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annotate summa/latin/sth4046.html @ 34:2bc1f3a24bc0

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fix p2
author ht
date Mon, 30 Nov 2009 21:59:53 +0000
parents 544e12f679ad
children d777cc3962f2
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1 <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN"
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2 "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
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3 <html lang="LA" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="LA">
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4 <head>
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5 <meta name="generator" content=
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6 "HTML Tidy for Windows (vers 1st February 2005), see www.w3.org" />
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7 <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content=
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8 "text/html; charset=us-ascii" />
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9 <meta http-equiv="Content-Style-Type" content="text/css" />
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10 <meta http-equiv="Content-Script-Type" content="text/javascript" />
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11 <meta name="keywords" content=
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12 "Thomas de Aquino, Summa Theologiae, Corpus Thomisticum" />
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13 <meta name="language" content="Latin" />
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14 <meta name="security" content="public" />
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15 <meta name="owner" content="ealarcon@unav.es" />
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16 <meta name="author" content="Enrique Alarc&oacute;n" />
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17 <meta name="abstract" content="" />
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18 <link rel="stylesheet" media="screen" href="vscreen.css" type=
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19 "text/css" />
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20 <link rel="stylesheet" media="print" href="vprint.css" type=
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21 "text/css" />
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22 <title>Thomas de Aquino, Summa Theologiae, III&ordf; q.
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23 46-52</title>
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24 </head>
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25 <body>
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26 <a href="http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/"></a>
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27 <div class="tres">CORPUS THOMISTICUM</div>
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28 <div class="uno">Sancti Thomae de Aquino</div>
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29 <div class="uno">Summa Theologiae</div>
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30 <div class="dos">tertia pars a quaestione XLVI ad quaestionem
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31 LII</div>
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32 <br />
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33 <div class="centro">
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34 <table align="center" summary="Imago">
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35 <tr>
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36 <th><img src="icons/bene180.jpg" width="204" height="180" border=
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37 "0" alt="Thomas de Aquino a Sassetta depictus" align=
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38 "middle" /></th>
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39 </tr>
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40 </table>
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41 <br />
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42 <span class="tres">Textum Leoninum Romae 1903 editum<br />
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43 ac automato translatum a Roberto Busa SJ in taenias
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44 magneticas<br />
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45 denuo recognovit Enrique Alarc&oacute;n atque instruxit<br />
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46 <br /></span><br />
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47 <hr />
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48 <br />
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49 <p><a href="sth4040.html"><img src="icons/ageretro.gif" width="19"
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50 height="19" align="middle" border="0" alt="age retro" /></a> &nbsp;
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51 <a href="sth4053.html"><img src="icons/ageultra.gif" width="19"
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52 height="19" align="middle" border="0" alt="age ultra" /></a></p>
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53 <script language="JavaScript" type="text/javascript">
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54 //<![CDATA[
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55 <!--
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56 // original code by Bill Trefzger 12/12/96; revised by Enrique Alarcon 12/9/2000
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139 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#48916">III&ordf; q. 46 a. 8 ad 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
140 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#48917">III&ordf; q. 46 a. 8 ad 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
141 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#48918">III&ordf; q. 46 a. 8 ad 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
142 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#48919">III&ordf; q. 46 a. 9 arg. 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
143 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#48920">III&ordf; q. 46 a. 9 arg. 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
144 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#48921">III&ordf; q. 46 a. 9 arg. 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
145 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#48922">III&ordf; q. 46 a. 9 arg. 4');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
146 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#48923">III&ordf; q. 46 a. 9 s. c.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
147 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#48924">III&ordf; q. 46 a. 9 co.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
148 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#48925">III&ordf; q. 46 a. 9 ad 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
149 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#48926">III&ordf; q. 46 a. 9 ad 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
150 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#48927">III&ordf; q. 46 a. 9 ad 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
151 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#48928">III&ordf; q. 46 a. 9 ad 4');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
152 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#48929">III&ordf; q. 46 a. 10 arg. 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
153 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#48930">III&ordf; q. 46 a. 10 arg. 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
154 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#48931">III&ordf; q. 46 a. 10 arg. 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
155 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#48932">III&ordf; q. 46 a. 10 s. c.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
156 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#48933">III&ordf; q. 46 a. 10 co.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
157 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#48934">III&ordf; q. 46 a. 10 ad 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
158 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#48935">III&ordf; q. 46 a. 10 ad 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
159 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#48936">III&ordf; q. 46 a. 10 ad 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
160 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#48937">III&ordf; q. 46 a. 11 arg. 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
161 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#48938">III&ordf; q. 46 a. 11 arg. 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
162 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#48939">III&ordf; q. 46 a. 11 arg. 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
163 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#48940">III&ordf; q. 46 a. 11 s. c.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
164 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#48941">III&ordf; q. 46 a. 11 co.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
165 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#48942">III&ordf; q. 46 a. 11 ad 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
166 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#48943">III&ordf; q. 46 a. 11 ad 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
167 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#48944">III&ordf; q. 46 a. 11 ad 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
168 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#48945">III&ordf; q. 46 a. 12 arg. 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
169 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#48946">III&ordf; q. 46 a. 12 arg. 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
170 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#48947">III&ordf; q. 46 a. 12 arg. 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
171 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#48948">III&ordf; q. 46 a. 12 s. c.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
172 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#48949">III&ordf; q. 46 a. 12 co.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
173 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#48950">III&ordf; q. 46 a. 12 ad 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
174 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#48951">III&ordf; q. 46 a. 12 ad 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
175 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#48952">III&ordf; q. 46 a. 12 ad 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
176 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#48953">III&ordf; q. 47 pr.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
177 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#48954">III&ordf; q. 47 a. 1 arg. 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
178 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#48955">III&ordf; q. 47 a. 1 arg. 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
179 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#48956">III&ordf; q. 47 a. 1 arg. 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
180 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#48957">III&ordf; q. 47 a. 1 s. c.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
181 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#48958">III&ordf; q. 47 a. 1 co.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
182 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#48959">III&ordf; q. 47 a. 1 ad 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
183 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#48960">III&ordf; q. 47 a. 1 ad 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
184 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#48961">III&ordf; q. 47 a. 1 ad 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
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185 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#48962">III&ordf; q. 47 a. 2 arg. 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
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186 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#48963">III&ordf; q. 47 a. 2 arg. 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
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187 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#48964">III&ordf; q. 47 a. 2 arg. 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
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188 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#48965">III&ordf; q. 47 a. 2 s. c.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
189 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#48966">III&ordf; q. 47 a. 2 co.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
190 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#48967">III&ordf; q. 47 a. 2 ad 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
191 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#48968">III&ordf; q. 47 a. 2 ad 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
192 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#48969">III&ordf; q. 47 a. 2 ad 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
193 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#48970">III&ordf; q. 47 a. 3 arg. 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
194 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#48971">III&ordf; q. 47 a. 3 arg. 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
195 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#48972">III&ordf; q. 47 a. 3 arg. 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
196 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#48973">III&ordf; q. 47 a. 3 s. c.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
197 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#48974">III&ordf; q. 47 a. 3 co.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
198 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#48975">III&ordf; q. 47 a. 3 ad 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
199 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#48976">III&ordf; q. 47 a. 3 ad 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
200 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#48977">III&ordf; q. 47 a. 3 ad 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
201 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#48978">III&ordf; q. 47 a. 4 arg. 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
202 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#48979">III&ordf; q. 47 a. 4 arg. 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
203 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#48980">III&ordf; q. 47 a. 4 arg. 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
204 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#48981">III&ordf; q. 47 a. 4 s. c.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
205 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#48982">III&ordf; q. 47 a. 4 co.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
206 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#48983">III&ordf; q. 47 a. 4 ad 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
207 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#48984">III&ordf; q. 47 a. 4 ad 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
208 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#48985">III&ordf; q. 47 a. 4 ad 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
209 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#48986">III&ordf; q. 47 a. 5 arg. 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
210 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#48987">III&ordf; q. 47 a. 5 arg. 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
211 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#48988">III&ordf; q. 47 a. 5 arg. 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
212 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#48989">III&ordf; q. 47 a. 5 s. c.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
213 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#48990">III&ordf; q. 47 a. 5 co.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
214 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#48991">III&ordf; q. 47 a. 5 ad 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
215 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#48992">III&ordf; q. 47 a. 5 ad 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
216 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#48993">III&ordf; q. 47 a. 5 ad 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
217 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#48994">III&ordf; q. 47 a. 6 arg. 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
218 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#48995">III&ordf; q. 47 a. 6 arg. 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
219 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#48996">III&ordf; q. 47 a. 6 arg. 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
220 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#48997">III&ordf; q. 47 a. 6 s. c.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
221 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#48998">III&ordf; q. 47 a. 6 co.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
222 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#48999">III&ordf; q. 47 a. 6 ad 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
223 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49000">III&ordf; q. 47 a. 6 ad 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
224 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49001">III&ordf; q. 47 a. 6 ad 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
225 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49002">III&ordf; q. 48 pr.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
226 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49003">III&ordf; q. 48 a. 1 arg. 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
227 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49004">III&ordf; q. 48 a. 1 arg. 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
228 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49005">III&ordf; q. 48 a. 1 arg. 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
229 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49006">III&ordf; q. 48 a. 1 s. c.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
230 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49007">III&ordf; q. 48 a. 1 co.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
231 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49008">III&ordf; q. 48 a. 1 ad 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
232 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49009">III&ordf; q. 48 a. 1 ad 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
233 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49010">III&ordf; q. 48 a. 1 ad 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
234 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49011">III&ordf; q. 48 a. 2 arg. 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
235 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49012">III&ordf; q. 48 a. 2 arg. 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
236 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49013">III&ordf; q. 48 a. 2 arg. 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
237 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49014">III&ordf; q. 48 a. 2 s. c.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
238 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49015">III&ordf; q. 48 a. 2 co.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
239 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49016">III&ordf; q. 48 a. 2 ad 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
240 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49017">III&ordf; q. 48 a. 2 ad 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
241 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49018">III&ordf; q. 48 a. 2 ad 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
242 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49019">III&ordf; q. 48 a. 3 arg. 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
243 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49020">III&ordf; q. 48 a. 3 arg. 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
244 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49021">III&ordf; q. 48 a. 3 arg. 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
245 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49022">III&ordf; q. 48 a. 3 s. c.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
246 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49023">III&ordf; q. 48 a. 3 co.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
247 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49024">III&ordf; q. 48 a. 3 ad 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
248 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49025">III&ordf; q. 48 a. 3 ad 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
249 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49026">III&ordf; q. 48 a. 3 ad 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
250 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49027">III&ordf; q. 48 a. 4 arg. 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
251 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49028">III&ordf; q. 48 a. 4 arg. 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
252 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49029">III&ordf; q. 48 a. 4 arg. 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
253 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49030">III&ordf; q. 48 a. 4 s. c.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
254 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49031">III&ordf; q. 48 a. 4 co.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
255 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49032">III&ordf; q. 48 a. 4 ad 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
256 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49033">III&ordf; q. 48 a. 4 ad 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
257 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49034">III&ordf; q. 48 a. 4 ad 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
258 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49035">III&ordf; q. 48 a. 5 arg. 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
259 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49036">III&ordf; q. 48 a. 5 arg. 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
260 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49037">III&ordf; q. 48 a. 5 arg. 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
261 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49038">III&ordf; q. 48 a. 5 s. c.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
262 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49039">III&ordf; q. 48 a. 5 co.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
263 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49040">III&ordf; q. 48 a. 5 ad 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
264 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49041">III&ordf; q. 48 a. 5 ad 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
265 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49042">III&ordf; q. 48 a. 5 ad 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
266 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49043">III&ordf; q. 48 a. 6 arg. 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
267 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49044">III&ordf; q. 48 a. 6 arg. 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
268 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49045">III&ordf; q. 48 a. 6 arg. 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
269 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49046">III&ordf; q. 48 a. 6 s. c.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
270 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49047">III&ordf; q. 48 a. 6 co.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
271 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49048">III&ordf; q. 48 a. 6 ad 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
272 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49049">III&ordf; q. 48 a. 6 ad 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
273 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49050">III&ordf; q. 48 a. 6 ad 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
274 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49051">III&ordf; q. 49 pr.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
275 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49052">III&ordf; q. 49 a. 1 arg. 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
276 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49053">III&ordf; q. 49 a. 1 arg. 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
277 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49054">III&ordf; q. 49 a. 1 arg. 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
278 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49055">III&ordf; q. 49 a. 1 arg. 4');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
279 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49056">III&ordf; q. 49 a. 1 arg. 5');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
280 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49057">III&ordf; q. 49 a. 1 s. c.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
281 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49058">III&ordf; q. 49 a. 1 co.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
282 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49059">III&ordf; q. 49 a. 1 ad 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
283 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49060">III&ordf; q. 49 a. 1 ad 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
284 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49061">III&ordf; q. 49 a. 1 ad 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
285 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49062">III&ordf; q. 49 a. 1 ad 4');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
286 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49063">III&ordf; q. 49 a. 1 ad 5');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
287 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49064">III&ordf; q. 49 a. 2 arg. 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
288 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49065">III&ordf; q. 49 a. 2 arg. 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
289 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49066">III&ordf; q. 49 a. 2 arg. 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
290 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49067">III&ordf; q. 49 a. 2 s. c.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
291 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49068">III&ordf; q. 49 a. 2 co.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
292 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49069">III&ordf; q. 49 a. 2 ad 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
293 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49070">III&ordf; q. 49 a. 2 ad 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
294 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49071">III&ordf; q. 49 a. 2 ad 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
295 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49072">III&ordf; q. 49 a. 3 arg. 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
296 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49073">III&ordf; q. 49 a. 3 arg. 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
297 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49074">III&ordf; q. 49 a. 3 arg. 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
298 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49075">III&ordf; q. 49 a. 3 s. c.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
299 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49076">III&ordf; q. 49 a. 3 co.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
300 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49077">III&ordf; q. 49 a. 3 ad 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
301 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49078">III&ordf; q. 49 a. 3 ad 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
302 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49079">III&ordf; q. 49 a. 3 ad 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
303 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49080">III&ordf; q. 49 a. 4 arg. 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
304 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49081">III&ordf; q. 49 a. 4 arg. 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
305 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49082">III&ordf; q. 49 a. 4 arg. 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
306 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49083">III&ordf; q. 49 a. 4 s. c.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
307 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49084">III&ordf; q. 49 a. 4 co.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
308 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49085">III&ordf; q. 49 a. 4 ad 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
309 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49086">III&ordf; q. 49 a. 4 ad 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
310 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49087">III&ordf; q. 49 a. 4 ad 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
311 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49088">III&ordf; q. 49 a. 5 arg. 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
312 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49089">III&ordf; q. 49 a. 5 arg. 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
313 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49090">III&ordf; q. 49 a. 5 arg. 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
314 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49091">III&ordf; q. 49 a. 5 arg. 4');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
315 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49092">III&ordf; q. 49 a. 5 s. c.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
316 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49093">III&ordf; q. 49 a. 5 co.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
317 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49094">III&ordf; q. 49 a. 5 ad 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
318 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49095">III&ordf; q. 49 a. 5 ad 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
319 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49096">III&ordf; q. 49 a. 5 ad 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
320 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49097">III&ordf; q. 49 a. 5 ad 4');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
321 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49098">III&ordf; q. 49 a. 6 arg. 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
322 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49099">III&ordf; q. 49 a. 6 arg. 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
323 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49100">III&ordf; q. 49 a. 6 arg. 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
324 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49101">III&ordf; q. 49 a. 6 s. c.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
325 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49102">III&ordf; q. 49 a. 6 co.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
326 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49103">III&ordf; q. 49 a. 6 ad 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
327 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49104">III&ordf; q. 49 a. 6 ad 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
328 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49105">III&ordf; q. 49 a. 6 ad 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
329 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49106">III&ordf; q. 50 pr.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
330 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49107">III&ordf; q. 50 a. 1 arg. 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
331 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49108">III&ordf; q. 50 a. 1 arg. 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
332 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49109">III&ordf; q. 50 a. 1 arg. 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
333 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49110">III&ordf; q. 50 a. 1 s. c.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
334 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49111">III&ordf; q. 50 a. 1 co.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
335 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49112">III&ordf; q. 50 a. 1 ad 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
336 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49113">III&ordf; q. 50 a. 1 ad 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
337 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49114">III&ordf; q. 50 a. 1 ad 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
338 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49115">III&ordf; q. 50 a. 2 arg. 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
339 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49116">III&ordf; q. 50 a. 2 arg. 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
340 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49117">III&ordf; q. 50 a. 2 arg. 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
341 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49118">III&ordf; q. 50 a. 2 s. c.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
342 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49119">III&ordf; q. 50 a. 2 co.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
343 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49120">III&ordf; q. 50 a. 2 ad 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
344 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49121">III&ordf; q. 50 a. 2 ad 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
345 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49122">III&ordf; q. 50 a. 2 ad 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
346 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49123">III&ordf; q. 50 a. 3 arg. 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
347 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49124">III&ordf; q. 50 a. 3 arg. 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
348 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49125">III&ordf; q. 50 a. 3 arg. 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
349 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49126">III&ordf; q. 50 a. 3 arg. 4');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
350 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49127">III&ordf; q. 50 a. 3 s. c.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
351 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49128">III&ordf; q. 50 a. 3 co.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
352 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49129">III&ordf; q. 50 a. 3 ad 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
353 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49130">III&ordf; q. 50 a. 3 ad 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
354 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49131">III&ordf; q. 50 a. 3 ad 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
355 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49132">III&ordf; q. 50 a. 3 ad 4');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
356 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49133">III&ordf; q. 50 a. 4 arg. 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
357 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49134">III&ordf; q. 50 a. 4 arg. 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
358 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49135">III&ordf; q. 50 a. 4 arg. 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
359 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49136">III&ordf; q. 50 a. 4 s. c.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
360 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49137">III&ordf; q. 50 a. 4 co.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
361 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49138">III&ordf; q. 50 a. 4 ad 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
362 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49139">III&ordf; q. 50 a. 4 ad 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
363 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49140">III&ordf; q. 50 a. 4 ad 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
364 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49141">III&ordf; q. 50 a. 5 arg. 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
365 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49142">III&ordf; q. 50 a. 5 arg. 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
366 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49143">III&ordf; q. 50 a. 5 arg. 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
367 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49144">III&ordf; q. 50 a. 5 s. c.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
368 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49145">III&ordf; q. 50 a. 5 co.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
369 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49146">III&ordf; q. 50 a. 5 ad 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
370 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49147">III&ordf; q. 50 a. 5 ad 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
371 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49148">III&ordf; q. 50 a. 5 ad 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
372 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49149">III&ordf; q. 50 a. 6 arg. 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
373 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49150">III&ordf; q. 50 a. 6 arg. 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
374 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49151">III&ordf; q. 50 a. 6 arg. 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
375 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49152">III&ordf; q. 50 a. 6 s. c.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
376 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49153">III&ordf; q. 50 a. 6 co.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
377 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49154">III&ordf; q. 50 a. 6 ad 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
378 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49155">III&ordf; q. 50 a. 6 ad 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
379 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49156">III&ordf; q. 50 a. 6 ad 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
380 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49157">III&ordf; q. 51 pr.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
381 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49158">III&ordf; q. 51 a. 1 arg. 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
382 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49159">III&ordf; q. 51 a. 1 arg. 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
383 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49160">III&ordf; q. 51 a. 1 arg. 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
384 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49161">III&ordf; q. 51 a. 1 s. c.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
385 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49162">III&ordf; q. 51 a. 1 co.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
386 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49163">III&ordf; q. 51 a. 1 ad 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
387 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49164">III&ordf; q. 51 a. 1 ad 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
388 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49165">III&ordf; q. 51 a. 1 ad 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
389 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49166">III&ordf; q. 51 a. 2 arg. 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
390 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49167">III&ordf; q. 51 a. 2 arg. 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
391 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49168">III&ordf; q. 51 a. 2 arg. 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
392 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49169">III&ordf; q. 51 a. 2 arg. 4');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
393 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49170">III&ordf; q. 51 a. 2 s. c.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
394 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49171">III&ordf; q. 51 a. 2 co.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
395 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49172">III&ordf; q. 51 a. 2 ad 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
396 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49173">III&ordf; q. 51 a. 2 ad 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
397 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49174">III&ordf; q. 51 a. 2 ad 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
398 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49175">III&ordf; q. 51 a. 2 ad 4');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
399 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49176">III&ordf; q. 51 a. 3 arg. 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
400 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49177">III&ordf; q. 51 a. 3 arg. 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
401 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49178">III&ordf; q. 51 a. 3 arg. 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
402 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49179">III&ordf; q. 51 a. 3 s. c.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
403 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49180">III&ordf; q. 51 a. 3 co.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
404 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49181">III&ordf; q. 51 a. 3 ad 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
405 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49182">III&ordf; q. 51 a. 3 ad 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
406 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49183">III&ordf; q. 51 a. 3 ad 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
407 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49184">III&ordf; q. 51 a. 4 arg. 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
408 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49185">III&ordf; q. 51 a. 4 arg. 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
409 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49186">III&ordf; q. 51 a. 4 arg. 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
410 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49187">III&ordf; q. 51 a. 4 s. c.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
411 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49188">III&ordf; q. 51 a. 4 co.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
412 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49189">III&ordf; q. 51 a. 4 ad 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
413 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49190">III&ordf; q. 51 a. 4 ad 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
414 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49191">III&ordf; q. 51 a. 4 ad 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
415 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49192">III&ordf; q. 52 pr.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
416 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49193">III&ordf; q. 52 a. 1 arg. 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
417 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49194">III&ordf; q. 52 a. 1 arg. 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
418 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49195">III&ordf; q. 52 a. 1 arg. 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
419 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49196">III&ordf; q. 52 a. 1 s. c.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
420 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49197">III&ordf; q. 52 a. 1 co.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
421 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49198">III&ordf; q. 52 a. 1 ad 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
422 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49199">III&ordf; q. 52 a. 1 ad 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
423 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49200">III&ordf; q. 52 a. 1 ad 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
424 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49201">III&ordf; q. 52 a. 2 arg. 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
425 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49202">III&ordf; q. 52 a. 2 arg. 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
426 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49203">III&ordf; q. 52 a. 2 arg. 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
427 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49204">III&ordf; q. 52 a. 2 arg. 4');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
428 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49205">III&ordf; q. 52 a. 2 arg. 5');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
429 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49206">III&ordf; q. 52 a. 2 s. c.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
430 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49207">III&ordf; q. 52 a. 2 co.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
431 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49208">III&ordf; q. 52 a. 2 ad 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
432 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49209">III&ordf; q. 52 a. 2 ad 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
433 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49210">III&ordf; q. 52 a. 2 ad 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
434 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49211">III&ordf; q. 52 a. 2 ad 4');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
435 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49212">III&ordf; q. 52 a. 2 ad 5');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
436 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49213">III&ordf; q. 52 a. 3 arg. 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
437 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49214">III&ordf; q. 52 a. 3 arg. 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
438 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49215">III&ordf; q. 52 a. 3 arg. 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
439 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49216">III&ordf; q. 52 a. 3 s. c.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
440 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49217">III&ordf; q. 52 a. 3 co.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
441 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49218">III&ordf; q. 52 a. 3 ad 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
442 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49219">III&ordf; q. 52 a. 3 ad 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
443 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49220">III&ordf; q. 52 a. 3 ad 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
444 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49221">III&ordf; q. 52 a. 4 arg. 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
445 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49222">III&ordf; q. 52 a. 4 arg. 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
446 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49223">III&ordf; q. 52 a. 4 arg. 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
447 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49224">III&ordf; q. 52 a. 4 s. c.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
448 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49225">III&ordf; q. 52 a. 4 co.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
449 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49226">III&ordf; q. 52 a. 4 ad 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
450 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49227">III&ordf; q. 52 a. 4 ad 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
451 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49228">III&ordf; q. 52 a. 4 ad 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
452 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49229">III&ordf; q. 52 a. 5 arg. 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
453 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49230">III&ordf; q. 52 a. 5 arg. 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
454 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49231">III&ordf; q. 52 a. 5 arg. 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
455 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49232">III&ordf; q. 52 a. 5 s. c.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
456 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49233">III&ordf; q. 52 a. 5 co.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
457 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49234">III&ordf; q. 52 a. 5 ad 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
458 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49235">III&ordf; q. 52 a. 5 ad 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
459 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49236">III&ordf; q. 52 a. 5 ad 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
460 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49237">III&ordf; q. 52 a. 6 arg. 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
461 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49238">III&ordf; q. 52 a. 6 arg. 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
462 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49239">III&ordf; q. 52 a. 6 arg. 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
463 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49240">III&ordf; q. 52 a. 6 s. c.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
464 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49241">III&ordf; q. 52 a. 6 co.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
465 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49242">III&ordf; q. 52 a. 6 ad 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
466 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49243">III&ordf; q. 52 a. 6 ad 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
467 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49244">III&ordf; q. 52 a. 6 ad 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
468 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49245">III&ordf; q. 52 a. 7 arg. 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
469 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49246">III&ordf; q. 52 a. 7 arg. 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
470 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49247">III&ordf; q. 52 a. 7 arg. 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
471 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49248">III&ordf; q. 52 a. 7 s. c.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
472 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49249">III&ordf; q. 52 a. 7 co.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
473 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49250">III&ordf; q. 52 a. 7 ad 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
474 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49251">III&ordf; q. 52 a. 7 ad 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
475 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49252">III&ordf; q. 52 a. 7 ad 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
476 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49253">III&ordf; q. 52 a. 8 arg. 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
477 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49254">III&ordf; q. 52 a. 8 arg. 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
478 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49255">III&ordf; q. 52 a. 8 arg. 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
479 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49256">III&ordf; q. 52 a. 8 s. c.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
480 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49257">III&ordf; q. 52 a. 8 co.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
481 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49258">III&ordf; q. 52 a. 8 ad 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
482 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49259">III&ordf; q. 52 a. 8 ad 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
483 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49260">III&ordf; q. 52 a. 8 ad 3');
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
484 document.write('<\/SELECT>');
26
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
485 document.write('<BR><BR>');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
486 document.write('<INPUT TYPE="button" VALUE="Agedum" ONCLICK="go()">');
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
487 document.write('<\/FORM>');
26
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
488 // -->
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
489 //]]>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
490 </script><br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
491 <hr />
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
492 <br /></div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
493 <div class="D">Quaestio 46</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
494 <div class="G">Prooemium</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
495 <p title="III q. 46 pr."><a name="48842"><span class="ref">[48842]
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diff changeset
496 III&ordf; q. 46 pr.</span></a> Consequenter considerandum est de
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diff changeset
497 his quae pertinent ad exitum Christi de mundo. Et primo, de
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diff changeset
498 passione eius; secundo, de morte; tertio, de sepultura; quarto, de
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diff changeset
499 descensu ad Inferos. Circa passionem occurrit triplex consideratio,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
500 prima, de ipsa passione; secunda, de causa efficiente passionis;
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diff changeset
501 tertia, de fructu passionis. Circa primum quaeruntur duodecim.
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diff changeset
502 Primo, utrum necesse fuerit Christum pati pro liberatione hominum.
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diff changeset
503 Secundo, utrum fuerit alius modus possibilis liberationis humanae.
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diff changeset
504 Tertio, utrum iste modus fuerit convenientior. Quarto, utrum fuerit
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diff changeset
505 conveniens quod in cruce pateretur. Quinto, de generalitate
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diff changeset
506 passionis eius. Sexto, utrum dolor quem in passione sustinuit,
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diff changeset
507 fuerit maximus. Septimo, utrum tota anima eius pateretur. Octavo,
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diff changeset
508 utrum passio eius impediverit gaudium fruitionis. Nono, de tempore
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diff changeset
509 passionis. Decimo, de loco. Undecimo, utrum conveniens fuerit ipsum
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diff changeset
510 cum latronibus crucifigi. Duodecimo, utrum passio ipsius Christi
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511 sit divinitati attribuenda.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
512 <br />
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diff changeset
513 <div class="E">Articulus 1</div>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
514 <p title="III q. 46 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="48843"><span class=
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diff changeset
515 "ref">[48843] III&ordf; q. 46 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad primum sic
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parents: 26
diff changeset
516 proceditur. Videtur quod non fuerit necessarium Christum pati pro
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parents: 26
diff changeset
517 humani generis liberatione. Humanum enim genus liberari non poterat
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diff changeset
518 nisi a Deo, secundum illud Isaiae XLV, <i>nunquid non ego dominus,
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519 et non est ultra Deus absque me? Deus iustus et salvans non est
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parents: 26
diff changeset
520 praeter me</i>. In Deum autem non cadit aliqua necessitas, quia hoc
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parents: 26
diff changeset
521 repugnaret omnipotentiae ipsius. Ergo non fuit necessarium Christum
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diff changeset
522 pati.</p>
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diff changeset
523 <p title="III q. 46 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="48844"><span class=
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diff changeset
524 "ref">[48844] III&ordf; q. 46 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
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diff changeset
525 necessarium voluntario opponitur. Sed Christus propria voluntate
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parents: 26
diff changeset
526 est passus, dicitur enim Isaiae LIII, <i>oblatus est quia ipse
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diff changeset
527 voluit</i>. Ergo non necessarium fuit eum pati.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
528 <p title="III q. 46 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="48845"><span class=
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diff changeset
529 "ref">[48845] III&ordf; q. 46 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
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diff changeset
530 sicut in Psalmo dicitur, <i>universae viae domini misericordia et
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parents: 26
diff changeset
531 veritas</i>. Sed non videtur necessarium quod pateretur ex parte
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parents: 26
diff changeset
532 misericordiae divinae, quae, sicut gratis dona tribuit, ita videtur
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diff changeset
533 quod gratis debita relaxet, absque satisfactione. Neque etiam ex
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parents: 26
diff changeset
534 parte divinae iustitiae, secundum quam homo aeternam damnationem
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diff changeset
535 meruerat. Ergo videtur non fuisse necessarium quod Christus pro
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diff changeset
536 liberatione hominum pateretur.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
537 <p title="III q. 46 a. 1 arg. 4"><a name="48846"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
538 "ref">[48846] III&ordf; q. 46 a. 1 arg. 4</span></a> Praeterea,
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diff changeset
539 angelica natura est excellentior quam humana, ut patet per
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diff changeset
540 Dionysium, IV cap. de Div. Nom. Sed pro reparatione angelicae
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diff changeset
541 naturae, quae peccaverat, Christus non est passus. Ergo videtur
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diff changeset
542 quod nec etiam fuerit necessarium eum pati pro salute humani
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diff changeset
543 generis.</p>
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diff changeset
544 <p title="III q. 46 a. 1 s. c."><a name="48847"><span class=
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diff changeset
545 "ref">[48847] III&ordf; q. 46 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
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diff changeset
546 quod dicitur Ioan. III, <i>sicut Moyses exaltavit serpentem in
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diff changeset
547 deserto, sic oportet exaltari filium hominis, ut omnis qui credit
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diff changeset
548 in eum non pereat, sed habeat vitam aeternam</i>. Quod quidem de
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diff changeset
549 exaltatione in cruce intelligitur. Ergo videtur quod Christum
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diff changeset
550 oportuerit pati.</p>
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diff changeset
551 <p title="III q. 46 a. 1 co."><a name="48848"><span class=
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diff changeset
552 "ref">[48848] III&ordf; q. 46 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo
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diff changeset
553 dicendum quod, sicut philosophus docet in V Metaphys., necessarium
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parents: 26
diff changeset
554 multipliciter dicitur. Uno quidem modo, quod secundum sui naturam
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diff changeset
555 impossibile est aliter se habere. Et sic manifestum est quod non
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diff changeset
556 fuit necessarium Christum pati, neque ex parte Dei, neque ex parte
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diff changeset
557 hominis. Alio modo dicitur aliquid necessarium ex aliquo exteriori.
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diff changeset
558 Quod quidem si sit causa efficiens vel movens, facit necessitatem
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diff changeset
559 coactionis, utpote cum aliquis non potest ire propter violentiam
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560 detinentis ipsum. Si vero illud exterius quod necessitatem inducit,
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561 sit finis, dicetur aliquid necessarium ex suppositione finis,
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562 quando scilicet finis aliquis aut nullo modo potest esse, aut non
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563 potest esse convenienter, nisi tali fine praesupposito. Non fuit
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564 ergo necessarium Christum pati necessitate coactionis, neque ex
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parents: 26
diff changeset
565 parte Dei, qui Christum definivit pati; neque etiam ex parte ipsius
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parents: 26
diff changeset
566 Christi, qui voluntarie passus est. Fuit autem necessarium
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diff changeset
567 necessitate finis. Qui quidem potest tripliciter intelligi. Primo
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568 quidem, ex parte nostra, qui per eius passionem liberati sumus,
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diff changeset
569 secundum illud Ioan. III, <i>oportet exaltari filium hominis, ut
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diff changeset
570 omnis qui credit in eum non pereat, sed habeat vitam aeternam</i>.
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571 Secundo, ex parte ipsius Christi, qui per humilitatem passionis
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diff changeset
572 meruit gloriam exaltationis. Et ad hoc pertinet quod dicitur Luc.
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diff changeset
573 ult., <i>haec oportuit Christum pati, et sic intrare in gloriam
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574 suam</i>. Tertio, ex parte Dei, cuius definitio est circa passionem
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diff changeset
575 Christi praenuntiatam in Scripturis et praefiguratam in observantia
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diff changeset
576 veteris testamenti. Et hoc est quod dicitur Luc. XXII, <i>filius
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parents: 26
diff changeset
577 hominis secundum quod definitum est vadit</i>; et Luc. ult.,
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diff changeset
578 <i>haec sunt verba quae locutus sum ad vos cum adhuc essem
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diff changeset
579 vobiscum, quoniam necesse est impleri omnia quae scripta sunt in
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diff changeset
580 lege Moysi et prophetis et Psalmis de me; et, quoniam scriptum est
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diff changeset
581 quoniam oportebat Christum pati et resurgere a mortuis</i>.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
582 <p title="III q. 46 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="48849"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
583 "ref">[48849] III&ordf; q. 46 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
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diff changeset
584 dicendum quod ratio illa procedit de necessitate coactionis ex
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diff changeset
585 parte Dei.</p>
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diff changeset
586 <p title="III q. 46 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="48850"><span class=
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diff changeset
587 "ref">[48850] III&ordf; q. 46 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
588 dicendum quod ratio illa procedit de necessitate coactionis ex
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parents: 26
diff changeset
589 parte hominis Christi.</p>
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diff changeset
590 <p title="III q. 46 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="48851"><span class=
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diff changeset
591 "ref">[48851] III&ordf; q. 46 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
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parents: 26
diff changeset
592 dicendum quod hominem liberari per passionem Christi, conveniens
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parents: 26
diff changeset
593 fuit et misericordiae et iustitiae eius. Iustitiae quidem, quia per
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parents: 26
diff changeset
594 passionem suam Christus satisfecit pro peccato humani generis, et
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diff changeset
595 ita homo per iustitiam Christi liberatus est. Misericordiae vero,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
596 quia, cum homo per se satisfacere non posset pro peccato totius
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parents: 26
diff changeset
597 humanae naturae, ut supra habitum est, Deus ei satisfactorem dedit
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parents: 26
diff changeset
598 filium suum, secundum illud Rom. III, <i>iustificati gratis per
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parents: 26
diff changeset
599 gratiam ipsius, per redemptionem quae est in Christo Iesu, quem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
600 proposuit Deus propitiatorem per fidem ipsius</i>. Et hoc fuit
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parents: 26
diff changeset
601 abundantioris misericordiae quam si peccata absque satisfactione
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diff changeset
602 dimisisset. Unde dicitur Ephes. II, <i>Deus, qui dives est in
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parents: 26
diff changeset
603 misericordia, propter nimiam caritatem qua dilexit nos, cum essemus
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diff changeset
604 mortui peccatis, convivificavit nos in Christo</i>.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
605 <p title="III q. 46 a. 1 ad 4"><a name="48852"><span class=
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diff changeset
606 "ref">[48852] III&ordf; q. 46 a. 1 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
607 dicendum quod peccatum Angeli non fuit remediabile, sicut peccatum
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diff changeset
608 hominis, ut ex supra dictis in prima parte patet.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
609 <br />
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diff changeset
610 <div class="E">Articulus 2</div>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
611 <p title="III q. 46 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="48853"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
612 "ref">[48853] III&ordf; q. 46 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad secundum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
613 sic proceditur. Videtur quod non fuit possibilis alius modus
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parents: 26
diff changeset
614 liberationis humanae naturae quam per passionem Christi. Dixit enim
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parents: 26
diff changeset
615 dominus, Ioan. XII, <i>nisi granum frumenti cadens in terram
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diff changeset
616 mortuum fuerit, ipsum solum manet, si autem mortuum fuerit, multum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
617 fructum affert</i>, ubi dicit Augustinus quod <i>seipsum granum
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diff changeset
618 dicebat</i>. Nisi ergo mortem passus esset, aliter fructum nostrae
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diff changeset
619 liberationis non fecisset.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
620 <p title="III q. 46 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="48854"><span class=
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diff changeset
621 "ref">[48854] III&ordf; q. 46 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
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diff changeset
622 Matth. XXVI dominus dicit ad patrem, <i>pater mi, si non potest
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diff changeset
623 iste calix transire nisi bibam illum, fiat voluntas tua</i>.
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diff changeset
624 Loquitur autem ibi de calice passionis. Ergo passio Christi
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diff changeset
625 praeterire non poterat. Unde et Hilarius dicit, <i>ideo calix
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parents: 26
diff changeset
626 transire non potest nisi illum bibat, quia reparari nisi ex eius
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diff changeset
627 passione non possumus</i>.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
628 <p title="III q. 46 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="48855"><span class=
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diff changeset
629 "ref">[48855] III&ordf; q. 46 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
630 iustitia Dei exigebat ut homo a peccato liberaretur, Christo per
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parents: 26
diff changeset
631 passionem suam satisfaciente. Sed Christus suam iustitiam
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diff changeset
632 praeterire non potest. Dicitur enim II ad Tim. II, <i>si non
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diff changeset
633 credimus, ille fidelis permanet, negare seipsum non potest</i>.
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diff changeset
634 Seipsum autem negaret si iustitiam suam negaret, cum ipse sit
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diff changeset
635 iustitia. Ergo videtur quod non fuerit possibile alio modo hominem
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diff changeset
636 liberari quam per passionem Christi.</p>
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diff changeset
637 <p title="III q. 46 a. 2 arg. 4"><a name="48856"><span class=
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diff changeset
638 "ref">[48856] III&ordf; q. 46 a. 2 arg. 4</span></a> Praeterea,
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diff changeset
639 fidei non potest subesse falsum. Sed antiqui patres crediderunt
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diff changeset
640 Christum passurum. Ergo videtur quod non potuerit esse quin
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diff changeset
641 Christus pateretur.</p>
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diff changeset
642 <p title="III q. 46 a. 2 s. c."><a name="48857"><span class=
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diff changeset
643 "ref">[48857] III&ordf; q. 46 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
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diff changeset
644 quod Augustinus dicit, XIII de Trin., <i>istum modum quo nos per
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diff changeset
645 mediatorem Dei et hominum, hominem Christum Iesum, Deus liberare
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diff changeset
646 dignatur, asserimus bonum et divinae dignitati congruum, verum
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diff changeset
647 etiam ostendamus alium modum possibilem Deo fuisse, cuius potestati
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diff changeset
648 cuncta aequaliter subiacent</i>.</p>
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diff changeset
649 <p title="III q. 46 a. 2 co."><a name="48858"><span class=
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diff changeset
650 "ref">[48858] III&ordf; q. 46 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo
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parents: 26
diff changeset
651 dicendum quod aliquid potest dici possibile vel impossibile
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diff changeset
652 dupliciter, uno modo, simpliciter et absolute; alio modo, ex
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diff changeset
653 suppositione. Simpliciter igitur et absolute loquendo, possibile
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diff changeset
654 fuit Deo alio modo hominem liberare quam per passionem Christi,
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diff changeset
655 <i>quia non est impossibile apud Deum omne verbum</i>, ut dicitur
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diff changeset
656 Luc. I. Sed ex aliqua suppositione facta, fuit impossibile. Quia
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diff changeset
657 enim impossibile est Dei praescientiam falli et eius voluntatem
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diff changeset
658 sive dispositionem cassari, supposita praescientia et
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diff changeset
659 praeordinatione Dei de passione Christi, non erat simul possibile
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parents: 26
diff changeset
660 Christum non pati, et hominem alio modo quam per eius passionem
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diff changeset
661 liberari. Et est eadem ratio de omnibus his quae sunt praescita et
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diff changeset
662 praeordinata a Deo, ut in prima parte habitum est.</p>
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diff changeset
663 <p title="III q. 46 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="48859"><span class=
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diff changeset
664 "ref">[48859] III&ordf; q. 46 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
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diff changeset
665 dicendum quod dominus ibi loquitur supposita praescientia et
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diff changeset
666 praeordinatione Dei, secundum quam erat ordinatum ut fructus
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parents: 26
diff changeset
667 humanae salutis non sequeretur nisi Christo patiente.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
668 <p title="III q. 46 a. 2 ad 2"><a name="48860"><span class=
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diff changeset
669 "ref">[48860] III&ordf; q. 46 a. 2 ad 2</span></a> Et similiter
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parents: 26
diff changeset
670 intelligendum est quod secundo obiicitur, <i>si non potest hic
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parents: 26
diff changeset
671 calix transire nisi bibam illum</i>, scilicet, propter hoc quod et
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parents: 26
diff changeset
672 tu ita disposuisti. Unde subdit, <i>fiat voluntas tua</i>.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
673 <p title="III q. 46 a. 2 ad 3"><a name="48861"><span class=
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diff changeset
674 "ref">[48861] III&ordf; q. 46 a. 2 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
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diff changeset
675 dicendum quod haec etiam iustitia dependet ex voluntate divina ab
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parents: 26
diff changeset
676 humano genere satisfactionem pro peccato exigente. Alioquin, si
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parents: 26
diff changeset
677 voluisset absque omni satisfactione hominem a peccato liberare,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
678 contra iustitiam non fecisset. Ille enim iudex non potest, salva
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parents: 26
diff changeset
679 iustitia, culpam sive poenam dimittere, qui habet punire culpam in
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parents: 26
diff changeset
680 alium commissam, puta vel in alium hominem, vel in totam
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parents: 26
diff changeset
681 rempublicam, sive in superiorem principem. Sed Deus non habet
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parents: 26
diff changeset
682 aliquem superiorem, sed ipse est supremum et commune bonum totius
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parents: 26
diff changeset
683 universi. Et ideo, si dimittat peccatum, quod habet rationem culpae
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parents: 26
diff changeset
684 ex eo quod contra ipsum committitur, nulli facit iniuriam, sicut
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parents: 26
diff changeset
685 quicumque homo remittit offensam in se commissam absque
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parents: 26
diff changeset
686 satisfactione, misericorditer, et non iniuste agit. Et ideo David,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
687 misericordiam petens, dicebat, tibi soli peccavi, quasi dicat,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
688 potes sine iniustitia mihi dimittere.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
689 <p title="III q. 46 a. 2 ad 4"><a name="48862"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
690 "ref">[48862] III&ordf; q. 46 a. 2 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
691 dicendum quod fides humana, et etiam Scripturae divinae, quibus
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parents: 26
diff changeset
692 fides instruitur, innituntur praescientiae et ordinationi divinae.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
693 Et ideo eadem ratio est de necessitate quae provenit ex
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parents: 26
diff changeset
694 suppositione eorum, et de necessitate quae provenit ex praescientia
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diff changeset
695 et voluntate divina.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
696 <br />
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parents: 26
diff changeset
697 <div class="E">Articulus 3</div>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
698 <p title="III q. 46 a. 3 arg. 1"><a name="48863"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
699 "ref">[48863] III&ordf; q. 46 a. 3 arg. 1</span></a> Ad tertium sic
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parents: 26
diff changeset
700 proceditur. Videtur quod alius modus convenientior fuisset
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parents: 26
diff changeset
701 liberationis humanae quam per passionem Christi. Natura enim in sua
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parents: 26
diff changeset
702 operatione imitatur opus divinum, utpote a Deo mota et regulata.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
703 Sed natura non facit per duo quod per unum potest facere. Cum ergo
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parents: 26
diff changeset
704 Deus potuerit hominem liberare sola propria voluntate, non videtur
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parents: 26
diff changeset
705 conveniens fuisse quod ad liberationem humani generis Christi
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parents: 26
diff changeset
706 passio adderetur.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
707 <p title="III q. 46 a. 3 arg. 2"><a name="48864"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
708 "ref">[48864] III&ordf; q. 46 a. 3 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea, ea
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parents: 26
diff changeset
709 quae fiunt per naturam, convenientius fiunt quam ea quae per
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parents: 26
diff changeset
710 violentiam fiunt, quia violentum est quaedam excisio, seu casus, ab
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parents: 26
diff changeset
711 eo quod est secundum naturam, ut dicitur in libro de caelo. Sed
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parents: 26
diff changeset
712 passio Christi mortem violentam induxit. Ergo convenientius fuisset
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parents: 26
diff changeset
713 quod Christus naturali morte moriendo hominem liberaret, quam quod
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parents: 26
diff changeset
714 pateretur.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
715 <p title="III q. 46 a. 3 arg. 3"><a name="48865"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
716 "ref">[48865] III&ordf; q. 46 a. 3 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
717 convenientissimum videtur quod ille qui violenter et iniuste
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parents: 26
diff changeset
718 detinet, per superioris potentiam spolietur, unde et Isaiae LII
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parents: 26
diff changeset
719 dicitur, <i>gratis venundati estis, et sine argento redimemini</i>.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
720 Sed Diabolus nullum ius in homine habebat, quem per fraudem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
721 deceperat, et per quandam violentiam servituti subiectum detinebat.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
722 Ergo videtur convenientissimum fuisse quod Christus Diabolum per
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diff changeset
723 solam potentiam spoliaret, absque sua passione.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
724 <p title="III q. 46 a. 3 s. c."><a name="48866"><span class=
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diff changeset
725 "ref">[48866] III&ordf; q. 46 a. 3 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
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parents: 26
diff changeset
726 quod Augustinus dicit, XIII de Trin., <i>sanandae nostrae miseriae
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parents: 26
diff changeset
727 convenientior modus alius non fuit</i> quam per Christi
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parents: 26
diff changeset
728 passionem.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
729 <p title="III q. 46 a. 3 co."><a name="48867"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
730 "ref">[48867] III&ordf; q. 46 a. 3 co.</span></a> Respondeo
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parents: 26
diff changeset
731 dicendum quod tanto aliquis modus convenientior est ad assequendum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
732 finem, quanto per ipsum plura concurrunt quae sunt expedientia
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parents: 26
diff changeset
733 fini. Per hoc autem quod homo per Christi passionem est liberatus,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
734 multa occurrerunt ad salutem hominis pertinentia, praeter
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parents: 26
diff changeset
735 liberationem a peccato. Primo enim, per hoc homo cognoscit quantum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
736 Deus hominem diligat, et per hoc provocatur ad eum diligendum, in
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parents: 26
diff changeset
737 quo perfectio humanae salutis consistit. Unde apostolus dicit, Rom.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
738 V, <i>commendat suam caritatem Deus in nobis, quoniam, cum inimici
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parents: 26
diff changeset
739 essemus, Christus pro nobis mortuus est</i>. Secundo, quia per hoc
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parents: 26
diff changeset
740 dedit nobis exemplum obedientiae, humilitatis, constantiae,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
741 iustitiae, et ceterarum virtutum in passione Christi ostensarum,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
742 quae sunt necessariae ad humanam salutem. Unde dicitur I Pet. II,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
743 <i>Christus passus est pro nobis, nobis relinquens exemplum, ut
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diff changeset
744 sequamur vestigia eius</i>. Tertio, quia Christus per passionem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
745 suam non solum hominem a peccato liberavit, sed etiam gratiam
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parents: 26
diff changeset
746 iustificantem et gloriam beatitudinis ei promeruit, ut infra
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parents: 26
diff changeset
747 dicetur. Quarto, quia per hoc est homini indicta maior necessitas
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parents: 26
diff changeset
748 se immunem a peccato conservandi, secundum illud I Cor. VI,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
749 <i>empti estis pretio magno, glorificate et portate Deum in corpore
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parents: 26
diff changeset
750 vestro</i>. Quinto, quia hoc ad maiorem dignitatem cessit, ut,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
751 sicut homo victus fuerat et deceptus a Diabolo, ita etiam homo
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diff changeset
752 esset qui Diabolum vinceret; et sicut homo mortem meruit, ita homo
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diff changeset
753 moriendo mortem superaret; ut dicitur I Cor. XV, <i>Deo gratias,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
754 qui dedit nobis victoriam per Iesum Christum</i>. Et ideo
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parents: 26
diff changeset
755 convenientius fuit quod per passionem Christi liberaremur, quam per
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parents: 26
diff changeset
756 solam Dei voluntatem.</p>
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diff changeset
757 <p title="III q. 46 a. 3 ad 1"><a name="48868"><span class=
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diff changeset
758 "ref">[48868] III&ordf; q. 46 a. 3 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
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parents: 26
diff changeset
759 dicendum quod natura etiam, ut aliquid convenientius faciat, plura
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parents: 26
diff changeset
760 ad unum assumit, sicut duos oculos ad videndum. Et idem patet in
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diff changeset
761 aliis.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
762 <p title="III q. 46 a. 3 ad 2"><a name="48869"><span class=
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diff changeset
763 "ref">[48869] III&ordf; q. 46 a. 3 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
764 dicendum quod, sicut Chrysostomus dicit, <i>Christus non sui
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parents: 26
diff changeset
765 mortem, quam non habebat, cum sit vita, sed hominum mortem venerat
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parents: 26
diff changeset
766 consumpturus. Unde non propria morte corpus deposuit, sed ab
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parents: 26
diff changeset
767 hominibus illatam sustinuit. Sed et, si aegrotavisset corpus eius
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parents: 26
diff changeset
768 et in conspectu omnium solveretur, inconveniens erat eum qui
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parents: 26
diff changeset
769 aliorum languores sanaret, habere proprium corpus affectum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
770 languoribus. Sed et, si absque aliquo morbo seorsum alicubi corpus
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parents: 26
diff changeset
771 deposuisset ac deinde se offerret, non crederetur ei de
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parents: 26
diff changeset
772 resurrectione disserenti. Quomodo enim pateret Christi in morte
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parents: 26
diff changeset
773 victoria, nisi, coram omnibus eam patiens, per incorruptionem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
774 corporis probasset extinctam?</i></p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
775 <p title="III q. 46 a. 3 ad 3"><a name="48870"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
776 "ref">[48870] III&ordf; q. 46 a. 3 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
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parents: 26
diff changeset
777 dicendum quod, licet Diabolus iniuste invaserit hominem, tamen homo
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parents: 26
diff changeset
778 propter peccatum iuste erat sub servitute Diaboli derelictus a Deo.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
779 Et ideo conveniens fuit ut per iustitiam homo a servitute Diaboli
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diff changeset
780 liberaretur, Christo satisfaciente pro ipso per suam passionem.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
781 Fuit etiam hoc conveniens ad vincendam superbiam Diaboli, <i>qui
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diff changeset
782 est desertor iustitiae et amator potentiae, ut Christus Diabolum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
783 vinceret et hominem liberaret, non per solam potentiam divinitatis,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
784 sed etiam per iustitiam et humilitatem passionis</i>, ut Augustinus
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parents: 26
diff changeset
785 dicit, XIII de Trinitate.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
786 <br />
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parents: 26
diff changeset
787 <div class="E">Articulus 4</div>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
788 <p title="III q. 46 a. 4 arg. 1"><a name="48871"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
789 "ref">[48871] III&ordf; q. 46 a. 4 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quartum sic
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parents: 26
diff changeset
790 proceditur. Videtur quod Christus non debuerit pati in cruce.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
791 Veritas enim debet respondere figurae. Sed in figuram Christi
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parents: 26
diff changeset
792 praecesserunt omnia sacrificia veteris testamenti, in quibus
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parents: 26
diff changeset
793 animalia gladio necabantur, et postmodum igni cremabantur. Ergo
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parents: 26
diff changeset
794 videtur quod Christus non debuerit pati in cruce, sed magis gladio
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parents: 26
diff changeset
795 vel igne.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
796 <p title="III q. 46 a. 4 arg. 2"><a name="48872"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
797 "ref">[48872] III&ordf; q. 46 a. 4 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
798 Damascenus dicit quod Christus non debuit assumere detractibiles
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parents: 26
diff changeset
799 passiones. Sed mors crucis videtur maxime detractibilis et
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parents: 26
diff changeset
800 ignominiosa, unde dicitur Sap. II, <i>morte turpissima condemnemus
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parents: 26
diff changeset
801 eum</i>. Ergo videtur quod Christus non debuit pati mortem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
802 crucis.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
803 <p title="III q. 46 a. 4 arg. 3"><a name="48873"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
804 "ref">[48873] III&ordf; q. 46 a. 4 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea, de
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parents: 26
diff changeset
805 Christo dicitur, <i>benedictus qui venit in nomine domini</i>, ut
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diff changeset
806 patet Matth. XXI. Sed mors crucis erat mors maledictionis, secundum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
807 illud Deut. XXI, <i>maledictus a Deo est qui pendet in ligno</i>.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
808 Ergo videtur quod non fuit conveniens Christum crucifigi.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
809 <p title="III q. 46 a. 4 s. c."><a name="48874"><span class=
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diff changeset
810 "ref">[48874] III&ordf; q. 46 a. 4 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
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parents: 26
diff changeset
811 quod dicitur Philipp. II, <i>factus est obediens usque ad mortem,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
812 mortem autem crucis</i>.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
813 <p title="III q. 46 a. 4 co."><a name="48875"><span class=
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diff changeset
814 "ref">[48875] III&ordf; q. 46 a. 4 co.</span></a> Respondeo
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parents: 26
diff changeset
815 dicendum quod convenientissimum fuit Christum pati mortem crucis.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
816 Primo quidem, propter exemplum virtutis. Dicit enim Augustinus, in
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parents: 26
diff changeset
817 libro octogintatrium quaest., <i>sapientia Dei hominem, ad exemplum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
818 quo recte viveremus, suscepit. Pertinet autem ad vitam rectam ea
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parents: 26
diff changeset
819 quae non sunt metuenda, non metuere. Sunt autem homines qui,
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diff changeset
820 quamvis mortem ipsam non timeant, genus tamen mortis horrescunt. Ut
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parents: 26
diff changeset
821 ergo nullum genus mortis recte viventi homini metuendum esset,
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diff changeset
822 illius hominis cruce ostendendum fuit, nihil enim erat, inter omnia
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parents: 26
diff changeset
823 genera mortis, illo genere execrabilius et formidabilius</i>.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
824 Secundo, quia hoc genus mortis maxime conveniens erat satisfactioni
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parents: 26
diff changeset
825 pro peccato primi parentis, quod fuit ex eo quod, contra mandatum
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diff changeset
826 Dei, pomum ligni vetiti sumpsit. Et ideo conveniens fuit quod
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parents: 26
diff changeset
827 Christus, ad satisfaciendum pro peccato illo, seipsum pateretur
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diff changeset
828 ligno affigi, quasi restituens quod Adam sustulerat, secundum illud
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diff changeset
829 Psalmi, <i>quae non rapui, tunc exsolvebam</i>. Unde Augustinus
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diff changeset
830 dicit, in quodam sermone de passione, <i>contemsit Adam praeceptum,
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diff changeset
831 accipiens ex arbore, sed quidquid Adam perdidit, Christus in cruce
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diff changeset
832 invenit</i>. Tertia ratio est quia, ut Chrysostomus dicit, in
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parents: 26
diff changeset
833 sermone de passione, <i>in excelso ligno, et non sub tecto passus
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parents: 26
diff changeset
834 est, ut etiam ipsius aeris natura mundetur. Sed et ipsa terra
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diff changeset
835 simile beneficium sentiebat, decurrentis de latere sanguinis
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diff changeset
836 stillatione mundata</i>. Et super illud Ioan. III, <i>oportet
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diff changeset
837 exaltari filium hominis, exaltari audiens, suspensionem intelligas
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parents: 26
diff changeset
838 in altum, ut sanctificaret aerem qui sanctificaverat terram
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parents: 26
diff changeset
839 ambulando in ea</i>. Quarta ratio est quia, per hoc quod in ea
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diff changeset
840 moritur, ascensum nobis parat in caelum, ut Chrysostomus dicit. Et
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parents: 26
diff changeset
841 inde est quod ipse dicit, Ioan. XII, <i>ego, si exaltatus fuero a
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diff changeset
842 terra, omnia traham ad meipsum</i>. Quinta ratio est quia hoc
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parents: 26
diff changeset
843 competit universali salvationi totius mundi. Unde Gregorius
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diff changeset
844 Nyssenus dicit quod <i>figura crucis, a medio contactu in quatuor
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diff changeset
845 extrema partita, significat virtutem et providentiam eius qui in ea
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diff changeset
846 pependit, ubique diffusam</i>. Chrysostomus etiam dicit quod in
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diff changeset
847 cruce, <i>expansis manibus, moritur, ut altera manu veterem
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diff changeset
848 populum, altera eos qui ex gentibus sunt, trahat</i>. Sexta ratio
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diff changeset
849 est quia per hoc genus mortis diversae virtutes designantur. Unde
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diff changeset
850 Augustinus dicit, in libro de gratia Vet. et novi Test., <i>non
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diff changeset
851 frustra tale genus mortis elegit, ut latitudinis et altitudinis et
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parents: 26
diff changeset
852 longitudinis et profunditatis</i>, de quibus apostolus loquitur,
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diff changeset
853 <i>magister existeret. Nam latitudo est in eo ligno quod
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diff changeset
854 transversum desuper figitur; hoc ad bona opera pertinet, quia ibi
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diff changeset
855 extenduntur manus. Longitudo in eo quod ab ipso ligno usque ad
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diff changeset
856 terram conspicuum est, ibi enim quodammodo statur, idest,
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diff changeset
857 persistitur et perseveratur; quod longanimitati tribuitur. Altitudo
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parents: 26
diff changeset
858 est in ea ligni parte quae ab illa quae transversa figitur, sursum
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diff changeset
859 versus relinquitur, hoc est, ad caput crucifixi, quia bene
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diff changeset
860 sperantium superna expectatio est. Iam vero illud ex ligno quod
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diff changeset
861 fixum occultatur, unde totum illud exurgit, significat
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parents: 26
diff changeset
862 profunditatem gratuitae gratiae</i>. Et, sicut Augustinus dicit,
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diff changeset
863 super Ioan., <i>lignum in quo fixa erant membra patientis, etiam
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diff changeset
864 cathedra fuit magistri docentis</i>. Septima ratio est quia hoc
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diff changeset
865 genus mortis plurimis figuris respondet. Ut enim Augustinus dicit,
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diff changeset
866 in sermone de passione, de diluvio aquarum humanum genus arca
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diff changeset
867 lignea liberavit; de Aegypto Dei populo recedente, Moyses mare
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diff changeset
868 virga divisit, et Pharaonem prostravit, et populum Dei redemit;
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diff changeset
869 idem Moyses lignum in aquam misit et amaram aquam in dulcedinem
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diff changeset
870 commutavit; ex lignea virga de spirituali petra salutaris unda
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diff changeset
871 profertur; et, ut Amalec vinceretur, contra virgam Moyses expansis
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diff changeset
872 manibus extenditur; et lex Dei arcae testamenti creditur ligneae;
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diff changeset
873 ut his omnibus ad lignum crucis, quasi per quosdam gradus,
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diff changeset
874 veniatur.</p>
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diff changeset
875 <p title="III q. 46 a. 4 ad 1"><a name="48876"><span class=
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diff changeset
876 "ref">[48876] III&ordf; q. 46 a. 4 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
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diff changeset
877 dicendum quod altare holocaustorum, in quo sacrificia animalium
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diff changeset
878 offerebantur, erat factum de lignis, ut habetur Exod. XXVII, et
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diff changeset
879 quantum ad hoc veritas respondet figurae. <i>Non autem oportet quod
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diff changeset
880 quantum, ad omnia, quia iam non esset similitudo, sed veritas</i>,
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diff changeset
881 ut Damascenus dicit, in III libro. Specialiter tamen, ut
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diff changeset
882 Chrysostomus dicit, <i>non caput ei amputatur, ut Ioanni; neque
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diff changeset
883 sectus est, ut Isaias, ut corpus integrum et indivisibile morti
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diff changeset
884 servet, et non fiat occasio volentibus Ecclesiam dividere</i>. Loco
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diff changeset
885 autem materialis ignis, fuit in holocausto Christi ignis
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diff changeset
886 caritatis.</p>
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diff changeset
887 <p title="III q. 46 a. 4 ad 2"><a name="48877"><span class=
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diff changeset
888 "ref">[48877] III&ordf; q. 46 a. 4 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
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diff changeset
889 dicendum quod Christus detractibiles passiones assumere renuit quae
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diff changeset
890 pertinebant ad defectum scientiae vel gratiae, aut etiam virtutis.
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diff changeset
891 Non autem illas quae pertinent ad iniuriam ab exteriori illatam,
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diff changeset
892 quinimmo, ut dicitur Heb. XII, <i>sustinuit crucem confusione
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diff changeset
893 contempta</i>.</p>
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diff changeset
894 <p title="III q. 46 a. 4 ad 3"><a name="48878"><span class=
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diff changeset
895 "ref">[48878] III&ordf; q. 46 a. 4 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
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diff changeset
896 dicendum quod, sicut Augustinus dicit, XIV contra Faustum, peccatum
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diff changeset
897 maledictum est et per consequens mors et mortalitas ex peccato
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diff changeset
898 proveniens, <i>caro autem Christi mortalis fuit, similitudinem
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diff changeset
899 habens carnis peccati</i>. Et propter hoc Moyses eam nominat
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diff changeset
900 maledictum, sicut et apostolus nominat eam peccatum, dicens, II
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diff changeset
901 Cor. V, <i>eum qui non noverat peccatum, pro nobis peccatum
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diff changeset
902 fecit</i>, scilicet per poenam peccati. <i>Nec ideo maior invidia
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diff changeset
903 est, quia dixit, maledictus est a Deo. Nisi enim Deus peccatum
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diff changeset
904 odisset, non ad eam suscipiendam atque tollendam filium suum
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diff changeset
905 mitteret. Confitere ergo maledictum suscepisse pro nobis, quem
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diff changeset
906 confiteris mortuum esse pro nobis</i>. Unde et Galat. III dicitur,
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diff changeset
907 <i>Christus nos redemit de maledicto legis, factus pro nobis
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diff changeset
908 maledictum</i>.</p>
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diff changeset
909 <br />
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diff changeset
910 <div class="E">Articulus 5</div>
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diff changeset
911 <p title="III q. 46 a. 5 arg. 1"><a name="48879"><span class=
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diff changeset
912 "ref">[48879] III&ordf; q. 46 a. 5 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quintum sic
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diff changeset
913 proceditur. Videtur quod Christus omnes passiones sustinuerit.
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diff changeset
914 Dicit enim Hilarius, in X de Trin., <i>unigenitus Dei, ad
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diff changeset
915 peragendum mortis suae sacramentum, consummasse in se omne
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diff changeset
916 humanarum genus passionum testatur, cum, inclinato capite, emisit
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diff changeset
917 spiritum</i>. Videtur ergo quod omnes passiones humanas
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diff changeset
918 sustinuerit.</p>
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diff changeset
919 <p title="III q. 46 a. 5 arg. 2"><a name="48880"><span class=
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diff changeset
920 "ref">[48880] III&ordf; q. 46 a. 5 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
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diff changeset
921 Isaiae LII dicitur, <i>ecce, intelliget servus meus, et
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diff changeset
922 exaltabitur, et elevabitur, et sublimis erit valde. Sicut
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diff changeset
923 obstupuerunt super eum multi, sic inglorius erit inter viros
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diff changeset
924 aspectus eius, et forma eius inter filios hominum</i>. Sed Christus
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diff changeset
925 est exaltatus secundum hoc quod habuit omnem gratiam et omnem
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diff changeset
926 scientiam, pro quo super eo multi admirantes obstupuerunt. Ergo
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diff changeset
927 videtur quod inglorius fuerit sustinendo omnem passionem
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diff changeset
928 humanam.</p>
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diff changeset
929 <p title="III q. 46 a. 5 arg. 3"><a name="48881"><span class=
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diff changeset
930 "ref">[48881] III&ordf; q. 46 a. 5 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
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diff changeset
931 passio Christi ordinata est ad liberationem hominis a peccato, ut
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diff changeset
932 supra dictum est. Sed Christus venit liberare homines ab omni
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diff changeset
933 peccatorum genere. Ergo debuit pati omne genus passionum.</p>
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diff changeset
934 <p title="III q. 46 a. 5 s. c."><a name="48882"><span class=
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diff changeset
935 "ref">[48882] III&ordf; q. 46 a. 5 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
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diff changeset
936 quod dicitur Ioan. XIX, quod <i>milites primi quidem fregerunt
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diff changeset
937 crura et alterius qui crucifixus est cum eo, ad Iesum autem cum
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diff changeset
938 venissent, non fregerunt eius crura</i>. Non ergo passus est omnem
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diff changeset
939 humanam passionem.</p>
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diff changeset
940 <p title="III q. 46 a. 5 co."><a name="48883"><span class=
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diff changeset
941 "ref">[48883] III&ordf; q. 46 a. 5 co.</span></a> Respondeo
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diff changeset
942 dicendum quod passiones humanae possunt considerari dupliciter. Uno
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diff changeset
943 modo, quantum ad speciem. Et sic non oportuit Christum omnem
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diff changeset
944 humanam passionem pati, quia multae passionum species sibi invicem
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diff changeset
945 contrariantur, sicut combustio in igne et submersio in aqua.
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diff changeset
946 Loquimur enim nunc de passionibus ab extrinseco illatis, quia
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diff changeset
947 passiones ab intrinseco causatas, sicut sunt aegritudines
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diff changeset
948 corporales, non decuit eum pati, ut supra dictum est. Sed secundum
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diff changeset
949 genus, passus est omnem passionem humanam. Quod quidem potest
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diff changeset
950 considerari tripliciter. Uno modo, ex parte hominum. Passus est
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diff changeset
951 enim aliquid et a gentilibus, et a Iudaeis; a masculis et feminis,
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diff changeset
952 ut patet de ancillis accusantibus Petrum. Passus est etiam a
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diff changeset
953 principibus, et a ministris eorum, et popularibus, secundum illud
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diff changeset
954 Psalmi, <i>quare fremuerunt gentes, et populi meditati sunt inania?
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diff changeset
955 Astiterunt reges terrae, et principes convenerunt in unum, adversus
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diff changeset
956 dominum et adversus Christum eius</i>. Passus est etiam a
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diff changeset
957 familiaribus et notis, sicut patet de Iuda eum prodente, et Petro
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diff changeset
958 ipsum negante. Alio modo patet idem ex parte eorum in quibus homo
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diff changeset
959 potest pati. Passus est enim Christus in suis amicis eum
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diff changeset
960 deserentibus; in fama per blasphemias contra eum dictas; in honore
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diff changeset
961 et gloria per irrisiones et contumelias ei illatas; in rebus per
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diff changeset
962 hoc quod etiam vestibus spoliatus est; in anima per tristitiam,
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diff changeset
963 taedium et timorem; in corpore per vulnera et flagella. Tertio
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diff changeset
964 potest considerari quantum ad corporis membra. Passus est enim
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diff changeset
965 Christus in capite pungentium spinarum coronam; in manibus et
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diff changeset
966 pedibus fixionem clavorum; in facie alapas et sputa; et in toto
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diff changeset
967 corpore flagella. Fuit etiam passus secundum omnem sensum
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diff changeset
968 corporeum, secundum tactum quidem, flagellatus et clavis confixus;
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diff changeset
969 secundum gustum, felle et aceto potatus; secundum olfactum, in loco
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diff changeset
970 fetido cadaverum mortuorum, qui dicitur Calvariae, appensus
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diff changeset
971 patibulo; secundum auditum, lacessitus vocibus blasphemantium et
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diff changeset
972 irridentium; secundum visum, videns matrem et discipulum quem
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diff changeset
973 diligebat flentes.</p>
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diff changeset
974 <p title="III q. 46 a. 5 ad 1"><a name="48884"><span class=
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diff changeset
975 "ref">[48884] III&ordf; q. 46 a. 5 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
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diff changeset
976 dicendum quod verbum illud Hilarii est intelligendum quantum ad
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diff changeset
977 omnia genera passionum, non autem quantum ad omnes species.</p>
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diff changeset
978 <p title="III q. 46 a. 5 ad 2"><a name="48885"><span class=
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diff changeset
979 "ref">[48885] III&ordf; q. 46 a. 5 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
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diff changeset
980 dicendum quod similitudo ibi attenditur, non quantum ad numerum
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diff changeset
981 passionum et gratiarum, sed quantum ad magnitudinem utriusque, quia
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diff changeset
982 sicut sublimatus est in donis gratiarum super alios, ita deiectus
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diff changeset
983 est infra alios per ignominiam passionis.</p>
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diff changeset
984 <p title="III q. 46 a. 5 ad 3"><a name="48886"><span class=
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diff changeset
985 "ref">[48886] III&ordf; q. 46 a. 5 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
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diff changeset
986 dicendum quod, secundum sufficientiam, una minima passio Christi
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987 suffecit ad redimendum genus humanum ab omnibus peccatis. Sed
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diff changeset
988 secundum convenientiam, sufficiens fuit quod pateretur omnia genera
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diff changeset
989 passionum, sicut iam dictum est.</p>
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diff changeset
990 <br />
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diff changeset
991 <div class="E">Articulus 6</div>
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diff changeset
992 <p title="III q. 46 a. 6 arg. 1"><a name="48887"><span class=
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diff changeset
993 "ref">[48887] III&ordf; q. 46 a. 6 arg. 1</span></a> Ad sextum sic
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diff changeset
994 proceditur. Videtur quod dolor passionis Christi non fuerit maior
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diff changeset
995 omnibus aliis doloribus. Dolor enim patientis augetur secundum
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diff changeset
996 gravitatem et diuturnitatem passionis. Sed quidam martyres
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diff changeset
997 graviores passiones et diuturniores sustinuerunt quam Christus,
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998 sicut patet de Laurentio, qui est assatus in craticula; et de
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999 Vincentio, cuius carnes sunt ungulis ferreis laceratae. Ergo
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1000 videtur quod dolor Christi patientis non fuerit maximus.</p>
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diff changeset
1001 <p title="III q. 46 a. 6 arg. 2"><a name="48888"><span class=
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diff changeset
1002 "ref">[48888] III&ordf; q. 46 a. 6 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
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diff changeset
1003 virtus mentis est mitigativa doloris, in tantum quod Stoici
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diff changeset
1004 posuerunt <i>tristitiam in animo sapientis non cadere</i>. Et
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diff changeset
1005 Aristoteles posuit quod virtus moralis medium tenet in passionibus.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1006 Sed in Christo fuit perfectissima virtus mentis. Ergo videtur quod
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1007 in Christo fuerit minimus dolor.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1008 <p title="III q. 46 a. 6 arg. 3"><a name="48889"><span class=
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diff changeset
1009 "ref">[48889] III&ordf; q. 46 a. 6 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1010 quanto aliquod patiens est magis sensibile, tanto maior sequitur
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1011 dolor passionis. Sed anima est sensibilior quam corpus, cum corpus
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1012 sentiat ex anima. Adam etiam in statu innocentiae videtur corpus
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1013 sensibilius habuisse quam Christus, qui assumpsit corpus humanum
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diff changeset
1014 cum naturalibus defectibus. Ergo videtur quod dolor animae
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1015 patientis in Purgatorio vel in Inferno, vel etiam dolor Adae si
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diff changeset
1016 passus fuisset, maior fuisset quam dolor passionis Christi.</p>
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diff changeset
1017 <p title="III q. 46 a. 6 arg. 4"><a name="48890"><span class=
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diff changeset
1018 "ref">[48890] III&ordf; q. 46 a. 6 arg. 4</span></a> Praeterea,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1019 maioris boni amissio causat maiorem dolorem. Sed peccator peccando
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1020 amittit maius bonum quam Christus patiendo, quia vita gratiae est
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diff changeset
1021 melior quam vita naturae. Christus etiam, qui amisit vitam post
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1022 triduum resurrecturus, minus aliquid videtur amisisse quam illi qui
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1023 amittunt vitam permansuri in morte. Ergo videtur quod dolor Christi
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1024 non fuerit maximus dolor.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1025 <p title="III q. 46 a. 6 arg. 5"><a name="48891"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1026 "ref">[48891] III&ordf; q. 46 a. 6 arg. 5</span></a> Praeterea,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1027 innocentia patientis diminuit dolorem passionis. Sed Christus
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1028 innocenter est passus, secundum illud Ierem. XI, <i>ego autem quasi
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1029 agnus mansuetus qui portatur ad victimam</i>. Ergo videtur quod
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1030 dolor passionis Christi non fuerit maximus.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1031 <p title="III q. 46 a. 6 arg. 6"><a name="48892"><span class=
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diff changeset
1032 "ref">[48892] III&ordf; q. 46 a. 6 arg. 6</span></a> Praeterea, in
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1033 his quae Christi sunt, nihil fuit superfluum. Sed minimus dolor
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1034 Christi suffecisset ad finem salutis humanae, habuisset enim
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diff changeset
1035 infinitam virtutem ex persona divina. Ergo superfluum fuisset
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1036 assumere maximum dolorem.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1037 <p title="III q. 46 a. 6 s. c."><a name="48893"><span class=
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diff changeset
1038 "ref">[48893] III&ordf; q. 46 a. 6 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
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diff changeset
1039 quod habetur Thren. I ex persona Christi, <i>attendite, et videte
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1040 si est dolor sicut dolor meus</i>.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1041 <p title="III q. 46 a. 6 co."><a name="48894"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1042 "ref">[48894] III&ordf; q. 46 a. 6 co.</span></a> Respondeo
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diff changeset
1043 dicendum quod, sicut supra dictum est cum de defectibus assumptis a
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diff changeset
1044 Christo ageretur, in Christo patiente fuit verus dolor et
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diff changeset
1045 sensibilis, qui causatur ex corporali nocivo; et dolor interior,
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diff changeset
1046 qui causatur ex apprehensione alicuius nocivi, qui tristitia
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diff changeset
1047 dicitur. Uterque autem dolor in Christo fuit maximus inter dolores
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1048 praesentis vitae. Quod quidem contingit propter quatuor. Primo
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diff changeset
1049 quidem, propter causas doloris. Nam doloris sensibilis causa fuit
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1050 laesio corporalis. Quae acerbitatem habuit, tum propter
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1051 generalitatem passionis, de qua dictum est, tum etiam ex genere
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diff changeset
1052 passionis. Quia mors confixorum in cruce est acerbissima, quia
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diff changeset
1053 configuntur in locis nervosis et maxime sensibilibus, scilicet in
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diff changeset
1054 manibus et pedibus; et ipsum pondus corporis pendentis continue
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diff changeset
1055 auget dolorem; et cum hoc etiam est doloris diuturnitas, quia non
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1056 statim moriuntur, sicut hi qui sunt gladio interfecti. Doloris
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diff changeset
1057 autem interioris causa fuit, primo quidem, omnia peccata humani
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diff changeset
1058 generis, pro quibus satisfaciebat patiendo, unde ea quasi sibi
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diff changeset
1059 adscribit, dicens in Psalmo, <i>verba delictorum meorum</i>.
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diff changeset
1060 Secundo, specialiter casus Iudaeorum et aliorum in eius mortem
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diff changeset
1061 delinquentium, et praecipue discipulorum, qui scandalum passi
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diff changeset
1062 fuerant in Christi passione. Tertio etiam amissio vitae corporalis,
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diff changeset
1063 quae naturaliter est horribilis humanae naturae. Secundo potest
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diff changeset
1064 magnitudo considerari ex perceptibilitate patientis. Nam et
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diff changeset
1065 secundum corpus erat optime complexionatus, cum corpus eius fuerit
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diff changeset
1066 formatum miraculose operatione spiritus sancti, sicut et alia quae
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diff changeset
1067 per miracula facta sunt, sunt aliis potiora, ut Chrysostomus dicit
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diff changeset
1068 de vino in quod Christus aquam convertit in nuptiis. Et ideo in eo
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diff changeset
1069 maxime viguit sensus tactus, ex cuius perceptione sequitur dolor.
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diff changeset
1070 Anima etiam, secundum vires interiores, efficacissime apprehendit
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diff changeset
1071 omnes causas tristitiae. Tertio magnitudo doloris Christi patientis
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1072 potest considerari ex doloris puritate. Nam in aliis patientibus
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1073 mitigatur tristitia interior, et etiam dolor exterior, ex aliqua
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1074 consideratione rationis, per quandam derivationem seu redundantiam
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diff changeset
1075 a superioribus viribus ad inferiores. Quod in Christo patiente non
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diff changeset
1076 fuit, unicuique enim virium permisit agere quod est sibi proprium,
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diff changeset
1077 sicut Damascenus dicit. Quarto potest considerari magnitudo doloris
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diff changeset
1078 Christi patientis ex hoc quod passio illa et dolor a Christo
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diff changeset
1079 fuerunt assumpta voluntarie, propter finem liberationis hominum a
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diff changeset
1080 peccato. Et ideo tantam quantitatem doloris assumpsit quae esset
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diff changeset
1081 proportionata magnitudini fructus qui inde sequebatur. Ex his
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1082 igitur omnibus causis simul consideratis manifeste apparet quod
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1083 dolor Christi fuit maximus.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1084 <p title="III q. 46 a. 6 ad 1"><a name="48895"><span class=
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diff changeset
1085 "ref">[48895] III&ordf; q. 46 a. 6 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
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diff changeset
1086 dicendum quod ratio illa procedit ex uno tantum praedictorum,
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diff changeset
1087 scilicet ex laesione corporali, quae est causa sensibilis doloris.
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diff changeset
1088 Sed ex aliis causis multo magis dolor Christi patientis augetur, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1089 dictum est.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1090 <p title="III q. 46 a. 6 ad 2"><a name="48896"><span class=
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diff changeset
1091 "ref">[48896] III&ordf; q. 46 a. 6 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
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diff changeset
1092 dicendum quod virtus moralis aliter mitigat tristitiam interiorem,
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diff changeset
1093 et aliter exteriorem dolorem sensibilem. Tristitiam enim interiorem
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diff changeset
1094 diminuit directe, in ea medium constituendo sicut in propria
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1095 materia. Medium autem in passionibus virtus moralis constituit, ut
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diff changeset
1096 in secunda parte habitum est, non secundum quantitatem rei, sed
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1097 secundum quantitatem proportionis, ut scilicet passio non excedat
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diff changeset
1098 regulam rationis. Et quia Stoici reputabant quod nulla tristitia
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diff changeset
1099 esset ad aliquid utilis, ideo credebant quod totaliter a ratione
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diff changeset
1100 discordaret, et per consequens quod totaliter esset sapienti
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diff changeset
1101 vitanda. Sed secundum rei veritatem, tristitia aliqua laudabilis
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diff changeset
1102 est, ut Augustinus probat, in XIV de Civ. Dei, quando scilicet
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diff changeset
1103 procedit ex sancto amore, ut puta cum aliquis tristatur de peccatis
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diff changeset
1104 propriis vel alienis. Assumitur etiam ut utilis ad finem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1105 satisfactionis pro peccato, secundum illud II Cor. VII, <i>quae
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diff changeset
1106 secundum Deum est tristitia, poenitentiam in salutem stabilem
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diff changeset
1107 operatur</i>. Et ideo Christus, ut satisfaceret pro peccatis omnium
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diff changeset
1108 hominum, assumpsit tristitiam maximam quantitate absoluta, non
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diff changeset
1109 tamen excedentem regulam rationis. Dolorem autem exteriorem sensus
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diff changeset
1110 virtus moralis directe non minuit, quia talis dolor non obedit
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diff changeset
1111 rationi, sed sequitur corporis naturam. Diminuit tamen ipsum
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diff changeset
1112 indirecte per redundantiam a superioribus viribus in inferiores.
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diff changeset
1113 Quod in Christo non fuit, ut dictum est.</p>
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diff changeset
1114 <p title="III q. 46 a. 6 ad 3"><a name="48897"><span class=
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diff changeset
1115 "ref">[48897] III&ordf; q. 46 a. 6 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
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diff changeset
1116 dicendum quod dolor animae separatae patientis pertinet ad statum
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diff changeset
1117 futurae damnationis, qui excedit omne malum huius vitae, sicut
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diff changeset
1118 sanctorum gloria excedit omne bonum praesentis vitae. Unde, cum
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diff changeset
1119 diximus Christi dolorem esse maximum, non comparamus ipsum dolori
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diff changeset
1120 animae separatae. Corpus autem Adae pati non poterat, nisi peccaret
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diff changeset
1121 et sic fieret mortale et passibile. Et minus doleret patiens quam
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diff changeset
1122 corpus Christi, propter rationes praedictas. Ex quibus etiam
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diff changeset
1123 apparet quod etiam si, per impossibile, ponatur quod Adam in statu
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diff changeset
1124 innocentiae passus fuisset, minor fuisset eius dolor quam
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diff changeset
1125 Christi.</p>
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diff changeset
1126 <p title="III q. 46 a. 6 ad 4"><a name="48898"><span class=
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diff changeset
1127 "ref">[48898] III&ordf; q. 46 a. 6 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
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diff changeset
1128 dicendum quod Christus non solum doluit pro amissione vitae
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1129 corporalis propriae, sed etiam pro peccatis omnium aliorum. Qui
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diff changeset
1130 dolor in Christo excessit omnem dolorem cuiuslibet contriti. Tum
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diff changeset
1131 quia ex maiori sapientia et caritate processit, ex quibus dolor
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1132 contritionis augetur. Tum etiam quia pro omnium peccatis simul
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1133 doluit, secundum illud Isaiae LIII, <i>vere dolores nostros ipse
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diff changeset
1134 tulit</i>. Vita autem corporalis Christi fuit tantae dignitatis, et
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diff changeset
1135 praecipue propter divinitatem unitam, quod de eius amissione etiam
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diff changeset
1136 ad horam, magis esset dolendum quam de amissione alterius hominis
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diff changeset
1137 per quantumcumque tempus. Unde et philosophus dicit, in III Ethic.,
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diff changeset
1138 quod virtuosus plus diligit vitam suam quanto scit eam esse
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diff changeset
1139 meliorem, et tamen eam exponit propter bonum virtutis. Et similiter
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diff changeset
1140 Christus vitam suam maxime dilectam exposuit propter bonum
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diff changeset
1141 caritatis, secundum illud Ierem. XII, <i>dedi dilectam animam meam
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diff changeset
1142 in manibus inimicorum eius</i>.</p>
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diff changeset
1143 <p title="III q. 46 a. 6 ad 5"><a name="48899"><span class=
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diff changeset
1144 "ref">[48899] III&ordf; q. 46 a. 6 ad 5</span></a> Ad quintum
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diff changeset
1145 dicendum quod innocentia patientis minuit dolorem passionis quantum
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diff changeset
1146 ad numerum, quia, dum nocens patitur, dolet non solum de poena, sed
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diff changeset
1147 etiam de culpa; innocens autem solum de poena. Qui tamen dolor in
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diff changeset
1148 eo augetur ex innocentia, inquantum apprehendit nocumentum illatum
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diff changeset
1149 ut magis indebitum. Unde etiam et alii magis sunt reprehensibiles
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diff changeset
1150 si eis non compatiuntur, secundum illud Isaiae LVII, <i>iustus
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diff changeset
1151 autem perit, et non est qui recogitet in corde suo</i>.</p>
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diff changeset
1152 <p title="III q. 46 a. 6 ad 6"><a name="48900"><span class=
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diff changeset
1153 "ref">[48900] III&ordf; q. 46 a. 6 ad 6</span></a> Ad sextum
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diff changeset
1154 dicendum quod Christus voluit genus humanum a peccatis liberare,
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diff changeset
1155 non sola potestate, sed etiam iustitia. Et ideo non solum attendit
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diff changeset
1156 quantam virtutem dolor eius haberet ex divinitate unita, sed etiam
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1157 quantum dolor eius sufficeret secundum naturam humanam, ad tantam
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1158 satisfactionem.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1159 <br />
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1160 <div class="E">Articulus 7</div>
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diff changeset
1161 <p title="III q. 46 a. 7 arg. 1"><a name="48901"><span class=
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diff changeset
1162 "ref">[48901] III&ordf; q. 46 a. 7 arg. 1</span></a> Ad septimum
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diff changeset
1163 sic proceditur. Videtur quod Christus non fuerit passus secundum
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diff changeset
1164 totam animam. Anima enim patitur, patiente corpore, per accidens,
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diff changeset
1165 inquantum est corporis actus. Sed anima non est actus corporis
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diff changeset
1166 secundum quamlibet partem eius, nam intellectus nullius corporis
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diff changeset
1167 actus est, ut dicitur in III de anima. Ergo videtur quod Christus
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diff changeset
1168 non fuerit passus secundum totam animam.</p>
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diff changeset
1169 <p title="III q. 46 a. 7 arg. 2"><a name="48902"><span class=
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diff changeset
1170 "ref">[48902] III&ordf; q. 46 a. 7 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
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diff changeset
1171 quaelibet potentia animae patitur a suo obiecto. Sed superioris
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diff changeset
1172 partis rationis obiectum sunt rationes aeternae, quibus
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diff changeset
1173 inspiciendis et consulendis intendit, ut Augustinus dicit, XII de
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diff changeset
1174 Trin. Ex rationibus autem aeternis nullum potuit Christus pati
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1175 nocumentum, cum in nullo ei contrariarentur. Ergo videtur quod non
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1176 fuerit passus secundum totam animam.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1177 <p title="III q. 46 a. 7 arg. 3"><a name="48903"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1178 "ref">[48903] III&ordf; q. 46 a. 7 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1179 quando passio sensibilis usque ad rationem pertingit, tunc dicitur
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1180 completa passio. Quae in Christo non fuit, ut Hieronymus dicit, sed
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1181 solum propassio. Unde et Dionysius dicit, in epistola ad Ioannem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1182 Evangelistam, quod <i>passiones sibi illatas patiebatur secundum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1183 iudicare solum</i>. Non ergo videtur quod Christus secundum totam
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1184 animam pateretur.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1185 <p title="III q. 46 a. 7 arg. 4"><a name="48904"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1186 "ref">[48904] III&ordf; q. 46 a. 7 arg. 4</span></a> Praeterea,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1187 passio dolorem causat. Sed in intellectu speculativo non est dolor,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1188 quia <i>delectationi quae est ab eo quod est considerare, nulla
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1189 tristitia opponitur</i>, ut philosophus dicit, I Topic. Ergo
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diff changeset
1190 videtur quod Christus non pateretur secundum totam animam.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1191 <p title="III q. 46 a. 7 s. c."><a name="48905"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1192 "ref">[48905] III&ordf; q. 46 a. 7 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1193 quod in Psalmo dicitur, ex persona Christi, <i>repleta est malis
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diff changeset
1194 anima mea</i>, Glossa, <i>non vitiis, sed doloribus, quibus anima
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1195 carni compatitur, vel malis, scilicet pereuntis populi,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1196 compatiendo</i>. Non autem fuisset anima eius his malis repleta, si
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diff changeset
1197 non secundum totam animam passus esset. Ergo Christus secundum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1198 totam animam passus est.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1199 <p title="III q. 46 a. 7 co."><a name="48906"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1200 "ref">[48906] III&ordf; q. 46 a. 7 co.</span></a> Respondeo
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1201 dicendum quod totum dicitur respectu partium. Partes autem animae
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1202 dicuntur potentiae eius. Sic ergo dicitur anima tota pati,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1203 inquantum patitur secundum suam essentiam, vel inquantum secundum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1204 omnes suas potentias patitur. Sed considerandum est quod aliqua
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1205 potentia animae potest pati dupliciter. Uno modo, passione propria,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1206 quae quidem est secundum quod patitur a suo obiecto, sicut si visus
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1207 patiatur ex superabundantia visibilis. Alio modo patitur aliqua
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1208 potentia passione subiecti super quod fundatur, sicut visus patitur
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1209 patiente sensu tactus in oculo, super quem fundatur visus; puta cum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1210 oculus pungitur, aut etiam distemperatur per calorem. Sic igitur
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1211 dicendum quod, si intelligamus totam animam ratione suae essentiae,
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diff changeset
1212 sic manifestum est totam animam Christi passam esse. Nam tota
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1213 essentia animae coniungitur corpori ita quod <i>tota est in toto,
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diff changeset
1214 et tota in qualibet parte eius</i>. Et ideo, corpore patiente et
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1215 disposito ad separationem ab anima, tota anima patiebatur. Si vero
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1216 intelligamus totam animam secundum omnes potentias eius, sic,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1217 loquendo de passionibus propriis potentiarum, patiebatur quidem
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diff changeset
1218 secundum omnes vires inferiores, quia in singulis viribus
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diff changeset
1219 inferioribus animae, quae circa temporalia operantur, inveniebatur
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diff changeset
1220 aliquid quod erat causa doloris Christi, sicut ex supra dictis
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diff changeset
1221 patet. Sed secundum hoc superior ratio non patiebatur in Christo ex
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diff changeset
1222 parte sui obiecti, scilicet Dei, qui non erat animae Christi causa
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diff changeset
1223 doloris, sed delectationis et gaudii. Secundum autem illum modum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1224 passionis quo potentia aliqua dicitur pati ex parte sui subiecti,
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diff changeset
1225 sic omnes potentiae animae Christi patiebantur. Omnes enim
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diff changeset
1226 potentiae animae Christi radicantur in essentia eius, ad quam
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diff changeset
1227 perveniebat passio, passo corpore, cuius est actus.</p>
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diff changeset
1228 <p title="III q. 46 a. 7 ad 1"><a name="48907"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1229 "ref">[48907] III&ordf; q. 46 a. 7 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1230 dicendum quod, licet intellectus, secundum quod est potentia
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diff changeset
1231 quaedam, non sit corporis actus; essentia tamen animae est corporis
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1232 actus, in qua radicatur potentia intellectiva, ut in prima parte
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diff changeset
1233 habitum est.</p>
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diff changeset
1234 <p title="III q. 46 a. 7 ad 2"><a name="48908"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1235 "ref">[48908] III&ordf; q. 46 a. 7 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1236 dicendum quod illa ratio procedit de passione quae est ex parte
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diff changeset
1237 proprii obiecti, secundum quam superior ratio in Christo passa non
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diff changeset
1238 fuit.</p>
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diff changeset
1239 <p title="III q. 46 a. 7 ad 3"><a name="48909"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1240 "ref">[48909] III&ordf; q. 46 a. 7 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1241 dicendum quod dolor tunc dicitur esse passio perfecta, per quam
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1242 anima perturbatur, quando passio sensitivae partis pertingit usque
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1243 ad immutandam rationem a rectitudine sui actus, ut scilicet
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diff changeset
1244 sequatur passionem, et non habeat liberum arbitrium super eam. Sic
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diff changeset
1245 autem passio sensitivae partis non pervenit in Christo usque ad
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1246 rationem, sed ex parte subiecti, ut dictum est.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1247 <p title="III q. 46 a. 7 ad 4"><a name="48910"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1248 "ref">[48910] III&ordf; q. 46 a. 7 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1249 dicendum quod intellectus speculativus non potest habere dolorem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1250 vel tristitiam ex parte sui obiecti, quod est verum absolute
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1251 consideratum, quod est perfectio eius. Potest tamen ad ipsum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1252 pertinere dolor, vel causa doloris, per modum iam dictum.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1253 <br />
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1254 <div class="E">Articulus 8</div>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1255 <p title="III q. 46 a. 8 arg. 1"><a name="48911"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1256 "ref">[48911] III&ordf; q. 46 a. 8 arg. 1</span></a> Ad octavum sic
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1257 proceditur. Videtur quod anima Christi, in articulo illius
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1258 passionis, non tota frueretur fruitione beata. Impossibile est enim
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1259 simul dolere et gaudere, cum dolor et gaudium sint contraria. Sed
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1260 anima Christi tota patiebatur dolorem in tempore passionis, ut
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1261 supra habitum est. Non ergo poterat esse ut tota frueretur.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1262 <p title="III q. 46 a. 8 arg. 2"><a name="48912"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1263 "ref">[48912] III&ordf; q. 46 a. 8 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1264 philosophus dicit, in VII Ethic., quod tristitia, si sit vehemens,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1265 non solum impedit delectationem contrariam, sed quamcumque, et e
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1266 converso. Dolor autem passionis Christi fuit maximus, ut ostensum
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diff changeset
1267 est, et similiter delectatio fruitionis est maxima, ut in primo
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1268 secundae partis habitum est. Non ergo potuit esse quod anima
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1269 Christi tota simul pateretur et frueretur.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1270 <p title="III q. 46 a. 8 arg. 3"><a name="48913"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1271 "ref">[48913] III&ordf; q. 46 a. 8 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
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diff changeset
1272 fruitio beata est secundum cognitionem et amorem divinorum, ut
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diff changeset
1273 patet per Augustinum, in I de Doct. Christ. Sed non omnes vires
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1274 animae attingunt ad cognoscendum et amandum Deum. Non ergo tota
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1275 anima Christi fruebatur.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1276 <p title="III q. 46 a. 8 s. c."><a name="48914"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1277 "ref">[48914] III&ordf; q. 46 a. 8 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1278 quod Damascenus dicit, in III libro, quod <i>divinitas Christi
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1279 permisit carni agere et pati quae propria</i>. Ergo, pari ratione,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1280 cum proprium esset animae Christi, inquantum erat beata, quod
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diff changeset
1281 frueretur, passio eius fruitionem non impediebat.</p>
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diff changeset
1282 <p title="III q. 46 a. 8 co."><a name="48915"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1283 "ref">[48915] III&ordf; q. 46 a. 8 co.</span></a> Respondeo
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diff changeset
1284 dicendum quod, sicut dictum est prius, tota anima potest intelligi
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1285 et secundum essentiam, et secundum omnes eius potentias. Si autem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1286 intelligatur secundum essentiam, sic tota anima fruebatur,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1287 inquantum est subiectum superioris partis animae, cuius est frui
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1288 divinitate, ut, sicut passio ratione essentiae attribuitur
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1289 superiori parti animae, ita e converso fruitio ratione superioris
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1290 partis animae attribuatur essentiae. Si vero accipiamus totam
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1291 animam ratione omnium potentiarum eius, sic non tota anima
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1292 fruebatur, nec directe quidem, quia fruitio non potest esse actus
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1293 cuiuslibet partis animae; nec per redundantiam, quia, dum Christus
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1294 erat viator, non fiebat redundantia gloriae a superiori parte in
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1295 inferiorem, nec ab anima in corpus. Sed quia nec e converso
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1296 superior pars animae non impediebatur circa id quod est sibi
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1297 proprium, per inferiorem, consequens est quod superior pars animae
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diff changeset
1298 perfecte fruebatur, Christo patiente.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1299 <p title="III q. 46 a. 8 ad 1"><a name="48916"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1300 "ref">[48916] III&ordf; q. 46 a. 8 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1301 dicendum quod gaudium fruitionis non contrariatur directe dolori
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1302 passionis, quia non sunt de eodem. Nihil enim prohibet contraria
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diff changeset
1303 eidem inesse non secundum idem. Et sic gaudium fruitionis potest
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diff changeset
1304 pertinere ad superiorem partem rationis per proprium actum, dolor
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diff changeset
1305 autem passionis secundum suum subiectum. Ad essentiam vero animae
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diff changeset
1306 pertinet dolor passionis ex parte corporis, cuius est forma,
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diff changeset
1307 gaudium vero fruitionis ex parte potentiae, cui subiicitur.</p>
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diff changeset
1308 <p title="III q. 46 a. 8 ad 2"><a name="48917"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1309 "ref">[48917] III&ordf; q. 46 a. 8 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1310 dicendum quod verbum illud philosophi habet veritatem ratione
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1311 redundantiae quae naturaliter fit ab una potentia animae in aliam.
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diff changeset
1312 Sed hoc in Christo non fuit, ut supra dictum est.</p>
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diff changeset
1313 <p title="III q. 46 a. 8 ad 3"><a name="48918"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1314 "ref">[48918] III&ordf; q. 46 a. 8 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1315 dicendum quod ratio illa procedit de totalitate animae quantum ad
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1316 eius potentias.</p>
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diff changeset
1317 <br />
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1318 <div class="E">Articulus 9</div>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1319 <p title="III q. 46 a. 9 arg. 1"><a name="48919"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1320 "ref">[48919] III&ordf; q. 46 a. 9 arg. 1</span></a> Ad nonum sic
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1321 proceditur. Videtur quod Christus non fuerit convenienti tempore
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1322 passus. Passio enim Christi figurabatur per immolationem agni
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1323 paschalis, unde et apostolus dicit, I Cor. V, <i>Pascha nostrum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1324 immolatus est Christus</i>. Sed agnus paschalis immolabatur
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diff changeset
1325 quartadecima die ad vesperam, ut dicitur Exod. XII. Ergo videtur
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1326 quod Christus tunc debuerit pati. Quod patet esse falsum, nam tunc
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diff changeset
1327 Pascha cum suis discipulis celebravit, secundum illud Marc. XIV,
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diff changeset
1328 <i>prima die azymorum, quando Pascha immolabant</i>; sequenti autem
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diff changeset
1329 die passus fuit.</p>
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diff changeset
1330 <p title="III q. 46 a. 9 arg. 2"><a name="48920"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1331 "ref">[48920] III&ordf; q. 46 a. 9 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
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diff changeset
1332 passio Christi dicitur eius exaltatio, secundum illud Ioan. III,
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diff changeset
1333 <i>oportet exaltari filium hominis</i>. Ipse autem Christus dicitur
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1334 sol iustitiae, ut patet Malach. ultimo. Ergo videtur quod debuit
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1335 pati hora sexta, quando sol est in maxima sua exaltatione. Cuius
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1336 contrarium videtur per id quod dicitur Marc. XV, <i>erat autem hora
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1337 tertia, et crucifixerunt eum</i>.</p>
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diff changeset
1338 <p title="III q. 46 a. 9 arg. 3"><a name="48921"><span class=
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diff changeset
1339 "ref">[48921] III&ordf; q. 46 a. 9 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
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diff changeset
1340 sicut sol in hora sexta maxime exaltatur quolibet die, ita in
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diff changeset
1341 solstitio aestivali maxime exaltatur quolibet anno. Debuit ergo
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diff changeset
1342 Christus magis pati circa tempus solstitii aestivalis, quam circa
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diff changeset
1343 tempus aequinoctii vernalis.</p>
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diff changeset
1344 <p title="III q. 46 a. 9 arg. 4"><a name="48922"><span class=
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diff changeset
1345 "ref">[48922] III&ordf; q. 46 a. 9 arg. 4</span></a> Praeterea, per
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diff changeset
1346 praesentiam Christi in mundo mundus illuminabatur, secundum illud
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diff changeset
1347 Ioan. IX, <i>quandiu sum in mundo, lux mundi sum</i>. Conveniens
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diff changeset
1348 igitur fuisset humanae saluti ut diutius in hoc mundo vixisset, ita
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diff changeset
1349 quod non pateretur in iuvenili aetate, sed magis in senili.</p>
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diff changeset
1350 <p title="III q. 46 a. 9 s. c."><a name="48923"><span class=
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diff changeset
1351 "ref">[48923] III&ordf; q. 46 a. 9 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
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diff changeset
1352 quod dicitur Ioan. XIII, <i>sciens Iesus quod venit hora eius ut
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diff changeset
1353 transeat de hoc mundo ad patrem</i>. Et Ioan. II dicit, <i>nondum
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diff changeset
1354 venit hora mea</i>. Ubi dicit Augustinus, <i>ubi tantum fecit
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diff changeset
1355 quantum sufficere iudicavit, venit hora eius, non necessitatis, sed
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diff changeset
1356 voluntatis; non conditionis, sed potestatis</i>. Convenienti igitur
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diff changeset
1357 tempore passus est.</p>
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diff changeset
1358 <p title="III q. 46 a. 9 co."><a name="48924"><span class=
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diff changeset
1359 "ref">[48924] III&ordf; q. 46 a. 9 co.</span></a> Respondeo
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diff changeset
1360 dicendum quod, sicut supra dictum est, passio Christi subiecta erat
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diff changeset
1361 eius voluntati. Voluntas autem eius regebatur divina sapientia,
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diff changeset
1362 quae omnia convenienter et suaviter disponit, ut dicitur Sap. VIII.
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diff changeset
1363 Et ideo dicendum est quod convenienti tempore passio Christi
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diff changeset
1364 celebrata est. Unde et in libro quaest. Nov. et Vet. Test.,
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diff changeset
1365 dicitur, <i>omnia propriis locis et temporibus gessit
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diff changeset
1366 salvator</i>.</p>
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diff changeset
1367 <p title="III q. 46 a. 9 ad 1"><a name="48925"><span class=
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diff changeset
1368 "ref">[48925] III&ordf; q. 46 a. 9 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
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diff changeset
1369 dicendum quod quidam dicunt Christum fuisse passum quartadecima
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diff changeset
1370 luna, quando Iudaei Pascha immolabant. Unde et Ioan. XVIII dicitur
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diff changeset
1371 quod Iudaei non introierunt in praetorium Pilati ipso die
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diff changeset
1372 passionis, ut non contaminarentur, sed ut manducarent Pascha. Ubi
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diff changeset
1373 Chrysostomus dicit quod <i>tunc Iudaei faciebant Pascha, ipse vero
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diff changeset
1374 ante unam diem celebravit Pascha, reservans suam occisionem sextae
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diff changeset
1375 feriae, quando vetus Pascha fiebat</i>. Cui videtur consonare quod
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diff changeset
1376 dicitur Ioan. XIII, quod <i>ante diem festum Paschae, Christus,
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diff changeset
1377 facta cena, pedes discipulorum lavit</i>. Sed contra hoc videtur
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diff changeset
1378 esse quod dicitur Matth. XXVI, quod <i>prima die azymorum
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diff changeset
1379 accesserunt discipuli ad Iesum dicentes, ubi vis paremus tibi
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diff changeset
1380 comedere Pascha? Ex quo patet, cum primus dies azymorum dicatur
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diff changeset
1381 quartusdecimus dies mensis primi, quando agnus immolabatur et luna
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diff changeset
1382 plenissima est</i>, ut Hieronymus dicit, quartadecima luna Christum
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diff changeset
1383 cenam fecisse, et quintadecima eum passum fuisse. Et hoc expressius
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diff changeset
1384 manifestatur per id quod dicitur Marc. XIV, <i>primo die azymorum,
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diff changeset
1385 quando Pascha immolabant</i>, etc.; et Luc. XXII, <i>venit dies
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diff changeset
1386 azymorum, in quo necesse erat occidi Pascha</i>. Et ideo quidam
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diff changeset
1387 dicunt quod Christus die convenienti, idest quartadecima luna,
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diff changeset
1388 Pascha cum discipulis suis manducavit, <i>demonstrans quod usque ad
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diff changeset
1389 ultimum diem non erat contrarius legi</i>, ut Chrysostomus dicit,
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diff changeset
1390 super Matth., sed Iudaei, occupati circa procurationem mortis
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diff changeset
1391 Christi, contra legem celebrationem Paschae in crastinum
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diff changeset
1392 distulerunt. Et propter hoc de his dicitur quod in die passionis
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diff changeset
1393 Christi noluerunt intrare praetorium, <i>ut non contaminarentur,
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diff changeset
1394 sed manducarent Pascha</i>. Sed nec illud videtur esse consonum
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diff changeset
1395 verbis Marci dicentis, <i>primo die azymorum, quando Pascha
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diff changeset
1396 immolabant</i>. Simul ergo Christus et Iudaei vetus Pascha
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diff changeset
1397 celebraverunt. Et, sicut Beda dicit, super Marc., <i>licet
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diff changeset
1398 Christus, qui est Pascha nostrum, sit crucifixus sequenti die, hoc
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diff changeset
1399 est quintadecima luna; attamen nocte qua agnus immolabatur,
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diff changeset
1400 corporis sanguinisque sui discipulis tradens mysteria celebranda,
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diff changeset
1401 et a Iudaeis tentus et alligatus, ipsius immolationis, hoc est
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diff changeset
1402 passionis suae, sacravit exordium</i>. Cum autem dicitur, Ioan.
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diff changeset
1403 XIII, ante diem festum Paschae, intelligitur hoc fuisse
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diff changeset
1404 quartadecima luna, quod tunc evenit feria quinta, nam, luna
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diff changeset
1405 existente quintadecima, erat dies solemnissimus Paschae apud
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diff changeset
1406 Iudaeos. Et sic eundem diem quem Ioannes nominat ante diem festum
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diff changeset
1407 Paschae, propter distinctionem naturalem dierum, Matthaeus nominat
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diff changeset
1408 primam diem azymorum, quia, secundum ritum Iudaicae festivitatis,
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diff changeset
1409 solemnitas incipiebat a vespera praecedentis diei. Quod autem
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diff changeset
1410 dicitur eos comesturos esse Pascha in quintadecima luna,
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diff changeset
1411 intelligendum est quod ibi Pascha non dicitur agnus paschalis, qui
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diff changeset
1412 immolatus fuerat decimaquarta luna, sed dicitur cibus paschalis,
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diff changeset
1413 idest azymi panes, quos oportebat comedi a mundis. Unde
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diff changeset
1414 Chrysostomus ibi aliam expositionem ponit, quod Pascha potest
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diff changeset
1415 accipi pro toto festo Iudaeorum, quod septem diebus agebatur.</p>
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diff changeset
1416 <p title="III q. 46 a. 9 ad 2"><a name="48926"><span class=
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diff changeset
1417 "ref">[48926] III&ordf; q. 46 a. 9 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
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diff changeset
1418 dicendum quod, sicut Augustinus dicit, in libro de consensu Evang.,
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diff changeset
1419 <i>hora erat quasi sexta, cum traditus esset dominus crucifigendus
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diff changeset
1420 a Pilato, ut Ioannes dicit, non enim erat plena sexta, sed quasi
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diff changeset
1421 sexta, idest, peracta quinta, et aliquid de sexta esse coeperat,
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diff changeset
1422 donec, completa sexta, Christo pendente in cruce, tenebrae fierent.
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diff changeset
1423 Intelligitur autem fuisse hora tertia cum clamaverunt Iudaei ut
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diff changeset
1424 dominus crucifigeretur, et veracissime demonstratur tunc eos
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diff changeset
1425 crucifixisse quando clamaverunt. Ergo, ne quisquam cogitationem
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diff changeset
1426 tanti criminis a Iudaeis aversus in milites converteret, erat,
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diff changeset
1427 inquit, hora tertia, et crucifixerunt eum, ut illi potius eum
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diff changeset
1428 crucifixisse inveniantur qui hora tertia ut crucifigeretur
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diff changeset
1429 clamaverunt. Quanquam non desint qui parasceve, quam Ioannes
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diff changeset
1430 commemorat, dicens, erat autem parasceve hora quasi sexta, horam
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diff changeset
1431 diei tertiam velint intelligi. Parasceve quippe interpretatur
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diff changeset
1432 praeparatio. Verum autem Pascha, quod in passione domini
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diff changeset
1433 celebratur, incoepit praeparari ab hora noctis nona, quando
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diff changeset
1434 scilicet omnes principes sacerdotum dixerunt, reus est mortis. Ab
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diff changeset
1435 illa ergo hora noctis usque ad Christi crucifixionem occurrit hora
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diff changeset
1436 parasceve sexta, secundum Ioannem; et hora diei tertia, secundum
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diff changeset
1437 Marcum</i>. Quidam tamen dicunt quod haec diversitas ex peccato
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diff changeset
1438 scriptoris contingit apud Graecos, nam figurae quibus tria et sex
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diff changeset
1439 repraesentantur, satis sunt propinquae apud eos.</p>
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diff changeset
1440 <p title="III q. 46 a. 9 ad 3"><a name="48927"><span class=
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diff changeset
1441 "ref">[48927] III&ordf; q. 46 a. 9 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
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diff changeset
1442 dicendum quod, sicut dicitur in libro de quaest. Nov. et Vet.
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diff changeset
1443 Test., <i>tunc voluit dominus passione sua mundum redimere et
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diff changeset
1444 reformare, quando eum creaverat, idest in aequinoctio. Et tunc dies
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diff changeset
1445 super noctem increscit, quia per passionem salvatoris a tenebris ad
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diff changeset
1446 lucem perducimur</i>. Et quia perfecta illuminatio erit in secundo
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diff changeset
1447 adventu Christi, ideo tempus secundi adventus aestati comparatur,
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diff changeset
1448 Matth. XXIV, ubi dicitur, <i>cum ramus eius iam tener fuerit et
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diff changeset
1449 folia nata, scitis quia prope est aestas. Ita et vos, cum videritis
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diff changeset
1450 haec omnia, scitote quia prope est et in ianuis</i>. Et tunc etiam
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diff changeset
1451 erit maxima Christi exaltatio.</p>
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diff changeset
1452 <p title="III q. 46 a. 9 ad 4"><a name="48928"><span class=
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diff changeset
1453 "ref">[48928] III&ordf; q. 46 a. 9 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
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diff changeset
1454 dicendum quod Christus in iuvenili aetate pati voluit propter tria.
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diff changeset
1455 Primo quidem, ut ex hoc magis suam dilectionem commendaret, quod
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diff changeset
1456 vitam suam pro nobis dedit quando erat in perfectissimo statu.
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diff changeset
1457 Secundo, quia non conveniebat ut in eo appareret naturae diminutio,
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diff changeset
1458 sicut nec morbus, ut supra dictum est. Tertio ut, in iuvenili
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diff changeset
1459 aetate moriens et resurgens, futuram resurgentium qualitatem in
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diff changeset
1460 seipso Christus praemonstraret. Unde dicitur Ephes. IV, <i>donec
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diff changeset
1461 occurramus omnes in unitatem fidei et agnitionis filii Dei, in
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diff changeset
1462 virum perfectum, in mensuram aetatis plenitudinis Christi</i>.</p>
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diff changeset
1463 <br />
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diff changeset
1464 <div class="E">Articulus 10</div>
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diff changeset
1465 <p title="III q. 46 a. 10 arg. 1"><a name="48929"><span class=
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diff changeset
1466 "ref">[48929] III&ordf; q. 46 a. 10 arg. 1</span></a> Ad decimum
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diff changeset
1467 sic proceditur. Videtur quod non convenienti loco Christus passus
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diff changeset
1468 fuerit. Christus enim passus est secundum carnem humanam, quae
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diff changeset
1469 quidem concepta fuit ex virgine in Nazareth, et nata in Bethlehem.
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diff changeset
1470 Ergo videtur quod non in Ierusalem, sed in Nazareth vel in
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diff changeset
1471 Bethlehem pati debuerit.</p>
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diff changeset
1472 <p title="III q. 46 a. 10 arg. 2"><a name="48930"><span class=
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diff changeset
1473 "ref">[48930] III&ordf; q. 46 a. 10 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
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diff changeset
1474 veritas debet respondere figurae. Sed passio Christi figurabatur
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diff changeset
1475 per sacrificia veteris legis. Sed huiusmodi sacrificia offerebantur
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diff changeset
1476 in templo. Ergo et Christus in templo pati debuit, et non extra
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diff changeset
1477 portam civitatis.</p>
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diff changeset
1478 <p title="III q. 46 a. 10 arg. 3"><a name="48931"><span class=
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diff changeset
1479 "ref">[48931] III&ordf; q. 46 a. 10 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
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diff changeset
1480 medicina debet morbo respondere. Sed passio Christi fuit medicina
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diff changeset
1481 contra peccatum Adae. Adam autem non fuit sepultus in Ierusalem,
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diff changeset
1482 sed in Hebron, dicitur enim Iosue XIV, <i>nomen Hebron antea
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diff changeset
1483 vocabatur Cariath Arbe, Adam maximus ibi in terra Enacim situs
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1484 erat</i>.</p>
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diff changeset
1485 <p title="III q. 46 a. 10 s. c."><a name="48932"><span class=
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diff changeset
1486 "ref">[48932] III&ordf; q. 46 a. 10 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
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diff changeset
1487 quod dicitur Luc. XIII, <i>non capit prophetam perire extra
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diff changeset
1488 Ierusalem</i>. Convenienter igitur in Ierusalem passus est.</p>
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diff changeset
1489 <p title="III q. 46 a. 10 co."><a name="48933"><span class=
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diff changeset
1490 "ref">[48933] III&ordf; q. 46 a. 10 co.</span></a> Respondeo
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diff changeset
1491 dicendum quod, sicut dicitur in libro octoginta trium quaest.,
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diff changeset
1492 <i>omnia propriis locis et temporibus gessit salvator</i>, quia,
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diff changeset
1493 sicut omnia sunt in manu eius, ita etiam omnia loca. Et ideo, sicut
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diff changeset
1494 convenienti tempore Christus passus est, ita etiam convenienti
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diff changeset
1495 loco.</p>
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diff changeset
1496 <p title="III q. 46 a. 10 ad 1"><a name="48934"><span class=
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diff changeset
1497 "ref">[48934] III&ordf; q. 46 a. 10 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
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diff changeset
1498 dicendum quod Christus convenientissime in Ierusalem passus est.
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diff changeset
1499 Primo quidem, quia Ierusalem erat locus a Deo electus ad sacrificia
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diff changeset
1500 sibi offerenda. Quae quidem figuralia sacrificia figurabant Christi
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diff changeset
1501 passionem, quod est verum sacrificium, secundum illud Ephes. V,
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diff changeset
1502 <i>tradidit semetipsum hostiam et oblationem in odorem
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diff changeset
1503 suavitatis</i>. Unde Beda dicit, in quadam homilia, quod
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diff changeset
1504 <i>appropinquante hora passionis, dominus appropinquare voluit loco
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diff changeset
1505 passionis</i>, scilicet in Ierusalem, quo pervenit ante quinque
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diff changeset
1506 dies Paschae, sicut agnus paschalis ante quinque dies Paschae,
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diff changeset
1507 idest decima luna, secundum praeceptum legis, ad locum immolationis
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diff changeset
1508 ducebatur. Secundo, quia virtus passionis eius ad totum mundum
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diff changeset
1509 diffundenda erat, in medio terrae habitabilis pati voluit, idest in
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diff changeset
1510 Ierusalem. Unde dicitur in Psalmo, <i>Deus autem, rex noster ante
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diff changeset
1511 saecula, operatus est salutem in medio terrae</i>, idest in
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diff changeset
1512 Ierusalem, quae dicitur esse terrae umbilicus. Tertio, quia hoc
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diff changeset
1513 maxime conveniebat humilitati eius, ut scilicet, sicut turpissimum
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diff changeset
1514 genus mortis elegit, ita etiam ad eius humilitatem pertinuit quod
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diff changeset
1515 in loco tam celebri confusionem pati non recusavit. Unde Leo Papa
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diff changeset
1516 dicit, in sermone quodam Epiphaniae, <i>qui servi susceperat
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diff changeset
1517 formam, Bethlehem praeelegit nativitati, Ierusalem passioni</i>.
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diff changeset
1518 Quarto, ut ostenderet a principibus populi exortam esse iniquitatem
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diff changeset
1519 occidentium ipsum. Et ideo in Ierusalem, ubi principes morabantur,
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diff changeset
1520 voluit pati. Unde dicitur Act. IV, <i>convenerunt in ista civitate
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diff changeset
1521 adversus puerum sanctum tuum Iesum, quem unxisti, Herodes et
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diff changeset
1522 Pontius Pilatus, cum gentibus et populis Israel</i>.</p>
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diff changeset
1523 <p title="III q. 46 a. 10 ad 2"><a name="48935"><span class=
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diff changeset
1524 "ref">[48935] III&ordf; q. 46 a. 10 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
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diff changeset
1525 dicendum quod Christus non in templo aut in civitate, sed extra
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diff changeset
1526 portam passus est, propter tria. Primo quidem, ut veritas
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diff changeset
1527 responderet figurae. Nam vitulus et hircus, qui solemnissimo
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diff changeset
1528 sacrificio ad expiationem totius multitudinis offerebantur, extra
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diff changeset
1529 castra comburebantur, ut praecipitur Levit. XVI. Unde dicitur Heb.
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diff changeset
1530 XIII, <i>quorum animalium infertur sanguis pro peccato in sancta
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diff changeset
1531 per pontificem, horum corpora cremantur extra castra. Propter quod
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diff changeset
1532 et Iesus, ut sanctificaret suum populum, extra portam passus
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diff changeset
1533 est</i>. Secundo, ut per hoc daret exemplum nobis exeundi a mundana
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diff changeset
1534 conversatione. Unde ibidem subditur, <i>exeamus igitur ad eum extra
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diff changeset
1535 castra, improperium eius portantes</i>. Tertio, ut Chrysostomus
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diff changeset
1536 dicit, in sermone de passione, <i>noluit dominus pati sub tecto,
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diff changeset
1537 non in templo Iudaico, ne Iudaei subtraherent sacrificium salutare,
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diff changeset
1538 ne putares pro illa tantum plebe oblatum. Et ideo foras civitatem,
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diff changeset
1539 foras muros, ut scias sacrificium esse commune quod totius terrae
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diff changeset
1540 est oblatio, quod communis est purificatio</i>.</p>
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diff changeset
1541 <p title="III q. 46 a. 10 ad 3"><a name="48936"><span class=
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diff changeset
1542 "ref">[48936] III&ordf; q. 46 a. 10 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
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diff changeset
1543 dicendum quod, sicut Hieronymus dicit, super Matth., <i>quidam
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diff changeset
1544 exposuit Calvariae locum, in quo sepultus est Adam, et ideo sic
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diff changeset
1545 appellatum quia ibi antiqui hominis sit conditum caput. Favorabilis
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diff changeset
1546 interpretatio, et mulcens aures populi, nec tamen vera. Extra urbem
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diff changeset
1547 enim et foris portam, loca sunt in quibus truncantur capita
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diff changeset
1548 damnatorum; et Calvariae, idest decollatorum, sumpsere nomen.
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diff changeset
1549 Propterea autem ibi crucifixus est Iesus, ut ubi prius erat area
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diff changeset
1550 damnatorum, ibi erigerentur vexilla martyrii. Adam vero sepultum
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diff changeset
1551 iuxta Hebron, in libro Iesu filii Nave legimus</i>. Magis autem
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diff changeset
1552 Christus crucifigendus erat in loco communi damnatorum quam iuxta
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diff changeset
1553 sepulcrum Adae, ut ostenderetur quod crux Christi non solum erat in
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diff changeset
1554 remedium contra peccatum personale Adae, sed etiam contra peccatum
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diff changeset
1555 totius mundi.</p>
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diff changeset
1556 <br />
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diff changeset
1557 <div class="E">Articulus 11</div>
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diff changeset
1558 <p title="III q. 46 a. 11 arg. 1"><a name="48937"><span class=
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diff changeset
1559 "ref">[48937] III&ordf; q. 46 a. 11 arg. 1</span></a> Ad undecimum
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diff changeset
1560 sic proceditur. Videtur quod non fuerit conveniens Christum cum
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diff changeset
1561 latronibus crucifigi. Dicitur enim II Cor. VI, <i>quae participatio
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diff changeset
1562 iustitiae cum iniquitate? Sed Christus factus est nobis iustitia a
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diff changeset
1563 Deo</i>; iniquitas autem pertinet ad latrones. Non ergo fuit
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diff changeset
1564 conveniens ut Christus simul cum latronibus crucifigeretur.</p>
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diff changeset
1565 <p title="III q. 46 a. 11 arg. 2"><a name="48938"><span class=
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diff changeset
1566 "ref">[48938] III&ordf; q. 46 a. 11 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
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diff changeset
1567 super illud Matth. XXVI, <i>si oportuerit me mori tecum, non te
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diff changeset
1568 negabo</i>, dicit Origenes, <i>mori cum Iesu pro omnibus moriente,
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diff changeset
1569 hominum non erat</i>. Et Ambrosius dicit, super illud Luc. XXII,
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diff changeset
1570 <i>paratus sum tecum et in carcerem et in mortem ire, passio,
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diff changeset
1571 inquit, domini aemulos habet, pares non habet</i>. Multo igitur
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diff changeset
1572 minus conveniens videtur quod Christus simul cum latronibus
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diff changeset
1573 pateretur.</p>
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diff changeset
1574 <p title="III q. 46 a. 11 arg. 3"><a name="48939"><span class=
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diff changeset
1575 "ref">[48939] III&ordf; q. 46 a. 11 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
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diff changeset
1576 Matth. XXVII dicitur quod <i>latrones qui crucifixi erant,
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diff changeset
1577 improperabant ei</i>. Sed Luc. XXIII dicitur quod unus eorum qui
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diff changeset
1578 crucifixi erant cum Christo, ei dicebat, <i>memento mei, domine,
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diff changeset
1579 cum veneris in regnum tuum</i>. Ergo videtur quod, praeter latrones
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diff changeset
1580 blasphemantes, fuerit cum eo crucifixus alius non blasphemans. Et
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diff changeset
1581 sic videtur inconvenienter ab Evangelistis narratum quod Christus
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diff changeset
1582 fuerit cum latronibus crucifixus.</p>
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diff changeset
1583 <p title="III q. 46 a. 11 s. c."><a name="48940"><span class=
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diff changeset
1584 "ref">[48940] III&ordf; q. 46 a. 11 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
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diff changeset
1585 quod Isaiae LIII fuerat prophetatum, <i>et cum sceleratis reputatus
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diff changeset
1586 est</i>.</p>
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diff changeset
1587 <p title="III q. 46 a. 11 co."><a name="48941"><span class=
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diff changeset
1588 "ref">[48941] III&ordf; q. 46 a. 11 co.</span></a> Respondeo
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diff changeset
1589 dicendum quod Christus inter latrones crucifixus est, alia quidem
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diff changeset
1590 ratione quantum ad intentionem Iudaeorum, alia vero quantum ad Dei
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diff changeset
1591 ordinationem. Quantum enim ad intentionem Iudaeorum, duos latrones
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diff changeset
1592 utrinque crucifixerunt, sicut dicit Chrysostomus, <i>ut eorum
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diff changeset
1593 suspicionis fieret particeps. Sed non ita evenit. Nam de illis nil
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diff changeset
1594 dicitur, huius autem ubique crux honoratur. Reges, diademata
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diff changeset
1595 deponentes, assumunt crucem, in purpuris, in diadematibus, in
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diff changeset
1596 armis, in mensa sacrata, ubique terrarum crux emicat</i>. Quantum
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diff changeset
1597 vero ad Dei ordinationem, Christus cum latronibus crucifixus est,
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diff changeset
1598 quia, ut Hieronymus dicit, super Matth., <i>sicut pro nobis
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diff changeset
1599 maledictum crucis factus est Christus, sic, pro omnium salute,
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diff changeset
1600 inter noxios quasi noxius crucifigitur</i>. Secundo, ut dicit Leo
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1601 Papa, in sermone de passione, <i>duo latrones unus ad dexteram
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diff changeset
1602 alius ad sinistram crucifiguntur, ut in ipsa patibuli specie
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diff changeset
1603 demonstraretur illa quae in iudicio ipsius omnium hominum facienda
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diff changeset
1604 est discretio</i>. Et Augustinus dicit, super Ioan., <i>ipsa crux,
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diff changeset
1605 si attendas, tribunal fuit. In medio enim iudice constituto, unus,
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diff changeset
1606 qui credidit, liberatus; alius, qui insultavit, damnatus est. Iam
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diff changeset
1607 significabat quid facturus est de vivis et mortuis, alios positurus
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diff changeset
1608 ad dextram et alios ad sinistram</i>. Tertio, secundum Hilarium,
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diff changeset
1609 <i>duo latrones laevae ac dextrae affiguntur, omnem humani generis
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diff changeset
1610 diversitatem vocari ad sacramentum passionis domini ostendentes.
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diff changeset
1611 Sed quia per diversitatem fidelium atque infidelium fit omnium
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diff changeset
1612 secundum dextram et sinistram divisio, unus ex duobus, ad dextram
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diff changeset
1613 situs, fidei iustificatione salvatur</i>. Quarto quia, ut Beda
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diff changeset
1614 dicit, super Marc., <i>latrones qui cum domino crucifixi sunt,
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diff changeset
1615 significant eos qui, sub fide et confessione Christi, vel agonem
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diff changeset
1616 martyrii vel quaelibet arctioris disciplinae instituta subeunt. Sed
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diff changeset
1617 qui hoc pro aeterna gloria gerunt, dextri latronis fide
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diff changeset
1618 designantur, qui vero humanae laudis intuitu, sinistri latronis
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diff changeset
1619 mentem imitantur et actus</i>.</p>
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diff changeset
1620 <p title="III q. 46 a. 11 ad 1"><a name="48942"><span class=
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diff changeset
1621 "ref">[48942] III&ordf; q. 46 a. 11 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
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diff changeset
1622 dicendum quod, sicut Christus debitum mortis non habuit, sed mortem
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diff changeset
1623 voluntarie subiit ut sua virtute vinceret mortem, ita etiam non
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diff changeset
1624 habuit meritum ut cum latronibus poneretur, sed voluit cum iniquis
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diff changeset
1625 deputari ut sua virtute iniquitatem destrueret. Unde Chrysostomus
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diff changeset
1626 dicit, super Ioan., quod <i>latronem in cruce convertere et in
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diff changeset
1627 Paradisum inducere, non minus fuit quam concutere petras</i>.</p>
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diff changeset
1628 <p title="III q. 46 a. 11 ad 2"><a name="48943"><span class=
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diff changeset
1629 "ref">[48943] III&ordf; q. 46 a. 11 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
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diff changeset
1630 dicendum quod non conveniebat quod cum Christo aliquis alius
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diff changeset
1631 pateretur ex eadem causa. Unde Origenes ibidem subdit, <i>omnes
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diff changeset
1632 fuerant in peccatis, et omnes opus habebant ut pro eis alius
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diff changeset
1633 moreretur, non ipsi pro aliis</i>.</p>
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diff changeset
1634 <p title="III q. 46 a. 11 ad 3"><a name="48944"><span class=
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diff changeset
1635 "ref">[48944] III&ordf; q. 46 a. 11 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
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diff changeset
1636 dicendum quod, sicut Augustinus dicit, in libro de consensu Evang.,
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diff changeset
1637 possumus intelligere Matthaeum posuisse pluralem numerum pro
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1638 singulari, cum dixit, latrones improperabant ei. Vel potest dici,
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diff changeset
1639 secundum Hieronymum, quod <i>primum uterque blasphemaverit; deinde,
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diff changeset
1640 visis signis, unus eorum crediderit</i>.</p>
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diff changeset
1641 <br />
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diff changeset
1642 <div class="E">Articulus 12</div>
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diff changeset
1643 <p title="III q. 46 a. 12 arg. 1"><a name="48945"><span class=
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diff changeset
1644 "ref">[48945] III&ordf; q. 46 a. 12 arg. 1</span></a> Ad duodecimum
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diff changeset
1645 sic proceditur. Videtur quod passio Christi sit eius divinitati
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diff changeset
1646 attribuenda. Dicitur enim I Cor. II, <i>si cognovissent, nunquam
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diff changeset
1647 dominum gloriae crucifixissent</i>. Sed dominus gloriae est
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diff changeset
1648 Christus secundum divinitatem. Ergo passio Christi competit ei
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1649 secundum divinitatem.</p>
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diff changeset
1650 <p title="III q. 46 a. 12 arg. 2"><a name="48946"><span class=
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diff changeset
1651 "ref">[48946] III&ordf; q. 46 a. 12 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
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diff changeset
1652 principium salutis humanae est ipsa divinitas, secundum illud
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diff changeset
1653 Psalmi, <i>salus autem iustorum a domino</i>. Si ergo passio
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diff changeset
1654 Christi ad eius divinitatem non pertineret, videtur quod non posset
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diff changeset
1655 esse nobis fructifera.</p>
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diff changeset
1656 <p title="III q. 46 a. 12 arg. 3"><a name="48947"><span class=
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diff changeset
1657 "ref">[48947] III&ordf; q. 46 a. 12 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
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diff changeset
1658 Iudaei puniti sunt pro peccato occisionis Christi tanquam homicidae
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diff changeset
1659 ipsius Dei, quod magnitudo poenae demonstrat. Hoc autem non esset,
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diff changeset
1660 si passio ad divinitatem non pertineret. Ergo passio Christi ad
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diff changeset
1661 divinitatem pertinuit.</p>
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diff changeset
1662 <p title="III q. 46 a. 12 s. c."><a name="48948"><span class=
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diff changeset
1663 "ref">[48948] III&ordf; q. 46 a. 12 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
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diff changeset
1664 quod Athanasius dicit, in epistola ad Epictetum, <i>natura Deus
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diff changeset
1665 manens verbum est impassibile</i>. Sed impassibile non potest pati.
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diff changeset
1666 Passio ergo Christi non pertinebat ad eius divinitatem.</p>
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diff changeset
1667 <p title="III q. 46 a. 12 co."><a name="48949"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1668 "ref">[48949] III&ordf; q. 46 a. 12 co.</span></a> Respondeo
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diff changeset
1669 dicendum quod, sicut supra dictum est, unio humanae naturae et
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diff changeset
1670 divinae facta est in persona et hypostasi et supposito, manente
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diff changeset
1671 tamen distinctione naturarum, ut scilicet sit eadem persona et
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diff changeset
1672 hypostasis divinae et humanae naturae, salva tamen utriusque
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1673 naturae proprietate. Et ideo, sicut supra dictum est, supposito
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1674 divinae naturae attribuenda est passio, non ratione divinae
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1675 naturae, quae est impassibilis, sed ratione humanae naturae. Unde
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1676 in epistola synodali Cyrilli dicitur, <i>si quis non confitetur Dei
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1677 verbum passum carne et crucifixum carne, anathema sit</i>. Pertinet
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1678 ergo passio Christi ad suppositum divinae naturae ratione naturae
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1679 passibilis assumptae, non autem ratione divinae naturae
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1680 impassibilis.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1681 <p title="III q. 46 a. 12 ad 1"><a name="48950"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1682 "ref">[48950] III&ordf; q. 46 a. 12 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1683 dicendum quod dominus gloriae dicitur crucifixus, non secundum quod
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1684 dominus est gloriae, sed secundum quod erat homo passibilis.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1685 <p title="III q. 46 a. 12 ad 2"><a name="48951"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1686 "ref">[48951] III&ordf; q. 46 a. 12 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1687 dicendum quod, sicut dicitur in quodam sermone Ephesini Concilii,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1688 quod mors Christi, tanquam facta mors Dei, scilicet per unionem in
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1689 persona, destruxit mortem, quoniam Deus et homo erat qui
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1690 patiebatur. Non enim natura Dei laesa est, nec mutatione sua
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1691 suscepit passiones.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1692 <p title="III q. 46 a. 12 ad 3"><a name="48952"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1693 "ref">[48952] III&ordf; q. 46 a. 12 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1694 dicendum quod, sicut subditur ibidem, <i>non purum hominem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1695 crucifixerunt Iudaei, sed Deo intulerunt praesumptiones. Pone enim
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1696 principem loqui per verbum, et hoc formari per litteras in charta
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1697 aliqua, et dirigi civitatibus, et aliquis inobediens chartam
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1698 disrumpat. Ad mortis sententiam deducetur, non tanquam chartam
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1699 discerpens, sed tanquam verbum imperiale disrumpens. Non ergo
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1700 securus sit Iudaeus, tanquam purum hominem crucifigens. Quod enim
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1701 videbat, quasi charta erat, quod autem in ea celabatur, imperiale
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1702 verbum erat, natum ex natura, non prolatum per linguam</i>.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1703 <br />
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1704 <div class="D">Quaestio 47</div>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1705 <div class="G">Prooemium</div>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1706 <p title="III q. 47 pr."><a name="48953"><span class="ref">[48953]
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1707 III&ordf; q. 47 pr.</span></a> Deinde considerandum est de causa
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1708 efficiente passionis Christi. Et circa hoc quaeruntur sex. Primo,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1709 utrum Christus fuerit ab aliis occisus, vel a seipso. Secundo, ex
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1710 quo motivo seipsum passioni tradiderit. Tertio, utrum pater
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1711 tradiderit eum ad patiendum. Quarto, utrum fuerit conveniens ut per
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1712 manus gentium pateretur, vel potius a Iudaeis. Quinto, utrum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1713 occisores eius eum cognoverint. Sexto, de peccato eorum qui
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1714 Christum occiderunt.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1715 <br />
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1716 <div class="E">Articulus 1</div>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1717 <p title="III q. 47 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="48954"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1718 "ref">[48954] III&ordf; q. 47 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad primum sic
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1719 proceditur. Videtur quod Christus non fuerit ab alio occisus, sed a
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diff changeset
1720 seipso. Dicit enim ipse, Ioan. X, <i>nemo a me tollit animam meam,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1721 sed ego pono eam</i>. Ille autem dicitur aliquem occidere qui
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1722 animam eius tollit. Non est ergo Christus ab aliis occisus, sed a
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diff changeset
1723 seipso.</p>
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diff changeset
1724 <p title="III q. 47 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="48955"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1725 "ref">[48955] III&ordf; q. 47 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1726 illi qui ab aliis occiduntur, paulatim, debilitata natura,
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diff changeset
1727 deficiunt. Et maxime hoc apparet in crucifixis, ut enim dicit
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1728 Augustinus, in IV de Trin., <i>longa morte cruciabantur ligno
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1729 suspensi</i>. In Christo autem non hoc accidit, nam <i>clamans voce
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1730 magna emisit spiritum</i>, ut dicitur Matth. XXVII. Non ergo
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1731 Christus est ab aliis occisus, sed a seipso.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1732 <p title="III q. 47 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="48956"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1733 "ref">[48956] III&ordf; q. 47 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1734 illi qui ab aliis occiduntur, per violentiam moriuntur, et ita non
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1735 voluntarie, quia violentum opponitur voluntario. Sed Augustinus
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1736 dicit, in IV de Trin., quod <i>spiritus Christi non deseruit carnem
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diff changeset
1737 invitus, sed quia voluit, quando voluit, et quomodo voluit</i>. Non
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1738 ergo Christus est ab aliis occisus, sed a seipso.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1739 <p title="III q. 47 a. 1 s. c."><a name="48957"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1740 "ref">[48957] III&ordf; q. 47 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1741 quod dicitur Luc. XVIII, <i>postquam flagellaverint, occident
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1742 eum</i>.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1743 <p title="III q. 47 a. 1 co."><a name="48958"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1744 "ref">[48958] III&ordf; q. 47 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1745 dicendum quod aliquid potest esse causa alicuius effectus
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1746 dupliciter. Uno modo, directe ad illud agendo. Et hoc modo
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1747 persecutores Christi eum occiderunt, quia sufficientem causam
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1748 mortis ei intulerunt, cum intentione occidendi ipsum et effectu
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1749 subsequente; quia scilicet ex illa causa est mors subsecuta. Alio
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1750 modo dicitur aliquis causa alicuius indirecte, scilicet quia non
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1751 impedit, cum impedire possit, sicut si dicatur aliquis alium
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1752 perfundere quia non claudit fenestram, per quam imber ingreditur.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1753 Et hoc modo ipse Christus fuit causa passionis et mortis. Poterat
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diff changeset
1754 enim suam passionem et mortem impedire. Primo quidem, adversarios
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1755 reprimendo, ut eum aut non vellent, aut non possent interficere.
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diff changeset
1756 Secundo, quia spiritus eius habebat potestatem conservandi naturam
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diff changeset
1757 carnis suae, ne a quocumque laesivo inflicto opprimeretur. Quod
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diff changeset
1758 quidem habuit anima Christi quia erat verbo Dei coniuncta in
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diff changeset
1759 unitate personae, ut Augustinus dicit, in IV de Trin. Quia ergo
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1760 anima Christi non repulit a proprio corpore nocumentum illatum, sed
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diff changeset
1761 voluit quod natura corporalis illi nocumento succumberet, dicitur
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1762 suam animam posuisse, vel voluntarie mortuus esse.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1763 <p title="III q. 47 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="48959"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1764 "ref">[48959] III&ordf; q. 47 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1765 dicendum quod, cum dicitur, nemo tollit animam meam a me,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1766 intelligitur, me invito. Quod enim aliquis ab invito aufert, qui
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1767 resistere non potest, id proprie dicitur tolli.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1768 <p title="III q. 47 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="48960"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1769 "ref">[48960] III&ordf; q. 47 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1770 dicendum quod, ut Christus ostenderet quod passio illata per
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diff changeset
1771 violentiam eius animam non eripiebat, naturam corporalem in eius
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1772 fortitudine conservavit, ut etiam in extremis positus voce magna
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1773 clamaret. Quod inter alia miracula mortis eius computatur. Unde
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1774 dicitur Marci XV, <i>videns autem centurio qui ex adverso stabat,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1775 quia sic clamans exspirasset, ait, vere homo hic filius Dei
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1776 erat</i>. Fuit etiam et mirabile in Christi morte quod velocius
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1777 mortuus fuit aliis qui simili poena afficiebantur. Unde dicitur
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1778 Ioan. XIX, quod eorum qui cum Christo erant fregerunt crura, ut
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diff changeset
1779 cito morerentur, <i>ad Iesum autem cum venissent, invenerunt eum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1780 mortuum, unde non fregerunt eius crura</i>. Et Marci XV dicitur
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diff changeset
1781 quod <i>Pilatus mirabatur si iam obiisset</i>. Sicut enim eius
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1782 voluntate natura corporalis conservata est in suo vigore usque ad
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1783 extremum, sic etiam, quando voluit, subito cessit nocumento
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1784 illato.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1785 <p title="III q. 47 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="48961"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1786 "ref">[48961] III&ordf; q. 47 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1787 dicendum quod Christus simul et violentiam passus est, ut
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diff changeset
1788 moreretur, et tamen voluntarie mortuus fuit, quia violentia corpori
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1789 eius illata est, quae tamen tantum corpori eius praevaluit quantum
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diff changeset
1790 ipse voluit.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1791 <br />
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1792 <div class="E">Articulus 2</div>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1793 <p title="III q. 47 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="48962"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1794 "ref">[48962] III&ordf; q. 47 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad secundum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1795 sic proceditur. Videtur quod Christus non fuerit ex obedientia
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1796 mortuus. Obedientia enim respicit praeceptum. Sed non legitur
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1797 Christo fuisse praeceptum quod ipse pateretur. Non ergo ex
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1798 obedientia passus fuit.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1799 <p title="III q. 47 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="48963"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1800 "ref">[48963] III&ordf; q. 47 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1801 illud dicitur ex obedientia aliquis facere quod facit ex
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1802 necessitate praecepti. Christus autem non ex necessitate, sed
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1803 voluntarie passus fuit. Non ergo passus est ex obedientia.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1804 <p title="III q. 47 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="48964"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1805 "ref">[48964] III&ordf; q. 47 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1806 caritas est excellentior virtus quam obedientia. Sed Christus
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1807 legitur ex caritate passus, secundum illud Ephes. V, <i>ambulate in
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1808 dilectione, sicut et Christus dilexit nos, et tradidit semetipsum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1809 pro nobis</i>. Ergo passio Christi magis debet attribui caritati
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1810 quam obedientiae.</p>
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diff changeset
1811 <p title="III q. 47 a. 2 s. c."><a name="48965"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1812 "ref">[48965] III&ordf; q. 47 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1813 quod dicitur Philipp. II, <i>factus est obediens patri usque ad
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1814 mortem</i>.</p>
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diff changeset
1815 <p title="III q. 47 a. 2 co."><a name="48966"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1816 "ref">[48966] III&ordf; q. 47 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1817 dicendum quod convenientissimum fuit quod Christus ex obedientia
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1818 pateretur. Primo quidem, quia hoc conveniebat iustificationi
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1819 humanae, ut, <i>sicut per unius hominis inobedientiam peccatores
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diff changeset
1820 constituti sunt multi, ita per unius hominis obedientiam iusti
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1821 constituantur multi</i>, ut dicitur Rom. V. Secundo, hoc fuit
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1822 conveniens reconciliationi Dei ad homines, secundum illud Rom. V,
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diff changeset
1823 <i>reconciliati sumus Deo per mortem filii eius</i>, inquantum
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diff changeset
1824 scilicet ipsa mors Christi fuit quoddam sacrificium acceptissimum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1825 Deo, secundum illud Ephes., <i>tradidit semetipsum pro nobis
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1826 oblationem et hostiam Deo in odorem suavitatis</i>. Obedientia vero
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diff changeset
1827 omnibus sacrificiis antefertur, secundum illud I Reg. XV, <i>melior
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1828 est obedientia quam victimae</i>. Et ideo conveniens fuit ut
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diff changeset
1829 sacrificium passionis et mortis Christi ex obedientia procederet.
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diff changeset
1830 Tertio, hoc conveniens fuit eius victoriae, qua de morte et auctore
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diff changeset
1831 mortis triumphavit. Non enim miles vincere potest nisi duci
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diff changeset
1832 obediat. Et ita homo Christus victoriam obtinuit per hoc quod Deo
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1833 fuit obediens, secundum illud Proverb. XXI, <i>vir obediens
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diff changeset
1834 loquitur victorias</i>.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1835 <p title="III q. 47 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="48967"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1836 "ref">[48967] III&ordf; q. 47 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1837 dicendum quod Christus mandatum accepit a patre ut pateretur,
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diff changeset
1838 dicitur enim Ioan. X, <i>potestatem habeo ponendi animam meam, et
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diff changeset
1839 potestatem habeo iterum sumendi eam, et hoc mandatum accepi a patre
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1840 meo</i>, scilicet ponendi animam et sumendi. Ex quo, ut
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diff changeset
1841 Chrysostomus dicit, non est intelligendum quod <i>prius
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1842 expectaverit audire, et opus fuerit ei discere, sed voluntarium
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1843 monstravit processum, et contrarietatis ad patrem suspicionem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1844 destruxit</i>. Quia tamen in morte Christi lex vetus consummata
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1845 est, secundum illud quod ipse moriens dixit, Ioan. XIX,
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diff changeset
1846 <i>consummatum est</i>; potest intelligi quod patiendo omnia
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1847 veteris legis praecepta implevit. Moralia quidem, quae in
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1848 praeceptis caritatis fundantur, implevit inquantum passus est et ex
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1849 dilectione patris, secundum illud Ioan. XIV, <i>ut cognoscat mundus
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1850 quia diligo patrem, et sicut mandatum dedit mihi pater sic facio,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1851 surgite, eamus hinc</i>, scilicet ad locum passionis, et etiam ex
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1852 dilectione proximi, secundum illud Galat. II <i>dilexit me, et
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1853 tradidit semetipsum pro me</i>. Caeremonialia vero praecepta legis,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1854 quae ad sacrificia et oblationes praecipue ordinantur, implevit
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1855 Christus sua passione inquantum omnia antiqua sacrificia figurae
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1856 fuerunt illius veri sacrificii quod Christus obtulit moriendo pro
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1857 nobis. Unde dicitur Coloss. II, <i>nemo vos iudicet in cibo aut in
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1858 potu, aut in parte diei festi aut Neomeniae, quae sunt umbra
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1859 futurorum, corpus autem Christi</i>, eo scilicet quod Christus
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1860 comparatur ad illa sicut corpus ad umbram. Praecepta vero
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1861 iudicialia legis, quae praecipue ordinantur ad satisfaciendum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1862 iniuriam passis, implevit Christus sua passione, quoniam, ut in
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diff changeset
1863 Psalmo dicitur, <i>quae non rapuit, tunc exsolvit</i>, permittens
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1864 se ligno affigi pro pomo quod de ligno homo rapuerat contra Dei
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1865 mandatum.</p>
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diff changeset
1866 <p title="III q. 47 a. 2 ad 2"><a name="48968"><span class=
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diff changeset
1867 "ref">[48968] III&ordf; q. 47 a. 2 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
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diff changeset
1868 dicendum quod obedientia, etsi importet necessitatem respectu eius
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1869 quod praecipitur, tamen importat voluntatem respectu impletionis
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diff changeset
1870 praecepti. Et talis fuit obedientia Christi. Nam ipsa passio et
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diff changeset
1871 mors, secundum se considerata, naturali voluntati repugnabat,
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diff changeset
1872 volebat tamen Christus Dei voluntatem circa hoc implere, secundum
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diff changeset
1873 illud Psalmi, <i>ut facerem voluntatem tuam, Deus meus, volui</i>.
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diff changeset
1874 Unde dicebat, Matth. XXVI, <i>si non potest transire a me calix
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diff changeset
1875 iste nisi bibam illum, fiat voluntas tua</i>.</p>
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diff changeset
1876 <p title="III q. 47 a. 2 ad 3"><a name="48969"><span class=
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diff changeset
1877 "ref">[48969] III&ordf; q. 47 a. 2 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
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diff changeset
1878 dicendum quod eadem ratione Christus passus est ex caritate, et
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diff changeset
1879 obedientia, quia etiam praecepta caritatis nonnisi ex obedientia
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1880 implevit; et obediens fuit ex dilectione ad patrem
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diff changeset
1881 praecipientem.</p>
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diff changeset
1882 <br />
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diff changeset
1883 <div class="E">Articulus 3</div>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1884 <p title="III q. 47 a. 3 arg. 1"><a name="48970"><span class=
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diff changeset
1885 "ref">[48970] III&ordf; q. 47 a. 3 arg. 1</span></a> Ad tertium sic
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diff changeset
1886 proceditur. Videtur quod Deus pater non tradiderit Christum
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diff changeset
1887 passioni. Iniquum enim et crudele esse videtur quod innocens
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diff changeset
1888 passioni et morti tradatur. Sed, sicut dicitur Deut. XXXII <i>Deus
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diff changeset
1889 fidelis et absque ulla iniquitate</i>. Ergo Christum innocentem non
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diff changeset
1890 tradidit passioni et morti.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1891 <p title="III q. 47 a. 3 arg. 2"><a name="48971"><span class=
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diff changeset
1892 "ref">[48971] III&ordf; q. 47 a. 3 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea, non
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diff changeset
1893 videtur quod aliquis a seipso, et ab alio morti tradatur. Sed
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diff changeset
1894 <i>Christus tradidit semetipsum pro nobis</i>, secundum quod
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diff changeset
1895 dicitur Isaiae LIII, <i>tradidit in mortem animam suam</i>. Non
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diff changeset
1896 ergo videtur quod Deus pater eum tradiderit.</p>
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diff changeset
1897 <p title="III q. 47 a. 3 arg. 3"><a name="48972"><span class=
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diff changeset
1898 "ref">[48972] III&ordf; q. 47 a. 3 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
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diff changeset
1899 Iudas vituperatur ex eo quod tradidit Christum Iudaeis, secundum
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diff changeset
1900 illud Ioan. VI, <i>unus ex vobis Diabolus est, quod dicebat propter
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diff changeset
1901 Iudam, qui eum erat traditurus</i>. Similiter etiam vituperantur
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diff changeset
1902 Iudaei, qui eum tradiderunt Pilato, secundum quod ipse dicit, Ioan.
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diff changeset
1903 XVIII, <i>gens tua et pontifices tui tradiderunt te mihi</i>.
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diff changeset
1904 Pilatus autem tradidit ipsum ut crucifigeretur, ut habetur Ioan.
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diff changeset
1905 XIX, <i>non est autem conventio iustitiae cum iniquitate</i>, ut
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diff changeset
1906 dicitur II Cor. VI. Ergo videtur quod Deus pater Christum non
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diff changeset
1907 tradiderit passioni.</p>
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diff changeset
1908 <p title="III q. 47 a. 3 s. c."><a name="48973"><span class=
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diff changeset
1909 "ref">[48973] III&ordf; q. 47 a. 3 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
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diff changeset
1910 quod dicitur Rom. VIII, <i>proprio filio suo non pepercit Deus, sed
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diff changeset
1911 pro nobis omnibus tradidit illum</i>.</p>
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diff changeset
1912 <p title="III q. 47 a. 3 co."><a name="48974"><span class=
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diff changeset
1913 "ref">[48974] III&ordf; q. 47 a. 3 co.</span></a> Respondeo
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diff changeset
1914 dicendum quod, sicut dictum est, Christus passus est voluntarie ex
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diff changeset
1915 obedientia patris. Unde secundum tria Deus pater tradidit Christum
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diff changeset
1916 passioni. Uno quidem modo, secundum quod sua aeterna voluntate
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diff changeset
1917 praeordinavit passionem Christi ad humani generis liberationem,
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diff changeset
1918 secundum illud quod dicitur Isaiae LIII, <i>dominus posuit in eo
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diff changeset
1919 iniquitatem omnium nostrum</i>; et iterum, <i>dominus voluit
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diff changeset
1920 conterere eum in infirmitate</i>. Secundo, inquantum inspiravit ei
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diff changeset
1921 voluntatem patiendi pro nobis, infundendo ei caritatem. Unde ibidem
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diff changeset
1922 sequitur, <i>oblatus est quia voluit</i>. Tertio, non protegendo
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diff changeset
1923 eum a passione, sed exponendo persequentibus. Unde, ut legitur
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diff changeset
1924 Matth. XXVII, pendens in cruce Christus dicebat, Deus meus, ut quid
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diff changeset
1925 dereliquisti me? Quia scilicet potestati persequentium eum
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diff changeset
1926 exposuit, ut Augustinus dicit.</p>
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diff changeset
1927 <p title="III q. 47 a. 3 ad 1"><a name="48975"><span class=
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diff changeset
1928 "ref">[48975] III&ordf; q. 47 a. 3 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
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diff changeset
1929 dicendum quod innocentem hominem passioni et morti tradere contra
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diff changeset
1930 eius voluntatem, est impium et crudele. Sic autem Deus pater
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diff changeset
1931 Christum non tradidit, sed inspirando ei voluntatem patiendi pro
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diff changeset
1932 nobis. In quo ostenditur et Dei severitas, qui peccatum sine poena
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diff changeset
1933 dimittere noluit, quod significat apostolus dicens, <i>proprio
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diff changeset
1934 filio suo non pepercit, et bonitas eius</i>, in eo quod, cum homo
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diff changeset
1935 sufficienter satisfacere non posset per aliquam poenam quam
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diff changeset
1936 pateretur, ei satisfactorem dedit, quod significavit apostolus
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diff changeset
1937 dicens, <i>pro nobis omnibus tradidit illum</i>. Et Rom. III dicit,
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diff changeset
1938 <i>quem, scilicet Christum, per fidem propitiatorem proposuit Deus
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diff changeset
1939 in sanguine ipsius</i>.</p>
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diff changeset
1940 <p title="III q. 47 a. 3 ad 2"><a name="48976"><span class=
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diff changeset
1941 "ref">[48976] III&ordf; q. 47 a. 3 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
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diff changeset
1942 dicendum quod Christus, secundum quod Deus, tradidit semetipsum in
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diff changeset
1943 mortem eadem voluntate et actione qua et pater tradidit eum. Sed
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diff changeset
1944 inquantum homo, tradidit semetipsum voluntate a patre inspirata.
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diff changeset
1945 Unde non est contrarietas in hoc quod pater tradidit Christum, et
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diff changeset
1946 ipse tradidit semetipsum.</p>
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diff changeset
1947 <p title="III q. 47 a. 3 ad 3"><a name="48977"><span class=
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diff changeset
1948 "ref">[48977] III&ordf; q. 47 a. 3 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
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diff changeset
1949 dicendum quod eadem actio diversimode iudicatur in bono vel in
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diff changeset
1950 malo, secundum quod ex diversa radice procedit. Pater enim tradidit
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diff changeset
1951 Christum, et ipse seipsum, ex caritate, et ideo laudantur. Iudas
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diff changeset
1952 autem tradidit ipsum ex cupiditate, Iudaei ex invidia, Pilatus ex
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diff changeset
1953 timore mundano, quo timuit Caesarem, et ideo ipsi vituperantur.</p>
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diff changeset
1954 <br />
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diff changeset
1955 <div class="E">Articulus 4</div>
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diff changeset
1956 <p title="III q. 47 a. 4 arg. 1"><a name="48978"><span class=
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diff changeset
1957 "ref">[48978] III&ordf; q. 47 a. 4 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quartum sic
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diff changeset
1958 proceditur. Videtur quod non fuerit conveniens Christum pati a
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diff changeset
1959 gentilibus. Quia enim per mortem Christi homines erant a peccato
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diff changeset
1960 liberandi, conveniens videretur ut paucissimi in morte eius
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diff changeset
1961 peccarent. Peccaverunt autem in morte eius Iudaei, ex quorum
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diff changeset
1962 persona dicitur, Matth. XXI, <i>hic est heres; venite, occidamus
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diff changeset
1963 eum</i>. Ergo videtur conveniens fuisse quod in peccato occisionis
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diff changeset
1964 Christi gentiles non implicarentur.</p>
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diff changeset
1965 <p title="III q. 47 a. 4 arg. 2"><a name="48979"><span class=
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diff changeset
1966 "ref">[48979] III&ordf; q. 47 a. 4 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
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diff changeset
1967 veritas debet respondere figurae. Sed figuralia sacrificia veteris
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diff changeset
1968 legis non gentiles, sed Iudaei offerebant. Ergo neque passio
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diff changeset
1969 Christi, quae fuit verum sacrificium, impleri debuit per manus
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diff changeset
1970 gentilium.</p>
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diff changeset
1971 <p title="III q. 47 a. 4 arg. 3"><a name="48980"><span class=
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diff changeset
1972 "ref">[48980] III&ordf; q. 47 a. 4 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
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diff changeset
1973 sicut dicitur Ioan. V, <i>Iudaei quaerebant Christum interficere,
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diff changeset
1974 non solum quia solvebat sabbatum, sed etiam quia patrem suum
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diff changeset
1975 dicebat Deum, aequalem se Deo faciens</i>. Sed haec videbantur esse
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diff changeset
1976 solum contra legem Iudaeorum, unde et ipsi dicunt, Ioan. XIX,
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diff changeset
1977 <i>secundum legem debet mori, quia filium Dei se fecit</i>. Videtur
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diff changeset
1978 ergo conveniens fuisse quod Christus non a gentilibus, sed a
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diff changeset
1979 Iudaeis pateretur, et falsum esse quod dixerunt, <i>nobis non licet
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diff changeset
1980 interficere quemquam</i>, cum multa peccata secundum legem morte
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diff changeset
1981 puniantur, ut patet Levit. XX.</p>
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diff changeset
1982 <p title="III q. 47 a. 4 s. c."><a name="48981"><span class=
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diff changeset
1983 "ref">[48981] III&ordf; q. 47 a. 4 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
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diff changeset
1984 quod ipse dominus dicit, Matth. XX, <i>tradent eum gentibus ad
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diff changeset
1985 illudendum et flagellandum et crucifigendum</i>.</p>
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diff changeset
1986 <p title="III q. 47 a. 4 co."><a name="48982"><span class=
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diff changeset
1987 "ref">[48982] III&ordf; q. 47 a. 4 co.</span></a> Respondeo
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diff changeset
1988 dicendum quod in ipso modo passionis Christi praefiguratus est
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diff changeset
1989 effectus ipsius. Primo enim passio Christi effectum salutis habuit
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diff changeset
1990 in Iudaeis, quorum plurimi in morte Christi baptizati sunt, ut
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diff changeset
1991 patet Act. II et IV. Secundo vero, Iudaeis praedicantibus, effectus
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diff changeset
1992 passionis Christi transivit ad gentes. Et ideo conveniens fuit ut
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diff changeset
1993 Christus a Iudaeis pati inciperet, et postea, Iudaeis tradentibus,
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diff changeset
1994 per manus gentilium eius passio finiretur.</p>
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diff changeset
1995 <p title="III q. 47 a. 4 ad 1"><a name="48983"><span class=
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diff changeset
1996 "ref">[48983] III&ordf; q. 47 a. 4 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
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diff changeset
1997 dicendum quod, quia Christus, ad ostendendam abundantiam caritatis
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diff changeset
1998 suae, ex qua patiebatur, in cruce positus veniam persecutoribus
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diff changeset
1999 postulavit; ut huius petitionis fructus ad Iudaeos et gentiles
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diff changeset
2000 perveniret, voluit Christus ab utrisque pati.</p>
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diff changeset
2001 <p title="III q. 47 a. 4 ad 2"><a name="48984"><span class=
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diff changeset
2002 "ref">[48984] III&ordf; q. 47 a. 4 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
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diff changeset
2003 dicendum quod passio Christi fuit sacrificii oblatio inquantum
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diff changeset
2004 Christus propria voluntate mortem sustinuit ex caritate. Inquantum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2005 autem a persecutoribus est passus, non fuit sacrificium, sed
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diff changeset
2006 peccatum gravissimum.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2007 <p title="III q. 47 a. 4 ad 3"><a name="48985"><span class=
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diff changeset
2008 "ref">[48985] III&ordf; q. 47 a. 4 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
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diff changeset
2009 dicendum quod, sicut Augustinus dicit, Iudaei dicentes, <i>nobis
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diff changeset
2010 non licet interficere quemquam, intellexerunt non sibi licere
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diff changeset
2011 interficere quemquam propter festi diei sanctitatem, quam celebrare
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2012 iam coeperant</i>. Vel hoc dicebant, ut Chrysostomus dicit, quia
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2013 volebant eum occidi, non tanquam transgressorem legis, sed tanquam
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2014 publicum hostem, quia regem se fecerat, de quo non erat eorum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2015 iudicare. Vel quia non licebat eis crucifigere, quod cupiebant, sed
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2016 lapidare, quod in Stephano fecerunt. Vel melius dicendum est quod
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2017 per Romanos, quibus erant subiecti, erat eis potestas occidendi
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2018 interdicta.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2019 <br />
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2020 <div class="E">Articulus 5</div>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2021 <p title="III q. 47 a. 5 arg. 1"><a name="48986"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2022 "ref">[48986] III&ordf; q. 47 a. 5 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quintum sic
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diff changeset
2023 proceditur. Videtur quod persecutores Christi eum cognoverunt.
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diff changeset
2024 Dicitur enim Matth. XXI, quod <i>agricolae, videntes filium,
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diff changeset
2025 dixerunt intra se, hic est heres, venite, occidamus eum</i>. Ubi
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diff changeset
2026 dicit Hieronymus, <i>manifestissime dominus probat his verbis
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2027 Iudaeorum principes non per ignorantiam, sed per invidiam Dei
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2028 filium crucifixisse. Intellexerunt enim esse illum cui pater per
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2029 prophetam dicit, postula a me, et dabo tibi gentes hereditatem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2030 tuam</i>. Ergo videtur quod cognoverunt eum esse Christum, vel
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2031 filium Dei.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2032 <p title="III q. 47 a. 5 arg. 2"><a name="48987"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2033 "ref">[48987] III&ordf; q. 47 a. 5 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
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diff changeset
2034 Ioan. XV dominus dixit, <i>nunc autem et viderunt et oderunt et me
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2035 et patrem meum</i>. Quod autem videtur, manifeste cognoscitur. Ergo
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2036 Iudaei, cognoscentes Christum, ex causa odii ei passionem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2037 intulerunt.</p>
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diff changeset
2038 <p title="III q. 47 a. 5 arg. 3"><a name="48988"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2039 "ref">[48988] III&ordf; q. 47 a. 5 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea, in
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2040 quodam sermone Ephesini Concilii dicitur, <i>sicut qui chartam
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2041 imperialem disrumpit, tanquam imperatoris disrumpens verbum, ad
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2042 mortem adducitur, sic crucifigens Iudaeus quem viderat, poenas
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2043 dabit tanquam in ipsum Deum verbum praesumptiones iniiciens</i>.
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diff changeset
2044 Hoc autem non esset si eum Dei filium esse non cognoverunt, quia
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diff changeset
2045 ignorantia eos excusasset. Ergo videtur quod Iudaei crucifigentes
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2046 Christum cognoverunt eum esse filium Dei.</p>
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diff changeset
2047 <p title="III q. 47 a. 5 s. c."><a name="48989"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2048 "ref">[48989] III&ordf; q. 47 a. 5 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
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diff changeset
2049 quod dicitur I Cor. II, <i>si cognovissent, nunquam dominum gloriae
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diff changeset
2050 crucifixissent</i>. Et Act. III dicit Petrus, Iudaeis loquens,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2051 <i>scio quod per ignorantiam fecistis sicut et principes
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2052 vestri</i>. Et dominus, in cruce pendens, dixit, <i>pater, dimitte
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2053 illis, non enim sciunt quid faciunt</i>.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2054 <p title="III q. 47 a. 5 co."><a name="48990"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2055 "ref">[48990] III&ordf; q. 47 a. 5 co.</span></a> Respondeo
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diff changeset
2056 dicendum quod apud Iudaeos quidam erant maiores, et quidam minores.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2057 Maiores quidem, qui eorum principes dicebantur, cognoverunt, ut
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diff changeset
2058 dicitur in libro quaest. Nov. et Vet. Test., sicut et Daemones
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2059 cognoverunt, <i>eum esse Christum promissum in lege, omnia enim
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2060 signa videbant in eo quae dixerant futura prophetae. Mysterium
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diff changeset
2061 autem divinitatis eius ignorabant</i>, et ideo apostolus dixit
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2062 quod, <i>si cognovissent, nunquam dominum gloriae
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2063 crucifixissent</i>. Sciendum tamen quod eorum ignorantia non eos
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2064 excusabat a crimine, quia erat quodammodo ignorantia affectata.
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diff changeset
2065 Videbant enim evidentia signa ipsius divinitatis, sed ex odio et
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2066 invidia Christi ea pervertebant, et verbis eius, quibus se Dei
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2067 filium fatebatur, credere noluerunt. Unde ipse de eis dicit, Ioan.
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diff changeset
2068 XV, <i>si non venissem, et locutus eis non fuissem, peccatum non
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2069 haberent, nunc autem excusationem non habent de peccato suo</i>. Et
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2070 postea subdit, <i>si opera non fecissem in eis quae nemo alius
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2071 fecit, peccatum non haberent</i>. Et sic ex persona eorum accipi
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2072 potest quod dicitur Iob XXI, <i>dixerunt Deo, recede a nobis,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2073 scientiam viarum tuarum nolumus</i>. Minores vero, idest populares,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2074 qui mysteria Scripturae non noverant, non plene cognoverunt ipsum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2075 esse nec Christum nec filium Dei, licet aliqui eorum etiam in eum
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diff changeset
2076 crediderint. Multitudo tamen non credidit. Et si aliquando
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2077 dubitarent an ipse esset Christus, propter signorum multitudinem,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2078 et efficaciam doctrinae, ut habetur Ioan. VII, tamen postea decepti
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2079 fuerunt a suis principibus ut eum non crederent neque filium Dei
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2080 neque Christum. Unde et Petrus eis dixit, <i>scio quod per
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2081 ignorantiam hoc fecistis, sicut et principes vestri</i>, quia
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diff changeset
2082 scilicet per principes seducti erant.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2083 <p title="III q. 47 a. 5 ad 1"><a name="48991"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2084 "ref">[48991] III&ordf; q. 47 a. 5 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2085 dicendum quod illa verba dicuntur ex persona colonorum vineae, per
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2086 quos significantur rectores illius populi, qui eum cognoverunt esse
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2087 heredem, inquantum cognoverunt eum esse Christum promissum in lege.
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diff changeset
2088 Sed contra hanc responsionem videtur esse quod illa verba Psalmi,
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diff changeset
2089 <i>postula a me et dabo tibi gentes hereditatem tuam</i>, eidem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2090 dicuntur cui dicitur, filius meus es tu, ego hodie genui te. Si
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diff changeset
2091 ergo cognoverunt eum esse illum cui dictum est, <i>postula a me et
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2092 dabo tibi gentes hereditatem tuam</i>, sequitur quod cognoverunt
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2093 eum esse filium Dei. Chrysostomus etiam, ibidem, dicit quod
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diff changeset
2094 <i>cognoverunt eum esse filium Dei</i>. Beda etiam dicit, super
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diff changeset
2095 illud Luc. XXIII, <i>quia nesciunt quid faciunt, notandum, inquit,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2096 quod non pro eis orat qui, quem filium Dei intellexerunt,
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diff changeset
2097 crucifigere quam confiteri maluerunt</i>. Sed ad hoc potest
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diff changeset
2098 responderi quod cognoverunt eum esse filium Dei non per naturam,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2099 sed per excellentiam gratiae singularis. Possumus tamen dicere quod
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diff changeset
2100 etiam verum Dei filium cognovisse dicuntur, quia evidentia signa
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2101 huius rei habebant, quibus tamen assentire propter odium et
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diff changeset
2102 invidiam noluerunt, ut eum cognoscerent esse filium Dei.</p>
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diff changeset
2103 <p title="III q. 47 a. 5 ad 2"><a name="48992"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2104 "ref">[48992] III&ordf; q. 47 a. 5 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
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diff changeset
2105 dicendum quod ante illa verba praemittitur, <i>si opera non
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diff changeset
2106 fecissem in eis quae nemo alius fecit, peccatum non haberent</i>,
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diff changeset
2107 et postea subditur, <i>nunc autem viderunt, et oderunt et me et
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2108 patrem meum</i>. Per quod ostenditur quod, videntes opera Christi
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2109 mirifica, ex odio processit quod eum filium Dei non
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diff changeset
2110 cognoverunt.</p>
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diff changeset
2111 <p title="III q. 47 a. 5 ad 3"><a name="48993"><span class=
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diff changeset
2112 "ref">[48993] III&ordf; q. 47 a. 5 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
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diff changeset
2113 dicendum quod ignorantia affectata non excusat a culpa sed magis
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diff changeset
2114 videtur culpam aggravare, ostendit enim hominem sic vehementer esse
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2115 affectum ad peccandum quod vult ignorantiam incurrere ne peccatum
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diff changeset
2116 vitet. Et ideo Iudaei peccaverunt, non solum hominis Christi, sed
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diff changeset
2117 tanquam Dei crucifixores.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2118 <br />
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2119 <div class="E">Articulus 6</div>
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diff changeset
2120 <p title="III q. 47 a. 6 arg. 1"><a name="48994"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2121 "ref">[48994] III&ordf; q. 47 a. 6 arg. 1</span></a> Ad sextum sic
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2122 proceditur. Videtur quod peccatum crucifigentium Christum non
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diff changeset
2123 fuerit gravissimum. Non enim est gravissimum peccatum quod
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2124 excusationem habet. Sed ipse dominus excusavit peccatum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2125 crucifigentium eum, dicens, <i>pater, ignosce illis, quia nesciunt
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diff changeset
2126 quid faciunt</i>. Non ergo peccatum eorum fuit gravissimum.</p>
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diff changeset
2127 <p title="III q. 47 a. 6 arg. 2"><a name="48995"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2128 "ref">[48995] III&ordf; q. 47 a. 6 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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diff changeset
2129 dominus dixit Pilato, Ioan. XIX, <i>qui tradidit me tibi, maius
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diff changeset
2130 peccatum habet</i>. Ipse autem Pilatus fecit Christum crucifigi per
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2131 suos ministros. Ergo videtur fuisse maius peccatum Iudae proditoris
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2132 peccato crucifigentium Christum.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2133 <p title="III q. 47 a. 6 arg. 3"><a name="48996"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2134 "ref">[48996] III&ordf; q. 47 a. 6 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
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diff changeset
2135 secundum philosophum, in V Ethic., <i>nullus patitur iniustum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2136 volens</i>, et, sicut ipse ibidem dicit, <i>nullo patiente
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diff changeset
2137 iniustum, nullus facit iniustum</i>. Ergo volenti nullus facit
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diff changeset
2138 iniustum. Sed Christus voluntarie est passus, ut supra habitum est.
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diff changeset
2139 Non ergo iniustum fecerunt crucifixores Christi. Et ita eorum
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diff changeset
2140 peccatum non est gravissimum.</p>
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diff changeset
2141 <p title="III q. 47 a. 6 s. c."><a name="48997"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2142 "ref">[48997] III&ordf; q. 47 a. 6 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
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diff changeset
2143 quod super illud Matth. XXIII, <i>et vos implete mensuram patrum
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diff changeset
2144 vestrorum</i>, dicit Chrysostomus, <i>quantum ad veritatem,
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diff changeset
2145 excesserunt mensuram patrum suorum. Illi enim homines occiderunt,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2146 isti Deum crucifixerunt</i>.</p>
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diff changeset
2147 <p title="III q. 47 a. 6 co."><a name="48998"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2148 "ref">[48998] III&ordf; q. 47 a. 6 co.</span></a> Respondeo
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diff changeset
2149 dicendum quod, sicut dictum est, principes Iudaeorum cognoverunt
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diff changeset
2150 Christum, et si aliqua ignorantia fuit in eis, fuit ignorantia
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diff changeset
2151 affectata, quae eos non poterat excusare. Et ideo peccatum eorum
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diff changeset
2152 fuit gravissimum, tum ex genere peccati; tum ex malitia voluntatis.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2153 Minores autem Iudaei gravissime peccaverunt quantum ad genus
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diff changeset
2154 peccati, in aliquo tamen diminuebatur eorum peccatum propter eorum
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diff changeset
2155 ignorantiam. Unde super illud Luc. XXIII, nesciunt quid faciunt,
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diff changeset
2156 dicit Beda, <i>pro illis rogat qui nescierunt quod fecerunt, zelum
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diff changeset
2157 Dei habentes, sed non secundum scientiam</i>. Multo autem magis
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diff changeset
2158 fuit excusabile peccatum gentilium per quorum manus Christus
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2159 crucifixus est, qui legis scientiam non habebant.</p>
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diff changeset
2160 <p title="III q. 47 a. 6 ad 1"><a name="48999"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2161 "ref">[48999] III&ordf; q. 47 a. 6 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
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diff changeset
2162 dicendum quod excusatio illa domini non refertur ad principes
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diff changeset
2163 Iudaeorum, sed ad minores de populo, sicut dictum est.</p>
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diff changeset
2164 <p title="III q. 47 a. 6 ad 2"><a name="49000"><span class=
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diff changeset
2165 "ref">[49000] III&ordf; q. 47 a. 6 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
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diff changeset
2166 dicendum quod Iudas tradidit Christum, non Pilato, sed principibus
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2167 sacerdotum, qui tradiderunt eum Pilato, secundum illud Ioan. XVIII,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2168 <i>gens tua et pontifices tui tradiderunt te mihi</i>. Horum tamen
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2169 omnium peccatum fuit maius quam Pilati, qui timore Caesaris
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2170 Christum occidit; et etiam quam peccatum militum, qui mandato
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2171 praesidis Christum crucifixerunt; non ex cupiditate, sicut Iudas,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2172 nec ex invidia et odio, sicut principes sacerdotum.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2173 <p title="III q. 47 a. 6 ad 3"><a name="49001"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2174 "ref">[49001] III&ordf; q. 47 a. 6 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2175 dicendum quod Christus voluit quidem suam passionem, sicut et Deus
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2176 eam voluit, iniquam tamen actionem Iudaeorum noluit. Et ideo
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2177 occisores Christi ab iniustitia non excusantur. Et tamen ille qui
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2178 occidit hominem, iniuriam facit non solum homini, sed etiam Deo et
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2179 reipublicae, sicut etiam et ille qui occidit seipsum, ut
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2180 philosophus dicit, in V Ethic. Unde David damnavit illum ad mortem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2181 qui <i>non timuerat mittere manum ut occideret Christum domini</i>,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2182 quamvis eo petente, ut legitur II Reg. I.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2183 <br />
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2184 <div class="D">Quaestio 48</div>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2185 <div class="G">Prooemium</div>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2186 <p title="III q. 48 pr."><a name="49002"><span class="ref">[49002]
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2187 III&ordf; q. 48 pr.</span></a> Deinde considerandum est de effectu
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2188 passionis Christi. Et primo, de modo efficiendi; secundo, de ipso
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2189 effectu. Circa primum quaeruntur sex. Primo, utrum passio Christi
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2190 causaverit nostram salutem per modum meriti. Secundo, utrum per
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2191 modum satisfactionis. Tertio, utrum per modum sacrificii. Quarto,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2192 utrum per modum redemptionis. Quinto, utrum esse redemptorem sit
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2193 proprium Christi. Sexto, utrum causaverit effectum nostrae salutis
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2194 per modum efficientiae.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2195 <br />
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2196 <div class="E">Articulus 1</div>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2197 <p title="III q. 48 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="49003"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2198 "ref">[49003] III&ordf; q. 48 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad primum sic
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2199 proceditur. Videtur quod passio Christi non causaverit nostram
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2200 salutem per modum meriti. Passionum enim principia non sunt in
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2201 nobis. Nullus autem meretur vel laudatur nisi per id cuius
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2202 principium est in ipso. Ergo passio Christi nihil est operata per
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2203 modum meriti.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2204 <p title="III q. 48 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="49004"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2205 "ref">[49004] III&ordf; q. 48 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2206 Christus ab initio suae conceptionis meruit et sibi et nobis, ut
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2207 supra dictum est. Sed superfluum est iterum mereri id quod alias
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2208 meruerat. Ergo Christus per suam passionem non meruit nostram
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2209 salutem.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2210 <p title="III q. 48 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="49005"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2211 "ref">[49005] III&ordf; q. 48 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2212 radix merendi est caritas. Sed caritas Christi non fuit magis
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2213 augmentata in passione quam ante. Ergo non magis meruit salutem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2214 nostram patiendo quam ante fecerat.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2215 <p title="III q. 48 a. 1 s. c."><a name="49006"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2216 "ref">[49006] III&ordf; q. 48 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2217 quod, super illud Philipp. II, <i>propter quod et Deus exaltavit
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2218 illum</i> etc., dicit Augustinus, <i>humilitas passionis claritatis
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2219 est meritum, claritas humilitatis est praemium</i>. Sed ipse
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diff changeset
2220 clarificatus est non solum in seipso, sed etiam in suis fidelibus,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2221 ut ipse dicit, Ioan. XVII. Ergo videtur quod ipse meruit salutem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2222 suorum fidelium.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2223 <p title="III q. 48 a. 1 co."><a name="49007"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2224 "ref">[49007] III&ordf; q. 48 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2225 dicendum quod, sicut supra dictum est, Christo data est gratia non
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2226 solum sicut singulari personae, sed inquantum est caput Ecclesiae,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2227 ut scilicet ab ipso redundaret ad membra. Et ideo opera Christi hoc
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2228 modo se habent tam ad se quam ad sua membra, sicut se habent opera
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2229 alterius hominis in gratia constituti ad ipsum. Manifestum est
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2230 autem quod quicumque in gratia constitutus propter iustitiam
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2231 patitur, ex hoc ipso meretur sibi salutem, secundum illud Matth. V,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2232 <i>beati qui persecutionem patiuntur propter iustitiam</i>. Unde
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2233 Christus non solum per suam passionem sibi, sed etiam omnibus suis
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2234 membris meruit salutem.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2235 <p title="III q. 48 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="49008"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2236 "ref">[49008] III&ordf; q. 48 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2237 dicendum quod passio inquantum huiusmodi, habet principium ab
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2238 exteriori. Sed secundum quod eam aliquis voluntarie sustinet, habet
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2239 principium ab interiori.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2240 <p title="III q. 48 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="49009"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2241 "ref">[49009] III&ordf; q. 48 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2242 dicendum quod Christus a principio suae conceptionis meruit nobis
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2243 salutem aeternam, sed ex parte nostra erant impedimenta quaedam,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2244 quibus impediebamur consequi effectum praecedentium meritorum.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2245 Unde, ad removendum illa impedimenta, oportuit Christum pati, ut
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2246 supra dictum est.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2247 <p title="III q. 48 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="49010"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2248 "ref">[49010] III&ordf; q. 48 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2249 dicendum quod passio Christi habuit aliquem effectum quem non
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2250 habuerunt praecedentia merita, non propter maiorem caritatem, sed
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2251 propter genus operis, quod erat conveniens tali effectui, ut patet
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2252 ex rationibus supra inductis de convenientia passionis Christi.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2253 <br />
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2254 <div class="E">Articulus 2</div>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2255 <p title="III q. 48 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="49011"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2256 "ref">[49011] III&ordf; q. 48 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad secundum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2257 sic proceditur. Videtur quod passio Christi non causaverit nostram
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2258 salutem per modum satisfactionis. Eiusdem enim videtur esse
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2259 satisfacere cuius est peccare, sicut patet in aliis poenitentiae
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2260 partibus; eiusdem enim est conteri et confiteri cuius est peccare.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2261 Sed Christus non peccavit, secundum illud I Pet. II, <i>qui
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2262 peccatum non fecit</i>. Ergo ipse non satisfecit propria
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2263 passione.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2264 <p title="III q. 48 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="49012"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2265 "ref">[49012] III&ordf; q. 48 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2266 nulli satisfit per maiorem offensam. Sed maxima offensa fuit
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2267 perpetrata in Christi passione, quia gravissime peccaverunt qui eum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2268 occiderunt, ut supra dictum est. Ergo videtur quod per passionem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2269 Christi non potuit Deo satisfieri.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2270 <p title="III q. 48 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="49013"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2271 "ref">[49013] III&ordf; q. 48 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2272 satisfactio importat aequalitatem quandam ad culpam, cum sit actus
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2273 iustitiae. Sed passio Christi non videtur esse aequalis omnibus
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2274 peccatis humani generis, quia Christus non est passus secundum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2275 divinitatem, sed secundum carnem, secundum illud I Pet. IV, Christo
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2276 igitur passo in carne; anima autem, in qua est peccatum, potior est
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2277 quam caro. Non ergo Christus sua passione satisfecit pro peccatis
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2278 nostris.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2279 <p title="III q. 48 a. 2 s. c."><a name="49014"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2280 "ref">[49014] III&ordf; q. 48 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2281 quod ex persona eius dicitur in Psalmo, <i>quae non rapui, tunc
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2282 exsolvebam</i>. Non autem exsolvit qui perfecte non satisfecit.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2283 Ergo videtur quod Christus patiendo satisfecerit perfecte pro
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2284 peccatis nostris.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2285 <p title="III q. 48 a. 2 co."><a name="49015"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2286 "ref">[49015] III&ordf; q. 48 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2287 dicendum quod ille proprie satisfacit pro offensa qui exhibet
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2288 offenso id quod aeque vel magis diligit quam oderit offensam.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2289 Christus autem, ex caritate et obedientia patiendo, maius aliquid
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2290 Deo exhibuit quam exigeret recompensatio totius offensae humani
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2291 generis. Primo quidem, propter magnitudinem caritatis ex qua
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2292 patiebatur. Secundo, propter dignitatem vitae suae, quam pro
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2293 satisfactione ponebat, quae erat vita Dei et hominis. Tertio,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2294 propter generalitatem passionis et magnitudinem doloris assumpti,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2295 ut supra dictum est. Et ideo passio Christi non solum sufficiens,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2296 sed etiam superabundans satisfactio fuit pro peccatis humani
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2297 generis, secundum illud I Ioan. II, <i>ipse est propitiatio pro
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2298 peccatis nostris, non pro nostris autem tantum, sed etiam pro
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2299 totius mundi</i>.</p>
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diff changeset
2300 <p title="III q. 48 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="49016"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2301 "ref">[49016] III&ordf; q. 48 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2302 dicendum quod caput et membra sunt quasi una persona mystica. Et
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2303 ideo satisfactio Christi ad omnes fideles pertinet sicut ad sua
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2304 membra. Inquantum etiam duo homines sunt unum in caritate, unus pro
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2305 alio satisfacere potest, ut infra patebit. Non autem est similis
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2306 ratio de confessione et contritione, quia satisfactio consistit in
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2307 actu exteriori, ad quem assumi possunt instrumenta; inter quae
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2308 computantur etiam amici.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2309 <p title="III q. 48 a. 2 ad 2"><a name="49017"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2310 "ref">[49017] III&ordf; q. 48 a. 2 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2311 dicendum quod maior fuit caritas Christi patientis quam malitia
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2312 crucifigentium. Et ideo plus potuit Christus satisfacere sua
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2313 passione quam crucifixores offendere occidendo, in tantum quod
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2314 passio Christi sufficiens fuit, et superabundans, ad satisfaciendum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2315 pro peccatis crucifigentium ipsum.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2316 <p title="III q. 48 a. 2 ad 3"><a name="49018"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2317 "ref">[49018] III&ordf; q. 48 a. 2 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2318 dicendum quod dignitas carnis Christi non est aestimanda solum
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diff changeset
2319 secundum carnis naturam, sed secundum personam assumentem,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2320 inquantum scilicet erat caro Dei, ex quo habebat dignitatem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2321 infinitam.</p>
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diff changeset
2322 <br />
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2323 <div class="E">Articulus 3</div>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2324 <p title="III q. 48 a. 3 arg. 1"><a name="49019"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2325 "ref">[49019] III&ordf; q. 48 a. 3 arg. 1</span></a> Ad tertium sic
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2326 proceditur. Videtur quod passio Christi non fuerit operata per
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2327 modum sacrificii. Veritas enim debet respondere figurae. Sed in
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2328 sacrificiis veteris legis, quae erant figurae Christi, nunquam
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2329 offerebatur caro humana, quinimmo haec sacrificia nefanda
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2330 habebantur, secundum illud Psalmi, <i>effuderunt sanguinem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2331 innocentem, sanguinem filiorum suorum et filiarum, quas
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2332 sacrificaverunt sculptilibus Chanaan</i>. Ergo videtur quod passio
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2333 Christi sacrificium dici non possit.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2334 <p title="III q. 48 a. 3 arg. 2"><a name="49020"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2335 "ref">[49020] III&ordf; q. 48 a. 3 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2336 Augustinus dicit, in X de Civ. Dei, quod <i>sacrificium visibile
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diff changeset
2337 invisibilis sacrificii sacramentum, idest sacrum signum, est</i>.
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diff changeset
2338 Sed passio Christi non est signum, sed magis significatum per alia
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diff changeset
2339 signa. Ergo videtur quod passio Christi non sit sacrificium.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2340 <p title="III q. 48 a. 3 arg. 3"><a name="49021"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2341 "ref">[49021] III&ordf; q. 48 a. 3 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
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diff changeset
2342 quicumque offert sacrificium, aliquid sacrum facit, ut ipsum nomen
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2343 sacrificii demonstrat. Illi autem qui Christum occiderunt, non
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2344 fecerunt aliquod sacrum, sed magnam malitiam perpetraverunt. Ergo
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2345 passio Christi magis fuit maleficium quam sacrificium.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2346 <p title="III q. 48 a. 3 s. c."><a name="49022"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2347 "ref">[49022] III&ordf; q. 48 a. 3 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
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diff changeset
2348 quod apostolus dicit, Ephes. V, <i>tradidit semetipsum pro nobis
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diff changeset
2349 oblationem et hostiam Deo in odorem suavitatis</i>.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2350 <p title="III q. 48 a. 3 co."><a name="49023"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2351 "ref">[49023] III&ordf; q. 48 a. 3 co.</span></a> Respondeo
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2352 dicendum quod sacrificium proprie dicitur aliquid factum in honorem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2353 proprie Deo debitum, ad eum placandum. Et inde est quod Augustinus
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2354 dicit, in X de Civ. Dei, <i>verum sacrificium est omne opus quod
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diff changeset
2355 agitur ut sancta societate Deo inhaereamus, relatum scilicet ad
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2356 illum finem boni quo veraciter beati esse possumus. Christus
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2357 autem</i>, ut ibidem subditur, <i>seipsum obtulit in passione pro
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2358 nobis</i>, et hoc ipsum opus, quod voluntarie passionem sustinuit,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2359 fuit Deo maxime acceptum, utpote ex caritate proveniens. Unde
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2360 manifestum est quod passio Christi fuit verum sacrificium. Et,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2361 sicut ipse postea subdit in eodem libro, <i>huius veri sacrificii
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2362 multiplicia variaque signa erant sacrificia prisca sanctorum, cum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2363 hoc unum per multa figuraretur, tanquam verbis multis res una
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2364 diceretur, ut sine fastidio multum commendaretur; et, cum quatuor
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2365 considerentur in omni sacrificio</i>, ut Augustinus dicit in IV de
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diff changeset
2366 Trin., scilicet <i>cui offeratur, a quo offeratur, quid offeratur,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2367 pro quibus offeratur, idem ipse qui unus verusque mediator per
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diff changeset
2368 sacrificium pacis reconciliat nos Deo, unum cum illo maneret cui
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2369 offerebat, unum in se faceret pro quibus offerebat, unus ipse esset
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2370 qui offerebat, et quod offerebat</i>.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2371 <p title="III q. 48 a. 3 ad 1"><a name="49024"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2372 "ref">[49024] III&ordf; q. 48 a. 3 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2373 dicendum quod, licet veritas respondeat figurae quantum ad aliquid,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2374 non tamen quantum ad omnia, quia oportet quod veritas figuram
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2375 excedat. Et ideo convenienter figura huius sacrificii, quo caro
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2376 Christi offertur pro nobis, fuit caro, non hominum, sed aliorum
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diff changeset
2377 animalium significantium carnem Christi. Quae est perfectissimum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2378 sacrificium. Primo quidem quia, ex eo quod est humanae naturae
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diff changeset
2379 caro, congrue pro hominibus offertur, et ab eis sumitur sub
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diff changeset
2380 sacramento. Secundo quia, ex eo quod erat passibilis et mortalis,
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diff changeset
2381 apta erat immolationi. Tertio quia, ex hoc quod erat sine peccato,
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diff changeset
2382 efficax erat ad emundanda peccata. Quarto quia, ex eo quod erat
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diff changeset
2383 caro ipsius offerentis, erat Deo accepta propter caritatem suam
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2384 carnem offerentis. Unde Augustinus dicit, in IV de Trin., <i>quid
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2385 tam congruenter ab hominibus sumeretur quod pro eis offerretur,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2386 quam humana caro? Et quid tam aptum huic immolationi quam caro
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2387 mortalis? Et quid tam mundum pro mundandis vitiis mortalium quam
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diff changeset
2388 sine contagione carnalis concupiscentiae caro nata in utero et ex
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diff changeset
2389 utero virginali? Et quid tam grate offerri et suscipi posset quam
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diff changeset
2390 caro sacrificii nostri, corpus effectum sacerdotis nostri?</i></p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2391 <p title="III q. 48 a. 3 ad 2"><a name="49025"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2392 "ref">[49025] III&ordf; q. 48 a. 3 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2393 dicendum quod Augustinus ibi loquitur de sacrificiis visibilibus
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2394 figuralibus. Et tamen ipsa passio Christi, licet sit aliquid
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diff changeset
2395 significatum per alia sacrificia figuralia, est tamen signum
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diff changeset
2396 alicuius rei observandae a nobis, secundum illud I Pet. IV,
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diff changeset
2397 <i>Christo igitur passo in carne, et vos eadem cogitatione
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diff changeset
2398 armamini, quia qui passus est in carne, desiit a peccatis; ut iam
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2399 non hominum desideriis, sed voluntati Dei, quod reliquum est in
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diff changeset
2400 carne vivat temporis</i>.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2401 <p title="III q. 48 a. 3 ad 3"><a name="49026"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2402 "ref">[49026] III&ordf; q. 48 a. 3 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2403 dicendum quod passio Christi ex parte occidentium ipsum fuit
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2404 maleficium, sed ex parte ipsius ex caritate patientis fuit
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2405 sacrificium. Unde hoc sacrificium ipse Christus obtulisse dicitur,
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diff changeset
2406 non autem illi qui eum occiderunt.</p>
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diff changeset
2407 <br />
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2408 <div class="E">Articulus 4</div>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2409 <p title="III q. 48 a. 4 arg. 1"><a name="49027"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2410 "ref">[49027] III&ordf; q. 48 a. 4 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quartum sic
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diff changeset
2411 proceditur. Videtur quod passio Christi non fuerit operata nostram
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diff changeset
2412 salutem per modum redemptionis. Nullus enim emit vel redimit quod
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diff changeset
2413 suum esse non desiit. Sed homines nunquam desierunt esse Dei,
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diff changeset
2414 secundum illud Psalmi, <i>domini est terra et plenitudo eius, orbis
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diff changeset
2415 terrarum et universi qui habitant in eo</i>. Ergo videtur quod
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diff changeset
2416 Christus non redemerit nos sua passione.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2417 <p title="III q. 48 a. 4 arg. 2"><a name="49028"><span class=
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diff changeset
2418 "ref">[49028] III&ordf; q. 48 a. 4 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
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diff changeset
2419 sicut Augustinus dicit, XIII de Trin., <i>Diabolus a Christo
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diff changeset
2420 iustitia superandus fuit</i>. Sed hoc exigit iustitia, ut ille qui
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diff changeset
2421 invasit dolose rem alienam, debeat privari, quia <i>fraus et dolus
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2422 nemini debet patrocinari</i>, ut etiam iura humana dicunt. Cum ergo
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diff changeset
2423 Diabolus creaturam Dei, scilicet hominem, dolose deceperit et sibi
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diff changeset
2424 subiugaverit, videtur quod non debuit homo per modum redemptionis
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diff changeset
2425 ab eius eripi potestate.</p>
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diff changeset
2426 <p title="III q. 48 a. 4 arg. 3"><a name="49029"><span class=
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diff changeset
2427 "ref">[49029] III&ordf; q. 48 a. 4 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2428 quicumque emit aut redimit aliquid, pretium solvit ei qui
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diff changeset
2429 possidebat. Sed Christus non solvit sanguinem suum, qui dicitur
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2430 esse pretium redemptionis nostrae, Diabolo, qui nos captivos
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2431 tenebat. Non ergo Christus sua passione nos redemit.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2432 <p title="III q. 48 a. 4 s. c."><a name="49030"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2433 "ref">[49030] III&ordf; q. 48 a. 4 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
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diff changeset
2434 quod dicitur I Pet. I, <i>non corruptibilibus auro vel argento
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2435 redempti estis de vana vestra conversatione paternae traditionis,
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diff changeset
2436 sed pretioso sanguine, quasi agni immaculati et incontaminati,
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diff changeset
2437 Christi</i>. Et Galat. III dicitur, <i>Christus nos redemit de
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2438 maledicto legis, factus pro nobis maledictum</i>. Dicitur autem pro
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2439 nobis factus maledictum, inquantum pro nobis passus est in ligno,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2440 ut supra dictum est. Ergo per passionem suam nos redemit.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2441 <p title="III q. 48 a. 4 co."><a name="49031"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2442 "ref">[49031] III&ordf; q. 48 a. 4 co.</span></a> Respondeo
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2443 dicendum quod per peccatum dupliciter homo obligatus erat. Primo
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diff changeset
2444 quidem, servitute peccati, quia <i>qui facit peccatum, servus est
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2445 peccati</i>, ut dicitur Ioan. VIII; et II Pet. II, <i>a quo quis
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diff changeset
2446 superatus est, huic et servus addictus est</i>. Quia igitur
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diff changeset
2447 Diabolus hominem superaverat inducendo eum ad peccatum, homo
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diff changeset
2448 servituti Diaboli addictus erat. Secundo, quantum ad reatum poenae,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2449 quo homo erat obligatus secundum Dei iustitiam. Et haec est
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2450 servitus quaedam, ad servitutem enim pertinet quod aliquis patiatur
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2451 quod non vult, cum liberi hominis sit uti seipso ut vult. Igitur,
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diff changeset
2452 quia passio Christi fuit sufficiens et superabundans satisfactio
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2453 pro peccato et reatu generis humani, eius passio fuit quasi quoddam
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2454 pretium, per quod liberati sumus ab utraque obligatione. Nam ipsa
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2455 satisfactio qua quis satisfacit sive pro se sive pro alio, pretium
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2456 quoddam dicitur quo se redimit a peccato et poena, secundum illud
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2457 Dan. IV, <i>peccata tua eleemosynis redime</i>. Christus autem
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diff changeset
2458 satisfecit, non quidem pecuniam dando aut aliquid huiusmodi, sed
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2459 dando id quod fuit maximum, seipsum, pro nobis. Et ideo passio
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2460 Christi dicitur esse nostra redemptio.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2461 <p title="III q. 48 a. 4 ad 1"><a name="49032"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2462 "ref">[49032] III&ordf; q. 48 a. 4 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2463 dicendum quod homo dicitur esse Dei dupliciter. Uno modo, inquantum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2464 subiicitur potestati eius. Et hoc modo nunquam homo desiit Dei
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2465 esse, secundum illud Dan. IV, <i>dominatur excelsus in regno
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2466 hominum, et cuicumque voluerit, dabit illud</i>. Alio modo, per
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2467 unionem caritatis ad eum, secundum quod dicitur Rom. VIII, <i>si
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diff changeset
2468 quis spiritum Christi non habet, hic non est eius</i>. Primo igitur
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diff changeset
2469 modo, nunquam homo desiit esse Dei. Secundo modo, desiit esse Dei
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2470 per peccatum. Et ideo, inquantum fuit a peccato liberatus, Christo
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2471 passo satisfaciente, dicitur per passionem Christi esse
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2472 redemptus.</p>
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diff changeset
2473 <p title="III q. 48 a. 4 ad 2"><a name="49033"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2474 "ref">[49033] III&ordf; q. 48 a. 4 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2475 dicendum quod homo peccando obligatus erat et Deo et Diabolo.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2476 Quantum enim ad culpam, Deum offenderat, et Diabolo se subdiderat,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2477 ei consentiens. Unde ratione culpae non erat factus servus Dei, sed
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2478 potius, a Dei servitute recedens, Diaboli servitutem incurrerat,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2479 Deo iuste hoc permittente propter offensam in se commissam. Sed
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2480 quantum ad poenam, principaliter homo erat Deo obligatus, sicut
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2481 summo iudici, Diabolo autem tanquam tortori, secundum illud Matth.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2482 V, <i>ne forte tradat te adversarius tuus iudici, et iudex tradat
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2483 te ministro</i>, idest Angelo poenarum crudeli, ut Chrysostomus
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2484 dicit. Quamvis igitur Diabolus iniuste, quantum in ipso erat,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2485 hominem, sua fraude deceptum, sub servitute teneret, et quantum ad
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2486 culpam et quantum ad poenam, iustum tamen erat hoc hominem pati,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2487 Deo hoc permittente quantum ad culpam, et ordinante quantum ad
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2488 poenam. Et ideo per respectum ad Deum iustitia exigebat quod homo
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2489 redimeretur, non autem per respectum ad Diabolum.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2490 <p title="III q. 48 a. 4 ad 3"><a name="49034"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2491 "ref">[49034] III&ordf; q. 48 a. 4 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2492 dicendum quod, quia redemptio requirebatur ad hominis liberationem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2493 per respectum ad Deum, non autem per respectum ad Diabolum; non
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diff changeset
2494 erat pretium solvendum Diabolo, sed Deo. Et ideo Christus sanguinem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2495 suum, qui est pretium nostrae redemptionis, non dicitur obtulisse
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2496 Diabolo, sed Deo.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2497 <br />
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2498 <div class="E">Articulus 5</div>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2499 <p title="III q. 48 a. 5 arg. 1"><a name="49035"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2500 "ref">[49035] III&ordf; q. 48 a. 5 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quintum sic
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diff changeset
2501 proceditur. Videtur quod esse redemptorem non sit proprium Christi.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2502 Dicitur enim in Psalmo, <i>redemisti me, domine Deus veritatis</i>.
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2503 Sed esse dominum Deum veritatis convenit toti Trinitati. Non ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2504 est proprium Christo.</p>
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2505 <p title="III q. 48 a. 5 arg. 2"><a name="49036"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2506 "ref">[49036] III&ordf; q. 48 a. 5 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2507 ille dicitur redimere qui dat pretium redemptionis. Sed Deus pater
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2508 dedit filium suum redemptionem pro peccatis nostris, secundum illud
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2509 Psalmi, <i>redemptionem misit dominus populo suo</i>; Glossa,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2510 <i>idest Christum, qui dat redemptionem captivis</i>. Ergo non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2511 solum Christus, sed etiam Deus pater nos redemit.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2512 <p title="III q. 48 a. 5 arg. 3"><a name="49037"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2513 "ref">[49037] III&ordf; q. 48 a. 5 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2514 solum passio Christi, sed etiam aliorum sanctorum, proficua fuit ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2515 nostram salutem, secundum illud Coloss. I, <i>gaudeo in passionibus
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2516 pro vobis, et adimpleo ea quae desunt passionum Christi in carne
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2517 mea pro corpore eius</i>, quod est Ecclesia. Ergo non solum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2518 Christus debet dici redemptor, sed etiam alii sancti.</p>
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2519 <p title="III q. 48 a. 5 s. c."><a name="49038"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2520 "ref">[49038] III&ordf; q. 48 a. 5 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2521 quod dicitur Galat. III, <i>Christus nos redemit de maledicto
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2522 legis, factus pro nobis maledictum</i>. Sed solus Christus factus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2523 est pro nobis maledictum. Ergo solus Christus debet dici noster
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2524 redemptor.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2525 <p title="III q. 48 a. 5 co."><a name="49039"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2526 "ref">[49039] III&ordf; q. 48 a. 5 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2527 dicendum quod ad hoc quod aliquis redimat, duo requiruntur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2528 scilicet actus solutionis, et pretium solutum. Si enim aliquis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2529 solvat pro redemptione alicuius rei pretium, si non est suum, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2530 alterius, non dicitur ipse redimere principaliter, sed magis ille
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2531 cuius est pretium. Pretium autem redemptionis nostrae est sanguis
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2532 Christi, vel vita eius corporalis quae est in sanguine, quam ipse
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2533 Christus exsolvit. Unde utrumque istorum ad Christum pertinet
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2534 immediate inquantum est homo, sed ad totam Trinitatem sicut ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2535 causam primam et remotam, cuius erat et ipsa vita Christi sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2536 primi auctoris, et a qua inspiratum fuit ipsi homini Christo ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2537 pateretur pro nobis. Et ideo esse immediate redemptorem est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2538 proprium Christi inquantum est homo, quamvis ipsa redemptio possit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2539 attribui toti Trinitati sicut primae causae.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2540 <p title="III q. 48 a. 5 ad 1"><a name="49040"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2541 "ref">[49040] III&ordf; q. 48 a. 5 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2542 dicendum quod Glossa sic exponit, <i>tu, Deus veritatis, redemisti
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2543 me in Christo clamante, in manus tuas, domine, commendo spiritum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2544 meum</i>. Et sic redemptio immediate pertinet ad hominem Christum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2545 principaliter autem ad Deum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2546 <p title="III q. 48 a. 5 ad 2"><a name="49041"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2547 "ref">[49041] III&ordf; q. 48 a. 5 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2548 dicendum quod pretium redemptionis nostrae homo Christus solvit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2549 immediate, sed de mandato patris sicut primordialis auctoris.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2550 <p title="III q. 48 a. 5 ad 3"><a name="49042"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2551 "ref">[49042] III&ordf; q. 48 a. 5 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2552 dicendum quod passiones sanctorum proficiunt Ecclesiae, non quidem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2553 per modum redemptionis, sed per modum exhortationis et exempli,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2554 secundum illud II Cor. I, <i>sive tribulamur pro vestra
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2555 exhortatione et salute</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2556 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2557 <div class="E">Articulus 6</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2558 <p title="III q. 48 a. 6 arg. 1"><a name="49043"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2559 "ref">[49043] III&ordf; q. 48 a. 6 arg. 1</span></a> Ad sextum sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2560 proceditur. Videtur quod passio Christi non fuerit operata nostram
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2561 salutem per modum efficientiae. Causa enim efficiens nostrae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2562 salutis est magnitudo divinae virtutis, secundum illud Isaiae LIX,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2563 <i>ecce, non est abbreviata manus eius, ut salvare non possit</i>.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2564 Christus autem crucifixus est ex infirmitate, ut dicitur II Cor.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2565 XIII. Non ergo passio Christi efficienter operata est salutem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2566 nostram.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2567 <p title="III q. 48 a. 6 arg. 2"><a name="49044"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2568 "ref">[49044] III&ordf; q. 48 a. 6 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2569 nullum agens corporale efficienter agit nisi per contactum, unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2570 etiam et Christus tangendo mundavit leprosum, <i>ut ostenderet
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2571 carnem suam salutiferam virtutem habere</i>, sicut Chrysostomus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2572 dicit. Sed passio Christi non potuit contingere omnes homines. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2573 non potuit efficienter operari omnium hominum salutem.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2574 <p title="III q. 48 a. 6 arg. 3"><a name="49045"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2575 "ref">[49045] III&ordf; q. 48 a. 6 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2576 videtur eiusdem esse operari per modum meriti, et per modum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2577 efficientiae, quia ille qui meretur, expectat effectum ab alio. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2578 passio Christi operata est nostram salutem per modum meriti. Non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2579 ergo per modum efficientiae.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2580 <p title="III q. 48 a. 6 s. c."><a name="49046"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2581 "ref">[49046] III&ordf; q. 48 a. 6 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2582 quod dicitur I Cor. I, quod <i>verbum crucis his qui salvi fiunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2583 est virtus Dei</i>. Sed virtus Dei efficienter operatur nostram
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2584 salutem. Ergo passio Christi in cruce efficienter operata est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2585 nostram salutem.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2586 <p title="III q. 48 a. 6 co."><a name="49047"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2587 "ref">[49047] III&ordf; q. 48 a. 6 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2588 dicendum quod duplex est efficiens, principale, et instrumentale.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2589 Efficiens quidem principale humanae salutis Deus est. Quia vero
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2590 humanitas Christi est divinitatis instrumentum, ut supra dictum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2591 est, ex consequenti omnes actiones et passiones Christi
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2592 instrumentaliter operantur, in virtute divinitatis, ad salutem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2593 humanam. Et secundum hoc, passio Christi efficienter causat salutem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2594 humanam.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2595 <p title="III q. 48 a. 6 ad 1"><a name="49048"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2596 "ref">[49048] III&ordf; q. 48 a. 6 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2597 dicendum quod passio Christi, relata ad Christi carnem, congruit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2598 infirmitati assumptae, relata vero ad divinitatem, consequitur ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2599 ea infinitam virtutem, secundum illud I Cor. I, <i>quod infirmum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2600 est Dei, fortius est hominibus</i>; quia scilicet ipsa infirmitas
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2601 Christi, inquantum est Dei, habet virtutem excedentem omnem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2602 virtutem humanam.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2603 <p title="III q. 48 a. 6 ad 2"><a name="49049"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2604 "ref">[49049] III&ordf; q. 48 a. 6 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2605 dicendum quod passio Christi, licet sit corporalis, habet tamen
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2606 spiritualem virtutem ex divinitate unita. Et ideo per spiritualem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2607 contactum efficaciam sortitur, scilicet per fidem et fidei
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2608 sacramenta, secundum illud apostoli, <i>quem proposuit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2609 propitiatorem per fidem in sanguine eius</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2610 <p title="III q. 48 a. 6 ad 3"><a name="49050"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2611 "ref">[49050] III&ordf; q. 48 a. 6 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2612 dicendum quod passio Christi, secundum quod comparatur ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2613 divinitatem eius, agit per modum efficientiae; inquantum vero
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2614 comparatur ad voluntatem animae Christi, agit per modum meriti;
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2615 secundum vero quod consideratur in ipsa carne Christi, agit per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2616 modum satisfactionis, inquantum per eam liberamur a reatu poenae;
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2617 per modum vero redemptionis, inquantum per eam liberamur a
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2618 servitute culpae; per modum autem sacrificii, inquantum per eam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2619 reconciliamur Deo, ut infra dicetur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2620 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2621 <div class="D">Quaestio 49</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2622 <div class="G">Prooemium</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2623 <p title="III q. 49 pr."><a name="49051"><span class="ref">[49051]
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2624 III&ordf; q. 49 pr.</span></a> Deinde considerandum est de ipsis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2625 effectibus passionis Christi. Et circa hoc quaeruntur sex. Primo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2626 utrum per passionem Christi simus liberati a peccato. Secundo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2627 utrum per eam simus liberati a potestate Diaboli. Tertio, utrum per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2628 eam simus liberati a reatu poenae. Quarto, utrum per eam simus Deo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2629 reconciliati. Quinto, utrum per eam sit nobis aperta ianua caeli.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2630 Sexto, utrum per eam Christus adeptus fuerit exaltationem.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2631 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2632 <div class="E">Articulus 1</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2633 <p title="III q. 49 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="49052"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2634 "ref">[49052] III&ordf; q. 49 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad primum sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2635 proceditur. Videtur quod per passionem Christi non simus liberati a
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2636 peccato. Liberare enim a peccato est proprium Dei secundum illud
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2637 Isaiae XLIII, <i>ego sum qui deleo iniquitates tuas propter me</i>.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2638 Christus autem non est passus secundum quod Deus, sed secundum quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2639 homo. Ergo passio Christi non liberavit nos a peccato.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2640 <p title="III q. 49 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="49053"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2641 "ref">[49053] III&ordf; q. 49 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2642 corporale non agit in spirituale. Sed passio Christi corporalis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2643 est, peccatum autem non est nisi in anima, quae est spiritualis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2644 creatura. Ergo passio Christi non potuit nos mundare a peccato.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2645 <p title="III q. 49 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="49054"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2646 "ref">[49054] III&ordf; q. 49 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2647 nullus potest liberari a peccato quod nondum commisit, sed quod in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2648 posterum est commissurus. Cum igitur multa peccata post Christi
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2649 passionem sint commissa, et tota die committantur, videtur quod per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2650 passionem Christi non simus liberati a peccato.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2651 <p title="III q. 49 a. 1 arg. 4"><a name="49055"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2652 "ref">[49055] III&ordf; q. 49 a. 1 arg. 4</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2653 posita causa sufficienti, nihil aliud requiritur ad effectum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2654 inducendum. Requiruntur autem adhuc alia ad remissionem peccatorum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2655 scilicet Baptismus et poenitentia. Ergo videtur quod passio Christi
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2656 non sit sufficiens causa remissionis peccatorum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2657 <p title="III q. 49 a. 1 arg. 5"><a name="49056"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2658 "ref">[49056] III&ordf; q. 49 a. 1 arg. 5</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2659 Proverb. X dicitur, <i>universa delicta operit caritas</i>; et XV
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2660 dicitur, <i>per misericordiam et fidem purgantur peccata</i>. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2661 multa sunt alia de quibus habemus fidem, et quae sunt provocativa
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2662 caritatis. Ergo passio Christi non est propria causa remissionis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2663 peccatorum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2664 <p title="III q. 49 a. 1 s. c."><a name="49057"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2665 "ref">[49057] III&ordf; q. 49 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2666 quod dicitur Apoc. I, <i>dilexit nos, et lavit nos a peccatis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2667 nostris in sanguine suo</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2668 <p title="III q. 49 a. 1 co."><a name="49058"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2669 "ref">[49058] III&ordf; q. 49 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2670 dicendum quod passio Christi est propria causa remissionis
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2671 peccatorum, tripliciter. Primo quidem, per modum provocantis ad
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2672 caritatem. Quia, ut apostolus dicit, Rom. V, <i>commendat Deus suam
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2673 caritatem in nobis, quoniam, cum inimici essemus, Christus pro
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2674 nobis mortuus est</i>. Per caritatem autem consequimur veniam
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2675 peccatorum, secundum illud Luc. VII, <i>dimissa sunt ei peccata
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2676 multa, quoniam dilexit multum</i>. Secundo, passio Christi causat
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2677 remissionem peccatorum per modum redemptionis. Quia enim ipse est
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2678 caput nostrum, per passionem suam, quam ex caritate et obedientia
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2679 sustinuit, liberavit nos, tanquam membra sua, a peccatis, quasi per
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2680 pretium suae passionis, sicut si homo per aliquod opus meritorium
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2681 quod manu exerceret, redimeret se a peccato quod pedibus
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2682 commisisset. Sicut enim naturale corpus est unum, ex membrorum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2683 diversitate consistens, ita tota Ecclesia, quae est mysticum corpus
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2684 Christi, computatur quasi una persona cum suo capite, quod est
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2685 Christus. Tertio, per modum efficientiae, inquantum caro, secundum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2686 quam Christus passionem sustinuit, est instrumentum divinitatis, ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2687 quo eius passiones et actiones operantur in virtute divina ad
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2688 expellendum peccatum.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2689 <p title="III q. 49 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="49059"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2690 "ref">[49059] III&ordf; q. 49 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2691 dicendum quod, licet Christus non sit passus secundum quod Deus,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2692 tamen caro eius est divinitatis instrumentum. Et ex hoc passio eius
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2693 habet quandam divinam virtutem ad expellendum peccatum, ut dictum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2694 est.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2695 <p title="III q. 49 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="49060"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2696 "ref">[49060] III&ordf; q. 49 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2697 dicendum quod passio Christi, licet sit corporalis, sortitur tamen
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2698 quandam spiritualem virtutem ex divinitate, cuius caro ei unita est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2699 instrumentum. Secundum quam quidem virtutem passio Christi est
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2700 causa remissionis peccatorum.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2701 <p title="III q. 49 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="49061"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2702 "ref">[49061] III&ordf; q. 49 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2703 dicendum quod Christus sua passione a peccatis nos liberavit
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2704 causaliter, idest, instituens causam nostrae liberationis, ex qua
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2705 possent quaecumque peccata quandocumque remitti, vel praeterita vel
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2706 praesentia vel futura, sicut si medicus faciat medicinam ex qua
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2707 possint etiam quicumque morbi sanari, etiam in futurum.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2708 <p title="III q. 49 a. 1 ad 4"><a name="49062"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2709 "ref">[49062] III&ordf; q. 49 a. 1 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2710 dicendum quod, quia passio Christi praecessit ut causa quaedam
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2711 universalis remissionis peccatorum, sicut dictum est, necesse est
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2712 quod singulis adhibeatur ad deletionem propriorum peccatorum. Hoc
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2713 autem fit per Baptismum et poenitentiam et alia sacramenta, quae
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2714 habent virtutem ex passione Christi, ut infra patebit.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2715 <p title="III q. 49 a. 1 ad 5"><a name="49063"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2716 "ref">[49063] III&ordf; q. 49 a. 1 ad 5</span></a> Ad quintum
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2717 dicendum quod etiam per fidem applicatur nobis passio Christi ad
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2718 percipiendum fructum ipsius, secundum illud Rom. III, <i>quem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2719 proposuit Deus propitiatorem per fidem in sanguine eius</i>. Fides
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2720 autem per quam a peccato mundamur, non est fides informis, quae
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2721 potest esse etiam cum peccato, sed est fides formata per caritatem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2722 ut sic passio Christi nobis applicetur non solum quantum ad
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2723 intellectum, sed etiam quantum ad affectum. Et per hunc etiam modum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2724 peccata dimittuntur ex virtute passionis Christi.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2725 <br />
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2726 <div class="E">Articulus 2</div>
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2727 <p title="III q. 49 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="49064"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2728 "ref">[49064] III&ordf; q. 49 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad secundum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2729 sic proceditur. Videtur quod per passionem Christi non simus
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2730 liberati a potestate Diaboli. Ille enim non habet potestatem super
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2731 aliquos, in quibus nihil sine permissione alterius facere potest.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2732 Sed Diabolus nunquam potuit aliquid in nocumentum hominum facere
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2733 nisi ex permissione divina, sicut patet Iob I et II quod, potestate
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2734 divinitus accepta, eum primo in rebus, et postea in corpore laesit.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2735 Et similiter Matth. VIII dicitur quod Daemones, nisi Christo
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2736 concedente, non potuerunt porcos intrare. Ergo Diabolus nunquam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2737 habuit in hominibus potestatem. Et ita per passionem Christi non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2738 sumus a potestate Diaboli liberati.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2739 <p title="III q. 49 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="49065"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2740 "ref">[49065] III&ordf; q. 49 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2741 Diabolus potestatem suam in hominibus exercet tentando et
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2742 corporaliter vexando. Sed hoc adhuc in hominibus operatur, post
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2743 Christi passionem. Ergo non sumus per passionem Christi ab eius
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2744 potestate liberati.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2745 <p title="III q. 49 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="49066"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2746 "ref">[49066] III&ordf; q. 49 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2747 virtus passionis Christi in perpetuum durat, secundum illud Heb. X,
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2748 <i>una oblatione consummavit sanctificatos in sempiternum</i>. Sed
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2749 liberatio a potestate Diaboli nec est ubique, quia in multis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2750 partibus mundi adhuc sunt idololatrae, nec etiam erit semper, quia
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2751 tempore Antichristi maxime suam potestatem exercebit in hominum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2752 nocumentum, de quo dicitur, II ad Thess. II, quod <i>eius adventus
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2753 erit secundum operationem Satanae in omni virtute et signis et
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2754 prodigiis mendacibus, et in omni seductione iniquitatis</i>. Ergo
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2755 videtur quod passio Christi non sit causa liberationis humani
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2756 generis a potestate Diaboli.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2757 <p title="III q. 49 a. 2 s. c."><a name="49067"><span class=
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2758 "ref">[49067] III&ordf; q. 49 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2759 quod dominus dicit, Ioan. XII, passione imminente, <i>nunc princeps
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2760 huius mundi eiicietur foras, et ego, si exaltatus fuero a terra,
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2761 omnia traham ad meipsum</i>. Est autem exaltatus a terra per crucis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2762 passionem. Ergo per eius passionem Diabolus est a potestate hominum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2763 eiectus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2764 <p title="III q. 49 a. 2 co."><a name="49068"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2765 "ref">[49068] III&ordf; q. 49 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2766 dicendum quod circa potestatem quam Diabolus in homines exercebat
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2767 ante Christi passionem, tria sunt consideranda. Primum quidem est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2768 ex parte hominis, qui suo peccato meruit ut in potestatem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2769 traderetur Diaboli, per cuius tentationem fuerat superatus. Aliud
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2770 autem est ex parte Dei, quem homo peccando offenderat, qui, per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2771 suam iustitiam, hominem reliquerat potestati Diaboli. Tertium autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2772 est ex parte ipsius Diaboli, qui sua nequissima voluntate hominem a
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2773 consecutione salutis impediebat. Quantum igitur ad primum, homo est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2774 a potestate Diaboli liberatus per passionem Christi, inquantum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2775 passio Christi est causa remissionis peccatorum, ut dictum est.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2776 Quantum autem ad secundum, dicendum quod passio Christi nos a
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2777 potestate Diaboli liberavit, inquantum nos Deo reconciliavit, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2778 infra dicetur. Quantum vero ad tertium, passio Christi nos a
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2779 Diabolo liberavit, inquantum in passione Christi excessit modum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2780 potestatis sibi traditae a Deo, machinando in mortem Christi, qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2781 non habebat meritum mortis, cum esset absque peccato. Unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2782 Augustinus dicit, in XIII de Trin., <i>iustitia Christi Diabolus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2783 victus est, quia, cum in eo nihil morte dignum inveniret, occidit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2784 eum tamen; et utique iustum est ut debitores quos tenebat, liberi
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2785 dimittantur, in eum credentes quem sine ullo debito
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2786 occidit</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2787 <p title="III q. 49 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="49069"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2788 "ref">[49069] III&ordf; q. 49 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2789 dicendum quod non dicitur sic Diabolus in homines potestatem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2790 habuisse quasi posset eis nocere Deo non permittente. Sed quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2791 iuste permittebatur nocere hominibus, quos tentando ad suum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2792 consensum perduxerat.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2793 <p title="III q. 49 a. 2 ad 2"><a name="49070"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2794 "ref">[49070] III&ordf; q. 49 a. 2 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2795 dicendum quod Diabolus etiam nunc quidem potest, Deo permittente,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2796 homines tentare quantum ad animam, et vexare quantum ad corpus, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2797 tamen praeparatum est homini remedium ex passione Christi, quo se
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2798 potest tueri contra hostis impugnationes, ne deducatur in interitum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2799 mortis aeternae. Et quicumque ante passionem Christi Diabolo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2800 resistebant, per fidem passionis Christi hoc facere poterant,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2801 licet, passione Christi nondum peracta, quantum ad aliquid nullus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2802 potuerit Diaboli manus evadere, ut scilicet non descenderet in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2803 Infernum. A quo, post passionem Christi, se possunt homines eius
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2804 virtute tueri.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2805 <p title="III q. 49 a. 2 ad 3"><a name="49071"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2806 "ref">[49071] III&ordf; q. 49 a. 2 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2807 dicendum quod Deus permittit Diabolo posse decipere homines certis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2808 personis, temporibus et locis, secundum occultam rationem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2809 iudiciorum suorum. Semper tamen per passionem Christi est paratum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2810 hominibus remedium se tuendi contra nequitias Daemonum, etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2811 tempore Antichristi. Sed si aliqui hoc remedio uti negligant, nil
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2812 deperit efficaciae passionis Christi.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2813 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2814 <div class="E">Articulus 3</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2815 <p title="III q. 49 a. 3 arg. 1"><a name="49072"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2816 "ref">[49072] III&ordf; q. 49 a. 3 arg. 1</span></a> Ad tertium sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2817 proceditur. Videtur quod per passionem Christi non fuerunt homines
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2818 liberati a poena peccati. Praecipua enim poena peccati est aeterna
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2819 damnatio. Sed illi qui damnati erant in Inferno pro suis peccatis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2820 non sunt per Christi passionem liberati, quia <i>in Inferno nulla
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2821 est redemptio</i>. Ergo videtur quod passio Christi non liberavit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2822 homines a poena.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2823 <p title="III q. 49 a. 3 arg. 2"><a name="49073"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2824 "ref">[49073] III&ordf; q. 49 a. 3 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2825 illis qui sunt liberati a reatu poenae, non est aliqua poena
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2826 iniungenda. Sed poenitentibus iniungitur poena satisfactoria. Non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2827 ergo per passionem Christi sunt homines liberati a reatu
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2828 poenae.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2829 <p title="III q. 49 a. 3 arg. 3"><a name="49074"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2830 "ref">[49074] III&ordf; q. 49 a. 3 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2831 mors est poena peccati, secundum illud Rom. VI, stipendia peccati
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2832 mors. Sed adhuc post passionem Christi homines moriuntur. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2833 videtur quod per passionem Christi non sumus a reatu poenae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2834 liberati.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2835 <p title="III q. 49 a. 3 s. c."><a name="49075"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2836 "ref">[49075] III&ordf; q. 49 a. 3 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2837 quod dicitur Isaiae LIII, <i>vere languores nostros ipse tulit, et
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2838 dolores nostros ipse portavit</i>.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2839 <p title="III q. 49 a. 3 co."><a name="49076"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2840 "ref">[49076] III&ordf; q. 49 a. 3 co.</span></a> Respondeo
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2841 dicendum quod per passionem Christi liberati sumus a reatu poenae
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2842 dupliciter. Uno modo, directe, inquantum scilicet passio Christi
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2843 fuit sufficiens et superabundans satisfactio pro peccatis totius
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2844 humani generis. Exhibita autem satisfactione sufficienti, tollitur
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2845 reatus poenae. Alio modo, indirecte, inquantum scilicet passio
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2846 Christi est causa remissionis peccati, in quo fundatur reatus
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2847 poenae.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2848 <p title="III q. 49 a. 3 ad 1"><a name="49077"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2849 "ref">[49077] III&ordf; q. 49 a. 3 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2850 dicendum quod passio Christi sortitur effectum suum in illis quibus
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2851 applicatur per fidem et caritatem, et per fidei sacramenta. Et ideo
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2852 damnati in Inferno, qui praedicto modo passioni Christi non
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2853 coniunguntur, effectum eius percipere non possunt.</p>
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2854 <p title="III q. 49 a. 3 ad 2"><a name="49078"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2855 "ref">[49078] III&ordf; q. 49 a. 3 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2856 dicendum quod, sicut dictum est, ad hoc quod consequamur effectum
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2857 passionis Christi, oportet nos ei configurari. Configuramur autem
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2858 ei in Baptismo sacramentaliter, secundum illud Rom. VI,
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2859 <i>consepulti sumus ei per Baptismum in mortem</i>. Unde baptizatis
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2860 nulla poena satisfactoria imponitur, quia sunt totaliter liberati
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2861 per satisfactionem Christi. Quia vero <i>Christus semel tantum pro
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2862 peccatis nostris mortuus est</i>, ut dicitur I Pet. III, ideo non
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2863 potest homo secundario configurari morti Christi per sacramentum
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2864 Baptismi. Unde oportet quod illi qui post Baptismum peccant,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2865 configurentur Christo patienti per aliquid poenalitatis vel
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2866 passionis quam in seipsis sustineant. Quae tamen multo minor
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2867 sufficit quam esset condigna peccato, cooperante satisfactione
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2868 Christi.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2869 <p title="III q. 49 a. 3 ad 3"><a name="49079"><span class=
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2870 "ref">[49079] III&ordf; q. 49 a. 3 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2871 dicendum quod satisfactio Christi habet effectum in nobis inquantum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2872 incorporamur ei ut membra capiti, sicut supra dictum est. Membra
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2873 autem oportet capiti esse conformia. Et ideo, sicut Christus primo
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2874 quidem habuit gratiam in anima cum passibilitate corporis, et per
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2875 passionem ad gloriam immortalitatis pervenit; ita et nos, qui sumus
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2876 membra eius, per passionem ipsius liberamur quidem a reatu
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2877 cuiuslibet poenae, ita tamen quod primo recipimus in anima spiritum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2878 adoptionis filiorum, quo adscribimur ad hereditatem gloriae
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2879 immortalitatis, adhuc corpus passibile et mortale habentes;
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2880 postmodum vero, configurati passionibus et morti Christi, in
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2881 gloriam immortalem perducimur; secundum illud apostoli, Rom. VIII,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2882 <i>si filii Dei, et heredes, heredes quidem Dei, coheredes autem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2883 Christi, si tamen compatimur, ut simul glorificemur</i>.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2884 <br />
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2885 <div class="E">Articulus 4</div>
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2886 <p title="III q. 49 a. 4 arg. 1"><a name="49080"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2887 "ref">[49080] III&ordf; q. 49 a. 4 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quartum sic
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2888 proceditur. Videtur quod per passionem Christi non simus Deo
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2889 reconciliati. Reconciliatio enim non habet locum inter amicos. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2890 Deus semper dilexit nos, secundum illud Sap. XI, <i>diligis omnia
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2891 quae sunt, et nihil odisti eorum quae fecisti</i>. Ergo passio
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2892 Christi non reconciliavit nos Deo.</p>
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2893 <p title="III q. 49 a. 4 arg. 2"><a name="49081"><span class=
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2894 "ref">[49081] III&ordf; q. 49 a. 4 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea, non
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2895 potest idem esse principium et effectus, unde gratia, quae est
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2896 principium merendi, non cadit sub merito. Sed dilectio Dei est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2897 principium passionis Christi, secundum illud Ioan. III, <i>sic Deus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2898 dilexit mundum ut filium suum unigenitum daret</i>. Non ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2899 videtur quod per passionem Christi simus reconciliati Deo, ita quod
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2900 de novo nos amare inciperet.</p>
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2901 <p title="III q. 49 a. 4 arg. 3"><a name="49082"><span class=
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2902 "ref">[49082] III&ordf; q. 49 a. 4 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2903 passio Christi impleta est per homines Christum occidentes, qui ex
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2904 hoc graviter Deum offenderunt. Ergo passio Christi magis est causa
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2905 indignationis quam reconciliationis Dei.</p>
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2906 <p title="III q. 49 a. 4 s. c."><a name="49083"><span class=
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2907 "ref">[49083] III&ordf; q. 49 a. 4 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2908 quod apostolus dicit, Rom. V, <i>reconciliati sumus Deo per mortem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2909 filii eius</i>.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2910 <p title="III q. 49 a. 4 co."><a name="49084"><span class=
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2911 "ref">[49084] III&ordf; q. 49 a. 4 co.</span></a> Respondeo
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2912 dicendum quod passio Christi est causa reconciliationis nostrae ad
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2913 Deum dupliciter. Uno modo, inquantum removet peccatum, per quod
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2914 homines constituuntur inimici Dei, secundum illud Sap. XIV,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2915 <i>similiter odio sunt Deo impius et impietas eius</i>; et in
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2916 Psalmo, <i>odisti omnes qui operantur iniquitatem</i>. Alio modo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2917 inquantum est Deo sacrificium acceptissimum. Est enim hoc proprie
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2918 sacrificii effectus, ut per ipsum placetur Deus, sicut cum homo
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2919 offensam in se commissam remittit propter aliquod obsequium
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2920 acceptum quod ei exhibetur. Unde dicitur I Reg. XXVI, <i>si dominus
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2921 incitat te adversum me, odoretur sacrificium</i>. Et similiter
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2922 tantum bonum fuit quod Christus voluntarie passus est, quod propter
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2923 hoc bonum in natura humana inventum, Deus placatus est super omni
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2924 offensa generis humani, quantum ad eos qui Christo passo
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2925 coniunguntur secundum modum praemissum.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2926 <p title="III q. 49 a. 4 ad 1"><a name="49085"><span class=
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2927 "ref">[49085] III&ordf; q. 49 a. 4 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2928 dicendum quod Deus diligit omnes homines quantum ad naturam, quam
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2929 ipse fecit. Odit tamen eos quantum ad culpam, quam contra eum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2930 homines committunt, secundum illud Eccli. XII, <i>altissimus odio
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2931 habet peccatores</i>.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2932 <p title="III q. 49 a. 4 ad 2"><a name="49086"><span class=
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2933 "ref">[49086] III&ordf; q. 49 a. 4 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2934 dicendum quod Christus non dicitur quantum ad hoc nos Deo
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2935 reconciliasse, quod de novo nos amare inciperet, cum scriptum sit,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2936 Ierem. XXXI, <i>in caritate perpetua dilexi te</i>. Sed quia per
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2937 passionem Christi est sublata odii causa, tum propter ablutionem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2938 peccati; tum propter recompensationem acceptabilioris boni.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2939 <p title="III q. 49 a. 4 ad 3"><a name="49087"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2940 "ref">[49087] III&ordf; q. 49 a. 4 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2941 dicendum quod, sicut occisores Christi homines fuerunt, ita et
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2942 Christus occisus. Maior autem fuit caritas Christi patientis quam
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2943 iniquitas occisorum. Et ideo passio Christi magis valuit ad
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2944 reconciliandum Deum toti humano generi, quam ad provocandum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2945 iram.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2946 <br />
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2947 <div class="E">Articulus 5</div>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2948 <p title="III q. 49 a. 5 arg. 1"><a name="49088"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2949 "ref">[49088] III&ordf; q. 49 a. 5 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quintum sic
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2950 proceditur. Videtur quod Christus sua passione non aperuerit nobis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2951 ianuam caeli. Dicitur enim Proverb. XI, <i>seminanti iustitiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2952 merces fidelis</i>. Sed merces iustitiae est introitus regni
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2953 caelestis. Ergo videtur quod sancti patres, qui operati sunt opera
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2954 iustitiae, fideliter consecuti essent introitum regni caelestis,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2955 etiam absque Christi passione. Non ergo passio Christi est causa
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2956 apertionis ianuae regni caelestis.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2957 <p title="III q. 49 a. 5 arg. 2"><a name="49089"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2958 "ref">[49089] III&ordf; q. 49 a. 5 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2959 ante passionem Christi, Elias raptus est in caelum, ut dicitur IV
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2960 Reg. II. Sed effectus non praecedit causam. Ergo videtur quod
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2961 apertio ianuae caelestis non sit effectus passionis Christi.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2962 <p title="III q. 49 a. 5 arg. 3"><a name="49090"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2963 "ref">[49090] III&ordf; q. 49 a. 5 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2964 sicut legitur Matth. III, Christo baptizato aperti sunt caeli. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2965 Baptismus praecessit passionem. Ergo apertio caeli non est effectus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2966 passionis Christi.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2967 <p title="III q. 49 a. 5 arg. 4"><a name="49091"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2968 "ref">[49091] III&ordf; q. 49 a. 5 arg. 4</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2969 Mich. II dicitur, <i>ascendit pandens iter ante eos</i>. Sed nihil
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2970 aliud videtur pandere iter caeli quam eius ianuam aperire. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2971 videtur quod ianua caeli sit nobis aperta, non per passionem, sed
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2972 per ascensionem Christi.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2973 <p title="III q. 49 a. 5 s. c."><a name="49092"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2974 "ref">[49092] III&ordf; q. 49 a. 5 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2975 quod apostolus dicit, Heb. X, <i>habemus fiduciam in introitu
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2976 sanctorum</i>, scilicet caelestium, in sanguine Christi.</p>
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2977 <p title="III q. 49 a. 5 co."><a name="49093"><span class=
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2978 "ref">[49093] III&ordf; q. 49 a. 5 co.</span></a> Respondeo
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2979 dicendum quod clausio ianuae est obstaculum quoddam prohibens
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2980 homines ab ingressu. Prohibebantur autem homines ab ingressu regni
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2981 caelestis propter peccatum, quia, sicut dicitur Isaiae XXXV, <i>via
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2982 illa sancta vocabitur, et non transibit per eam pollutus</i>. Est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2983 autem duplex peccatum impediens ab ingressu regni caelestis. Unum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2984 quidem commune totius humanae naturae, quod est peccatum primi
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2985 parentis. Et per hoc peccatum praecludebatur homini aditus regni
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2986 caelestis, unde legitur Gen. III quod, post peccatum primi hominis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2987 <i>collocavit Deus Cherubim, et flammeum gladium atque versatilem,
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2988 ad custodiendam viam ligni vitae</i>. Aliud autem est peccatum
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2989 speciale uniuscuiusque personae, quod per proprium actum
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2990 committitur uniuscuiusque hominis. Per passionem autem Christi
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2991 liberati sumus non solum a peccato communi totius humanae naturae,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2992 et quantum ad culpam et quantum ad reatum poenae, ipso solvente
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2993 pretium pro nobis, sed etiam a peccatis propriis singulorum qui
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2994 communicant eius passioni per fidem et caritatem et fidei
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2995 sacramenta. Et ideo per passionem Christi aperta est nobis ianua
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2996 regni caelestis. Et hoc est quod apostolus dicit, Heb. IX, quod
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2997 <i>Christus, assistens pontifex futurorum bonorum, per proprium
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2998 sanguinem introivit semel in sancta, aeterna redemptione
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2999 inventa</i>. Et hoc significatur Num. XXXV, ubi dicitur quod
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3000 homicida manebit ibi, scilicet in civitate refugii, <i>donec
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3001 sacerdos magnus, qui oleo sancto unctus est, moriatur</i>, quo
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3002 mortuo, poterit in domum suam redire.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3003 <p title="III q. 49 a. 5 ad 1"><a name="49094"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3004 "ref">[49094] III&ordf; q. 49 a. 5 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3005 dicendum quod sancti patres, operando opera iustitiae, meruerunt
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3006 introitum regni caelestis per fidem passionis Christi, secundum
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3007 illud Heb. XI, <i>sancti per fidem vicerunt regna, operati sunt
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3008 iustitiam</i>, per quam etiam unusquisque a peccato purgabatur
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3009 quantum pertinet ad emundationem propriae personae. Non tamen
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3010 alicuius fides vel iustitia sufficiebat ad removendum impedimentum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3011 quod erat per reatum totius humanae creaturae. Quod quidem remotum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3012 est pretio sanguinis Christi. Et ideo ante passionem Christi nullus
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3013 intrare poterat regnum caeleste, adipiscendo scilicet beatitudinem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3014 aeternam, quae consistit in plena Dei fruitione.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3015 <p title="III q. 49 a. 5 ad 2"><a name="49095"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3016 "ref">[49095] III&ordf; q. 49 a. 5 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3017 dicendum quod Elias sublevatus est in caelum aereum, non autem in
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3018 caelum Empyreum, qui est locus beatorum. Et similiter nec Henoch,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3019 sed raptus est ad Paradisum terrestrem, ubi cum Elia simul creditur
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3020 vivere usque ad adventum Antichristi.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3021 <p title="III q. 49 a. 5 ad 3"><a name="49096"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3022 "ref">[49096] III&ordf; q. 49 a. 5 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3023 dicendum quod, sicut supra dictum est, Christo baptizato aperti
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3024 sunt caeli, non propter ipsum Christum, cui semper caelum patuit,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3025 sed ad significandum quod caelum aperitur baptizatis Baptismo
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3026 Christi, qui habet efficaciam ex passione ipsius.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3027 <p title="III q. 49 a. 5 ad 4"><a name="49097"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3028 "ref">[49097] III&ordf; q. 49 a. 5 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3029 dicendum quod Christus sua passione meruit nobis introitum regni
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3030 caelestis, et impedimentum removit, sed per suam ascensionem nos
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3031 quasi in possessionem regni caelestis introduxit. Et ideo dicitur
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3032 quod <i>ascendens pandit iter ante eos</i>.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3033 <br />
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3034 <div class="E">Articulus 6</div>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3035 <p title="III q. 49 a. 6 arg. 1"><a name="49098"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3036 "ref">[49098] III&ordf; q. 49 a. 6 arg. 1</span></a> Ad sextum sic
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3037 proceditur. Videtur quod Christus per suam passionem non meruit
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3038 exaltari. Sicut enim cognitio veritatis est proprium Deo, ita et
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3039 sublimitas, secundum illud Psalmi, <i>excelsus super omnes gentes
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3040 dominus, et super caelos gloria eius</i>. Sed Christus, secundum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3041 quod homo, habuit cognitionem omnis veritatis non ex aliquo merito
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3042 praecedenti, sed ex ipsa unione Dei et hominis, secundum illud
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3043 Ioan. I, <i>vidimus gloriam eius quasi unigeniti a patre, plenum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3044 gratiae et veritatis</i>. Ergo neque exaltationem habuit ex merito
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3045 passionis, sed ex sola unione.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3046 <p title="III q. 49 a. 6 arg. 2"><a name="49099"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3047 "ref">[49099] III&ordf; q. 49 a. 6 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3048 Christus meruit sibi a primo instanti suae conceptionis, ut supra
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3049 habitum est. Non autem maior caritas fuit in eo tempore passionis
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3050 quam ante. Cum ergo caritas sit merendi principium, videtur quod
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3051 non magis meruit per passionem suam exaltationem quam ante.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3052 <p title="III q. 49 a. 6 arg. 3"><a name="49100"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3053 "ref">[49100] III&ordf; q. 49 a. 6 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3054 gloria corporis resultat ex gloria animae, ut Augustinus dicit, in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3055 epistola ad Dioscorum. Sed Christus per passionem suam non meruit
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3056 exaltationem quantum ad gloriam animae, quia anima eius fuit beata
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3057 a primo instanti suae conceptionis. Ergo neque etiam per passionem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3058 meruit exaltationem quantum ad gloriam corporis.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3059 <p title="III q. 49 a. 6 s. c."><a name="49101"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3060 "ref">[49101] III&ordf; q. 49 a. 6 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3061 quod dicitur Philipp. II, <i>factus est obediens usque ad mortem,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3062 mortem autem crucis, propter quod et Deus exaltavit illum</i>.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3063 <p title="III q. 49 a. 6 co."><a name="49102"><span class=
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3064 "ref">[49102] III&ordf; q. 49 a. 6 co.</span></a> Respondeo
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3065 dicendum quod meritum importat quandam aequalitatem iustitiae, unde
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3066 apostolus dicit, <i>ei qui operatur, merces imputatur secundum
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3067 debitum</i>. Cum autem aliquis ex sua iniusta voluntate sibi
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3068 attribuit plus quam debeatur, iustum est ut diminuatur etiam
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3069 quantum ad id quod sibi debebatur, sicut, <i>cum furatur quis unam
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3070 ovem, reddet quatuor</i>, ut dicitur Exod. XXII. Et hoc dicitur
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3071 mereri, inquantum per hoc punitur cuius est iniqua voluntas. Ita
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3072 etiam, cum aliquis sibi ex iusta voluntate subtrahit quod debebat
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3073 habere, meretur ut sibi amplius aliquid superaddatur, quasi merces
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3074 iustae voluntatis. Et inde est quod, sicut dicitur Luc. XIV, <i>qui
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3075 se humiliat, exaltabitur</i>. Christus autem in sua passione
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3076 seipsum humiliavit infra suam dignitatem, quantum ad quatuor. Primo
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3077 quidem, quantum ad passionem et mortem, cuius debitor non erat.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3078 Secundo, quantum ad locum, quia corpus eius positum est in
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3079 sepulcro, anima in Inferno. Tertio, quantum ad confusionem et
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3080 opprobria quae sustinuit. Quarto, quantum ad hoc quod est traditus
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3081 humanae potestati, secundum quod ipse dicit Pilato, Ioan. XIX,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3082 <i>non haberes in me potestatem, nisi datum tibi fuisset
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3083 desuper</i>. Et ideo per suam passionem meruit exaltationem quantum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3084 ad quatuor. Primo quidem, quantum ad resurrectionem gloriosam. Unde
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3085 dicitur in Psalmo, <i>tu cognovisti sessionem meam</i>, idest
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3086 humilitatem meae passionis, <i>et resurrectionem meam</i>. Secundo,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3087 quantum ad ascensionem in caelum. Unde dicitur Ephes. IV,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3088 <i>descendit primo in inferiores partes terrae, qui autem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3089 descendit, ipse est et qui ascendit super omnes caelos</i>. Tertio,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3090 quantum ad consessum paternae dexterae, et manifestationem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3091 divinitatis ipsius, secundum illud Isaiae LII, <i>exaltabitur et
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3092 elevabitur, et sublimis erit valde, sicut obstupuerunt super eum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3093 multi, sic inglorius erit inter viros aspectus eius</i>. Et
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3094 Philipp. II dicitur, <i>factus est obediens usque ad mortem, mortem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3095 autem crucis, propter quod et Deus exaltavit illum, et dedit illi
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3096 nomen quod est super omne nomen</i>, ut scilicet ab omnibus
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3097 nominetur Deus, et omnes sibi reverentiam exhibeant sicut Deo. Et
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3098 hoc est quod subditur, <i>ut in nomine Iesu omne genu flectatur,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3099 caelestium, terrestrium et Infernorum</i>. Quarto, quantum ad
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3100 iudiciariam potestatem. Dicitur enim Iob XXXVI, <i>causa tua quasi
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3101 impii iudicata est, iudicium causamque recipies</i>.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3102 <p title="III q. 49 a. 6 ad 1"><a name="49103"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3103 "ref">[49103] III&ordf; q. 49 a. 6 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3104 dicendum quod principium merendi est ex parte animae, corpus autem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3105 est instrumentum meritorii actus. Et ideo perfectio animae Christi,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3106 quae fuit merendi principium, non debuit in eo acquiri per meritum,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3107 sicut perfectio corporis, quod fuit passioni subiectum, et per hoc
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3108 fuit ipsius meriti instrumentum.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3109 <p title="III q. 49 a. 6 ad 2"><a name="49104"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3110 "ref">[49104] III&ordf; q. 49 a. 6 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3111 dicendum quod per priora merita Christus meruit exaltationem ex
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3112 parte ipsius animae, cuius voluntas caritate et aliis virtutibus
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3113 informabatur. Sed in passione meruit suam exaltationem, per modum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3114 cuiusdam recompensationis, etiam ex parte corporis, iustum enim est
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3115 ut corpus, quod fuerat ex caritate passioni subiectum, acciperet
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3116 recompensationem in gloria.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3117 <p title="III q. 49 a. 6 ad 3"><a name="49105"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3118 "ref">[49105] III&ordf; q. 49 a. 6 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3119 dicendum quod dispensatione quadam factum est in Christo ut gloria
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3120 animae, ante passionem, non redundaret ad corpus, ad hoc quod
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3121 gloriam corporis honorabilius obtineret, quando eam per passionem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3122 meruisset. Gloriam autem animae differri non conveniebat, quia
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3123 anima immediate uniebatur verbo, unde decens erat ut gloria
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3124 repleretur ab ipso verbo. Sed corpus uniebatur verbo mediante
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3125 anima.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3126 <br />
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3127 <div class="D">Quaestio 50</div>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3128 <div class="G">Prooemium</div>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3129 <p title="III q. 50 pr."><a name="49106"><span class="ref">[49106]
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3130 III&ordf; q. 50 pr.</span></a> Deinde considerandum est de morte
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3131 Christi. Et circa hoc quaeruntur sex. Primo, utrum conveniens
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3132 fuerit Christum mori. Secundo, utrum per mortem fuerit separata
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3133 unio divinitatis et carnis. Tertio, utrum fuerit separata unio
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3134 divinitatis et animae. Quarto, utrum Christus in triduo mortis
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3135 fuerit homo. Quinto, utrum corpus eius fuerit idem numero vivum et
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3136 mortuum. Sexto, utrum mors eius aliquid sit operata ad nostram
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3137 salutem.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3138 <br />
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3139 <div class="E">Articulus 1</div>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3140 <p title="III q. 50 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="49107"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3141 "ref">[49107] III&ordf; q. 50 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad primum sic
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3142 proceditur. Videtur quod non fuerit conveniens Christum mori. Illud
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3143 enim quod est primum principium in aliquo genere, non disponitur
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3144 per id quod est contrarium illi generi, sicut ignis, qui est
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3145 principium caloris, nunquam potest esse frigidus. Sed filius Dei
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3146 est principium et fons omnis vitae, secundum illud Psalmi, <i>apud
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3147 te est fons vitae</i>. Ergo videtur quod non fuerit conveniens
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3148 Christum mori.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3149 <p title="III q. 50 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="49108"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3150 "ref">[49108] III&ordf; q. 50 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3151 maior est defectus mortis quam morbi, quia per morbum pervenitur ad
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3152 mortem. Sed non fuit conveniens Christum aliquo morbo languescere,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3153 ut Chrysostomus dicit. Ergo etiam non fuit conveniens Christum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3154 mori.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3155 <p title="III q. 50 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="49109"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3156 "ref">[49109] III&ordf; q. 50 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3157 dominus dicit, Ioan. X, <i>ego veni ut vitam habeant, et
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3158 abundantius habeant</i>. Sed oppositum non perducit ad oppositum.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3159 Ergo videtur quod non fuit conveniens Christum mori.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3160 <p title="III q. 50 a. 1 s. c."><a name="49110"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3161 "ref">[49110] III&ordf; q. 50 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3162 quod dicitur Ioan. XI, <i>expedit ut moriatur unus homo pro populo,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3163 ut non tota gens pereat</i>, quod quidem Caiphas prophetice dixit,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3164 ut Evangelista testatur.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3165 <p title="III q. 50 a. 1 co."><a name="49111"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3166 "ref">[49111] III&ordf; q. 50 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3167 dicendum quod conveniens fuit Christum mori. Primo quidem, ad
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3168 satisfaciendum pro humano genere, quod erat morti adiudicatum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3169 propter peccatum, secundum illud Gen. II, <i>quacumque die
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3170 comederitis, morte moriemini</i>. Est autem conveniens
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3171 satisfaciendi pro alio modus cum aliquis se subiicit poenae quam
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3172 alius meruit. Et ideo Christus mori voluit, ut, moriendo, pro nobis
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3173 satisfaceret, secundum illud I Pet. III, <i>Christus semel pro
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3174 peccatis nostris mortuus est</i>. Secundo, ad ostendendum veritatem
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3175 naturae assumptae. Sicut enim Eusebius dicit, <i>si aliter, post
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3176 conversationem cum hominibus, evanescens subito evolaret fugiens
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3177 mortem, ab omnibus compararetur phantasmati</i>. Tertio ut,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3178 moriendo, nos a timore mortis liberaret. Unde dicitur Heb. II, quod
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3179 <i>communicavit carni et sanguini, ut per mortem destrueret eum qui
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3180 habebat mortis imperium, et liberaret eos qui timore mortis per
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3181 totam vitam obnoxii erant servituti</i>. Quarto ut, corporaliter
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3182 moriendo similitudini peccati, idest poenalitati, daret nobis
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3183 exemplum moriendi spiritualiter peccato. Unde dicitur Rom. VI,
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3184 <i>quod enim mortuus est peccato, mortuus est semel, quod autem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3185 vivit, vivit Deo. Ita et vos existimate mortuos esse peccato,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3186 viventes autem Deo</i>. Quinto ut, a mortuis resurgendo, virtutem
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3187 suam ostenderet, qua mortem superavit, et nobis spem resurgendi a
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3188 mortuis daret. Unde apostolus dicit, I Cor. XV, <i>si Christus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3189 praedicatur quod resurrexit a mortuis, quomodo quidam in vobis
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3190 dicunt quod resurrectio mortuorum non erit?</i></p>
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3191 <p title="III q. 50 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="49112"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3192 "ref">[49112] III&ordf; q. 50 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3193 dicendum quod Christus est fons vitae secundum quod Deus, non autem
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3194 secundum quod homo. Mortuus autem est non secundum quod Deus, sed
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3195 secundum quod homo. Unde Augustinus dicit, contra Felicianum,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3196 <i>absit ut Christus sic senserit mortem ut, quantum est in se
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3197 vita, vitam perdiderit. Si enim hoc ita esset, vitae fons aruisset.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3198 Sensit igitur mortem participatione humani affectus, quem sponte
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3199 susceperat, non naturae suae perdidit potentiam, per quam cuncta
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3200 vivificat</i>.</p>
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3201 <p title="III q. 50 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="49113"><span class=
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3202 "ref">[49113] III&ordf; q. 50 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3203 dicendum quod Christus non sustinuit mortem ex morbo provenientem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3204 ne videretur ex necessitate mori propter infirmitatem naturae. Sed
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3205 sustinuit mortem ab exteriori illatam, cui se spontaneum obtulit,
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3206 ut mors eius voluntaria ostenderetur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3207 <p title="III q. 50 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="49114"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3208 "ref">[49114] III&ordf; q. 50 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3209 dicendum quod unum oppositorum per se non ducit ad aliud, sed
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3210 quandoque per accidens, sicut frigidum quandoque per accidens
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3211 calefacit. Et hoc modo Christus per suam mortem nos perduxit ad
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3212 vitam, quia de sua morte mortem nostram destruxit, sicut ille qui
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3213 poenam pro alio sustinet, removet poenam eius.</p>
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3214 <br />
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3215 <div class="E">Articulus 2</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3216 <p title="III q. 50 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="49115"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3217 "ref">[49115] III&ordf; q. 50 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3218 sic proceditur. Videtur quod in morte Christi fuerit separata
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3219 divinitas a carne. Ut enim dicitur Matth. XXVII, dominus, in cruce
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3220 pendens, clamavit, <i>Deus, Deus meus, ut quid me dereliquisti?</i>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3221 Quod exponens Ambrosius, dicit, <i>clamat homo separatione
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3222 divinitatis moriturus. Nam, cum divinitas morte libera sit, utique
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3223 mors ibi esse non poterat nisi vita discederet, quia vita divinitas
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3224 est</i>. Et sic videtur quod in morte Christi sit divinitas
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3225 separata a carne.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3226 <p title="III q. 50 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="49116"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3227 "ref">[49116] III&ordf; q. 50 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3228 remoto medio, separantur extrema. Sed divinitas unita est carni
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3229 mediante anima, ut supra habitum est. Ergo videtur quod cum in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3230 morte Christi anima sit separata a carne, quod per consequens
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3231 divinitas sit a carne separata.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3232 <p title="III q. 50 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="49117"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3233 "ref">[49117] III&ordf; q. 50 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3234 maior est virtus vivificativa Dei quam animae. Sed corpus mori non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3235 poterat nisi anima separata. Ergo videtur quod multo minus mori
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3236 poterat nisi separata divinitate.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3237 <p title="III q. 50 a. 2 s. c."><a name="49118"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3238 "ref">[49118] III&ordf; q. 50 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra, ea
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3239 quae sunt humanae naturae, non dicuntur de filio Dei nisi ratione
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3240 unionis, ut supra habitum est. Sed de filio Dei dicitur id quod
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3241 convenit corpori Christi post mortem, scilicet esse sepultum, ut
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3242 patet in symbolo fidei, ubi dicitur quod <i>filius Dei conceptus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3243 est et natus ex virgine, passus, mortuus et sepultus</i>. Ergo
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3244 corpus Christi non fuit separatum in morte a divinitate.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3245 <p title="III q. 50 a. 2 co."><a name="49119"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3246 "ref">[49119] III&ordf; q. 50 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3247 dicendum quod id quod per gratiam Dei conceditur, nunquam absque
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3248 culpa revocatur, unde dicitur Rom. XI, quod <i>sine poenitentia
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3249 sunt dona Dei et vocatio</i>. Multo autem maior est gratia unionis,
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3250 per quam divinitas unita est carni Christi in persona, quam gratia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3251 adoptionis, qua alii sanctificantur, et etiam magis permanens ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3252 sui ratione, quia haec gratia ordinatur ad unionem personalem,
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3253 gratia autem adoptionis ad quandam unionem affectualem. Et tamen
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3254 videmus quod gratia adoptionis nunquam perditur sine culpa. Cum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3255 igitur in Christo nullum fuerit peccatum, impossibile fuit quod
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3256 solveretur unio divinitatis a carne ipsius. Et ideo, sicut ante
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3257 mortem caro Christi unita fuit secundum personam et hypostasim
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3258 verbo Dei, ita et remansit unita post mortem, ut scilicet non esset
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3259 alia hypostasis verbi Dei et carnis Christi post mortem, ut
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3260 Damascenus dicit, in III libro.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3261 <p title="III q. 50 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="49120"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3262 "ref">[49120] III&ordf; q. 50 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3263 dicendum quod derelictio illa non est referenda ad solutionem
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3264 unionis personalis, sed ad hoc quod Deus pater eum exposuit
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3265 passioni. Unde derelinquere ibi non est aliud quam non protegere a
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3266 persequentibus. Vel dicit se derelictum quantum ad illam orationem
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3267 qua dixerat, <i>pater, si fieri potest, transeat a me calix
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3268 iste</i>, ut Augustinus exponit, in libro de gratia novi
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3269 testamenti.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3270 <p title="III q. 50 a. 2 ad 2"><a name="49121"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3271 "ref">[49121] III&ordf; q. 50 a. 2 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3272 dicendum quod verbum Dei dicitur esse unitum carni mediante anima,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3273 inquantum caro per animam pertinet ad humanam naturam, quam filius
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3274 Dei assumere intendebat, non autem ita quod anima sit quasi medium
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3275 ligans unita. Habet autem caro ab anima quod pertineat ad humanam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3276 naturam, etiam postquam anima separatur ab ea, inquantum scilicet
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3277 in carne mortua remanet, ex divina ordinatione, quidam ordo ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3278 resurrectionem. Et ideo non tollitur unio divinitatis ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3279 carnem.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3280 <p title="III q. 50 a. 2 ad 3"><a name="49122"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3281 "ref">[49122] III&ordf; q. 50 a. 2 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3282 dicendum quod anima habet vim vivificandi formaliter. Et ideo, ea
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3283 praesente et unita formaliter, necesse est corpus esse vivum.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3284 Divinitas autem non habet vim vivificandi formaliter, sed
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3285 effective, non enim potest esse corporis forma. Et ideo non est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3286 necesse quod, manente unione divinitatis ad carnem, caro sit viva,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3287 quia Deus non ex necessitate agit, sed ex voluntate.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3288 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3289 <div class="E">Articulus 3</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3290 <p title="III q. 50 a. 3 arg. 1"><a name="49123"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3291 "ref">[49123] III&ordf; q. 50 a. 3 arg. 1</span></a> Ad tertium sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3292 proceditur. Videtur quod in morte Christi fuerit separatio
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3293 divinitatis ab anima. Dicit enim dominus, Ioan. X, <i>nemo tollit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3294 animam meam a me, sed ego pono eam, et iterum sumo eam</i>. Non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3295 autem videtur quod corpus animam ponere possit, eam a se separando,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3296 quia anima non subiicitur potestati corporis, sed potius e
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3297 converso. Et sic videtur quod Christo secundum quod est verbum Dei,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3298 conveniat animam suam ponere. Hoc autem est eam a se separare. Ergo
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3299 per mortem anima eius fuit a divinitate separata.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3300 <p title="III q. 50 a. 3 arg. 2"><a name="49124"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3301 "ref">[49124] III&ordf; q. 50 a. 3 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3302 Athanasius dicit <i>maledictum qui totum hominem quem assumpsit Dei
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3303 filius, denuo assumptum vel liberatum, tertia die a mortuis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3304 resurrexisse non confitetur</i>. Sed non potuit totus homo denuo
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3305 assumi, nisi aliquando fuerit totus homo a Dei verbo separatus.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3306 Totus autem homo componitur ex anima et corpore. Ergo aliquando
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3307 fuit facta separatio divinitatis et a corpore et ab anima.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3308 <p title="III q. 50 a. 3 arg. 3"><a name="49125"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3309 "ref">[49125] III&ordf; q. 50 a. 3 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3310 propter unionem ad totum hominem filius Dei vere dicitur homo. Si
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3311 igitur, soluta unione animae et corporis per mortem, verbum Dei
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3312 remansit unitum animae, sequeretur quod vere dici potuisset filium
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3313 Dei esse animam. Hoc autem est falsum, quia, cum anima sit forma
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3314 corporis, sequeretur quod verbum Dei fuerit corporis forma, quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3315 est impossibile. Ergo in morte Christi anima fuit a verbo Dei
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3316 separata.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3317 <p title="III q. 50 a. 3 arg. 4"><a name="49126"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3318 "ref">[49126] III&ordf; q. 50 a. 3 arg. 4</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3319 anima et corpus, ab invicem separata, non sunt una hypostasis, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3320 duae. Si igitur verbum Dei remansit unitum tam animae quam corpori
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3321 Christi, separatis eis ab invicem per mortem Christi, videtur sequi
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3322 quod verbum Dei, durante morte Christi, fuerit duae hypostases.
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3323 Quod est inconveniens. Non ergo post mortem Christi remansit anima
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3324 verbo unita.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3325 <p title="III q. 50 a. 3 s. c."><a name="49127"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3326 "ref">[49127] III&ordf; q. 50 a. 3 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3327 quod dicit Damascenus, in III libro, <i>etsi Christus mortuus est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3328 ut homo, et sancta eius anima ab incontaminato divisa est corpore;
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3329 sed divinitas inseparabilis ab utrisque permansit, ab anima dico et
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3330 corpore</i>.</p>
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3331 <p title="III q. 50 a. 3 co."><a name="49128"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3332 "ref">[49128] III&ordf; q. 50 a. 3 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3333 dicendum quod anima unita est verbo Dei immediatius et per prius
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3334 quam corpus, cum corpus unitum sit verbo Dei mediante anima, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3335 supra dictum est. Cum igitur verbum Dei non sit separatum in morte
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3336 a corpore, multo minus separatum est ab anima. Unde, sicut de filio
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diff changeset
3337 Dei praedicatur id quod convenit corpori ab anima separato,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3338 scilicet esse sepultum; ita de eo in symbolo dicitur quod descendit
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3339 ad Inferos, quia anima eius, a corpore separata, descendit ad
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3340 Inferos.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3341 <p title="III q. 50 a. 3 ad 1"><a name="49129"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3342 "ref">[49129] III&ordf; q. 50 a. 3 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3343 dicendum quod Augustinus, exponens illud verbum Ioannis, inquirit,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3344 <i>cum Christus sit verbum et anima et caro, utrum ex eo quod est
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3345 verbum, ponat animam; an ex eo quod est anima; an iterum ex eo quod
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3346 est caro</i>. Et dicit quod, <i>si dixerimus quod verbum Dei animam
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3347 posuit, sequeretur quod aliquando anima illa separata est a verbo.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3348 Quod est falsum. Mors enim corpus ab anima separavit, a verbo autem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3349 animam separatam non dico. Si vero dixerimus quod anima ipsa se
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3350 ponat, sequitur quod ipsa a se separatur. Quod est
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3351 absurdissimum</i>. Relinquitur ergo quod ipsa caro animam suam
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3352 ponit et iterum eam <i>sumit, non potestate sua, sed potestate
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3353 verbi inhabitantis carnem</i>, quia, sicut supra dictum est, per
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3354 mortem non est separata divinitas verbi a carne.</p>
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3355 <p title="III q. 50 a. 3 ad 2"><a name="49130"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3356 "ref">[49130] III&ordf; q. 50 a. 3 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3357 dicendum quod in verbis illis Athanasius non intellexit quod totus
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3358 homo denuo sit assumptus, idest, omnes partes eius, quasi verbum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3359 Dei partes humanae naturae deposuerit per mortem. Sed quod iterato
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3360 totalitas naturae assumptae sit in resurrectione redintegrata per
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3361 iteratam unionem animae et corporis.</p>
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3362 <p title="III q. 50 a. 3 ad 3"><a name="49131"><span class=
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3363 "ref">[49131] III&ordf; q. 50 a. 3 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3364 dicendum quod verbum Dei, propter unionem humanae naturae, non
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3365 dicitur humana natura, sed dicitur homo, quod est habens humanam
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3366 naturam. Anima autem et corpus sunt partes essentiales humanae
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3367 naturae. Unde propter unionem verbi ad utrumque eorum non sequitur
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3368 quod verbum Dei sit anima vel corpus, sed quod est habens animam
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3369 vel corpus.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3370 <p title="III q. 50 a. 3 ad 4"><a name="49132"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3371 "ref">[49132] III&ordf; q. 50 a. 3 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3372 dicendum quod, sicut Damascenus dicit, in III libro, <i>quod in
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3373 morte Christi est separata anima a carne, non est una hypostasis in
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3374 duas hypostases divisa. Et corpus enim et anima secundum idem ex
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3375 principio in verbi hypostasi habuerunt existentiam, et in morte,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3376 invicem divisa, singula eorum manserunt unam hypostasim verbi
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3377 habens. Quare una verbi hypostasis verbi et animae et corporis
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3378 exstitit hypostasis. Nunquam enim neque anima neque corpus propriam
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3379 habuerunt hypostasim, praeter verbi hypostasim. Una enim semper
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3380 verbi hypostasis, et nunquam duae</i>.</p>
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3381 <br />
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3382 <div class="E">Articulus 4</div>
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3383 <p title="III q. 50 a. 4 arg. 1"><a name="49133"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3384 "ref">[49133] III&ordf; q. 50 a. 4 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quartum sic
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3385 proceditur. Videtur quod Christus in triduo mortis fuerit homo.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3386 Dicit enim Augustinus, in I de Trin., <i>talis erat illa susceptio,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3387 quae Deum hominem faceret et hominem Deum</i>. Sed illa susceptio
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3388 non cessavit per mortem. Ergo videtur quod per mortem non desiit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3389 esse homo.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3390 <p title="III q. 50 a. 4 arg. 2"><a name="49134"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3391 "ref">[49134] III&ordf; q. 50 a. 4 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3392 philosophus dicit, in IX Ethic., quod <i>unusquisque homo est suus
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3393 intellectus</i>. Unde et, post mortem animam Petri alloquentes,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3394 dicimus, <i>sancte Petre, ora pro nobis</i>. Sed post mortem filius
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3395 Dei non fuit separatus ab anima intellectuali. Ergo in illo triduo
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3396 filius Dei fuit homo.</p>
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3397 <p title="III q. 50 a. 4 arg. 3"><a name="49135"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3398 "ref">[49135] III&ordf; q. 50 a. 4 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3399 omnis sacerdos est homo. Sed in illo triduo mortis Christus fuit
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3400 sacerdos, aliter enim non verum esset quod dicitur in Psalmo, <i>tu
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3401 es sacerdos in aeternum</i>. Ergo Christus in illo triduo fuit
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3402 homo.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3403 <p title="III q. 50 a. 4 s. c."><a name="49136"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3404 "ref">[49136] III&ordf; q. 50 a. 4 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3405 remoto superiori, removetur inferius. Sed vivum, sive animatum, est
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3406 superius ad animal et ad hominem, nam animal est substantia animata
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3407 sensibilis. Sed in illo triduo mortis corpus Christi non fuit vivum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3408 neque animatum. Ergo non fuit homo.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3409 <p title="III q. 50 a. 4 co."><a name="49137"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3410 "ref">[49137] III&ordf; q. 50 a. 4 co.</span></a> Respondeo
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3411 dicendum quod Christum vere fuisse mortuum est articulus fidei.
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3412 Unde asserere omne id per quod tollitur veritas mortis Christi, est
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3413 error contra fidem. Propter quod in epistola synodali Cyrilli
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3414 dicitur, <i>si quis non confitetur Dei verbum passum carne, et
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3415 crucifixum carne, et quod mortem gustavit carne, anathema sit</i>.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3416 Pertinet autem ad veritatem mortis hominis vel animalis quod per
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3417 mortem desinat esse homo vel animal, mors enim hominis vel animalis
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3418 provenit ex separatione animae, quae complet rationem animalis vel
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3419 hominis. Et ideo dicere Christum in triduo mortis hominem fuisse,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3420 simpliciter et absolute loquendo, erroneum est. Potest tamen dici
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3421 quod Christus in triduo fuit homo mortuus. Quidam tamen confessi
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3422 sunt Christum in triduo hominem fuisse, dicentes quidem verba
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3423 erronea, sed sensum erroris non habentes in fide, sicut Hugo de
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3424 sancto Victore, qui ea ratione dixit Christum in triduo mortis
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3425 fuisse hominem, quia dicebat animam esse hominem. Quod tamen est
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3426 falsum, ut in prima parte ostensum est. Magister etiam
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3427 sententiarum, in XXII distinctione III libri, posuit quod Christus
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3428 in triduo mortis fuit homo, alia ratione, quia credidit quod unio
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3429 animae et carnis non esset de ratione hominis, sed sufficit ad hoc
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3430 quod aliquid sit homo, quod habeat animam humanam et corpus, sive
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3431 coniuncta sive non coniuncta. Quod etiam patet esse falsum ex his
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3432 quae dicta sunt in prima parte, et ex his quae dicta sunt circa
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3433 modum unionis.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3434 <p title="III q. 50 a. 4 ad 1"><a name="49138"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3435 "ref">[49138] III&ordf; q. 50 a. 4 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3436 dicendum quod verbum Dei suscepit animam et carnem unitam, et ideo
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3437 illa susceptio fecit Deum hominem et hominem Deum. Non autem
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3438 cessavit illa susceptio per separationem verbi ab anima vel a
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3439 carne, cessavit tamen unio carnis et animae.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3440 <p title="III q. 50 a. 4 ad 2"><a name="49139"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3441 "ref">[49139] III&ordf; q. 50 a. 4 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3442 dicendum quod homo dicitur esse suus intellectus, non quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3443 intellectus sit totus homo, sed quia intellectus est principalior
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3444 pars hominis, in quo virtualiter existit tota dispositio hominis,
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3445 sicut si rector civitatis dicatur tota civitas, quia in eo
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3446 consistit tota dispositio civitatis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3447 <p title="III q. 50 a. 4 ad 3"><a name="49140"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3448 "ref">[49140] III&ordf; q. 50 a. 4 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3449 dicendum quod esse sacerdotem convenit homini ratione animae, in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3450 qua est ordinis character. Unde per mortem homo non perdit ordinem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3451 sacerdotalem. Et multo minus Christus, qui est totius sacerdotii
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3452 origo.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3453 <br />
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3454 <div class="E">Articulus 5</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3455 <p title="III q. 50 a. 5 arg. 1"><a name="49141"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3456 "ref">[49141] III&ordf; q. 50 a. 5 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quintum sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3457 proceditur. Videtur quod non fuit idem numero corpus Christi
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3458 viventis et mortui. Christus enim vere mortuus fuit, sicut et alii
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3459 homines moriuntur. Sed corpus cuiuscumque alterius hominis non est
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3460 simpliciter idem numero mortuum et vivum quia differunt essentiali
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3461 differentia. Ergo neque corpus Christi est idem numero mortuum et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3462 vivum simpliciter.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3463 <p title="III q. 50 a. 5 arg. 2"><a name="49142"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3464 "ref">[49142] III&ordf; q. 50 a. 5 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3465 secundum philosophum, in V Metaphys., quaecumque sunt diversa
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3466 specie, sunt diversa etiam numero. Sed corpus Christi vivum et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3467 mortuum fuit diversum specie, quia non dicitur oculus aut caro
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3468 mortui nisi aequivoce, ut patet per philosophum, et in II de anima
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3469 et VII Metaphys. Ergo corpus Christi non fuit simpliciter idem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3470 numero vivum et mortuum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3471 <p title="III q. 50 a. 5 arg. 3"><a name="49143"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3472 "ref">[49143] III&ordf; q. 50 a. 5 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3473 mors est corruptio quaedam. Sed illud quod corrumpitur corruptione
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3474 substantiali, postquam corruptum est, iam non est, quia corruptio
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3475 est mutatio de esse in non esse. Corpus igitur Christi, postquam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3476 mortuum fuit, non remansit idem numero, cum mors sit substantialis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3477 corruptio.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3478 <p title="III q. 50 a. 5 s. c."><a name="49144"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3479 "ref">[49144] III&ordf; q. 50 a. 5 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3480 quod Athanasius dicit, in epistola ad Epictetum, <i>circumciso
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3481 corpore, et potato et manducante et laborante, et in ligno affixo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3482 erat impassibile et incorporeum Dei verbum, hoc erat in sepulcro
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3483 positum</i>. Sed corpus Christi vivum fuit circumcisum et in ligno
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3484 affixum, corpus autem Christi mortuum fuit positum in sepulcro.
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3485 Ergo hoc idem corpus quod fuit vivum, fuit et mortuum.</p>
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3486 <p title="III q. 50 a. 5 co."><a name="49145"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3487 "ref">[49145] III&ordf; q. 50 a. 5 co.</span></a> Respondeo
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3488 dicendum quod hoc quod dico simpliciter, potest dupliciter accipi.
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3489 Uno modo, quod simpliciter idem est quod absolute, sicut
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3490 <i>simpliciter dicitur quod nullo addito dicitur</i>, ut
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3491 philosophus dicit. Et hoc modo corpus Christi mortuum et vivum
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3492 simpliciter fuit idem numero. Dicitur enim aliquid esse idem numero
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3493 simpliciter, quia est supposito idem. Corpus autem Christi vivum et
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3494 mortuum fuit supposito idem, quia non habuit aliam hypostasim vivum
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3495 et mortuum, praeter hypostasim Dei verbi, ut supra dictum est. Et
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3496 hoc modo loquitur Athanasius in auctoritate inducta. Alio modo,
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3497 simpliciter idem est quod omnino vel totaliter. Et sic corpus
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3498 Christi mortuum et vivum non fuit simpliciter idem numero. Quia non
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3499 fuit totaliter idem, cum vita sit aliquid de essentia corporis
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3500 viventis, est enim praedicatum essentiale, non accidentale; unde
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3501 consequens est quod corpus quod desinit esse vivum, non totaliter
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3502 idem remaneat. Si autem diceretur quod corpus Christi mortuum
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3503 totaliter idem remaneret, sequeretur quod non esset corruptum,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3504 corruptione dico mortis. Quod est haeresis Gaianitarum, ut Isidorus
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3505 dicit, et habetur in decretis, XXIV, qu. III. Et Damascenus dicit,
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3506 in III libro quod <i>corruptionis nomen duo significat, uno modo,
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3507 separationem animae a corpore, et alia huiusmodi; alio modo,
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3508 perfectam dissolutionem in elementa. Ergo incorruptibile dicere
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3509 corpus domini, secundum Iulianum et Gaianum, secundum primum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3510 corruptionis modum, ante resurrectionem, est impium, quia corpus
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3511 Christi non esset consubstantiale nobis; nec in veritate mortuum
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3512 esset; nec secundum veritatem salvati essemus. Secundo autem modo,
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3513 corpus Christi fuit incorruptum</i>.</p>
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3514 <p title="III q. 50 a. 5 ad 1"><a name="49146"><span class=
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3515 "ref">[49146] III&ordf; q. 50 a. 5 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3516 dicendum quod corpus mortuum cuiuscumque alterius hominis non
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3517 remanet unitum alicui hypostasi permanenti, sicut corpus mortuum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3518 Christi. Et ideo corpus mortuum cuiuscumque alterius hominis non
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3519 est idem simpliciter, sed secundum quid, quia est idem secundum
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3520 materiam, non autem idem secundum formam. Corpus autem Christi
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3521 remanet idem simpliciter, propter identitatem suppositi, ut dictum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3522 est.</p>
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3523 <p title="III q. 50 a. 5 ad 2"><a name="49147"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3524 "ref">[49147] III&ordf; q. 50 a. 5 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3525 dicendum quod, quia idem numero dicitur aliquid secundum
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3526 suppositum, idem autem specie est idem secundum formam, ubicumque
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3527 suppositum subsistit in una sola natura, oportet quod, sublata
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3528 unitate speciei, auferatur unitas numeralis. Sed hypostasis verbi
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3529 Dei subsistit in duabus naturis. Et ideo, quamvis in aliis non
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3530 remaneat corpus idem secundum speciem humanae naturae, remanet
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3531 tamen in Christo idem numero secundum suppositum verbi Dei.</p>
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3532 <p title="III q. 50 a. 5 ad 3"><a name="49148"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3533 "ref">[49148] III&ordf; q. 50 a. 5 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3534 dicendum quod corruptio et mors non competit Christo ratione
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3535 suppositi, secundum quod suppositum attenditur unitas numeralis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3536 sed ratione naturae humanae, secundum quam invenitur in corpore
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3537 Christi differentia mortis et vitae.</p>
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3538 <br />
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3539 <div class="E">Articulus 6</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3540 <p title="III q. 50 a. 6 arg. 1"><a name="49149"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3541 "ref">[49149] III&ordf; q. 50 a. 6 arg. 1</span></a> Ad sextum sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3542 proceditur. Videtur quod mors Christi nihil operata fuerit ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3543 nostram salutem. Mors enim est privatio quaedam, est enim privatio
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3544 vitae. Sed privatio, cum non sit res aliqua, non habet aliquam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3545 virtutem agendi. Ergo non potuit aliquid operari ad nostram
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3546 salutem.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3547 <p title="III q. 50 a. 6 arg. 2"><a name="49150"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3548 "ref">[49150] III&ordf; q. 50 a. 6 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3549 passio Christi operata est ad nostram salutem per modum meriti. Sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3550 autem non potuit operari mors Christi, nam in morte separatur anima
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3551 a corpore, quae est merendi principium. Ergo mors Christi non est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3552 operata aliquid ad nostram salutem.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3553 <p title="III q. 50 a. 6 arg. 3"><a name="49151"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3554 "ref">[49151] III&ordf; q. 50 a. 6 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3555 corporale non est causa spiritualis. Sed mors Christi fuit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3556 corporalis. Non ergo potuit esse causa spiritualis nostrae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3557 salutis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3558 <p title="III q. 50 a. 6 s. c."><a name="49152"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3559 "ref">[49152] III&ordf; q. 50 a. 6 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3560 quod Augustinus dicit, in IV de Trin., una mors nostri salvatoris,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3561 scilicet corporalis, duabus mortibus nostris, idest animae et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3562 corporis, saluti fuit.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3563 <p title="III q. 50 a. 6 co."><a name="49153"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3564 "ref">[49153] III&ordf; q. 50 a. 6 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3565 dicendum quod de morte Christi dupliciter loqui possumus, uno modo,
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3566 secundum quod est in fieri; alio modo, secundum quod est in facto
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3567 esse. Dicitur autem mors esse in fieri, quando aliquis per aliquam
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3568 passionem, vel naturalem vel violentam, tendit in mortem. Et hoc
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3569 modo, idem est loqui de morte Christi et de passione ipsius. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3570 ita, secundum hunc modum, mors Christi est causa salutis nostrae,
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3571 secundum illud quod de passione supra dictum est. Sed in facto esse
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3572 mors consideratur secundum quod iam facta est separatio corporis et
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3573 animae. Et sic nunc loquimur de morte Christi. Hoc autem modo mors
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3574 Christi non potest esse causa salutis nostrae per modum meriti, sed
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3575 solum per modum efficientiae, inquantum scilicet nec per mortem
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3576 divinitas separata est a carne Christi, et ideo quidquid contigit
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3577 circa carnem Christi, etiam anima separata, fuit nobis salutiferum
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3578 virtute divinitatis unitae. Consideratur autem proprie alicuius
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3579 causae effectus secundum similitudinem causae. Unde, quia mors est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3580 quaedam privatio vitae propriae, effectus mortis Christi attenditur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3581 circa remotionem eorum quae contrariantur nostrae saluti, quae
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3582 quidem sunt mors animae et mors corporis. Et ideo per mortem
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3583 Christi dicitur esse destructa in nobis et mors animae, quae est
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3584 per peccatum, secundum illud Rom. IV, traditus est, scilicet in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3585 mortem, propter delicta nostra; et mors corporis, quae consistit in
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3586 separatione animae, secundum illud I Cor. XV, <i>absorpta est mors
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3587 in victoria</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3588 <p title="III q. 50 a. 6 ad 1"><a name="49154"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3589 "ref">[49154] III&ordf; q. 50 a. 6 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3590 dicendum quod mors Christi est operata salutem nostram ex virtute
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3591 divinitatis unitae, et non ex sola ratione mortis.</p>
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3592 <p title="III q. 50 a. 6 ad 2"><a name="49155"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3593 "ref">[49155] III&ordf; q. 50 a. 6 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3594 dicendum quod mors Christi, secundum quod consideratur in facto
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3595 esse, etsi non fuerit ad nostram salutem operata per modum meriti,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3596 fuit tamen operata per modum efficientiae, ut dictum est.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3597 <p title="III q. 50 a. 6 ad 3"><a name="49156"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3598 "ref">[49156] III&ordf; q. 50 a. 6 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3599 dicendum quod mors Christi fuit quidem corporalis, sed corpus illud
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3600 fuit instrumentum divinitatis sibi unitae, operans in virtute eius
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3601 etiam mortuum.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3602 <br />
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3603 <div class="D">Quaestio 51</div>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3604 <div class="G">Prooemium</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3605 <p title="III q. 51 pr."><a name="49157"><span class="ref">[49157]
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3606 III&ordf; q. 51 pr.</span></a> Deinde considerandum est de
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3607 sepultura Christi. Et circa hoc quaeruntur quatuor. Primo, utrum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3608 conveniens fuerit Christum sepeliri. Secundo, de modo sepulturae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3609 eius. Tertio, utrum corpus eius fuerit in sepulcro resolutum.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3610 Quarto, de tempore quo iacuit in sepulcro.</p>
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3611 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3612 <div class="E">Articulus 1</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3613 <p title="III q. 51 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="49158"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3614 "ref">[49158] III&ordf; q. 51 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad primum sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3615 proceditur. Videtur quod non fuerit conveniens Christum sepeliri.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3616 De Christo enim dicitur in Psalmo, <i>factus est sicut homo sine
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3617 adiutorio, inter mortuos liber</i>. Sed in sepulcro includuntur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3618 corpora mortuorum, quod videtur libertati esse contrarium. Ergo non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3619 videtur fuisse conveniens quod corpus Christi sepeliretur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3620 <p title="III q. 51 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="49159"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3621 "ref">[49159] III&ordf; q. 51 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3622 nihil circa Christum fieri debuit quod non esset salutiferum nobis.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3623 Sed in nullo videtur ad salutem hominum pertinere quod Christus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3624 fuit sepultus. Ergo non fuit conveniens Christum sepeliri.</p>
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3625 <p title="III q. 51 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="49160"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3626 "ref">[49160] III&ordf; q. 51 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3627 inconveniens esse videtur quod Deus, qui est super caelos excelsos,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3628 in terra sepeliretur. Sed illud quod convenit corpori Christi
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3629 mortuo, attribuitur Deo, ratione unionis. Ergo inconveniens videtur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3630 Christum fuisse sepultum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3631 <p title="III q. 51 a. 1 s. c."><a name="49161"><span class=
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3632 "ref">[49161] III&ordf; q. 51 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3633 quod dominus dicit, Matth. XXVI, de muliere quae eum inunxit,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3634 <i>opus bonum operata est in me</i>, et postea subdit, <i>mittens
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3635 unguentum hoc in corpus meum, ad sepeliendum me fecit</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3636 <p title="III q. 51 a. 1 co."><a name="49162"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3637 "ref">[49162] III&ordf; q. 51 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3638 dicendum quod conveniens fuit Christum sepeliri. Primo quidem, ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3639 comprobandum veritatem mortis, non enim aliquis in sepulcro
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3640 ponitur, nisi quando iam de veritate mortis constat. Unde et Marci
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3641 XV legitur quod Pilatus, antequam concederet Christum sepeliri,
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3642 diligenti inquisitione cognovit eum mortuum esse. Secundo, quia per
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3643 hoc quod Christus de sepulcro resurrexit, datur spes resurgendi per
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3644 ipsum his qui sunt in sepulcro, secundum illud Ioan. V, <i>omnes
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3645 qui in monumentis sunt, audient vocem filii Dei, et qui audierint,
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3646 vivent</i>. Tertio, ad exemplum eorum qui per mortem Christi
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3647 spiritualiter moriuntur peccatis, qui scilicet absconduntur a
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3648 conturbatione hominum. Unde dicitur Coloss. III, <i>mortui estis,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3649 et vita vestra abscondita est cum Christo in Deo</i>. Unde et
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3650 baptizati, qui per mortem Christi moriuntur peccatis, quasi
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3651 consepeliuntur Christo per immersionem, secundum illud Rom. VI,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3652 <i>consepulti sumus cum Christo per Baptismum in mortem</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3653 <p title="III q. 51 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="49163"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3654 "ref">[49163] III&ordf; q. 51 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3655 dicendum quod Christus etiam sepultus ostendit se inter mortuos
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3656 liberum fuisse, in hoc quod per inclusionem sepulcri non potuit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3657 impediri quin ab eo resurgendo exiverit.</p>
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3658 <p title="III q. 51 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="49164"><span class=
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3659 "ref">[49164] III&ordf; q. 51 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3660 dicendum quod, sicut Christi mors efficienter operata est nostram
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3661 salutem, ita etiam et eius sepultura. Unde Hieronymus dicit, super
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3662 Marc., <i>sepultura Christi resurgimus</i>. Et Isaiae LIII, super
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3663 illud, <i>dabit impios pro sepultura</i>, dicit Glossa, <i>idest,
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3664 gentes, quae sine pietate erant, Deo patrique dabit, quia mortuus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3665 et sepultus eos acquisivit</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3666 <p title="III q. 51 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="49165"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3667 "ref">[49165] III&ordf; q. 51 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3668 dicendum quod, sicut dicitur in quodam sermone Concilii Ephesini,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3669 <i>nihil horum quae salvant homines, iniuriam Deo facit, quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3670 ostendunt eum, non passibilem, sed clementem</i>. Et in alio
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3671 sermone eiusdem Concilii legitur, <i>nihil putat iniuriam Deus quod
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3672 est occasio salutis hominibus. Tu quidem non ita vilem Dei naturam
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3673 arbitreris, tanquam quae aliquando subiecta possit esse
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3674 iniuriis</i>.</p>
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3675 <br />
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3676 <div class="E">Articulus 2</div>
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3677 <p title="III q. 51 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="49166"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3678 "ref">[49166] III&ordf; q. 51 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad secundum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3679 sic proceditur. Videtur non convenienti modo Christum fuisse
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3680 sepultum. Sepultura enim eius respondet morti ipsius. Sed Christus
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3681 fuit passus mortem abiectissimam, secundum illud Sap. II, <i>morte
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3682 turpissima condemnemus eum</i>. Ergo inconveniens videtur fuisse
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3683 quod Christo exhibita fuit honorabilis sepultura, inquantum a
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3684 magnatibus fuit tumulatus, scilicet a Ioseph ab Arimathaea, qui
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3685 erat nobilis decurio, ut habetur Marci XV, et a Nicodemo, qui erat
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3686 princeps Iudaeorum, ut habetur Ioan. III.</p>
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3687 <p title="III q. 51 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="49167"><span class=
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3688 "ref">[49167] III&ordf; q. 51 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3689 circa Christum non debuit aliquid fieri quod esset superfluitatis
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3690 exemplum. Videtur autem superfluitatis fuisse quod ad sepeliendum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3691 Christum <i>Nicodemus venit ferens mixturam myrrhae et aloes quasi
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3692 libras centum</i>, ut dicitur Ioan. XIX, <i>praesertim cum mulier
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3693 praevenerit corpus eius ungere in sepulturam</i>, ut dicitur Marci
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3694 XIV. Non ergo fuit hoc convenienter circa Christum factum.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3695 <p title="III q. 51 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="49168"><span class=
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3696 "ref">[49168] III&ordf; q. 51 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea, non
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3697 est conveniens ut aliquod factum sibi ipsi dissonum sit. Sed
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3698 sepultura Christi fuit simplex ex una parte, quia scilicet
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3699 <i>Ioseph involvit corpus eius in sindone munda</i>, ut dicitur
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3700 Matth. XXVII, non autem auro aut gemmis aut serico, ut Hieronymus
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3701 ibidem dicit, ex alia vero parte videtur fuisse ambitiosa,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3702 inquantum eum cum aromatibus sepelierunt. Ergo videtur non fuisse
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3703 conveniens modus sepulturae Christi.</p>
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3704 <p title="III q. 51 a. 2 arg. 4"><a name="49169"><span class=
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3705 "ref">[49169] III&ordf; q. 51 a. 2 arg. 4</span></a> Praeterea,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3706 quaecumque scripta sunt, et praecipue de Christo, <i>ad nostram
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3707 doctrinam scripta sunt</i>, ut dicitur Rom. XV. Sed quaedam
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3708 scribuntur in Evangeliis circa sepulcrum quae in nullo videntur ad
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3709 nostram doctrinam pertinere, sicut quod fuit sepultus in horto,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3710 quod in monumento alieno, et novo, et exciso in petra. Inconveniens
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3711 igitur fuit modus sepulturae Christi.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3712 <p title="III q. 51 a. 2 s. c."><a name="49170"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3713 "ref">[49170] III&ordf; q. 51 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3714 quod dicitur Isaiae XI, <i>et erit sepulcrum eius
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3715 gloriosum</i>.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3716 <p title="III q. 51 a. 2 co."><a name="49171"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3717 "ref">[49171] III&ordf; q. 51 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3718 dicendum quod modus sepulturae Christi ostenditur esse conveniens
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3719 quantum ad tria. Primo quidem, quantum ad confirmandam fidem mortis
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3720 et resurrectionis ipsius. Secundo, ad commendandam pietatem eorum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3721 qui eum sepelierunt. Unde Augustinus dicit, in I de Civ. Dei,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3722 <i>laudabiliter commemorantur in Evangelio qui corpus eius, de
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3723 cruce acceptum, diligenter atque honorifice tegendum sepeliendumque
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3724 curarunt</i>. Tertio, quantum ad mysterium, per quod informantur
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3725 illi qui <i>Christo consepeliuntur in mortem</i>.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3726 <p title="III q. 51 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="49172"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3727 "ref">[49172] III&ordf; q. 51 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3728 dicendum quod, circa mortem Christi, commendantur patientia et
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3729 constantia ipsius qui mortem est passus, et tanto magis, quanto
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3730 mors fuit abiectior. Sed in sepultura honorifica consideratur
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3731 virtus morientis, qui, contra intentionem occidentium, etiam
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3732 mortuus honorifice sepelitur, et praefiguratur devotio fidelium,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3733 qui erant Christo mortuo servituri.</p>
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3734 <p title="III q. 51 a. 2 ad 2"><a name="49173"><span class=
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3735 "ref">[49173] III&ordf; q. 51 a. 2 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3736 dicendum quod in hoc quod Evangelista dicit quod sepelierunt eum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3737 sicut mos est Iudaeis sepelire, sicut Augustinus dicit, super
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3738 Ioan., <i>admonuit in huiusmodi officiis quae mortuis exhibentur,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3739 morem cuiusque gentis esse servandum. Erat autem illius gentis
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3740 consuetudo ut mortuorum corpora variis aromatibus condirentur, ut
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3741 diutius servarentur illaesa</i>. Unde et in III de Doct. Christ.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3742 dicitur quod <i>in omnibus talibus non usus rerum, sed libido
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3743 utentis in culpa est</i>. Et postea subdit, <i>quod in aliis
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3744 personis plerumque flagitium est, in divina vel prophetica persona
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3745 magnae cuiusdam rei signum est</i>. Myrrha enim et aloes, propter
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3746 sui amaritudinem, significant poenitentiam, per quam aliquis in
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3747 seipso Christum conservat absque corruptione peccati. Odor autem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3748 aromatum significat bonam famam.</p>
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3749 <p title="III q. 51 a. 2 ad 3"><a name="49174"><span class=
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3750 "ref">[49174] III&ordf; q. 51 a. 2 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3751 dicendum quod myrrha et aloes adhibebantur corpori Christi ut
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3752 immune a corruptione servaretur, quod videbatur ad quandam
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3753 necessitatem pertinere. Unde datur nobis exemplum ut licite
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3754 possimus aliquibus pretiosis uti medicinaliter pro necessitate
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3755 nostri corporis conservandi. Sed involutio corporis pertinebat ad
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3756 solam quandam decentiam honestatis. Et in talibus, simplicibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3757 debemus esse contenti. Per hoc tamen significabatur, ut Hieronymus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3758 dicit, quod ille <i>in sindone munda involvit Iesum, qui mente pura
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3759 eum susceperit</i>. Et hinc, ut Beda dicit, super Marc.,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3760 <i>Ecclesiae mos obtinuit ut sacrificium altaris non in serico
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3761 neque in panno tincto, sed in lino terreno celebretur, sicut corpus
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3762 domini est in sindone munda sepultum</i>.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3763 <p title="III q. 51 a. 2 ad 4"><a name="49175"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3764 "ref">[49175] III&ordf; q. 51 a. 2 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3765 dicendum quod Christus sepelitur in horto, ad significandum quod
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3766 per mortem et sepulturam ipsius liberamur a morte, quam incurrimus
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3767 per peccatum Adae in horto Paradisi commissum. Ideo autem salvator
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3768 in aliena ponitur sepultura, ut Augustinus dicit, in quodam
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3769 sermone, <i>quia pro aliorum moriebatur salute, sepulcrum autem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3770 mortis</i> est habitaculum. Per hoc etiam considerari potest
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3771 paupertatis abundantia pro nobis susceptae. Nam qui domum in vita
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3772 non habuit, post mortem quoque in alieno sepulcro reconditur, et
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3773 nudus existens a Ioseph operitur. In novo autem ponitur monumento,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3774 ut Hieronymus dicit, <i>ne, post resurrectionem, ceteris corporibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3775 remanentibus, surrexisse alius fingeretur. Potest autem et novum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3776 sepulcrum Mariae virginalem uterum demonstrare</i>. Per hoc etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3777 datur intelligi quod per Christi sepulturam omnes innovamur, morte
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3778 et corruptione destructa. In monumento autem deciso in petra
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3779 conditus est, ut Hieronymus dicit, <i>ne, si ex multis lapidibus
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3780 aedificatum fuisset, tumuli fundamentis suffossis, sublatus furto
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3781 diceretur. Unde et saxum magnum quod appositum fuit, ostendit non
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3782 absque auxilio plurimorum sepulcrum potuisse reserari. Si etiam
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3783 sepultus fuisset in terra, dicere poterant, suffoderunt terram, et
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3784 furati sunt eum</i>, sicut Augustinus dicit. Significatur autem
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3785 mystice per hoc, ut Hilarius dicit, quod <i>per apostolorum
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3786 doctrinam in pectus duritiae gentilis, quodam doctrinae opere
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3787 excisum, Christus infertur, rude scilicet ac novum, nullo antea
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3788 ingressu timori Dei pervium. Et quia nihil oporteat praeter eum in
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3789 pectora nostra penetrare, lapis ostio advolvitur</i>. Et, sicut
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3790 Origenes dicit, <i>non fortuito scriptum est, Ioseph involvit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3791 corpus Christi sindone munda, et posuit in monumento novo, et quod
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3792 advolvit lapidem magnum, quia omnia quae sunt circa corpus Iesu,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3793 munda sunt, et nova, et valde magna</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3794 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3795 <div class="E">Articulus 3</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3796 <p title="III q. 51 a. 3 arg. 1"><a name="49176"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3797 "ref">[49176] III&ordf; q. 51 a. 3 arg. 1</span></a> Ad tertium sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3798 proceditur. Videtur quod corpus Christi in sepulcro fuerit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3799 incineratum. Sicut enim mors est poena peccati primi parentis, ita
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3800 etiam incineratio, dictum est enim primo homini post peccatum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3801 <i>pulvis es, et in pulverem reverteris</i>, ut dicitur Gen. III.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3802 Sed Christus mortem sustinuit ut nos a morte liberaret. Ergo etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3803 incinerari debuit corpus eius, ut nos ab incineratione
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3804 liberaret.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3805 <p title="III q. 51 a. 3 arg. 2"><a name="49177"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3806 "ref">[49177] III&ordf; q. 51 a. 3 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3807 corpus Christi fuit eiusdem naturae cum corporibus nostris. Sed
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3808 corpora nostra statim post mortem resolvi incipiunt et ad
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3809 putrefactionem disponuntur, quia, exhalante calido naturali,
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3810 supervenit calor extraneus, qui putrefactionem causat. Ergo videtur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3811 quod similiter in corpore Christi acciderit.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3812 <p title="III q. 51 a. 3 arg. 3"><a name="49178"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3813 "ref">[49178] III&ordf; q. 51 a. 3 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3814 sicut dictum est, Christus sepeliri voluit ut daret hominibus spem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3815 resurgendi etiam de sepulcris. Ergo etiam incinerationem pati
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3816 debuit, ut spem resurgendi incineratis post incinerationem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3817 daret.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3818 <p title="III q. 51 a. 3 s. c."><a name="49179"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3819 "ref">[49179] III&ordf; q. 51 a. 3 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3820 quod in Psalmo dicitur, <i>non dabis sanctum tuum videre
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3821 corruptionem</i>, quod Damascenus exponit, in III libro, de
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3822 corruptione quae est per resolutionem in elementa.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3823 <p title="III q. 51 a. 3 co."><a name="49180"><span class=
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3824 "ref">[49180] III&ordf; q. 51 a. 3 co.</span></a> Respondeo
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3825 dicendum quod non fuit conveniens corpus Christi putrefieri, vel
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3826 quocumque modo incinerari. Quia putrefactio cuiuscumque corporis
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3827 provenit ex infirmitate naturae illius corporis, quae non potest
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3828 amplius corpus continere in unum. Mors autem Christi, sicut supra
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3829 dictum est, non debuit esse cum infirmitate naturae, ne crederetur
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3830 non esse voluntaria. Et ideo non ex morbo, sed ex passione illata
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3831 voluit mori, cui se obtulit sponte. Et ideo Christus, ne mors eius
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3832 naturae infirmitati adscriberetur, noluit corpus suum
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3833 qualitercumque putrefieri, aut qualitercumque resolvi, sed, ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3834 ostensionem virtutis divinae, voluit corpus illud incorruptum
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3835 permanere. Unde Chrysostomus dicit quod, <i>viventibus aliis
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3836 hominibus, his scilicet qui egerunt strenue, arrident propria
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3837 gesta, his autem pereuntibus, pereunt. Sed in Christo est totum
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3838 contrarium, nam ante crucem, omnia sunt maesta et infirma; ut autem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3839 crucifixus est, omnia clariora sunt facta, ut noscas non purum
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3840 hominem crucifixum</i>.</p>
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3841 <p title="III q. 51 a. 3 ad 1"><a name="49181"><span class=
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3842 "ref">[49181] III&ordf; q. 51 a. 3 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3843 dicendum quod Christus, cum non esset subiectus peccato, neque
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3844 morti erat obnoxius neque incinerationi. Voluntarie tamen mortem
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3845 sustinuit propter nostram salutem, propter rationes supra dictas.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3846 Si autem corpus eius fuisset putrefactum vel resolutum, magis hoc
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3847 fuisset in detrimentum humanae salutis, dum non crederetur in eo
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3848 esse virtus divina. Unde ex persona eius in Psalmo dicitur, <i>quae
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3849 utilitas in sanguine meo dum descendo in corruptionem?</i> Quasi
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3850 dicat, <i>si corpus meum putrescat, perdetur effusi sanguinis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3851 utilitas</i>.</p>
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3852 <p title="III q. 51 a. 3 ad 2"><a name="49182"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3853 "ref">[49182] III&ordf; q. 51 a. 3 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3854 dicendum quod corpus Christi, quantum ad conditionem naturae
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3855 passibilis, putrefactibile fuit, licet non quantum ad meritum
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3856 putrefactionis, quod est peccatum. Sed virtus divina corpus Christi
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3857 a putrefactione reservavit, sicut et resuscitavit a morte.</p>
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3858 <p title="III q. 51 a. 3 ad 3"><a name="49183"><span class=
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3859 "ref">[49183] III&ordf; q. 51 a. 3 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3860 dicendum quod Christus de sepulcro resurrexit virtute divina, quae
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3861 nullis terminis coarctatur. Et ideo hoc quod a sepulcro surrexit,
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3862 sufficiens argumentum fuit quod homines erant resuscitandi virtute
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3863 divina non solum de sepulcris, sed etiam de quibuscumque
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3864 cineribus.</p>
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3865 <br />
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3866 <div class="E">Articulus 4</div>
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3867 <p title="III q. 51 a. 4 arg. 1"><a name="49184"><span class=
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3868 "ref">[49184] III&ordf; q. 51 a. 4 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quartum sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3869 proceditur. Videtur quod Christus non fuerit in sepulcro solum una
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3870 die et duabus noctibus. Dicit enim ipse, Matth. XII, <i>sicut fuit
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3871 Ionas in ventre ceti tribus diebus et tribus noctibus, ita filius
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3872 hominis erit in corde terrae tribus diebus et tribus noctibus</i>.
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3873 Sed in corde terrae fuit in sepulcro existens. Non ergo fuit in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3874 sepulcro solum una die et duabus noctibus.</p>
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3875 <p title="III q. 51 a. 4 arg. 2"><a name="49185"><span class=
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3876 "ref">[49185] III&ordf; q. 51 a. 4 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3877 Gregorius dicit, in homilia paschali, quod <i>sicut Samson abstulit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3878 media nocte portas Gazae, ita Christus media nocte, auferens portas
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3879 Inferni, resurrexit</i>. Sed postquam resurrexit, non fuit in
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3880 sepulcro. Ergo non fuit in sepulcro duabus noctibus integris.</p>
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3881 <p title="III q. 51 a. 4 arg. 3"><a name="49186"><span class=
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3882 "ref">[49186] III&ordf; q. 51 a. 4 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea, per
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3883 mortem Christi lux praevaluit tenebris. Sed nox ad tenebras
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3884 pertinet, dies autem ad lucem. Ergo convenientius fuit quod corpus
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3885 Christi fuerit in sepulcro duabus diebus et una nocte, quam e
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3886 converso.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3887 <p title="III q. 51 a. 4 s. c."><a name="49187"><span class=
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3888 "ref">[49187] III&ordf; q. 51 a. 4 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3889 quod, sicut Augustinus dicit, in IV de Trin., <i>a vespere
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3890 sepulturae usque ad diluculum resurrectionis triginta sex horae
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3891 sunt, idest, nox tota cum die tota et nocte tota</i>.</p>
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3892 <p title="III q. 51 a. 4 co."><a name="49188"><span class=
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3893 "ref">[49188] III&ordf; q. 51 a. 4 co.</span></a> Respondeo
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3894 dicendum quod ipsum tempus quo Christus in sepulcro mansit,
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3895 effectum mortis eius repraesentat. Dictum est enim supra quod per
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3896 mortem Christi liberati sumus a duplici morte, scilicet a morte
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3897 animae et a morte corporis. Et hoc significatur per duas noctes
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3898 quibus Christus in sepulcro permansit. Mors autem eius, quia non
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3899 fuit ex peccato proveniens sed ex caritate suscepta, non habuit
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3900 rationem noctis, sed diei. Et ideo significatur per diem integram
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3901 qua Christus fuit in sepulcro. Et sic conveniens fuit quod Christus
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3902 una die et duabus noctibus esset in sepulcro.</p>
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3903 <p title="III q. 51 a. 4 ad 1"><a name="49189"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3904 "ref">[49189] III&ordf; q. 51 a. 4 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3905 dicendum quod, sicut Augustinus dicit, in libro de consensu Evang.,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3906 <i>quidam, modum Scripturae nescientes, noctem voluerunt
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3907 animadvertere tres illas horas, a sexta usque ad nonam, quibus sol
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3908 obscuratus est; et diem, tres horas alias quibus iterum terris est
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3909 redditus, idest a nona usque ad eius occasum. Sequitur enim nox
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3910 futura sabbati, qua cum suo die computata, erunt iam duae noctes et
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3911 duo dies. Post sabbatum autem, sequitur nox primae sabbati, idest
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3912 illucescentis diei dominici, in qua tunc dominus resurrexit. Et ita
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3913 adhuc non constabit ratio trium dierum et trium noctium. Restat
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3914 ergo ut hoc inveniatur illo Scripturarum usitato loquendi modo quo
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3915 a parte totum intelligitur</i>, ita scilicet quod unam noctem et
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3916 unam diem accipiamus pro uno die naturali. Et sic primus dies
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3917 computatur ab extrema parte sui, qua Christus in sexta feria est
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3918 mortuus et sepultus; secunda autem dies est integra cum viginti
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3919 quatuor horis nocturnis et diurnis; nox autem sequens pertinet ad
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3920 tertium diem. <i>Sicut enim primi dies, propter futurum hominis
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3921 lapsum, a luce in noctem; ita isti, propter hominis reparationem, a
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3922 tenebris computantur in lucem</i>.</p>
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3923 <p title="III q. 51 a. 4 ad 2"><a name="49190"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3924 "ref">[49190] III&ordf; q. 51 a. 4 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3925 dicendum quod, sicut Augustinus dicit, in IV de Trin., Christus in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3926 diluculo resurrexit, in quo aliquid lucis apparet, et adhuc tamen
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3927 aliquid remanet tenebrarum noctis, unde de mulieribus dicitur,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3928 Ioan. XX, quod <i>cum tenebrae adhuc essent, venerunt ad
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3929 monumentum</i>. Ratione ergo harum tenebrarum, Gregorius dicit
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3930 Christum media nocte surrexisse, non quidem divisa nocte in duas
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3931 partes aequales, sed infra illam noctem. Illud enim diluculum et
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3932 pars noctis et pars diei dici potest, propter communicantiam quam
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3933 habet cum utroque.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3934 <p title="III q. 51 a. 4 ad 3"><a name="49191"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3935 "ref">[49191] III&ordf; q. 51 a. 4 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3936 dicendum quod in tantum lux in morte Christi praevaluit, quod
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3937 significatur per unam diem, quod tenebras duarum noctium, idest
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3938 duplicis mortis nostrae, removit, ut dictum est.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3939 <br />
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3940 <div class="D">Quaestio 52</div>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3941 <div class="G">Prooemium</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3942 <p title="III q. 52 pr."><a name="49192"><span class="ref">[49192]
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3943 III&ordf; q. 52 pr.</span></a> Deinde considerandum est de descensu
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3944 Christi ad Inferos. Et circa hoc quaeruntur octo. Primo, utrum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3945 conveniens fuerit Christum ad Inferos descendere. Secundo, in quem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3946 Infernum descenderit. Tertio, utrum totus fuerit in Inferno.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3947 Quarto, utrum aliquam moram ibi contraxerit. Quinto, utrum sanctos
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3948 patres ab Inferno liberaverit. Sexto, utrum ab Inferno liberaverit
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3949 damnatos. Septimo, utrum liberaverit pueros in peccato originali
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3950 defunctos. Octavo, utrum liberaverit homines de Purgatorio.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3951 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3952 <div class="E">Articulus 1</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3953 <p title="III q. 52 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="49193"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3954 "ref">[49193] III&ordf; q. 52 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad primum sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3955 proceditur. Videtur quod non fuerit conveniens Christum ad Infernum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3956 descendere. Dicit enim Augustinus, in epistola ad Evodium, <i>nec
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3957 ipsos quidem Inferos uspiam Scripturarum in bono appellatos</i>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3958 potui reperire. Sed anima Christi non descendit ad aliquod malum,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3959 quia nec animae iustorum ad aliquod malum descendunt. Ergo videtur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3960 quod non fuerit conveniens Christum ad Inferos descendere.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3961 <p title="III q. 52 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="49194"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3962 "ref">[49194] III&ordf; q. 52 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3963 descendere ad Inferos non potest Christo convenire secundum divinam
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3964 naturam, quae est omnino immobilis, sed solum convenire potest ei
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3965 secundum naturam assumptam. Ea vero quae Christus fecit vel passus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3966 est in natura assumpta, ordinantur ad humanam salutem. Ad quam non
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3967 videtur necessarium fuisse quod Christus descenderit ad Inferos,
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3968 quia per passionem suam, quam in hoc mundo sustinuit, nos liberavit
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3969 a culpa et poena, ut supra dictum est. Non igitur fuit conveniens
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3970 quod Christus ad Infernum descenderet.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3971 <p title="III q. 52 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="49195"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3972 "ref">[49195] III&ordf; q. 52 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea, per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3973 mortem Christi separata est anima a corpore eius, quod quidem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3974 positum fuerat in sepulcro, ut supra habitum est. Non videtur autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3975 quod secundum animam solam ad Infernum descenderit, quia anima, cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3976 sit incorporea, non videtur quod localiter possit moveri; hoc enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3977 est corporum, ut probatur in VI Physic.; descensus autem motum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3978 corporalem importat. Non ergo fuit conveniens quod Christus ad
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3979 Infernum descenderet.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3980 <p title="III q. 52 a. 1 s. c."><a name="49196"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3981 "ref">[49196] III&ordf; q. 52 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3982 quod dicitur in symbolo, <i>descendit ad Inferos</i>. Et apostolus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3983 dicit, Ephes. IV, <i>quod autem ascendit, quid est nisi quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3984 descendit primum ad inferiores partes terrae?</i> Glossa, <i>idest
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3985 ad Inferos</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3986 <p title="III q. 52 a. 1 co."><a name="49197"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3987 "ref">[49197] III&ordf; q. 52 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3988 dicendum quod conveniens fuit Christum ad Infernum descendere.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3989 Primo quidem, quia ipse venerat poenam nostram portare, ut nos a
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3990 poena eriperet, secundum illud Isaiae LIII, <i>vere languores
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3991 nostros ipse tulit, et dolores nostros ipse portavit</i>. Ex
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3992 peccato autem homo incurrerat non solum mortem corporis, sed etiam
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3993 descensum ad Inferos. Et ideo, sicut fuit conveniens eum mori ut
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3994 nos liberaret a morte, ita conveniens fuit eum descendere ad
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3995 Inferos ut nos a descensu ad Inferos liberaret. Unde dicitur Osee
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3996 XIII, <i>ero mors tua, o mors. Ero morsus tuus, Inferne</i>.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3997 Secundo, quia conveniens erat ut, victo Diabolo per passionem,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3998 vinctos eius eriperet, qui detinebantur in Inferno, secundum illud
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3999 Zach. IX, <i>tu quoque in sanguine testamenti tui vinctos tuos
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4000 emisisti de lacu</i>. Et Coloss. II dicitur, <i>exspolians
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4001 principatus et potestates, traduxit confidenter</i>. Tertio ut,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4002 sicut potestatem suam ostendit in terra vivendo et moriendo, ita
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4003 etiam potestatem suam ostenderet in Inferno, ipsum visitando et
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4004 illuminando; unde dicitur in Psalmo, <i>attollite portas,
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4005 principes, vestras</i>, Glossa, <i>idest, principes Inferni,
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4006 auferte potestatem vestram, qua usque nunc homines in Inferno
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4007 detinebatis</i>; et sic in nomine Iesu omne genu flectatur, non
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4008 solum caelestium, sed etiam Infernorum, ut dicitur Philipp. II.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4009 <p title="III q. 52 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="49198"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4010 "ref">[49198] III&ordf; q. 52 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4011 dicendum quod nomen Infernorum sonat in malum poenae, non autem in
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4012 malum culpae. Unde decuit Christum in Infernum descendere, non
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4013 tanquam ipse esset debitor poena, sed ut eos qui erant poenae
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4014 obnoxii, liberaret.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4015 <p title="III q. 52 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="49199"><span class=
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4016 "ref">[49199] III&ordf; q. 52 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4017 dicendum quod passio Christi fuit quaedam causa universalis humanae
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4018 salutis, tam vivorum quam mortuorum. Causa autem universalis
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4019 applicatur ad singulares effectus per aliquid speciale. Unde, sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4020 virtus passionis Christi applicatur viventibus per sacramenta
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4021 configurantia nos passioni Christi, ita etiam applicata est mortuis
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4022 per descensum Christi ad Inferos. Propter quod signanter dicitur
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4023 Zach. IX, quod <i>eduxit vinctos de lacu in sanguine testamenti
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4024 sui</i>, idest per virtutem passionis suae.</p>
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4025 <p title="III q. 52 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="49200"><span class=
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4026 "ref">[49200] III&ordf; q. 52 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4027 dicendum quod anima Christi non descenderit ad Inferos eo genere
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4028 motus quo corpora moventur, sed eo genere motus quo Angeli
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4029 moventur, sicut in prima parte habitum est.</p>
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4030 <br />
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4031 <div class="E">Articulus 2</div>
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4032 <p title="III q. 52 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="49201"><span class=
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4033 "ref">[49201] III&ordf; q. 52 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad secundum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4034 sic proceditur. Videtur quod Christus descenderit etiam ad Infernum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4035 damnatorum. Dicitur enim ex ore divinae sapientiae, Eccli. XXIV,
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4036 <i>penetrabo omnes inferiores partes terrae</i>. Sed inter partes
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4037 inferiores terrae computatur etiam Infernus damnatorum, secundum
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4038 illud Psalmi, <i>introibunt in inferiora terrae</i>. Ergo Christus,
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4039 qui est Dei sapientia, etiam usque ad Infernum damnatorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4040 descendit.</p>
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4041 <p title="III q. 52 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="49202"><span class=
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4042 "ref">[49202] III&ordf; q. 52 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4043 Act. II dicit Petrus quod <i>Deus Christum suscitavit, solutis
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4044 doloribus Inferni, iuxta quod impossibile erat teneri illum ab
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4045 eo</i>. Sed dolores non sunt in Inferno patrum, neque etiam in
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4046 Inferno puerorum, qui non puniuntur poena sensus propter peccatum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4047 actuale, sed solum poena damni propter peccatum originale. Ergo
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4048 Christus descendit in Infernum damnatorum, vel etiam in
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4049 Purgatorium, ubi homines puniuntur poena sensus pro peccatis
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4050 actualibus.</p>
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4051 <p title="III q. 52 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="49203"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4052 "ref">[49203] III&ordf; q. 52 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea, I
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4053 Pet. III dicitur quod <i>Christus his qui in carcere conclusi
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4054 erant, spiritu veniens praedicavit, qui increduli fuerant
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4055 aliquando</i>, quod, sicut Athanasius dicit, in epistola ad
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4056 Epictetum, intelligitur de descensu Christi ad Inferos. Dicit enim
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4057 quod <i>corpus Christi fuit in sepulcro positum, quando ipse
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4058 perrexit praedicare his qui in custodia erant spiritibus, sicut
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4059 dixit Petrus</i>. Constat autem quod increduli erant in Inferno
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4060 damnatorum. Ergo Christus ad Infernum damnatorum descendit.</p>
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4061 <p title="III q. 52 a. 2 arg. 4"><a name="49204"><span class=
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4062 "ref">[49204] III&ordf; q. 52 a. 2 arg. 4</span></a> Praeterea,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4063 Augustinus dicit, in epistola ad Evodium, <i>si in illum Abrahae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4064 sinum Christum mortuum venisse sacra Scriptura dixisset non
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4065 nominato Inferno eiusque doloribus, miror si quisquam eum ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4066 Inferos descendisse asserere auderet. Sed quia evidentia testimonia
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4067 et Infernum commemorant et dolores, nulla causa occurrit cur illo
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4068 credatur venisse salvator, nisi ut ab eisdem doloribus salvos
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4069 faceret</i>. Sed locus dolorum est Infernus damnatorum. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4070 Christus in Infernum damnatorum descendit.</p>
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4071 <p title="III q. 52 a. 2 arg. 5"><a name="49205"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4072 "ref">[49205] III&ordf; q. 52 a. 2 arg. 5</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4073 sicut Augustinus dicit, in quodam sermone de passione, Christus ad
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4074 Infernum descendens <i>omnes iustos qui originali peccato adstricti
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4075 tenebantur, absolvit</i>. Sed inter illos erat etiam Iob, qui de
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4076 seipso dicit, Iob XVII, <i>in profundissima Inferni descendent
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4077 omnia mea</i>. Ergo Christus etiam usque ad profundissimum Inferni
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4078 descendit.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4079 <p title="III q. 52 a. 2 s. c."><a name="49206"><span class=
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4080 "ref">[49206] III&ordf; q. 52 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4081 quod de Inferno damnatorum dicitur, Iob X, <i>antequam vadam, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4082 non revertar, ad terram tenebrosam et opertam mortis caligine,</i>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4083 et cetera. Nulla autem est conventio lucis ad tenebras, ut dicitur
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4084 II Cor. VI. Ergo Christus, qui est lux, ad illum Infernum
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4085 damnatorum non descendit.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4086 <p title="III q. 52 a. 2 co."><a name="49207"><span class=
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4087 "ref">[49207] III&ordf; q. 52 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4088 dicendum quod dupliciter dicitur aliquid alicubi esse. Uno modo,
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4089 per suum effectum. Et hoc modo Christus in quemlibet Infernum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4090 descendit, aliter tamen et aliter. Nam in Infernum damnatorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4091 habuit hunc effectum quod, descendens ad Inferos, eos de sua
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4092 incredulitate et malitia confutavit. Illis vero qui detinebantur in
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4093 Purgatorio, spem gloriae consequendae dedit. Sanctis autem
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4094 patribus, qui pro solo peccato originali detinebantur in Inferno,
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4095 lumen aeternae gloriae infudit. Alio modo dicitur aliquid esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4096 alicubi per suam essentiam. Et hoc modo anima Christi descendit
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4097 solum ad locum Inferni in quo iusti detinebantur, ut quos ipse per
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4098 gratiam interius visitabat secundum divinitatem, eos etiam secundum
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4099 animam visitaret et loco. Sic autem in una parte Inferni existens,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4100 effectum suum aliqualiter ad omnes Inferni partes derivavit, sicut,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4101 in uno loco terrae passus, totum mundum sua passione liberavit.</p>
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4102 <p title="III q. 52 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="49208"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4103 "ref">[49208] III&ordf; q. 52 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4104 dicendum quod Christus, qui est Dei sapientia, penetravit omnes
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4105 inferiores partes terrae, non localiter, secundum animam omnes
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4106 circumeundo; sed effectum suae potentiae aliqualiter ad omnes
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4107 extendendo. Ita tamen quod solos iustos illuminavit, sequitur enim,
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4108 <i>et illuminabo omnes sperantes in domino</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4109 <p title="III q. 52 a. 2 ad 2"><a name="49209"><span class=
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4110 "ref">[49209] III&ordf; q. 52 a. 2 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4111 dicendum quod duplex est dolor. Unus de passione poenae, quam
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4112 patiuntur homines pro peccato actuali, secundum illud Psalmi,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4113 <i>dolores Inferni circumdederunt me</i>. Alius autem dolor est de
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4114 dilatione speratae gloriae, secundum illud Proverb. XIII, <i>spes
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4115 quae differtur, affligit animam</i>. Quem quidem dolorem etiam
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4116 patiebantur sancti patres in Inferno. Ad quod significandum
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4117 Augustinus, in sermone de passione, dicit quod <i>lacrymabili
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4118 obsecratione Christum orabant</i>. Utrosque autem dolores Christus
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4119 solvit ad Infernum descendens, aliter tamen et aliter. Nam dolores
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4120 poenarum solvit praeservando ab eis, sicut medicus dicitur solvere
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4121 morbum a quo praeservat per medicinam. Dolores autem causatos ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4122 dilatione gloriae actualiter solvit, gloriam praebendo.</p>
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4123 <p title="III q. 52 a. 2 ad 3"><a name="49210"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4124 "ref">[49210] III&ordf; q. 52 a. 2 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4125 dicendum quod illud quod ibi dicit Petrus, a quibusdam refertur ad
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4126 descensum Christi ad Inferos, sic exponentes verbum illud, his qui
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4127 in carcere conclusi erant, idest in Inferno, spiritu, idest
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4128 secundum animam, <i>Christus veniens praedicavit, qui increduli
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4129 fuerant aliquando</i>. Unde et Damascenus dicit, in III libro,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4130 quod, <i>sicut his qui in terra sunt evangelizavit, ita et his qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4131 in Inferno</i>, non quidem ut incredulos ad fidem converteret, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4132 ut eorum infidelitatem confutaret. Quia et ipsa praedicatio nihil
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4133 aliud intelligi potest quam manifestatio divinitatis eius, quae
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4134 manifestata est infernalibus per virtuosum descensum Christi ad
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4135 Inferos. Augustinus tamen melius exponit, in epistola ad Evodium,
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4136 ut referatur, non ad descensum Christi ad Inferos, sed ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4137 operationem divinitatis eius, quam exercuit a principio mundi. Ut
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4138 sit sensus quod his qui in carcere conclusi erant, viventes
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4139 scilicet in corpore mortali, quod est quasi quidam carcer animae,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4140 spiritu suae divinitatis veniens praedicavit, per internas
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4141 inspirationes, et etiam exteriores admonitiones per ora iustorum,
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4142 his, inquam, praedicavit qui increduli fuerant aliquando, Noe
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4143 scilicet praedicanti, quando expectabant Dei patientiam, per quam
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4144 differebatur poena diluvii. Unde subdit, in diebus Noe, cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4145 fabricaretur arca.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4146 <p title="III q. 52 a. 2 ad 4"><a name="49211"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4147 "ref">[49211] III&ordf; q. 52 a. 2 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4148 dicendum quod sinus Abrahae potest secundum duo considerari. Uno
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4149 modo, secundum quietem quae ibi erat a poena sensibili. Et quantum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4150 ad hoc non competit ei nec nomen Inferni, nec sunt ibi aliqui
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4151 dolores. Alio modo potest considerari quantum ad privationem
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4152 gloriae speratae. Et secundum hoc habet rationem Inferni et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4153 doloris. Et ideo nunc dicitur sinus Abrahae illa requies beatorum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4154 non tamen dicitur Infernus, nec dicuntur nunc in sinu Abrahae esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4155 dolores.</p>
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4156 <p title="III q. 52 a. 2 ad 5"><a name="49212"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4157 "ref">[49212] III&ordf; q. 52 a. 2 ad 5</span></a> Ad quintum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4158 dicendum quod, sicut Gregorius ibidem dicit, <i>ipsa superiora loca
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4159 Inferni profundissimum Infernum vocat. Si enim, quantum ad
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4160 celsitudinem caeli, aer iste caliginosus Infernus est; quantum ad
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4161 eiusdem aeris altitudinem, terra, quae inferius iacet, et Infernus
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4162 intelligi, et profundum potest. Quantum vero ad eiusdem terrae
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4163 altitudinem, illa loca Inferni quae superiora sunt aliis
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4164 receptaculis Inferni, hoc modo Inferni profundissimi appellatione
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4165 significantur</i>.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4166 <br />
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4167 <div class="E">Articulus 3</div>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4168 <p title="III q. 52 a. 3 arg. 1"><a name="49213"><span class=
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4169 "ref">[49213] III&ordf; q. 52 a. 3 arg. 1</span></a> Ad tertium sic
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4170 proceditur. Videtur quod Christus non fuit totus in Inferno. Corpus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4171 enim Christi est aliqua pars eius. Sed corpus Christi non fuit in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4172 Inferno. Ergo totus Christus non fuit in Inferno.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4173 <p title="III q. 52 a. 3 arg. 2"><a name="49214"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4174 "ref">[49214] III&ordf; q. 52 a. 3 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4175 nihil cuius partes ab invicem separatae sunt, potest dici totum.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4176 Sed corpus et anima, quae sunt partes humanae naturae, fuerunt ab
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4177 invicem separata post mortem, ut supra dictum est. Descendit autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4178 ad Infernum mortuus existens. Non ergo potuit esse totus in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4179 Inferno.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4180 <p title="III q. 52 a. 3 arg. 3"><a name="49215"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4181 "ref">[49215] III&ordf; q. 52 a. 3 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4182 illud totum dicitur esse in loco cuius nihil est extra locum illum.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4183 Sed aliquid Christi erat extra Infernum, quia et corpus erat in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4184 sepulcro, et divinitas ubique. Ergo Christus non fuit totus in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4185 Inferno.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4186 <p title="III q. 52 a. 3 s. c."><a name="49216"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4187 "ref">[49216] III&ordf; q. 52 a. 3 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4188 quod Augustinus dicit, in libro de symbolo, <i>totus filius apud
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4189 patrem, totus in caelo, totus in terra, totus in utero virginis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4190 totus in cruce, totus in Inferno, totus in Paradiso quo latronem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4191 introduxit</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4192 <p title="III q. 52 a. 3 co."><a name="49217"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4193 "ref">[49217] III&ordf; q. 52 a. 3 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4194 dicendum quod, sicut patet ex his quae in prima parte dicta sunt,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4195 masculinum genus refertur ad hypostasim vel personam, neutrum autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4196 genus pertinet ad naturam. In morte autem Christi, licet anima
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4197 fuerit separata a corpore, neutrum tamen fuit separatum a persona
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4198 filii Dei, ut supra dictum est. Et ideo, in illo triduo mortis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4199 Christi, dicendum est quod totus Christus fuit in sepulcro, quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4200 tota persona fuit ibi per corpus sibi unitum; et similiter totus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4201 fuit in Inferno, quia tota persona Christi fuit ibi ratione animae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4202 sibi unitae; totus etiam Christus tunc erat ubique, ratione divinae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4203 naturae.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4204 <p title="III q. 52 a. 3 ad 1"><a name="49218"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4205 "ref">[49218] III&ordf; q. 52 a. 3 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4206 dicendum quod corpus quod tunc erat in sepulcro, non est pars
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4207 personae increatae, sed naturae assumptae. Et ideo per hoc quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4208 corpus Christi non fuit in Inferno, non excluditur quin totus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4209 Christus fuerit, sed ostenditur quod non fuit ibi totum quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4210 pertinet ad humanam naturam.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4211 <p title="III q. 52 a. 3 ad 2"><a name="49219"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4212 "ref">[49219] III&ordf; q. 52 a. 3 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4213 dicendum quod ex anima et corpore unitis constituitur totalitas
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4214 humanae naturae, non autem totalitas divinae personae. Et ideo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4215 soluta unione animae et corporis per mortem, remansit totus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4216 Christus, sed non remansit humana natura in sua totalitate.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4217 <p title="III q. 52 a. 3 ad 3"><a name="49220"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4218 "ref">[49220] III&ordf; q. 52 a. 3 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4219 dicendum quod persona Christi est tota in quolibet loco, sed non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4220 totaliter, quia nullo loco circumscribitur. Sed nec omnia loca
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4221 simul accepta eius immensitatem comprehendere possunt. Quinimmo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4222 ipse sua immensitate omnia comprehendit. Hoc autem locum habet in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4223 his quae corporaliter et circumscriptive sunt in loco, quod, si
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4224 totum sit alicubi, nihil eius sit extra. Sed hoc in Deo locum non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4225 habet. Unde Augustinus dicit, in sermone de symbolo, <i>non per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4226 diversa tempora vel loca dicimus ubique Christum esse totum, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4227 modo ibi totus sit, et alio tempore alibi totus, sed ut semper
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4228 ubique sit totus</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4229 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4230 <div class="E">Articulus 4</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4231 <p title="III q. 52 a. 4 arg. 1"><a name="49221"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4232 "ref">[49221] III&ordf; q. 52 a. 4 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quartum sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4233 proceditur. Videtur quod Christus nullam moram contraxit in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4234 Inferno. Christus enim ad hoc in Infernum descendit ut ex eo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4235 homines liberaret. Sed hoc statim ab eo factum est in ipso suo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4236 descensu, <i>facile enim est in conspectu Dei subito honestare
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4237 pauperem</i>, ut dicitur Eccli. XI. Ergo videtur quod nullam moram
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4238 in Inferno contraxit.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4239 <p title="III q. 52 a. 4 arg. 2"><a name="49222"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4240 "ref">[49222] III&ordf; q. 52 a. 4 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4241 Augustinus dicit, in sermone de passione, quod <i>sine aliqua mora,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4242 ad imperium domini ac salvatoris, omnes ferrei confracti sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4243 vectes</i>. Unde ex persona Angelorum concomitantium Christum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4244 dicitur, <i>tollite portas, principes, vestras</i>. Ad hoc autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4245 Christus illuc descendit ut vectes Inferni confringeret. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4246 Christus in Inferno nullam moram contraxit.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4247 <p title="III q. 52 a. 4 arg. 3"><a name="49223"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4248 "ref">[49223] III&ordf; q. 52 a. 4 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4249 Luc. XXIII dicitur quod dominus, in cruce pendens, dixit latroni,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4250 <i>hodie mecum eris in Paradiso</i>, ex quo patet quod eadem die
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4251 Christus fuit in Paradiso. Non autem secundum corpus, quod positum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4252 fuit in sepulcro. Ergo secundum animam, quae ad Infernum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4253 descenderat. Et ita videtur quod non contraxit moram in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4254 Inferno.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4255 <p title="III q. 52 a. 4 s. c."><a name="49224"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4256 "ref">[49224] III&ordf; q. 52 a. 4 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4257 quod Petrus dicit, Act. II, <i>quem Deus suscitavit, solutis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4258 doloribus Inferni, iuxta quod impossibile erat teneri illum ab
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4259 eo</i>. Ergo videtur quod usque ad horam resurrectionis mansit in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4260 Inferno.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4261 <p title="III q. 52 a. 4 co."><a name="49225"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4262 "ref">[49225] III&ordf; q. 52 a. 4 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4263 dicendum quod sicut Christus, ut nostras poenas in se susciperet,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4264 voluit corpus suum in sepulcro poni, ita etiam voluit animam suam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4265 ad Infernum descendere. Corpus autem eius mansit in sepulcro per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4266 diem integrum et duas noctes ad comprobandum veritatem mortis suae.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4267 Unde etiam tantundem credendum est animam eius fuisse in Inferno,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4268 ut simul anima eius educeretur de Inferno, et corpus de
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4269 sepulcro.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4270 <p title="III q. 52 a. 4 ad 1"><a name="49226"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4271 "ref">[49226] III&ordf; q. 52 a. 4 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4272 dicendum quod Christus, ad Infernum descendens, sanctos ibi
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4273 existentes liberavit, non quidem statim educendo eos de loco
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4274 Inferni, sed in ipso Inferno eos luce gloriae illustrando. Et tamen
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4275 conveniens fuit ut tandiu anima eius remaneret in Inferno quandiu
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4276 corpus manebat in sepulcro.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4277 <p title="III q. 52 a. 4 ad 2"><a name="49227"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4278 "ref">[49227] III&ordf; q. 52 a. 4 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4279 dicendum quod vectes Inferni dicuntur impedimenta quibus sancti
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4280 patres de Inferno exire prohibebantur, reatu culpae primi parentis.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4281 Quos Christus statim descendens ad Inferos, virtute suae passionis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4282 et mortis confregit. Et tamen voluit in Inferno aliquandiu
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4283 remanere, propter rationem praedictam.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4284 <p title="III q. 52 a. 4 ad 3"><a name="49228"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4285 "ref">[49228] III&ordf; q. 52 a. 4 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4286 dicendum quod illud verbum domini est intelligendum, non de
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4287 Paradiso terrestri corporeo, sed de Paradiso spirituali, in quo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4288 esse dicuntur quicumque divina gloria perfruuntur. Unde latro loco
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4289 quidem cum Christo ad Infernum descendit, ut cum Christo esset,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4290 quia dictum est ei, mecum eris in Paradiso, sed praemio in Paradiso
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4291 fuit, quia ibi divinitate Christi fruebatur, sicut et alii
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4292 sancti.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4293 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4294 <div class="E">Articulus 5</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4295 <p title="III q. 52 a. 5 arg. 1"><a name="49229"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4296 "ref">[49229] III&ordf; q. 52 a. 5 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quintum sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4297 proceditur. Videtur quod Christus, descendens ad Inferos, sanctos
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4298 patres inde non liberaverit. Dicit enim Augustinus, in epistola ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4299 Evodium, <i>illis iustis qui in sinu erant Abrahae cum Christus in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4300 Inferna descenderet, nondum quid contulisset inveni, a quibus eum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4301 secundum beatificam praesentiam suae divinitatis, nunquam video
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4302 recessisse</i>. Multum autem eis contulisset si eos ab Inferis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4303 liberasset. Non ergo videtur quod Christus sanctos patres ab
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4304 Inferis liberaverit.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4305 <p title="III q. 52 a. 5 arg. 2"><a name="49230"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4306 "ref">[49230] III&ordf; q. 52 a. 5 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4307 nullus in Inferno detinetur nisi propter peccatum. Sed sancti
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4308 patres, dum adhuc viverent, per fidem Christi iustificati fuerant a
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4309 peccato. Ergo non indigebant liberari ab Inferno, ad Inferos
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4310 Christo descendente.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4311 <p title="III q. 52 a. 5 arg. 3"><a name="49231"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4312 "ref">[49231] III&ordf; q. 52 a. 5 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4313 remota causa, removetur effectus. Sed causa descendendi ad Inferos
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4314 est peccatum, quod fuit remotum per passionem Christi, ut supra
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4315 dictum est. Non ergo per descensum Christi ad Inferos sancti patres
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4316 sunt de Inferno educti.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4317 <p title="III q. 52 a. 5 s. c."><a name="49232"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4318 "ref">[49232] III&ordf; q. 52 a. 5 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4319 quod Augustinus dicit, in sermone de passione, quod Christus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4320 quando ad Inferna descendit, <i>portam Inferni et vectes ferreos
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4321 confregit, et omnes iustos, qui originali peccato adstricti
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4322 tenebantur, absolvit</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4323 <p title="III q. 52 a. 5 co."><a name="49233"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4324 "ref">[49233] III&ordf; q. 52 a. 5 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4325 dicendum quod, sicut supra dictum est, Christus, descendens ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4326 Inferos, operatus est in virtute suae passionis. Per passionem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4327 autem Christi liberatum est genus humanum, non solum a peccato, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4328 etiam a reatu poenae, ut supra dictum est. Dupliciter autem homines
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4329 reatu poenae erant adstricti. Uno modo, pro peccato actuali, quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4330 quilibet in sua persona commiserat. Alio modo, pro peccato totius
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4331 humanae naturae, quod a primo parente in omnes originaliter
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4332 devenit, ut dicitur Rom. V. Cuius quidem peccati poena est mors
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4333 corporalis et exclusio a vita gloriae, ut patet ex his quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4334 dicuntur Gen. II et III, nam Deus hominem de Paradiso post peccatum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4335 eiecit, cui ante peccatum mortem fuerat comminatus si peccaret. Et
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4336 ideo Christus, descendens ad Inferos, virtute suae passionis ab hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4337 reatu sanctos absolvit, quo erant a vita gloriae exclusi, ut non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4338 possent Deum per essentiam videre, in quo consistit perfecta
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4339 hominis beatitudo, ut in secunda parte dictum est. Per hoc autem
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4340 sancti patres detinebantur in Inferno, quod eis ad vitam gloriae,
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4341 propter peccatum primi parentis, aditus non patebat. Et sic
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4342 Christus, descendens ad Inferos, sanctos patres ab Inferis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4343 liberavit. Et hoc est quod dicitur Zach. IX, <i>tu vero in sanguine
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4344 testamenti tui eduxisti vinctos de lacu in quo non erat aqua</i>.
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4345 Et Coloss. II dicitur quod, <i>exspolians principatus et
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4346 potestates, scilicet infernales, auferendo Isaac et Iacob et
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4347 ceteros iustos, traduxit eos, idest, longe ab hoc regno tenebrarum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4348 ad caelum duxit</i>, ut Glossa ibidem dicit.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4349 <p title="III q. 52 a. 5 ad 1"><a name="49234"><span class=
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4350 "ref">[49234] III&ordf; q. 52 a. 5 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4351 dicendum quod Augustinus ibi loquitur contra quosdam qui
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4352 aestimabant antiquos iustos, ante adventum Christi, in Inferno
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4353 doloribus poenarum fuisse subiectos. Unde, parum ante verba
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4354 inducta, praemittit dicens, <i>addunt quidam hoc beneficium
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4355 antiquis etiam sanctis fuisse concessum, ut, dominus cum in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4356 Infernum venisset, ab illis doloribus solverentur. Sed quonam modo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4357 intelligatur Abraham, in cuius sinum pius etiam pauper ille
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4358 susceptus est, in illis fuisse doloribus, ego quidem non video</i>.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4359 Et ideo, cum postea subdit se nondum invenisse <i>quid descensus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4360 Christi ad Inferos antiquis iustis contulerit</i>, intelligendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4361 est quantum ad absolutionem a doloribus poenarum. Contulit tamen
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4362 eis quantum ad adeptionem gloriae, et per consequens solvit eorum
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4363 dolorem quem patiebantur ex dilatione gloriae. Ex cuius tamen spe
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4364 magnum gaudium habebant, secundum illud Ioan. VIII, <i>Abraham,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4365 pater vester, exultavit ut videret diem meum</i>. Et ideo subdit,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4366 <i>a quibus eum, secundum beatificam praesentiam suae divinitatis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4367 nunquam video recessisse</i>, inquantum scilicet, etiam ante
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4368 adventum Christi, erant beati in spe, licet nondum essent perfecte
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4369 beati in re.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4370 <p title="III q. 52 a. 5 ad 2"><a name="49235"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4371 "ref">[49235] III&ordf; q. 52 a. 5 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4372 dicendum quod sancti patres, dum adhuc viverent, liberati fuerunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4373 per fidem Christi ab omni peccato tam originali quam actuali, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4374 reatu poenae actualium peccatorum, non tamen a reatu poenae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4375 originalis peccati, per quem excludebantur a gloria, nondum soluto
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4376 pretio redemptionis humanae. Sicut etiam nunc fideles Christi
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4377 liberantur per Baptismum a reatu actualium peccatorum, et a reatu
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4378 originalis quantum ad exclusionem a gloria, remanent tamen adhuc
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4379 obligati reatu originalis peccati quantum ad necessitatem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4380 corporaliter moriendi; quia renovantur secundum spiritum, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4381 nondum secundum carnem, secundum illud Rom. VIII, <i>corpus quidem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4382 mortuum est propter peccatum, spiritus vero vivit propter
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4383 iustificationem</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4384 <p title="III q. 52 a. 5 ad 3"><a name="49236"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4385 "ref">[49236] III&ordf; q. 52 a. 5 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4386 dicendum quod statim, Christo mortem patiente, anima eius ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4387 Infernum descendit, et suae passionis fructum exhibuit sanctis in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4388 Inferno detentis, quamvis ex loco illo non exierint, Christo apud
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4389 Inferos commorante, quia ipsa Christi praesentia pertinebat ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4390 cumulum gloriae.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4391 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4392 <div class="E">Articulus 6</div>
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4393 <p title="III q. 52 a. 6 arg. 1"><a name="49237"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4394 "ref">[49237] III&ordf; q. 52 a. 6 arg. 1</span></a> Ad sextum sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4395 proceditur. Videtur quod Christus aliquos damnatos ab Inferno
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4396 liberavit. Dicitur enim Isaiae XXIV, <i>congregabuntur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4397 congregatione unius fascis in lacum, et claudentur in carcerem, et
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4398 post multos dies visitabuntur</i>. Loquitur autem ibi de damnatis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4399 qui militiam caeli adoraverant. Ergo videtur quod etiam damnati,
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4400 Christo descendente ad Inferos, sunt visitati. Quod ad eorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4401 liberationem videtur pertinere.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4402 <p title="III q. 52 a. 6 arg. 2"><a name="49238"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4403 "ref">[49238] III&ordf; q. 52 a. 6 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4404 super illud Zach. IX, <i>tu autem in sanguine testamenti tui
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4405 eduxisti vinctos de lacu in quo non erat aqua</i>, dicit Glossa,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4406 <i>tu eos liberasti qui tenebantur vincti carceribus, ubi nulla
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4407 misericordia eos refrigerabat, quam dives ille petebat</i>. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4408 soli damnati includuntur carceribus absque misericordia. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4409 Christus liberavit aliquos de Inferno damnatorum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4410 <p title="III q. 52 a. 6 arg. 3"><a name="49239"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4411 "ref">[49239] III&ordf; q. 52 a. 6 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4412 potentia Christi non fuit minor in Inferno quam in hoc mundo,
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4413 utrobique enim operatus est per potentiam suae divinitatis. Sed in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4414 hoc mundo de quolibet statu aliquos liberavit. Ergo etiam in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4415 Inferno liberavit aliquos etiam de statu damnatorum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4416 <p title="III q. 52 a. 6 s. c."><a name="49240"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4417 "ref">[49240] III&ordf; q. 52 a. 6 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4418 quod dicitur Osee XIII, <i>ero mors tua, o mors. Morsus tuus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4419 Inferne</i>. Glossa, <i>electos educendo, reprobos vero ibidem
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4420 relinquendo</i>. Sed soli reprobi sunt in Inferno damnatorum. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4421 per descensum Christi ad Inferos non sunt aliqui de Inferno
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4422 damnatorum liberati.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4423 <p title="III q. 52 a. 6 co."><a name="49241"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4424 "ref">[49241] III&ordf; q. 52 a. 6 co.</span></a> Respondeo
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4425 dicendum quod, sicut supra dictum est, Christus, descendens ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4426 Inferos, operatus est in virtute suae passionis. Et ideo eius
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4427 descensus ad Inferos illis solis liberationis contulit fructum qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4428 fuerunt passioni Christi coniuncti per fidem caritate formatam, per
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4429 quam peccata tolluntur. Illi autem qui erant in Inferno damnatorum,
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4430 aut penitus fidem passionis Christi non habuerant, sicut infideles,
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4431 aut, si fidem habuerant, nullam conformitatem habebant ad caritatem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4432 Christi patientis. Unde nec a peccatis suis erant mundati. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4433 propter hoc descensus Christi ad Inferos non contulit eis
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4434 liberationem a reatu poenae infernalis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4435 <p title="III q. 52 a. 6 ad 1"><a name="49242"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4436 "ref">[49242] III&ordf; q. 52 a. 6 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4437 dicendum quod, Christo descendente ad Inferos, omnes qui erant in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4438 quacumque parte Inferni, sunt aliqualiter visitati, sed quidam ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4439 suam consolationem et liberationem; quidam autem ad suam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4440 confutationem et confusionem, scilicet damnati. Unde ibidem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4441 subditur, <i>et erubescet luna, et confundetur sol,</i> et cetera.
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4442 Potest etiam hoc referri ad visitationem qua visitabuntur in die
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4443 iudicii, non ut liberentur, sed ut condemnentur amplius, secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4444 illud Sophon. I, <i>visitabo super viros defixos in faecibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4445 suis</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4446 <p title="III q. 52 a. 6 ad 2"><a name="49243"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4447 "ref">[49243] III&ordf; q. 52 a. 6 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4448 dicendum quod, cum dicitur in Glossa, <i>ubi nulla misericordia eos
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4449 refrigerabat</i>, intelligendum est quantum ad refrigerium
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4450 perfectae liberationis. Quia sancti patres ab illis Inferni
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4451 carceribus ante Christi adventum non poterant liberari.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4452 <p title="III q. 52 a. 6 ad 3"><a name="49244"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4453 "ref">[49244] III&ordf; q. 52 a. 6 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4454 dicendum quod non fuit propter Christi impotentiam quod non sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4455 aliqui liberati de quolibet statu infernalium, sicut de quolibet
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4456 statu mundanorum, sed propter diversam utrorumque conditionem. Nam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4457 homines quandiu hic vivunt, possunt ad fidem et caritatem converti,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4458 quia in hac vita non sunt homines confirmati in bono vel in malo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4459 sicut post exitum ab hac vita.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4460 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4461 <div class="E">Articulus 7</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4462 <p title="III q. 52 a. 7 arg. 1"><a name="49245"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4463 "ref">[49245] III&ordf; q. 52 a. 7 arg. 1</span></a> Ad septimum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4464 sic proceditur. Videtur quod pueri qui cum originali peccato
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4465 decesserant, fuerint per descensum Christi liberati. Non enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4466 tenebantur in Inferno nisi pro peccato originali, sicut et sancti
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4467 patres. Sed sancti patres sunt ab Inferno liberati per Christum, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4468 supra dictum est. Ergo et pueri similiter per Christum sunt ab
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4469 Inferno liberati.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4470 <p title="III q. 52 a. 7 arg. 2"><a name="49246"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4471 "ref">[49246] III&ordf; q. 52 a. 7 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4472 apostolus dicit, Rom. V, <i>si unius delicto multi mortui sunt,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4473 multo magis gratia Dei et donum, in gratia unius hominis Iesu
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4474 Christi, in plures abundavit</i>. Sed propter peccatum primi
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4475 parentis pueri cum solo peccato originali decedentes in Inferno
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4476 detinentur. Ergo multo magis per gratiam Christi sunt ab Inferno
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4477 liberati.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4478 <p title="III q. 52 a. 7 arg. 3"><a name="49247"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4479 "ref">[49247] III&ordf; q. 52 a. 7 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4480 sicut Baptismus operatur in virtute passionis Christi, ita et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4481 descensus Christi ad Inferos, ut ex dictis patet. Sed pueri per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4482 Baptismum liberantur a peccato originali et ab Inferno. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4483 similiter liberati sunt per descensum Christi ad Inferos.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4484 <p title="III q. 52 a. 7 s. c."><a name="49248"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4485 "ref">[49248] III&ordf; q. 52 a. 7 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4486 quod apostolus dicit, Rom. III, quod <i>Deus proposuit Christum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4487 propitiatorem per fidem in sanguine eius</i>. Sed pueri qui cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4488 solo peccato originali decesserant, nullo modo fuerant participes
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4489 fidei. Ergo non perceperunt fructum propitiationis Christi, ut per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4490 ipsum ab Inferno liberarentur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4491 <p title="III q. 52 a. 7 co."><a name="49249"><span class=
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4492 "ref">[49249] III&ordf; q. 52 a. 7 co.</span></a> Respondeo
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4493 dicendum quod, sicut supra dictum est, descensus Christi ad Inferos
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4494 in illis solis effectum habuit qui per fidem et caritatem passioni
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4495 Christi coniungebantur, in cuius virtute descensus Christi ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4496 Inferos liberatorius erat. Pueri autem qui cum originali
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4497 decesserant, nullo modo fuerant coniuncti passioni Christi per
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4498 fidem et dilectionem, neque enim fidem propriam habere potuerant,
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4499 quia non habuerant usum liberi arbitrii; neque per fidem parentum
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4500 aut per aliquod fidei sacramentum fuerant a peccato originali
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4501 mundati. Et ideo descensus Christi ad Inferos huiusmodi pueros non
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4502 liberavit ab Inferno. Et praeterea per hoc sancti patres ab Inferno
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4503 sunt liberati quia sunt ad gloriam divinae visionis admissi, ad
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4504 quam nullus potest pervenire nisi per gratiam, secundum illud Rom.
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4505 VI, <i>gratia Dei vita aeterna</i>. Cum igitur pueri cum originali
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4506 decedentes gratiam non habuerint, non fuerunt ab Inferno
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4507 liberati.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4508 <p title="III q. 52 a. 7 ad 1"><a name="49250"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4509 "ref">[49250] III&ordf; q. 52 a. 7 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4510 dicendum quod sancti patres, etsi adhuc tenerentur adstricti reatu
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4511 originalis peccati inquantum respicit humanam naturam, tamen
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4512 liberati erant per fidem Christi ab omni macula peccati, et ideo
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4513 capaces erant illius liberationis quam Christus attulit descendens
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4514 ad Inferos. Sed hoc de pueris dici non potest, ut ex supra dictis
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4515 patet.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4516 <p title="III q. 52 a. 7 ad 2"><a name="49251"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4517 "ref">[49251] III&ordf; q. 52 a. 7 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4518 dicendum quod, cum apostolus dicit, <i>gratia Dei in plures
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4519 abundavit</i>, ly plures non est accipiendum comparative, quasi
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4520 plures numero sint salvati per gratiam Christi quam damnati per
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4521 peccatum Adae, sed absolute, ac si diceret quod gratia unius
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4522 Christi abundavit in multos, sicut et peccatum unius Adae pervenit
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4523 ad multos. Sed sicut peccatum Adae ad eos tantum pervenit qui per
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4524 seminalem rationem carnaliter ab eo descenderunt, ita gratia
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4525 Christi ad illos tantum pervenit qui spirituali regeneratione eius
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4526 membra sunt facti. Quod non competit pueris decedentibus cum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4527 originali peccato.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4528 <p title="III q. 52 a. 7 ad 3"><a name="49252"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4529 "ref">[49252] III&ordf; q. 52 a. 7 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4530 dicendum quod Baptismus adhibetur hominibus in hac vita, in qua
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4531 homo potest transmutari de culpa in gratiam. Sed descensus Christi
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4532 ad Inferos exhibitus fuit animabus post hanc vitam, ubi non sunt
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4533 capaces transmutationis praedictae. Et ideo per Baptismum pueri
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4534 liberantur a peccato originali et ab Inferno, non autem per
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4535 descensum Christi ad Inferos.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4536 <br />
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4537 <div class="E">Articulus 8</div>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4538 <p title="III q. 52 a. 8 arg. 1"><a name="49253"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4539 "ref">[49253] III&ordf; q. 52 a. 8 arg. 1</span></a> Ad octavum sic
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4540 proceditur. Videtur quod Christus suo descensu ad Inferos
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4541 liberaverit animas a Purgatorio. Dicit enim Augustinus, in epistola
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4542 ad Evodium, <i>quia evidentia testimonia et Infernum commemorant et
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4543 dolores, nulla causa occurrit cur illo credatur venisse salvator,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4544 nisi ut ab eisdem doloribus salvos faceret. Sed utrum omnes quos in
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4545 eis invenit, an quosdam, quos illo beneficio dignos iudicavit,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4546 adhuc requiro. Tamen venisse Christum apud Inferos, et in eorum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4547 doloribus constitutis hoc beneficium praestitisse, non dubito</i>.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4548 Non autem praestitit beneficium liberationis damnatis, sicut supra
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4549 dictum est. Praeter eos autem nulli sunt in doloribus poenalibus
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4550 constituti nisi illi qui sunt in Purgatorio. Ergo Christus animas
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diff changeset
4551 de Purgatorio liberavit.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4552 <p title="III q. 52 a. 8 arg. 2"><a name="49254"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4553 "ref">[49254] III&ordf; q. 52 a. 8 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
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diff changeset
4554 ipsa animae Christi praesentia non minorem effectum habuit quam
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4555 sacramenta ipsius. Sed per sacramenta Christi liberantur animae a
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4556 Purgatorio, et praecipue per Eucharistiae sacramentum, ut infra
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4557 dicetur. Ergo multo magis per praesentiam Christi ad Inferos
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4558 descendentis sunt animae a Purgatorio liberatae.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4559 <p title="III q. 52 a. 8 arg. 3"><a name="49255"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4560 "ref">[49255] III&ordf; q. 52 a. 8 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
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diff changeset
4561 Christus quoscumque curavit in hac vita, totaliter curavit, ut
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diff changeset
4562 Augustinus dicit, in libro de poenitentia. Et Ioan. VII dominus
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diff changeset
4563 dicit, <i>totum hominem salvum feci in sabbato</i>. Sed Christus
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diff changeset
4564 eos qui in Purgatorio erant, liberavit a reatu poenae damni, quo
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diff changeset
4565 excludebantur a gloria. Ergo etiam liberavit eos a reatu poenae
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diff changeset
4566 Purgatorii.</p>
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diff changeset
4567 <p title="III q. 52 a. 8 s. c."><a name="49256"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4568 "ref">[49256] III&ordf; q. 52 a. 8 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4569 quod Gregorius dicit, XIII Moral., <i>dum conditor ac redemptor
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diff changeset
4570 noster, claustra Inferni penetrans, electorum exinde animas eduxit,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4571 nos illo ire non patitur, unde iam alios descendendo liberavit</i>.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4572 Patitur autem nos ire ad Purgatorium. Ergo, descendens ad Inferos,
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diff changeset
4573 animas a Purgatorio non liberavit.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4574 <p title="III q. 52 a. 8 co."><a name="49257"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4575 "ref">[49257] III&ordf; q. 52 a. 8 co.</span></a> Respondeo
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diff changeset
4576 dicendum quod, sicut saepe dictum est, descensus Christi ad Inferos
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4577 liberatorius fuit in virtute passionis ipsius. Passio autem eius
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4578 non habuit temporalem virtutem et transitoriam sed sempiternam,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4579 secundum illud Heb. X, <i>una oblatione consummavit sanctificatos
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4580 in sempiternum</i>. Et sic patet quod non habuit tunc maiorem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4581 efficaciam passio Christi quam habeat nunc. Et ideo illi qui
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4582 fuerunt tales quales nunc sunt qui in Purgatorio detinentur, non
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4583 fuerunt a Purgatorio liberati per descensum Christi ad Inferos. Si
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4584 qui autem inventi sunt ibi tales quales etiam nunc virtute
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4585 passionis Christi a Purgatorio liberantur, tales nihil prohibet per
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4586 descensum Christi ad Inferos a Purgatorio esse liberatos.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4587 <p title="III q. 52 a. 8 ad 1"><a name="49258"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4588 "ref">[49258] III&ordf; q. 52 a. 8 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
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diff changeset
4589 dicendum quod ex illa auctoritate Augustini non potest concludi
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4590 quod omnes illi qui in Purgatorio erant, fuerint a Purgatorio
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4591 liberati, sed quod aliquibus eorum fuerit hoc beneficium collatum,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4592 illis scilicet qui iam sufficienter purgati erant; vel etiam qui,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4593 dum adhuc viverent, meruerunt per fidem et dilectionem, et
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diff changeset
4594 devotionem ad mortem Christi, ut, eo descendente, liberarentur a
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diff changeset
4595 temporali Purgatorii poena.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4596 <p title="III q. 52 a. 8 ad 2"><a name="49259"><span class=
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diff changeset
4597 "ref">[49259] III&ordf; q. 52 a. 8 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4598 dicendum quod virtus Christi operatur in sacramentis per modum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4599 sanationis et expiationis cuiusdam. Unde sacramentum Eucharistiae
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4600 liberat homines a Purgatorio inquantum est quoddam sacrificium
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4601 satisfactorium pro peccato. Descensus autem Christi ad Inferos non
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4602 fuit satisfactorius. Operabatur tamen in virtute passionis, quae
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4603 fuit satisfactoria, ut supra habitum est, sed erat satisfactoria in
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4604 generali, cuius virtutem oportebat applicari ad unumquemque per
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4605 aliquid specialiter ad ipsum pertinens. Et ideo non oportet quod
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4606 per descensum Christi ad Inferos omnes fuerint a Purgatorio
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diff changeset
4607 liberati.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4608 <p title="III q. 52 a. 8 ad 3"><a name="49260"><span class=
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diff changeset
4609 "ref">[49260] III&ordf; q. 52 a. 8 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4610 dicendum quod illi defectus a quibus Christus simul in hoc mundo
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4611 homines liberabat, erant personales, proprie ad unumquemque
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diff changeset
4612 pertinentes. Sed exclusio a gloria Dei erat quidam defectus
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diff changeset
4613 generalis pertinens ad totam humanam naturam. Et ideo nihil
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diff changeset
4614 prohibet eos qui erant in Purgatorio, per Christum esse liberatos
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diff changeset
4615 ab exclusione a gloria, non autem a reatu poenae Purgatorii, qui
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4616 pertinet ad proprium defectum. Sicut e converso sancti patres, ante
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4617 Christi adventum, liberati sunt a propriis defectibus, non autem a
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diff changeset
4618 defectu communi, sicut supra dictum est.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4619 <div class="centro"><br />
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diff changeset
4620 <p><a href="sth4040.html"><img src="icons/ageretro.gif" width="19"
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diff changeset
4621 height="19" align="middle" border="0" alt="age retro" /></a> &nbsp;
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diff changeset
4622 <a href="sth4053.html"><img src="icons/ageultra.gif" width="19"
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diff changeset
4623 height="19" align="middle" border="0" alt="age ultra" /></a></p>
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diff changeset
4624 <br />
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diff changeset
4625 <hr />
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diff changeset
4626 <br />
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diff changeset
4627 <address>&copy; 2006 Fundaci&oacute;n Tom&aacute;s de Aquino quoad
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diff changeset
4628 hanc editionem<br />
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4629 Iura omnia asservantur<br />
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4630 OCLC nr. <a href="http://worldcatlibraries.org/wcpa/oclc/49644264"
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diff changeset
4631 style="text-decoration=none">49644264</a></address>
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diff changeset
4632 </div>
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diff changeset
4633 </body>
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4634 </html>