum quod ea quae dicuntur de Deo, accipienda sunt absque omni
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3883 defectu qui invenitur in nobis, sicut in nobis scientia est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3884 conclusionum per discursum a causis in effectus; sed scientia dicta
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3885 de Deo, significat certitudinem de omnibus effectibus in prima
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3886 causa, absque omni discursu. Et similiter consilium attribuitur Deo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3887 quantum ad certitudinem sententiae vel iudicii, quae in nobis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3888 provenit ex inquisitione consilii. Sed huiusmodi inquisitio in Deo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3889 locum non habet, et ideo consilium secundum hoc Deo non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3890 attribuitur. Et secundum hoc Damascenus dicit quod <i>Deus non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3891 consiliatur, ignorantis enim est consiliari</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3892 <p title="I-II q. 14 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="34077"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3893 "ref">[34077] Iª-IIae q. 14 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3894 dicendum quod nihil prohibet aliqua esse certissima bona secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3895 sententiam sapientum et spiritualium virorum, quae tamen non sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3896 certa bona secundum sententiam plurium, vel carnalium hominum. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3897 ideo de talibus consilia dantur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3898 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3899 <div class="E">Articulus 2</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3900 <p title="I-II q. 14 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="34078"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3901 "ref">[34078] Iª-IIae q. 14 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3902 sic proceditur. Videtur quod consilium non solum sit de his quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3903 sunt ad finem, sed etiam de fine. Quaecumque enim dubitationem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3904 habent, de his potest inquiri. Sed circa operabilia humana
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3905 contingit esse dubitationem de fine, et non solum de his quae sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3906 ad finem. Cum igitur inquisitio circa operabilia sit consilium,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3907 videtur quod consilium possit esse de fine.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3908 <p title="I-II q. 14 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="34079"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3909 "ref">[34079] Iª-IIae q. 14 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3910 materia consilii sunt operationes humanae. Sed quaedam operationes
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3911 humanae sunt fines, ut dicitur in I Ethic. ergo consilium potest
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3912 esse de fine.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3913 <p title="I-II q. 14 a. 2 s. c."><a name="34080"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3914 "ref">[34080] Iª-IIae q. 14 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3915 est quod Gregorius Nyssenus dicit, quod <i>non de fine, sed de his
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3916 quae sunt ad finem, est consilium</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3917 <p title="I-II q. 14 a. 2 co."><a name="34081"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3918 "ref">[34081] Iª-IIae q. 14 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3919 dicendum quod finis in operabilibus habet rationem principii, eo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3920 quod rationes eorum quae sunt ad finem, ex fine sumuntur.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3921 Principium autem non cadit sub quaestione, sed principia oportet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3922 supponere in omni inquisitione. Unde cum consilium sit quaestio, de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3923 fine non est consilium, sed solum de his quae sunt ad finem. Tamen
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3924 contingit id quod est finis respectu quorundam, ordinari ad alium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3925 finem, sicut etiam id quod est principium unius demonstrationis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3926 est conclusio alterius. Et ideo id quod accipitur ut finis in una
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3927 inquisitione, potest accipi ut ad finem in alia inquisitione. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3928 sic de eo erit consilium.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3929 <p title="I-II q. 14 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="34082"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3930 "ref">[34082] Iª-IIae q. 14 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3931 ergo dicendum quod id quod accipitur ut finis, est iam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3932 determinatum. Unde quandiu habetur ut dubium, non habetur ut finis.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3933 Et ideo si de eo consilium habetur, non erit consilium de fine, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3934 de eo quod est ad finem.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3935 <p title="I-II q. 14 a. 2 ad 2"><a name="34083"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3936 "ref">[34083] Iª-IIae q. 14 a. 2 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3937 dicendum quod de operationibus est consilium, inquantum ordinantur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3938 ad aliquem finem. Unde si aliqua operatio humana sit finis, de ea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3939 inquantum huiusmodi, non est consilium.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3940 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3941 <div class="E">Articulus 3</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3942 <p title="I-II q. 14 a. 3 arg. 1"><a name="34084"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3943 "ref">[34084] Iª-IIae q. 14 a. 3 arg. 1</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3944 sic proceditur. Videtur quod consilium non sit solum de his quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3945 aguntur a nobis. Consilium enim collationem quandam importat. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3946 collatio inter multos potest fieri etiam de rebus immobilibus, quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3947 non fiunt a nobis, puta de naturis rerum. Ergo consilium non solum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3948 est de his quae aguntur a nobis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3949 <p title="I-II q. 14 a. 3 arg. 2"><a name="34085"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3950 "ref">[34085] Iª-IIae q. 14 a. 3 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3951 homines interdum consilium quaerunt de his quae sunt lege statuta,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3952 unde et iurisconsulti dicuntur. Et tamen eorum qui quaerunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3953 huiusmodi consilium, non est leges facere. Ergo consilium non solum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3954 est de his quae a nobis aguntur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3955 <p title="I-II q. 14 a. 3 arg. 3"><a name="34086"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3956 "ref">[34086] Iª-IIae q. 14 a. 3 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3957 dicuntur etiam quidam consultationes facere de futuris eventibus;
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3958 qui tamen non sunt in potestate nostra. Ergo consilium non solum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3959 est de his quae a nobis fiunt.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3960 <p title="I-II q. 14 a. 3 arg. 4"><a name="34087"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3961 "ref">[34087] Iª-IIae q. 14 a. 3 arg. 4</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3962 si consilium esset solum de his quae a nobis fiunt, nullus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3963 consiliaretur de his quae sunt per alium agenda. Sed hoc patet esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3964 falsum. Ergo consilium non solum est de his quae a nobis fiunt.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3965 <p title="I-II q. 14 a. 3 s. c."><a name="34088"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3966 "ref">[34088] Iª-IIae q. 14 a. 3 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3967 est quod Gregorius Nyssenus dicit, <i>consiliamur de his quae sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3968 in nobis, et per nos fieri possunt</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3969 <p title="I-II q. 14 a. 3 co."><a name="34089"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3970 "ref">[34089] Iª-IIae q. 14 a. 3 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3971 dicendum quod consilium proprie importat collationem inter plures
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3972 habitam. Quod et ipsum nomen designat, dicitur enim consilium quasi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3973 Considium, eo quod multi consident ad simul conferendum. Est autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3974 considerandum quod in particularibus contingentibus, ad hoc quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3975 aliquid certum cognoscatur, plures conditiones seu circumstantias
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3976 considerare oportet, quas ab uno non facile est considerari, sed a
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3977 pluribus certius percipiuntur, dum quod unus considerat, alii non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3978 occurrit, in necessariis autem et universalibus est absolutior et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3979 simplicior consideratio, ita quod magis ad huiusmodi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3980 considerationem unus per se sufficere potest. Et ideo inquisitio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3981 consilii proprie pertinet ad contingentia singularia. Cognitio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3982 autem veritatis in talibus non habet aliquid magnum, ut per se sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3983 appetibilis, sicut cognitio universalium et necessariorum, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3984 appetitur secundum quod est utilis ad operationem, quia actiones
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3985 sunt circa contingentia singularia. Et ideo dicendum est quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3986 proprie consilium est circa ea quae aguntur a nobis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3987 <p title="I-II q. 14 a. 3 ad 1"><a name="34090"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3988 "ref">[34090] Iª-IIae q. 14 a. 3 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3989 ergo dicendum quod consilium importat collationem non quamcumque,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3990 sed collationem de rebus agendis, ratione iam dicta.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3991 <p title="I-II q. 14 a. 3 ad 2"><a name="34091"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3992 "ref">[34091] Iª-IIae q. 14 a. 3 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3993 dicendum quod id quod est lege positum, quamvis non sit ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3994 operatione quaerentis consilium, tamen est directivum eius ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3995 operandum, quia ista est una ratio aliquid operandi, mandatum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3996 legis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3997 <p title="I-II q. 14 a. 3 ad 3"><a name="34092"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3998 "ref">[34092] Iª-IIae q. 14 a. 3 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3999 dicendum quod consilium non solum est de his quae aguntur, sed de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4000 his quae ordinantur ad operationes. Et propter hoc consultatio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4001 dicitur fieri de futuris eventibus, inquantum homo per futuros
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4002 eventus cognitos dirigitur ad aliquid faciendum vel vitandum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4003 <p title="I-II q. 14 a. 3 ad 4"><a name="34093"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4004 "ref">[34093] Iª-IIae q. 14 a. 3 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4005 dicendum quod de aliorum factis consilium quaerimus, inquantum sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4006 quodammodo unum nobiscum, vel per unionem affectus, sicut amicus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4007 sollicitus est de his quae ad amicum spectant, sicut de suis; vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4008 per modum instrumenti, nam agens principale et instrumentale sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4009 quasi una causa, cum unum agat per alterum; et sic dominus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4010 consiliatur de his quae sunt agenda per servum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4011 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4012 <div class="E">Articulus 4</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4013 <p title="I-II q. 14 a. 4 arg. 1"><a name="34094"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4014 "ref">[34094] Iª-IIae q. 14 a. 4 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quartum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4015 sic proceditur. Videtur quod consilium sit de omnibus quae sunt per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4016 nos agenda. Electio enim est appetitus praeconsiliati, ut dictum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4017 est. Sed electio est de omnibus quae per nos aguntur. Ergo et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4018 consilium.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4019 <p title="I-II q. 14 a. 4 arg. 2"><a name="34095"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4020 "ref">[34095] Iª-IIae q. 14 a. 4 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4021 consilium importat inquisitionem rationis. Sed in omnibus quae non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4022 per impetum passionis agimus, procedimus ex inquisitione rationis.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4023 Ergo de omnibus quae aguntur a nobis, est consilium.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4024 <p title="I-II q. 14 a. 4 arg. 3"><a name="34096"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4025 "ref">[34096] Iª-IIae q. 14 a. 4 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4026 philosophus dicit, in III Ethic., quod <i>si per plura aliquid
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4027 fieri potest, consilio inquiritur per quod facillime et optime
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4028 fiat; si autem per unum, qualiter per illud fiat</i>. Sed omne quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4029 fit, fit per unum vel per multa. Ergo de omnibus quae fiunt a
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4030 nobis, est consilium.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4031 <p title="I-II q. 14 a. 4 s. c."><a name="34097"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4032 "ref">[34097] Iª-IIae q. 14 a. 4 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4033 est quod Gregorius Nyssenus dicit, quod <i>de his quae secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4034 disciplinam vel artem sunt operibus, non est consilium</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4035 <p title="I-II q. 14 a. 4 co."><a name="34098"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4036 "ref">[34098] Iª-IIae q. 14 a. 4 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4037 dicendum quod consilium est inquisitio quaedam, ut dictum est. De
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4038 illis autem inquirere solemus, quae in dubium veniunt, unde et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4039 ratio inquisitiva, quae dicitur argumentum, est rei dubiae faciens
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4040 fidem. Quod autem aliquid in operabilibus humanis non sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4041 dubitabile, ex duobus contingit. Uno modo, quia per determinatas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4042 vias proceditur ad determinatos fines, sicut contingit in artibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4043 quae habent certas vias operandi; sicut scriptor non consiliatur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4044 quomodo debeat trahere litteras, hoc enim determinatum est per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4045 artem. Alio modo, quia non multum refert utrum sic vel sic fiat, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4046 ista sunt minima, quae parum adiuvant vel impediunt respectu finis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4047 consequendi; quod autem parum est, quasi nihil accipit ratio. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4048 ideo de duobus non consiliamur, quamvis ordinentur ad finem, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4049 philosophus dicit, scilicet de rebus parvis; et de his quae sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4050 determinata qualiter fieri debent, sicut est in operibus artium,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4051 praeter quasdam coniecturales, ut Gregorius Nyssenus dicit, ut puta
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4052 medicinalis, negotiativa, et huiusmodi.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4053 <p title="I-II q. 14 a. 4 ad 1"><a name="34099"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4054 "ref">[34099] Iª-IIae q. 14 a. 4 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4055 ergo dicendum quod electio praesupponit consilium ratione iudicii
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4056 vel sententiae. Unde quando iudicium vel sententia manifesta est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4057 absque inquisitione, non requiritur consilii inquisitio.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4058 <p title="I-II q. 14 a. 4 ad 2"><a name="34100"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4059 "ref">[34100] Iª-IIae q. 14 a. 4 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4060 dicendum quod ratio in rebus manifestis non inquirit, sed statim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4061 iudicat. Et ideo non oportet in omnibus quae ratione aguntur, esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4062 inquisitionem consilii.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4063 <p title="I-II q. 14 a. 4 ad 3"><a name="34101"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4064 "ref">[34101] Iª-IIae q. 14 a. 4 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4065 dicendum quod quando aliquid per unum potest fieri, sed diversis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4066 modis, potest dubitationem habere, sicut et quando fit per plura,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4067 et ideo opus est consilio. Sed quando determinatur non solum res,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4068 sed modus, tunc non est opus consilio.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4069 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4070 <div class="E">Articulus 5</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4071 <p title="I-II q. 14 a. 5 arg. 1"><a name="34102"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4072 "ref">[34102] Iª-IIae q. 14 a. 5 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quintum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4073 sic proceditur. Videtur quod consilium non procedat modo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4074 resolutorio. Consilium enim est de his quae a nobis aguntur. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4075 operationes nostrae non procedunt modo resolutorio, sed magis modo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4076 compositivo, scilicet de simplicibus ad composita. Ergo consilium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4077 non semper procedit modo resolutorio.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4078 <p title="I-II q. 14 a. 5 arg. 2"><a name="34103"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4079 "ref">[34103] Iª-IIae q. 14 a. 5 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4080 consilium est inquisitio rationis. Sed ratio a prioribus incipit,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4081 et ad posteriora devenit, secundum convenientiorem ordinem cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4082 igitur praeterita sint priora praesentibus, et praesentia priora
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4083 futuris, in consiliando videtur esse procedendum a praesentibus et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4084 praeteritis in futura. Quod non pertinet ad ordinem resolutorium.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4085 Ergo in consiliis non servatur ordo resolutorius.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4086 <p title="I-II q. 14 a. 5 arg. 3"><a name="34104"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4087 "ref">[34104] Iª-IIae q. 14 a. 5 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4088 consilium non est nisi de his quae sunt nobis possibilia, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4089 dicitur in III Ethic. Sed an sit nobis aliquid possibile,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4090 perpenditur ex eo quod possumus facere, vel non possumus facere, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4091 perveniamus in illud. Ergo in inquisitione consilii a praesentibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4092 incipere oportet.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4093 <p title="I-II q. 14 a. 5 s. c."><a name="34105"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4094 "ref">[34105] Iª-IIae q. 14 a. 5 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4095 est quod philosophus dicit, in III Ethic., quod <i>ille qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4096 consiliatur, videtur quaerere et resolvere</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4097 <p title="I-II q. 14 a. 5 co."><a name="34106"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4098 "ref">[34106] Iª-IIae q. 14 a. 5 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4099 dicendum quod in omni inquisitione oportet incipere ab aliquo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4100 principio. Quod quidem si, sicut est prius in cognitione, ita etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4101 sit prius in esse, non est processus resolutorius, sed magis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4102 compositivus, procedere enim a causis in effectus, est processus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4103 compositivus, nam causae sunt simpliciores effectibus. Si autem id
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4104 quod est prius in cognitione, sit posterius in esse, est processus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4105 resolutorius, utpote cum de effectibus manifestis iudicamus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4106 resolvendo in causas simplices. Principium autem in inquisitione
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4107 consilii est finis, qui quidem est prior in intentione, posterior
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4108 tamen in esse. Et secundum hoc, oportet quod inquisitio consilii
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4109 sit resolutiva, incipiendo scilicet ab eo quod in futuro
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4110 intenditur, quousque perveniatur ad id quod statim agendum est.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4111 <p title="I-II q. 14 a. 5 ad 1"><a name="34107"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4112 "ref">[34107] Iª-IIae q. 14 a. 5 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4113 ergo dicendum quod consilium est quidem de operationibus. Sed ratio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4114 operationum accipitur ex fine, et ideo ordo ratiocinandi de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4115 operationibus, est contrarius ordini operandi.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4116 <p title="I-II q. 14 a. 5 ad 2"><a name="34108"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4117 "ref">[34108] Iª-IIae q. 14 a. 5 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4118 dicendum quod ratio incipit ab eo quod est prius secundum rationem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4119 non autem semper ab eo quod est prius tempore.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4120 <p title="I-II q. 14 a. 5 ad 3"><a name="34109"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4121 "ref">[34109] Iª-IIae q. 14 a. 5 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4122 dicendum quod de eo quod est agendum propter finem, non quaereremus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4123 scire an sit possibile, si non esset congruum fini. Et ideo prius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4124 oportet inquirere an conveniat ad ducendum in finem, quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4125 consideretur an sit possibile.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4126 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4127 <div class="E">Articulus 6</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4128 <p title="I-II q. 14 a. 6 arg. 1"><a name="34110"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4129 "ref">[34110] Iª-IIae q. 14 a. 6 arg. 1</span></a> Ad sextum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4130 sic proceditur. Videtur quod inquisitio consilii procedat in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4131 infinitum. Consilium enim est inquisitio de particularibus, in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4132 quibus est operatio. Sed singularia sunt infinita. Ergo inquisitio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4133 consilii est infinita.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4134 <p title="I-II q. 14 a. 6 arg. 2"><a name="34111"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4135 "ref">[34111] Iª-IIae q. 14 a. 6 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4136 sub inquisitione consilii cadit considerare non solum quid agendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4137 sit, sed etiam quomodo impedimenta tollantur. Sed quaelibet humana
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4138 actio potest impediri, et impedimentum tolli potest per aliquam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4139 rationem humanam. Ergo in infinitum remanet quaerere de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4140 impedimentis tollendis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4141 <p title="I-II q. 14 a. 6 arg. 3"><a name="34112"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4142 "ref">[34112] Iª-IIae q. 14 a. 6 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4143 inquisitio scientiae demonstrativae non procedit in infinitum, quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4144 est devenire in aliqua principia per se nota, quae omnimodam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4145 certitudinem habent. Sed talis certitudo non potest inveniri in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4146 singularibus contingentibus, quae sunt variabilia et incerta. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4147 inquisitio consilii procedit in infinitum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4148 <p title="I-II q. 14 a. 6 s. c."><a name="34113"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4149 "ref">[34113] Iª-IIae q. 14 a. 6 s. c.</span></a> <i>Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4150 contra, nullus movetur ad id ad quod impossibile est quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4151 perveniat</i>, ut dicitur in I de caelo. Sed infinitum impossibile
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4152 est transire. Si igitur inquisitio consilii sit infinita, nullus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4153 consiliari inciperet. Quod patet esse falsum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4154 <p title="I-II q. 14 a. 6 co."><a name="34114"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4155 "ref">[34114] Iª-IIae q. 14 a. 6 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4156 dicendum quod inquisitio consilii est finita in actu ex duplici
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4157 parte, scilicet ex parte principii, et ex parte termini. Accipitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4158 enim in inquisitione consilii duplex principium. Unum proprium, ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4159 ipso genere operabilium, et hoc est finis, de quo non est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4160 consilium, sed supponitur in consilio ut principium, ut dictum est.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4161 Aliud quasi ex alio genere assumptum sicut et in scientiis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4162 demonstrativis una scientia supponit aliqua ab alia, de quibus non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4163 inquirit. Huiusmodi autem principia quae in inquisitione consilii
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4164 supponuntur, sunt quaecumque sunt per sensum accepta, utpote quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4165 hoc sit panis vel ferrum; et quaecumque sunt per aliquam scientiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4166 speculativam vel practicam in universali cognita, sicut quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4167 moechari est a Deo prohibitum, et quod homo non potest vivere nisi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4168 nutriatur nutrimento convenienti. Et de istis non inquirit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4169 consiliator. Terminus autem inquisitionis est id quod statim est in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4170 potestate nostra ut faciamus. Sicut enim finis habet rationem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4171 principii, ita id quod agitur propter finem, habet rationem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4172 conclusionis. Unde id quod primo agendum occurrit, habet rationem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4173 ultimae conclusionis, ad quam inquisitio terminatur. Nihil autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4174 prohibet consilium potentia infinitum esse, secundum quod in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4175 infinitum possunt aliqua occurrere consilio inquirenda.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4176 <p title="I-II q. 14 a. 6 ad 1"><a name="34115"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4177 "ref">[34115] Iª-IIae q. 14 a. 6 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4178 ergo dicendum quod singularia non sunt infinita actu, sed in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4179 potentia tantum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4180 <p title="I-II q. 14 a. 6 ad 2"><a name="34116"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4181 "ref">[34116] Iª-IIae q. 14 a. 6 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4182 dicendum quod, licet humana actio possit impediri, non tamen semper
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4183 habet impedimentum paratum. Et ideo non semper oportet consiliari
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4184 de impedimento tollendo.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4185 <p title="I-II q. 14 a. 6 ad 3"><a name="34117"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4186 "ref">[34117] Iª-IIae q. 14 a. 6 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4187 dicendum quod in singularibus contingentibus potest aliquid accipi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4188 certum, etsi non simpliciter, tamen ut nunc, prout assumitur in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4189 operatione. Socratem enim sedere non est necessarium, sed eum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4190 sedere, dum sedet, est necessarium. Et hoc per certitudinem accipi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4191 potest.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4192 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4193 <div class="D">Quaestio 15</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4194 <div class="G">Prooemium</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4195 <p title="I-II q. 15 pr."><a name="34118"><span class="ref">[34118]
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4196 Iª-IIae q. 15 pr.</span></a> Deinde considerandum est de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4197 consensu. Et circa hoc quaeruntur quatuor. Primo, utrum consensus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4198 sit actus appetitivae, vel apprehensivae virtutis. Secundo, utrum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4199 conveniat brutis animalibus. Tertio, utrum sit de fine, vel de his
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4200 quae sunt ad finem. Quarto, utrum consensus in actum pertineat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4201 solum ad superiorem animae partem.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4202 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4203 <div class="E">Articulus 1</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4204 <p title="I-II q. 15 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="34119"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4205 "ref">[34119] Iª-IIae q. 15 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4206 sic proceditur. Videtur quod consentire pertineat solum ad partem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4207 animae apprehensivam. Augustinus enim, XII de Trin., consensum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4208 attribuit superiori rationi. Sed ratio nominat apprehensivam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4209 virtutem. Ergo consentire pertinet ad apprehensivam virtutem.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4210 <p title="I-II q. 15 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="34120"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4211 "ref">[34120] Iª-IIae q. 15 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4212 consentire est simul sentire. Sed sentire est apprehensivae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4213 potentiae. Ergo et consentire.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4214 <p title="I-II q. 15 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="34121"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4215 "ref">[34121] Iª-IIae q. 15 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4216 sicut assentire dicit applicationem intellectus ad aliquid, ita et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4217 consentire. Sed assentire pertinet ad intellectum, qui est vis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4218 apprehensiva. Ergo et consentire ad vim apprehensivam pertinet.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4219 <p title="I-II q. 15 a. 1 s. c."><a name="34122"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4220 "ref">[34122] Iª-IIae q. 15 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4221 est quod Damascenus dicit, in II libro, quod <i>si aliquis iudicet,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4222 et non diligat, non est sententia</i>, idest consensus. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4223 diligere ad appetitivam virtutem pertinet. Ergo et consensus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4224 <p title="I-II q. 15 a. 1 co."><a name="34123"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4225 "ref">[34123] Iª-IIae q. 15 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4226 dicendum quod consentire importat applicationem sensus ad aliquid.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4227 Est autem proprium sensus quod cognoscitivus est rerum praesentium,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4228 vis enim imaginativa est apprehensiva similitudinum corporalium,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4229 etiam rebus absentibus quarum sunt similitudines; intellectus autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4230 apprehensivus est universalium rationum, quas potest apprehendere
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4231 indifferenter et praesentibus et absentibus singularibus. Et quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4232 actus appetitivae virtutis est quaedam inclinatio ad rem ipsam,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4233 secundum quandam similitudinem ipsa applicatio appetitivae virtutis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4234 ad rem, secundum quod ei inhaeret, accipit nomen sensus, quasi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4235 experientiam quandam sumens de re cui inhaeret, inquantum complacet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4236 sibi in ea. Unde et Sap. I, dicitur, <i>sentite de domino in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4237 bonitate</i>. Et secundum hoc, consentire est actus appetitivae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4238 virtutis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4239 <p title="I-II q. 15 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="34124"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4240 "ref">[34124] Iª-IIae q. 15 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4241 ergo dicendum quod, sicut dicitur in III de anima, voluntas in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4242 ratione est. Unde cum Augustinus attribuit consensum rationi,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4243 accipit rationem secundum quod in ea includitur voluntas.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4244 <p title="I-II q. 15 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="34125"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4245 "ref">[34125] Iª-IIae q. 15 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4246 dicendum, quod sentire proprie dictum ad apprehensivam potentiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4247 pertinet, sed secundum similitudinem cuiusdam experientiae,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4248 pertinet ad appetitivam, ut dictum est.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4249 <p title="I-II q. 15 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="34126"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4250 "ref">[34126] Iª-IIae q. 15 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4251 dicendum quod assentire est quasi ad aliud sentire, et sic importat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4252 quandam distantiam ad id cui assentitur. Sed consentire est simul
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4253 sentire, et sic importat quandam coniunctionem ad id cui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4254 consentitur. Et ideo voluntas, cuius est tendere ad ipsam rem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4255 magis proprie dicitur consentire, intellectus autem, cuius operatio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4256 non est secundum motum ad rem, sed potius e converso, ut in primo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4257 dictum est, magis proprie dicitur assentire, quamvis unum pro alio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4258 poni soleat. Potest etiam dici quod intellectus assentit, inquantum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4259 a voluntate movetur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4260 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4261 <div class="E">Articulus 2</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4262 <p title="I-II q. 15 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="34127"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4263 "ref">[34127] Iª-IIae q. 15 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4264 sic proceditur. Videtur quod consensus conveniat brutis animalibus.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4265 Consensus enim importat determinationem appetitus ad unum. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4266 appetitus brutorum animalium sunt determinati ad unum. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4267 consensus in brutis animalibus invenitur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4268 <p title="I-II q. 15 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="34128"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4269 "ref">[34128] Iª-IIae q. 15 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4270 remoto priori, removetur posterius. Sed consensus praecedit operis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4271 executionem. Si ergo in brutis non esset consensus, non esset in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4272 eis operis executio. Quod patet esse falsum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4273 <p title="I-II q. 15 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="34129"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4274 "ref">[34129] Iª-IIae q. 15 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4275 homines interdum consentire dicuntur in aliquid agendum ex aliqua
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4276 passione, puta concupiscentia vel ira. Sed bruta animalia ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4277 passione agunt. Ergo in eis est consensus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4278 <p title="I-II q. 15 a. 2 s. c."><a name="34130"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4279 "ref">[34130] Iª-IIae q. 15 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4280 est quod Damascenus dicit quod <i>post iudicium, homo disponit et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4281 amat quod ex consilio iudicatum est, quod vocatur sententia</i>,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4282 idest consensus. Sed consilium non est in brutis animalibus. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4283 nec consensus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4284 <p title="I-II q. 15 a. 2 co."><a name="34131"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4285 "ref">[34131] Iª-IIae q. 15 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4286 dicendum quod consensus, proprie loquendo, non est in brutis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4287 animalibus. Cuius ratio est quia consensus importat applicationem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4288 appetitivi motus ad aliquid agendum. Eius autem est applicare
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4289 appetitivum motum ad aliquid agendum, in cuius potestate est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4290 appetitivus motus, sicut tangere lapidem convenit quidem baculo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4291 sed applicare baculum ad tactum lapidis, est eius qui habet in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4292 potestate movere baculum. Bruta autem animalia non habent in sui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4293 potestate appetitivum motum, sed talis motus in eis est ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4294 instinctu naturae. Unde brutum animal appetit quidem, sed non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4295 applicat appetitivum motum ad aliquid. Et propter hoc non proprie
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4296 dicitur consentire, sed solum rationalis natura, quae habet in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4297 potestate sua appetitivum motum, et potest ipsum applicare vel non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4298 applicare ad hoc vel ad illud.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4299 <p title="I-II q. 15 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="34132"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4300 "ref">[34132] Iª-IIae q. 15 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4301 ergo dicendum quod in brutis animalibus invenitur determinatio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4302 appetitus ad aliquid passive tantum. Consensus vero importat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4303 determinationem appetitus non solum passivam, sed magis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4304 activam.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4305 <p title="I-II q. 15 a. 2 ad 2"><a name="34133"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4306 "ref">[34133] Iª-IIae q. 15 a. 2 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4307 dicendum quod, remoto priori, removetur posterius quod proprie ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4308 eo tantum sequitur. Si autem aliquid ex pluribus sequi possit, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4309 propter hoc posterius removetur, uno priorum remoto, sicut si
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4310 induratio possit fieri et a calido et frigido (nam lateres
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4311 indurantur ab igne, et aqua congelata induratur ex frigore), non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4312 oportet quod, remoto calore, removeatur induratio. Executio autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4313 operis non solum sequitur ex consensu, sed etiam ex impetuoso
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4314 appetitu, qualis est in brutis animalibus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4315 <p title="I-II q. 15 a. 2 ad 3"><a name="34134"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4316 "ref">[34134] Iª-IIae q. 15 a. 2 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4317 dicendum quod homines qui ex passione agunt, possunt passionem non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4318 sequi. Non autem bruta animalia. Unde non est similis ratio.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4319 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4320 <div class="E">Articulus 3</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4321 <p title="I-II q. 15 a. 3 arg. 1"><a name="34135"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4322 "ref">[34135] Iª-IIae q. 15 a. 3 arg. 1</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4323 sic proceditur. Videtur quod consensus sit de fine. Quia propter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4324 quod unumquodque, illud magis. Sed his quae sunt ad finem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4325 consentimus propter finem. Ergo fini consentimus magis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4326 <p title="I-II q. 15 a. 3 arg. 2"><a name="34136"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4327 "ref">[34136] Iª-IIae q. 15 a. 3 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4328 actio intemperati est finis eius, sicut et actio virtuosi est finis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4329 eius. Sed intemperatus consentit in proprium actum. Ergo consensus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4330 potest esse de fine.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4331 <p title="I-II q. 15 a. 3 arg. 3"><a name="34137"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4332 "ref">[34137] Iª-IIae q. 15 a. 3 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4333 appetitus eorum quae sunt ad finem, est electio, ut supra dictum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4334 est. Si igitur consensus esset solum de his quae sunt ad finem, in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4335 nullo ab electione differre videretur. Quod patet esse falsum per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4336 Damascenum, qui dicit quod post dispositionem, quam vocaverat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4337 sententiam, fit electio. Non ergo consensus est solum de his quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4338 sunt ad finem.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4339 <p title="I-II q. 15 a. 3 s. c."><a name="34138"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4340 "ref">[34138] Iª-IIae q. 15 a. 3 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4341 est quod Damascenus ibidem dicit, quod <i>sententia, sive
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4342 consensus, est quando homo disponit et amat quod ex consilio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4343 iudicatum est</i>. Sed consilium non est nisi de his quae sunt ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4344 finem. Ergo nec consensus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4345 <p title="I-II q. 15 a. 3 co."><a name="34139"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4346 "ref">[34139] Iª-IIae q. 15 a. 3 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4347 dicendum quod consensus nominat applicationem appetitivi motus ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4348 aliquid praeexistens in potestate applicantis in ordine autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4349 agibilium, primo quidem oportet sumere apprehensionem finis; deinde
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4350 appetitum finis; deinde consilium de his quae sunt ad finem; deinde
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4351 appetitum eorum quae sunt ad finem. Appetitus autem in ultimum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4352 finem tendit naturaliter, unde et applicatio motus appetitivi in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4353 finem apprehensum, non habet rationem consensus, sed simplicis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4354 voluntatis. De his autem quae sunt post ultimum finem, inquantum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4355 sunt ad finem, sub consilio cadunt, et sic potest esse de eis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4356 consensus, inquantum motus appetitivus applicatur ad id quod ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4357 consilio iudicatum est. Motus vero appetitivus in finem, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4358 applicatur consilio, sed magis consilium ipsi, quia consilium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4359 praesupponit appetitum finis. Sed appetitus eorum quae sunt ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4360 finem, praesupponit determinationem consilii. Et ideo applicatio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4361 appetitivi motus ad determinationem consilii, proprie est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4362 consensus. Unde, cum consilium non sit nisi de his quae sunt ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4363 finem, consensus, proprie loquendo, non est nisi de his quae sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4364 ad finem.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4365 <p title="I-II q. 15 a. 3 ad 1"><a name="34140"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4366 "ref">[34140] Iª-IIae q. 15 a. 3 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4367 ergo dicendum quod, sicut conclusiones scimus per principia, horum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4368 tamen non est scientia, sed quod maius est, scilicet intellectus;
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4369 ita consentimus his quae sunt ad finem propter finem, cuius tamen
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4370 non est consensus, sed quod maius est, scilicet voluntas.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4371 <p title="I-II q. 15 a. 3 ad 2"><a name="34141"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4372 "ref">[34141] Iª-IIae q. 15 a. 3 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4373 dicendum quod intemperatus habet pro fine delectationem operis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4374 propter quam consentit in opus, magis quam ipsam operationem.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4375 <p title="I-II q. 15 a. 3 ad 3"><a name="34142"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4376 "ref">[34142] Iª-IIae q. 15 a. 3 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4377 dicendum quod electio addit supra consensum quandam relationem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4378 respectu eius cui aliquid praeeligitur, et ideo post consensum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4379 adhuc remanet electio. Potest enim contingere quod per consilium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4380 inveniantur plura ducentia ad finem, quorum dum quodlibet placet,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4381 in quodlibet eorum consentitur, sed ex multis quae placent,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4382 praeaccipimus unum eligendo. Sed si inveniatur unum solum quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4383 placeat, non differunt re consensus et electio, sed ratione tantum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4384 ut consensus dicatur secundum quod placet ad agendum; electio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4385 autem, secundum quod praefertur his quae non placent.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4386 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4387 <div class="E">Articulus 4</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4388 <p title="I-II q. 15 a. 4 arg. 1"><a name="34143"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4389 "ref">[34143] Iª-IIae q. 15 a. 4 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quartum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4390 sic proceditur. Videtur quod consensus ad agendum non semper
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4391 pertineat ad superiorem rationem. <i>Delectatio enim consequitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4392 operationem, et perficit eam, sicut decor iuventutem</i>, sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4393 dicitur in X Ethic. Sed consensus in delectationem pertinet ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4394 inferiorem rationem, ut dicit Augustinus in XII de Trin. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4395 consensus in actum non pertinet ad solam superiorem rationem.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4396 <p title="I-II q. 15 a. 4 arg. 2"><a name="34144"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4397 "ref">[34144] Iª-IIae q. 15 a. 4 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4398 actio in quam consentimus, dicitur esse voluntaria. Sed multarum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4399 potentiarum est producere actiones voluntarias. Ergo non sola
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4400 superior ratio consentit in actum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4401 <p title="I-II q. 15 a. 4 arg. 3"><a name="34145"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4402 "ref">[34145] Iª-IIae q. 15 a. 4 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4403 superior ratio intendit aeternis inspiciendis ac consulendis, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4404 Augustinus dicit in XII de Trin. Sed multoties homo consentit in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4405 actum non propter rationes aeternas, sed propter aliquas rationes
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4406 temporales, vel etiam propter aliquas animae passiones. Non ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4407 consentire in actum pertinet ad solam superiorem rationem.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4408 <p title="I-II q. 15 a. 4 s. c."><a name="34146"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4409 "ref">[34146] Iª-IIae q. 15 a. 4 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4410 est quod Augustinus dicit, XII de Trin., <i>non potest peccatum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4411 efficaciter perpetrandum mente decerni, nisi illa mentis intentio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4412 penes quam summa potestas est membra in opus movendi vel ab opere
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4413 cohibendi, malae actioni cedat et serviat</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4414 <p title="I-II q. 15 a. 4 co."><a name="34147"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4415 "ref">[34147] Iª-IIae q. 15 a. 4 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4416 dicendum quod finalis sententia semper pertinet ad eum qui superior
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4417 est, ad quem pertinet de aliis iudicare, quandiu enim iudicandum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4418 restat quod proponitur, nondum datur finalis sententia. Manifestum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4419 est autem quod superior ratio est quae habet de omnibus iudicare,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4420 quia de sensibilibus per rationem iudicamus; de his vero quae ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4421 rationes humanas pertinent, iudicamus secundum rationes divinas,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4422 quae pertinent ad rationem superiorem. Et ideo quandiu incertum est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4423 an secundum rationes divinas resistatur vel non, nullum iudicium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4424 rationis habet rationem finalis sententiae. Finalis autem sententia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4425 de agendis est consensus in actum. Et ideo consensus in actum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4426 pertinet ad rationem superiorem, secundum tamen quod in ratione
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4427 voluntas includitur, sicut supra dictum est.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4428 <p title="I-II q. 15 a. 4 ad 1"><a name="34148"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4429 "ref">[34148] Iª-IIae q. 15 a. 4 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4430 ergo dicendum quod consensus in delectationem operis pertinet ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4431 superiorem rationem, sicut et consensus in opus, sed consensus in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4432 delectationem cogitationis, pertinet ad rationem inferiorem, sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4433 ad ipsam pertinet cogitare. Et tamen de hoc ipso quod est cogitare
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4434 vel non cogitare, inquantum consideratur ut actio quaedam, habet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4435 iudicium superior ratio, et similiter de delectatione consequente.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4436 Sed inquantum accipitur ut ad actionem aliam ordinatum, sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4437 pertinet ad inferiorem rationem. Quod enim ad aliud ordinatur, ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4438 inferiorem artem vel potentiam pertinet quam finis ad quem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4439 ordinatur, unde ars quae est de fine, architectonica, seu
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4440 principalis, vocatur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4441 <p title="I-II q. 15 a. 4 ad 2"><a name="34149"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4442 "ref">[34149] Iª-IIae q. 15 a. 4 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4443 dicendum quod, quia actiones dicuntur voluntariae ex hoc quod eis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4444 consentimus, non oportet quod consensus sit cuiuslibet potentiae,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4445 sed voluntatis, a qua dicitur voluntarium; quae est in ratione,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4446 sicut dictum est.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4447 <p title="I-II q. 15 a. 4 ad 3"><a name="34150"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4448 "ref">[34150] Iª-IIae q. 15 a. 4 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4449 dicendum quod ratio superior dicitur consentire, non solum quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4450 secundum rationes aeternas semper moveat ad agendum; sed etiam quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4451 secundum rationes aeternas non dissentit.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4452 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4453 <div class="D">Quaestio 16</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4454 <div class="G">Prooemium</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4455 <p title="I-II q. 16 pr."><a name="34151"><span class="ref">[34151]
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4456 Iª-IIae q. 16 pr.</span></a> Deinde considerandum est de usu.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4457 Et circa hoc quaeruntur quatuor. Primo, utrum uti sit actus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4458 voluntatis. Secundo, utrum conveniat brutis animalibus. Tertio,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4459 utrum sit tantum eorum quae sunt ad finem, vel etiam finis. Quarto,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4460 de ordine usus ad electionem.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4461 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4462 <div class="E">Articulus 1</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4463 <p title="I-II q. 16 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="34152"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4464 "ref">[34152] Iª-IIae q. 16 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4465 sic proceditur. Videtur quod uti non sit actus voluntatis. Dicit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4466 enim Augustinus, in I de Doctr. Christ., quod <i>uti est id quod in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4467 usum venerit, ad aliud obtinendum referre</i>. Sed referre aliquid
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4468 ad aliud est rationis, cuius est conferre et ordinare. Ergo uti est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4469 actus rationis. Non ergo voluntatis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4470 <p title="I-II q. 16 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="34153"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4471 "ref">[34153] Iª-IIae q. 16 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4472 Damascenus dicit quod <i>homo impetum facit ad operationem, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4473 dicitur impetus, deinde utitur, et dicitur usus</i>. Sed operatio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4474 pertinet ad potentiam executivam. Actus autem voluntatis non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4475 sequitur actum executivae potentiae, sed executio est ultimum. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4476 usus non est actus voluntatis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4477 <p title="I-II q. 16 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="34154"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4478 "ref">[34154] Iª-IIae q. 16 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4479 Augustinus dicit, in libro octoginta trium quaest., <i>omnia quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4480 facta sunt, in usum hominis facta sunt, quia omnibus utitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4481 iudicando ratio quae hominibus data est</i>. Sed iudicare de rebus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4482 a Deo creatis pertinet ad rationem speculativam; quae omnino
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4483 separata videtur a voluntate, quae est principium humanorum actuum.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4484 Ergo uti non est actus voluntatis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4485 <p title="I-II q. 16 a. 1 s. c."><a name="34155"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4486 "ref">[34155] Iª-IIae q. 16 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4487 est quod Augustinus dicit, in X de Trin., <i>uti est assumere
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4488 aliquid in facultatem voluntatis</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4489 <p title="I-II q. 16 a. 1 co."><a name="34156"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4490 "ref">[34156] Iª-IIae q. 16 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4491 dicendum quod usus rei alicuius importat applicationem rei illius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4492 ad aliquam operationem, unde et operatio ad quam applicamus rem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4493 aliquam, dicitur usus eius; sicut equitare est usus equi, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4494 percutere est usus baculi. Ad operationem autem applicamus et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4495 principia interiora agendi, scilicet ipsas potentias animae vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4496 membra corporis, ut intellectum ad intelligendum, et oculum ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4497 videndum; et etiam res exteriores, sicut baculum ad percutiendum.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4498 Sed manifestum est quod res exteriores non applicamus ad aliquam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4499 operationem nisi per principia intrinseca, quae sunt potentiae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4500 animae, aut habitus potentiarum, aut organa, quae sunt corporis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4501 membra. Ostensum est autem supra quod voluntas est quae movet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4502 potentias animae ad suos actus; et hoc est applicare eas ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4503 operationem. Unde manifestum est quod uti primo et principaliter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4504 est voluntatis, tanquam primi moventis; rationis autem tanquam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4505 dirigentis; sed aliarum potentiarum tanquam exequentium, quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4506 comparantur ad voluntatem, a qua applicantur ad agendum, sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4507 instrumenta ad principale agens. Actio autem proprie non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4508 attribuitur instrumento, sed principali agenti, sicut aedificatio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4509 aedificatori, non autem instrumentis. Unde manifestum est quod uti
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4510 proprie est actus voluntatis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4511 <p title="I-II q. 16 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="34157"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4512 "ref">[34157] Iª-IIae q. 16 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4513 ergo dicendum quod ratio quidem in aliud refert, sed voluntas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4514 tendit in id quod est in aliud relatum per rationem. Et secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4515 hoc dicitur quod uti est referre aliquid in alterum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4516 <p title="I-II q. 16 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="34158"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4517 "ref">[34158] Iª-IIae q. 16 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4518 dicendum quod Damascenus loquitur de usu, secundum quod pertinet ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4519 executivas potentias.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4520 <p title="I-II q. 16 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="34159"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4521 "ref">[34159] Iª-IIae q. 16 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4522 dicendum quod etiam ipsa ratio speculativa applicatur ad opus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4523 intelligendi vel iudicandi, a voluntate. Et ideo intellectus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4524 speculativus uti dicitur tanquam a voluntate motus, sicut aliae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4525 executivae potentiae.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4526 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4527 <div class="E">Articulus 2</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4528 <p title="I-II q. 16 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="34160"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4529 "ref">[34160] Iª-IIae q. 16 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4530 sic proceditur. Videtur quod uti conveniat brutis animalibus. Frui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4531 enim est nobilius quam uti, quia, ut Augustinus dicit in X de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4532 Trin., <i>utimur eis quae ad aliud referimus, quo fruendum est</i>.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4533 Sed frui convenit brutis animalibus, ut supra dictum est. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4534 multo magis convenit eis uti.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4535 <p title="I-II q. 16 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="34161"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4536 "ref">[34161] Iª-IIae q. 16 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4537 applicare membra ad agendum est uti membris. Sed bruta animalia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4538 applicant membra ad aliquid agendum; sicut pedes ad ambulandum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4539 cornua ad percutiendum. Ergo brutis animalibus convenit uti.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4540 <p title="I-II q. 16 a. 2 s. c."><a name="34162"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4541 "ref">[34162] Iª-IIae q. 16 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4542 est quod Augustinus dicit, in libro octoginta trium quaest., <i>uti
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4543 aliqua re non potest nisi animal quod rationis est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4544 particeps</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4545 <p title="I-II q. 16 a. 2 co."><a name="34163"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4546 "ref">[34163] Iª-IIae q. 16 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4547 dicendum quod, sicut dictum est, uti est applicare aliquod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4548 principium actionis ad actionem, sicut consentire est applicare
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4549 motum appetitivum ad aliquid appetendum, ut dictum est. Applicare
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4550 autem aliquid ad alterum non est nisi eius quod habet arbitrium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4551 super illud, quod non est nisi eius qui scit referre aliquid in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4552 alterum, quod ad rationem pertinet. Et ideo solum animal rationale
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4553 et consentit, et utitur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4554 <p title="I-II q. 16 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="34164"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4555 "ref">[34164] Iª-IIae q. 16 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4556 ergo dicendum quod frui importat absolutum motum appetitus in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4557 appetibile, sed uti importat motum appetitus ad aliquid in ordine
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4558 ad alterum. Si ergo comparentur uti et frui quantum ad obiecta, sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4559 frui est nobilius quam uti, quia id quod est absolute appetibile,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4560 est melius quam id quod est appetibile solum in ordine ad aliud.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4561 Sed si comparentur quantum ad vim apprehensivam praecedentem, maior
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4562 nobilitas requiritur ex parte usus, quia ordinare aliquid in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4563 alterum est rationis; absolute autem aliquid apprehendere potest
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4564 etiam sensus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4565 <p title="I-II q. 16 a. 2 ad 2"><a name="34165"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4566 "ref">[34165] Iª-IIae q. 16 a. 2 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4567 dicendum quod animalia per sua membra aliquid agunt instinctu
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4568 naturae, non per hoc quod cognoscant ordinem membrorum ad illas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4569 operationes. Unde non dicuntur proprie applicare membra ad agendum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4570 nec uti membris.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4571 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4572 <div class="E">Articulus 3</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4573 <p title="I-II q. 16 a. 3 arg. 1"><a name="34166"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4574 "ref">[34166] Iª-IIae q. 16 a. 3 arg. 1</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4575 sic proceditur. Videtur quod usus possit esse etiam ultimi finis.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4576 Dicit enim Augustinus, in X de Trin., <i>omnis qui fruitur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4577 utitur</i>. Sed ultimo fine fruitur aliquis. Ergo ultimo fine
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4578 aliquis utitur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4579 <p title="I-II q. 16 a. 3 arg. 2"><a name="34167"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4580 "ref">[34167] Iª-IIae q. 16 a. 3 arg. 2</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4581 <i>Praeterea, uti est assumere aliquid in facultatem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4582 voluntatis</i>, ut ibidem dicitur. Sed nihil magis assumitur a
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4583 voluntate quam ultimus finis. Ergo usus potest esse ultimi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4584 finis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4585 <p title="I-II q. 16 a. 3 arg. 3"><a name="34168"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4586 "ref">[34168] Iª-IIae q. 16 a. 3 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4587 Hilarius dicit, in II de Trin., quod aeternitas est in patre,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4588 species in imagine, idest in filio, usus in munere, idest in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4589 spiritu sancto. Sed spiritus sanctus, cum sit Deus, est ultimus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4590 finis. Ergo ultimo fine contingit uti.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4591 <p title="I-II q. 16 a. 3 s. c."><a name="34169"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4592 "ref">[34169] Iª-IIae q. 16 a. 3 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4593 est quod dicit Augustinus, in libro octoginta trium quaest., <i>Deo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4594 nullus recte utitur, sed fruitur</i>. Sed solus Deus est ultimus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4595 finis. Ergo ultimo fine non est utendum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4596 <p title="I-II q. 16 a. 3 co."><a name="34170"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4597 "ref">[34170] Iª-IIae q. 16 a. 3 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4598 dicendum quod uti, sicut dictum est, importat applicationem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4599 alicuius ad aliquid. Quod autem applicatur ad aliud, se habet in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4600 ratione eius quod est ad finem. Et ideo uti semper est eius quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4601 est ad finem. Propter quod et ea quae sunt ad finem accommoda,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4602 utilia dicuntur; et ipsa utilitas interdum usus nominatur. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4603 considerandum est quod ultimus finis dicitur dupliciter, uno modo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4604 simpliciter; et alio modo, quoad aliquem. Cum enim finis, ut supra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4605 dictum est, dicatur quandoque quidem res, quandoque autem adeptio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4606 rei vel possessio eius, sicut avaro finis est vel pecunia vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4607 possessio pecuniae; manifestum est quod, simpliciter loquendo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4608 ultimus finis est ipsa res, non enim possessio pecuniae est bona,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4609 nisi propter bonum pecuniae. Sed quoad hunc, adeptio pecuniae est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4610 finis ultimus, non enim quaereret pecuniam avarus, nisi ut haberet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4611 eam. Ergo, simpliciter loquendo et proprie, pecunia homo aliquis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4612 fruitur, quia in ea ultimum finem constituit, sed inquantum refert
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4613 eam ad possessionem, dicitur uti ea.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4614 <p title="I-II q. 16 a. 3 ad 1"><a name="34171"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4615 "ref">[34171] Iª-IIae q. 16 a. 3 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4616 ergo dicendum quod Augustinus loquitur de usu communiter, secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4617 quod importat ordinem finis ad ipsam finis fruitionem, quam aliquis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4618 quaerit de fine.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4619 <p title="I-II q. 16 a. 3 ad 2"><a name="34172"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4620 "ref">[34172] Iª-IIae q. 16 a. 3 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4621 dicendum quod finis assumitur in facultatem voluntatis, ut voluntas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4622 in illo quiescat. Unde ipsa requies in fine, quae fruitio est,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4623 dicitur hoc modo usus finis. Sed id quod est ad finem, assumitur in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4624 facultatem voluntatis non solum in ordine ad usum eius quod est ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4625 finem, sed in ordine ad aliam rem, in qua voluntas quiescit.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4626 <p title="I-II q. 16 a. 3 ad 3"><a name="34173"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4627 "ref">[34173] Iª-IIae q. 16 a. 3 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4628 dicendum quod usus accipitur in verbis Hilarii pro quiete in ultimo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4629 fine, eo modo quo aliquis, communiter loquendo, dicitur uti fine ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4630 obtinendum ipsum, sicut dictum est. Unde Augustinus, in VI de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4631 Trin., dicit quod <i>illa dilectio, delectatio, felicitas vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4632 beatitudo usus ab eo appellatur</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4633 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4634 <div class="E">Articulus 4</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4635 <p title="I-II q. 16 a. 4 arg. 1"><a name="34174"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4636 "ref">[34174] Iª-IIae q. 16 a. 4 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quartum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4637 sic proceditur. Videtur quod usus praecedat electionem. Post
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4638 electionem enim nihil sequitur nisi executio. Sed usus, cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4639 pertineat ad voluntatem, praecedit executionem. Ergo praecedit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4640 etiam electionem.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4641 <p title="I-II q. 16 a. 4 arg. 2"><a name="34175"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4642 "ref">[34175] Iª-IIae q. 16 a. 4 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4643 absolutum est ante relatum. Ergo minus relatum est ante magis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4644 relatum. Sed electio importat duas relationes, unam eius quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4645 eligitur ad finem, aliam vero ad id cui praeeligitur, usus autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4646 importat solam relationem ad finem. Ergo usus est prior
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4647 electione.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4648 <p title="I-II q. 16 a. 4 arg. 3"><a name="34176"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4649 "ref">[34176] Iª-IIae q. 16 a. 4 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4650 voluntas utitur aliis potentiis inquantum movet eas. Sed voluntas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4651 movet etiam seipsam ut dictum est. Ergo etiam utitur seipsa,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4652 applicando se ad agendum. Sed hoc facit cum consentit. Ergo in ipso
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4653 consensu est usus. Sed consensus praecedit electionem ut dictum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4654 est. Ergo et usus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4655 <p title="I-II q. 16 a. 4 s. c."><a name="34177"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4656 "ref">[34177] Iª-IIae q. 16 a. 4 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4657 est quod Damascenus dicit, quod <i>voluntas post electionem impetum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4658 facit ad operationem, et postea utitur</i>. Ergo usus sequitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4659 electionem.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4660 <p title="I-II q. 16 a. 4 co."><a name="34178"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4661 "ref">[34178] Iª-IIae q. 16 a. 4 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4662 dicendum quod voluntas duplicem habitudinem habet ad volitum. Unam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4663 quidem, secundum quod volitum est quodammodo in volente, per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4664 quandam proportionem vel ordinem ad volitum. Unde et res quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4665 naturaliter sunt proportionatae ad aliquem finem, dicuntur appetere
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4666 illum naturaliter. Sed sic habere finem, est imperfecte habere
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4667 ipsum. Omne autem imperfectum tendit in perfectionem. Et ideo tam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4668 appetitus naturalis, quam voluntarius, tendit ut habeat ipsum finem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4669 realiter, quod est perfecte habere ipsum. Et haec est secunda
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4670 habitudo voluntatis ad volitum. Volitum autem non solum est finis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4671 sed id quod est ad finem. Ultimum autem quod pertinet ad primam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4672 habitudinem voluntatis, respectu eius quod est ad finem, est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4673 electio, ibi enim completur proportio voluntatis, ut complete velit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4674 id quod est ad finem. Sed usus iam pertinet ad secundam habitudinem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4675 voluntatis, qua tendit ad consequendum rem volitam. Unde manifestum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4676 est quod usus sequitur electionem, si tamen accipiatur usus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4677 secundum quod voluntas utitur executiva potentia movendo ipsam. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4678 quia voluntas etiam quodammodo rationem movet, et utitur ea, potest
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4679 intelligi usus eius quod est ad finem, secundum quod est in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4680 consideratione rationis referentis ipsum in finem. Et hoc modo usus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4681 praecedit electionem.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4682 <p title="I-II q. 16 a. 4 ad 1"><a name="34179"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4683 "ref">[34179] Iª-IIae q. 16 a. 4 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4684 ergo dicendum quod ipsam executionem operis praecedit motio qua
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4685 voluntas movet ad exequendum, sequitur autem electionem. Et sic,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4686 cum usus pertineat ad praedictam motionem voluntatis, medium est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4687 inter electionem et executionem.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4688 <p title="I-II q. 16 a. 4 ad 2"><a name="34180"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4689 "ref">[34180] Iª-IIae q. 16 a. 4 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4690 dicendum quod id quod est per essentiam suam relatum, posterius est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4691 absoluto, sed id cui attribuuntur relationes, non oportet quod sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4692 posterius. Immo quanto causa est prior, tanto habet relationem ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4693 plures effectus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4694 <p title="I-II q. 16 a. 4 ad 3"><a name="34181"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4695 "ref">[34181] Iª-IIae q. 16 a. 4 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4696 dicendum quod electio praecedit usum, si referantur ad idem. Nihil
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4697 autem prohibet quod usus unius praecedat electionem alterius. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4698 quia actus voluntatis reflectuntur supra seipsos, in quolibet actu
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4699 voluntatis potest accipi et consensus, et electio, et usus, ut si
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4700 dicatur quod voluntas consentit se eligere, et consentit se
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4701 consentire, et utitur se ad consentiendum et eligendum. Et semper
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4702 isti actus ordinati ad id quod est prius, sunt priores.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4703 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4704 <div class="D">Quaestio 17</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4705 <div class="G">Prooemium</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4706 <p title="I-II q. 17 pr."><a name="34182"><span class="ref">[34182]
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4707 Iª-IIae q. 17 pr.</span></a> Deinde considerandum est de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4708 actibus imperatis a voluntate. Et circa hoc quaeruntur novem.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4709 Primo, utrum imperare sit actus voluntatis, vel rationis. Secundo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4710 utrum imperare pertineat ad bruta animalia. Tertio, de ordine
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4711 imperii ad usum. Quarto, utrum imperium et actus imperatus sint
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4712 unus actus, vel diversi. Quinto, utrum actus voluntatis imperetur.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4713 Sexto, utrum actus rationis. Septimo, utrum actus appetitus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4714 sensitivi. Octavo, utrum actus animae vegetabilis. Nono, utrum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4715 actus exteriorum membrorum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4716 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4717 <div class="E">Articulus 1</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4718 <p title="I-II q. 17 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="34183"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4719 "ref">[34183] Iª-IIae q. 17 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4720 sic proceditur. Videtur quod imperare non sit actus rationis, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4721 voluntatis. Imperare enim est movere quoddam, dicit enim Avicenna
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4722 quod quadruplex est movens, scilicet perficiens, disponens,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4723 imperans et consilians. Sed ad voluntatem pertinet movere omnes
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4724 alias vires animae, ut dictum est supra. Ergo imperare est actus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4725 voluntatis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4726 <p title="I-II q. 17 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="34184"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4727 "ref">[34184] Iª-IIae q. 17 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4728 sicut imperari pertinet ad id quod est subiectum, ita imperare
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4729 pertinere videtur ad id quod est maxime liberum. Sed radix
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4730 libertatis est maxime in voluntate. Ergo voluntatis est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4731 imperare.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4732 <p title="I-II q. 17 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="34185"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4733 "ref">[34185] Iª-IIae q. 17 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4734 ad imperium statim sequitur actus. Sed ad actum rationis non statim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4735 sequitur actus, non enim qui iudicat aliquid esse faciendum, statim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4736 illud operatur. Ergo imperare non est actus rationis, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4737 voluntatis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4738 <p title="I-II q. 17 a. 1 s. c."><a name="34186"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4739 "ref">[34186] Iª-IIae q. 17 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4740 est quod Gregorius Nyssenus dicit, et etiam philosophus quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4741 appetitivum obedit rationi. Ergo rationis est imperare.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4742 <p title="I-II q. 17 a. 1 co."><a name="34187"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4743 "ref">[34187] Iª-IIae q. 17 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4744 dicendum quod imperare est actus rationis, praesupposito tamen actu
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4745 voluntatis. Ad cuius evidentiam, considerandum est quod, quia actus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4746 voluntatis et rationis supra se invicem possunt ferri, prout
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4747 scilicet ratio ratiocinatur de volendo, et voluntas vult
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4748 ratiocinari; contingit actum voluntatis praeveniri ab actu
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4749 rationis, et e converso. Et quia virtus prioris actus remanet in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4750 actu sequenti, contingit quandoque quod est aliquis actus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4751 voluntatis, secundum quod manet virtute in ipso aliquid de actu
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4752 rationis, ut dictum est de usu et de electione; et e converso
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4753 aliquis est actus rationis, secundum quod virtute manet in ipso
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4754 aliquid de actu voluntatis. Imperare autem est quidem essentialiter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4755 actus rationis, imperans enim ordinat eum cui imperat, ad aliquid
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4756 agendum, intimando vel denuntiando; sic autem ordinare per modum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4757 cuiusdam intimationis, est rationis. Sed ratio potest aliquid
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4758 intimare vel denuntiare dupliciter. Uno modo, absolute, quae quidem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4759 intimatio exprimitur per verbum indicativi modi; sicut si aliquis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4760 alicui dicat, hoc est tibi faciendum. Aliquando autem ratio intimat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4761 aliquid alicui, movendo ipsum ad hoc, et talis intimatio exprimitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4762 per verbum imperativi modi; puta cum alicui dicitur, fac hoc.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4763 Primum autem movens in viribus animae ad exercitium actus, est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4764 voluntas, ut supra dictum est. Cum ergo secundum movens non moveat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4765 nisi in virtute primi moventis, sequitur quod hoc ipsum quod ratio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4766 movet imperando, sit ei ex virtute voluntatis. Unde relinquitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4767 quod imperare sit actus rationis, praesupposito actu voluntatis, in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4768 cuius virtute ratio movet per imperium ad exercitium actus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4769 <p title="I-II q. 17 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="34188"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4770 "ref">[34188] Iª-IIae q. 17 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4771 ergo dicendum quod imperare non est movere quocumque modo, sed cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4772 quadam intimatione denuntiativa ad alterum. Quod est rationis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4773 <p title="I-II q. 17 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="34189"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4774 "ref">[34189] Iª-IIae q. 17 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4775 dicendum quod radix libertatis est voluntas sicut subiectum, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4776 sicut causa, est ratio. Ex hoc enim voluntas libere potest ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4777 diversa ferri, quia ratio potest habere diversas conceptiones boni.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4778 Et ideo philosophi definiunt liberum arbitrium quod est liberum de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4779 ratione iudicium, quasi ratio sit causa libertatis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4780 <p title="I-II q. 17 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="34190"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4781 "ref">[34190] Iª-IIae q. 17 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4782 dicendum quod ratio illa concludit quod imperium non sit actus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4783 rationis absolute, sed cum quadam motione, ut dictum est.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4784 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4785 <div class="E">Articulus 2</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4786 <p title="I-II q. 17 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="34191"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4787 "ref">[34191] Iª-IIae q. 17 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4788 sic proceditur. Videtur quod imperare conveniat brutis animalibus.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4789 Quia secundum Avicennam, <i>virtus imperans motum est appetitiva,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4790 et virtus exequens motum est in musculis et in nervis</i>. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4791 utraque virtus est in brutis animalibus. Ergo imperium invenitur in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4792 brutis animalibus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4793 <p title="I-II q. 17 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="34192"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4794 "ref">[34192] Iª-IIae q. 17 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4795 de ratione servi est quod ei imperetur. Sed corpus comparatur ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4796 animam sicut servus ad dominum, sicut dicit philosophus in I Polit.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4797 Ergo corpori imperatur ab anima, etiam in brutis, quae sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4798 composita ex anima et corpore.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4799 <p title="I-II q. 17 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="34193"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4800 "ref">[34193] Iª-IIae q. 17 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4801 per imperium homo facit impetum ad opus. Sed impetus in opus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4802 invenitur in brutis animalibus, ut Damascenus dicit. Ergo in brutis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4803 animalibus invenitur imperium.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4804 <p title="I-II q. 17 a. 2 s. c."><a name="34194"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4805 "ref">[34194] Iª-IIae q. 17 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4806 imperium est actus rationis, ut dictum est. Sed in brutis non est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4807 ratio. Ergo neque imperium.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4808 <p title="I-II q. 17 a. 2 co."><a name="34195"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4809 "ref">[34195] Iª-IIae q. 17 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4810 dicendum quod imperare nihil aliud est quam ordinare aliquem ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4811 aliquid agendum, cum quadam intimativa motione. Ordinare autem est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4812 proprius actus rationis. Unde impossibile est quod in brutis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4813 animalibus, in quibus non est ratio, sit aliquo modo imperium.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4814 <p title="I-II q. 17 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="34196"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4815 "ref">[34196] Iª-IIae q. 17 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4816 ergo dicendum quod vis appetitiva dicitur imperare motum, inquantum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4817 movet rationem imperantem. Sed hoc est solum in hominibus. In
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4818 brutis autem animalibus virtus appetitiva non est proprie
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4819 imperativa, nisi imperativum sumatur large pro motivo.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4820 <p title="I-II q. 17 a. 2 ad 2"><a name="34197"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4821 "ref">[34197] Iª-IIae q. 17 a. 2 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4822 dicendum quod in brutis animalibus corpus quidem habet unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4823 obediat, sed anima non habet unde imperet, quia non habet unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4824 ordinet. Et ideo non est ibi ratio imperantis et imperati; sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4825 solum moventis et moti.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4826 <p title="I-II q. 17 a. 2 ad 3"><a name="34198"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4827 "ref">[34198] Iª-IIae q. 17 a. 2 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4828 dicendum quod aliter invenitur impetus ad opus in brutis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4829 animalibus, et aliter in hominibus. Homines enim faciunt impetum ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4830 opus per ordinationem rationis, unde habet in eis impetus rationem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4831 imperii. In brutis autem fit impetus ad opus per instinctum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4832 naturae, quia scilicet appetitus eorum statim apprehenso
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4833 convenienti vel inconvenienti, naturaliter movetur ad prosecutionem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4834 vel fugam. Unde ordinantur ab alio ad agendum, non autem ipsa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4835 seipsa ordinant ad actionem. Et ideo in eis est impetus, sed non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4836 imperium.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4837 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4838 <div class="E">Articulus 3</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4839 <p title="I-II q. 17 a. 3 arg. 1"><a name="34199"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4840 "ref">[34199] Iª-IIae q. 17 a. 3 arg. 1</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4841 sic proceditur. Videtur quod usus praecedat imperium. Imperium enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4842 est actus rationis praesupponens actum voluntatis, ut supra dictum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4843 est. Sed usus est actus voluntatis, ut supra dictum est. Ergo usus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4844 praecedit imperium.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4845 <p title="I-II q. 17 a. 3 arg. 2"><a name="34200"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4846 "ref">[34200] Iª-IIae q. 17 a. 3 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4847 imperium est aliquid eorum quae ad finem ordinantur. Eorum autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4848 quae sunt ad finem, est usus. Ergo videtur quod usus sit prius quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4849 imperium.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4850 <p title="I-II q. 17 a. 3 arg. 3"><a name="34201"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4851 "ref">[34201] Iª-IIae q. 17 a. 3 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4852 omnis actus potentiae motae a voluntate, usus dicitur, quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4853 voluntas utitur aliis potentiis, ut supra dictum est. Sed imperium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4854 est actus rationis prout mota est a voluntate, sicut dictum est.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4855 Ergo imperium est quidam usus. Commune autem est prius proprio.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4856 Ergo usus est prius quam imperium.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4857 <p title="I-II q. 17 a. 3 s. c."><a name="34202"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4858 "ref">[34202] Iª-IIae q. 17 a. 3 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4859 est quod Damascenus dicit, quod impetus ad operationem praecedit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4860 usum. Sed impetus ad operationem fit per imperium. Ergo imperium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4861 praecedit usum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4862 <p title="I-II q. 17 a. 3 co."><a name="34203"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4863 "ref">[34203] Iª-IIae q. 17 a. 3 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4864 dicendum quod usus eius quod est ad finem, secundum quod est in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4865 ratione referente ipsum in finem, praecedit electionem, ut supra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4866 dictum est. Unde multo magis praecedit imperium. Sed usus eius quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4867 est ad finem, secundum quod subditur potentiae executivae, sequitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4868 imperium, eo quod usus utentis coniunctus est cum actu eius quo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4869 quis utitur; non enim utitur aliquis baculo, antequam aliquo modo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4870 per baculum operetur. Imperium autem non est simul cum actu eius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4871 cui imperatur, sed naturaliter prius est imperium quam imperio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4872 obediatur, et aliquando etiam est prius tempore. Unde manifestum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4873 est quod imperium est prius quam usus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4874 <p title="I-II q. 17 a. 3 ad 1"><a name="34204"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4875 "ref">[34204] Iª-IIae q. 17 a. 3 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4876 ergo dicendum quod non omnis actus voluntatis praecedit hunc actum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4877 rationis qui est imperium, sed aliquis praecedit, scilicet electio;
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4878 et aliquis sequitur, scilicet usus. Quia post determinationem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4879 consilii, quae est iudicium rationis, voluntas eligit; et post
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4880 electionem, ratio imperat ei per quod agendum est quod eligitur; et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4881 tunc demum voluntas alicuius incipit uti, exequendo imperium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4882 rationis; quandoque quidem voluntas alterius, cum aliquis imperat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4883 alteri; quandoque autem voluntas ipsius imperantis, cum aliquis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4884 imperat sibi ipsi.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4885 <p title="I-II q. 17 a. 3 ad 2"><a name="34205"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4886 "ref">[34205] Iª-IIae q. 17 a. 3 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4887 dicendum quod, sicut actus sunt praevii potentiis, ita obiecta
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4888 actibus. Obiectum autem usus est id quod est ad finem. Ex hoc ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4889 quod ipsum imperium est ad finem, magis potest concludi quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4890 imperium sit prius usu, quam quod sit posterius.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4891 <p title="I-II q. 17 a. 3 ad 3"><a name="34206"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4892 "ref">[34206] Iª-IIae q. 17 a. 3 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4893 dicendum quod, sicut actus voluntatis utentis ratione ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4894 imperandum, praecedit ipsum imperium; ita etiam potest dici quod et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4895 istum usum voluntatis praecedit aliquod imperium rationis, eo quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4896 actus harum potentiarum supra seipsos invicem reflectuntur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4897 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4898 <div class="E">Articulus 4</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4899 <p title="I-II q. 17 a. 4 arg. 1"><a name="34207"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4900 "ref">[34207] Iª-IIae q. 17 a. 4 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quartum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4901 sic proceditur. Videtur quod actus imperatus non sit unus actus cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4902 ipso imperio. Diversarum enim potentiarum diversi sunt actus. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4903 alterius potentiae est actus imperatus, et alterius ipsum imperium,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4904 quia alia est potentia quae imperat, et alia cui imperatur. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4905 non est idem actus imperatus cum imperio.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4906 <p title="I-II q. 17 a. 4 arg. 2"><a name="34208"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4907 "ref">[34208] Iª-IIae q. 17 a. 4 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4908 quaecumque possunt ab invicem separari, sunt diversa, nihil enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4909 separatur a seipso. Sed aliquando actus imperatus separatur ab
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4910 imperio, praecedit enim quandoque imperium, et non sequitur actus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4911 imperatus. Ergo alius actus est imperium ab actu imperato.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4912 <p title="I-II q. 17 a. 4 arg. 3"><a name="34209"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4913 "ref">[34209] Iª-IIae q. 17 a. 4 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4914 quaecumque se habent secundum prius et posterius, sunt diversa. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4915 imperium naturaliter praecedit actum imperatum. Ergo sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4916 diversa.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4917 <p title="I-II q. 17 a. 4 s. c."><a name="34210"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4918 "ref">[34210] Iª-IIae q. 17 a. 4 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4919 est quod philosophus dicit, quod <i>ubi est unum propter alterum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4920 ibi est unum tantum</i>. Sed actus imperatus non est nisi propter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4921 imperium. Ergo sunt unum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4922 <p title="I-II q. 17 a. 4 co."><a name="34211"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4923 "ref">[34211] Iª-IIae q. 17 a. 4 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4924 dicendum quod nihil prohibet aliqua esse secundum quid multa, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4925 secundum quid unum. Quinimmo omnia multa sunt secundum aliquid
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4926 unum, ut Dionysius dicit, ult. cap. de Div. Nom. Est tamen
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4927 differentia attendenda in hoc, quod quaedam sunt simpliciter multa,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4928 et secundum quid unum, quaedam vero e converso. Unum autem hoc modo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4929 dicitur sicut et ens. Ens autem simpliciter est substantia, sed ens
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4930 secundum quid est accidens, vel etiam ens rationis. Et ideo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4931 quaecumque sunt unum secundum substantiam, sunt unum simpliciter,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4932 et multa secundum quid. Sicut totum in genere substantiae,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4933 compositum ex suis partibus vel integralibus vel essentialibus, est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4934 unum simpliciter, nam totum est ens et substantia simpliciter,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4935 partes vero sunt entia et substantiae in toto. Quae vero sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4936 diversa secundum substantiam, et unum secundum accidens, sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4937 diversa simpliciter, et unum secundum quid, sicut multi homines
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4938 sunt unus populus, et multi lapides sunt unus acervus; quae est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4939 unitas compositionis, aut ordinis. Similiter etiam multa individua,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4940 quae sunt unum genere vel specie, sunt simpliciter multa, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4941 secundum quid unum, nam esse unum genere vel specie, est esse unum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4942 secundum rationem. Sicut autem in genere rerum naturalium, aliquod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4943 totum componitur ex materia et forma, ut homo ex anima et corpore,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4944 qui est unum ens naturale, licet habeat multitudinem partium; ita
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4945 etiam in actibus humanis, actus inferioris potentiae materialiter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4946 se habet ad actum superioris, inquantum inferior potentia agit in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4947 virtute superioris moventis ipsam, sic enim et actus moventis primi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4948 formaliter se habet ad actum instrumenti. Unde patet quod imperium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4949 et actus imperatus sunt unus actus humanus, sicut quoddam totum est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4950 unum, sed est secundum partes multa.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4951 <p title="I-II q. 17 a. 4 ad 1"><a name="34212"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4952 "ref">[34212] Iª-IIae q. 17 a. 4 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4953 ergo dicendum quod, si essent potentiae diversae ad invicem non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4954 ordinatae, actus earum essent simpliciter diversi. Sed quando una
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4955 potentia est movens alteram, tunc actus earum sunt quodammodo unus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4956 nam idem est actus moventis et moti, ut dicitur in III Physic.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4957 <p title="I-II q. 17 a. 4 ad 2"><a name="34213"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4958 "ref">[34213] Iª-IIae q. 17 a. 4 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4959 dicendum quod ex hoc quod imperium et actus imperatus possunt ab
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4960 invicem separari, habetur quod sunt multa partibus. Nam partes
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4961 hominis possunt ab invicem separari, quae tamen sunt unum toto.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4962 <p title="I-II q. 17 a. 4 ad 3"><a name="34214"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4963 "ref">[34214] Iª-IIae q. 17 a. 4 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4964 dicendum quod nihil prohibet in his quae sunt multa partibus et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4965 unum toto, unum esse prius alio. Sicut anima quodammodo est prius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4966 corpore, et cor est prius aliis membris.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4967 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4968 <div class="E">Articulus 5</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4969 <p title="I-II q. 17 a. 5 arg. 1"><a name="34215"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4970 "ref">[34215] Iª-IIae q. 17 a. 5 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quintum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4971 sic proceditur. Videtur quod actus voluntatis non sit imperatus.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4972 Dicit enim Augustinus, in VIII Confess., <i>imperat animus ut velit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4973 animus, nec tamen facit</i>. Velle autem est actus voluntatis. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4974 actus voluntatis non imperatur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4975 <p title="I-II q. 17 a. 5 arg. 2"><a name="34216"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4976 "ref">[34216] Iª-IIae q. 17 a. 5 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4977 ei convenit imperari, cui convenit imperium intelligere. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4978 voluntatis non est intelligere imperium, differt enim voluntas ab
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4979 intellectu, cuius est intelligere. Ergo actus voluntatis non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4980 imperatur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4981 <p title="I-II q. 17 a. 5 arg. 3"><a name="34217"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4982 "ref">[34217] Iª-IIae q. 17 a. 5 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4983 si aliquis actus voluntatis imperatur, pari ratione omnes
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4984 imperantur. Sed si omnes actus voluntatis imperantur, necesse est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4985 in infinitum procedere, quia actus voluntatis praecedit actum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4986 imperantis rationis, ut dictum est; qui voluntatis actus si iterum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4987 imperatur, illud iterum imperium praecedet alius rationis actus, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4988 sic in infinitum. Hoc autem est inconveniens, quod procedatur in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4989 infinitum. Non ergo actus voluntatis imperatur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4990 <p title="I-II q. 17 a. 5 s. c."><a name="34218"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4991 "ref">[34218] Iª-IIae q. 17 a. 5 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4992 omne quod est in potestate nostra, subiacet imperio nostro. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4993 actus voluntatis sunt maxime in potestate nostra, nam omnes actus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4994 nostri intantum dicuntur in potestate nostra esse, inquantum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4995 voluntarii sunt. Ergo actus voluntatis imperantur a nobis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4996 <p title="I-II q. 17 a. 5 co."><a name="34219"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4997 "ref">[34219] Iª-IIae q. 17 a. 5 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4998 dicendum quod, sicut dictum est, imperium nihil aliud est quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4999 actus rationis ordinantis, cum quadam motione, aliquid ad agendum.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5000 Manifestum est autem quod ratio potest ordinare de actu voluntatis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5001 sicut enim potest iudicare quod bonum sit aliquid velle, ita potest
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5002 ordinare imperando quod homo velit. Ex quo patet quod actus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5003 voluntatis potest esse imperatus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5004 <p title="I-II q. 17 a. 5 ad 1"><a name="34220"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5005 "ref">[34220] Iª-IIae q. 17 a. 5 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5006 ergo dicendum quod, sicut Augustinus ibidem dicit, animus, quando
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5007 perfecte imperat sibi ut velit, tunc iam vult, sed quod aliquando
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5008 imperet et non velit, hoc contingit ex hoc quod non perfecte
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5009 imperat. Imperfectum autem imperium contingit ex hoc, quod ratio ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5010 diversis partibus movetur ad imperandum vel non imperandum, unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5011 fluctuat inter duo, et non perfecte imperat.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5012 <p title="I-II q. 17 a. 5 ad 2"><a name="34221"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5013 "ref">[34221] Iª-IIae q. 17 a. 5 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5014 dicendum quod, sicut in membris corporalibus quodlibet membrum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5015 operatur non sibi soli, sed toti corpori, ut oculus videt toti
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5016 corpori; ita etiam est in potentiis animae. Nam intellectus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5017 intelligit non solum sibi, sed omnibus potentiis; et voluntas vult
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5018 non solum sibi, sed omnibus potentiis. Et ideo homo imperat sibi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5019 ipsi actum voluntatis, inquantum est intelligens et volens.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5020 <p title="I-II q. 17 a. 5 ad 3"><a name="34222"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5021 "ref">[34222] Iª-IIae q. 17 a. 5 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5022 dicendum quod, cum imperium sit actus rationis, ille actus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5023 imperatur, qui rationi subditur. Primus autem voluntatis actus non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5024 est ex rationis ordinatione, sed ex instinctu naturae, aut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5025 superioris causae, ut supra dictum est. Et ideo non oportet quod in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5026 infinitum procedatur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5027 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5028 <div class="E">Articulus 6</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5029 <p title="I-II q. 17 a. 6 arg. 1"><a name="34223"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5030 "ref">[34223] Iª-IIae q. 17 a. 6 arg. 1</span></a> Ad sextum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5031 sic proceditur. Videtur quod actus rationis non possit esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5032 imperatus. Inconveniens enim videtur quod aliquid imperet sibi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5033 ipsi. Sed ratio est quae imperat, ut supra dictum est. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5034 rationis actus non imperatur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5035 <p title="I-II q. 17 a. 6 arg. 2"><a name="34224"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5036 "ref">[34224] Iª-IIae q. 17 a. 6 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5037 id quod est per essentiam, diversum est ab eo quod est per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5038 participationem. Sed potentia cuius actus imperatur a ratione, est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5039 ratio per participationem, ut dicitur in I Ethic. Ergo illius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5040 potentiae actus non imperatur, quae est ratio per essentiam.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5041 <p title="I-II q. 17 a. 6 arg. 3"><a name="34225"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5042 "ref">[34225] Iª-IIae q. 17 a. 6 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5043 ille actus imperatur, qui est in potestate nostra. Sed cognoscere
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5044 et iudicare verum, quod est actus rationis, non est semper in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5045 potestate nostra. Non ergo actus rationis potest esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5046 imperatus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5047 <p title="I-II q. 17 a. 6 s. c."><a name="34226"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5048 "ref">[34226] Iª-IIae q. 17 a. 6 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5049 id quod libero arbitrio agimus, nostro imperio agi potest. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5050 actus rationis exercentur per liberum arbitrium, dicit enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5051 Damascenus quod <i>libero arbitrio homo exquirit, et scrutatur, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5052 iudicat, et disponit</i>. Ergo actus rationis possunt esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5053 imperati.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5054 <p title="I-II q. 17 a. 6 co."><a name="34227"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5055 "ref">[34227] Iª-IIae q. 17 a. 6 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5056 dicendum quod, quia ratio supra seipsam reflectitur, sicut ordinat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5057 de actibus aliarum potentiarum, ita etiam potest ordinare de actu
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5058 suo. Unde etiam actus suus potest esse imperatus. Sed attendendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5059 est quod actus rationis potest considerari dupliciter. Uno modo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5060 quantum ad exercitium actus. Et sic actus rationis semper imperari
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5061 potest, sicut cum indicitur alicui quod attendat, et ratione
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5062 utatur. Alio modo, quantum ad obiectum, respectu cuius, duo actus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5063 rationis attenduntur. Primo quidem, ut veritatem circa aliquid
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5064 apprehendat. Et hoc non est in potestate nostra, hoc enim contingit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5065 per virtutem alicuius luminis, vel naturalis vel supernaturalis. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5066 ideo quantum ad hoc, actus rationis non est in potestate nostra,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5067 nec imperari potest. Alius autem actus rationis est, dum his quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5068 apprehendit assentit. Si igitur fuerint talia apprehensa, quibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5069 naturaliter intellectus assentiat, sicut prima principia, assensus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5070 talium vel dissensus non est in potestate nostra, sed in ordine
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5071 naturae, et ideo, proprie loquendo, nec imperio subiacet. Sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5072 autem quaedam apprehensa, quae non adeo convincunt intellectum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5073 quin possit assentire vel dissentire, vel saltem assensum vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5074 dissensum suspendere, propter aliquam causam, et in talibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5075 assensus ipse vel dissensus in potestate nostra est, et sub imperio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5076 cadit.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5077 <p title="I-II q. 17 a. 6 ad 1"><a name="34228"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5078 "ref">[34228] Iª-IIae q. 17 a. 6 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5079 ergo dicendum quod ratio hoc modo imperat sibi ipsi, sicut et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5080 voluntas movet seipsam, ut supra dictum est, inquantum scilicet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5081 utraque potentia reflectitur supra suum actum, et ex uno in aliud
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5082 tendit.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5083 <p title="I-II q. 17 a. 6 ad 2"><a name="34229"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5084 "ref">[34229] Iª-IIae q. 17 a. 6 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5085 dicendum quod, propter diversitatem obiectorum quae actui rationis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5086 subduntur, nihil prohibet rationem seipsam participare, sicut in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5087 cognitione conclusionum participatur cognitio principiorum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5088 <p title="I-II q. 17 a. 6 ad 3"><a name="34230"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5089 "ref">[34230] Iª-IIae q. 17 a. 6 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5090 patet responsio ex dictis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5091 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5092 <div class="E">Articulus 7</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5093 <p title="I-II q. 17 a. 7 arg. 1"><a name="34231"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5094 "ref">[34231] Iª-IIae q. 17 a. 7 arg. 1</span></a> Ad septimum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5095 sic proceditur. Videtur quod actus sensitivi appetitus non sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5096 imperatus. Dicit enim apostolus, Rom. VII, <i>non enim quod volo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5097 bonum, hoc ago</i>, et Glossa exponit quod homo vult non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5098 concupiscere, et tamen concupiscit. Sed concupiscere est actus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5099 appetitus sensitivi. Ergo actus appetitus sensitivi non subditur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5100 imperio nostro.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5101 <p title="I-II q. 17 a. 7 arg. 2"><a name="34232"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5102 "ref">[34232] Iª-IIae q. 17 a. 7 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5103 materia corporalis soli Deo obedit, quantum ad transmutationem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5104 formalem, ut in primo habitum est. Sed actus appetitus sensitivi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5105 habet quandam formalem transmutationem corporis, scilicet calorem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5106 vel frigus. Ergo actus appetitus sensitivi non subditur imperio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5107 humano.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5108 <p title="I-II q. 17 a. 7 arg. 3"><a name="34233"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5109 "ref">[34233] Iª-IIae q. 17 a. 7 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5110 proprium motivum appetitus sensitivi est apprehensum secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5111 sensum vel imaginationem. Sed non est in potestate nostra semper
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5112 quod aliquid apprehendamus sensu vel imaginatione. Ergo actus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5113 appetitus sensitivi non subiacet imperio nostro.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5114 <p title="I-II q. 17 a. 7 s. c."><a name="34234"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5115 "ref">[34234] Iª-IIae q. 17 a. 7 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5116 est quod Gregorius Nyssenus dicit, quod <i>obediens rationi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5117 dividitur in duo, in desiderativum et irascitivum</i>, quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5118 pertinent ad appetitum sensitivum. Ergo actus appetitus sensitivi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5119 subiacet imperio rationis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5120 <p title="I-II q. 17 a. 7 co."><a name="34235"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5121 "ref">[34235] Iª-IIae q. 17 a. 7 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5122 dicendum quod secundum hoc aliquis actus imperio nostro subiacet,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5123 prout est in potestate nostra, ut supra dictum est. Et ideo ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5124 intelligendum qualiter actus appetitus sensitivi subdatur imperio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5125 rationis, oportet considerare qualiter sit in potestate nostra. Est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5126 autem sciendum quod appetitus sensitivus in hoc differt ab appetitu
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5127 intellectivo, qui dicitur voluntas, quod appetitus sensitivus est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5128 virtus organi corporalis, non autem voluntas. Omnis autem actus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5129 virtutis utentis organo corporali, dependet non solum ex potentia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5130 animae, sed etiam ex corporalis organi dispositione, sicut visio ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5131 potentia visiva, et qualitate oculi, per quam iuvatur vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5132 impeditur. Unde et actus appetitus sensitivi non solum dependet ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5133 vi appetitiva, sed etiam ex dispositione corporis. Illud autem quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5134 est ex parte potentiae animae, sequitur apprehensionem. Apprehensio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5135 autem imaginationis, cum sit particularis, regulatur ab
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5136 apprehensione rationis, quae est universalis, sicut virtus activa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5137 particularis a virtute activa universali. Et ideo ex ista parte,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5138 actus appetitus sensitivi subiacet imperio rationis. Qualitas autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5139 et dispositio corporis non subiacet imperio rationis. Et ideo ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5140 hac parte, impeditur quin motus sensitivi appetitus totaliter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5141 subdatur imperio rationis. Contingit etiam quandoque quod motus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5142 appetitus sensitivi subito concitatur ad apprehensionem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5143 imaginationis vel sensus. Et tunc ille motus est praeter imperium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5144 rationis, quamvis potuisset impediri a ratione, si praevidisset.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5145 Unde philosophus dicit, in I Polit., quod ratio praeest irascibili
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5146 et concupiscibili non principatu despotico, qui est domini ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5147 servum; sed principatu politico aut regali, qui est ad liberos, qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5148 non totaliter subduntur imperio.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5149 <p title="I-II q. 17 a. 7 ad 1"><a name="34236"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5150 "ref">[34236] Iª-IIae q. 17 a. 7 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5151 ergo dicendum quod hoc quod homo vult non concupiscere, et tamen
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5152 concupiscit, contingit ex dispositione corporis, per quam impeditur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5153 appetitus sensitivus ne totaliter sequatur imperium rationis. Unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5154 et apostolus ibidem subdit, <i>video aliam legem in membris meis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5155 repugnantem legi mentis meae</i>. Hoc etiam contingit propter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5156 subitum motum concupiscentiae, ut dictum est.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5157 <p title="I-II q. 17 a. 7 ad 2"><a name="34237"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5158 "ref">[34237] Iª-IIae q. 17 a. 7 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5159 dicendum quod qualitas corporalis dupliciter se habet ad actum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5160 appetitus sensitivi. Uno modo, ut praecedens, prout aliquis est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5161 aliqualiter dispositus secundum corpus, ad hanc vel illam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5162 passionem. Alio modo, ut consequens, sicut cum ex ira aliquis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5163 incalescit. Qualitas igitur praecedens non subiacet imperio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5164 rationis, quia vel est ex natura, vel ex aliqua praecedenti
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5165 motione, quae non statim quiescere potest. Sed qualitas consequens
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5166 sequitur imperium rationis, quia sequitur motum localem cordis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5167 quod diversimode movetur secundum diversos actus sensitivi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5168 appetitus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5169 <p title="I-II q. 17 a. 7 ad 3"><a name="34238"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5170 "ref">[34238] Iª-IIae q. 17 a. 7 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5171 dicendum quod, quia ad apprehensionem sensus requiritur sensibile
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5172 exterius, non est in potestate nostra apprehendere aliquid sensu,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5173 nisi sensibili praesente; cuius praesentia non semper est in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5174 potestate nostra. Tunc enim homo potest uti sensu cum voluerit,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5175 nisi sit impedimentum ex parte organi. Apprehensio autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5176 imaginationis subiacet ordinationi rationis, secundum modum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5177 virtutis vel debilitatis imaginativae potentiae. Quod enim homo non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5178 possit imaginari quae ratio considerat, contingit vel ex hoc quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5179 non sunt imaginabilia, sicut incorporalia; vel propter debilitatem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5180 virtutis imaginativae, quae est ex aliqua indispositione
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5181 organi.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5182 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5183 <div class="E">Articulus 8</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5184 <p title="I-II q. 17 a. 8 arg. 1"><a name="34239"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5185 "ref">[34239] Iª-IIae q. 17 a. 8 arg. 1</span></a> Ad octavum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5186 sic proceditur. Videtur quod actus vegetabilis animae imperio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5187 rationis subdantur. Vires enim sensitivae nobiliores sunt viribus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5188 animae vegetabilis. Sed vires animae sensitivae subduntur imperio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5189 rationis. Ergo multo magis vires animae vegetabilis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5190 <p title="I-II q. 17 a. 8 arg. 2"><a name="34240"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5191 "ref">[34240] Iª-IIae q. 17 a. 8 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5192 homo dicitur minor mundus, quia sic est anima in corpore, sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5193 Deus in mundo. Sed Deus sic est in mundo, quod omnia quae sunt in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5194 mundo, obediunt eius imperio. Ergo et omnia quae sunt in homine,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5195 obediunt imperio rationis, etiam vires vegetabilis animae.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5196 <p title="I-II q. 17 a. 8 arg. 3"><a name="34241"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5197 "ref">[34241] Iª-IIae q. 17 a. 8 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5198 laus et vituperium non contingit nisi in actibus qui subduntur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5199 imperio rationis. Sed in actibus nutritivae et generativae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5200 potentiae, contingit esse laudem et vituperium, et virtutem et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5201 vitium, sicut patet in gula et luxuria, et virtutibus oppositis.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5202 Ergo actus harum potentiarum subduntur imperio rationis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5203 <p title="I-II q. 17 a. 8 s. c."><a name="34242"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5204 "ref">[34242] Iª-IIae q. 17 a. 8 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5205 est quod Gregorius Nyssenus dicit, quod <i>id quod non persuadetur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5206 a ratione, est nutritivum et generativum</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5207 <p title="I-II q. 17 a. 8 co."><a name="34243"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5208 "ref">[34243] Iª-IIae q. 17 a. 8 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5209 dicendum quod actuum quidam procedunt ex appetitu naturali, quidam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5210 autem ex appetitu animali vel intellectuali, omne enim agens aliquo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5211 modo appetit finem. Appetitus autem naturalis non consequitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5212 aliquam apprehensionem, sicut sequitur appetitus animalis et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5213 intellectualis. Ratio autem imperat per modum apprehensivae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5214 virtutis. Et ideo actus illi qui procedunt ab appetitu intellectivo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5215 vel animali, possunt a ratione imperari, non autem actus illi qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5216 procedunt ex appetitu naturali. Huiusmodi autem sunt actus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5217 vegetabilis animae, unde Gregorius Nyssenus dicit quod vocatur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5218 naturale quod generativum et nutritivum. Et propter hoc, actus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5219 vegetabilis animae non subduntur imperio rationis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5220 <p title="I-II q. 17 a. 8 ad 1"><a name="34244"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5221 "ref">[34244] Iª-IIae q. 17 a. 8 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5222 ergo dicendum quod, quanto aliquis actus est immaterialior, tanto
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5223 est nobilior, et magis subditus imperio rationis. Unde ex hoc ipso
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5224 quod vires animae vegetabilis non obediunt rationi, apparet has
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5225 vires infimas esse.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5226 <p title="I-II q. 17 a. 8 ad 2"><a name="34245"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5227 "ref">[34245] Iª-IIae q. 17 a. 8 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5228 dicendum quod similitudo attenditur quantum ad aliquid, quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5229 scilicet, sicut Deus movet mundum, ita anima movet corpus. Non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5230 autem quantum ad omnia, non enim anima creavit corpus ex nihilo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5231 sicut Deus mundum; propter quod totaliter subditur eius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5232 imperio.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5233 <p title="I-II q. 17 a. 8 ad 3"><a name="34246"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5234 "ref">[34246] Iª-IIae q. 17 a. 8 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5235 dicendum quod virtus et vitium, laus et vituperium, non debentur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5236 ipsis actibus nutritivae vel generativae potentiae, qui sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5237 digestio et formatio corporis humani; sed actibus sensitivae partis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5238 ordinatis ad actus generativae vel nutritivae; puta in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5239 concupiscendo delectationem cibi et venereorum, et utendo, secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5240 quod oportet, vel non secundum quod oportet.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5241 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5242 <div class="E">Articulus 9</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5243 <p title="I-II q. 17 a. 9 arg. 1"><a name="34247"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5244 "ref">[34247] Iª-IIae q. 17 a. 9 arg. 1</span></a> Ad nonum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5245 sic proceditur. Videtur quod membra corporis non obediant rationi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5246 quantum ad actus suos. Constat enim quod membra corporis magis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5247 distant a ratione quam vires animae vegetabilis. Sed vires animae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5248 vegetabilis non obediunt rationi, ut dictum est. Ergo multo minus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5249 membra corporis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5250 <p title="I-II q. 17 a. 9 arg. 2"><a name="34248"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5251 "ref">[34248] Iª-IIae q. 17 a. 9 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5252 cor est principium motus animalis. Sed motus cordis non subditur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5253 imperio rationis, dicit enim Gregorius Nyssenus quod <i>pulsativum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5254 non est persuasibile ratione</i>. Ergo motus membrorum corporalium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5255 non subiacet imperio rationis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5256 <p title="I-II q. 17 a. 9 arg. 3"><a name="34249"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5257 "ref">[34249] Iª-IIae q. 17 a. 9 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5258 Augustinus dicit, XIV de Civ. Dei, quod <i>motus membrorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5259 genitalium aliquando importunus est, nullo poscente, aliquando
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5260 autem destituit inhiantem, et cum in animo concupiscentia ferveat,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5261 friget in corpore</i>. Ergo motus membrorum non obediunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5262 rationi.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5263 <p title="I-II q. 17 a. 9 s. c."><a name="34250"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5264 "ref">[34250] Iª-IIae q. 17 a. 9 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5265 est quod Augustinus dicit, VIII Confess., <i>imperat animus ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5266 moveatur manus, et tanta est facilitas, ut vix a servitio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5267 discernatur imperium</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5268 <p title="I-II q. 17 a. 9 co."><a name="34251"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5269 "ref">[34251] Iª-IIae q. 17 a. 9 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5270 dicendum quod membra corporis sunt organa quaedam potentiarum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5271 animae. Unde eo modo quo potentiae animae se habent ad hoc quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5272 obediant rationi, hoc modo se habent etiam corporis membra. Quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5273 igitur vires sensitivae subduntur imperio rationis, non autem vires
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5274 naturales; ideo omnes motus membrorum quae moventur a potentiis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5275 sensitivis, subduntur imperio rationis; motus autem membrorum qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5276 consequuntur vires naturales, non subduntur imperio rationis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5277 <p title="I-II q. 17 a. 9 ad 1"><a name="34252"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5278 "ref">[34252] Iª-IIae q. 17 a. 9 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5279 ergo dicendum quod membra non movent seipsa, sed moventur per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5280 potentias animae; quarum quaedam sunt rationi viciniores quam vires
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5281 animae vegetabilis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5282 <p title="I-II q. 17 a. 9 ad 2"><a name="34253"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5283 "ref">[34253] Iª-IIae q. 17 a. 9 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5284 dicendum quod in his quae ad intellectum et voluntatem pertinent,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5285 primum invenitur id quod est secundum naturam, ex quo alia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5286 derivantur, ut a cognitione principiorum naturaliter notorum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5287 cognitio conclusionum; et a voluntate finis naturaliter desiderati,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5288 derivatur electio eorum quae sunt ad finem. Ita etiam in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5289 corporalibus motibus principium est secundum naturam. Principium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5290 autem corporalis motus est a motu cordis. Unde motus cordis est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5291 secundum naturam, et non secundum voluntatem, consequitur enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5292 sicut per se accidens vitam, quae est ex unione animae et corporis.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5293 Sicut motus gravium et levium consequitur formam substantialem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5294 ipsorum, unde et a generante moveri dicuntur, secundum philosophum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5295 in VIII Physic. Et propter hoc motus iste vitalis dicitur. Unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5296 Gregorius Nyssenus dicit quod sicut generativum et nutritivum non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5297 obedit rationi, ita nec pulsativum, quod est vitale. Pulsativum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5298 autem appellat motum cordis, qui manifestatur per venas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5299 pulsatiles.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5300 <p title="I-II q. 17 a. 9 ad 3"><a name="34254"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5301 "ref">[34254] Iª-IIae q. 17 a. 9 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5302 dicendum quod, sicut Augustinus dicit in XIV de Civ. Dei, hoc quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5303 motus genitalium membrorum rationi non obedit, est ex poena
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5304 peccati, ut scilicet anima suae inobedientiae ad Deum in illo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5305 praecipue membro poenam inobedientiae patiatur, per quod peccatum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5306 originale ad posteros traducitur. Sed quia per peccatum primi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5307 parentis, ut infra dicetur, natura est sibi relicta, subtracto
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5308 supernaturali dono quod homini divinitus erat collatum; ideo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5309 consideranda est ratio naturalis quare motus huiusmodi membrorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5310 specialiter rationi non obedit. Cuius causam assignat Aristoteles
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5311 in libro de causis motus animalium, dicens involuntarios esse motus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5312 cordis et membri pudendi, quia scilicet ex aliqua apprehensione
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5313 huiusmodi membra commoventur, inquantum scilicet intellectus et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5314 phantasia repraesentant aliqua ex quibus consequuntur passiones
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5315 animae, ad quas consequitur motus horum membrorum. Non tamen
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5316 moventur secundum iussum rationis aut intellectus, quia scilicet ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5317 motum horum membrorum requiritur aliqua alteratio naturalis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5318 scilicet caliditatis et frigiditatis, quae quidem alteratio non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5319 subiacet imperio rationis. Specialiter autem hoc accidit in his
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5320 duobus membris, quia utrumque istorum membrorum est quasi quoddam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5321 animal separatum, inquantum est principium vitae, principium autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5322 est virtute totum. Cor enim principium est sensuum, et ex membro
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5323 genitali virtus exit seminalis, quae est virtute totum animal. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5324 ideo habent proprios motus naturaliter, quia principia oportet esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5325 naturalia, ut dictum est.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5326 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5327 <div class="D">Quaestio 18</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5328 <div class="G">Prooemium</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5329 <p title="I-II q. 18 pr."><a name="34255"><span class="ref">[34255]
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5330 Iª-IIae q. 18 pr.</span></a> Post hoc considerandum est de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5331 bonitate et malitia humanorum actuum. Et primo, quomodo actio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5332 humana sit bona vel mala; secundo, de his quae consequuntur ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5333 bonitatem vel malitiam humanorum actuum, puta meritum vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5334 demeritum, peccatum et culpa. Circa primum occurrit triplex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5335 consideratio, prima est de bonitate et malitia humanorum actuum in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5336 generali; secunda, de bonitate et malitia interiorum actuum;
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5337 tertia, de bonitate et malitia exteriorum actuum. Circa primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5338 quaeruntur undecim. Primo, utrum omnis actio sit bona, vel aliqua
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5339 sit mala. Secundo, utrum actio hominis habeat quod sit bona vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5340 mala, ex obiecto. Tertio, utrum hoc habeat ex circumstantia.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5341 Quarto, utrum hoc habeat ex fine. Quinto, utrum aliqua actio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5342 hominis sit bona vel mala in sua specie. Sexto, utrum actus habeat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5343 speciem boni vel mali ex fine. Septimo, utrum species quae est ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5344 fine, contineatur sub specie quae est ex obiecto, sicut sub genere,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5345 aut e converso. Octavo, utrum sit aliquis actus indifferens
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5346 secundum suam speciem. Nono, utrum aliquis actus sit indifferens
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5347 secundum individuum. Decimo, utrum aliqua circumstantia constituat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5348 actum moralem in specie boni vel mali. Undecimo, utrum omnis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5349 circumstantia augens bonitatem vel malitiam, constituat actum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5350 moralem in specie boni vel mali.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5351 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5352 <div class="E">Articulus 1</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5353 <p title="I-II q. 18 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="34256"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5354 "ref">[34256] Iª-IIae q. 18 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5355 sic proceditur. Videtur quod omnis actio hominis sit bona, et nulla
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5356 sit mala. Dicit enim Dionysius, IV cap. de Div. Nom., quod malum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5357 non agit nisi virtute boni. Sed virtute boni non fit malum. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5358 nulla actio est mala.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5359 <p title="I-II q. 18 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="34257"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5360 "ref">[34257] Iª-IIae q. 18 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5361 nihil agit nisi secundum quod est actu. Non est autem aliquid malum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5362 secundum quod est actu, sed secundum quod potentia privatur actu,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5363 inquantum autem potentia perficitur per actum, est bonum, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5364 dicitur in IX Metaphys. Nihil ergo agit inquantum est malum, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5365 solum inquantum est bonum. Omnis ergo actio est bona, et nulla
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5366 mala.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5367 <p title="I-II q. 18 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="34258"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5368 "ref">[34258] Iª-IIae q. 18 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5369 malum non potest esse causa nisi per accidens, ut patet per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5370 Dionysium, IV cap. de Div. Nom. Sed omnis actionis est aliquis per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5371 se effectus. Nulla ergo actio est mala, sed omnis actio est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5372 bona.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5373 <p title="I-II q. 18 a. 1 s. c."><a name="34259"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5374 "ref">[34259] Iª-IIae q. 18 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5375 est quod dominus dicit, Ioan. III, <i>omnis qui male agit, odit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5376 lucem</i>. Est ergo aliqua actio hominis mala.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5377 <p title="I-II q. 18 a. 1 co."><a name="34260"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5378 "ref">[34260] Iª-IIae q. 18 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5379 dicendum quod de bono et malo in actionibus oportet loqui sicut de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5380 bono et malo in rebus, eo quod unaquaeque res talem actionem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5381 producit, qualis est ipsa. In rebus autem unumquodque tantum habet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5382 de bono, quantum habet de esse, bonum enim et ens convertuntur, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5383 in primo dictum est. Solus autem Deus habet totam plenitudinem sui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5384 esse secundum aliquid unum et simplex, unaquaeque vero res alia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5385 habet plenitudinem essendi sibi convenientem secundum diversa. Unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5386 in aliquibus contingit quod quantum ad aliquid habent esse, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5387 tamen eis aliquid deficit ad plenitudinem essendi eis debitam.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5388 Sicut ad plenitudinem esse humani requiritur quod sit quoddam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5389 compositum ex anima et corpore, habens omnes potentias et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5390 instrumenta cognitionis et motus, unde si aliquid horum deficiat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5391 alicui homini deficit ei aliquid de plenitudine sui esse. Quantum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5392 igitur habet de esse, tantum habet de bonitate, inquantum vero
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5393 aliquid ei deficit de plenitudine essendi, intantum deficit a
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5394 bonitate, et dicitur malum, sicut homo caecus habet de bonitate
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5395 quod vivit, et malum est ei quod caret visu. Si vero nihil haberet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5396 de entitate vel bonitate, neque malum neque bonum dici posset. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5397 quia de ratione boni est ipsa plenitudo essendi, si quidem alicui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5398 aliquid defuerit de debita essendi plenitudine, non dicetur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5399 simpliciter bonum, sed secundum quid, inquantum est ens, poterit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5400 tamen dici simpliciter ens et secundum quid non ens, ut in primo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5401 dictum est. Sic igitur dicendum est quod omnis actio, inquantum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5402 habet aliquid de esse, intantum habet de bonitate, inquantum vero
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5403 deficit ei aliquid de plenitudine essendi quae debetur actioni
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5404 humanae, intantum deficit a bonitate, et sic dicitur mala, puta si
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5405 deficiat ei vel determinata quantitas secundum rationem, vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5406 debitus locus, vel aliquid huiusmodi.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5407 <p title="I-II q. 18 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="34261"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5408 "ref">[34261] Iª-IIae q. 18 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5409 ergo dicendum quod malum agit in virtute boni deficientis. Si enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5410 nihil esset ibi de bono, neque esset ens, neque agere posset. Si
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5411 autem non esset deficiens, non esset malum. Unde et actio causata
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5412 est quoddam bonum deficiens, quod secundum quid est bonum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5413 simpliciter autem malum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5414 <p title="I-II q. 18 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="34262"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5415 "ref">[34262] Iª-IIae q. 18 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5416 dicendum quod nihil prohibet aliquid esse secundum quid in actu,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5417 unde agere possit; et secundum aliud privari actu, unde causet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5418 deficientem actionem. Sicut homo caecus actu habet virtutem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5419 gressivam, per quam ambulare potest, sed inquantum caret visu, qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5420 dirigit in ambulando, patitur defectum in ambulando, dum ambulat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5421 cespitando.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5422 <p title="I-II q. 18 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="34263"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5423 "ref">[34263] Iª-IIae q. 18 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5424 dicendum quod actio mala potest habere aliquem effectum per se,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5425 secundum id quod habet de bonitate et entitate. Sicut adulterium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5426 est causa generationis humanae, inquantum habet commixtionem maris
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5427 et feminae, non autem inquantum caret ordine rationis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5428 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5429 <div class="E">Articulus 2</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5430 <p title="I-II q. 18 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="34264"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5431 "ref">[34264] Iª-IIae q. 18 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5432 sic proceditur. Videtur quod actio non habeat bonitatem vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5433 malitiam ex obiecto. Obiectum enim actionis est res. In rebus autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5434 non est malum, sed in usu peccantium, ut Augustinus dicit in libro
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5435 III de Doct. Christ. Ergo actio humana non habet bonitatem vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5436 malitiam ex obiecto.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5437 <p title="I-II q. 18 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="34265"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5438 "ref">[34265] Iª-IIae q. 18 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5439 obiectum comparatur ad actionem ut materia. Bonitas autem rei non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5440 est ex materia, sed magis ex forma, quae est actus. Ergo bonum et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5441 malum non est in actibus ex obiecto.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5442 <p title="I-II q. 18 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="34266"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5443 "ref">[34266] Iª-IIae q. 18 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5444 obiectum potentiae activae comparatur ad actionem sicut effectus ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5445 causam. Sed bonitas causae non dependet ex effectu, sed magis e
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5446 converso. Ergo actio humana non habet bonitatem vel malitiam ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5447 obiecto.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5448 <p title="I-II q. 18 a. 2 s. c."><a name="34267"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5449 "ref">[34267] Iª-IIae q. 18 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5450 est quod dicitur Osee IX, <i>facti sunt abominabiles, sicut ea quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5451 dilexerunt</i>. Fit autem homo Deo abominabilis propter malitiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5452 suae operationis. Ergo malitia operationis est secundum obiecta
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5453 mala quae homo diligit. Et eadem ratio est de bonitate
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5454 actionis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5455 <p title="I-II q. 18 a. 2 co."><a name="34268"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5456 "ref">[34268] Iª-IIae q. 18 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5457 dicendum quod, sicut dictum est, bonum et malum actionis, sicut et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5458 ceterarum rerum, attenditur ex plenitudine essendi vel defectu
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5459 ipsius. Primum autem quod ad plenitudinem essendi pertinere
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5460 videtur, est id quod dat rei speciem. Sicut autem res naturalis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5461 habet speciem ex sua forma, ita actio habet speciem ex obiecto;
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5462 sicut et motus ex termino. Et ideo sicut prima bonitas rei
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5463 naturalis attenditur ex sua forma, quae dat speciem ei, ita et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5464 prima bonitas actus moralis attenditur ex obiecto convenienti; unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5465 et a quibusdam vocatur bonum ex genere; puta, uti re sua. Et sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5466 in rebus naturalibus primum malum est, si res generata non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5467 consequitur formam specificam, puta si non generetur homo, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5468 aliquid loco hominis; ita primum malum in actionibus moralibus est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5469 quod est ex obiecto, sicut accipere aliena. Et dicitur malum ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5470 genere, genere pro specie accepto, eo modo loquendi quo dicimus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5471 humanum genus totam humanam speciem.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5472 <p title="I-II q. 18 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="34269"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5473 "ref">[34269] Iª-IIae q. 18 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5474 ergo dicendum quod, licet res exteriores sint in seipsis bonae,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5475 tamen non semper habent debitam proportionem ad hanc vel illam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5476 actionem. Et ideo inquantum considerantur ut obiecta talium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5477 actionum, non habent rationem boni.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5478 <p title="I-II q. 18 a. 2 ad 2"><a name="34270"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5479 "ref">[34270] Iª-IIae q. 18 a. 2 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5480 dicendum quod obiectum non est materia ex qua, sed materia circa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5481 quam, et habet quodammodo rationem formae, inquantum dat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5482 speciem.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5483 <p title="I-II q. 18 a. 2 ad 3"><a name="34271"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5484 "ref">[34271] Iª-IIae q. 18 a. 2 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5485 dicendum quod non semper obiectum actionis humanae est obiectum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5486 activae potentiae. Nam appetitiva potentia est quodammodo passiva,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5487 inquantum movetur ab appetibili, et tamen est principium humanorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5488 actuum. Neque etiam potentiarum activarum obiecta semper habent
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5489 rationem effectus, sed quando iam sunt transmutata, sicut alimentum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5490 transmutatum est effectus nutritivae potentiae, sed alimentum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5491 nondum transmutatum comparatur ad potentiam nutritivam sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5492 materia circa quam operatur. Ex hoc autem quod obiectum est aliquo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5493 modo effectus potentiae activae, sequitur quod sit terminus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5494 actionis eius, et per consequens quod det ei formam et speciem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5495 motus enim habet speciem a terminis. Et quamvis etiam bonitas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5496 actionis non causetur ex bonitate effectus, tamen ex hoc dicitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5497 actio bona, quod bonum effectum inducere potest. Et ita ipsa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5498 proportio actionis ad effectum, est ratio bonitatis ipsius.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5499 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5500 <div class="E">Articulus 3</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5501 <p title="I-II q. 18 a. 3 arg. 1"><a name="34272"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5502 "ref">[34272] Iª-IIae q. 18 a. 3 arg. 1</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5503 sic proceditur. Videtur quod actio non sit bona vel mala ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5504 circumstantia. Circumstantiae enim circumstant actum sicut extra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5505 ipsum existentes, ut dictum est. Sed bonum et malum sunt in ipsis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5506 rebus, ut dicitur in VI Metaphys. Ergo actio non habet bonitatem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5507 vel malitiam ex circumstantia.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5508 <p title="I-II q. 18 a. 3 arg. 2"><a name="34273"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5509 "ref">[34273] Iª-IIae q. 18 a. 3 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5510 bonitas vel malitia actus maxime consideratur in doctrina morum.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5511 Sed circumstantiae, cum sint quaedam accidentia actuum, videntur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5512 esse praeter considerationem artis, quia nulla ars considerat id
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5513 quod est per accidens, ut dicitur in VI Metaphys. Ergo bonitas vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5514 malitia actionis non est ex circumstantia.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5515 <p title="I-II q. 18 a. 3 arg. 3"><a name="34274"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5516 "ref">[34274] Iª-IIae q. 18 a. 3 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5517 id quod convenit alicui secundum suam substantiam, non attribuitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5518 ei per aliquod accidens. Sed bonum et malum convenit actioni
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5519 secundum suam substantiam, quia actio ex suo genere potest esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5520 bona vel mala, ut dictum est. Ergo non convenit actioni ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5521 circumstantia quod sit bona vel mala.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5522 <p title="I-II q. 18 a. 3 s. c."><a name="34275"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5523 "ref">[34275] Iª-IIae q. 18 a. 3 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5524 est quod philosophus dicit, in libro Ethic., quod <i>virtuosus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5525 operatur secundum quod oportet, et quando oportet, et secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5526 alias circumstantias</i>. Ergo ex contrario vitiosus, secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5527 unumquodque vitium, operatur quando non oportet, ubi non oportet,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5528 et sic de aliis circumstantiis. Ergo actiones humanae secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5529 circumstantias sunt bonae vel malae.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5530 <p title="I-II q. 18 a. 3 co."><a name="34276"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5531 "ref">[34276] Iª-IIae q. 18 a. 3 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5532 dicendum quod in rebus naturalibus non invenitur tota plenitudo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5533 perfectionis quae debetur rei, ex forma substantiali, quae dat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5534 speciem; sed multum superadditur ex supervenientibus accidentibus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5535 sicut in homine ex figura, ex colore, et huiusmodi; quorum si
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5536 aliquod desit ad decentem habitudinem, consequitur malum. Ita etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5537 est in actione. Nam plenitudo bonitatis eius non tota consistit in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5538 sua specie, sed aliquid additur ex his quae adveniunt tanquam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5539 accidentia quaedam. Et huiusmodi sunt circumstantiae debitae. Unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5540 si aliquid desit quod requiratur ad debitas circumstantias, erit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5541 actio mala.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5542 <p title="I-II q. 18 a. 3 ad 1"><a name="34277"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5543 "ref">[34277] Iª-IIae q. 18 a. 3 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5544 ergo dicendum quod circumstantiae sunt extra actionem, inquantum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5545 non sunt de essentia actionis, sunt tamen in ipsa actione velut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5546 quaedam accidentia eius. Sicut et accidentia quae sunt in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5547 substantiis naturalibus, sunt extra essentias earum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5548 <p title="I-II q. 18 a. 3 ad 2"><a name="34278"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5549 "ref">[34278] Iª-IIae q. 18 a. 3 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5550 dicendum quod non omnia accidentia per accidens se habent ad sua
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5551 subiecta, sed quaedam sunt per se accidentia; quae in unaquaque
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5552 arte considerantur. Et per hunc modum considerantur circumstantiae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5553 actuum in doctrina morali.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5554 <p title="I-II q. 18 a. 3 ad 3"><a name="34279"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5555 "ref">[34279] Iª-IIae q. 18 a. 3 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5556 dicendum quod, cum bonum convertatur cum ente, sicut ens dicitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5557 secundum substantiam et secundum accidens, ita et bonum attribuitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5558 alicui et secundum esse suum essentiale, et secundum esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5559 accidentale, tam in rebus naturalibus, quam in actionibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5560 moralibus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5561 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5562 <div class="E">Articulus 4</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5563 <p title="I-II q. 18 a. 4 arg. 1"><a name="34280"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5564 "ref">[34280] Iª-IIae q. 18 a. 4 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quartum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5565 sic proceditur. Videtur quod bonum et malum in actibus humanis non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5566 sint ex fine. Dicit enim Dionysius, IV cap. de Div. Nom., quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5567 <i>nihil respiciens ad malum operatur</i>. Si igitur ex fine
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5568 derivaretur operatio bona vel mala, nulla actio esset mala. Quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5569 patet esse falsum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5570 <p title="I-II q. 18 a. 4 arg. 2"><a name="34281"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5571 "ref">[34281] Iª-IIae q. 18 a. 4 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5572 bonitas actus est aliquid in ipso existens. Finis autem est causa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5573 extrinseca. Non ergo secundum finem dicitur actio bona vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5574 mala.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5575 <p title="I-II q. 18 a. 4 arg. 3"><a name="34282"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5576 "ref">[34282] Iª-IIae q. 18 a. 4 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5577 contingit aliquam bonam operationem ad malum finem ordinari, sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5578 cum aliquis dat eleemosynam propter inanem gloriam, et e converso
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5579 aliquam malam operationem ordinari ad bonum finem, sicut cum quis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5580 furatur ut det pauperi. Non ergo est ex fine actio bona vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5581 mala.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5582 <p title="I-II q. 18 a. 4 s. c."><a name="34283"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5583 "ref">[34283] Iª-IIae q. 18 a. 4 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5584 est quod Boetius dicit, in Topic., quod <i>cuius finis bonus est,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5585 ipsum quoque bonum est, et cuius finis malus est, ipsum quoque
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5586 malum est</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5587 <p title="I-II q. 18 a. 4 co."><a name="34284"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5588 "ref">[34284] Iª-IIae q. 18 a. 4 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5589 dicendum quod eadem est dispositio rerum in bonitate, et in esse.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5590 Sunt enim quaedam quorum esse ex alio non dependet, et in his
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5591 sufficit considerare ipsum eorum esse absolute. Quaedam vero sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5592 quorum esse dependet ab alio, unde oportet quod consideretur per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5593 considerationem ad causam a qua dependet. Sicut autem esse rei
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5594 dependet ab agente et forma, ita bonitas rei dependet a fine. Unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5595 in personis divinis, quae non habent bonitatem dependentem ab alio,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5596 non consideratur aliqua ratio bonitatis ex fine. Actiones autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5597 humanae, et alia quorum bonitas dependet ab alio, habent rationem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5598 bonitatis ex fine a quo dependent, praeter bonitatem absolutam quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5599 in eis existit. Sic igitur in actione humana bonitas quadruplex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5600 considerari potest. Una quidem secundum genus, prout scilicet est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5601 actio, quia quantum habet de actione et entitate, tantum habet de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5602 bonitate, ut dictum est. Alia vero secundum speciem, quae accipitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5603 secundum obiectum conveniens. Tertia secundum circumstantias, quasi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5604 secundum accidentia quaedam. Quarta autem secundum finem, quasi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5605 secundum habitudinem ad causam bonitatis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5606 <p title="I-II q. 18 a. 4 ad 1"><a name="34285"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5607 "ref">[34285] Iª-IIae q. 18 a. 4 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5608 ergo dicendum quod bonum ad quod aliquis respiciens operatur, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5609 semper est verum bonum; sed quandoque verum bonum, et quandoque
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5610 apparens. Et secundum hoc, ex fine sequitur actio mala.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5611 <p title="I-II q. 18 a. 4 ad 2"><a name="34286"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5612 "ref">[34286] Iª-IIae q. 18 a. 4 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5613 dicendum quod, quamvis finis sit causa extrinseca, tamen debita
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5614 proportio ad finem et relatio in ipsum, inhaeret actioni.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5615 <p title="I-II q. 18 a. 4 ad 3"><a name="34287"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5616 "ref">[34287] Iª-IIae q. 18 a. 4 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5617 dicendum quod nihil prohibet actioni habenti unam praedictarum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5618 bonitatum, deesse aliam. Et secundum hoc, contingit actionem quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5619 est bona secundum speciem suam vel secundum circumstantias,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5620 ordinari ad finem malum, et e converso. Non tamen est actio bona
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5621 simpliciter, nisi omnes bonitates concurrant, quia <i>quilibet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5622 singularis defectus causat malum, bonum autem causatur ex integra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5623 causa</i>, ut Dionysius dicit, IV cap. de Div. Nom.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5624 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5625 <div class="E">Articulus 5</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5626 <p title="I-II q. 18 a. 5 arg. 1"><a name="34288"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5627 "ref">[34288] Iª-IIae q. 18 a. 5 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quintum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5628 sic proceditur. Videtur quod actus morales non differant specie
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5629 secundum bonum et malum. Bonum enim et malum in actibus invenitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5630 conformiter rebus, ut dictum est. Sed in rebus bonum et malum non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5631 diversificant speciem, idem enim specie est homo bonus et malus.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5632 Ergo neque etiam bonum et malum in actibus diversificant
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5633 speciem.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5634 <p title="I-II q. 18 a. 5 arg. 2"><a name="34289"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5635 "ref">[34289] Iª-IIae q. 18 a. 5 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5636 malum, cum sit privatio, est quoddam non ens. Sed non ens non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5637 potest esse differentia, secundum philosophum, in III Metaphys. Cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5638 ergo differentia constituat speciem, videtur quod aliquis actus, ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5639 hoc quod est malus, non constituatur in aliqua specie. Et ita bonum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5640 et malum non diversificant speciem humanorum actuum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5641 <p title="I-II q. 18 a. 5 arg. 3"><a name="34290"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5642 "ref">[34290] Iª-IIae q. 18 a. 5 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5643 diversorum actuum secundum speciem, diversi sunt effectus. Sed idem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5644 specie effectus potest consequi ex actu bono et malo, sicut homo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5645 generatur ex adulterio, et ex matrimoniali concubitu. Ergo actus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5646 bonus et malus non differunt specie.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5647 <p title="I-II q. 18 a. 5 arg. 4"><a name="34291"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5648 "ref">[34291] Iª-IIae q. 18 a. 5 arg. 4</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5649 bonum et malum dicitur in actibus quandoque secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5650 circumstantiam, ut dictum est. Sed circumstantia, cum sit accidens,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5651 non dat speciem actui. Ergo actus humani non differunt specie
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5652 propter bonitatem et malitiam.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5653 <p title="I-II q. 18 a. 5 s. c."><a name="34292"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5654 "ref">[34292] Iª-IIae q. 18 a. 5 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5655 secundum philosophum, in II Ethic., <i>similes habitus similes
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5656 actus reddunt</i>. Sed habitus bonus et malus differunt specie, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5657 liberalitas et prodigalitas. Ergo et actus bonus et malus differunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5658 specie.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5659 <p title="I-II q. 18 a. 5 co."><a name="34293"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5660 "ref">[34293] Iª-IIae q. 18 a. 5 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5661 dicendum quod omnis actus speciem habet ex suo obiecto, sicut supra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5662 dictum est. Unde oportet quod aliqua differentia obiecti faciat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5663 diversitatem speciei in actibus. Est autem considerandum quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5664 aliqua differentia obiecti facit differentiam speciei in actibus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5665 secundum quod referuntur ad unum principium activum, quod non facit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5666 differentiam in actibus, secundum quod referuntur ad aliud
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5667 principium activum. Quia nihil quod est per accidens, constituit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5668 speciem, sed solum quod est per se, potest autem aliqua differentia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5669 obiecti esse per se in comparatione ad unum activum principium, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5670 per accidens in comparatione ad aliud; sicut cognoscere colorem et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5671 sonum, per se differunt per comparationem ad sensum, non autem per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5672 comparationem ad intellectum. In actibus autem humanis bonum et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5673 malum dicitur per comparationem ad rationem, quia, ut Dionysius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5674 dicit, IV cap. de Div. Nom., bonum hominis est secundum rationem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5675 esse, malum autem quod est praeter rationem. Unicuique enim rei est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5676 bonum quod convenit ei secundum suam formam; et malum quod est ei
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5677 praeter ordinem suae formae. Patet ergo quod differentia boni et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5678 mali circa obiectum considerata, comparatur per se ad rationem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5679 scilicet secundum quod obiectum est ei conveniens vel non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5680 conveniens. Dicuntur autem aliqui actus humani, vel morales,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5681 secundum quod sunt a ratione. Unde manifestum est quod bonum et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5682 malum diversificant speciem in actibus moralibus, differentiae enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5683 per se diversificant speciem.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5684 <p title="I-II q. 18 a. 5 ad 1"><a name="34294"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5685 "ref">[34294] Iª-IIae q. 18 a. 5 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5686 ergo dicendum quod etiam in rebus naturalibus bonum et malum, quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5687 est secundum naturam et contra naturam, diversificant speciem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5688 naturae, corpus enim mortuum et corpus vivum non sunt eiusdem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5689 speciei. Et similiter bonum, inquantum est secundum rationem, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5690 malum, inquantum est praeter rationem, diversificant speciem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5691 moris.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5692 <p title="I-II q. 18 a. 5 ad 2"><a name="34295"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5693 "ref">[34295] Iª-IIae q. 18 a. 5 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5694 dicendum quod malum importat privationem non absolutam, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5695 consequentem talem potentiam. Dicitur enim malus actus secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5696 suam speciem, non ex eo quod nullum habeat obiectum; sed quia habet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5697 obiectum non conveniens rationi, sicut tollere aliena. Unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5698 inquantum obiectum est aliquid positive, potest constituere speciem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5699 mali actus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5700 <p title="I-II q. 18 a. 5 ad 3"><a name="34296"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5701 "ref">[34296] Iª-IIae q. 18 a. 5 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5702 dicendum quod actus coniugalis et adulterium, secundum quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5703 comparantur ad rationem, differunt specie, et habent effectus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5704 specie differentes, quia unum eorum meretur laudem et praemium,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5705 aliud vituperium et poenam. Sed secundum quod comparantur ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5706 potentiam generativam, non differunt specie. Et sic habent unum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5707 effectum secundum speciem.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5708 <p title="I-II q. 18 a. 5 ad 4"><a name="34297"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5709 "ref">[34297] Iª-IIae q. 18 a. 5 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5710 dicendum quod circumstantia quandoque sumitur ut differentia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5711 essentialis obiecti, secundum quod ad rationem comparatur, et tunc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5712 potest dare speciem actui morali. Et hoc oportet esse, quandocumque
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5713 circumstantia transmutat actum de bonitate in malitiam, non enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5714 circumstantia faceret actum malum, nisi per hoc quod rationi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5715 repugnat.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5716 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5717 <div class="E">Articulus 6</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5718 <p title="I-II q. 18 a. 6 arg. 1"><a name="34298"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5719 "ref">[34298] Iª-IIae q. 18 a. 6 arg. 1</span></a> Ad sextum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5720 sic proceditur. Videtur quod bonum et malum quod est ex fine, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5721 diversificent speciem in actibus. Actus enim habent speciem ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5722 obiecto. Sed finis est praeter rationem obiecti. Ergo bonum et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5723 malum quod est ex fine, non diversificant speciem actus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5724 <p title="I-II q. 18 a. 6 arg. 2"><a name="34299"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5725 "ref">[34299] Iª-IIae q. 18 a. 6 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5726 id quod est per accidens, non constituit speciem, ut dictum est.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5727 Sed accidit alicui actui quod ordinetur ad aliquem finem; sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5728 quod aliquis det eleemosynam propter inanem gloriam. Ergo secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5729 bonum et malum quod est ex fine, non diversificantur actus secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5730 speciem.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5731 <p title="I-II q. 18 a. 6 arg. 3"><a name="34300"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5732 "ref">[34300] Iª-IIae q. 18 a. 6 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5733 diversi actus secundum speciem, ad unum finem ordinari possunt,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5734 sicut ad finem inanis gloriae ordinari possunt actus diversarum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5735 virtutum, et diversorum vitiorum. Non ergo bonum et malum quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5736 accipitur secundum finem, diversificat speciem actuum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5737 <p title="I-II q. 18 a. 6 s. c."><a name="34301"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5738 "ref">[34301] Iª-IIae q. 18 a. 6 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5739 est quod supra ostensum est, quod actus humani habent speciem a
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5740 fine. Ergo bonum et malum quod accipitur secundum finem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5741 diversificat speciem actuum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5742 <p title="I-II q. 18 a. 6 co."><a name="34302"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5743 "ref">[34302] Iª-IIae q. 18 a. 6 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5744 dicendum quod aliqui actus dicuntur humani, inquantum sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5745 voluntarii, sicut supra dictum est. In actu autem voluntario
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5746 invenitur duplex actus, scilicet actus interior voluntatis, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5747 actus exterior, et uterque horum actuum habet suum obiectum. Finis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5748 autem proprie est obiectum interioris actus voluntarii, id autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5749 circa quod est actio exterior, est obiectum eius. Sicut igitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5750 actus exterior accipit speciem ab obiecto circa quod est; ita actus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5751 interior voluntatis accipit speciem a fine, sicut a proprio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5752 obiecto. Ita autem quod est ex parte voluntatis, se habet ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5753 formale ad id quod est ex parte exterioris actus, quia voluntas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5754 utitur membris ad agendum, sicut instrumentis; neque actus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5755 exteriores habent rationem moralitatis, nisi inquantum sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5756 voluntarii. Et ideo actus humani species formaliter consideratur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5757 secundum finem, materialiter autem secundum obiectum exterioris
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5758 actus. Unde philosophus dicit, in V Ethic., quod <i>ille qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5759 furatur ut committat adulterium, est, per se loquendo, magis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5760 adulter quam fur</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5761 <p title="I-II q. 18 a. 6 ad 1"><a name="34303"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5762 "ref">[34303] Iª-IIae q. 18 a. 6 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5763 ergo dicendum quod etiam finis habet rationem obiecti, ut dictum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5764 est.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5765 <p title="I-II q. 18 a. 6 ad 2"><a name="34304"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5766 "ref">[34304] Iª-IIae q. 18 a. 6 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5767 dicendum quod ordinari ad talem finem, etsi accidat exteriori
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5768 actui, non tamen accidit actui interiori voluntatis, qui comparatur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5769 ad exteriorem sicut formale ad materiale.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5770 <p title="I-II q. 18 a. 6 ad 3"><a name="34305"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5771 "ref">[34305] Iª-IIae q. 18 a. 6 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5772 dicendum quod quando multi actus specie differentes ordinantur ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5773 unum finem, est quidem diversitas speciei ex parte exteriorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5774 actuum; sed unitas speciei ex parte actus interioris.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5775 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5776 <div class="E">Articulus 7</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5777 <p title="I-II q. 18 a. 7 arg. 1"><a name="34306"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5778 "ref">[34306] Iª-IIae q. 18 a. 7 arg. 1</span></a> Ad septimum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5779 sic proceditur. Videtur quod species bonitatis quae est ex fine,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5780 contineatur sub specie bonitatis quae est ex obiecto, sicut species
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5781 sub genere, puta cum aliquis vult furari ut det eleemosynam. Actus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5782 enim habet speciem ex obiecto, ut dictum est. Sed impossibile est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5783 quod aliquid contineatur in aliqua alia specie, quae sub propria
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5784 specie non continetur, quia idem non potest esse in diversis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5785 speciebus non subalternis. Ergo species quae est ex fine,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5786 continetur sub specie quae est ex obiecto.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5787 <p title="I-II q. 18 a. 7 arg. 2"><a name="34307"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5788 "ref">[34307] Iª-IIae q. 18 a. 7 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5789 semper ultima differentia constituit speciem specialissimam. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5790 differentia quae est ex fine, videtur esse posterior quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5791 differentia quae est ex obiecto, quia finis habet rationem ultimi.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5792 Ergo species quae est ex fine, continetur sub specie quae est ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5793 obiecto, sicut species specialissima.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5794 <p title="I-II q. 18 a. 7 arg. 3"><a name="34308"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5795 "ref">[34308] Iª-IIae q. 18 a. 7 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5796 quanto aliqua differentia est magis formalis, tanto magis est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5797 specialis, quia differentia comparatur ad genus ut forma ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5798 materiam. Sed species quae est ex fine, est formalior ea quae est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5799 ex obiecto, ut dictum est. Ergo species quae est ex fine,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5800 continetur sub specie quae est ex obiecto, sicut species
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5801 specialissima sub genere subalterno.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5802 <p title="I-II q. 18 a. 7 s. c."><a name="34309"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5803 "ref">[34309] Iª-IIae q. 18 a. 7 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5804 cuiuslibet generis sunt determinatae differentiae. Sed actus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5805 eiusdem speciei ex parte obiecti, potest ad infinitos fines
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5806 ordinari, puta furtum ad infinita bona vel mala. Ergo species quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5807 est ex fine, non continetur sub specie quae est ex obiecto, sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5808 sub genere.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5809 <p title="I-II q. 18 a. 7 co."><a name="34310"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5810 "ref">[34310] Iª-IIae q. 18 a. 7 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5811 dicendum quod obiectum exterioris actus dupliciter potest se habere
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5812 ad finem voluntatis, uno modo, sicut per se ordinatum ad ipsum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5813 sicut bene pugnare per se ordinatur ad victoriam; alio modo, per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5814 accidens, sicut accipere rem alienam per accidens ordinatur ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5815 dandum eleemosynam. Oportet autem, ut philosophus dicit in VII
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5816 Metaphys., quod differentiae dividentes aliquod genus, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5817 constituentes speciem illius generis, per se dividant illud. Si
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5818 autem per accidens, non recte procedit divisio, puta si quis dicat,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5819 animalium aliud rationale, aliud irrationale; et animalium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5820 irrationalium aliud alatum, aliud non alatum, alatum enim et non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5821 alatum non sunt per se determinativa eius quod est irrationale.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5822 Oportet autem sic dividere, animalium aliud habens pedes, aliud non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5823 habens pedes; et habentium pedes, aliud habet duos, aliud quatuor,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5824 aliud multos, haec enim per se determinant priorem differentiam.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5825 Sic igitur quando obiectum non est per se ordinatum ad finem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5826 differentia specifica quae est ex obiecto, non est per se
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5827 determinativa eius quae est ex fine, nec e converso. Unde una
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5828 istarum specierum non est sub alia, sed tunc actus moralis est sub
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5829 duabus speciebus quasi disparatis. Unde dicimus quod ille qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5830 furatur ut moechetur, committit duas malitias in uno actu. Si vero
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5831 obiectum per se ordinetur ad finem, una dictarum differentiarum est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5832 per se determinativa alterius. Unde una istarum specierum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5833 continebitur sub altera. Considerandum autem restat quae sub qua.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5834 Ad cuius evidentiam, primo considerandum est quod quanto aliqua
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5835 differentia sumitur a forma magis particulari, tanto magis est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5836 specifica. Secundo, quod quanto agens est magis universale, tanto
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5837 ex eo est forma magis universalis. Tertio, quod quanto aliquis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5838 finis est posterior, tanto respondet agenti universaliori, sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5839 victoria, quae est ultimus finis exercitus, est finis intentus a
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5840 summo duce; ordinatio autem huius aciei vel illius, est finis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5841 intentus ab aliquo inferiorum ducum. Et ex istis sequitur quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5842 differentia specifica quae est ex fine, est magis generalis; et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5843 differentia quae est ex obiecto per se ad talem finem ordinato, est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5844 specifica respectu eius. Voluntas enim, cuius proprium obiectum est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5845 finis, est universale motivum respectu omnium potentiarum animae,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5846 quarum propria obiecta sunt obiecta particularium actuum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5847 <p title="I-II q. 18 a. 7 ad 1"><a name="34311"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5848 "ref">[34311] Iª-IIae q. 18 a. 7 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5849 ergo dicendum quod secundum substantiam suam non potest aliquid
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5850 esse in duabus speciebus, quarum una sub altera non ordinetur. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5851 secundum ea quae rei adveniunt, potest aliquid sub diversis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5852 speciebus contineri. Sicut hoc pomum, secundum colorem, continetur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5853 sub hac specie, scilicet albi, et secundum odorem, sub specie bene
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5854 redolentis. Et similiter actus qui secundum substantiam suam est in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5855 una specie naturae, secundum conditiones morales supervenientes, ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5856 duas species referri potest, ut supra dictum est.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5857 <p title="I-II q. 18 a. 7 ad 2"><a name="34312"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5858 "ref">[34312] Iª-IIae q. 18 a. 7 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5859 dicendum quod finis est postremum in executione; sed est primum in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5860 intentione rationis, secundum quam accipiuntur moralium actuum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5861 species.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5862 <p title="I-II q. 18 a. 7 ad 3"><a name="34313"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5863 "ref">[34313] Iª-IIae q. 18 a. 7 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5864 dicendum quod differentia comparatur ad genus ut forma ad materiam,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5865 inquantum facit esse genus in actu. Sed etiam genus consideratur ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5866 formalius specie, secundum quod est absolutius, et minus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5867 contractum. Unde et partes definitionis reducuntur ad genus causae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5868 formalis, ut dicitur in libro Physic. Et secundum hoc, genus est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5869 causa formalis speciei, et tanto erit formalius, quanto
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5870 communius.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5871 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5872 <div class="E">Articulus 8</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5873 <p title="I-II q. 18 a. 8 arg. 1"><a name="34314"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5874 "ref">[34314] Iª-IIae q. 18 a. 8 arg. 1</span></a> Ad octavum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5875 sic proceditur. Videtur quod non sit aliquis actus indifferens
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5876 secundum suam speciem. Malum enim est privatio boni, secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5877 Augustinum. Sed privatio et habitus sunt opposita immediata,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5878 secundum philosophum. Ergo non est aliquis actus qui secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5879 speciem suam sit indifferens, quasi medium existens inter bonum et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5880 malum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5881 <p title="I-II q. 18 a. 8 arg. 2"><a name="34315"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5882 "ref">[34315] Iª-IIae q. 18 a. 8 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5883 actus humani habent speciem a fine vel obiecto, ut dictum est. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5884 omne obiectum, et omnis finis habet rationem boni vel mali. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5885 omnis actus humanus secundum suam speciem est bonus vel malus.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5886 Nullus ergo est indifferens secundum speciem.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5887 <p title="I-II q. 18 a. 8 arg. 3"><a name="34316"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5888 "ref">[34316] Iª-IIae q. 18 a. 8 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5889 sicut dictum est, actus dicitur bonus, qui habet debitam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5890 perfectionem bonitatis; malus, cui aliquid de hoc deficit. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5891 necesse est quod omnis actus vel habeat totam plenitudinem suae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5892 bonitatis, vel aliquid ei deficiat. Ergo necesse est quod omnis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5893 actus secundum speciem suam sit bonus vel malus, et nullus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5894 indifferens.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5895 <p title="I-II q. 18 a. 8 s. c."><a name="34317"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5896 "ref">[34317] Iª-IIae q. 18 a. 8 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5897 est quod Augustinus dicit, in libro de Serm. Dom. in Mont., quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5898 <i>sunt quaedam facta media, quae possunt bono vel malo animo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5899 fieri, de quibus est temerarium iudicare</i>. Sunt ergo aliqui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5900 actus secundum speciem suam indifferentes.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5901 <p title="I-II q. 18 a. 8 co."><a name="34318"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5902 "ref">[34318] Iª-IIae q. 18 a. 8 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5903 dicendum quod, sicut dictum est, actus omnis habet speciem ab
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5904 obiecto; et actus humanus, qui dicitur moralis, habet speciem ab
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5905 obiecto relato ad principium actuum humanorum, quod est ratio. Unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5906 si obiectum actus includat aliquid quod conveniat ordini rationis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5907 erit actus bonus secundum suam speciem, sicut dare eleemosynam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5908 indigenti. Si autem includat aliquid quod repugnet ordini rationis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5909 erit malus actus secundum speciem, sicut furari, quod est tollere
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5910 aliena. Contingit autem quod obiectum actus non includit aliquid
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5911 pertinens ad ordinem rationis, sicut levare festucam de terra, ire
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5912 ad campum, et huiusmodi, et tales actus secundum speciem suam sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5913 indifferentes.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5914 <p title="I-II q. 18 a. 8 ad 1"><a name="34319"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5915 "ref">[34319] Iª-IIae q. 18 a. 8 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5916 ergo dicendum quod duplex est privatio. Quaedam quae consistit in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5917 privatum esse, et haec nihil relinquit, sed totum aufert; ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5918 caecitas totaliter aufert visum, et tenebrae lucem, et mors vitam.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5919 Et inter hanc privationem et habitum oppositum, non potest esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5920 aliquod medium circa proprium susceptibile. Est autem alia privatio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5921 quae consistit in privari, sicut aegritudo est privatio sanitatis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5922 non quod tota sanitas sit sublata, sed quod est quasi quaedam via
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5923 ad totalem ablationem sanitatis, quae fit per mortem. Et ideo talis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5924 privatio, cum aliquid relinquat, non semper est immediata cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5925 opposito habitu. Et hoc modo malum est privatio boni, ut Simplicius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5926 dicit in commento super librum Praedic., quia non totum bonum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5927 aufert, sed aliquid relinquit. Unde potest esse aliquod medium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5928 inter bonum et malum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5929 <p title="I-II q. 18 a. 8 ad 2"><a name="34320"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5930 "ref">[34320] Iª-IIae q. 18 a. 8 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5931 dicendum quod omne obiectum vel finis habet aliquam bonitatem vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5932 malitiam, saltem naturalem, non tamen semper importat bonitatem vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5933 malitiam moralem, quae consideratur per comparationem ad rationem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5934 ut dictum est. Et de hac nunc agitur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5935 <p title="I-II q. 18 a. 8 ad 3"><a name="34321"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5936 "ref">[34321] Iª-IIae q. 18 a. 8 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5937 dicendum quod non quidquid habet actus, pertinet ad speciem eius.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5938 Unde etsi in ratione suae speciei non contineatur quidquid pertinet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5939 ad plenitudinem bonitatis ipsius, non propter hoc est ex specie sua
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5940 malus, nec etiam bonus, sicut homo secundum suam speciem neque
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5941 virtuosus, neque vitiosus est.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5942 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5943 <div class="E">Articulus 9</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5944 <p title="I-II q. 18 a. 9 arg. 1"><a name="34322"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5945 "ref">[34322] Iª-IIae q. 18 a. 9 arg. 1</span></a> Ad nonum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5946 sic proceditur. Videtur quod aliquis actus secundum individuum sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5947 indifferens. Nulla enim species est quae sub se non contineat vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5948 continere possit aliquod individuum. Sed aliquis actus est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5949 indifferens secundum suam speciem, ut dictum est. Ergo aliquis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5950 actus individualis potest esse indifferens.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5951 <p title="I-II q. 18 a. 9 arg. 2"><a name="34323"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5952 "ref">[34323] Iª-IIae q. 18 a. 9 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5953 ex individualibus actibus causantur habitus conformes ipsis, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5954 dicitur in II Ethic. Sed aliquis habitus est indifferens. Dicit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5955 enim philosophus, in IV Ethic., de quibusdam, sicut de placidis et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5956 prodigis, quod non sunt mali, et tamen constat quod non sunt boni,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5957 cum recedant a virtute, et sic sunt indifferentes secundum habitum.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5958 Ergo aliqui actus individuales sunt indifferentes.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5959 <p title="I-II q. 18 a. 9 arg. 3"><a name="34324"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5960 "ref">[34324] Iª-IIae q. 18 a. 9 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5961 bonum morale pertinet ad virtutem, malum autem morale pertinet ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5962 vitium. Sed contingit quandoque quod homo actum qui ex specie sua
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5963 est indifferens, non ordinat ad aliquem finem vel vitii vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5964 virtutis. Ergo contingit aliquem actum individualem esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5965 indifferentem.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5966 <p title="I-II q. 18 a. 9 s. c."><a name="34325"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5967 "ref">[34325] Iª-IIae q. 18 a. 9 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5968 est quod Gregorius dicit in quadam homilia, <i>otiosum verbum est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5969 quod utilitate rectitudinis, aut ratione iustae necessitatis aut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5970 piae utilitatis, caret</i>. Sed verbum otiosum est malum, quia de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5971 eo reddent homines rationem in die iudicii, ut dicitur Matth. XII.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5972 Si autem non caret ratione iustae necessitatis aut piae utilitatis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5973 est bonum. Ergo omne verbum aut est bonum aut malum. Pari ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5974 ratione, et quilibet alius actus vel est bonus vel malus. Nullus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5975 ergo individualis actus est indifferens.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5976 <p title="I-II q. 18 a. 9 co."><a name="34326"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5977 "ref">[34326] Iª-IIae q. 18 a. 9 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5978 dicendum quod contingit quandoque aliquem actum esse indifferentem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5979 secundum speciem, qui tamen est bonus vel malus in individuo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5980 consideratus. Et hoc ideo, quia actus moralis, sicut dictum est,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5981 non solum habet bonitatem ex obiecto, a quo habet speciem; sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5982 etiam ex circumstantiis, quae sunt quasi quaedam accidentia; sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5983 aliquid convenit individuo hominis secundum accidentia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5984 individualia, quod non convenit homini secundum rationem speciei.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5985 Et oportet quod quilibet individualis actus habeat aliquam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5986 circumstantiam per quam trahatur ad bonum vel malum, ad minus ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5987 parte intentionis finis. Cum enim rationis sit ordinare, actus a
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5988 ratione deliberativa procedens, si non sit ad debitum finem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5989 ordinatus, ex hoc ipso repugnat rationi, et habet rationem mali. Si
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5990 vero ordinetur ad debitum finem, convenit cum ordine rationis, unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5991 habet rationem boni. Necesse est autem quod vel ordinetur, vel non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5992 ordinetur ad debitum finem. Unde necesse est omnem actum hominis a
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5993 deliberativa ratione procedentem, in individuo consideratum, bonum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5994 esse vel malum. Si autem non procedit a ratione deliberativa, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5995 ex quadam imaginatione, sicut cum aliquis fricat barbam, vel movet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5996 manum aut pedem; talis actus non est, proprie loquendo, moralis vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5997 humanus; cum hoc habeat actus a ratione. Et sic erit indifferens,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5998 quasi extra genus moralium actuum existens.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5999 <p title="I-II q. 18 a. 9 ad 1"><a name="34327"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6000 "ref">[34327] Iª-IIae q. 18 a. 9 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6001 ergo dicendum quod aliquem actum esse indifferentem secundum suam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6002 speciem, potest esse multipliciter. Uno modo, sic quod ex sua
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6003 specie debeatur ei quod sit indifferens. Et sic procedit ratio. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6004 tamen isto modo nullus actus ex sua specie est indifferens, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6005 enim est aliquod obiectum humani actus, quod non possit ordinari
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6006 vel ad bonum vel ad malum, per finem vel circumstantiam. Alio modo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6007 potest dici indifferens ex sua specie, quia non habet ex sua specie
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6008 quod sit bonus vel malus. Unde per aliquid aliud potest fieri bonus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6009 vel malus. Sicut homo non habet ex sua specie quod sit albus vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6010 niger, nec tamen habet ex sua specie quod non sit albus aut niger,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6011 potest enim albedo vel nigredo supervenire homini aliunde quam a
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6012 principiis speciei.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6013 <p title="I-II q. 18 a. 9 ad 2"><a name="34328"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6014 "ref">[34328] Iª-IIae q. 18 a. 9 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6015 dicendum quod philosophus dicit illum esse malum proprie, qui est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6016 aliis hominibus nocivus. Et secundum hoc, dicit prodigum non esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6017 malum, quia nulli alteri nocet nisi sibi ipsi. Et similiter de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6018 omnibus aliis qui non sunt proximis nocivi. Nos autem hic dicimus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6019 malum communiter omne quod est rationi rectae repugnans. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6020 secundum hoc, omnis individualis actus est bonus vel malus, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6021 dictum est.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6022 <p title="I-II q. 18 a. 9 ad 3"><a name="34329"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6023 "ref">[34329] Iª-IIae q. 18 a. 9 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6024 dicendum quod omnis finis a ratione deliberativa intentus, pertinet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6025 ad bonum alicuius virtutis, vel ad malum alicuius vitii. Nam hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6026 ipsum quod aliquis agit ordinate ad sustentationem vel quietem sui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6027 corporis, ad bonum virtutis ordinatur in eo qui corpus suum ordinat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6028 ad bonum virtutis. Et idem patet in aliis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6029 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6030 <div class="E">Articulus 10</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6031 <p title="I-II q. 18 a. 10 arg. 1"><a name="34330"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6032 "ref">[34330] Iª-IIae q. 18 a. 10 arg. 1</span></a> Ad decimum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6033 sic proceditur. Videtur quod circumstantia non possit constituere
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6034 aliquam speciem boni vel mali actus. Species enim actus est ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6035 obiecto. Sed circumstantiae differunt ab obiecto. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6036 circumstantiae non dant speciem actus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6037 <p title="I-II q. 18 a. 10 arg. 2"><a name="34331"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6038 "ref">[34331] Iª-IIae q. 18 a. 10 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6039 circumstantiae comparantur ad actum moralem sicut accidentia eius,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6040 ut dictum est. Sed accidens non constituit speciem. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6041 circumstantia non constituit aliquam speciem boni vel mali.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6042 <p title="I-II q. 18 a. 10 arg. 3"><a name="34332"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6043 "ref">[34332] Iª-IIae q. 18 a. 10 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6044 unius rei non sunt plures species. Unius autem actus sunt plures
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6045 circumstantiae. Ergo circumstantia non constituit actum moralem in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6046 aliqua specie boni vel mali.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6047 <p title="I-II q. 18 a. 10 s. c."><a name="34333"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6048 "ref">[34333] Iª-IIae q. 18 a. 10 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6049 locus est circumstantia quaedam. Sed locus constituit actum moralem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6050 in quadam specie mali, furari enim aliquid de loco sacro est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6051 sacrilegium. Ergo circumstantia constituit actum moralem in aliqua
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6052 specie boni vel mali.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6053 <p title="I-II q. 18 a. 10 co."><a name="34334"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6054 "ref">[34334] Iª-IIae q. 18 a. 10 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6055 dicendum quod, sicut species rerum naturalium constituuntur ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6056 naturalibus formis, ita species moralium actuum constituuntur ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6057 formis prout sunt a ratione conceptae, sicut ex supradictis patet.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6058 Quia vero natura determinata est ad unum, nec potest esse processus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6059 naturae in infinitum, necesse est pervenire ad aliquam ultimam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6060 formam, ex qua sumatur differentia specifica, post quam alia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6061 differentia specifica esse non possit. Et inde est quod in rebus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6062 naturalibus, id quod est accidens alicui rei, non potest accipi ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6063 differentia constituens speciem. Sed processus rationis non est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6064 determinatus ad aliquid unum, sed quolibet dato, potest ulterius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6065 procedere. Et ideo quod in uno actu accipitur ut circumstantia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6066 superaddita obiecto quod determinat speciem actus, potest iterum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6067 accipi a ratione ordinante ut principalis conditio obiecti
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6068 determinantis speciem actus. Sicut tollere alienum habet speciem ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6069 ratione alieni, ex hoc enim constituitur in specie furti, et si
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6070 consideretur super hoc ratio loci vel temporis, se habebit in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6071 ratione circumstantiae. Sed quia ratio etiam de loco vel de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6072 tempore, et aliis huiusmodi, ordinare potest; contingit conditionem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6073 loci circa obiectum accipi ut contrariam ordini rationis; puta quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6074 ratio ordinat non esse iniuriam faciendam loco sacro. Unde tollere
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6075 aliquid alienum de loco sacro addit specialem repugnantiam ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6076 ordinem rationis. Et ideo locus, qui prius considerabatur ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6077 circumstantia, nunc consideratur ut principalis conditio obiecti
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6078 rationi repugnans. Et per hunc modum, quandocumque aliqua
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6079 circumstantia respicit specialem ordinem rationis vel pro vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6080 contra, oportet quod circumstantia det speciem actui morali vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6081 bono vel malo.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6082 <p title="I-II q. 18 a. 10 ad 1"><a name="34335"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6083 "ref">[34335] Iª-IIae q. 18 a. 10 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6084 ergo dicendum quod circumstantia secundum quod dat speciem actui,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6085 consideratur ut quaedam conditio obiecti, sicut dictum est, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6086 quasi quaedam specifica differentia eius.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6087 <p title="I-II q. 18 a. 10 ad 2"><a name="34336"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6088 "ref">[34336] Iª-IIae q. 18 a. 10 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6089 dicendum quod circumstantia manens in ratione circumstantiae, cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6090 habeat rationem accidentis, non dat speciem, sed inquantum mutatur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6091 in principalem conditionem obiecti, secundum hoc dat speciem.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6092 <p title="I-II q. 18 a. 10 ad 3"><a name="34337"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6093 "ref">[34337] Iª-IIae q. 18 a. 10 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6094 dicendum quod non omnis circumstantia constituit actum moralem in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6095 aliqua specie boni vel mali, cum non quaelibet circumstantia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6096 importet aliquam consonantiam vel dissonantiam ad rationem. Unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6097 non oportet, licet sint multae circumstantiae unius actus, quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6098 unus actus sit in pluribus speciebus. Licet etiam non sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6099 inconveniens quod unus actus moralis sit in pluribus speciebus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6100 moris etiam disparatis, ut dictum est.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6101 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6102 <div class="E">Articulus 11</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6103 <p title="I-II q. 18 a. 11 arg. 1"><a name="34338"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6104 "ref">[34338] Iª-IIae q. 18 a. 11 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6105 undecimum sic proceditur. Videtur quod omnis circumstantia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6106 pertinens ad bonitatem vel malitiam, det speciem actui. Bonum enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6107 et malum sunt differentiae specificae moralium actuum. Quod ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6108 facit differentiam in bonitate vel malitia moralis actus, facit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6109 differre secundum differentiam specificam, quod est differre
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6110 secundum speciem. Sed id quod addit in bonitate vel malitia actus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6111 facit differre secundum bonitatem et malitiam. Ergo facit differre
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6112 secundum speciem. Ergo omnis circumstantia addens in bonitate vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6113 malitia actus, constituit speciem.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6114 <p title="I-II q. 18 a. 11 arg. 2"><a name="34339"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6115 "ref">[34339] Iª-IIae q. 18 a. 11 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6116 aut circumstantia adveniens habet in se aliquam rationem bonitatis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6117 vel malitiae, aut non. Si non, non potest addere in bonitate vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6118 malitia actus, quia quod non est bonum, non potest facere maius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6119 bonum; et quod non est malum, non potest facere maius malum. Si
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6120 autem habet in se rationem bonitatis vel malitiae, ex hoc ipso
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6121 habet quandam speciem boni vel mali. Ergo omnis circumstantia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6122 augens bonitatem vel malitiam, constituit novam speciem boni vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6123 mali.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6124 <p title="I-II q. 18 a. 11 arg. 3"><a name="34340"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6125 "ref">[34340] Iª-IIae q. 18 a. 11 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6126 secundum Dionysium, IV cap. de Div. Nom., <i>malum causatur ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6127 singularibus defectibus</i>. Quaelibet autem circumstantia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6128 aggravans malitiam, habet specialem defectum. Ergo quaelibet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6129 circumstantia addit novam speciem peccati. Et eadem ratione,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6130 quaelibet augens bonitatem, videtur addere novam speciem boni,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6131 sicut quaelibet unitas addita numero, facit novam speciem numeri;
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6132 bonum enim consistit in numero, pondere et mensura.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6133 <p title="I-II q. 18 a. 11 s. c."><a name="34341"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6134 "ref">[34341] Iª-IIae q. 18 a. 11 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6135 magis et minus non diversificant speciem. Sed magis et minus est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6136 circumstantia addens in bonitate vel malitia. Ergo non omnis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6137 circumstantia addens in bonitate vel malitia, constituit actum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6138 moralem in specie boni vel mali.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6139 <p title="I-II q. 18 a. 11 co."><a name="34342"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6140 "ref">[34342] Iª-IIae q. 18 a. 11 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6141 dicendum quod, sicut dictum est, circumstantia dat speciem boni vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6142 mali actui morali, inquantum respicit specialem ordinem rationis.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6143 Contingit autem quandoque quod circumstantia non respicit ordinem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6144 rationis in bono vel malo, nisi praesupposita alia circumstantia, a
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6145 qua actus moralis habet speciem boni vel mali. Sicut tollere
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6146 aliquid in magna quantitate vel parva, non respicit ordinem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6147 rationis in bono vel malo, nisi praesupposita aliqua alia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6148 conditione, per quam actus habeat malitiam vel bonitatem, puta hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6149 quod est esse alienum, quod repugnat rationi. Unde tollere alienum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6150 in magna vel parva quantitate, non diversificat speciem peccati.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6151 Tamen potest aggravare vel diminuere peccatum. Et similiter est in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6152 aliis malis vel bonis. Unde non omnis circumstantia addens in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6153 bonitate vel malitia, variat speciem moralis actus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6154 <p title="I-II q. 18 a. 11 ad 1"><a name="34343"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6155 "ref">[34343] Iª-IIae q. 18 a. 11 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6156 ergo dicendum quod in his quae intenduntur et remittuntur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6157 differentia intensionis et remissionis non diversificat speciem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6158 sicut quod differt in albedine secundum magis et minus, non differt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6159 secundum speciem coloris. Et similiter quod facit diversitatem in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6160 bono vel malo secundum intensionem et remissionem, non facit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6161 differentiam moralis actus secundum speciem.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6162 <p title="I-II q. 18 a. 11 ad 2"><a name="34344"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6163 "ref">[34344] Iª-IIae q. 18 a. 11 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6164 dicendum quod circumstantia aggravans peccatum, vel augens
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6165 bonitatem actus, quandoque non habet bonitatem vel malitiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6166 secundum se, sed per ordinem ad aliam conditionem actus, ut dictum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6167 est. Et ideo non dat novam speciem, sed auget bonitatem vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6168 malitiam quae est ex alia conditione actus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6169 <p title="I-II q. 18 a. 11 ad 3"><a name="34345"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6170 "ref">[34345] Iª-IIae q. 18 a. 11 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6171 dicendum quod non quaelibet circumstantia inducit singularem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6172 defectum secundum seipsam, sed solum secundum ordinem ad aliquid
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6173 aliud. Et similiter non semper addit novam perfectionem, nisi per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6174 comparationem ad aliquid aliud. Et pro tanto, licet augeat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6175 bonitatem vel malitiam, non semper variat speciem boni vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6176 mali.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6177 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6178 <div class="D">Quaestio 19</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6179 <div class="G">Prooemium</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6180 <p title="I-II q. 19 pr."><a name="34346"><span class="ref">[34346]
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6181 Iª-IIae q. 19 pr.</span></a> Deinde considerandum est de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6182 bonitate actus interioris voluntatis. Et circa hoc quaeruntur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6183 decem. Primo, utrum bonitas voluntatis dependeat ex obiecto.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6184 Secundo, utrum ex solo obiecto dependeat. Tertio, utrum dependeat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6185 ex ratione. Quarto, utrum dependeat ex lege aeterna. Quinto, utrum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6186 ratio errans obliget. Sexto, utrum voluntas contra legem Dei
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6187 sequens rationem errantem, sit mala. Septimo, utrum bonitas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6188 voluntatis in his quae sunt ad finem, dependeat ex intentione
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6189 finis. Octavo, utrum quantitas bonitatis vel malitiae in voluntate,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6190 sequatur quantitatem boni vel mali in intentione. Nono, utrum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6191 bonitas voluntatis dependeat ex conformitate ad voluntatem divinam.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6192 Decimo, utrum necesse sit voluntatem humanam conformari divinae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6193 voluntati in volito, ad hoc quod sit bona.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6194 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6195 <div class="E">Articulus 1</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6196 <p title="I-II q. 19 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="34347"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6197 "ref">[34347] Iª-IIae q. 19 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6198 sic proceditur. Videtur quod bonitas voluntatis non dependeat ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6199 obiecto. Voluntas enim non potest esse nisi boni, quia malum est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6200 praeter voluntatem, ut Dionysius dicit, IV cap. de Div. Nom. Si
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6201 igitur bonitas voluntatis iudicaretur ex obiecto, sequeretur quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6202 omnis voluntas esset bona, et nulla esset mala.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6203 <p title="I-II q. 19 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="34348"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6204 "ref">[34348] Iª-IIae q. 19 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6205 bonum per prius invenitur in fine, unde bonitas finis, inquantum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6206 huiusmodi, non dependet ab aliquo alio. Sed secundum philosophum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6207 in VI Ethic., <i>bona actio est finis, licet factio nunquam sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6208 finis</i>, ordinatur enim semper, sicut ad finem, ad aliquid
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6209 factum. Ergo bonitas actus voluntatis non dependet ex aliquo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6210 obiecto.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6211 <p title="I-II q. 19 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="34349"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6212 "ref">[34349] Iª-IIae q. 19 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6213 unumquodque quale est, tale alterum facit. Sed obiectum voluntatis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6214 est bonum bonitate naturae. Non ergo potest praestare voluntati
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6215 bonitatem moralem. Moralis ergo bonitas voluntatis non dependet ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6216 obiecto.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6217 <p title="I-II q. 19 a. 1 s. c."><a name="34350"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6218 "ref">[34350] Iª-IIae q. 19 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6219 est quod philosophus dicit, in V Ethic., quod iustitia est secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6220 quam aliqui volunt iusta, et eadem ratione, virtus est secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6221 quam aliqui volunt bona. Sed bona voluntas est quae est secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6222 virtutem. Ergo bonitas voluntatis est ex hoc quod aliquis vult
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6223 bonum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6224 <p title="I-II q. 19 a. 1 co."><a name="34351"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6225 "ref">[34351] Iª-IIae q. 19 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6226 dicendum quod bonum et malum sunt per se differentiae actus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6227 voluntatis. Nam bonum et malum per se ad voluntatem pertinent;
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6228 sicut verum et falsum ad rationem, cuius actus per se distinguitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6229 differentia veri et falsi, prout dicimus opinionem esse veram vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6230 falsam. Unde voluntas bona et mala sunt actus differentes secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6231 speciem. Differentia autem speciei in actibus est secundum obiecta,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6232 ut dictum est. Et ideo bonum et malum in actibus voluntatis proprie
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6233 attenditur secundum obiecta.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6234 <p title="I-II q. 19 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="34352"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6235 "ref">[34352] Iª-IIae q. 19 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6236 ergo dicendum quod voluntas non semper est veri boni, sed quandoque
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6237 est apparentis boni, quod quidem habet aliquam rationem boni, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6238 tamen simpliciter convenientis ad appetendum. Et propter hoc actus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6239 voluntatis non est bonus semper, sed aliquando malus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6240 <p title="I-II q. 19 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="34353"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6241 "ref">[34353] Iª-IIae q. 19 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6242 dicendum quod, quamvis aliquis actus possit esse ultimus finis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6243 hominis secundum aliquem modum, non tamen talis actus est actus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6244 voluntatis, ut supra dictum est.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6245 <p title="I-II q. 19 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="34354"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6246 "ref">[34354] Iª-IIae q. 19 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6247 dicendum quod bonum per rationem repraesentatur voluntati ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6248 obiectum; et inquantum cadit sub ordine rationis, pertinet ad genus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6249 moris, et causat bonitatem moralem in actu voluntatis. Ratio enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6250 principium est humanorum et moralium actuum, ut supra dictum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6251 est.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6252 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6253 <div class="E">Articulus 2</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6254 <p title="I-II q. 19 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="34355"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6255 "ref">[34355] Iª-IIae q. 19 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6256 sic proceditur. Videtur quod bonitas voluntatis non dependeat solum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6257 ex obiecto. Finis enim affinior est voluntati quam alteri
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6258 potentiae. Sed actus aliarum potentiarum recipiunt bonitatem non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6259 solum ex obiecto, sed etiam ex fine, ut ex supradictis patet. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6260 etiam actus voluntatis recipit bonitatem non solum ex obiecto, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6261 etiam ex fine.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6262 <p title="I-II q. 19 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="34356"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6263 "ref">[34356] Iª-IIae q. 19 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6264 bonitas actus non solum est ex obiecto, sed etiam ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6265 circumstantiis, ut supra dictum est. Sed secundum diversitatem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6266 circumstantiarum contingit esse diversitatem bonitatis et malitiae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6267 in actu voluntatis, puta quod aliquis velit quando debet et ubi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6268 debet, et quantum debet, et quomodo debet, vel prout non debet.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6269 Ergo bonitas voluntatis non solum dependet ex obiecto, sed etiam ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6270 circumstantiis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6271 <p title="I-II q. 19 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="34357"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6272 "ref">[34357] Iª-IIae q. 19 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6273 ignorantia circumstantiarum excusat malitiam voluntatis, ut supra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6274 habitum est. Sed hoc non esset, nisi bonitas et malitia voluntatis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6275 a circumstantiis dependeret. Ergo bonitas et malitia voluntatis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6276 dependet ex circumstantiis, et non a solo obiecto.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6277 <p title="I-II q. 19 a. 2 s. c."><a name="34358"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6278 "ref">[34358] Iª-IIae q. 19 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6279 ex circumstantiis, inquantum huiusmodi, actus non habet speciem, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6280 supra dictum est. Sed bonum et malum sunt specificae differentiae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6281 actus voluntatis, ut dictum est. Ergo bonitas et malitia voluntatis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6282 non dependet ex circumstantiis, sed ex solo obiecto.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6283 <p title="I-II q. 19 a. 2 co."><a name="34359"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6284 "ref">[34359] Iª-IIae q. 19 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6285 dicendum quod in quolibet genere, quanto aliquid est prius, tanto
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6286 est simplicius et in paucioribus consistens, sicut prima corpora
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6287 sunt simplicia. Et ideo invenimus quod ea quae sunt prima in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6288 quolibet genere, sunt aliquo modo simplicia, et in uno consistunt.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6289 Principium autem bonitatis et malitiae humanorum actuum est ex actu
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6290 voluntatis. Et ideo bonitas et malitia voluntatis secundum aliquid
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6291 unum attenditur, aliorum vero actuum bonitas et malitia potest
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6292 secundum diversa attendi. Illud autem unum quod est principium in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6293 quolibet genere, non est per accidens, sed per se, quia omne quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6294 est per accidens, reducitur ad id quod est per se, sicut ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6295 principium. Et ideo bonitas voluntatis ex solo uno illo dependet,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6296 quod per se facit bonitatem in actu, scilicet ex obiecto, et non ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6297 circumstantiis, quae sunt quaedam accidentia actus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6298 <p title="I-II q. 19 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="34360"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6299 "ref">[34360] Iª-IIae q. 19 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6300 ergo dicendum quod finis est obiectum voluntatis, non autem aliarum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6301 virium. Unde quantum ad actum voluntatis, non differt bonitas quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6302 est ex obiecto, a bonitate quae est ex fine, sicut in actibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6303 aliarum virium, nisi forte per accidens, prout finis dependet ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6304 fine, et voluntas ex voluntate.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6305 <p title="I-II q. 19 a. 2 ad 2"><a name="34361"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6306 "ref">[34361] Iª-IIae q. 19 a. 2 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6307 dicendum quod, supposito quod voluntas sit boni, nulla
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6308 circumstantia potest eam facere malam. Quod ergo dicitur quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6309 aliquis vult aliquod bonum quando non debet vel ubi non debet,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6310 potest intelligi dupliciter. Uno modo, ita quod ista circumstantia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6311 referatur ad volitum. Et sic voluntas non est boni, quia velle
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6312 facere aliquid quando non debet fieri, non est velle bonum. Alio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6313 modo, ita quod referatur ad actum volendi. Et sic impossibile est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6314 quod aliquis velit bonum quando non debet, quia semper homo debet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6315 velle bonum, nisi forte per accidens, inquantum aliquis, volendo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6316 hoc bonum, impeditur ne tunc velit aliquod bonum debitum. Et tunc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6317 non incidit malum ex eo quod aliquis vult illud bonum; sed ex eo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6318 quod non vult aliud bonum. Et similiter dicendum est de aliis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6319 circumstantiis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6320 <p title="I-II q. 19 a. 2 ad 3"><a name="34362"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6321 "ref">[34362] Iª-IIae q. 19 a. 2 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6322 dicendum quod circumstantiarum ignorantia excusat malitiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6323 voluntatis, secundum quod circumstantiae se tenent ex parte voliti,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6324 inquantum scilicet ignorat circumstantias actus quem vult.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6325 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6326 <div class="E">Articulus 3</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6327 <p title="I-II q. 19 a. 3 arg. 1"><a name="34363"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6328 "ref">[34363] Iª-IIae q. 19 a. 3 arg. 1</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6329 sic proceditur. Videtur quod bonitas voluntatis non dependeat a
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6330 ratione. Prius enim non dependet a posteriori. Sed bonum per prius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6331 pertinet ad voluntatem quam ad rationem, ut ex supradictis patet.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6332 Ergo bonum voluntatis non dependet a ratione.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6333 <p title="I-II q. 19 a. 3 arg. 2"><a name="34364"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6334 "ref">[34364] Iª-IIae q. 19 a. 3 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6335 philosophus dicit, in VI Ethic., quod bonitas intellectus practici
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6336 est verum conforme appetitui recto. Appetitus autem rectus est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6337 voluntas bona. Ergo bonitas rationis practicae magis dependet a
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6338 bonitate voluntatis, quam e converso.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6339 <p title="I-II q. 19 a. 3 arg. 3"><a name="34365"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6340 "ref">[34365] Iª-IIae q. 19 a. 3 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6341 movens non dependet ab eo quod movetur, sed e converso. Voluntas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6342 autem movet rationem et alias vires, ut supra dictum est. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6343 bonitas voluntatis non dependet a ratione.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6344 <p title="I-II q. 19 a. 3 s. c."><a name="34366"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6345 "ref">[34366] Iª-IIae q. 19 a. 3 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6346 est quod Hilarius dicit, in X de Trin., <i>immoderata est omnis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6347 susceptarum voluntatum pertinacia, ubi non rationi voluntas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6348 subiicitur</i>. Sed bonitas voluntatis consistit in hoc quod non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6349 sit immoderata. Ergo bonitas voluntatis dependet ex hoc quod sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6350 subiecta rationi.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6351 <p title="I-II q. 19 a. 3 co."><a name="34367"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6352 "ref">[34367] Iª-IIae q. 19 a. 3 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6353 dicendum quod, sicut dictum est, bonitas voluntatis proprie ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6354 obiecto dependet. Obiectum autem voluntatis proponitur ei per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6355 rationem. Nam bonum intellectum est obiectum voluntatis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6356 proportionatum ei; bonum autem sensibile, vel imaginarium, non est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6357 proportionatum voluntati, sed appetitui sensitivo, quia voluntas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6358 potest tendere in bonum universale, quod ratio apprehendit;
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6359 appetitus autem sensitivus non tendit nisi in bonum particulare,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6360 quod apprehendit vis sensitiva. Et ideo bonitas voluntatis dependet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6361 a ratione, eo modo quo dependet ab obiecto.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6362 <p title="I-II q. 19 a. 3 ad 1"><a name="34368"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6363 "ref">[34368] Iª-IIae q. 19 a. 3 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6364 ergo dicendum quod bonum sub ratione boni, idest appetibilis, per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6365 prius pertinet ad voluntatem quam ad rationem. Sed tamen per prius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6366 pertinet ad rationem sub ratione veri, quam ad voluntatem sub
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6367 ratione appetibilis, quia appetitus voluntatis non potest esse de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6368 bono, nisi prius a ratione apprehendatur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6369 <p title="I-II q. 19 a. 3 ad 2"><a name="34369"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6370 "ref">[34369] Iª-IIae q. 19 a. 3 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6371 dicendum quod philosophus ibi loquitur de intellectu practico,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6372 secundum quod est consiliativus et ratiocinativus eorum quae sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6373 ad finem, sic enim perficitur per prudentiam. In his autem quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6374 sunt ad finem, rectitudo rationis consistit in conformitate ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6375 appetitum finis debiti. Sed tamen et ipse appetitus finis debiti
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6376 praesupponit rectam apprehensionem de fine, quae est per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6377 rationem.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6378 <p title="I-II q. 19 a. 3 ad 3"><a name="34370"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6379 "ref">[34370] Iª-IIae q. 19 a. 3 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6380 dicendum quod voluntas quodam modo movet rationem; et ratio alio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6381 modo movet voluntatem, ex parte scilicet obiecti, ut supra dictum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6382 est.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6383 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6384 <div class="E">Articulus 4</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6385 <p title="I-II q. 19 a. 4 arg. 1"><a name="34371"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6386 "ref">[34371] Iª-IIae q. 19 a. 4 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quartum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6387 sic proceditur. Videtur quod bonitas voluntatis humanae non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6388 dependeat a lege aeterna. Unius enim una est regula et mensura. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6389 regula humanae voluntatis, ex qua eius bonitas dependet, est ratio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6390 recta. Ergo non dependet bonitas voluntatis a lege aeterna.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6391 <p title="I-II q. 19 a. 4 arg. 2"><a name="34372"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6392 "ref">[34372] Iª-IIae q. 19 a. 4 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6393 mensura est homogenea mensurato, ut dicitur X Metaphys. Sed lex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6394 aeterna non est homogenea voluntati humanae. Ergo lex aeterna non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6395 potest esse mensura voluntatis humanae, ut ab ea bonitas eius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6396 dependeat.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6397 <p title="I-II q. 19 a. 4 arg. 3"><a name="34373"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6398 "ref">[34373] Iª-IIae q. 19 a. 4 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6399 mensura debet esse certissima. Sed lex aeterna est nobis ignota.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6400 Ergo non potest esse nostrae voluntatis mensura, ut ab ea bonitas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6401 voluntatis nostrae dependeat.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6402 <p title="I-II q. 19 a. 4 s. c."><a name="34374"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6403 "ref">[34374] Iª-IIae q. 19 a. 4 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6404 est quod Augustinus dicit, XXII libro contra Faustum, quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6405 <i>peccatum est factum, dictum vel concupitum aliquid contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6406 aeternam legem</i>. Sed malitia voluntatis est radix peccati. Ergo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6407 cum malitia bonitati opponatur, bonitas voluntatis dependet a lege
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6408 aeterna.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6409 <p title="I-II q. 19 a. 4 co."><a name="34375"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6410 "ref">[34375] Iª-IIae q. 19 a. 4 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6411 dicendum quod in omnibus causis ordinatis, effectus plus dependet a
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6412 causa prima quam a causa secunda, quia causa secunda non agit nisi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6413 in virtute primae causae. Quod autem ratio humana sit regula
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6414 voluntatis humanae, ex qua eius bonitas mensuretur, habet ex lege
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6415 aeterna, quae est ratio divina. Unde in Psalmo IV, dicitur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6416 <i>multi dicunt, quis ostendit nobis bona? Signatum est super nos
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6417 lumen vultus tui, domine</i>, quasi diceret, lumen rationis quod in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6418 nobis est, intantum potest nobis ostendere bona, et nostram
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6419 voluntatem regulare, inquantum est lumen vultus tui, idest a vultu
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6420 tuo derivatum. Unde manifestum est quod multo magis dependet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6421 bonitas voluntatis humanae a lege aeterna, quam a ratione humana,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6422 et ubi deficit humana ratio, oportet ad rationem aeternam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6423 recurrere.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6424 <p title="I-II q. 19 a. 4 ad 1"><a name="34376"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6425 "ref">[34376] Iª-IIae q. 19 a. 4 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6426 ergo dicendum quod unius rei non sunt plures mensurae proximae,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6427 possunt tamen esse plures mensurae, quarum una sub alia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6428 ordinetur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6429 <p title="I-II q. 19 a. 4 ad 2"><a name="34377"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6430 "ref">[34377] Iª-IIae q. 19 a. 4 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6431 dicendum quod mensura proxima est homogenea mensurato, non autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6432 mensura remota.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6433 <p title="I-II q. 19 a. 4 ad 3"><a name="34378"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6434 "ref">[34378] Iª-IIae q. 19 a. 4 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6435 dicendum quod, licet lex aeterna sit nobis ignota secundum quod est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6436 in mente divina; innotescit tamen nobis aliqualiter vel per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6437 rationem naturalem, quae ab ea derivatur ut propria eius imago; vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6438 per aliqualem revelationem superadditam.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6439 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6440 <div class="E">Articulus 5</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6441 <p title="I-II q. 19 a. 5 arg. 1"><a name="34379"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6442 "ref">[34379] Iª-IIae q. 19 a. 5 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quintum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6443 sic proceditur. Videtur quod voluntas discordans a ratione errante,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6444 non sit mala. Ratio enim est regula voluntatis humanae, inquantum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6445 derivatur a lege aeterna, ut dictum est. Sed ratio errans non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6446 derivatur a lege aeterna. Ergo ratio errans non est regula
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6447 voluntatis humanae. Non est ergo voluntas mala, si discordat a
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6448 ratione errante.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6449 <p title="I-II q. 19 a. 5 arg. 2"><a name="34380"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6450 "ref">[34380] Iª-IIae q. 19 a. 5 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6451 secundum Augustinum, inferioris potestatis praeceptum non obligat,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6452 si contrarietur praecepto potestatis superioris, sicut si proconsul
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6453 iubeat aliquid quod imperator prohibet. Sed ratio errans quandoque
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6454 proponit aliquid quod est contra praeceptum superioris, scilicet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6455 Dei, cuius est summa potestas. Ergo dictamen rationis errantis non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6456 obligat. Non est ergo voluntas mala, si discordet a ratione
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6457 errante.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6458 <p title="I-II q. 19 a. 5 arg. 3"><a name="34381"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6459 "ref">[34381] Iª-IIae q. 19 a. 5 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6460 omnis voluntas mala reducitur ad aliquam speciem malitiae. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6461 voluntas discordans a ratione errante, non potest reduci ad aliquam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6462 speciem malitiae, puta, si ratio errans errat in hoc, quod dicat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6463 esse fornicandum, voluntas eius qui fornicari non vult, ad nullam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6464 malitiam reduci potest. Ergo voluntas discordans a ratione errante,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6465 non est mala.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6466 <p title="I-II q. 19 a. 5 s. c."><a name="34382"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6467 "ref">[34382] Iª-IIae q. 19 a. 5 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6468 sicut in primo dictum est, conscientia nihil aliud est quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6469 applicatio scientiae ad aliquem actum. Scientia autem in ratione
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6470 est. Voluntas ergo discordans a ratione errante, est contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6471 conscientiam. Sed omnis talis voluntas est mala, dicitur enim Rom.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6472 XIV, <i>omne quod non est ex fide, peccatum est</i>, idest omne
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6473 quod est contra conscientiam. Ergo voluntas discordans a ratione
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6474 errante, est mala.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6475 <p title="I-II q. 19 a. 5 co."><a name="34383"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6476 "ref">[34383] Iª-IIae q. 19 a. 5 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6477 dicendum quod, cum conscientia sit quodammodo dictamen rationis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6478 (est enim quaedam applicatio scientiae ad actum, ut in primo dictum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6479 est), idem est quaerere utrum voluntas discordans a ratione errante
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6480 sit mala, quod quaerere utrum conscientia errans obliget. Circa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6481 quod, aliqui distinxerunt tria genera actuum, quidam enim sunt boni
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6482 ex genere; quidam sunt indifferentes; quidam sunt mali ex genere.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6483 Dicunt ergo quod, si ratio vel conscientia dicat aliquid esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6484 faciendum quod sit bonum ex suo genere, non est ibi error.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6485 Similiter, si dicat aliquid non esse faciendum quod est malum ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6486 suo genere, eadem enim ratione praecipiuntur bona, qua prohibentur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6487 mala. Sed si ratio vel conscientia dicat alicui quod illa quae sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6488 secundum se mala, homo teneatur facere ex praecepto; vel quod illa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6489 quae sunt secundum se bona, sint prohibita; erit ratio vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6490 conscientia errans. Et similiter si ratio vel conscientia dicat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6491 alicui quod id quod est secundum se indifferens, ut levare festucam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6492 de terra, sit prohibitum vel praeceptum, erit ratio vel conscientia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6493 errans. Dicunt ergo quod ratio vel conscientia errans circa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6494 indifferentia, sive praecipiendo sive prohibendo, obligat, ita quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6495 voluntas discordans a tali ratione errante, erit mala et peccatum.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6496 Sed ratio vel conscientia errans praecipiendo ea quae sunt per se
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6497 mala, vel prohibendo ea quae sunt per se bona et necessaria ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6498 salutem, non obligat, unde in talibus voluntas discordans a ratione
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6499 vel conscientia errante, non est mala. Sed hoc irrationabiliter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6500 dicitur. In indifferentibus enim, voluntas discordans a ratione vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6501 conscientia errante, est mala aliquo modo propter obiectum, a quo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6502 bonitas vel malitia voluntatis dependet, non autem propter obiectum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6503 secundum sui naturam; sed secundum quod per accidens a ratione
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6504 apprehenditur ut malum ad faciendum vel ad vitandum. Et quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6505 obiectum voluntatis est id quod proponitur a ratione, ut dictum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6506 est, ex quo aliquid proponitur a ratione ut malum, voluntas, dum in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6507 illud fertur, accipit rationem mali. Hoc autem contingit non solum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6508 in indifferentibus, sed etiam in per se bonis vel malis. Non solum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6509 enim id quod est indifferens, potest accipere rationem boni vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6510 mali per accidens; sed etiam id quod est bonum, potest accipere
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6511 rationem mali, vel illud quod est malum, rationem boni, propter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6512 apprehensionem rationis. Puta, abstinere a fornicatione bonum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6513 quoddam est, tamen in hoc bonum non fertur voluntas, nisi secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6514 quod a ratione proponitur. Si ergo proponatur ut malum a ratione
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6515 errante, feretur in hoc sub ratione mali. Unde voluntas erit mala,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6516 quia vult malum, non quidem id quod est malum per se, sed id quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6517 est malum per accidens, propter apprehensionem rationis. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6518 similiter credere in Christum est per se bonum, et necessarium ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6519 salutem, sed voluntas non fertur in hoc, nisi secundum quod a
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6520 ratione proponitur. Unde si a ratione proponatur ut malum, voluntas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6521 feretur in hoc ut malum, non quia sit malum secundum se, sed quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6522 est malum per accidens ex apprehensione rationis. Et ideo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6523 philosophus dicit, in VII Ethic., quod, per se loquendo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6524 <i>incontinens est qui non sequitur rationem rectam, per accidens
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6525 autem, qui non sequitur etiam rationem falsam</i>. Unde dicendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6526 est simpliciter quod omnis voluntas discordans a ratione, sive
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6527 recta sive errante, semper est mala.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6528 <p title="I-II q. 19 a. 5 ad 1"><a name="34384"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6529 "ref">[34384] Iª-IIae q. 19 a. 5 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6530 ergo dicendum quod iudicium rationis errantis licet non derivetur a
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6531 Deo, tamen ratio errans iudicium suum proponit ut verum, et per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6532 consequens ut a Deo derivatum, a quo est omnis veritas.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6533 <p title="I-II q. 19 a. 5 ad 2"><a name="34385"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6534 "ref">[34385] Iª-IIae q. 19 a. 5 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6535 dicendum quod verbum Augustini habet locum, quando cognoscitur quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6536 inferior potestas praecipit aliquid contra praeceptum superioris
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6537 potestatis. Sed si aliquis crederet quod praeceptum proconsulis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6538 esset praeceptum imperatoris, contemnendo praeceptum proconsulis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6539 contemneret praeceptum imperatoris. Et similiter si aliquis homo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6540 cognosceret quod ratio humana dictaret aliquid contra praeceptum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6541 Dei, non teneretur rationem sequi, sed tunc ratio non totaliter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6542 esset errans. Sed quando ratio errans proponit aliquid ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6543 praeceptum Dei, tunc idem est contemnere dictamen rationis, et Dei
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6544 praeceptum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6545 <p title="I-II q. 19 a. 5 ad 3"><a name="34386"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6546 "ref">[34386] Iª-IIae q. 19 a. 5 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6547 dicendum quod ratio, quando apprehendit aliquid ut malum, semper
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6548 apprehendit illud sub aliqua ratione mali, puta quia contrariatur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6549 divino praecepto, vel quia est scandalum, vel propter aliquid
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6550 huiusmodi. Et tunc ad talem speciem malitiae reducitur talis mala
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6551 voluntas.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6552 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6553 <div class="E">Articulus 6</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6554 <p title="I-II q. 19 a. 6 arg. 1"><a name="34387"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6555 "ref">[34387] Iª-IIae q. 19 a. 6 arg. 1</span></a> Ad sextum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6556 sic proceditur. Videtur quod voluntas concordans rationi erranti,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6557 sit bona. Sicut enim voluntas discordans a ratione tendit in id
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6558 quod ratio iudicat malum; ita voluntas concordans rationi, tendit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6559 in id quod ratio iudicat bonum. Sed voluntas discordans a ratione,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6560 etiam errante, est mala. Ergo voluntas concordans rationi, etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6561 erranti, est bona.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6562 <p title="I-II q. 19 a. 6 arg. 2"><a name="34388"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6563 "ref">[34388] Iª-IIae q. 19 a. 6 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6564 voluntas concordans praecepto Dei et legi aeternae, semper est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6565 bona. Sed lex aeterna et praeceptum Dei proponitur nobis per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6566 apprehensionem rationis, etiam errantis. Ergo voluntas concordans
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6567 etiam rationi erranti, est bona.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6568 <p title="I-II q. 19 a. 6 arg. 3"><a name="34389"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6569 "ref">[34389] Iª-IIae q. 19 a. 6 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6570 voluntas discordans a ratione errante, est mala. Si ergo voluntas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6571 concordans rationi erranti sit etiam mala, videtur quod omnis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6572 voluntas habentis rationem errantem, sit mala. Et sic talis homo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6573 erit perplexus, et ex necessitate peccabit, quod est inconveniens.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6574 Ergo voluntas concordans rationi erranti, est bona.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6575 <p title="I-II q. 19 a. 6 s. c."><a name="34390"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6576 "ref">[34390] Iª-IIae q. 19 a. 6 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6577 voluntas occidentium apostolos erat mala. Sed tamen concordabat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6578 rationi erranti ipsorum, secundum illud Ioan. XVI, <i>venit hora,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6579 ut omnis qui interficit vos, arbitretur obsequium se praestare
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6580 Deo</i>. Ergo voluntas concordans rationi erranti, potest esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6581 mala.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6582 <p title="I-II q. 19 a. 6 co."><a name="34391"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6583 "ref">[34391] Iª-IIae q. 19 a. 6 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6584 dicendum quod, sicut praemissa quaestio eadem est cum quaestione
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6585 qua quaeritur utrum conscientia erronea liget; ita ista quaestio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6586 eadem est cum illa qua quaeritur utrum conscientia erronea excuset.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6587 Haec autem quaestio dependet ab eo quod supra de ignorantia dictum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6588 est. Dictum est enim supra quod ignorantia quandoque causat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6589 involuntarium, quandoque autem non. Et quia bonum et malum morale
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6590 consistit in actu inquantum est voluntarius, ut ex praemissis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6591 patet; manifestum est quod illa ignorantia quae causat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6592 involuntarium, tollit rationem boni et mali moralis; non autem illa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6593 quae involuntarium non causat. Dictum est etiam supra quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6594 ignorantia quae est aliquo modo volita, sive directe sive
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6595 indirecte, non causat involuntarium. Et dico ignorantiam directe
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6596 voluntariam, in quam actus voluntatis fertur, indirecte autem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6597 propter negligentiam, ex eo quod aliquis non vult illud scire quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6598 scire tenetur, ut supra dictum est. Si igitur ratio vel conscientia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6599 erret errore voluntario, vel directe, vel propter negligentiam,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6600 quia est error circa id quod quis scire tenetur; tunc talis error
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6601 rationis vel conscientiae non excusat quin voluntas concordans
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6602 rationi vel conscientiae sic erranti, sit mala. Si autem sit error
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6603 qui causet involuntarium, proveniens ex ignorantia alicuius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6604 circumstantiae absque omni negligentia; tunc talis error rationis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6605 vel conscientiae excusat, ut voluntas concordans rationi erranti
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6606 non sit mala. Puta, si ratio errans dicat quod homo teneatur ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6607 uxorem alterius accedere, voluntas concordans huic rationi erranti
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6608 est mala, eo quod error iste provenit ex ignorantia legis Dei, quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6609 scire tenetur. Si autem ratio erret in hoc, quod credat aliquam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6610 mulierem submissam, esse suam uxorem, et, ea petente debitum, velit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6611 eam cognoscere; excusatur voluntas eius, ut non sit mala, quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6612 error iste ex ignorantia circumstantiae provenit, quae excusat, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6613 involuntarium causat.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6614 <p title="I-II q. 19 a. 6 ad 1"><a name="34392"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6615 "ref">[34392] Iª-IIae q. 19 a. 6 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6616 ergo dicendum quod, sicut Dionysius dicit in IV cap. de Div. Nom.,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6617 <i>bonum causatur ex integra causa, malum autem ex singularibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6618 defectibus</i>. Et ideo ad hoc quod dicatur malum id in quod fertur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6619 voluntas, sufficit sive quod secundum suam naturam sit malum, sive
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6620 quod apprehendatur ut malum. Sed ad hoc quod sit bonum, requiritur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6621 quod utroque modo sit bonum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6622 <p title="I-II q. 19 a. 6 ad 2"><a name="34393"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6623 "ref">[34393] Iª-IIae q. 19 a. 6 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6624 dicendum quod lex aeterna errare non potest, sed ratio humana
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6625 potest errare. Et ideo voluntas concordans rationi humanae non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6626 semper est recta, nec semper est concordans legis aeternae.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6627 <p title="I-II q. 19 a. 6 ad 3"><a name="34394"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6628 "ref">[34394] Iª-IIae q. 19 a. 6 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6629 dicendum quod, sicut in syllogisticis, uno inconvenienti dato,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6630 necesse est alia sequi; ita in moralibus, uno inconvenienti posito,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6631 ex necessitate alia sequuntur. Sicut, supposito quod aliquis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6632 quaerat inanem gloriam, sive propter inanem gloriam faciat quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6633 facere tenetur, sive dimittat, peccabit. Nec tamen est perplexus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6634 quia potest intentionem malam dimittere. Et similiter, supposito
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6635 errore rationis vel conscientiae qui procedit ex ignorantia non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6636 excusante, necesse est quod sequatur malum in voluntate. Nec tamen
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6637 est homo perplexus, quia potest ab errore recedere, cum ignorantia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6638 sit vincibilis et voluntaria.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6639 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6640 <div class="E">Articulus 7</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6641 <p title="I-II q. 19 a. 7 arg. 1"><a name="34395"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6642 "ref">[34395] Iª-IIae q. 19 a. 7 arg. 1</span></a> Ad septimum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6643 sic proceditur. Videtur quod bonitas voluntatis non dependeat ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6644 intentione finis. Dictum est enim supra quod bonitas voluntatis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6645 dependet ex solo obiecto. Sed in his quae sunt ad finem, aliud est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6646 obiectum voluntatis, et aliud finis intentus. Ergo in talibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6647 bonitas voluntatis non dependet ab intentione finis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6648 <p title="I-II q. 19 a. 7 arg. 2"><a name="34396"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6649 "ref">[34396] Iª-IIae q. 19 a. 7 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6650 velle servare mandatum Dei, pertinet ad voluntatem bonam. Sed hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6651 potest referri ad malum finem, scilicet ad finem inanis gloriae,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6652 vel cupiditatis, dum aliquis vult obedire Deo propter temporalia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6653 consequenda. Ergo bonitas voluntatis non dependet ab intentione
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6654 finis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6655 <p title="I-II q. 19 a. 7 arg. 3"><a name="34397"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6656 "ref">[34397] Iª-IIae q. 19 a. 7 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6657 bonum et malum, sicut diversificant voluntatem, ita diversificant
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6658 finem. Sed malitia voluntatis non dependet a malitia finis intenti,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6659 qui enim vult furari ut det eleemosynam, voluntatem malam habet,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6660 licet intendat finem bonum. Ergo etiam bonitas voluntatis non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6661 dependet a bonitate finis intenti.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6662 <p title="I-II q. 19 a. 7 s. c."><a name="34398"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6663 "ref">[34398] Iª-IIae q. 19 a. 7 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6664 est quod Augustinus dicit, IX Confess., quod intentio remuneratur a
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6665 Deo. Sed ex eo aliquid remuneratur a Deo, quia est bonum. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6666 bonitas voluntatis ex intentione finis dependet.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6667 <p title="I-II q. 19 a. 7 co."><a name="34399"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6668 "ref">[34399] Iª-IIae q. 19 a. 7 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6669 dicendum quod intentio dupliciter se potest habere ad voluntatem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6670 uno modo, ut praecedens; alio modo, ut concomitans. Praecedit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6671 quidem causaliter intentio voluntatem, quando aliquid volumus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6672 propter intentionem alicuius finis. Et tunc ordo ad finem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6673 consideratur ut ratio quaedam bonitatis ipsius voliti, puta cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6674 aliquis vult ieiunare propter Deum, habet enim ieiunium rationem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6675 boni ex hoc ipso quod fit propter Deum. Unde, cum bonitas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6676 voluntatis dependeat a bonitate voliti, ut supra dictum est,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6677 necesse est quod dependeat ex intentione finis. Consequitur autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6678 intentio voluntatem, quando accedit voluntati praeexistenti, puta
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6679 si aliquis velit aliquid facere, et postea referat illud in Deum.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6680 Et tunc primae voluntatis bonitas non dependet ex intentione
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6681 sequenti, nisi quatenus reiteratur actus voluntatis cum sequenti
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6682 intentione.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6683 <p title="I-II q. 19 a. 7 ad 1"><a name="34400"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6684 "ref">[34400] Iª-IIae q. 19 a. 7 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6685 ergo dicendum quod, quando intentio est causa volendi, ordo ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6686 finem accipitur ut quaedam ratio bonitatis in obiecto, ut dictum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6687 est.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6688 <p title="I-II q. 19 a. 7 ad 2"><a name="34401"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6689 "ref">[34401] Iª-IIae q. 19 a. 7 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6690 dicendum quod voluntas non potest dici bona, si sit intentio mala
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6691 causa volendi. Qui enim vult dare eleemosynam propter inanem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6692 gloriam consequendam, vult id quod de se est bonum, sub ratione
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6693 mali, et ideo, prout est volitum ab ipso, est malum. Unde voluntas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6694 eius est mala. Sed si intentio sit consequens, tunc voluntas potuit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6695 esse bona, et per intentionem sequentem non depravatur ille actus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6696 voluntatis qui praecessit, sed actus voluntatis qui iteratur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6697 <p title="I-II q. 19 a. 7 ad 3"><a name="34402"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6698 "ref">[34402] Iª-IIae q. 19 a. 7 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6699 dicendum quod, sicut iam dictum est, malum contingit ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6700 singularibus defectibus, bonum vero ex tota et integra causa. Unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6701 sive voluntas sit eius quod est secundum se malum, etiam sub
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6702 ratione boni; sive sit boni sub ratione mali; semper voluntas erit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6703 mala. Sed ad hoc quod sit voluntas bona, requiritur quod sit boni
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6704 sub ratione boni; idest quod velit bonum, et propter bonum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6705 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6706 <div class="E">Articulus 8</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6707 <p title="I-II q. 19 a. 8 arg. 1"><a name="34403"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6708 "ref">[34403] Iª-IIae q. 19 a. 8 arg. 1</span></a> Ad octavum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6709 sic proceditur. Videtur quod quantitas bonitatis in voluntate,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6710 dependeat ex quantitate bonitatis in intentione. Quia super illud
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6711 Matth. XII, <i>bonus homo de thesauro bono cordis sui profert
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6712 bona</i>, dicit Glossa, tantum boni quis facit, quantum intendit.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6713 Sed intentio non solum dat bonitatem actui exteriori, sed etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6714 voluntati, ut dictum est. Ergo tantum aliquis habet bonam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6715 voluntatem, quantum intendit.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6716 <p title="I-II q. 19 a. 8 arg. 2"><a name="34404"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6717 "ref">[34404] Iª-IIae q. 19 a. 8 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6718 augmentata causa, augmentatur effectus. Sed intentionis bonitas est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6719 causa bonae voluntatis. Ergo quantum quis intendit de bono, tantum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6720 voluntas est bona.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6721 <p title="I-II q. 19 a. 8 arg. 3"><a name="34405"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6722 "ref">[34405] Iª-IIae q. 19 a. 8 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6723 in malis quantum aliquis intendit, tantum peccat, si enim aliquis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6724 proiiciens lapidem, intenderet facere homicidium, reus esset
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6725 homicidii. Ergo, pari ratione, in bonis tantum est bona voluntas,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6726 quantum aliquis bonum intendit.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6727 <p title="I-II q. 19 a. 8 s. c."><a name="34406"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6728 "ref">[34406] Iª-IIae q. 19 a. 8 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6729 potest esse intentio bona, et voluntas mala. Ergo, pari ratione,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6730 potest esse intentio magis bona, et voluntas minus bona.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6731 <p title="I-II q. 19 a. 8 co."><a name="34407"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6732 "ref">[34407] Iª-IIae q. 19 a. 8 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6733 dicendum quod circa actum et intentionem finis, duplex quantitas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6734 potest considerari, una ex parte obiecti, quia vult maius bonum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6735 vel agit; alia ex intensione actus, quia intense vult vel agit,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6736 quod est maius ex parte agentis. Si igitur loquamur de quantitate
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6737 utriusque quantum ad obiectum, manifestum est quod quantitas actus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6738 non sequitur quantitatem intentionis. Quod quidem ex parte actus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6739 exterioris, contingere potest dupliciter. Uno modo, quia obiectum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6740 quod ordinatur ad finem intentum, non est proportionatum fini illi,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6741 sicut si quis daret decem libras, non posset consequi suam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6742 intentionem, si intenderet emere rem valentem centum libras. Alio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6743 modo, propter impedimenta quae supervenire possunt circa exteriorem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6744 actum, quae non est in potestate nostra removere, puta, aliquis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6745 intendit ire usque Romam, et occurrunt ei impedimenta, quod non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6746 potest hoc facere. Sed ex parte interioris actus voluntatis, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6747 est nisi uno modo, quia interiores actus voluntatis sunt in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6748 potestate nostra, non autem exteriores actus. Sed voluntas potest
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6749 velle aliquod obiectum non proportionatum fini intento, et sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6750 voluntas quae fertur in illud obiectum absolute consideratum, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6751 est tantum bona, quantum est intentio. Sed quia etiam ipsa intentio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6752 quodammodo pertinet ad actum voluntatis, inquantum scilicet est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6753 ratio eius; propter hoc redundat quantitas bonae intentionis in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6754 voluntatem, inquantum scilicet voluntas vult aliquod bonum magnum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6755 ut finem, licet illud per quod vult consequi tantum bonum, non sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6756 dignum illo bono. Si vero consideretur quantitas intentionis et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6757 actus secundum intensionem utriusque, sic intensio intentionis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6758 redundat in actum interiorem et exteriorem voluntatis, quia ipsa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6759 intentio quodammodo se habet formaliter ad utrumque, ut ex supra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6760 dictis patet. Licet materialiter, intentione existente intensa,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6761 possit esse actus interior vel exterior non ita intensus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6762 materialiter loquendo, puta cum aliquis non ita intense vult
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6763 medicinam sumere, sicut vult sanitatem. Tamen hoc ipsum quod est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6764 intense intendere sanitatem, redundat formaliter in hoc quod est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6765 intense velle medicinam. Sed tamen hoc est considerandum, quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6766 intensio actus interioris vel exterioris potest referri ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6767 intentionem ut obiectum, puta cum aliquis intendit intense velle,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6768 vel aliquid intense operari. Et tamen non propter hoc intense vult
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6769 vel operatur, quia quantitatem boni intenti non sequitur bonitas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6770 actus interioris vel exterioris, ut dictum est. Et inde est quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6771 non quantum aliquis intendit mereri, meretur, quia quantitas meriti
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6772 consistit in intensione actus, ut infra dicetur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6773 <p title="I-II q. 19 a. 8 ad 1"><a name="34408"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6774 "ref">[34408] Iª-IIae q. 19 a. 8 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6775 ergo dicendum quod Glossa illa loquitur quantum ad reputationem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6776 Dei, qui praecipue considerat intentionem finis. Unde alia Glossa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6777 dicit ibidem quod <i>thesaurus cordis intentio est, ex qua Deus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6778 iudicat opera</i>. Bonitas enim intentionis, ut dictum est,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6779 redundat quodammodo in bonitatem voluntatis, quae facit etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6780 exteriorem actum meritorium apud Deum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6781 <p title="I-II q. 19 a. 8 ad 2"><a name="34409"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6782 "ref">[34409] Iª-IIae q. 19 a. 8 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6783 dicendum quod bonitas intentionis non est tota causa bonae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6784 voluntatis. Unde ratio non sequitur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6785 <p title="I-II q. 19 a. 8 ad 3"><a name="34410"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6786 "ref">[34410] Iª-IIae q. 19 a. 8 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6787 dicendum quod sola malitia intentionis sufficit ad malitiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6788 voluntatis, et ideo etiam quantum mala est intentio, tantum mala
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6789 est voluntas. Sed non est eadem ratio de bonitate, ut dictum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6790 est.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6791 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6792 <div class="E">Articulus 9</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6793 <p title="I-II q. 19 a. 9 arg. 1"><a name="34411"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6794 "ref">[34411] Iª-IIae q. 19 a. 9 arg. 1</span></a> Ad nonum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6795 sic proceditur. Videtur quod bonitas voluntatis humanae non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6796 dependeat ex conformitate voluntatis divinae. Impossibile est enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6797 voluntatem hominis conformari voluntati divinae, ut patet per id
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6798 quod dicitur Isaiae LV, <i>sicut exaltantur caeli a terra, ita
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6799 exaltatae sunt viae meae a viis vestris, et cogitationes meae a
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6800 cogitationibus vestris</i>. Si ergo ad bonitatem voluntatis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6801 requireretur conformitas ad divinam voluntatem, sequeretur quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6802 impossibile esset hominis voluntatem esse bonam. Quod est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6803 inconveniens.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6804 <p title="I-II q. 19 a. 9 arg. 2"><a name="34412"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6805 "ref">[34412] Iª-IIae q. 19 a. 9 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6806 sicut voluntas nostra derivatur a voluntate divina, ita scientia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6807 nostra derivatur a scientia divina. Sed non requiritur ad scientiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6808 nostram quod sit conformis scientiae divinae, multa enim Deus scit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6809 quae nos ignoramus. Ergo non requiritur quod voluntas nostra sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6810 conformis voluntati divinae.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6811 <p title="I-II q. 19 a. 9 arg. 3"><a name="34413"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6812 "ref">[34413] Iª-IIae q. 19 a. 9 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6813 voluntas est actionis principium. Sed actio nostra non potest
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6814 conformari actioni divinae. Ergo nec voluntas voluntati.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6815 <p title="I-II q. 19 a. 9 s. c."><a name="34414"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6816 "ref">[34414] Iª-IIae q. 19 a. 9 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6817 est quod dicitur Matth. XXVI, <i>non sicut ego volo, sed sicut tu
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6818 vis</i>, quod dicit quia rectum vult esse hominem, et ad Deum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6819 dirigi, ut Augustinus exponit in Enchirid. Rectitudo autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6820 voluntatis est bonitas eius. Ergo bonitas voluntatis dependet ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6821 conformitate ad voluntatem divinam.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6822 <p title="I-II q. 19 a. 9 co."><a name="34415"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6823 "ref">[34415] Iª-IIae q. 19 a. 9 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6824 dicendum quod, sicut dictum est, bonitas voluntatis dependet ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6825 intentione finis. Finis autem ultimus voluntatis humanae est summum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6826 bonum, quod est Deus, ut supra dictum est. Requiritur ergo ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6827 bonitatem humanae voluntatis, quod ordinetur ad summum bonum, quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6828 est Deus. Hoc autem bonum primo quidem et per se comparatur ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6829 voluntatem divinam ut obiectum proprium eius. Illud autem quod est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6830 primum in quolibet genere, est mensura et ratio omnium quae sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6831 illius generis. Unumquodque autem rectum et bonum est, inquantum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6832 attingit ad propriam mensuram. Ergo ad hoc quod voluntas hominis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6833 sit bona, requiritur quod conformetur voluntati divinae.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6834 <p title="I-II q. 19 a. 9 ad 1"><a name="34416"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6835 "ref">[34416] Iª-IIae q. 19 a. 9 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6836 ergo dicendum quod voluntas hominis non potest conformari voluntati
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6837 divinae per aequiparantiam, sed per imitationem. Et similiter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6838 conformatur scientia hominis scientiae divinae, inquantum cognoscit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6839 verum. Et actio hominis actioni divinae, inquantum est agenti
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6840 conveniens. Et hoc per imitationem, non autem per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6841 aequiparantiam.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6842 <p title="I-II q. 19 a. 9 ad 2"><a name="34417"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6843 "ref">[34417] Iª-IIae q. 19 a. 9 ad 2</span></a> Unde patet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6844 solutio ad secundum, et ad tertium argumentum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6845 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6846 <div class="E">Articulus 10</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6847 <p title="I-II q. 19 a. 10 arg. 1"><a name="34418"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6848 "ref">[34418] Iª-IIae q. 19 a. 10 arg. 1</span></a> Ad decimum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6849 sic proceditur. Videtur quod voluntas hominis non debeat semper
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6850 conformari divinae voluntati in volito. Non enim possumus velle
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6851 quod ignoramus, bonum enim apprehensum est obiectum voluntatis. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6852 quid Deus velit, ignoramus in plurimis. Ergo non potest humana
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6853 voluntas divinae voluntati conformari in volito.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6854 <p title="I-II q. 19 a. 10 arg. 2"><a name="34419"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6855 "ref">[34419] Iª-IIae q. 19 a. 10 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6856 Deus vult damnare aliquem, quem praescit in mortali peccato
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6857 moriturum. Si ergo homo teneretur conformare voluntatem suam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6858 divinae voluntati in volito, sequeretur quod homo teneretur velle
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6859 suam damnationem. Quod est inconveniens.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6860 <p title="I-II q. 19 a. 10 arg. 3"><a name="34420"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6861 "ref">[34420] Iª-IIae q. 19 a. 10 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6862 nullus tenetur velle aliquid quod est contra pietatem. Sed si homo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6863 vellet illud quod Deus vult, hoc esset quandoque contra pietatem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6864 puta, cum Deus vult mori patrem alicuius, si filius hoc idem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6865 vellet, contra pietatem esset. Ergo non tenetur homo conformare
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6866 voluntatem suam voluntati divinae in volito.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6867 <p title="I-II q. 19 a. 10 s. c. 1"><a name="34421"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6868 "ref">[34421] Iª-IIae q. 19 a. 10 s. c. 1</span></a> Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6869 contra est quia super illud Psalmi XXXII, <i>rectos decet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6870 collaudatio</i>, dicit Glossa, <i>rectum cor habet qui vult quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6871 Deus vult</i>. Sed quilibet tenetur habere rectum cor. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6872 quilibet tenetur velle quod Deus vult.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6873 <p title="I-II q. 19 a. 10 s. c. 2"><a name="34422"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6874 "ref">[34422] Iª-IIae q. 19 a. 10 s. c. 2</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6875 Praeterea, forma voluntatis est ex obiecto sicut et cuiuslibet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6876 actus. Si ergo tenetur homo conformare voluntatem suam voluntati
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6877 divinae, sequitur quod teneatur conformare in volito.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6878 <p title="I-II q. 19 a. 10 s. c. 3"><a name="34423"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6879 "ref">[34423] Iª-IIae q. 19 a. 10 s. c. 3</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6880 Praeterea, repugnantia voluntatum consistit in hoc, quod homines
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6881 diversa volunt. Sed quicumque habet voluntatem repugnantem divinae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6882 voluntati, habet malam voluntatem. Ergo quicumque non conformat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6883 voluntatem suam voluntati divinae in volito, habet malam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6884 voluntatem.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6885 <p title="I-II q. 19 a. 10 co."><a name="34424"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6886 "ref">[34424] Iª-IIae q. 19 a. 10 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6887 dicendum quod, sicut ex praedictis patet, voluntas fertur in suum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6888 obiectum secundum quod a ratione proponitur. Contingit autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6889 aliquid a ratione considerari diversimode, ita quod sub una ratione
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6890 est bonum, et secundum aliam rationem non bonum. Et ideo voluntas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6891 alicuius, si velit illud esse, secundum quod habet rationem boni,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6892 est bona, et voluntas alterius, si velit illud idem non esse,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6893 secundum quod habet rationem mali, erit voluntas etiam bona. Sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6894 iudex habet bonam voluntatem, dum vult occisionem latronis, quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6895 iusta est, voluntas autem alterius, puta uxoris vel filii, qui non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6896 vult occidi ipsum, inquantum est secundum naturam mala occisio, est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6897 etiam bona. Cum autem voluntas sequatur apprehensionem rationis vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6898 intellectus, secundum quod ratio boni apprehensi fuerit communior,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6899 secundum hoc et voluntas fertur in bonum communius. Sicut patet in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6900 exemplo proposito, nam iudex habet curam boni communis, quod est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6901 iustitia, et ideo vult occisionem latronis, quae habet rationem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6902 boni secundum relationem ad statum communem; uxor autem latronis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6903 considerare habet bonum privatum familiae, et secundum hoc vult
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6904 maritum latronem non occidi. Bonum autem totius universi est id
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6905 quod est apprehensum a Deo, qui est universi factor et gubernator,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6906 unde quidquid vult, vult sub ratione boni communis, quod est sua
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6907 bonitas, quae est bonum totius universi. Apprehensio autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6908 creaturae, secundum suam naturam, est alicuius boni particularis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6909 proportionati suae naturae. Contingit autem aliquid esse bonum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6910 secundum rationem particularem, quod non est bonum secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6911 rationem universalem, aut e converso, ut dictum est. Et ideo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6912 contingit quod aliqua voluntas est bona volens aliquid secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6913 rationem particularem consideratum, quod tamen Deus non vult
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6914 secundum rationem universalem, et e converso. Et inde est etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6915 quod possunt diversae voluntates diversorum hominum circa opposita
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6916 esse bonae, prout sub diversis rationibus particularibus volunt hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6917 esse vel non esse. Non est autem recta voluntas alicuius hominis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6918 volentis aliquod bonum particulare, nisi referat illud in bonum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6919 commune sicut in finem, cum etiam naturalis appetitus cuiuslibet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6920 partis ordinetur in bonum commune totius. Ex fine autem sumitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6921 quasi formalis ratio volendi illud quod ad finem ordinatur. Unde ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6922 hoc quod aliquis recta voluntate velit aliquod particulare bonum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6923 oportet quod illud particulare bonum sit volitum materialiter,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6924 bonum autem commune divinum sit volitum formaliter. Voluntas igitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6925 humana tenetur conformari divinae voluntati in volito formaliter,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6926 tenetur enim velle bonum divinum et commune, sed non materialiter,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6927 ratione iam dicta. Sed tamen quantum ad utrumque, aliquo modo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6928 voluntas humana conformatur voluntati divinae. Quia secundum quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6929 conformatur voluntati divinae in communi ratione voliti,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6930 conformatur ei in fine ultimo. Secundum autem quod non conformatur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6931 ei in volito materialiter, conformatur ei secundum rationem causae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6932 efficientis, quia hanc propriam inclinationem consequentem naturam,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6933 vel apprehensionem particularem huius rei, habet res a Deo sicut a
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6934 causa effectiva. Unde consuevit dici quod conformatur, quantum ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6935 hoc, voluntas hominis voluntati divinae, quia vult hoc quod Deus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6936 vult eum velle. Est et alius modus conformitatis secundum rationem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6937 causae formalis, ut scilicet homo velit aliquid ex caritate, sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6938 Deus vult. Et ista etiam conformitas reducitur ad conformitatem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6939 formalem quae attenditur ex ordine ad ultimum finem, quod est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6940 proprium obiectum caritatis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6941 <p title="I-II q. 19 a. 10 ad 1"><a name="34425"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6942 "ref">[34425] Iª-IIae q. 19 a. 10 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6943 ergo dicendum quod volitum divinum, secundum rationem communem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6944 quale sit, scire possumus. Scimus enim quod Deus quidquid vult,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6945 vult sub ratione boni. Et ideo quicumque vult aliquid sub quacumque
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6946 ratione boni, habet voluntatem conformem voluntati divinae, quantum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6947 ad rationem voliti. Sed in particulari nescimus quid Deus velit. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6948 quantum ad hoc, non tenemur conformare voluntatem nostram divinae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6949 voluntati. In statu tamen gloriae, omnes videbunt in singulis quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6950 volent, ordinem eorum ad id quod Deus circa hoc vult. Et ideo non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6951 solum formaliter, sed materialiter in omnibus suam voluntatem Deo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6952 conformabunt.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6953 <p title="I-II q. 19 a. 10 ad 2"><a name="34426"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6954 "ref">[34426] Iª-IIae q. 19 a. 10 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6955 dicendum quod Deus non vult damnationem alicuius sub ratione
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6956 damnationis, nec mortem alicuius inquantum est mors, <i>quia ipse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6957 vult omnes homines salvos fieri</i>, sed vult ista sub ratione
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6958 iustitiae. Unde sufficit circa talia quod homo velit iustitiam Dei,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6959 et ordinem naturae servari.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6960 <p title="I-II q. 19 a. 10 ad 3"><a name="34427"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6961 "ref">[34427] Iª-IIae q. 19 a. 10 ad 3</span></a> Unde patet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6962 solutio ad tertium.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6963 <p title="I-II q. 19 a. 10 ad 4"><a name="34428"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6964 "ref">[34428] Iª-IIae q. 19 a. 10 ad 4</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6965 vero quod in contrarium obiiciebatur, dicendum quod magis vult quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6966 Deus vult, qui conformat voluntatem suam voluntati divinae quantum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6967 ad rationem voliti, quam qui conformat quantum ad ipsam rem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6968 volitam, quia voluntas principalius fertur in finem, quam in id
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6969 quod est ad finem.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6970 <p title="I-II q. 19 a. 10 ad 5"><a name="34429"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6971 "ref">[34429] Iª-IIae q. 19 a. 10 ad 5</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6972 dicendum quod species et forma actus magis attenditur secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6973 rationem obiecti, quam secundum id quod est materiale in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6974 obiecto.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6975 <p title="I-II q. 19 a. 10 ad 6"><a name="34430"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6976 "ref">[34430] Iª-IIae q. 19 a. 10 ad 6</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6977 dicendum quod non est repugnantia voluntatum, quando aliqui diversa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6978 volunt non secundum eandem rationem. Sed si sub una ratione esset
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6979 aliquid ab uno volitum, quod alius nollet, hoc induceret
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6980 repugnantiam voluntatum. Quod tamen non est in proposito.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6981 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6982 <div class="D">Quaestio 20</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6983 <div class="G">Prooemium</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6984 <p title="I-II q. 20 pr."><a name="34431"><span class="ref">[34431]
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6985 Iª-IIae q. 20 pr.</span></a> Deinde considerandum est de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6986 bonitate et malitia quantum ad exteriores actus. Et circa hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6987 quaeruntur sex. Primo, utrum bonitas et malitia per prius sit in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6988 actu voluntatis, vel in actu exteriori secundo, utrum tota bonitas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6989 vel malitia actus exterioris dependeat ex bonitate voluntatis.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6990 Tertio, utrum sit eadem bonitas et malitia interioris et exterioris
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6991 actus. Quarto, utrum actus exterior aliquid addat de bonitate vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6992 malitia supra actum interiorem. Quinto, utrum eventus sequens
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6993 aliquid addat de bonitate vel malitia ad actum exteriorem. Sexto,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6994 utrum idem actus exterior possit esse bonus et malus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6995 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6996 <div class="E">Articulus 1</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6997 <p title="I-II q. 20 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="34432"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6998 "ref">[34432] Iª-IIae q. 20 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6999 sic proceditur. Videtur quod bonum et malum per prius consistat in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7000 actu exteriori quam in actu voluntatis. Voluntas enim habet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7001 bonitatem ex obiecto, ut supra dictum est. Sed actus exterior est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7002 obiectum interioris actus voluntatis, dicimur enim velle furtum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7003 vel velle dare eleemosynam. Ergo malum et bonum per prius est in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7004 actu exteriori, quam in actu voluntatis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7005 <p title="I-II q. 20 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="34433"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7006 "ref">[34433] Iª-IIae q. 20 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7007 bonum per prius convenit fini, quia ea quae sunt ad finem, habent
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7008 rationem boni ex ordine ad finem. Actus autem voluntatis non potest
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7009 esse finis, ut supra dictum est, actus alicuius alterius potentiae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7010 potest esse finis. Ergo per prius consistit bonum in actu potentiae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7011 alterius, quam in actu voluntatis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7012 <p title="I-II q. 20 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="34434"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7013 "ref">[34434] Iª-IIae q. 20 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7014 actus voluntatis formaliter se habet ad actum exteriorem, ut supra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7015 dictum est. Sed id quod est formale, est posterius, nam forma
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7016 advenit materiae. Ergo per prius est bonum et malum in actu
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7017 exteriori quam in actu voluntatis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7018 <p title="I-II q. 20 a. 1 s. c."><a name="34435"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7019 "ref">[34435] Iª-IIae q. 20 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7020 est quod Augustinus dicit, in libro Retract., quod <i>voluntas est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7021 qua peccatur, et recte vivitur</i>. Ergo bonum et malum morale per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7022 prius consistit in voluntate.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7023 <p title="I-II q. 20 a. 1 co."><a name="34436"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7024 "ref">[34436] Iª-IIae q. 20 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7025 dicendum quod aliqui actus exteriores possunt dici boni vel mali
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7026 dupliciter. Uno modo, secundum genus suum, et secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7027 circumstantias in ipsis consideratas, sicut dare eleemosynam,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7028 servatis debitis circumstantiis, dicitur esse bonum. Alio modo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7029 dicitur aliquid esse bonum vel malum ex ordine ad finem, sicut dare
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7030 eleemosynam propter inanem gloriam, dicitur esse malum. Cum autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7031 finis sit proprium obiectum voluntatis, manifestum est quod ista
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7032 ratio boni vel mali quam habet actus exterior ex ordine ad finem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7033 per prius invenitur in actu voluntatis, et ex eo derivatur ad actum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7034 exteriorem. Bonitas autem vel malitia quam habet actus exterior
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7035 secundum se, propter debitam materiam et debitas circumstantias,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7036 non derivatur a voluntate, sed magis a ratione. Unde si
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7037 consideretur bonitas exterioris actus secundum quod est in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7038 ordinatione et apprehensione rationis, prior est quam bonitas actus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7039 voluntatis, sed si consideretur secundum quod est in executione
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7040 operis, sequitur bonitatem voluntatis, quae est principium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7041 eius.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7042 <p title="I-II q. 20 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="34437"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7043 "ref">[34437] Iª-IIae q. 20 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7044 ergo dicendum quod actus exterior est obiectum voluntatis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7045 inquantum proponitur voluntati a ratione ut quoddam bonum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7046 apprehensum et ordinatum per rationem, et sic est prius quam bonum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7047 actus voluntatis. Inquantum vero consistit in executione operis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7048 est effectus voluntatis, et sequitur voluntatem.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7049 <p title="I-II q. 20 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="34438"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7050 "ref">[34438] Iª-IIae q. 20 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7051 dicendum quod finis est prior in intentione, sed est posterior in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7052 executione.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7053 <p title="I-II q. 20 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="34439"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7054 "ref">[34439] Iª-IIae q. 20 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7055 dicendum quod forma, secundum quod est recepta in materia, est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7056 posterior in via generationis quam materia, licet sit prior natura,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7057 sed secundum quod est in causa agente, est omnibus modis prior.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7058 Voluntas autem comparatur ad actum exteriorem sicut causa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7059 efficiens. Unde bonitas actus voluntatis est forma exterioris
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7060 actus, sicut in causa agente existens.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7061 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7062 <div class="E">Articulus 2</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7063 <p title="I-II q. 20 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="34440"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7064 "ref">[34440] Iª-IIae q. 20 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7065 sic proceditur. Videtur quod tota bonitas et malitia actus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7066 exterioris dependeat ex voluntate. Dicitur enim Matth. VII, <i>non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7067 potest arbor bona malos fructus facere, nec arbor mala facere
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7068 fructus bonos</i>. Per arborem autem intelligitur voluntas, et per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7069 fructum opus, secundum Glossam. Ergo non potest esse quod voluntas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7070 interior sit bona, et actus exterior sit malus; aut e converso.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7071 <p title="I-II q. 20 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="34441"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7072 "ref">[34441] Iª-IIae q. 20 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7073 Augustinus dicit, in libro Retract., quod non nisi voluntate
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7074 peccatur. Si ergo non sit peccatum in voluntate, non erit peccatum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7075 in exteriori actu. Et ita tota bonitas vel malitia exterioris actus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7076 ex voluntate dependet.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7077 <p title="I-II q. 20 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="34442"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7078 "ref">[34442] Iª-IIae q. 20 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7079 bonum et malum de quo nunc loquimur, sunt differentiae moralis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7080 actus. Differentiae autem per se dividunt genus, secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7081 philosophum, in VII Metaphys. Cum igitur actus sit moralis ex eo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7082 quod est voluntarius, videtur quod bonum et malum accipitur in actu
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7083 solum ex parte voluntatis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7084 <p title="I-II q. 20 a. 2 s. c."><a name="34443"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7085 "ref">[34443] Iª-IIae q. 20 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7086 est quod Augustinus dicit, in libro contra mendacium, quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7087 <i>quaedam sunt quae nullo quasi bono fine, aut bona voluntate,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7088 possunt bene fieri</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7089 <p title="I-II q. 20 a. 2 co."><a name="34444"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7090 "ref">[34444] Iª-IIae q. 20 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7091 dicendum quod, sicut iam dictum est, in actu exteriori potest
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7092 considerari duplex bonitas vel malitia, una secundum debitam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7093 materiam et circumstantias; alia secundum ordinem ad finem. Et illa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7094 quidem quae est secundum ordinem ad finem, tota dependet ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7095 voluntate. Illa autem quae est ex debita materia vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7096 circumstantiis, dependet ex ratione, et ex hac dependet bonitas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7097 voluntatis, secundum quod in ipsam fertur. Est autem considerandum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7098 quod, sicut supra dictum est, ad hoc quod aliquid sit malum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7099 sufficit unus singularis defectus, ad hoc autem quod sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7100 simpliciter bonum, non sufficit unum singulare bonum, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7101 requiritur integritas bonitatis. Si igitur voluntas sit bona et ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7102 obiecto proprio, et ex fine, consequens est actum exteriorem esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7103 bonum. Sed non sufficit ad hoc quod actus exterior sit bonus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7104 bonitas voluntatis quae est ex intentione finis, sed si voluntas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7105 sit mala sive ex intentione finis, sive ex actu volito, consequens
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7106 est actum exteriorem esse malum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7107 <p title="I-II q. 20 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="34445"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7108 "ref">[34445] Iª-IIae q. 20 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7109 ergo dicendum quod voluntas bona, prout significatur per arborem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7110 bonam, est accipienda secundum quod habet bonitatem ex actu volito,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7111 et ex fine intento.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7112 <p title="I-II q. 20 a. 2 ad 2"><a name="34446"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7113 "ref">[34446] Iª-IIae q. 20 a. 2 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7114 dicendum quod non solum aliquis voluntate peccat, quando vult malum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7115 finem; sed etiam quando vult malum actum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7116 <p title="I-II q. 20 a. 2 ad 3"><a name="34447"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7117 "ref">[34447] Iª-IIae q. 20 a. 2 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7118 dicendum quod voluntarium dicitur non solum actus interior
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7119 voluntatis, sed etiam actus exteriores, prout a voluntate procedunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7120 et ratione. Et ideo circa utrosque actus potest esse differentia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7121 boni et mali.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7122 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7123 <div class="E">Articulus 3</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7124 <p title="I-II q. 20 a. 3 arg. 1"><a name="34448"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7125 "ref">[34448] Iª-IIae q. 20 a. 3 arg. 1</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7126 sic proceditur. Videtur quod non eadem sit bonitas vel malitia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7127 actus interioris voluntatis, et exterioris actus. Actus enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7128 interioris principium est vis animae interior apprehensiva vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7129 appetitiva, actus autem exterioris principium est potentia exequens
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7130 motum. Ubi autem sunt diversa principia actionis, ibi sunt diversi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7131 actus. Actus autem est subiectum bonitatis vel malitiae. Non potest
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7132 autem esse idem accidens in diversis subiectis. Ergo non potest
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7133 esse eadem bonitas interioris et exterioris actus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7134 <p title="I-II q. 20 a. 3 arg. 2"><a name="34449"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7135 "ref">[34449] Iª-IIae q. 20 a. 3 arg. 2</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7136 <i>Praeterea, virtus est quae bonum facit habentem, et opus eius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7137 bonum reddit</i>, ut dicitur in II Ethic. Sed alia est virtus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7138 intellectualis in potentia imperante, et alia virtus moralis in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7139 potentia imperata, ut patet ex I Ethic. Ergo alia est bonitas actus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7140 interioris, qui est potentiae imperantis, et alia est bonitas actus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7141 exterioris, qui est potentiae imperatae.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7142 <p title="I-II q. 20 a. 3 arg. 3"><a name="34450"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7143 "ref">[34450] Iª-IIae q. 20 a. 3 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7144 causa et effectus idem esse non possunt, nihil enim est causa sui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7145 ipsius. Sed bonitas actus interioris est causa bonitatis actus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7146 exterioris, aut e converso, ut dictum est. Ergo non potest esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7147 eadem bonitas utriusque.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7148 <p title="I-II q. 20 a. 3 s. c."><a name="34451"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7149 "ref">[34451] Iª-IIae q. 20 a. 3 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7150 est quod supra ostensum est quod actus voluntatis se habet ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7151 formale ad actum exteriorem. Ex formali autem et materiali fit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7152 unum. Ergo est una bonitas actus interioris et exterioris.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7153 <p title="I-II q. 20 a. 3 co."><a name="34452"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7154 "ref">[34452] Iª-IIae q. 20 a. 3 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7155 dicendum quod, sicut supra dictum est, actus interior voluntatis et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7156 actus exterior, prout considerantur in genere moris, sunt unus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7157 actus. Contingit autem quandoque actum qui est unus subiecto,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7158 habere plures rationes bonitatis vel malitiae; et quandoque unam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7159 tantum. Sic ergo dicendum quod quandoque est eadem bonitas vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7160 malitia interioris et exterioris actus; quandoque alia et alia.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7161 Sicut enim iam dictum est, praedictae duae bonitates vel malitiae,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7162 scilicet interioris et exterioris actus, ad invicem ordinantur.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7163 Contingit autem in his quae ad aliud ordinantur, quod aliquid est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7164 bonum ex hoc solum quod ad aliud ordinatur, sicut potio amara ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7165 hoc solo est bona, quod est sanativa. Unde non est alia bonitas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7166 sanitatis et potionis, sed una et eadem. Quandoque vero illud quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7167 ad aliud ordinatur, habet in se aliquam rationem boni, etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7168 praeter ordinem ad aliud bonum, sicut medicina saporosa habet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7169 rationem boni delectabilis, praeter hoc quod est sanativa. Sic ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7170 dicendum quod, quando actus exterior est bonus vel malus solum ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7171 ordine ad finem, tunc est omnino eadem bonitas vel malitia actus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7172 voluntatis, qui per se respicit finem, et actus exterioris, qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7173 respicit finem mediante actu voluntatis. Quando autem actus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7174 exterior habet bonitatem vel malitiam secundum se, scilicet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7175 secundum materiam vel circumstantias, tunc bonitas exterioris actus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7176 est una, et bonitas voluntatis quae est ex fine, est alia, ita
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7177 tamen quod et bonitas finis ex voluntate redundat in actum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7178 exteriorem, et bonitas materiae et circumstantiarum redundat in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7179 actum voluntatis, sicut iam dictum est.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7180 <p title="I-II q. 20 a. 3 ad 1"><a name="34453"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7181 "ref">[34453] Iª-IIae q. 20 a. 3 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7182 ergo dicendum quod ratio illa probat quod actus interior et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7183 exterior sunt diversi secundum genus naturae. Sed tamen ex eis sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7184 diversis constituitur unum in genere moris, ut supra dictum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7185 est.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7186 <p title="I-II q. 20 a. 3 ad 2"><a name="34454"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7187 "ref">[34454] Iª-IIae q. 20 a. 3 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7188 dicendum quod, sicut dicitur in VI Ethic., virtutes morales
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7189 ordinantur ad ipsos actus virtutum, qui sunt quasi fines; prudentia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7190 autem, quae est in ratione, ad ea quae sunt ad finem. Et propter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7191 hoc requiruntur diversae virtutes. Sed ratio recta de ipso fine
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7192 virtutum non habet aliam bonitatem quam bonitatem virtutis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7193 secundum quod bonitas rationis participatur in qualibet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7194 virtute.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7195 <p title="I-II q. 20 a. 3 ad 3"><a name="34455"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7196 "ref">[34455] Iª-IIae q. 20 a. 3 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7197 dicendum quod, quando aliquid ex uno derivatur in alterum sicut ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7198 causa agente univoca, tunc aliud est quod est in utroque, sicut cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7199 calidum calefacit, alius numero est calor calefacientis, et calor
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7200 calefacti, licet idem specie. Sed quando aliquid derivatur ab uno
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7201 in alterum secundum analogiam vel proportionem, tunc est tantum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7202 unum numero, sicut a sano quod est in corpore animalis, derivatur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7203 sanum ad medicinam et urinam; nec alia sanitas est medicinae et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7204 urinae, quam sanitas animalis, quam medicina facit, et urina
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7205 significat. Et hoc modo a bonitate voluntatis derivatur bonitas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7206 actus exterioris, et e converso, scilicet secundum ordinem unius ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7207 alterum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7208 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7209 <div class="E">Articulus 4</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7210 <p title="I-II q. 20 a. 4 arg. 1"><a name="34456"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7211 "ref">[34456] Iª-IIae q. 20 a. 4 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quartum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7212 sic proceditur. Videtur quod exterior actus non addat in bonitate
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7213 vel malitia supra actum interiorem. Dicit enim Chrysostomus, super
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7214 Matth., <i>voluntas est quae aut remuneratur pro bono, aut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7215 condemnatur pro malo</i>. Opera autem testimonia sunt voluntatis.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7216 Non ergo quaerit Deus opera propter se, ut sciat quomodo iudicet;
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7217 sed propter alios, ut omnes intelligant quia iustus est Deus. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7218 malum vel bonum magis est aestimandum secundum iudicium Dei, quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7219 secundum iudicium hominum. Ergo actus exterior nihil addit ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7220 bonitatem vel malitiam super actum interiorem.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7221 <p title="I-II q. 20 a. 4 arg. 2"><a name="34457"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7222 "ref">[34457] Iª-IIae q. 20 a. 4 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7223 una et eadem est bonitas interioris et exterioris actus, ut dictum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7224 est. Sed augmentum fit per additionem unius ad alterum. Ergo actus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7225 exterior non addit in bonitate vel malitia super actum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7226 interiorem.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7227 <p title="I-II q. 20 a. 4 arg. 3"><a name="34458"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7228 "ref">[34458] Iª-IIae q. 20 a. 4 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7229 tota bonitas creaturae nihil addit supra bonitatem divinam, quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7230 tota derivatur a bonitate divina. Sed bonitas actus exterioris
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7231 quandoque tota derivatur ex bonitate actus interioris, quandoque
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7232 autem e converso, ut dictum est. Non ergo unum eorum addit in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7233 bonitate vel malitia super alterum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7234 <p title="I-II q. 20 a. 4 s. c."><a name="34459"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7235 "ref">[34459] Iª-IIae q. 20 a. 4 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7236 omne agens intendit consequi bonum et vitare malum. Si ergo per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7237 actum exteriorem nihil additur de bonitate vel malitia, frustra qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7238 habet bonam voluntatem vel malam, facit opus bonum, aut desistit a
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7239 malo opere. Quod est inconveniens.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7240 <p title="I-II q. 20 a. 4 co."><a name="34460"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7241 "ref">[34460] Iª-IIae q. 20 a. 4 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7242 dicendum quod, si loquamur de bonitate exterioris actus quam habet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7243 ex voluntate finis, tunc actus exterior nihil addit ad bonitatem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7244 nisi contingat ipsam voluntatem secundum se fieri meliorem in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7245 bonis, vel peiorem in malis. Quod quidem videtur posse contingere
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7246 tripliciter. Uno modo, secundum numerum. Puta, cum aliquis vult
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7247 aliquid facere bono fine vel malo, et tunc quidem non facit,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7248 postmodum autem vult et facit; duplicatur actus voluntatis, et sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7249 fit duplex bonum vel duplex malum. Alio modo, quantum ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7250 extensionem. Puta, cum aliquis vult facere aliquid bono fine vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7251 malo et propter aliquod impedimentum desistit; alius autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7252 continuat motum voluntatis quousque opere perficiat; manifestum est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7253 quod huiusmodi voluntas est diuturnior in bono vel malo, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7254 secundum hoc est peior vel melior. Tertio, secundum intensionem.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7255 Sunt enim quidam actus exteriores qui, inquantum sunt delectabiles
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7256 vel poenosi, nati sunt intendere voluntatem vel remittere. Constat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7257 autem quod quanto voluntas intensius tendit in bonum vel malum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7258 tanto est melior vel peior. Si autem loquamur de bonitate actus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7259 exterioris quam habet secundum materiam et debitas circumstantias,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7260 sic comparatur ad voluntatem ut terminus et finis. Et hoc modo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7261 addit ad bonitatem vel malitiam voluntatis, quia omnis inclinatio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7262 vel motus perficitur in hoc quod consequitur finem, vel attingit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7263 terminum. Unde non est perfecta voluntas, nisi sit talis quae,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7264 opportunitate data, operetur. Si vero possibilitas desit, voluntate
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7265 existente perfecta, ut operaretur si posset; defectus perfectionis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7266 quae est ex actu exteriori, est simpliciter involuntarium.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7267 Involuntarium autem, sicut non meretur poenam vel praemium in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7268 operando bonum aut malum, ita non tollit aliquid de praemio vel de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7269 poena, si homo involuntarie simpliciter deficiat ad faciendum bonum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7270 vel malum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7271 <p title="I-II q. 20 a. 4 ad 1"><a name="34461"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7272 "ref">[34461] Iª-IIae q. 20 a. 4 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7273 ergo dicendum quod Chrysostomus loquitur, quando voluntas hominis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7274 est consummata, et non cessatur ab actu nisi propter impotentiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7275 faciendi.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7276 <p title="I-II q. 20 a. 4 ad 2"><a name="34462"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7277 "ref">[34462] Iª-IIae q. 20 a. 4 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7278 dicendum quod ratio illa procedit de bonitate actus exterioris quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7279 habet a voluntate finis. Sed bonitas actus exterioris quam habet ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7280 materia et circumstantiis, est alia a bonitate voluntatis quae est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7281 ex fine, non autem alia a bonitate voluntatis quam habet ex ipso
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7282 actu volito, sed comparatur ad ipsam ut ratio et causa eius, sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7283 supra dictum est.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7284 <p title="I-II q. 20 a. 4 ad 3"><a name="34463"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7285 "ref">[34463] Iª-IIae q. 20 a. 4 ad 3</span></a> Et per hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7286 etiam patet solutio ad tertium.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7287 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7288 <div class="E">Articulus 5</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7289 <p title="I-II q. 20 a. 5 arg. 1"><a name="34464"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7290 "ref">[34464] Iª-IIae q. 20 a. 5 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quintum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7291 sic proceditur. Videtur quod eventus sequens addat ad bonitatem vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7292 malitiam actus. Effectus enim virtute praeexistit in causa. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7293 eventus consequuntur actus sicut effectus causas. Ergo virtute
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7294 praeexistunt in actibus. Sed unumquodque secundum suam virtutem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7295 iudicatur bonum vel malum, nam virtus est quae bonum facit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7296 habentem, ut dicitur in II Ethic. Ergo eventus addunt ad bonitatem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7297 vel malitiam actus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7298 <p title="I-II q. 20 a. 5 arg. 2"><a name="34465"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7299 "ref">[34465] Iª-IIae q. 20 a. 5 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7300 bona quae faciunt auditores, sunt effectus quidam consequentes ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7301 praedicatione doctoris. Sed huiusmodi bona redundant ad meritum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7302 praedicatoris, ut patet per id quod dicitur Philipp. IV, <i>fratres
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7303 mei carissimi et desideratissimi, gaudium meum et corona mea</i>.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7304 Ergo eventus sequens addit ad bonitatem vel malitiam actus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7305 <p title="I-II q. 20 a. 5 arg. 3"><a name="34466"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7306 "ref">[34466] Iª-IIae q. 20 a. 5 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7307 poena non additur nisi crescente culpa, unde dicitur Deut. XXV,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7308 <i>pro mensura peccati, erit et plagarum modus</i>. Sed ex eventu
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7309 sequente additur ad poenam, dicitur enim Exod. XXI, <i>quod si bos
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7310 fuerit cornupeta ab heri et nudius tertius, et contestati sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7311 dominum eius, nec recluserit eum, occideritque virum aut mulierem;
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7312 et bos lapidibus obruetur, et dominum eius occident</i>. Non autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7313 occideretur, si bos non occidisset hominem, etiam non reclusus.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7314 Ergo eventus sequens addit ad bonitatem vel malitiam actus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7315 <p title="I-II q. 20 a. 5 arg. 4"><a name="34467"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7316 "ref">[34467] Iª-IIae q. 20 a. 5 arg. 4</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7317 si aliquis ingerat causam mortis percutiendo vel sententiam dando,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7318 et mors non sequatur, non contrahitur irregularitas. Contraheretur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7319 autem si mors sequeretur. Ergo eventus sequens addit ad bonitatem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7320 vel malitiam actus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7321 <p title="I-II q. 20 a. 5 s. c."><a name="34468"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7322 "ref">[34468] Iª-IIae q. 20 a. 5 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7323 eventus sequens non facit actum malum qui erat bonus, nec bonum qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7324 erat malus. Puta si aliquis det eleemosynam pauperi, qua ille
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7325 abutatur ad peccatum, nihil deperit ei qui eleemosynam fecit, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7326 similiter si aliquis patienter ferat iniuriam sibi factam, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7327 propter hoc excusatur ille qui fecit. Ergo eventus sequens non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7328 addit ad bonitatem vel malitiam actus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7329 <p title="I-II q. 20 a. 5 co."><a name="34469"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7330 "ref">[34469] Iª-IIae q. 20 a. 5 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7331 dicendum quod eventus sequens aut est praecogitatus, aut non. Si
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7332 est praecogitatus, manifestum est quod addit ad bonitatem vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7333 malitiam. Cum enim aliquis cogitans quod ex opere suo multa mala
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7334 possunt sequi, nec propter hoc dimittit, ex hoc apparet voluntas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7335 eius esse magis inordinata. Si autem eventus sequens non sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7336 praecogitatus, tunc distinguendum est. Quia si per se sequitur ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7337 tali actu, et ut in pluribus, secundum hoc eventus sequens addit ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7338 bonitatem vel malitiam actus, manifestum est enim meliorem actum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7339 esse ex suo genere, ex quo possunt plura bona sequi; et peiorem, ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7340 quo nata sunt plura mala sequi. Si vero per accidens, et ut in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7341 paucioribus, tunc eventus sequens non addit ad bonitatem vel ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7342 malitiam actus, non enim datur iudicium de re aliqua secundum illud
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7343 quod est per accidens, sed solum secundum illud quod est per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7344 se.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7345 <p title="I-II q. 20 a. 5 ad 1"><a name="34470"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7346 "ref">[34470] Iª-IIae q. 20 a. 5 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7347 ergo dicendum quod virtus causae existimatur secundum effectus per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7348 se, non autem secundum effectus per accidens.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7349 <p title="I-II q. 20 a. 5 ad 2"><a name="34471"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7350 "ref">[34471] Iª-IIae q. 20 a. 5 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7351 dicendum quod bona quae auditores faciunt, consequuntur ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7352 praedicatione doctoris sicut effectus per se. Unde redundant ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7353 praemium praedicatoris, et praecipue quando sunt praeintenta.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7354 <p title="I-II q. 20 a. 5 ad 3"><a name="34472"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7355 "ref">[34472] Iª-IIae q. 20 a. 5 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7356 dicendum quod eventus ille pro quo illi poena infligenda mandatur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7357 et per se sequitur ex tali causa, et iterum ponitur ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7358 praecogitatus. Et ideo imputatur ad poenam.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7359 <p title="I-II q. 20 a. 5 ad 4"><a name="34473"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7360 "ref">[34473] Iª-IIae q. 20 a. 5 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7361 dicendum quod ratio illa procederet, si irregularitas sequeretur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7362 culpam. Non autem sequitur culpam, sed factum, propter aliquem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7363 defectum sacramenti.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7364 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7365 <div class="E">Articulus 6</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7366 <p title="I-II q. 20 a. 6 arg. 1"><a name="34474"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7367 "ref">[34474] Iª-IIae q. 20 a. 6 arg. 1</span></a> Ad sextum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7368 sic proceditur. Videtur quod unus actus possit esse bonus et malus.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7369 Motus enim est unus qui est continuus, ut dicitur in V Physic. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7370 unus motus continuus potest esse bonus et malus, puta si aliquis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7371 continue ad Ecclesiam vadens, primo quidem intendat inanem gloriam,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7372 postea intendat Deo servire. Ergo unus actus potest esse bonus et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7373 malus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7374 <p title="I-II q. 20 a. 6 arg. 2"><a name="34475"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7375 "ref">[34475] Iª-IIae q. 20 a. 6 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7376 secundum philosophum, in III Physic., actio et passio sunt unus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7377 actus. Sed potest esse passio bona, sicut Christi; et actio mala,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7378 sicut Iudaeorum. Ergo unus actus potest esse bonus et malus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7379 <p title="I-II q. 20 a. 6 arg. 3"><a name="34476"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7380 "ref">[34476] Iª-IIae q. 20 a. 6 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7381 cum servus sit quasi instrumentum domini, actio servi est actio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7382 domini, sicut actio instrumenti est actio artificis. Sed potest
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7383 contingere quod actio servi procedat ex bona voluntate domini, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7384 sic sit bona, et ex mala voluntate servi, et sic sit mala. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7385 idem actus potest esse bonus et malus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7386 <p title="I-II q. 20 a. 6 s. c."><a name="34477"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7387 "ref">[34477] Iª-IIae q. 20 a. 6 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7388 contraria non possunt esse in eodem. Sed bonum et malum sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7389 contraria. Ergo unus actus non potest esse bonus et malus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7390 <p title="I-II q. 20 a. 6 co."><a name="34478"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7391 "ref">[34478] Iª-IIae q. 20 a. 6 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7392 dicendum quod nihil prohibet aliquid esse unum, secundum quod est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7393 in uno genere; et esse multiplex, secundum quod refertur ad aliud
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7394 genus. Sicut superficies continua est una, secundum quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7395 consideratur in genere quantitatis, tamen est multiplex, secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7396 quod refertur ad genus coloris, si partim sit alba, et partim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7397 nigra. Et secundum hoc, nihil prohibet aliquem actum esse unum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7398 secundum quod refertur ad genus naturae, qui tamen non est unus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7399 secundum quod refertur ad genus moris, sicut et e converso, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7400 dictum est. Ambulatio enim continua est unus actus secundum genus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7401 naturae, potest tamen contingere quod sint plures secundum genus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7402 moris, si mutetur ambulantis voluntas, quae est principium actuum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7403 moralium. Si ergo accipiatur unus actus prout est in genere moris,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7404 impossibile est quod sit bonus et malus bonitate et malitia morali.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7405 Si tamen sit unus unitate naturae, et non unitate moris, potest
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7406 esse bonus et malus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7407 <p title="I-II q. 20 a. 6 ad 1"><a name="34479"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7408 "ref">[34479] Iª-IIae q. 20 a. 6 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7409 ergo dicendum quod ille motus continuus qui procedit ex diversa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7410 intentione, licet sit unus unitate naturae, non est tamen unus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7411 unitate moris.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7412 <p title="I-II q. 20 a. 6 ad 2"><a name="34480"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7413 "ref">[34480] Iª-IIae q. 20 a. 6 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7414 dicendum quod actio et passio pertinent ad genus moris, inquantum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7415 habent rationem voluntarii. Et ideo secundum quod diversa voluntate
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7416 dicuntur voluntaria, secundum hoc sunt duo moraliter, et potest ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7417 una parte inesse bonum, et ex alia malum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7418 <p title="I-II q. 20 a. 6 ad 3"><a name="34481"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7419 "ref">[34481] Iª-IIae q. 20 a. 6 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7420 dicendum quod actus servi, inquantum procedit ex voluntate servi,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7421 non est actus domini, sed solum inquantum procedit ex mandato
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7422 domini. Unde sic non facit ipsum malum mala voluntas servi.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7423 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7424 <div class="D">Quaestio 21</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7425 <div class="G">Prooemium</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7426 <p title="I-II q. 21 pr."><a name="34482"><span class="ref">[34482]
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7427 Iª-IIae q. 21 pr.</span></a> Deinde considerandum est de his
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7428 quae consequuntur actus humanos ratione bonitatis vel malitiae. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7429 circa hoc quaeruntur quatuor. Primo, utrum actus humanus, inquantum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7430 est bonus vel malus, habeat rationem rectitudinis vel peccati.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7431 Secundo, utrum habeat rationem laudabilis vel culpabilis. Tertio,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7432 utrum habeat rationem meriti vel demeriti. Quarto, utrum habeat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7433 rationem meriti vel demeriti apud Deum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7434 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7435 <div class="E">Articulus 1</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7436 <p title="I-II q. 21 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="34483"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7437 "ref">[34483] Iª-IIae q. 21 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7438 sic proceditur. Videtur quod actus humanus, inquantum est bonus vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7439 malus, non habeat rationem rectitudinis vel peccati. Peccata enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7440 sunt monstra in natura, ut dicitur in II Physic. Monstra autem non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7441 sunt actus, sed sunt quaedam res generatae praeter ordinem naturae.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7442 Ea autem quae sunt secundum artem et rationem, imitantur ea quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7443 sunt secundum naturam, ut ibidem dicitur. Ergo actus ex hoc quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7444 est inordinatus et malus, non habet rationem peccati.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7445 <p title="I-II q. 21 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="34484"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7446 "ref">[34484] Iª-IIae q. 21 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7447 peccatum, ut dicitur in II Physic., accidit in natura et arte, cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7448 non pervenitur ad finem intentum a natura vel arte. Sed bonitas vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7449 malitia actus humani maxime consistit in intentione finis, et eius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7450 prosecutione. Ergo videtur quod malitia actus non inducat rationem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7451 peccati.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7452 <p title="I-II q. 21 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="34485"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7453 "ref">[34485] Iª-IIae q. 21 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7454 si malitia actus induceret rationem peccati, sequeretur quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7455 ubicumque esset malum, ibi esset peccatum. Hoc autem est falsum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7456 nam poena, licet habeat rationem mali, non tamen habet rationem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7457 peccati. Non ergo ex hoc quod aliquis actus est malus, habet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7458 rationem peccati.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7459 <p title="I-II q. 21 a. 1 s. c."><a name="34486"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7460 "ref">[34486] Iª-IIae q. 21 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7461 bonitas actus humani, ut supra ostensum est, principaliter dependet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7462 a lege aeterna, et per consequens malitia eius in hoc consistit,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7463 quod discordat a lege aeterna. Sed hoc facit rationem peccati,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7464 dicit enim Augustinus, XXII contra Faustum, quod <i>peccatum est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7465 dictum, vel factum, vel concupitum aliquid contra legem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7466 aeternam</i>. Ergo actus humanus ex hoc quod est malus, habet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7467 rationem peccati.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7468 <p title="I-II q. 21 a. 1 co."><a name="34487"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7469 "ref">[34487] Iª-IIae q. 21 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7470 dicendum quod malum in plus est quam peccatum, sicut et bonum in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7471 plus est quam rectum. Quaelibet enim privatio boni in quocumque
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7472 constituit rationem mali, sed peccatum proprie consistit in actu
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7473 qui agitur propter finem aliquem, cum non habet debitum ordinem ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7474 finem illum. Debitus autem ordo ad finem secundum aliquam regulam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7475 mensuratur. Quae quidem regula in his quae secundum naturam agunt,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7476 est ipsa virtus naturae, quae inclinat in talem finem. Quando ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7477 actus procedit a virtute naturali secundum naturalem inclinationem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7478 in finem, tunc servatur rectitudo in actu, quia medium non exit ab
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7479 extremis, scilicet actus ab ordine activi principii ad finem.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7480 Quando autem a rectitudine tali actus aliquis recedit, tunc incidit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7481 ratio peccati. In his vero quae aguntur per voluntatem, regula
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7482 proxima est ratio humana; regula autem suprema est lex aeterna.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7483 Quando ergo actus hominis procedit in finem secundum ordinem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7484 rationis et legis aeternae, tunc actus est rectus, quando autem ab
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7485 hac rectitudine obliquatur, tunc dicitur esse peccatum. Manifestum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7486 est autem ex praemissis quod omnis actus voluntarius est malus per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7487 hoc quod recedit ab ordine rationis et legis aeternae, et omnis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7488 actus bonus concordat rationi et legi aeternae. Unde sequitur quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7489 actus humanus ex hoc quod est bonus vel malus, habeat rationem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7490 rectitudinis vel peccati.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7491 <p title="I-II q. 21 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="34488"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7492 "ref">[34488] Iª-IIae q. 21 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7493 ergo dicendum quod monstra dicuntur esse peccata, inquantum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7494 producta sunt ex peccato in actu naturae existente.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7495 <p title="I-II q. 21 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="34489"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7496 "ref">[34489] Iª-IIae q. 21 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7497 dicendum quod duplex est finis, scilicet ultimus, et propinquus. In
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7498 peccato autem naturae, deficit quidem actus a fine ultimo, qui est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7499 perfectio generati; non tamen deficit a quocumque fine proximo;
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7500 operatur enim natura aliquid formando. Similiter in peccato
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7501 voluntatis, semper est defectus ab ultimo fine intento, quia nullus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7502 actus voluntarius malus est ordinabilis ad beatitudinem, quae est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7503 ultimus finis, licet non deficiat ab aliquo fine proximo, quem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7504 voluntas intendit et consequitur. Unde etiam cum ipsa intentio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7505 huius finis ordinetur ad finem ultimum, in ipsa intentione
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7506 huiusmodi finis potest inveniri ratio rectitudinis et peccati.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7507 <p title="I-II q. 21 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="34490"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7508 "ref">[34490] Iª-IIae q. 21 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7509 dicendum quod unumquodque ordinatur ad finem per actum suum, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7510 ideo ratio peccati, quae consistit in deviatione ab ordine ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7511 finem, proprie consistit in actu. Sed poena respicit personam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7512 peccantem, ut in primo dictum est.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7513 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7514 <div class="E">Articulus 2</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7515 <p title="I-II q. 21 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="34491"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7516 "ref">[34491] Iª-IIae q. 21 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7517 sic proceditur. Videtur quod actus humanus, ex hoc quod est bonus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7518 vel malus, non habeat rationem laudabilis vel culpabilis.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7519 <i>Peccatum enim contingit etiam in his quae aguntur a natura</i>,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7520 ut dicitur in II Physic. Sed tamen ea quae sunt naturalia, non sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7521 laudabilia nec culpabilia, ut dicitur in III Ethic. Ergo actus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7522 humanus, ex hoc quod est malus vel peccatum, non habet rationem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7523 culpae, et per consequens nec ex hoc quod est bonus, habet rationem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7524 laudabilis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7525 <p title="I-II q. 21 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="34492"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7526 "ref">[34492] Iª-IIae q. 21 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7527 sicut contingit peccatum in actibus moralibus, ita et in actibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7528 artis, quia, ut dicitur in II Physic., <i>peccat grammaticus non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7529 recte scribens, et medicus non recte dans potionem</i>. Sed non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7530 culpatur artifex ex hoc quod aliquod malum facit, quia ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7531 industriam artificis pertinet quod possit et bonum opus facere et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7532 malum, cum voluerit. Ergo videtur quod etiam actus moralis, ex hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7533 quod est malus, non habeat rationem culpabilis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7534 <p title="I-II q. 21 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="34493"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7535 "ref">[34493] Iª-IIae q. 21 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7536 Dionysius dicit, in IV cap. de Div. Nom., quod malum est infirmum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7537 et impotens. Sed infirmitas vel impotentia vel tollit vel diminuit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7538 rationem culpae. Non ergo actus humanus est culpabilis ex hoc quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7539 est malus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7540 <p title="I-II q. 21 a. 2 s. c."><a name="34494"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7541 "ref">[34494] Iª-IIae q. 21 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7542 est quod philosophus dicit, quod <i>laudabilia sunt virtutum opera;
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7543 vituperabilia autem, vel culpabilia, opera contraria</i>. Sed actus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7544 boni sunt actus virtutis, quia <i>virtus est quae bonum facit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7545 habentem, et opus eius bonum reddit</i>, ut dicitur in II Ethic.,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7546 unde actus oppositi sunt actus mali. Ergo actus humanus ex hoc quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7547 est bonus vel malus, habet rationem laudabilis vel culpabilis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7548 <p title="I-II q. 21 a. 2 co."><a name="34495"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7549 "ref">[34495] Iª-IIae q. 21 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7550 dicendum quod, sicut malum est in plus quam peccatum, ita peccatum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7551 est in plus quam culpa. Ex hoc enim dicitur aliquis actus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7552 culpabilis vel laudabilis, quod imputatur agenti, nihil enim est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7553 aliud laudari vel culpari, quam imputari alicui malitiam vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7554 bonitatem sui actus. Tunc autem actus imputatur agenti, quando est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7555 in potestate ipsius, ita quod habeat dominium sui actus. Hoc autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7556 est in omnibus actibus voluntariis, quia per voluntatem homo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7557 dominium sui actus habet, ut ex supradictis patet. Unde relinquitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7558 quod bonum vel malum in solis actibus voluntariis constituit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7559 rationem laudis vel culpae; in quibus idem est malum, peccatum et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7560 culpa.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7561 <p title="I-II q. 21 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="34496"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7562 "ref">[34496] Iª-IIae q. 21 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7563 ergo dicendum quod actus naturales non sunt in potestate naturalis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7564 agentis, cum natura sit determinata ad unum. Et ideo, licet in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7565 actibus naturalibus sit peccatum, non tamen est ibi culpa.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7566 <p title="I-II q. 21 a. 2 ad 2"><a name="34497"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7567 "ref">[34497] Iª-IIae q. 21 a. 2 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7568 dicendum quod ratio aliter se habet in artificialibus et aliter in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7569 moralibus. In artificialibus enim ratio ordinatur ad finem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7570 particularem, quod est aliquid per rationem excogitatum. In
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7571 moralibus autem ordinatur ad finem communem totius humanae vitae.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7572 Finis autem particularis ordinatur ad finem communem. Cum ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7573 peccatum sit per deviationem ab ordine ad finem, ut dictum est, in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7574 actu artis contingit dupliciter esse peccatum. Uno modo, per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7575 deviationem a fine particulari intento ab artifice, et hoc peccatum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7576 erit proprium arti; puta si artifex, intendens facere bonum opus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7577 faciat malum, vel intendens facere malum, faciat bonum. Alio modo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7578 per deviationem a fine communi humanae vitae, et hoc modo dicetur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7579 peccare, si intendat facere malum opus, et faciat, per quod alius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7580 decipiatur. Sed hoc peccatum non est proprium artificis inquantum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7581 artifex, sed inquantum homo est. Unde ex primo peccato culpatur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7582 artifex inquantum artifex, sed ex secundo culpatur homo inquantum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7583 homo. Sed in moralibus, ubi attenditur ordo rationis ad finem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7584 communem humanae vitae, semper peccatum et malum attenditur per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7585 deviationem ab ordine rationis ad finem communem humanae vitae. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7586 ideo culpatur ex tali peccato homo et inquantum est homo, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7587 inquantum est moralis. Unde philosophus dicit, in VI Ethic., quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7588 <i>in arte volens peccans est eligibilior; circa prudentiam autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7589 minus, sicut et in virtutibus moralibus</i>, quarum prudentia est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7590 directiva.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7591 <p title="I-II q. 21 a. 2 ad 3"><a name="34498"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7592 "ref">[34498] Iª-IIae q. 21 a. 2 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7593 dicendum quod illa infirmitas quae est in malis voluntariis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7594 subiacet potestati hominis. Et ideo nec tollit nec diminuit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7595 rationem culpae.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7596 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7597 <div class="E">Articulus 3</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7598 <p title="I-II q. 21 a. 3 arg. 1"><a name="34499"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7599 "ref">[34499] Iª-IIae q. 21 a. 3 arg. 1</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7600 sic proceditur. Videtur quod actus humanus non habeat rationem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7601 meriti et demeriti, propter suam bonitatem vel malitiam. Meritum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7602 enim et demeritum dicitur per ordinem ad retributionem, quae locum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7603 solum habet in his quae ad alterum sunt. Sed non omnes actus humani
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7604 boni vel mali sunt ad alterum, sed quidam sunt ad seipsum. Ergo non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7605 omnis actus humanus bonus vel malus habet rationem meriti vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7606 demeriti.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7607 <p title="I-II q. 21 a. 3 arg. 2"><a name="34500"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7608 "ref">[34500] Iª-IIae q. 21 a. 3 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7609 nullus meretur poenam vel praemium ex hoc quod disponit ut vult de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7610 eo cuius est dominus, sicut si homo destruat rem suam, non punitur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7611 sicut si destrueret rem alterius. Sed homo est dominus suorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7612 actuum. Ergo ex hoc quod bene vel male disponit de suo actu, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7613 meretur poenam vel praemium.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7614 <p title="I-II q. 21 a. 3 arg. 3"><a name="34501"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7615 "ref">[34501] Iª-IIae q. 21 a. 3 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7616 ex hoc quod aliquis sibi ipsi acquirit bonum, non meretur ut ei
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7617 bene fiat ab alio, et eadem ratio est de malis. Sed ipse actus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7618 bonus est quoddam bonum et perfectio agentis, actus autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7619 inordinatus est quoddam malum ipsius. Non ergo ex hoc quod homo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7620 facit malum actum vel bonum, meretur vel demeretur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7621 <p title="I-II q. 21 a. 3 s. c."><a name="34502"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7622 "ref">[34502] Iª-IIae q. 21 a. 3 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7623 est quod dicitur Isaiae III, <i>dicite iusto quoniam bene, quoniam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7624 fructum adinventionum suarum comedet. Vae impio in malum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7625 retributio enim manuum eius fiet ei</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7626 <p title="I-II q. 21 a. 3 co."><a name="34503"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7627 "ref">[34503] Iª-IIae q. 21 a. 3 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7628 dicendum quod meritum et demeritum dicuntur in ordine ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7629 retributionem quae fit secundum iustitiam. Retributio autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7630 secundum iustitiam fit alicui ex eo quod agit in profectum vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7631 nocumentum alterius. Est autem considerandum quod unusquisque in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7632 aliqua societate vivens, est aliquo modo pars et membrum totius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7633 societatis. Quicumque ergo agit aliquid in bonum vel malum alicuius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7634 in societate existentis, hoc redundat in totam societatem sicut qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7635 laedit manum, per consequens laedit hominem. Cum ergo aliquis agit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7636 in bonum vel malum alterius singularis personae, cadit ibi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7637 dupliciter ratio meriti vel demeriti. Uno modo, secundum quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7638 debetur ei retributio a singulari persona quam iuvat vel offendit.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7639 Alio modo, secundum quod debetur ei retributio a toto collegio.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7640 Quando vero aliquis ordinat actum suum directe in bonum vel malum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7641 totius collegii, debetur ei retributio primo quidem et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7642 principaliter a toto collegio, secundario vero, ab omnibus collegii
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7643 partibus. Cum vero aliquis agit quod in bonum proprium vel malum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7644 vergit, etiam debetur ei retributio, inquantum etiam hoc vergit in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7645 commune secundum quod ipse est pars collegii, licet non debeatur ei
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7646 retributio inquantum est bonum vel malum singularis personae, quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7647 est eadem agenti, nisi forte a seipso secundum quandam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7648 similitudinem, prout est iustitia hominis ad seipsum. Sic igitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7649 patet quod actus bonus vel malus habet rationem laudabilis vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7650 culpabilis, secundum quod est in potestate voluntatis; rationem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7651 vero rectitudinis et peccati, secundum ordinem ad finem; rationem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7652 vero meriti et demeriti, secundum retributionem iustitiae ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7653 alterum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7654 <p title="I-II q. 21 a. 3 ad 1"><a name="34504"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7655 "ref">[34504] Iª-IIae q. 21 a. 3 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7656 ergo dicendum quod quandoque actus hominis boni vel mali, etsi non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7657 ordinantur ad bonum vel malum alterius singularis personae, tamen
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7658 ordinantur ad bonum vel ad malum alterius quod est ipsa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7659 communitas.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7660 <p title="I-II q. 21 a. 3 ad 2"><a name="34505"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7661 "ref">[34505] Iª-IIae q. 21 a. 3 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7662 dicendum quod homo, qui habet dominium sui actus, ipse etiam,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7663 inquantum est alterius, scilicet communitatis, cuius est pars
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7664 meretur aliquid vel demeretur, inquantum actus suos bene vel male
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7665 disponit, sicut etiam si alia sua, de quibus communitati servire
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7666 debet, bene vel male dispenset.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7667 <p title="I-II q. 21 a. 3 ad 3"><a name="34506"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7668 "ref">[34506] Iª-IIae q. 21 a. 3 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7669 dicendum quod hoc ipsum bonum vel malum quod aliquis sibi facit per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7670 suum actum, redundat in communitatem, ut dictum est.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7671 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7672 <div class="E">Articulus 4</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7673 <p title="I-II q. 21 a. 4 arg. 1"><a name="34507"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7674 "ref">[34507] Iª-IIae q. 21 a. 4 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quartum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7675 sic proceditur. Videtur quod actus hominis bonus vel malus non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7676 habeat rationem meriti vel demeriti per comparationem ad Deum.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7677 Quia, ut dictum est, meritum et demeritum importat ordinem ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7678 recompensationem profectus vel damni ad alterum illati. Sed actus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7679 hominis bonus vel malus non cedit in aliquem profectum vel damnum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7680 ipsius Dei, dicitur enim Iob XXXV, <i>si peccaveris quid ei
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7681 nocebis? Porro si iuste egeris, quid donabis ei?</i> Ergo actus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7682 hominis bonus vel malus non habet rationem meriti vel demeriti apud
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7683 Deum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7684 <p title="I-II q. 21 a. 4 arg. 2"><a name="34508"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7685 "ref">[34508] Iª-IIae q. 21 a. 4 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7686 instrumentum nihil meretur vel demeretur apud eum qui utitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7687 instrumento, quia tota actio instrumenti est utentis ipso. Sed homo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7688 in agendo est instrumentum divinae virtutis principaliter ipsum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7689 moventis, unde dicitur Isaiae X, <i>numquid gloriabitur securis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7690 contra eum qui secat in ea? Aut exaltabitur serra contra eum a quo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7691 trahitur?</i> Ubi manifeste hominem agentem comparat instrumento.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7692 Ergo homo, bene agendo vel male, nihil meretur vel demeretur apud
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7693 Deum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7694 <p title="I-II q. 21 a. 4 arg. 3"><a name="34509"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7695 "ref">[34509] Iª-IIae q. 21 a. 4 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7696 actus humanus habet rationem meriti vel demeriti, inquantum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7697 ordinatur ad alterum. Sed non omnes actus humani ordinantur ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7698 Deum. Ergo non omnes actus boni vel mali habent rationem meriti vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7699 demeriti apud Deum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7700 <p title="I-II q. 21 a. 4 s. c."><a name="34510"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7701 "ref">[34510] Iª-IIae q. 21 a. 4 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7702 est quod dicitur Eccle. ult., <i>cuncta quae fiunt adducet Deus in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7703 iudicium, sive bonum sit sive malum</i>. Sed iudicium importat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7704 retributionem, respectu cuius meritum et demeritum dicitur. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7705 omnis actus hominis bonus vel malus habet rationem meriti vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7706 demeriti apud Deum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7707 <p title="I-II q. 21 a. 4 co."><a name="34511"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7708 "ref">[34511] Iª-IIae q. 21 a. 4 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7709 dicendum quod, sicut dictum est, actus alicuius hominis habet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7710 rationem meriti vel demeriti, secundum quod ordinatur ad alterum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7711 vel ratione eius, vel ratione communitatis. Utroque autem modo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7712 actus nostri boni vel mali habent rationem meriti vel demeriti apud
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7713 Deum. Ratione quidem ipsius, inquantum est ultimus hominis finis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7714 est autem debitum ut ad finem ultimum omnes actus referantur, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7715 supra habitum est. Unde qui facit actum malum non referibilem in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7716 Deum, non servat honorem Dei, qui ultimo fini debetur. Ex parte
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7717 vero totius communitatis universi, quia in qualibet communitate
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7718 ille qui regit communitatem, praecipue habet curam boni communis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7719 unde ad eum pertinet retribuere pro his quae bene vel male fiunt in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7720 communitate. Est autem Deus gubernator et rector totius universi,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7721 sicut in primo habitum est, et specialiter rationalium creaturarum.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7722 Unde manifestum est quod actus humani habent rationem meriti vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7723 demeriti per comparationem ad ipsum, alioquin sequeretur quod Deus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7724 non haberet curam de actibus humanis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7725 <p title="I-II q. 21 a. 4 ad 1"><a name="34512"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7726 "ref">[34512] Iª-IIae q. 21 a. 4 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7727 ergo dicendum quod per actum hominis Deo secundum se nihil potest
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7728 accrescere vel deperire, sed tamen homo, quantum in se est, aliquid
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7729 subtrahit Deo, vel ei exhibet, cum servat vel non servat ordinem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7730 quem Deus instituit.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7731 <p title="I-II q. 21 a. 4 ad 2"><a name="34513"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7732 "ref">[34513] Iª-IIae q. 21 a. 4 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7733 dicendum quod homo sic movetur a Deo ut instrumentum, quod tamen
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7734 non excluditur quin moveat seipsum per liberum arbitrium, ut ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7735 supradictis patet. Et ideo per suum actum meretur vel demeretur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7736 apud Deum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7737 <p title="I-II q. 21 a. 4 ad 3"><a name="34514"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7738 "ref">[34514] Iª-IIae q. 21 a. 4 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7739 dicendum quod homo non ordinatur ad communitatem politicam secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7740 se totum, et secundum omnia sua, et ideo non oportet quod quilibet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7741 actus eius sit meritorius vel demeritorius per ordinem ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7742 communitatem politicam. Sed totum quod homo est, et quod potest et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7743 habet, ordinandum est ad Deum, et ideo omnis actus hominis bonus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7744 vel malus habet rationem meriti vel demeriti apud Deum, quantum est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7745 ex ipsa ratione actus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7746 <div class="centro"><br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7747 <p><a href="sth2001.html"><img src="icons/ageretro.gif" width="19"
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7748 height="19" align="middle" border="0" alt="age retro" /></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7749 <a href="sth2022.html"><img src="icons/ageultra.gif" width="19"
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7750 height="19" align="middle" border="0" alt="age ultra" /></a></p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7751 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7752 <hr />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7753 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7754 <address>© 2006 Fundación Tomás de Aquino quoad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7755 hanc editionem<br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7756 Iura omnia asservantur<br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7757 OCLC nr. <a href="http://worldcatlibraries.org/wcpa/oclc/49644264"
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7758 style="text-decoration=none">49644264</a></address>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7759 </div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7760 </body>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7761 </html>

Mercurial > hg > Aquinas

annotate summa/latin/sth2006.html @ 28:544e12f679ad