Aquinas: summa/latin/sth3082.html annotate

annotate summa/latin/sth3082.html @ 34:2bc1f3a24bc0

fix p2

author	ht
date	Mon, 30 Nov 2009 21:59:53 +0000
parents	544e12f679ad
children	d777cc3962f2

rev	line source
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1 <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN"
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2 "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3 <html lang="LA" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="LA">
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4 <head>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5 <meta name="generator" content=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6 "HTML Tidy for Windows (vers 1st February 2005), see www.w3.org" />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7 <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	8 "text/html; charset=us-ascii" />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	9 <meta http-equiv="Content-Style-Type" content="text/css" />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	10 <meta http-equiv="Content-Script-Type" content="text/javascript" />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	11 <meta name="keywords" content=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	12 "Thomas de Aquino, Summa Theologiae, Corpus Thomisticum" />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	13 <meta name="language" content="Latin" />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	14 <meta name="security" content="public" />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	15 <meta name="owner" content="ealarcon@unav.es" />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	16 <meta name="author" content="Enrique Alarcón" />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	17 <meta name="abstract" content="" />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	18 <link rel="stylesheet" media="screen" href="vscreen.css" type=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	19 "text/css" />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	20 <link rel="stylesheet" media="print" href="vprint.css" type=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	21 "text/css" />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	22 <title>Thomas de Aquino, Summa Theologiae, IIª-IIae q.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	23 82-91</title>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	24 </head>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	25 <body>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	26 <a href="http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/"></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	27 <div class="tres">CORPUS THOMISTICUM</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	28 <div class="uno">Sancti Thomae de Aquino</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	29 <div class="uno">Summa Theologiae</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	30 <div class="dos">secunda pars secundae partis a quaestione LXXXII
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	31 ad XCI</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	32 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	33 <div class="centro">
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	34 <table align="center" summary="Imago">
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	35 <tr>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	36 <th><img src="icons/fugit190.jpg" width="275" height="190" border=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	37 "0" alt=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	38 "Thomas de Aquino a Filippino Lippi depictus (Cappella Carafa, S. Maria sopra Minerva, Roma)"
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	39 align="middle" /></th>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	40 </tr>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	41 </table>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	42 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	43 <span class="tres">Textum Leoninum Romae 1897 editum<br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	44 ac automato translatum a Roberto Busa SJ in taenias
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	45 magneticas<br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	46 denuo recognovit Enrique Alarcón atque instruxit<br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	47 <br /></span><br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	48 <hr />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	49 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	50 <p><a href="sth3081.html"><img src="icons/ageretro.gif" width="19"
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	51 height="19" align="middle" border="0" alt="age retro" /></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	52 <a href="sth3092.html"><img src="icons/ageultra.gif" width="19"
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	53 height="19" align="middle" border="0" alt="age ultra" /></a></p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	54 <script language="JavaScript" type="text/javascript">
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	55 //<![CDATA[
26 4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	56 <!--
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	57 // original code by Bill Trefzger 12/12/96; revised by Enrique Alarcon 12/9/2000
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	58 function go(){if(document.selecter.select1.options[document.selecter.select1.selectedIndex].value !="none"){location=document.selecter.select1.options[document.selecter.select1.selectedIndex].value}}
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	59 document.write('<FORM NAME="selecter"><SELECT NAME="select1">');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	60 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="none">INDEX');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	61 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="none">------------------------------------------------');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	62 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="index.html">Corpus Thomisticum');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	63 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="iopera.html">Opera omnia');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	64 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="zbiblia.html">Bibliographia Thomistica');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	65 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="none">------------------------------------------------');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	66 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#42428">IIª-IIae q. 82 pr.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	67 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#42429">IIª-IIae q. 82 a. 1 arg. 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	68 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#42430">IIª-IIae q. 82 a. 1 arg. 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	69 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#42431">IIª-IIae q. 82 a. 1 arg. 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	70 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#42432">IIª-IIae q. 82 a. 1 s. c.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	71 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#42433">IIª-IIae q. 82 a. 1 co.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	72 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#42434">IIª-IIae q. 82 a. 1 ad 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	73 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#42435">IIª-IIae q. 82 a. 1 ad 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	74 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#42436">IIª-IIae q. 82 a. 1 ad 3');
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4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	78 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#42440">IIª-IIae q. 82 a. 2 s. c.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	79 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#42441">IIª-IIae q. 82 a. 2 co.');
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4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	81 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#42443">IIª-IIae q. 82 a. 2 ad 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	82 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#42444">IIª-IIae q. 82 a. 2 ad 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	83 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#42445">IIª-IIae q. 82 a. 3 arg. 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	84 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#42446">IIª-IIae q. 82 a. 3 arg. 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	85 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#42447">IIª-IIae q. 82 a. 3 arg. 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	86 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#42448">IIª-IIae q. 82 a. 3 s. c.');
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4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	90 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#42452">IIª-IIae q. 82 a. 3 ad 3');
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4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	95 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#42457">IIª-IIae q. 82 a. 4 co.');
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4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	98 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#42460">IIª-IIae q. 82 a. 4 ad 3');
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4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	102 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#42464">IIª-IIae q. 83 a. 1 arg. 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	103 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#42465">IIª-IIae q. 83 a. 1 s. c.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	104 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#42466">IIª-IIae q. 83 a. 1 co.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	105 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#42467">IIª-IIae q. 83 a. 1 ad 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	106 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#42468">IIª-IIae q. 83 a. 1 ad 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	107 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#42469">IIª-IIae q. 83 a. 1 ad 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	108 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#42470">IIª-IIae q. 83 a. 2 arg. 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	109 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#42471">IIª-IIae q. 83 a. 2 arg. 2');
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4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	111 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#42473">IIª-IIae q. 83 a. 2 s. c.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	112 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#42474">IIª-IIae q. 83 a. 2 co.');
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4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	114 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#42476">IIª-IIae q. 83 a. 2 ad 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	115 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#42477">IIª-IIae q. 83 a. 2 ad 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	116 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#42478">IIª-IIae q. 83 a. 3 arg. 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	117 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#42479">IIª-IIae q. 83 a. 3 arg. 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	118 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#42480">IIª-IIae q. 83 a. 3 arg. 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	119 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#42481">IIª-IIae q. 83 a. 3 s. c.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	120 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#42482">IIª-IIae q. 83 a. 3 co.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	121 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#42483">IIª-IIae q. 83 a. 3 ad 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	122 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#42484">IIª-IIae q. 83 a. 3 ad 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	123 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#42485">IIª-IIae q. 83 a. 3 ad 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	124 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#42486">IIª-IIae q. 83 a. 4 arg. 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	125 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#42487">IIª-IIae q. 83 a. 4 arg. 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	126 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#42488">IIª-IIae q. 83 a. 4 arg. 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	127 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#42489">IIª-IIae q. 83 a. 4 s. c.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	128 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#42490">IIª-IIae q. 83 a. 4 co.');
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4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	132 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#42494">IIª-IIae q. 83 a. 5 arg. 1');
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4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	140 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#42502">IIª-IIae q. 83 a. 6 arg. 1');
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4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	143 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#42505">IIª-IIae q. 83 a. 6 arg. 4');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	144 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#42506">IIª-IIae q. 83 a. 6 s. c.');
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4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	150 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#42512">IIª-IIae q. 83 a. 7 arg. 1');
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4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	530 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#42892">IIª-IIae q. 89 a. 6 ad 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	531 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#42893">IIª-IIae q. 89 a. 7 arg. 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	532 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#42894">IIª-IIae q. 89 a. 7 arg. 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	533 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#42895">IIª-IIae q. 89 a. 7 arg. 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	534 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#42896">IIª-IIae q. 89 a. 7 arg. 4');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	535 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#42897">IIª-IIae q. 89 a. 7 s. c.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	536 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#42898">IIª-IIae q. 89 a. 7 co.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	537 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#42899">IIª-IIae q. 89 a. 7 ad 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	538 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#42900">IIª-IIae q. 89 a. 7 ad 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	539 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#42901">IIª-IIae q. 89 a. 7 ad 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	540 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#42902">IIª-IIae q. 89 a. 7 ad 4');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	541 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#42903">IIª-IIae q. 89 a. 8 arg. 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	542 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#42904">IIª-IIae q. 89 a. 8 arg. 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	543 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#42905">IIª-IIae q. 89 a. 8 arg. 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	544 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#42906">IIª-IIae q. 89 a. 8 s. c.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	545 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#42907">IIª-IIae q. 89 a. 8 co.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	546 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#42908">IIª-IIae q. 89 a. 8 ad 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	547 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#42909">IIª-IIae q. 89 a. 8 ad 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	548 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#42910">IIª-IIae q. 89 a. 8 ad 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	549 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#42911">IIª-IIae q. 89 a. 9 arg. 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	550 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#42912">IIª-IIae q. 89 a. 9 arg. 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	551 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#42913">IIª-IIae q. 89 a. 9 arg. 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	552 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#42914">IIª-IIae q. 89 a. 9 s. c.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	553 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#42915">IIª-IIae q. 89 a. 9 co.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	554 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#42916">IIª-IIae q. 89 a. 9 ad 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	555 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#42917">IIª-IIae q. 89 a. 9 ad 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	556 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#42918">IIª-IIae q. 89 a. 9 ad 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	557 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#42919">IIª-IIae q. 89 a. 10 arg. 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	558 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#42920">IIª-IIae q. 89 a. 10 arg. 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	559 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#42921">IIª-IIae q. 89 a. 10 arg. 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	560 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#42922">IIª-IIae q. 89 a. 10 arg. 4');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	561 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#42923">IIª-IIae q. 89 a. 10 s. c.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	562 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#42924">IIª-IIae q. 89 a. 10 co.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	563 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#42925">IIª-IIae q. 89 a. 10 ad 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	564 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#42926">IIª-IIae q. 89 a. 10 ad 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	565 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#42927">IIª-IIae q. 89 a. 10 ad 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	566 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#42928">IIª-IIae q. 89 a. 10 ad 4');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	567 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#42929">IIª-IIae q. 90 pr.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	568 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#42930">IIª-IIae q. 90 a. 1 arg. 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	569 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#42931">IIª-IIae q. 90 a. 1 arg. 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	570 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#42932">IIª-IIae q. 90 a. 1 arg. 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	571 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#42933">IIª-IIae q. 90 a. 1 s. c.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	572 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#42934">IIª-IIae q. 90 a. 1 co.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	573 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#42935">IIª-IIae q. 90 a. 1 ad 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	574 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#42936">IIª-IIae q. 90 a. 1 ad 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	575 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#42937">IIª-IIae q. 90 a. 1 ad 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	576 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#42938">IIª-IIae q. 90 a. 2 arg. 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	577 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#42939">IIª-IIae q. 90 a. 2 arg. 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	578 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#42940">IIª-IIae q. 90 a. 2 arg. 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	579 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#42941">IIª-IIae q. 90 a. 2 s. c.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	580 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#42942">IIª-IIae q. 90 a. 2 co.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	581 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#42943">IIª-IIae q. 90 a. 2 ad 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	582 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#42944">IIª-IIae q. 90 a. 2 ad 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	583 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#42945">IIª-IIae q. 90 a. 2 ad 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	584 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#42946">IIª-IIae q. 90 a. 3 arg. 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	585 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#42947">IIª-IIae q. 90 a. 3 arg. 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	586 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#42948">IIª-IIae q. 90 a. 3 arg. 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	587 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#42949">IIª-IIae q. 90 a. 3 s. c.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	588 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#42950">IIª-IIae q. 90 a. 3 co.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	589 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#42951">IIª-IIae q. 90 a. 3 ad');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	590 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#42952">IIª-IIae q. 91 pr.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	591 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#42953">IIª-IIae q. 91 a. 1 arg. 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	592 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#42954">IIª-IIae q. 91 a. 1 arg. 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	593 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#42955">IIª-IIae q. 91 a. 1 arg. 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	594 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#42956">IIª-IIae q. 91 a. 1 s. c.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	595 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#42957">IIª-IIae q. 91 a. 1 co.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	596 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#42958">IIª-IIae q. 91 a. 1 ad 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	597 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#42959">IIª-IIae q. 91 a. 1 ad 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	598 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#42960">IIª-IIae q. 91 a. 1 ad 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	599 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#42961">IIª-IIae q. 91 a. 2 arg. 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	600 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#42962">IIª-IIae q. 91 a. 2 arg. 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	601 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#42963">IIª-IIae q. 91 a. 2 arg. 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	602 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#42964">IIª-IIae q. 91 a. 2 arg. 4');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	603 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#42965">IIª-IIae q. 91 a. 2 arg. 5');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	604 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#42966">IIª-IIae q. 91 a. 2 s. c.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	605 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#42967">IIª-IIae q. 91 a. 2 co.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	606 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#42968">IIª-IIae q. 91 a. 2 ad 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	607 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#42969">IIª-IIae q. 91 a. 2 ad 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	608 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#42970">IIª-IIae q. 91 a. 2 ad 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	609 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#42971">IIª-IIae q. 91 a. 2 ad 4');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	610 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#42972">IIª-IIae q. 91 a. 2 ad 5');
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	611 document.write('<\/SELECT>');
26 4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	612 document.write('<BR><BR>');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	613 document.write('<INPUT TYPE="button" VALUE="Agedum" ONCLICK="go()">');
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	614 document.write('<\/FORM>');
26 4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	615 // -->
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	616 //]]>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	617 </script><br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	618 <hr />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	619 <br /></div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	620 <div class="D">Quaestio 82</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	621 <div class="G">Prooemium</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	622 <p title="II-II q. 82 pr."><a name="42428"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	623 "ref">[42428] IIª-IIae q. 82 pr.</span></a> Deinde
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	624 considerandum est de actibus religionis. Et primo, de actibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	625 interioribus, qui, secundum praedicta, sunt principaliores;
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	626 secundo, de actibus exterioribus, qui sunt secundarii. Interiores
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	627 autem actus religionis videntur esse devotio et oratio. Primo ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	628 de devotione agendum est; secundo, de oratione. Circa primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	629 quaeruntur quatuor. Primo, utrum devotio sit specialis actus.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	630 Secundo, utrum sit actus religionis. Tertio, de causa devotionis.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	631 Quarto, de eius effectu.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	632 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	633 <div class="E">Articulus 1</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	634 <p title="II-II q. 82 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="42429"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	635 "ref">[42429] IIª-IIae q. 82 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	636 sic proceditur. Videtur quod devotio non sit specialis actus. Illud
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	637 enim quod pertinet ad modum aliorum actuum non videtur esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	638 specialis actus. Sed devotio videtur pertinere ad modum aliorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	639 actuum, dicitur enim II Paral. XXIX, <i>obtulit universa multitudo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	640 hostias et laudes et holocausta mente devota</i>. Ergo devotio non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	641 est specialis actus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	642 <p title="II-II q. 82 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="42430"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	643 "ref">[42430] IIª-IIae q. 82 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	644 nullus specialis actus invenitur in diversis generibus actuum. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	645 devotio invenitur in diversis generibus actuum, scilicet in actibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	646 corporalibus et etiam in spiritualibus, dicitur enim aliquis et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	647 devote meditari et devote genu flectere. Ergo devotio non est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	648 specialis actus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	649 <p title="II-II q. 82 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="42431"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	650 "ref">[42431] IIª-IIae q. 82 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	651 omnis actus specialis aut est appetitivae aut cognoscitivae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	652 virtutis. Sed devotio neutri earum appropriatur, ut patet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	653 discurrenti per singulas species actuum utriusque partis, quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	654 supra enumeratae sunt. Ergo devotio non est specialis actus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	655 <p title="II-II q. 82 a. 1 s. c."><a name="42432"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	656 "ref">[42432] IIª-IIae q. 82 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	657 est quod actibus meremur, ut supra habitum est. Sed devotio habet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	658 specialem rationem merendi. Ergo devotio est specialis actus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	659 <p title="II-II q. 82 a. 1 co."><a name="42433"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	660 "ref">[42433] IIª-IIae q. 82 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	661 dicendum quod devotio dicitur a devovendo, unde devoti dicuntur qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	662 seipsos quodammodo Deo devovent, ut ei se totaliter subdant.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	663 Propter quod et olim apud gentiles devoti dicebantur qui seipsos
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	664 idolis devovebant in mortem pro sui salute exercitus, sicut de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	665 duobus Deciis Titus Livius narrat. Unde devotio nihil aliud esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	666 videtur quam voluntas quaedam prompte tradendi se ad ea quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	667 pertinent ad Dei famulatum. Unde Exod. XXXV dicitur quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	668 <i>multitudo filiorum Israel obtulit mente promptissima atque
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	669 devota primitias domino</i>. Manifestum est autem quod voluntas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	670 prompte faciendi quod ad Dei servitium pertinet est quidam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	671 specialis actus. Unde devotio est specialis actus voluntatis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	672 <p title="II-II q. 82 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="42434"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	673 "ref">[42434] IIª-IIae q. 82 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	674 ergo dicendum quod movens imponit modum motui mobilis. Voluntas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	675 autem movet alias vires animae ad suos actus, et voluntas secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	676 quod est finis, movet seipsam ad ea quae sunt ad finem, ut supra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	677 habitum est. Et ideo, cum devotio sit actus voluntatis hominis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	678 offerentis seipsum Deo ad ei serviendum, qui est ultimus finis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	679 consequens est quod devotio imponat modum humanis actibus, sive
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	680 sint ipsius voluntatis circa ea quae sunt ad finem, sive etiam sint
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	681 aliarum potentiarum quae a voluntate moventur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	682 <p title="II-II q. 82 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="42435"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	683 "ref">[42435] IIª-IIae q. 82 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	684 dicendum quod devotio invenitur in diversis generibus actuum non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	685 sicut species illorum generum, sed sicut motio moventis invenitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	686 virtute in motibus mobilium.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	687 <p title="II-II q. 82 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="42436"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	688 "ref">[42436] IIª-IIae q. 82 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	689 dicendum quod devotio est actus appetitivae partis animae, et est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	690 quidam motus voluntatis, ut dictum est.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	691 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	692 <div class="E">Articulus 2</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	693 <p title="II-II q. 82 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="42437"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	694 "ref">[42437] IIª-IIae q. 82 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	695 secundum sic proceditur. Videtur quod devotio non sit actus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	696 religionis. Devotio enim, ut dictum est, ad hoc pertinet quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	697 aliquis Deo se tradat. Sed hoc maxime fit per caritatem, quia, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	698 Dionysius dicit, IV cap. de Div. Nom., <i>divinus amor extasim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	699 facit, non sinens amantes sui ipsorum esse, sed eorum quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	700 amant</i>. Ergo devotio magis est actus caritatis quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	701 religionis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	702 <p title="II-II q. 82 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="42438"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	703 "ref">[42438] IIª-IIae q. 82 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	704 caritas praecedit religionem. Devotio autem videtur praecedere
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	705 caritatem, quia caritas in Scripturis significatur per ignem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	706 devotio vero per pinguedinem, quae est ignis materia. Ergo devotio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	707 non est actus religionis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	708 <p title="II-II q. 82 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="42439"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	709 "ref">[42439] IIª-IIae q. 82 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	710 per religionem homo ordinatur solum ad Deum, ut dictum est. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	711 devotio etiam habetur ad homines, dicuntur enim aliqui esse devoti
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	712 aliquibus sanctis viris; et etiam subditi dicuntur esse devoti
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	713 dominis suis, sicut Leo Papa dicit quod Iudaei, quasi devoti
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	714 Romanis legibus, dixerunt, non habemus regem nisi Caesarem. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	715 devotio non est actus religionis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	716 <p title="II-II q. 82 a. 2 s. c."><a name="42440"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	717 "ref">[42440] IIª-IIae q. 82 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	718 est quod devotio dicitur a devovendo, ut dictum est. Sed votum est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	719 actus religionis. Ergo et devotio.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	720 <p title="II-II q. 82 a. 2 co."><a name="42441"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	721 "ref">[42441] IIª-IIae q. 82 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	722 dicendum quod ad eandem virtutem pertinet velle facere aliquid, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	723 promptam voluntatem habere ad illud faciendum, quia utriusque actus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	724 est idem obiectum. Propter quod philosophus dicit, in V Ethic.,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	725 <i>iustitia est qua volunt homines et operantur iusta</i>.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	726 Manifestum est autem quod operari ea quae pertinent ad divinum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	727 cultum seu famulatum pertinet proprie ad religionem, ut ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	728 praedictis patet. Unde etiam ad eam pertinet habere promptam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	729 voluntatem ad huiusmodi exequenda, quod est esse devotum. Et sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	730 patet quod devotio est actus religionis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	731 <p title="II-II q. 82 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="42442"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	732 "ref">[42442] IIª-IIae q. 82 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	733 ergo dicendum quod ad caritatem pertinet immediate quod homo tradat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	734 seipsum Deo adhaerendo ei per quandam spiritus unionem. Sed quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	735 homo tradat seipsum Deo ad aliqua opera divini cultus, hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	736 immediate pertinet ad religionem, mediate autem ad caritatem, quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	737 est religionis principium.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	738 <p title="II-II q. 82 a. 2 ad 2"><a name="42443"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	739 "ref">[42443] IIª-IIae q. 82 a. 2 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	740 dicendum quod pinguedo corporalis et generatur per calorem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	741 naturalem digerentem; et ipsum naturalem calorem conservat quasi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	742 eius nutrimentum. Et similiter caritas et devotionem causat,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	743 inquantum ex amore aliquis redditur promptus ad serviendum amico;
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	744 et etiam per devotionem caritas nutritur, sicut et quaelibet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	745 amicitia conservatur et augetur per amicabilium operum exercitium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	746 et meditationem.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	747 <p title="II-II q. 82 a. 2 ad 3"><a name="42444"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	748 "ref">[42444] IIª-IIae q. 82 a. 2 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	749 dicendum quod devotio quae habetur ad sanctos Dei, mortuos vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	750 vivos, non terminatur ad ipsos, sed transit in Deum, inquantum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	751 scilicet in ministris Dei Deum veneramur. Devotio autem quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	752 subditi dicuntur habere ad dominos temporales alterius est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	753 rationis, sicut et temporalibus dominis famulari differt a famulatu
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	754 divino.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	755 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	756 <div class="E">Articulus 3</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	757 <p title="II-II q. 82 a. 3 arg. 1"><a name="42445"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	758 "ref">[42445] IIª-IIae q. 82 a. 3 arg. 1</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	759 sic proceditur. Videtur quod contemplatio, seu meditatio, non sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	760 devotionis causa. Nulla enim causa impedit suum effectum. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	761 subtiles meditationes intelligibilium multoties devotionem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	762 impediunt. Ergo contemplatio, seu meditatio, non est devotionis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	763 causa.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	764 <p title="II-II q. 82 a. 3 arg. 2"><a name="42446"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	765 "ref">[42446] IIª-IIae q. 82 a. 3 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	766 si contemplatio esset propria et per se devotionis causa, oporteret
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	767 quod ea quae sunt altioris contemplationis magis devotionem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	768 excitarent. Huius autem contrarium apparet, frequenter enim maior
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	769 devotio excitatur ex consideratione passionis Christi, et aliis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	770 mysteriis humanitatis ipsius, quam ex consideratione divinae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	771 magnitudinis. Ergo contemplatio non est propria devotionis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	772 causa.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	773 <p title="II-II q. 82 a. 3 arg. 3"><a name="42447"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	774 "ref">[42447] IIª-IIae q. 82 a. 3 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	775 si contemplatio esset propria causa devotionis, oporteret quod illi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	776 qui sunt magis apti ad contemplationem essent etiam magis apti ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	777 devotionem. Huius autem contrarium videmus, quia devotio frequenter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	778 magis invenitur in quibusdam simplicibus viris et in femineo sexu,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	779 in quibus invenitur contemplationis defectus. Ergo contemplatio non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	780 est propria causa devotionis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	781 <p title="II-II q. 82 a. 3 s. c."><a name="42448"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	782 "ref">[42448] IIª-IIae q. 82 a. 3 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	783 est quod in Psalm. dicitur, <i>in meditatione mea exardescet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	784 ignis</i>. Sed ignis spiritualis causat devotionem. Ergo meditatio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	785 est devotionis causa.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	786 <p title="II-II q. 82 a. 3 co."><a name="42449"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	787 "ref">[42449] IIª-IIae q. 82 a. 3 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	788 dicendum quod causa devotionis extrinseca et principalis Deus est;
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	789 de quo dicit Ambrosius, super Luc., quod <i>Deus quos dignatur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	790 vocat, et quem vult religiosum facit, et si voluisset, Samaritanos
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	791 ex indevotis devotos fecisset</i>. Causa autem intrinseca ex parte
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	792 nostra, oportet quod sit meditatio seu contemplatio. Dictum est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	793 enim quod devotio est quidam voluntatis actus ad hoc quod homo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	794 prompte se tradat ad divinum obsequium. Omnis autem actus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	795 voluntatis ex aliqua consideratione procedit, eo quod bonum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	796 intellectum est obiectum voluntatis, unde et Augustinus dicit, in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	797 libro de Trin., quod voluntas oritur ex intelligentia. Et ideo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	798 necesse est quod meditatio sit devotionis causa, inquantum scilicet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	799 per meditationem homo concipit quod se tradat divino obsequio. Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	800 quod quidem inducit duplex consideratio. Una quidem quae est ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	801 parte divinae bonitatis et beneficiorum ipsius, secundum illud
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	802 Psalm., <i>mihi adhaerere Deo bonum est, ponere in domino Deo spem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	803 meam</i>. Et haec consideratio excitat dilectionem, quae est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	804 proxima devotionis causa. Alia vero est ex parte hominis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	805 considerantis suos defectus, ex quibus indiget ut Deo innitatur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	806 secundum illud Psalm., <i>levavi oculos meos in montes, unde veniet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	807 auxilium mihi. Auxilium meum a domino, qui fecit caelum et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	808 terram</i>. Et haec consideratio excludit praesumptionem, per quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	809 aliquis impeditur ne Deo se subiiciat, dum suae virtuti
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	810 innititur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	811 <p title="II-II q. 82 a. 3 ad 1"><a name="42450"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	812 "ref">[42450] IIª-IIae q. 82 a. 3 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	813 ergo dicendum quod consideratio eorum quae nata sunt dilectionem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	814 Dei excitare, devotionem causant. Consideratio vero quorumcumque ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	815 hoc non pertinentium, sed ab his mentem distrahentium, impedit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	816 devotionem.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	817 <p title="II-II q. 82 a. 3 ad 2"><a name="42451"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	818 "ref">[42451] IIª-IIae q. 82 a. 3 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	819 dicendum quod ea quae sunt divinitatis sunt secundum se maxime
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	820 excitantia dilectionem, et per consequens devotionem, quia Deus est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	821 super omnia diligendus. Sed ex debilitate mentis humanae est quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	822 sicut indiget manuduci ad cognitionem divinorum, ita ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	823 dilectionem, per aliqua sensibilia nobis nota. Inter quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	824 praecipuum est humanitas Christi, secundum quod in praefatione
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	825 dicitur, <i>ut dum visibiliter Deum cognoscimus, per hunc in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	826 invisibilium amorem rapiamur</i>. Et ideo ea quae pertinent ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	827 Christi humanitatem, per modum cuiusdam manuductionis, maxime
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	828 devotionem excitant, cum tamen devotio principaliter circa ea quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	829 sunt divinitatis consistat.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	830 <p title="II-II q. 82 a. 3 ad 3"><a name="42452"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	831 "ref">[42452] IIª-IIae q. 82 a. 3 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	832 dicendum quod scientia, et quidquid aliud ad magnitudinem pertinet,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	833 occasio est quod homo confidat de seipso, et ideo non totaliter se
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	834 Deo tradat. Et inde est quod huiusmodi quandoque occasionaliter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	835 devotionem impediunt, et in simplicibus et mulieribus devotio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	836 abundat, elationem comprimendo. Si tamen scientiam, et quamcumque
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	837 aliam perfectionem, homo perfecte Deo subdat, ex hoc ipso devotio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	838 augetur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	839 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	840 <div class="E">Articulus 4</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	841 <p title="II-II q. 82 a. 4 arg. 1"><a name="42453"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	842 "ref">[42453] IIª-IIae q. 82 a. 4 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quartum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	843 sic proceditur. Videtur quod laetitia non sit devotionis effectus.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	844 Quia, ut dictum est, passio Christi praecipue ad devotionem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	845 excitat. Sed ex eius consideratione consequitur in anima quaedam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	846 afflictio, secundum illud Thren. III, <i>recordare paupertatis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	847 meae, absinthii et fellis</i>, quod pertinet ad passionem; et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	848 subditur, <i>memoria memor ero, et tabescet in me anima mea</i>.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	849 Ergo delectatio, sive gaudium, non est devotionis effectus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	850 <p title="II-II q. 82 a. 4 arg. 2"><a name="42454"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	851 "ref">[42454] IIª-IIae q. 82 a. 4 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	852 devotio praecipue consistit in interiori sacrificio spiritus. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	853 in Psalm. dicitur, <i>sacrificium Deo spiritus contribulatus</i>.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	854 Ergo afflictio magis est devotionis effectus quam iucunditas sive
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	855 gaudium.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	856 <p title="II-II q. 82 a. 4 arg. 3"><a name="42455"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	857 "ref">[42455] IIª-IIae q. 82 a. 4 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	858 Gregorius Nyssenus dicit, in libro de homine, quod <i>sicut risus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	859 procedit ex gaudio, ita lacrimae et gemitus sunt signa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	860 tristitiae</i>. Sed ex devotione contingit quod aliqui prorumpant
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	861 in lacrimas. Ergo laetitia, vel gaudium, non est devotionis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	862 effectus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	863 <p title="II-II q. 82 a. 4 s. c."><a name="42456"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	864 "ref">[42456] IIª-IIae q. 82 a. 4 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	865 est quod in collecta dicitur, <i>quos ieiunia votiva castigant,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	866 ipsa quoque devotio sancta laetificet</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	867 <p title="II-II q. 82 a. 4 co."><a name="42457"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	868 "ref">[42457] IIª-IIae q. 82 a. 4 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	869 dicendum quod devotio per se quidem et principaliter spiritualem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	870 laetitiam mentis causat, ex consequenti autem et per accidens
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	871 causat tristitiam. Dictum est enim quod devotio ex duplici
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	872 consideratione procedit. Principaliter quidem ex consideratione
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	873 divinae bonitatis, quia ista consideratio pertinet quasi ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	874 terminum motus voluntatis tradentis se Deo. Et ex ista
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	875 consideratione per se quidem sequitur delectatio, secundum illud
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	876 Psalm., <i>memor fui Dei, et delectatus sum</i>, sed per accidens
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	877 haec consideratio tristitiam quandam causat in his qui nondum plene
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	878 Deo fruuntur, secundum illud Psalm., <i>sitivit anima mea ad Deum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	879 vivum</i>, et postea sequitur, <i>fuerunt mihi lacrimae meae</i> et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	880 cetera. Secundario vero causatur devotio, ut dictum est, ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	881 consideratione propriorum defectuum, nam haec consideratio pertinet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	882 ad terminum a quo homo per motum voluntatis devotae recedit, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	883 scilicet non in se existat, sed Deo se subdat. Haec autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	884 consideratio e converso se habet ad primam. Nam per se quidem nata
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	885 est tristitiam causare, recogitando proprios defectus, per accidens
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	886 autem laetitiam, scilicet propter spem divinae subventionis. Et sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	887 patet quod ad devotionem primo et per se consequitur delectatio,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	888 secundario autem et per accidens tristitia quae est secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	889 Deum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	890 <p title="II-II q. 82 a. 4 ad 1"><a name="42458"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	891 "ref">[42458] IIª-IIae q. 82 a. 4 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	892 ergo dicendum quod in consideratione passionis Christi est aliquid
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	893 quod contristet, scilicet defectus humanus, propter quem tollendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	894 Christum pati oportuit, et est aliquid quod laetificet, scilicet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	895 Dei erga nos benignitas, quae nobis de tali liberatione
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	896 providit.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	897 <p title="II-II q. 82 a. 4 ad 2"><a name="42459"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	898 "ref">[42459] IIª-IIae q. 82 a. 4 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	899 dicendum quod spiritus qui ex una parte contribulatur propter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	900 praesentis vitae defectus, ex alia parte condelectatur ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	901 consideratione divinae bonitatis et ex spe divini auxilii.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	902 <p title="II-II q. 82 a. 4 ad 3"><a name="42460"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	903 "ref">[42460] IIª-IIae q. 82 a. 4 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	904 dicendum quod lacrimae prorumpunt non solum ex tristitia, sed etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	905 ex quadam affectus teneritudine, praecipue cum consideratur aliquid
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	906 delectabile cum permixtione alicuius tristabilis; sicut solent
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	907 homines lacrimari ex pietatis affectu cum recuperant filios vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	908 caros amicos quos aestimaverant se perdidisse. Et per hunc modum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	909 lacrimae ex devotione procedunt.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	910 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	911 <div class="D">Quaestio 83</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	912 <div class="G">Prooemium</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	913 <p title="II-II q. 83 pr."><a name="42461"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	914 "ref">[42461] IIª-IIae q. 83 pr.</span></a> Deinde
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	915 considerandum est de oratione. Et circa hoc quaeruntur decem et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	916 septem. Primo, utrum oratio sit actus appetitivae virtutis vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	917 cognitivae. Secundo, utrum conveniens sit orare. Tertio, utrum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	918 oratio sit actus religionis. Quarto, utrum solus Deus sit orandus.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	919 Quinto, utrum in oratione sit aliquid determinate petendum. Sexto,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	920 utrum orando debeamus temporalia petere. Septimo, utrum pro aliis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	921 orare debeamus. Octavo, utrum debeamus orare pro inimicis. Nono, de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	922 septem petitionibus orationis dominicae. Decimo, utrum orare sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	923 proprium rationalis creaturae. Undecimo, utrum sancti in patria
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	924 orent pro nobis. Duodecimo, utrum, oratio debeat esse vocalis.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	925 Tertiodecimo, utrum attentio requiratur ad orationem. Quartodecimo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	926 utrum oratio debeat esse diuturna. Quintodecimo, utrum oratio sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	927 efficax ad impetrandum quod petitur. Sextodecimo, utrum sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	928 meritoria. Septimodecimo, de speciebus orationis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	929 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	930 <div class="E">Articulus 1</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	931 <p title="II-II q. 83 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="42462"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	932 "ref">[42462] IIª-IIae q. 83 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	933 sic proceditur. Videtur quod oratio sit actus appetitivae virtutis.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	934 Orationis enim est exaudiri. Sed desiderium est quod exauditur a
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	935 Deo, secundum illud Psalm., <i>desiderium pauperum exaudivit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	936 dominus</i>. Ergo oratio est desiderium. Sed desiderium est actus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	937 appetitivae virtutis. Ergo et oratio.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	938 <p title="II-II q. 83 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="42463"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	939 "ref">[42463] IIª-IIae q. 83 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	940 Dionysius dicit, in III cap. de Div. Nom., <i>ante omnia ab
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	941 oratione incipere est utile, sicut Deo nosipsos tradentes et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	942 unientes</i>. Sed unio ad Deum per amorem fit, qui pertinet ad vim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	943 appetitivam. Ergo oratio ad vim appetitivam pertinet.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	944 <p title="II-II q. 83 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="42464"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	945 "ref">[42464] IIª-IIae q. 83 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	946 philosophus, in III de anima, ponit duas operationes intellectivae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	947 partis, quarum prima est indivisibilium intelligentia, per quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	948 scilicet apprehendimus de unoquoque quid est; secunda vero est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	949 compositio et divisio, per quam scilicet apprehenditur aliquid esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	950 vel non esse. Quibus tertia additur ratiocinari, procedendo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	951 scilicet de notis ad ignota. Sed oratio ad nullam istarum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	952 operationum reducitur. Ergo non est actus intellectivae virtutis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	953 sed appetitivae.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	954 <p title="II-II q. 83 a. 1 s. c."><a name="42465"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	955 "ref">[42465] IIª-IIae q. 83 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	956 est quod Isidorus dicit, in libro Etymol., quod orare idem est quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	957 dicere. Sed dictio pertinet ad intellectum. Ergo oratio non est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	958 actus appetitivae virtutis, sed intellectivae.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	959 <p title="II-II q. 83 a. 1 co."><a name="42466"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	960 "ref">[42466] IIª-IIae q. 83 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	961 dicendum quod, secundum Cassiodorum, oratio dicitur quasi oris
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	962 ratio. Ratio autem speculativa et practica in hoc differunt quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	963 ratio speculativa est apprehensiva solum rerum; ratio vero practica
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	964 est non solum apprehensiva, sed etiam causativa. Est autem aliquid
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	965 alterius causa dupliciter. Uno quidem modo, perfecte, necessitatem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	966 inducendo, et hoc contingit quando effectus totaliter subditur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	967 potestati causae. Alio vero modo, imperfecte, solum disponendo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	968 quando scilicet effectus non subditur totaliter potestati causae.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	969 Sic igitur et ratio dupliciter est causa aliquorum. Uno quidem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	970 modo, sicut necessitatem imponens, et hoc modo ad rationem pertinet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	971 imperare non solum inferioribus potentiis et membris corporis, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	972 etiam hominibus subiectis, quod quidem fit imperando. Alio modo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	973 sicut inducens et quodammodo disponens, et hoc modo ratio petit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	974 aliquid fieri ab his qui ei non subiiciuntur, sive sint aequales
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	975 sive sint superiores. Utrumque autem horum, scilicet imperare et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	976 petere sive deprecari, ordinationem quandam important, prout
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	977 scilicet homo disponit aliquid per aliud esse faciendum. Unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	978 pertinent ad rationem, cuius est ordinare, propter quod philosophus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	979 dicit, in I Ethic., quod ad optima deprecatur ratio. Sic autem nunc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	980 loquimur de oratione, prout significat quandam deprecationem vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	981 petitionem, secundum quod Augustinus dicit, in libro de Verb. Dom.,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	982 quod oratio petitio quaedam est; et Damascenus dicit, in III libro,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	983 quod oratio est petitio decentium a Deo. Sic ergo patet quod oratio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	984 de qua nunc loquimur, est rationis actus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	985 <p title="II-II q. 83 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="42467"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	986 "ref">[42467] IIª-IIae q. 83 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	987 ergo dicendum quod desiderium pauperum dicitur dominus exaudire,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	988 vel quia desiderium est causa petendi, cum petitio sit quodammodo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	989 desiderii interpres. Vel hoc dicitur ad ostendendum exauditionis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	990 velocitatem, quia scilicet dum adhuc aliquid in desiderio pauperum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	991 est, Deus exaudit, antequam orationem proponant; secundum illud
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	992 Isaiae LXV, <i>eritque, antequam clament, ego exaudiam</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	993 <p title="II-II q. 83 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="42468"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	994 "ref">[42468] IIª-IIae q. 83 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	995 dicendum quod, sicut supra dictum est, voluntas movet rationem ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	996 suum finem. Unde nihil prohibet, movente voluntate, actum rationis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	997 tendere in finem caritatis, qui est Deo uniri. Tendit autem oratio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	998 in Deum quasi a voluntate caritatis mota, dupliciter. Uno quidem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	999 modo, ex parte eius quod petitur, quia hoc praecipue est in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1000 oratione petendum, ut Deo uniamur; secundum illud Psalm., <i>unam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1001 petii a domino, hanc requiram, ut inhabitem in domo domini omnibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1002 diebus vitae meae</i>. Alio modo, ex parte ipsius petentis, quem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1003 oportet accedere ad eum a quo petit, vel loco, sicut ad hominem;
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1004 vel mente, sicut ad Deum. Unde dicit ibidem quod, <i>quando
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1005 orationibus invocamus Deum, revelata mente adsumus ipsi</i>. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1006 secundum hoc etiam Damascenus dicit quod <i>oratio est ascensus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1007 intellectus in Deum</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1008 <p title="II-II q. 83 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="42469"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1009 "ref">[42469] IIª-IIae q. 83 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1010 dicendum quod illi tres actus pertinent ad rationem speculativam.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1011 Sed ulterius ad rationem practicam pertinet causare aliquid per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1012 modum imperii vel per modum petitionis, ut dictum est.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1013 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1014 <div class="E">Articulus 2</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1015 <p title="II-II q. 83 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="42470"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1016 "ref">[42470] IIª-IIae q. 83 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1017 secundum sic proceditur. Videtur quod non sit conveniens orare.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1018 Oratio enim videtur esse necessaria ad hoc quod intimemus ei a quo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1019 petimus id quo indigemus. Sed, sicut dicitur Matth. VI, <i>scit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1020 pater vester quia his indigetis</i>. Ergo non est conveniens Deum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1021 orare.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1022 <p title="II-II q. 83 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="42471"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1023 "ref">[42471] IIª-IIae q. 83 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1024 per orationem flectitur animus eius qui oratur ut faciat quod ab eo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1025 petitur. Sed animus Dei est immutabilis et inflexibilis, secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1026 illud I Reg. XV, <i>porro triumphator in Israel non parcet, nec
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1027 poenitudine flectetur</i>. Ergo non est conveniens quod Deum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1028 oremus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1029 <p title="II-II q. 83 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="42472"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1030 "ref">[42472] IIª-IIae q. 83 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1031 liberalius est dare aliquid non petenti quam dare petenti, quia,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1032 sicut Seneca dicit, <i>nulla res carius emitur quam quae precibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1033 empta est</i>. Sed Deus est liberalissimus. Ergo non videtur esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1034 conveniens quod Deum oremus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1035 <p title="II-II q. 83 a. 2 s. c."><a name="42473"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1036 "ref">[42473] IIª-IIae q. 83 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1037 est quod dicitur Luc. XVIII, <i>oportet orare, et non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1038 deficere</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1039 <p title="II-II q. 83 a. 2 co."><a name="42474"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1040 "ref">[42474] IIª-IIae q. 83 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1041 dicendum quod triplex fuit circa orationem antiquorum error. Quidam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1042 enim posuerunt quod res humanae non reguntur divina providentia. Ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1043 quo sequitur quod vanum sit orare, et omnino Deum colere. Et de his
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1044 dicitur Malach. III, <i>dixistis, vanus est qui servit Deo</i>.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1045 Secunda fuit opinio ponentium omnia, etiam in rebus humanis, ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1046 necessitate contingere, sive ex immutabilitate divinae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1047 providentiae, sive ex necessitate stellarum, sive ex connexione
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1048 causarum. Et secundum hos etiam excluditur orationis utilitas.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1049 Tertia fuit opinio ponentium quidem res humanas divina providentia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1050 regi, et quod res humanae non proveniunt ex necessitate, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1051 dicebant similiter dispositionem divinae providentiae variabilem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1052 esse, et quod orationibus et aliis quae ad divinum cultum pertinent
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1053 dispositio divinae providentiae immutatur. Haec autem omnia in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1054 primo libro improbata sunt. Et ideo oportet sic inducere orationis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1055 utilitatem ut neque rebus humanis, divinae providentiae subiectis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1056 necessitatem imponamus; neque etiam divinam dispositionem mutabilem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1057 aestimemus. Ad huius ergo evidentiam, considerandum est quod ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1058 divina providentia non solum disponitur qui effectus fiant, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1059 etiam ex quibus causis et quo ordine proveniant. Inter alias autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1060 causas sunt etiam quorundam causae actus humani. Unde oportet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1061 homines agere aliqua, non ut per suos actus divinam dispositionem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1062 immutent, sed ut per actus suos impleant quosdam effectus secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1063 ordinem a Deo dispositum. Et idem etiam est in naturalibus causis.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1064 Et simile est etiam de oratione. Non enim propter hoc oramus ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1065 divinam dispositionem immutemus, sed ut id impetremus quod Deus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1066 disposuit per orationes sanctorum esse implendum; <i>ut scilicet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1067 homines postulando mereantur accipere quod eis omnipotens Deus ante
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1068 saecula disposuit donare</i>, ut Gregorius dicit, in libro
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1069 dialogorum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1070 <p title="II-II q. 83 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="42475"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1071 "ref">[42475] IIª-IIae q. 83 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1072 ergo dicendum quod non est necessarium nos Deo preces porrigere ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1073 ei nostras indigentias vel desideria manifestemus, sed ut nosipsi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1074 consideremus in his ad divinum auxilium esse recurrendum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1075 <p title="II-II q. 83 a. 2 ad 2"><a name="42476"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1076 "ref">[42476] IIª-IIae q. 83 a. 2 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1077 dicendum quod, sicut dictum est, oratio nostra non ordinatur ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1078 immutationem divinae dispositionis, sed ut obtineatur nostris
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1079 precibus quod Deus disposuit.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1080 <p title="II-II q. 83 a. 2 ad 3"><a name="42477"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1081 "ref">[42477] IIª-IIae q. 83 a. 2 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1082 dicendum quod Deus multa nobis praestat ex sua liberalitate etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1083 non petita. Sed quod aliqua vult praestare nobis petentibus, hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1084 est propter nostram utilitatem, ut scilicet fiduciam quandam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1085 accipiamus recurrendi ad Deum, et ut recognoscamus eum esse bonorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1086 nostrorum auctorem. Unde Chrysostomus dicit, <i>considera quanta
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1087 est tibi concessa felicitas, quanta gloria attributa, orationibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1088 fabulari cum Deo, cum Christo miscere colloquia, optare quod velis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1089 quod desideras postulare</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1090 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1091 <div class="E">Articulus 3</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1092 <p title="II-II q. 83 a. 3 arg. 1"><a name="42478"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1093 "ref">[42478] IIª-IIae q. 83 a. 3 arg. 1</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1094 sic proceditur. Videtur quod oratio non sit actus religionis.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1095 Religio enim, cum sit pars iustitiae, est in voluntate sicut in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1096 subiecto. Sed oratio pertinet ad partem intellectivam, ut ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1097 supradictis patet. Ergo oratio non videtur esse actus religionis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1098 sed doni intellectus, per quod mens ascendit in Deum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1099 <p title="II-II q. 83 a. 3 arg. 2"><a name="42479"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1100 "ref">[42479] IIª-IIae q. 83 a. 3 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1101 actus latriae cadit sub necessitate praecepti. Sed oratio non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1102 videtur cadere sub necessitate praecepti, sed ex mera voluntate
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1103 procedere, cum nihil aliud sit quam volitorum petitio. Ergo oratio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1104 non videtur esse religionis actus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1105 <p title="II-II q. 83 a. 3 arg. 3"><a name="42480"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1106 "ref">[42480] IIª-IIae q. 83 a. 3 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1107 ad religionem pertinere videtur ut quis <i>divinae naturae cultum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1108 caeremoniamque afferat</i>. Sed oratio non videtur aliquid Deo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1109 afferre, sed magis aliquid obtinendum ab eo petere. Ergo oratio non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1110 est religionis actus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1111 <p title="II-II q. 83 a. 3 s. c."><a name="42481"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1112 "ref">[42481] IIª-IIae q. 83 a. 3 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1113 est quod dicitur in Psalm., <i>dirigatur oratio mea sicut incensum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1114 in conspectu tuo</i>, ubi dicit Glossa quod <i>in huius figuram, in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1115 veteri lege incensum dicebatur offerri in odorem suavem domino</i>.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1116 Sed hoc pertinet ad religionem. Ergo oratio est religionis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1117 actus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1118 <p title="II-II q. 83 a. 3 co."><a name="42482"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1119 "ref">[42482] IIª-IIae q. 83 a. 3 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1120 dicendum quod, sicut supra dictum est, ad religionem proprie
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1121 pertinet reverentiam et honorem Deo exhibere. Et ideo omnia illa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1122 per quae Deo reverentia exhibetur pertinent ad religionem. Per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1123 orationem autem homo Deo reverentiam exhibet, inquantum scilicet se
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1124 ei subiicit, et profitetur orando se eo indigere sicut auctore
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1125 suorum bonorum. Unde manifestum est quod oratio est proprie
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1126 religionis actus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1127 <p title="II-II q. 83 a. 3 ad 1"><a name="42483"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1128 "ref">[42483] IIª-IIae q. 83 a. 3 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1129 ergo dicendum quod voluntas movet alias potentias animae in suum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1130 finem, sicut supra dictum est. Et ideo religio, quae est in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1131 voluntate, ordinat actus aliarum potentiarum ad Dei reverentiam.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1132 Inter alias autem potentias animae, intellectus altior est et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1133 voluntati propinquior. Et ideo post devotionem, quae pertinet ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1134 ipsam voluntatem, oratio, quae pertinet ad partem intellectivam,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1135 est praecipua inter actus religionis, per quam religio intellectum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1136 hominis movet in Deum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1137 <p title="II-II q. 83 a. 3 ad 2"><a name="42484"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1138 "ref">[42484] IIª-IIae q. 83 a. 3 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1139 dicendum quod non solum petere quae desideramus, sed etiam recte
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1140 aliquid desiderare sub praecepto cadit. Sed desiderare quidem cadit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1141 sub praecepto caritatis, petere autem sub praecepto religionis.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1142 Quod quidem praeceptum ponitur Matth. VII, ubi dicitur, <i>petite,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1143 et accipietis</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1144 <p title="II-II q. 83 a. 3 ad 3"><a name="42485"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1145 "ref">[42485] IIª-IIae q. 83 a. 3 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1146 dicendum quod orando tradit homo mentem suam Deo, quam ei per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1147 reverentiam subiicit et quodammodo praesentat, ut patet ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1148 auctoritate Dionysii prius inducta. Et ideo sicut mens humana
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1149 praeeminet exterioribus vel corporalibus membris, vel exterioribus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1150 rebus quae ad Dei servitium applicantur, ita etiam oratio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1151 praeeminet aliis actibus religionis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1152 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1153 <div class="E">Articulus 4</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1154 <p title="II-II q. 83 a. 4 arg. 1"><a name="42486"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1155 "ref">[42486] IIª-IIae q. 83 a. 4 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quartum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1156 sic proceditur. Videtur quod solus Deus debeat orari. Oratio enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1157 est actus religionis, ut dictum est. Sed solus Deus est religione
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1158 colendus. Ergo solus Deus est orandus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1159 <p title="II-II q. 83 a. 4 arg. 2"><a name="42487"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1160 "ref">[42487] IIª-IIae q. 83 a. 4 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1161 frustra porrigitur oratio ad eum qui orationem non cognoscit. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1162 solius Dei est orationem cognoscere. Tum quia plerumque oratio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1163 magis agitur interiori actu, quem solus Deus cognoscit, quam voce,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1164 secundum illud quod apostolus dicit, I ad Cor. XIV, orabo spiritu,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1165 orabo et mente. Tum etiam quia, ut Augustinus dicit, in libro de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1166 cura pro mortuis agenda, <i>nesciunt mortui, etiam sancti, quid
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1167 agant vivi, etiam eorum filii</i>. Ergo oratio non est nisi Deo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1168 porrigenda.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1169 <p title="II-II q. 83 a. 4 arg. 3"><a name="42488"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1170 "ref">[42488] IIª-IIae q. 83 a. 4 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1171 si aliquibus sanctis orationem porrigimus, hoc non est nisi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1172 inquantum sunt Deo coniuncti. Sed quidam in hoc mundo viventes, vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1173 etiam in Purgatorio existentes, sunt multum Deo coniuncti per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1174 gratiam. Ad eos autem non porrigitur oratio. Ergo nec ad sanctos
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1175 qui sunt in Paradiso debemus orationem porrigere.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1176 <p title="II-II q. 83 a. 4 s. c."><a name="42489"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1177 "ref">[42489] IIª-IIae q. 83 a. 4 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1178 est quod dicitur Iob V, <i>voca, si est qui tibi respondeat, et ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1179 aliquem sanctorum convertere</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1180 <p title="II-II q. 83 a. 4 co."><a name="42490"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1181 "ref">[42490] IIª-IIae q. 83 a. 4 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1182 dicendum quod oratio porrigitur alicui dupliciter, uno modo, quasi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1183 per ipsum implenda; alio modo, sicut per ipsum impetranda. Primo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1184 quidem modo soli Deo orationem porrigimus, quia omnes orationes
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1185 nostrae ordinari debent ad gratiam et gloriam consequendam, quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1186 solus Deus dat, secundum illud Psalm., <i>gratiam et gloriam dabit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1187 dominus</i>. Sed secundo modo orationem porrigimus sanctis Angelis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1188 et hominibus, non ut per eos Deus nostras petitiones cognoscat, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1189 ut eorum precibus et meritis orationes nostrae sortiantur effectum.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1190 Et ideo dicitur Apoc. VIII quod <i>ascendit fumus aromatum, idest
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1191 orationes sanctorum, de manu Angeli coram domino</i>. Et hoc etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1192 patet ex ipso modo quo Ecclesia utitur in orando. Nam a sancta
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1193 Trinitate petimus ut nostri misereatur, ab aliis autem sanctis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1194 quibuscumque petimus ut orent pro nobis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1195 <p title="II-II q. 83 a. 4 ad 1"><a name="42491"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1196 "ref">[42491] IIª-IIae q. 83 a. 4 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1197 ergo dicendum quod illi soli impendimus orando religionis cultum a
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1198 quo quaerimus obtinere quod oramus, quia in hoc protestamur eum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1199 bonorum nostrorum auctorem, non autem eis quos requirimus quasi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1200 interpellatores nostros apud Deum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1201 <p title="II-II q. 83 a. 4 ad 2"><a name="42492"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1202 "ref">[42492] IIª-IIae q. 83 a. 4 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1203 dicendum quod mortui ea quae in hoc mundo aguntur, considerata
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1204 eorum naturali conditione, non cognoscunt, et praecipue interiores
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1205 motus cordis. Sed beatis, ut Gregorius dicit, in XII Moral., in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1206 verbo manifestatur illud quod decet eos cognoscere de eis quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1207 circa nos aguntur, etiam quantum ad interiores motus cordis. Maxime
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1208 autem eorum excellentiam decet ut cognoscant petitiones ad eos
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1209 factas vel voce vel corde. Et ideo petitiones quas ad eos
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1210 dirigimus, Deo manifestante, cognoscunt.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1211 <p title="II-II q. 83 a. 4 ad 3"><a name="42493"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1212 "ref">[42493] IIª-IIae q. 83 a. 4 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1213 dicendum quod illi qui sunt in hoc mundo aut in Purgatorio, nondum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1214 fruuntur visione verbi, ut possint cognoscere ea quae nos cogitamus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1215 vel dicimus. Et ideo eorum suffragia non imploramus orando, sed a
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1216 vivis petimus colloquendo.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1217 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1218 <div class="E">Articulus 5</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1219 <p title="II-II q. 83 a. 5 arg. 1"><a name="42494"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1220 "ref">[42494] IIª-IIae q. 83 a. 5 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quintum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1221 sic proceditur. Videtur quod in oratione nihil determinate a Deo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1222 petere debeamus. Quia, ut Damascenus dicit, <i>oratio est petitio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1223 decentium a Deo</i>. Unde inefficax est oratio per quam petitur id
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1224 quod non expedit, secundum illud Iac. IV, <i>petitis et non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1225 accipitis, eo quod male petatis</i>. Sed sicut dicitur Rom. VIII.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1226 <i>Nam quid oremus sicut oportet, nescimus</i>. Ergo non debemus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1227 aliquid orando determinate petere.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1228 <p title="II-II q. 83 a. 5 arg. 2"><a name="42495"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1229 "ref">[42495] IIª-IIae q. 83 a. 5 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1230 quicumque aliquid determinate ab alio petit, nititur voluntatem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1231 ipsius inclinare ad faciendum id quod ipse vult. Non autem ad hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1232 tendere debemus ut Deus velit quod nos volumus, sed magis ut nos
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1233 velimus quod Deus vult, ut dicit Glossa, super illud Psalm.,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1234 <i>exultate, iusti, in domino</i>. Ergo non debemus aliquid
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1235 determinatum a Deo petere.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1236 <p title="II-II q. 83 a. 5 arg. 3"><a name="42496"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1237 "ref">[42496] IIª-IIae q. 83 a. 5 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1238 mala a Deo petenda non sunt, ad bona autem Deus ipse nos invitat.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1239 Frustra autem ab aliquo petitur ad quod accipiendum invitatur. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1240 non est determinate aliquid a Deo in oratione petendum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1241 <p title="II-II q. 83 a. 5 s. c."><a name="42497"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1242 "ref">[42497] IIª-IIae q. 83 a. 5 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1243 est quod dominus, Matth. VI et Luc. XI, docuit discipulos
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1244 determinate petere ea quae continentur in petitionibus orationis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1245 dominicae.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1246 <p title="II-II q. 83 a. 5 co."><a name="42498"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1247 "ref">[42498] IIª-IIae q. 83 a. 5 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1248 dicendum quod, sicut maximus Valerius refert, <i>Socrates nihil
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1249 ultra petendum a diis immortalibus arbitrabatur quam ut bona
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1250 tribuerent, quia hi demum scirent quid unicuique esset utile; nos
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1251 autem plerumque id votis expetere quod non impetrasse melius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1252 foret</i>. Quae quidem sententia aliqualiter vera est, quantum ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1253 illa quae possunt malum eventum habere, quibus etiam homo potest
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1254 male et bene uti, sicut divitiae, quae, ut ibidem dicitur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1255 <i>multis exitio fuere; honores, qui complures pessumdederunt;
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1256 regna, quorum exitus saepe miserabiles cernuntur; splendida
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1257 coniugia, quae nonnunquam funditus domos evertunt</i>. Sunt tamen
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1258 quaedam bona quibus homo male uti non potest, quae scilicet malum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1259 eventum habere non possunt. Haec autem sunt quibus beatificamur et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1260 quibus beatitudinem meremur. Quae quidem sancti orando absolute
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1261 petunt, secundum illud, <i>ostende faciem tuam, et salvi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1262 erimus</i>; et iterum, <i>deduc me in semitam mandatorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1263 tuorum</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1264 <p title="II-II q. 83 a. 5 ad 1"><a name="42499"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1265 "ref">[42499] IIª-IIae q. 83 a. 5 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1266 ergo dicendum quod licet homo ex se scire non possit quid orare
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1267 debeat, spiritus tamen, ut ibidem dicitur, in hoc adiuvat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1268 infirmitatem nostram quod, inspirando nobis sancta desideria, recte
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1269 postulare nos facit. Unde dominus dicit, Ioan. IV, quod <i>veros
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1270 adoratores adorare oportet in spiritu et veritate</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1271 <p title="II-II q. 83 a. 5 ad 2"><a name="42500"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1272 "ref">[42500] IIª-IIae q. 83 a. 5 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1273 dicendum quod cum orando petimus aliqua quae pertinent ad nostram
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1274 salutem, conformamus voluntatem nostram voluntati Dei, de quo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1275 dicitur, I ad Tim. II, quod <i>vult omnes homines salvos
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1276 fieri</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1277 <p title="II-II q. 83 a. 5 ad 3"><a name="42501"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1278 "ref">[42501] IIª-IIae q. 83 a. 5 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1279 dicendum quod sic ad bona Deus nos invitat quod ad ea non passibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1280 corporis, sed piis desideriis et devotis orationibus accedamus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1281 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1282 <div class="E">Articulus 6</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1283 <p title="II-II q. 83 a. 6 arg. 1"><a name="42502"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1284 "ref">[42502] IIª-IIae q. 83 a. 6 arg. 1</span></a> Ad sextum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1285 sic proceditur. Videtur quod homo non debeat temporalia petere a
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1286 Deo orando. Quae enim orando petimus, quaerimus. Sed temporalia non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1287 debemus quaerere, dicitur enim Matth. VI, primum quaerite regnum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1288 Dei et iustitiam eius, et haec omnia adiicientur vobis, scilicet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1289 temporalia; quae non quaerenda dicit, sed adiicienda quaesitis.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1290 Ergo temporalia non sunt in oratione a Deo petenda.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1291 <p title="II-II q. 83 a. 6 arg. 2"><a name="42503"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1292 "ref">[42503] IIª-IIae q. 83 a. 6 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1293 nullus petit nisi ea de quibus est sollicitus. Sed de temporalibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1294 sollicitudinem habere non debemus, secundum quod dicitur Matth. VI,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1295 <i>nolite solliciti esse animae vestrae, quid manducetis</i>. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1296 temporalia petere orando non debemus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1297 <p title="II-II q. 83 a. 6 arg. 3"><a name="42504"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1298 "ref">[42504] IIª-IIae q. 83 a. 6 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1299 per orationem nostram mens debet elevari in Deum. Sed petendo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1300 temporalia descendit ad ea quae infra se sunt, contra id quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1301 apostolus dicebat, II ad Cor. IV, <i>non contemplantibus nobis quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1302 videntur, sed quae non videntur, quae enim videntur, temporalia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1303 sunt; quae autem non videntur, aeterna</i>. Ergo non debet homo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1304 temporalia in oratione a Deo petere.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1305 <p title="II-II q. 83 a. 6 arg. 4"><a name="42505"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1306 "ref">[42505] IIª-IIae q. 83 a. 6 arg. 4</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1307 homo non debet petere a Deo nisi bona et utilia. Sed quandoque
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1308 temporalia habita sunt nociva, non solum spiritualiter, sed etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1309 temporaliter. Ergo non sunt a Deo in oratione petenda.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1310 <p title="II-II q. 83 a. 6 s. c."><a name="42506"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1311 "ref">[42506] IIª-IIae q. 83 a. 6 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1312 est quod dicitur Prov. XXX, <i>tribue tantum victui meo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1313 necessaria</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1314 <p title="II-II q. 83 a. 6 co."><a name="42507"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1315 "ref">[42507] IIª-IIae q. 83 a. 6 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1316 dicendum quod, sicut Augustinus dicit, ad Probam, de orando Deum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1317 <i>hoc licet orare quod licet desiderare</i>. Temporalia autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1318 licet desiderare, non quidem principaliter, ut in eis finem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1319 constituamus; sed sicut quaedam adminicula quibus adiuvamur ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1320 tendendum in beatitudinem, inquantum scilicet per ea vita
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1321 corporalis sustentatur, et inquantum nobis organice deserviunt ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1322 actus virtutum, ut etiam philosophus dicit, in I Ethic. Et ideo pro
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1323 temporalibus licet orare. Et hoc est quod Augustinus dicit, ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1324 Probam, <i>sufficientiam vitae non indecenter vult quisquis eam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1325 vult et non amplius. Quae quidem non appetitur propter seipsam, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1326 propter salutem corporis et congruentem habitum personae hominis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1327 ut non sit inconveniens eis cum quibus vivendum est. Ista ergo, cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1328 habentur, ut teneantur; cum non habentur, ut habeantur, orandum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1329 est</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1330 <p title="II-II q. 83 a. 6 ad 1"><a name="42508"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1331 "ref">[42508] IIª-IIae q. 83 a. 6 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1332 ergo dicendum quod temporalia non sunt quaerenda principaliter, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1333 secundario. Unde Augustinus dicit, in libro de Serm. Dom. in monte,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1334 cum dixit, illud primo quaerendum est, scilicet regnum Dei,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1335 significavit quia hoc, scilicet temporale bonum, <i>posterius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1336 quaerendum est, non tempore, sed dignitate, illud tanquam bonum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1337 nostrum, hoc tanquam necessarium nostrum</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1338 <p title="II-II q. 83 a. 6 ad 2"><a name="42509"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1339 "ref">[42509] IIª-IIae q. 83 a. 6 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1340 dicendum quod non quaelibet sollicitudo rerum temporalium est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1341 prohibita, sed superflua et inordinata, ut supra habitum est.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1342 <p title="II-II q. 83 a. 6 ad 3"><a name="42510"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1343 "ref">[42510] IIª-IIae q. 83 a. 6 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1344 dicendum quod quando mens nostra intendit temporalibus rebus ut in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1345 eis quiescat, remanet in eis depressa. Sed quando intendit eis in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1346 ordine ad beatitudinem consequendam, non ab eis deprimitur, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1347 magis ea elevat sursum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1348 <p title="II-II q. 83 a. 6 ad 4"><a name="42511"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1349 "ref">[42511] IIª-IIae q. 83 a. 6 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1350 dicendum quod ex quo non petimus temporalia tanquam principaliter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1351 quaesita, sed in ordine ad aliud, eo tenore a Deo petimus ipsa ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1352 nobis concedantur secundum quod expediunt ad salutem.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1353 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1354 <div class="E">Articulus 7</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1355 <p title="II-II q. 83 a. 7 arg. 1"><a name="42512"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1356 "ref">[42512] IIª-IIae q. 83 a. 7 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1357 septimum sic proceditur. Videtur quod non debeamus pro aliis orare.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1358 In orando enim sequi debemus formam quam dominus tradidit. Sed in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1359 oratione dominica petitiones pro nobis facimus, non pro aliis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1360 dicentes, panem nostrum quotidianum da nobis hodie, et cetera
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1361 huiusmodi. Ergo non debemus pro aliis orare.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1362 <p title="II-II q. 83 a. 7 arg. 2"><a name="42513"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1363 "ref">[42513] IIª-IIae q. 83 a. 7 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1364 ad hoc oratio fit quod exaudiatur. Sed una de conditionibus quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1365 requiruntur ad hoc quod oratio sit audibilis, est ut aliquis oret
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1366 pro seipso, unde super illud Ioan. XVI, <i>si quid petieritis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1367 patrem in nomine meo, dabit vobis</i>, Augustinus dicit,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1368 <i>exaudiuntur omnes pro seipsis, non autem pro omnibus. Unde non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1369 utcumque dictum est, dabit, sed, dabit vobis</i>. Ergo videtur quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1370 non debeamus pro aliis orare, sed solum pro nobis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1371 <p title="II-II q. 83 a. 7 arg. 3"><a name="42514"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1372 "ref">[42514] IIª-IIae q. 83 a. 7 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1373 pro aliis, si sunt mali, prohibemur orare, secundum illud Ierem.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1374 VII, <i>tu ergo noli orare pro populo hoc, et non obsistas mihi,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1375 quia non exaudiam te</i>. Pro bonis autem non oportet orare, quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1376 ipsi pro seipsis orantes exaudiuntur. Ergo videtur quod non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1377 debeamus pro aliis orare.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1378 <p title="II-II q. 83 a. 7 s. c."><a name="42515"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1379 "ref">[42515] IIª-IIae q. 83 a. 7 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1380 est quod dicitur Iac. V, <i>orate pro invicem, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1381 salvemini</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1382 <p title="II-II q. 83 a. 7 co."><a name="42516"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1383 "ref">[42516] IIª-IIae q. 83 a. 7 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1384 dicendum quod, sicut dictum est, illud debemus orando petere quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1385 debemus desiderare. Desiderare autem debemus bona non solum nobis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1386 sed etiam aliis, hoc enim pertinet ad rationem dilectionis, quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1387 proximis debemus impendere, ut ex supradictis patet. Et ideo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1388 caritas hoc requirit, ut pro aliis oremus. Unde Chrysostomus dicit,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1389 super Matth., <i>pro se orare necessitas cogit, pro altero autem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1390 caritas fraternitatis hortatur. Dulcior autem ante Deum est oratio,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1391 non quam necessitas transmittit, sed quam caritas fraternitatis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1392 commendat</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1393 <p title="II-II q. 83 a. 7 ad 1"><a name="42517"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1394 "ref">[42517] IIª-IIae q. 83 a. 7 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1395 ergo dicendum quod, sicut Cyprianus dicit, in libro de Orat.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1396 dominica, <i>ideo non dicimus, pater meus, sed noster; nec, da
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1397 mihi, sed, da nobis, quia unitatis magister noluit privatim precem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1398 fieri, ut scilicet quis pro se tantum precetur. Unum enim orare pro
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1399 omnibus voluit, quo modo in uno omnes ipse portavit</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1400 <p title="II-II q. 83 a. 7 ad 2"><a name="42518"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1401 "ref">[42518] IIª-IIae q. 83 a. 7 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1402 dicendum quod pro se orare ponitur conditio orationis, non quidem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1403 necessaria ad effectum merendi, sed sicut necessaria ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1404 indeficientiam impetrandi. Contingit enim quandoque quod oratio pro
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1405 alio facta non impetrat, etiam si fiat pie et perseveranter et de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1406 pertinentibus ad salutem, propter impedimentum quod est ex parte
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1407 eius pro quo oratur, secundum illud Ierem. XV, <i>si steterit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1408 Moyses et Samuel coram me, non est anima mea ad populum istum</i>.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1409 Nihilominus tamen oratio meritoria erit oranti, qui ex caritate
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1410 orat, secundum illud Psalm., <i>oratio mea in sinu meo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1411 convertetur</i>, Glossa, idest, <i>etsi non eis profuit, ego tamen
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1412 non sum frustratus mea mercede</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1413 <p title="II-II q. 83 a. 7 ad 3"><a name="42519"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1414 "ref">[42519] IIª-IIae q. 83 a. 7 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1415 dicendum quod etiam pro peccatoribus orandum est, ut convertantur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1416 et pro iustis, ut perseverent et proficiant. Orantes tamen non pro
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1417 omnibus peccatoribus exaudiuntur, sed pro quibusdam, exaudiuntur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1418 enim pro praedestinatis, non autem pro praescitis ad mortem. Sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1419 etiam correctio qua fratres corrigimus, effectum habet in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1420 praedestinatis, non in reprobatis, secundum illud Eccle. VII,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1421 <i>nemo potest corrigere quem Deus despexerit</i>. Et ideo dicitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1422 I Ioan. V, <i>qui scit fratrem suum peccare peccato non ad mortem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1423 petat, et dabitur ei vita peccanti peccatum non ad mortem</i>. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1424 sicut nulli, quandiu hic vivit, subtrahendum est correctionis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1425 beneficium, quia non possumus distinguere praedestinatos a
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1426 reprobatis, ut Augustinus dicit, in libro de Corr. et gratia; ita
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1427 etiam nulli est denegandum orationis suffragium. Pro iustis etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1428 est orandum, triplici ratione. Primo quidem, quia multorum preces
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1429 facilius exaudiuntur. Unde Rom. XV, super illud, <i>adiuvetis me in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1430 orationibus vestris</i>, dicit Glossa, <i>bene rogat apostolus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1431 minores pro se orare. Multi enim minimi, dum congregantur unanimes,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1432 fiunt magni, et multorum preces impossibile est quod non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1433 impetrent</i>, illud scilicet quod est impetrabile. Secundo, ut ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1434 multis gratia agatur Deo de beneficiis quae confert iustis, quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1435 etiam in utilitatem multorum vergunt, ut patet per apostolum, II ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1436 Cor. I. Tertio, ut maiores non superbiant, dum considerant se
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1437 minorum suffragiis indigere.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1438 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1439 <div class="E">Articulus 8</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1440 <p title="II-II q. 83 a. 8 arg. 1"><a name="42520"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1441 "ref">[42520] IIª-IIae q. 83 a. 8 arg. 1</span></a> Ad octavum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1442 sic proceditur. Videtur quod non debeamus pro inimicis orare. Quia,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1443 ut dicitur Rom. XV, <i>quaecumque scripta sunt, ad nostram
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1444 doctrinam scripta sunt</i>. Sed in sacra Scriptura inducuntur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1445 multae imprecationes contra inimicos, dicitur enim in Psalm.,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1446 <i>erubescant et conturbentur omnes inimici mei, erubescant et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1447 conturbentur valde velociter</i>. Ergo et nos debemus orare contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1448 inimicos, magis quam pro eis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1449 <p title="II-II q. 83 a. 8 arg. 2"><a name="42521"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1450 "ref">[42521] IIª-IIae q. 83 a. 8 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1451 vindicari de inimicis in malum inimicorum cedit. Sed sancti
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1452 vindictam de inimicis petunt, secundum illud Apoc. VI, <i>usquequo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1453 non vindicas sanguinem nostrum de his qui habitant in terra?</i>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1454 Unde et de vindicta impiorum laetantur, secundum illud Psalm.,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1455 <i>laetabitur iustus cum viderit vindictam</i>. Ergo non est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1456 orandum pro inimicis, sed magis contra eos.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1457 <p title="II-II q. 83 a. 8 arg. 3"><a name="42522"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1458 "ref">[42522] IIª-IIae q. 83 a. 8 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1459 operatio hominis et eius oratio non debent esse contraria. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1460 homines quandoque licite impugnant inimicos, alioquin omnia bella
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1461 essent illicita, quod est contra supradicta. Ergo non debemus orare
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1462 pro inimicis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1463 <p title="II-II q. 83 a. 8 s. c."><a name="42523"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1464 "ref">[42523] IIª-IIae q. 83 a. 8 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1465 est quod dicitur Matth. V, <i>orate pro persequentibus et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1466 calumniantibus vos</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1467 <p title="II-II q. 83 a. 8 co."><a name="42524"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1468 "ref">[42524] IIª-IIae q. 83 a. 8 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1469 dicendum quod orare pro alio caritatis est, sicut dictum est. Unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1470 eodem modo quo tenemur diligere inimicos, tenemur pro inimicis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1471 orare. Qualiter autem teneamur inimicos diligere supra habitum est,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1472 in tractatu de caritate, ut scilicet in eis diligamus naturam, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1473 culpam; et quod diligere inimicos in generali est in praecepto, in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1474 speciali autem non est in praecepto nisi secundum praeparationem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1475 animi, ut scilicet homo esset paratus etiam specialiter inimicum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1476 diligere et eum iuvare in necessitatis articulo, vel si veniam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1477 peteret; sed in speciali absolute inimicos diligere et eos iuvare
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1478 perfectionis est. Et similiter necessitatis est ut in communibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1479 nostris orationibus quas pro aliis facimus, inimicos non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1480 excludamus. Quod autem pro eis specialiter oremus, perfectionis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1481 est, non necessitatis, nisi in aliquo casu speciali.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1482 <p title="II-II q. 83 a. 8 ad 1"><a name="42525"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1483 "ref">[42525] IIª-IIae q. 83 a. 8 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1484 ergo dicendum quod imprecationes quae in sacra Scriptura ponuntur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1485 quadrupliciter possunt intelligi. Uno modo, secundum quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1486 <i>prophetae solent figura imprecantis futura praedicere</i>, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1487 Augustinus dicit, in libro de Serm. Dom. in monte. Secundo, prout
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1488 quaedam temporalia mala peccatoribus quandoque a Deo ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1489 correctionem immittuntur. Tertio, quia intelliguntur petere non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1490 contra ipsos homines, sed contra regnum peccati, ut scilicet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1491 correctione hominum peccatum destruatur. Quarto, conformando
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1492 voluntatem suam divinae iustitiae circa damnationem perseverantium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1493 in peccato.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1494 <p title="II-II q. 83 a. 8 ad 2"><a name="42526"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1495 "ref">[42526] IIª-IIae q. 83 a. 8 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1496 dicendum quod, sicut in eodem libro Augustinus dicit, <i>vindicta
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1497 martyrum est ut evertatur regnum peccati, quo regnante tanta
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1498 perpessi sunt</i>. Vel, sicut dicitur in libro de quaest. Vet. et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1499 novi Test., <i>postulant se vindicari non voce, sed ratione, sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1500 sanguis Abel clamavit de terra</i>. Laetantur autem de vindicta non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1501 propter eam, sed propter divinam iustitiam.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1502 <p title="II-II q. 83 a. 8 ad 3"><a name="42527"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1503 "ref">[42527] IIª-IIae q. 83 a. 8 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1504 dicendum quod licitum est impugnare inimicos ut compescantur a
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1505 peccatis, quod cedit in bonum eorum et aliorum. Et sic etiam licet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1506 orando petere aliqua temporalia mala inimicorum ut corrigantur. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1507 sic oratio et operatio non erunt contraria.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1508 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1509 <div class="E">Articulus 9</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1510 <p title="II-II q. 83 a. 9 arg. 1"><a name="42528"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1511 "ref">[42528] IIª-IIae q. 83 a. 9 arg. 1</span></a> Ad nonum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1512 sic proceditur. Videtur quod inconvenienter septem petitiones
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1513 orationis dominicae assignentur. Vanum enim est petere illud quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1514 semper est. Sed nomen Dei semper est sanctum, secundum illud Luc.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1515 I, <i>sanctum nomen eius</i>. Regnum etiam eius est sempiternum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1516 secundum illud Psalmo, <i>regnum tuum, domine, regnum omnium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1517 saeculorum</i>. Voluntas etiam Dei semper impletur, secundum illud
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1518 Isaiae XLVI, omnis voluntas mea fiet. Vanum ergo est petere quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1519 nomen Dei sanctificetur, quod regnum eius adveniat, et quod eius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1520 voluntas fiat.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1521 <p title="II-II q. 83 a. 9 arg. 2"><a name="42529"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1522 "ref">[42529] IIª-IIae q. 83 a. 9 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1523 prius est recedere a malo quam consequi bonum. Inconvenienter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1524 igitur videntur praeordinari petitiones quae pertinent ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1525 consequendum bonum, petitionibus quae pertinent ad amotionem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1526 mali.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1527 <p title="II-II q. 83 a. 9 arg. 3"><a name="42530"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1528 "ref">[42530] IIª-IIae q. 83 a. 9 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1529 ad hoc aliquid petitur ut donetur. Sed praecipuum donum Dei est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1530 spiritus sanctus, et ea quae nobis per ipsum dantur. Ergo videntur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1531 inconvenienter proponi petitiones, cum non respondeant donis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1532 spiritus sancti.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1533 <p title="II-II q. 83 a. 9 arg. 4"><a name="42531"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1534 "ref">[42531] IIª-IIae q. 83 a. 9 arg. 4</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1535 secundum Lucam in oratione dominica ponuntur solum quinque
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1536 petitiones, ut patet Luc. XI. Superfluum igitur fuit quod secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1537 Matthaeum septem petitiones ponuntur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1538 <p title="II-II q. 83 a. 9 arg. 5"><a name="42532"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1539 "ref">[42532] IIª-IIae q. 83 a. 9 arg. 5</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1540 in vanum videtur captare benevolentiam eius qui benevolentia sua
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1541 nos praevenit. Sed Deus nos sua benevolentia praevenit, quia ipse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1542 prior dilexit nos, ut dicitur I Ioan. IV. Superflue ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1543 praemittitur petitionibus, <i>pater noster, qui es in caelis</i>,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1544 quod videtur ad benevolentiam captandam pertinere.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1545 <p title="II-II q. 83 a. 9 s. c."><a name="42533"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1546 "ref">[42533] IIª-IIae q. 83 a. 9 s. c.</span></a> Sed in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1547 contrarium sufficit auctoritas Christi orationem instituentis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1548 <p title="II-II q. 83 a. 9 co."><a name="42534"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1549 "ref">[42534] IIª-IIae q. 83 a. 9 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1550 dicendum quod oratio dominica perfectissima est, quia, sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1551 Augustinus dicit, ad Probam, <i>si recte et congruenter oramus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1552 nihil aliud dicere possumus quam quod in ista oratione dominica
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1553 positum est</i>. Quia enim oratio est quodammodo desiderii nostri
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1554 interpres apud Deum, illa solum recte orando petimus quae recte
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1555 desiderare valemus. In oratione autem dominica non solum petuntur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1556 omnia quae recte desiderare possumus, sed etiam eo ordine quo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1557 desideranda sunt, ut sic haec oratio non solum instruat postulare,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1558 sed etiam sit informativa totius nostri affectus. Manifestum est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1559 autem quod primo cadit in desiderio finis; deinde ea quae sunt ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1560 finem. Finis autem noster Deus est. In quem noster affectus tendit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1561 dupliciter, uno quidem modo, prout volumus gloriam Dei; alio modo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1562 secundum quod volumus frui gloria eius. Quorum primum pertinet ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1563 dilectionem qua Deum in seipso diligimus, secundum vero pertinet ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1564 dilectionem qua diligimus nos in Deo. Et ideo prima petitio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1565 ponitur, sanctificetur nomen tuum, per quam petimus gloriam Dei.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1566 Secunda vero ponitur, adveniat regnum tuum, per quam petimus ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1567 gloriam regni eius pervenire. Ad finem autem praedictum ordinat nos
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1568 aliquid dupliciter, uno modo, per se; alio modo, per accidens. Per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1569 se quidem, bonum quod est utile in finem. Est autem aliquid utile
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1570 in finem beatitudinis dupliciter. Uno modo, directe et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1571 principaliter, secundum meritum quo beatitudinem meremur Deo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1572 obediendo. Et quantum ad hoc ponitur, <i>fiat voluntas tua, sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1573 in caelo, et in terra</i>. Alio modo, instrumentaliter, et quasi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1574 coadiuvans nos ad merendum. Et ad hoc pertinet quod dicitur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1575 <i>panem nostrum quotidianum da nobis hodie</i>, sive hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1576 intelligatur de pane sacramentali, cuius quotidianus usus proficit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1577 homini, in quo etiam intelliguntur omnia alia sacramenta; sive
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1578 etiam intelligatur de pane corporali, ut per panem intelligatur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1579 omnis sufficientia victus, sicut dicit Augustinus, ad Probam; quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1580 et Eucharistia est praecipuum sacramentum, et panis est praecipuus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1581 cibus, unde et in Evangelio Matthaei scriptum est,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1582 supersubstantialem, idest praecipuum, ut Hieronymus exponit. Per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1583 accidens autem ordinamur in beatitudinem per remotionem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1584 prohibentis. Tria autem sunt quae nos a beatitudine prohibent.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1585 Primo quidem, peccatum, quod directe excludit a regno, secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1586 illud I ad Cor. VI, <i>neque fornicarii, neque idolis servientes,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1587 etc., regnum Dei possidebunt</i>. Et ad hoc pertinet quod dicitur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1588 dimitte nobis debita nostra. Secundo, tentatio, quae nos impedit ab
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1589 observantia divinae voluntatis. Et ad hoc pertinet quod dicitur, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1590 ne nos inducas in tentationem, per quod non petimus ut non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1591 tentemur, sed ut a tentatione non vincamur, quod est in tentationem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1592 induci. Tertio, poenalitas praesens, quae impedit sufficientiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1593 vitae. Et quantum ad hoc dicitur, libera nos a malo.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1594 <p title="II-II q. 83 a. 9 ad 1"><a name="42535"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1595 "ref">[42535] IIª-IIae q. 83 a. 9 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1596 ergo dicendum quod, sicut Augustinus dicit, in libro de Serm. Dom.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1597 in monte, cum dicimus, sanctificetur nomen tuum, <i>non hoc petitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1598 quasi non sit sanctum Dei nomen, sed ut sanctum ab hominibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1599 habeatur</i>; quod pertinet ad Dei gloriam in hominibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1600 propagandam. Quod autem dicitur, adveniat regnum tuum, <i>non ita
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1601 dictum est quasi Deus nunc non regnet</i>, sed, sicut Augustinus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1602 dicit, ad Probam, <i>desiderium nostrum ad illud regnum excitamus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1603 ut nobis veniat, atque in eo regnemus</i>. Quod autem dicitur, fiat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1604 voluntas tua, <i>recte intelligitur, obediatur praeceptis tuis.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1605 Sicut in caelo et in terra, idest, sicut ab Angelis, ita ab
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1606 hominibus</i>. Unde hae tres petitiones perfecte complebuntur in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1607 vita futura, aliae vero quatuor pertinent ad necessitatem vitae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1608 praesentis, sicut Augustinus dicit, in Enchiridio.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1609 <p title="II-II q. 83 a. 9 ad 2"><a name="42536"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1610 "ref">[42536] IIª-IIae q. 83 a. 9 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1611 dicendum quod, cum oratio sit interpres desiderii, ordo petitionum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1612 non respondet ordini executionis, sed ordini desiderii sive
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1613 intentionis, in quo prius est finis quam ea quae sunt ad finem, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1614 consecutio boni quam remotio mali.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1615 <p title="II-II q. 83 a. 9 ad 3"><a name="42537"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1616 "ref">[42537] IIª-IIae q. 83 a. 9 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1617 dicendum quod Augustinus, in libro de Serm. Dom. in monte, adaptat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1618 septem petitiones donis et beatitudinibus, dicens, <i>si timor Dei
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1619 est quo beati sunt pauperes spiritu, petamus ut sanctificetur in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1620 hominibus nomen Dei timore casto. Si pietas est qua beati sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1621 mites, petamus ut veniat regnum eius, ut mitescamus, nec ei
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1622 resistamus. Si scientia est qua beati sunt qui lugent, oremus ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1623 fiat voluntas eius, quia sic non lugebimus. Si fortitudo est qua
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1624 beati sunt qui esuriunt, oremus ut panis noster quotidianus detur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1625 nobis. Si consilium est quo beati sunt misericordes, debita
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1626 dimittamus, ut nobis nostra dimittantur. Si intellectus est quo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1627 beati sunt mundo corde, oremus ne habeamus duplex cor, temporalia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1628 sectando, de quibus tentationes fiunt in nobis. Si sapientia est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1629 qua beati sunt pacifici quoniam filii Dei vocabuntur, oremus ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1630 liberemur a malo, ipsa enim liberatio liberos nos faciet filios
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1631 Dei</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1632 <p title="II-II q. 83 a. 9 ad 4"><a name="42538"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1633 "ref">[42538] IIª-IIae q. 83 a. 9 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1634 dicendum quod, sicut Augustinus dicit, in Enchirid., <i>Lucas in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1635 oratione dominica petitiones non septem, sed quinque complexus est.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1636 Ostendens enim tertiam petitionem duarum praemissarum esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1637 quodammodo repetitionem, praetermittendo eam facit intelligi</i>,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1638 quia scilicet ad hoc praecipue voluntas Dei tendit ut eius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1639 sanctitatem cognoscamus, et cum ipso regnemus. <i>Quod etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1640 Matthaeus in ultimo posuit, libera nos a malo, Lucas non posuit, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1641 sciat unusquisque in eo se liberari a malo quod non infertur in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1642 tentationem</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1643 <p title="II-II q. 83 a. 9 ad 5"><a name="42539"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1644 "ref">[42539] IIª-IIae q. 83 a. 9 ad 5</span></a> Ad quintum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1645 dicendum quod oratio non porrigitur Deo ut ipsum flectamus, sed ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1646 in nobis ipsis fiduciam excitemus postulandi. Quae quidem praecipue
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1647 excitatur in nobis considerando eius caritatem ad nos, qua bonum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1648 nostrum vult, et ideo dicimus, pater noster; et eius excellentiam,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1649 qua potest, et ideo dicimus, qui es in caelis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1650 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1651 <div class="E">Articulus 10</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1652 <p title="II-II q. 83 a. 10 arg. 1"><a name="42540"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1653 "ref">[42540] IIª-IIae q. 83 a. 10 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1654 decimum sic proceditur. Videtur quod orare non sit proprium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1655 rationalis creaturae. Eiusdem enim videtur esse petere et accipere.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1656 Sed accipere convenit etiam personis increatis, scilicet filio et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1657 spiritui sancto. Ergo etiam eis convenit orare, nam et filius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1658 dicit, Ioan. XIV, <i>ego rogabo patrem</i>; et de spiritu sancto
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1659 dicit apostolus, <i>spiritus postulat pro nobis</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1660 <p title="II-II q. 83 a. 10 arg. 2"><a name="42541"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1661 "ref">[42541] IIª-IIae q. 83 a. 10 arg. 2</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1662 Praeterea, Angeli sunt supra rationales creaturas, cum sint
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1663 intellectuales substantiae. Sed ad Angelos pertinet orare, unde in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1664 Psalm. dicitur, <i>adorate eum, omnes Angeli eius</i>. Ergo orare
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1665 non est proprium rationalis creaturae.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1666 <p title="II-II q. 83 a. 10 arg. 3"><a name="42542"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1667 "ref">[42542] IIª-IIae q. 83 a. 10 arg. 3</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1668 Praeterea, eiusdem est orare cuius est invocare Deum, quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1669 praecipue fit orando. Sed brutis animalibus convenit invocare Deum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1670 secundum illud Psalm., <i>qui dat iumentis escam ipsorum, et pullis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1671 corvorum invocantibus eum</i>. Ergo orare non est proprium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1672 rationalis creaturae.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1673 <p title="II-II q. 83 a. 10 s. c."><a name="42543"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1674 "ref">[42543] IIª-IIae q. 83 a. 10 s. c.</span></a> Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1675 contra, oratio est actus rationis, ut supra habitum est. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1676 rationalis creatura a ratione dicitur. Ergo orare est proprium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1677 rationalis creaturae.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1678 <p title="II-II q. 83 a. 10 co."><a name="42544"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1679 "ref">[42544] IIª-IIae q. 83 a. 10 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1680 dicendum quod, sicut ex supradictis patet, oratio est actus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1681 rationis per quem aliquis superiorem deprecatur, sicut imperium est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1682 actus rationis quo inferior ad aliquid ordinatur. Illi ergo proprie
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1683 competit orare cui convenit rationem habere, et superiorem quem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1684 deprecari possit. Divinis autem personis nihil est superius, bruta
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1685 autem animalia non habent rationem. Unde neque divinis personis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1686 neque brutis animalibus convenit orare, sed proprium est rationalis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1687 creaturae.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1688 <p title="II-II q. 83 a. 10 ad 1"><a name="42545"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1689 "ref">[42545] IIª-IIae q. 83 a. 10 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1690 ergo dicendum quod divinis personis convenit accipere per naturam,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1691 orare autem est accipientis per gratiam. Dicitur autem filius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1692 rogare, vel orare, secundum naturam assumptam, scilicet humanam,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1693 non secundum divinam. Spiritus autem sanctus dicitur postulare,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1694 quia postulantes nos facit.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1695 <p title="II-II q. 83 a. 10 ad 2"><a name="42546"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1696 "ref">[42546] IIª-IIae q. 83 a. 10 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1697 dicendum quod ratio et intellectus in nobis non sunt diversae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1698 potentiae, ut in primo habitum est, differunt autem secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1699 perfectum et imperfectum. Et ideo quandoque intellectuales
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1700 creaturae, quae sunt Angeli, distinguuntur a rationalibus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1701 quandoque autem sub rationalibus comprehenduntur. Et hoc modo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1702 dicitur oratio esse proprium rationalis creaturae.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1703 <p title="II-II q. 83 a. 10 ad 3"><a name="42547"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1704 "ref">[42547] IIª-IIae q. 83 a. 10 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1705 dicendum quod pulli corvorum dicuntur Deum invocare, propter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1706 naturale desiderium quo omnia suo modo desiderant consequi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1707 bonitatem divinam. Sic etiam bruta animalia dicuntur Deo obedire,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1708 propter naturalem instinctum quo a Deo moventur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1709 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1710 <div class="E">Articulus 11</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1711 <p title="II-II q. 83 a. 11 arg. 1"><a name="42548"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1712 "ref">[42548] IIª-IIae q. 83 a. 11 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1713 undecimum sic proceditur. Videtur quod sancti qui sunt in patria
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1714 non orent pro nobis. Actus enim alicuius magis est meritorius sibi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1715 quam aliis. Sed sancti qui sunt in patria non merentur sibi, nec
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1716 pro se orant, quia iam sunt in termino constituti. Ergo etiam neque
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1717 pro nobis orant.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1718 <p title="II-II q. 83 a. 11 arg. 2"><a name="42549"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1719 "ref">[42549] IIª-IIae q. 83 a. 11 arg. 2</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1720 Praeterea, sancti perfecte suam voluntatem Deo conformant, ut non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1721 velint nisi quod Deus vult. Sed illud quod Deus vult semper
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1722 impletur. Ergo frustra sancti pro nobis orarent.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1723 <p title="II-II q. 83 a. 11 arg. 3"><a name="42550"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1724 "ref">[42550] IIª-IIae q. 83 a. 11 arg. 3</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1725 Praeterea, sicut sancti qui sunt in patria sunt superiores nobis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1726 ita et illi qui sunt in Purgatorio, quia iam peccare non possunt.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1727 Sed illi qui sunt in Purgatorio non orant pro nobis, sed magis nos
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1728 pro eis. Ergo nec sancti qui sunt in patria pro nobis orant.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1729 <p title="II-II q. 83 a. 11 arg. 4"><a name="42551"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1730 "ref">[42551] IIª-IIae q. 83 a. 11 arg. 4</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1731 Praeterea, si sancti qui sunt in patria pro nobis orarent,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1732 superiorum sanctorum esset efficacior oratio. Non ergo deberet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1733 implorari suffragium orationum sanctorum inferiorum, sed solum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1734 superiorum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1735 <p title="II-II q. 83 a. 11 arg. 5"><a name="42552"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1736 "ref">[42552] IIª-IIae q. 83 a. 11 arg. 5</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1737 Praeterea, anima Petri non est Petrus. Si ergo animae sanctorum pro
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1738 nobis orarent quandiu sunt a corpore separatae, non deberemus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1739 interpellare sanctum Petrum ad orandum pro nobis, sed animam eius.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1740 Cuius contrarium Ecclesia facit. Non ergo sancti, ad minus ante
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1741 resurrectionem, pro nobis orant.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1742 <p title="II-II q. 83 a. 11 s. c."><a name="42553"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1743 "ref">[42553] IIª-IIae q. 83 a. 11 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1744 est quod dicitur II Mach. ult., <i>hic est qui multum orat pro
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1745 populo et universa sancta civitate, Ieremias, propheta Dei</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1746 <p title="II-II q. 83 a. 11 co."><a name="42554"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1747 "ref">[42554] IIª-IIae q. 83 a. 11 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1748 dicendum quod, sicut Hieronymus dicit, <i>Vigilantii error fuit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1749 quod, dum vivimus, mutuo pro nobis orare possumus; postquam autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1750 mortui fuerimus, nullius sit pro alio exaudienda oratio, praesertim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1751 cum martyres, ultionem sui sanguinis obsecrantes, impetrare
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1752 nequiverint</i>. Sed hoc est omnino falsum. Quia cum oratio pro
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1753 aliis facta ex caritate proveniat, ut dictum est, quanto sancti qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1754 sunt in patria sunt perfectioris caritatis, tanto magis orant pro
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1755 viatoribus, qui orationibus iuvari possunt, et quanto sunt Deo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1756 coniunctiores, tanto eorum orationes sunt magis efficaces. Habet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1757 enim hoc divinus ordo, ut ex superiorum excellentia in inferiora
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1758 refundatur, sicut ex claritate solis in aerem. Unde et de Christo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1759 dicitur, Heb. VII, <i>accedens per semetipsum ad Deum ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1760 interpellandum pro nobis</i>. Et propter hoc Hieronymus, contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1761 Vigilantium, dicit, <i>si apostoli et martyres adhuc in corpore
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1762 constituti possunt orare pro ceteris, quando pro se adhuc debent
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1763 esse solliciti; quanto magis post coronas, victorias et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1764 triumphos</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1765 <p title="II-II q. 83 a. 11 ad 1"><a name="42555"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1766 "ref">[42555] IIª-IIae q. 83 a. 11 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1767 ergo dicendum quod sanctis qui sunt in patria, cum sint beati,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1768 nihil deest nisi gloria corporis, pro qua orant. Orant autem pro
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1769 nobis, quibus deest beatitudinis ultima perfectio. Et eorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1770 orationes habent efficaciam impetrandi ex praecedentibus eorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1771 meritis, et ex divina acceptatione.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1772 <p title="II-II q. 83 a. 11 ad 2"><a name="42556"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1773 "ref">[42556] IIª-IIae q. 83 a. 11 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1774 dicendum quod sancti impetrant illud quod Deus vult fieri per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1775 orationes eorum. Et hoc petunt quod aestimant eorum orationibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1776 implendum secundum Dei voluntatem.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1777 <p title="II-II q. 83 a. 11 ad 3"><a name="42557"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1778 "ref">[42557] IIª-IIae q. 83 a. 11 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1779 dicendum quod illi qui sunt in Purgatorio, etsi sint superiores
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1780 nobis propter impeccabilitatem, sunt tamen inferiores quantum ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1781 poenas quas patiuntur. Et secundum hoc non sunt in statu orandi,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1782 sed magis ut oretur pro eis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1783 <p title="II-II q. 83 a. 11 ad 4"><a name="42558"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1784 "ref">[42558] IIª-IIae q. 83 a. 11 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1785 dicendum quod Deus vult inferiora per omnia superiora iuvari. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1786 ideo oportet non solum superiores, sed etiam inferiores sanctos
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1787 implorare. Alioquin esset solius Dei misericordia imploranda.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1788 Contingit tamen quandoque quod imploratio inferioris sancti
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1789 efficacior est, vel quia devotius implorantur; vel quia Deus vult
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1790 eorum sanctitatem declarare.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1791 <p title="II-II q. 83 a. 11 ad 5"><a name="42559"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1792 "ref">[42559] IIª-IIae q. 83 a. 11 ad 5</span></a> Ad quintum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1793 dicendum quod quia sancti viventes meruerunt ut pro nobis orarent,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1794 ideo eos invocamus nominibus quibus hic vocabantur, quibus etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1795 nobis magis innotescunt. Et iterum propter fidem resurrectionis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1796 insinuandam, sicut legitur Exod. III, <i>ego sum Deus Abraham,</i>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1797 et cetera.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1798 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1799 <div class="E">Articulus 12</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1800 <p title="II-II q. 83 a. 12 arg. 1"><a name="42560"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1801 "ref">[42560] IIª-IIae q. 83 a. 12 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1802 duodecimum sic proceditur. Videtur quod oratio non debeat esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1803 vocalis. Oratio enim, sicut ex dictis patet, principaliter Deo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1804 porrigitur. Deus autem locutionem cordis cognoscit. Frustra igitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1805 vocalis oratio adhibetur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1806 <p title="II-II q. 83 a. 12 arg. 2"><a name="42561"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1807 "ref">[42561] IIª-IIae q. 83 a. 12 arg. 2</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1808 Praeterea, per orationem mens hominis debet in Deum ascendere, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1809 dictum est. Sed voces retrahunt homines ab ascensu contemplationis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1810 in Deum, sicut et alia sensibilia. Ergo in oratione non est vocibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1811 utendum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1812 <p title="II-II q. 83 a. 12 arg. 3"><a name="42562"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1813 "ref">[42562] IIª-IIae q. 83 a. 12 arg. 3</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1814 Praeterea, oratio debet offerri Deo in occulto, secundum illud
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1815 Matth. VI, <i>tu autem cum oraveris, intra in cubiculum, et clauso
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1816 ostio, ora patrem tuum in abscondito</i>. Sed per vocem oratio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1817 publicatur. Ergo non debet oratio esse vocalis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1818 <p title="II-II q. 83 a. 12 s. c."><a name="42563"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1819 "ref">[42563] IIª-IIae q. 83 a. 12 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1820 est quod dicitur in Psalm., <i>voce mea ad dominum clamavi, voce
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1821 mea ad dominum deprecatus sum</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1822 <p title="II-II q. 83 a. 12 co."><a name="42564"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1823 "ref">[42564] IIª-IIae q. 83 a. 12 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1824 dicendum quod duplex est oratio, communis, et singularis. Communis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1825 quidem oratio est quae per ministros Ecclesiae in persona totius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1826 fidelis populi Deo offertur. Et ideo oportet quod talis oratio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1827 innotescat toti populo, pro quo profertur. Quod non posset fieri
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1828 nisi esset vocalis. Et ideo rationabiliter institutum est ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1829 ministri Ecclesiae huiusmodi orationes etiam alta voce pronuntient,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1830 ut ad notitiam omnium possit pervenire. Oratio vero singularis est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1831 quae offertur a singulari persona cuiuscumque sive pro se sive pro
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1832 aliis orantis. Et de huiusmodi orationis necessitate non est quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1833 sit vocalis. Adiungitur tamen vox tali orationi triplici ratione.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1834 Primo quidem, ad excitandum interiorem devotionem, qua mens orantis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1835 elevetur in Deum. Quia per exteriora signa, sive vocum sive etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1836 aliquorum factorum, movetur mens hominis et secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1837 apprehensionem, et per consequens secundum affectionem. Unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1838 Augustinus dicit, ad Probam, quod <i>verbis et aliis signis ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1839 augendum sanctum desiderium nosipsos acrius excitamus</i>. Et ideo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1840 in singulari oratione tantum est vocibus et huiusmodi signis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1841 utendum quantum proficit ad excitandum interius mentem. Si vero
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1842 mens per hoc distrahatur, vel qualitercumque impediatur, est a
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1843 talibus cessandum. Quod praecipue contingit in illis quorum mens
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1844 sine huiusmodi signis est sufficienter ad devotionem parata. Unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1845 Psalmista dicebat, <i>tibi dixit cor meum, exquisivit te facies
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1846 mea</i>; et de Anna legitur, I Reg. I, quod loquebatur in corde
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1847 suo. Secundo, adiungitur vocalis oratio quasi ad redditionem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1848 debiti, ut scilicet homo Deo serviat secundum totum illud quod ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1849 Deo habet, idest non solum mente, sed etiam corpore. Quod praecipue
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1850 competit orationi secundum quod est satisfactoria. Unde dicitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1851 Osee ult., <i>omnem aufer iniquitatem, et accipe bonum, et reddemus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1852 vitulos labiorum nostrorum</i>. Tertio, adiungitur vocalis oratio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1853 ex quadam redundantia ab anima in corpus ex vehementi affectione,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1854 secundum illud Psalm., <i>laetatum est cor meum, et exultavit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1855 lingua mea</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1856 <p title="II-II q. 83 a. 12 ad 1"><a name="42565"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1857 "ref">[42565] IIª-IIae q. 83 a. 12 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1858 ergo dicendum quod vocalis oratio non profertur ad hoc quod aliquid
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1859 ignotum Deo manifestetur, sed ad hoc quod mens orantis vel aliorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1860 excitetur in Deum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1861 <p title="II-II q. 83 a. 12 ad 2"><a name="42566"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1862 "ref">[42566] IIª-IIae q. 83 a. 12 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1863 dicendum quod verba ad aliud pertinentia distrahunt mentem, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1864 impediunt devotionem orantis. Sed verba significantia aliquid ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1865 devotionem pertinens excitant mentes, praecipue minus devotas.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1866 <p title="II-II q. 83 a. 12 ad 3"><a name="42567"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1867 "ref">[42567] IIª-IIae q. 83 a. 12 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1868 dicendum quod, sicut Chrysostomus dicit, super Matth., <i>eo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1869 proposito dominus vetat in conventu orare ut a conventu videatur.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1870 Unde orans nihil novum facere debet quod aspiciant homines, vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1871 clamando vel pectus percutiendo vel manus expandendo</i>. Nec
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1872 tamen, ut Augustinus dicit, in libro de Serm. Dom. in monte,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1873 <i>videri ab hominibus nefas est, sed ideo haec agere ut ab
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1874 hominibus videaris</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1875 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1876 <div class="E">Articulus 13</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1877 <p title="II-II q. 83 a. 13 arg. 1"><a name="42568"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1878 "ref">[42568] IIª-IIae q. 83 a. 13 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1879 tertiumdecimum sic proceditur. Videtur quod de necessitate
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1880 orationis sit quod sit attenta. Dicitur enim Ioan. IV, <i>spiritus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1881 est Deus, et eos qui adorant eum, in spiritu et veritate adorare
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1882 oportet</i>. Sed oratio non est in spiritu si non sit attenta. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1883 de necessitate orationis est quod sit attenta.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1884 <p title="II-II q. 83 a. 13 arg. 2"><a name="42569"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1885 "ref">[42569] IIª-IIae q. 83 a. 13 arg. 2</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1886 Praeterea, oratio est ascensus intellectus in Deum. Sed quando
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1887 oratio non est attenta, intellectus non ascendit in Deum. Ergo de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1888 necessitate orationis est quod sit attenta.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1889 <p title="II-II q. 83 a. 13 arg. 3"><a name="42570"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1890 "ref">[42570] IIª-IIae q. 83 a. 13 arg. 3</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1891 Praeterea, de necessitate orationis est quod careat omni peccato.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1892 Sed non est absque peccato quod aliquis orando evagationem mentis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1893 patiatur, videtur eum deridere Deum, sicut et si alicui homini
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1894 loqueretur et non attenderet ad ea quae ipse proferret. Unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1895 Basilius dicit, <i>est divinum auxilium implorandum non remisse,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1896 nec mente huc illuc evagante, eo quod talis non solum non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1897 impetrabit quod petit, sed et magis Deum irritabit</i>. Ergo de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1898 necessitate orationis esse videtur quod sit attenta.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1899 <p title="II-II q. 83 a. 13 s. c."><a name="42571"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1900 "ref">[42571] IIª-IIae q. 83 a. 13 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1901 est quod etiam sancti viri quandoque orantes evagationem mentis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1902 patiuntur, secundum illud Psalm., <i>cor meum dereliquit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1903 me</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1904 <p title="II-II q. 83 a. 13 co."><a name="42572"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1905 "ref">[42572] IIª-IIae q. 83 a. 13 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1906 dicendum quod quaestio haec praecipue locum habet in oratione
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1907 vocali. Circa quam sciendum est quod necessarium dicitur aliquid
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1908 dupliciter. Uno modo, per quod melius pervenitur ad finem. Et sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1909 attentio absolute orationi necessaria est. Alio modo dicitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1910 aliquid necessarium sine quo res non potest consequi suum effectum.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1911 Est autem triplex effectus orationis. Primus quidem communis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1912 omnibus actibus caritate informatis, quod est mereri. Et ad hunc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1913 effectum non ex necessitate requiritur quod attentio adsit orationi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1914 per totum, sed vis primae intentionis qua aliquis ad orandum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1915 accedit, reddit totam orationem meritoriam, sicut in aliis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1916 meritoriis actibus accidit. Secundus autem effectus orationis est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1917 ei proprius, quod est impetrare. Et ad hunc etiam effectum sufficit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1918 prima intentio, quam Deus principaliter attendit. Si autem prima
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1919 intentio desit, oratio nec meritoria est nec impetrativa, <i>illam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1920 enim orationem Deus non audit cui ille qui orat non intendit</i>,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1921 ut Gregorius dicit. Tertius autem effectus orationis est quem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1922 praesentialiter efficit, scilicet quaedam spiritualis refectio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1923 mentis. Et ad hoc de necessitate requiritur in oratione attentio.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1924 Unde dicitur I Cor. XIV, <i>si orem lingua, mens mea sine fructu
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1925 est</i>. Sciendum tamen quod est triplex attentio quae orationi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1926 vocali potest adhiberi. Una quidem qua attenditur ad verba, ne quis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1927 in eis erret. Secunda qua attenditur ad sensum verborum. Tertia qua
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1928 attenditur ad finem orationis, scilicet ad Deum et ad rem pro qua
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1929 oratur, quae quidem est maxime necessaria. Et hanc etiam possunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1930 habere idiotae. Et quandoque intantum abundat haec intentio, qua
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1931 mens fertur in Deum, ut etiam omnium aliorum mens obliviscatur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1932 sicut dicit Hugo de sancto Victore.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1933 <p title="II-II q. 83 a. 13 ad 1"><a name="42573"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1934 "ref">[42573] IIª-IIae q. 83 a. 13 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1935 ergo dicendum quod in spiritu et veritate orat qui ex instinctu
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1936 spiritus ad orandum accedit, etiam si ex aliqua infirmitate mens
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1937 postmodum evagetur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1938 <p title="II-II q. 83 a. 13 ad 2"><a name="42574"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1939 "ref">[42574] IIª-IIae q. 83 a. 13 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1940 dicendum quod mens humana, propter infirmitatem naturae, diu in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1941 alto stare non potest, pondere enim infirmitatis humanae deprimitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1942 anima ad inferiora. Et ideo contingit quod quando mens orantis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1943 ascendit in Deum per contemplationem, subito evagetur ex quadam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1944 infirmitate.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1945 <p title="II-II q. 83 a. 13 ad 3"><a name="42575"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1946 "ref">[42575] IIª-IIae q. 83 a. 13 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1947 dicendum quod si quis ex proposito in oratione mente evagetur, hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1948 peccatum est, et impedit orationis fructum. Et contra hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1949 Augustinus dicit, in regula, <i>Psalmis et hymnis cum oratis Deum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1950 hoc versetur in corde quod profertur in ore</i>. Evagatio vero
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1951 mentis quae fit praeter propositum, orationis fructum non tollit.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1952 Unde Basilius dicit, <i>si vero, debilitatus a peccato, fixe nequis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1953 orare, quantumcumque potes teipsum cohibeas, et Deus ignoscit, eo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1954 quod non ex negligentia, sed ex fragilitate non potes, ut oportet,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1955 assistere coram eo</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1956 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1957 <div class="E">Articulus 14</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1958 <p title="II-II q. 83 a. 14 arg. 1"><a name="42576"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1959 "ref">[42576] IIª-IIae q. 83 a. 14 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1960 quartumdecimum sic proceditur. Videtur quod oratio non debeat esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1961 diuturna. Dicitur enim Matth. VI, <i>orantes nolite multum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1962 loqui</i>. Sed oportet multum loqui diu orantem, praesertim si
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1963 oratio sit vocalis. Ergo non debet esse oratio diuturna.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1964 <p title="II-II q. 83 a. 14 arg. 2"><a name="42577"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1965 "ref">[42577] IIª-IIae q. 83 a. 14 arg. 2</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1966 Praeterea, oratio est explicativa desiderii. Sed desiderium tanto
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1967 est sanctius quanto magis ad unum restringitur, secundum illud
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1968 Psalm., <i>unam petii a domino, hanc requiram</i>. Ergo et oratio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1969 tanto est Deo acceptior quanto est brevior.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1970 <p title="II-II q. 83 a. 14 arg. 3"><a name="42578"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1971 "ref">[42578] IIª-IIae q. 83 a. 14 arg. 3</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1972 Praeterea, illicitum videtur esse quod homo transgreditur terminos
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1973 a Deo praefixos, praecipue in his quae pertinent ad cultum divinum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1974 secundum illud Exod. XIX, <i>contestare populum, ne forte velit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1975 transcendere propositos terminos ad videndum dominum, et pereat ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1976 eis plurima multitudo</i>. Sed a Deo praefixus est nobis terminus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1977 orandi per institutionem orationis dominicae, ut patet Matth. VI.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1978 Ergo non licet ultra orationem protendere.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1979 <p title="II-II q. 83 a. 14 s. c."><a name="42579"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1980 "ref">[42579] IIª-IIae q. 83 a. 14 s. c.</span></a> Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1981 contra, videtur quod continue sit orandum. Quia dominus dicit, Luc.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1982 XVIII, <i>oportet semper orare, et non deficere</i>. Et I ad Thess.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1983 V, <i>sine intermissione orate</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1984 <p title="II-II q. 83 a. 14 co."><a name="42580"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1985 "ref">[42580] IIª-IIae q. 83 a. 14 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1986 dicendum quod de oratione dupliciter loqui possumus, uno modo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1987 secundum seipsam; alio modo, secundum causam suam. Causa autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1988 orationis est desiderium caritatis, ex quo procedere debet oratio.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1989 Quod quidem in nobis debet esse continuum vel actu vel virtute,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1990 manet enim virtus huius desiderii in omnibus quae ex caritate
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1991 facimus; omnia autem debemus in gloriam Dei facere, ut dicitur I ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1992 Cor. X. Et secundum hoc oratio debet esse continua. Unde Augustinus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1993 dicit, ad Probam, <i>in ipsa fide, spe et caritate continuato
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1994 desiderio semper oramus</i>. Sed ipsa oratio secundum se
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1995 considerata non potest esse assidua, quia oportet aliis operibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1996 occupari. Sed, sicut Augustinus ibidem dicit, <i>ideo per certa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1997 intervalla horarum et temporum etiam verbis rogamus Deum, ut illis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1998 rerum signis nosipsos admoneamus; quantumque in hoc desiderio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1999 profecerimus, nobis ipsis innotescamus; et ad hoc agendum nosipsos
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2000 acrius excitemus</i>. Uniuscuiusque autem rei quantitas debet esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2001 proportionata fini, sicut quantitas potionis sanitati. Unde et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2002 conveniens est ut oratio tantum duret quantum est utile ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2003 excitandum interioris desiderii fervorem. Cum vero hanc mensuram
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2004 excedit, ita quod sine taedio durare non possit, non est ulterius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2005 oratio protendenda. Unde Augustinus dicit, ad Probam, <i>dicuntur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2006 fratres in Aegypto crebras quidem habere orationes, sed eas tamen
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2007 brevissimas, et raptim quodammodo iaculatas, ne illa vigilanter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2008 erecta, quae oranti plurimum necessaria est, per productiores moras
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2009 evanescat atque hebetetur intentio. Ac per hoc etiam ipsi satis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2010 ostendunt hanc intentionem, sicut non esse obtundendam si perdurare
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2011 non potest, ita, si perduraverit, non cito esse rumpendam</i>. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2012 sicut hoc est attendendum in oratione singulari per comparationem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2013 ad intentionem orantis, ita etiam in oratione communi per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2014 comparationem ad populi devotionem.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2015 <p title="II-II q. 83 a. 14 ad 1"><a name="42581"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2016 "ref">[42581] IIª-IIae q. 83 a. 14 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2017 ergo dicendum quod, sicut Augustinus dicit, ad Probam, <i>non est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2018 hoc orare in multiloquio, si diutius oretur. Aliud est sermo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2019 multus; aliud diuturnus affectus. Nam et de ipso domino scriptum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2020 est quod pernoctaverit in orando, et quod prolixius oraverit, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2021 nobis praeberet exemplum</i>. Et postea subdit, <i>absit ab
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2022 oratione multa locutio, sed non desit multa precatio, si fervens
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2023 perseverat intentio. Nam multum loqui est in orando rem necessariam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2024 superfluis agere verbis. Plerumque autem hoc negotium plus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2025 gemitibus quam sermonibus agitur</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2026 <p title="II-II q. 83 a. 14 ad 2"><a name="42582"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2027 "ref">[42582] IIª-IIae q. 83 a. 14 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2028 dicendum quod prolixitas orationis non consistit in hoc quod multa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2029 petantur, sed in hoc quod affectus continuetur ad unum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2030 desiderandum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2031 <p title="II-II q. 83 a. 14 ad 3"><a name="42583"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2032 "ref">[42583] IIª-IIae q. 83 a. 14 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2033 dicendum quod dominus non instituit hanc orationem ut his solis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2034 verbis uti debeamus in orando, sed quia ad haec sola impetranda
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2035 debet tendere nostrae orationis intentio, qualitercumque ea
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2036 proferamus vel cogitemus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2037 <p title="II-II q. 83 a. 14 ad 4"><a name="42584"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2038 "ref">[42584] IIª-IIae q. 83 a. 14 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2039 dicendum quod aliquis continue orat, vel propter continuitatem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2040 desiderii, ut dictum est. Vel quia non intermittit quin temporibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2041 statutis oret. Vel propter effectum, sive in ipso orante, qui etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2042 post orationem remanet magis devotus; sive etiam in alio, puta cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2043 aliquis suis beneficiis provocat alium ut pro se oret, etiam quando
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2044 ipse ab orando quiescit.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2045 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2046 <div class="E">Articulus 15</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2047 <p title="II-II q. 83 a. 15 arg. 1"><a name="42585"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2048 "ref">[42585] IIª-IIae q. 83 a. 15 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2049 quintumdecimum sic proceditur. Videtur quod oratio non sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2050 meritoria. Omne enim meritum procedit a gratia. Sed oratio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2051 praecedit gratiam, quia etiam ipsa gratia per orationem impetratur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2052 secundum illud Luc. XI, <i>pater vester de caelo dabit spiritum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2053 bonum petentibus se</i>. Ergo oratio non est actus meritorius.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2054 <p title="II-II q. 83 a. 15 arg. 2"><a name="42586"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2055 "ref">[42586] IIª-IIae q. 83 a. 15 arg. 2</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2056 Praeterea, si oratio aliquid meretur, maxime videtur mereri illud
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2057 quod orando petitur. Sed hoc non semper meretur, quia multoties
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2058 etiam sanctorum orationes non exaudiuntur; sicut Paulus non est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2059 exauditus petens removeri a se stimulum carnis. Ergo oratio non est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2060 actus meritorius.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2061 <p title="II-II q. 83 a. 15 arg. 3"><a name="42587"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2062 "ref">[42587] IIª-IIae q. 83 a. 15 arg. 3</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2063 Praeterea, oratio praecipue fidei innititur, secundum illud Iac. I,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2064 <i>postulet autem in fide, nihil haesitans</i>. Fides autem non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2065 sufficit ad merendum, ut patet in his qui habent fidem informem.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2066 Ergo oratio non est actus meritorius.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2067 <p title="II-II q. 83 a. 15 s. c."><a name="42588"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2068 "ref">[42588] IIª-IIae q. 83 a. 15 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2069 est quod super illud Psalm., <i>oratio mea in sinu meo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2070 convertetur</i>, dicit Glossa, <i>etsi eis non profuit, ego tamen
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2071 non sum frustratus mea mercede</i>. Merces autem non debetur nisi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2072 merito. Ergo oratio habet rationem meriti.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2073 <p title="II-II q. 83 a. 15 co."><a name="42589"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2074 "ref">[42589] IIª-IIae q. 83 a. 15 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2075 dicendum quod, sicut dictum est, oratio, praeter effectum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2076 spiritualis consolationis quam praesentialiter affert, duplicem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2077 habet virtutem respectu futuri effectus, scilicet virtutem merendi,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2078 et virtutem impetrandi. Oratio autem, sicut et quilibet alius actus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2079 virtutis, habet efficaciam merendi inquantum procedit ex radice
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2080 caritatis, cuius proprium obiectum est bonum aeternum, cuius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2081 fruitionem meremur. Procedit tamen oratio a caritate mediante
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2082 religione, cuius est actus oratio ut dictum est; concomitantibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2083 etiam quibusdam aliis virtutibus quae ad bonitatem orationis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2084 requiruntur, scilicet humilitate et fide. Ad religionem enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2085 pertinet ipsam orationem Deo offerre. Ad caritatem vero pertinet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2086 desiderium rei cuius complementum oratio petit. Fides autem est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2087 necessaria ex parte Dei, quem oramus, ut scilicet credamus ab eo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2088 nos posse obtinere quod petimus. Humilitas autem est necessaria ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2089 parte ipsius petentis, qui suam indigentiam recognoscit. Est etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2090 et devotio necessaria, sed haec ad religionem pertinet, cuius est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2091 primus actus, necessarius ad omnes consequentes, ut supra dictum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2092 est. Efficaciam autem impetrandi habet ex gratia Dei, quem oramus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2093 qui etiam nos ad orandum inducit. Unde Augustinus dicit, in libro
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2094 de Verb. Dom., <i>non nos hortaretur ut peteremus, nisi dare
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2095 vellet</i>. Et Chrysostomus dicit, <i>nunquam oranti beneficia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2096 denegat qui ut orantes non deficiant sua pietate instigat</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2097 <p title="II-II q. 83 a. 15 ad 1"><a name="42590"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2098 "ref">[42590] IIª-IIae q. 83 a. 15 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2099 ergo dicendum quod oratio quae est sine gratia gratum faciente
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2100 meritoria non est, sicut nec aliquis alius actus virtuosus. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2101 tamen etiam oratio quae impetrat gratiam gratum facientem procedit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2102 ex aliqua gratia, quasi ex gratuito dono, quia ipsum orare est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2103 quoddam donum Dei, ut Augustinus dicit, in libro de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2104 perseverantia.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2105 <p title="II-II q. 83 a. 15 ad 2"><a name="42591"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2106 "ref">[42591] IIª-IIae q. 83 a. 15 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2107 dicendum quod ad aliud principaliter respicit meritum orationis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2108 quandoque quam ad id quod petitur, meritum enim praecipue ordinatur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2109 ad beatitudinem; sed petitio orationis directe se extendit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2110 quandoque ad aliqua alia, ut ex dictis patet. Si ergo illud aliud
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2111 quod petit aliquis pro seipso, non sit ei ad beatitudinem utile,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2112 non meretur illud, sed quandoque hoc petendo et desiderando meritum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2113 amittit, puta si petat a Deo complementum alicuius peccati, quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2114 est non pie orare. Quandoque vero non est necessarium ad salutem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2115 nec manifeste saluti contrarium. Et tunc, licet orans possit orando
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2116 mereri vitam aeternam, non tamen meretur illud obtinere quod petit.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2117 Unde Augustinus dicit, in libro sententiarum prosperi, <i>fideliter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2118 supplicans Deo pro necessitatibus huius vitae, et misericorditer
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2119 auditur, et misericorditer non auditur. Quid enim infirmo sit utile
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2120 magis novit medicus quam aegrotus</i>. Et propter hoc etiam Paulus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2121 non est exauditus petens amoveri stimulum carnis, quia non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2122 expediebat. Si vero id quod petitur sit utile ad beatitudinem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2123 hominis, quasi pertinens ad eius salutem, meretur illud non solum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2124 orando, sed etiam alia bona opera faciendo. Et ideo indubitanter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2125 accipit quod petit, sed quando debet accipere, <i>quaedam enim non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2126 negantur, sed ut congruo dentur tempore, differuntur</i>, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2127 Augustinus dicit, super Ioan. Quod tamen potest impediri, si in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2128 petendo non perseveret. Et propter hoc dicit Basilius, <i>ideo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2129 quandoque petis et non accipis, quia perperam postulasti, vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2130 infideliter vel leviter, vel non conferentia tibi, vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2131 destitisti</i>. Quia vero homo non potest alii mereri vitam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2132 aeternam ex condigno, ut supra dictum est; ideo per consequens nec
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2133 ea quae ad vitam aeternam pertinent potest aliquando aliquis ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2134 condigno alteri mereri. Et propter hoc non semper ille auditur qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2135 pro alio orat, ut supra habitum est. Et ideo ponuntur quatuor
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2136 conditiones, quibus concurrentibus, semper aliquis impetrat quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2137 petit, ut scilicet pro se petat, necessaria ad salutem, pie et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2138 perseveranter.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2139 <p title="II-II q. 83 a. 15 ad 3"><a name="42592"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2140 "ref">[42592] IIª-IIae q. 83 a. 15 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2141 dicendum quod oratio innititur principaliter fidei non quantum ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2142 efficaciam merendi, quia sic innititur principaliter caritati, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2143 quantum ad efficaciam impetrandi. Quia per fidem habet homo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2144 notitiam omnipotentiae divinae et misericordiae, ex quibus oratio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2145 impetrat quod petit.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2146 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2147 <div class="E">Articulus 16</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2148 <p title="II-II q. 83 a. 16 arg. 1"><a name="42593"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2149 "ref">[42593] IIª-IIae q. 83 a. 16 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2150 sextumdecimum sic proceditur. Videtur quod peccatores orando non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2151 impetrent aliquid a Deo. Dicitur enim Ioan. IX, <i>scimus quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2152 peccatores Deus non audit</i>. Quod consonat ei quod dicitur Prov.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2153 XXVIII, <i>qui declinat aures suas ne audiat legem, oratio eius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2154 erit execrabilis</i>, oratio autem execrabilis non impetrat aliquid
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2155 a Deo. Ergo peccatores non impetrant aliquid a Deo.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2156 <p title="II-II q. 83 a. 16 arg. 2"><a name="42594"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2157 "ref">[42594] IIª-IIae q. 83 a. 16 arg. 2</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2158 Praeterea, iusti impetrant a Deo illud quod merentur, ut supra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2159 habitum est. Sed peccatores nihil possunt mereri, quia gratia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2160 carent, et etiam caritate, quae est virtus pietatis, ut dicit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2161 Glossa, II ad Tim. III, super illud, <i>habentes quidem speciem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2162 pietatis, virtutem autem eius abnegantes</i>; et ita non pie orant,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2163 quod requiritur ad hoc quod oratio impetret, ut supra dictum est.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2164 Ergo peccatores nihil impetrant orando.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2165 <p title="II-II q. 83 a. 16 arg. 3"><a name="42595"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2166 "ref">[42595] IIª-IIae q. 83 a. 16 arg. 3</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2167 Praeterea, Chrysostomus dicit, super Matth., <i>pater non libenter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2168 exaudit orationem quam filius non dictavit</i>. Sed in oratione
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2169 quam Christus dictavit dicitur, <i>dimitte nobis debita nostra,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2170 sicut et nos dimittimus debitoribus nostris</i>, quod peccatores
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2171 non faciunt. Ergo vel mentiuntur hoc dicentes, et sic non sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2172 exauditione digni, vel, si non dicant, non exaudiuntur, quia formam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2173 orandi a Christo institutam non servant.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2174 <p title="II-II q. 83 a. 16 s. c."><a name="42596"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2175 "ref">[42596] IIª-IIae q. 83 a. 16 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2176 est quod Augustinus dicit, super Ioan., <i>si peccatores non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2177 exaudiret Deus, frustra publicanus dixisset, domine, propitius esto
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2178 mihi peccatori</i>. Et Chrysostomus dicit, super Matth., <i>omnis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2179 qui petit accipit, idest, sive iustus sit sive peccator</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2180 <p title="II-II q. 83 a. 16 co."><a name="42597"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2181 "ref">[42597] IIª-IIae q. 83 a. 16 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2182 dicendum quod in peccatore duo sunt consideranda, scilicet natura,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2183 quam diligit Deus; et culpa, quam odit. Si ergo peccator orando
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2184 aliquid petit inquantum peccator, idest secundum desiderium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2185 peccati, hoc a Deo non auditur ex misericordia, sed quandoque
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2186 auditur ad vindictam, dum Deus permittit peccatorem adhuc amplius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2187 ruere in peccata, Deus enim quaedam negat propitius quae concedit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2188 iratus, ut Augustinus dicit. Orationem vero peccatoris ex bono
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2189 naturae desiderio procedentem Deus audit, non quasi ex iustitia,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2190 quia peccator hoc non meretur, sed ex pura misericordia, observatis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2191 tamen quatuor praemissis conditionibus, ut scilicet pro se petat,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2192 necessaria ad salutem, pie et perseveranter.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2193 <p title="II-II q. 83 a. 16 ad 1"><a name="42598"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2194 "ref">[42598] IIª-IIae q. 83 a. 16 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2195 ergo dicendum quod, sicut Augustinus dicit, super Ioan., illud
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2196 verbum est caeci adhuc inuncti, idest nondum perfecte illuminati.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2197 Et ideo non est ratum. Quamvis possit verificari si intelligatur de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2198 peccatore inquantum est peccator. Per quem etiam modum oratio eius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2199 dicitur execrabilis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2200 <p title="II-II q. 83 a. 16 ad 2"><a name="42599"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2201 "ref">[42599] IIª-IIae q. 83 a. 16 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2202 dicendum quod peccator non potest pie orare quasi eius oratio ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2203 habitu virtutis informetur. Potest tamen eius oratio esse pia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2204 quantum ad hoc quod petit aliquid ad pietatem pertinens, sicut ille
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2205 qui non habet habitum iustitiae, potest aliquid iustum velle, ut ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2206 supradictis patet. Et quamvis eius oratio non sit meritoria, potest
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2207 tamen esse impetrativa, quia meritum innititur iustitiae, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2208 impetratio gratiae.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2209 <p title="II-II q. 83 a. 16 ad 3"><a name="42600"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2210 "ref">[42600] IIª-IIae q. 83 a. 16 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2211 dicendum quod, sicut dictum est, oratio dominica profertur ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2212 persona communi totius Ecclesiae. Et ideo si aliquis nolens
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2213 dimittere debita proximo dicat orationem dominicam, non mentitur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2214 quamvis hoc quod dicit non sit verum quantum ad suam personam, est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2215 enim verum quantum ad personam Ecclesiae. Extra quam est merito, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2216 ideo fructu orationis caret. Quandoque tamen aliqui peccatores
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2217 parati sunt debitoribus suis remittere. Et ideo ipsi orantes
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2218 exaudiuntur, secundum illud Eccli. XXVIII, <i>relinque proximo tuo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2219 nocenti te, et tunc deprecanti tibi peccata solventur</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2220 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2221 <div class="E">Articulus 17</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2222 <p title="II-II q. 83 a. 17 arg. 1"><a name="42601"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2223 "ref">[42601] IIª-IIae q. 83 a. 17 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2224 septimumdecimum sic proceditur. Videtur quod inconvenienter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2225 dicantur esse orationis partes obsecrationes, orationes,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2226 postulationes, gratiarum actiones. Obsecratio enim videtur esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2227 quaedam adiuratio. Sed, sicut Origenes dicit, super Matth., <i>non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2228 oportet ut vir qui vult secundum Evangelium vivere, adiuret alium,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2229 si enim iurare non licet, nec adiurare</i>. Ergo inconvenienter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2230 ponitur obsecratio orationis pars.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2231 <p title="II-II q. 83 a. 17 arg. 2"><a name="42602"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2232 "ref">[42602] IIª-IIae q. 83 a. 17 arg. 2</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2233 Praeterea, oratio, secundum Damascenum, est petitio decentium a
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2234 Deo. Inconvenienter ergo orationes contra postulationes
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2235 dividuntur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2236 <p title="II-II q. 83 a. 17 arg. 3"><a name="42603"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2237 "ref">[42603] IIª-IIae q. 83 a. 17 arg. 3</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2238 Praeterea, gratiarum actiones pertinent ad praeterita, alia vero ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2239 futura. Sed praeterita sunt priora futuris. Inconvenienter ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2240 gratiarum actiones post alia ponuntur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2241 <p title="II-II q. 83 a. 17 s. c."><a name="42604"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2242 "ref">[42604] IIª-IIae q. 83 a. 17 s. c.</span></a> In
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2243 contrarium est auctoritas apostoli, I ad Tim. II.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2244 <p title="II-II q. 83 a. 17 co."><a name="42605"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2245 "ref">[42605] IIª-IIae q. 83 a. 17 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2246 dicendum quod ad orationem tria requiruntur. Quorum primum est ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2247 orans accedat ad Deum, quem orat. Quod significatur nomine
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2248 orationis, quia oratio est ascensus intellectus in Deum. Secundo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2249 requiritur petitio, quae significatur nomine postulationis, sive
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2250 petitio proponatur determinate, quod quidem nominant quidam proprie
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2251 postulationem; sive indeterminate, ut cum quis petit iuvari a Deo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2252 quod nominant supplicationem; sive solum factum narretur, secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2253 illud Ioan. XI, <i>ecce, quem amas infirmatur</i>, quod vocant
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2254 insinuationem. Tertio, requiritur ratio impetrandi quod petitur. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2255 hoc vel ex parte Dei, vel ex parte petentis. Ratio quidem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2256 impetrandi ex parte Dei est eius sanctitas, propter quam petimus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2257 exaudiri, secundum illud Dan. IX, <i>propter temetipsum inclina,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2258 Deus meus, aurem tuam</i>. Et ad hoc pertinet obsecratio, quae est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2259 per sacra contestatio, sicut cum dicimus, per nativitatem tuam,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2260 libera nos, domine. Ratio vero impetrandi ex parte petentis est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2261 gratiarum actio, quia de acceptis beneficiis gratias agentes,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2262 meremur accipere potiora, ut in collecta dicitur. Et ideo dicit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2263 Glossa, I ad Tim. II, quod <i>in Missa obsecrationes sunt quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2264 praecedunt consecrationem</i>, in quibus quaedam sacra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2265 commemorantur; orationes sunt in ipsa consecratione, in qua mens
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2266 maxime debet elevari in Deum; postulationes autem <i>sunt in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2267 sequentibus petitionibus; gratiarum actiones in fine</i>. In
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2268 pluribus etiam Ecclesiae collectis haec quatuor possunt attendi.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2269 Sicut in collecta Trinitatis, quod dicitur, omnipotens, sempiterne
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2270 Deus, pertinet ad orationis ascensum in Deum; quod dicitur, qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2271 dedisti famulis tuis etc., pertinet ad gratiarum actionem; quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2272 dicitur, praesta, quaesumus etc., pertinet ad postulationem; quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2273 in fine ponitur, per dominum nostrum etc., pertinet ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2274 obsecrationem. In collationibus autem patrum dicitur quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2275 <i>obsecratio est imploratio pro peccatis; oratio, cum aliquid Deo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2276 vovemus; postulatio, cum pro aliis petimus</i>. Sed primum melius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2277 est.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2278 <p title="II-II q. 83 a. 17 ad 1"><a name="42606"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2279 "ref">[42606] IIª-IIae q. 83 a. 17 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2280 ergo dicendum quod obsecratio non est adiuratio ad compellendum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2281 quae prohibetur, sed ad misericordiam implorandum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2282 <p title="II-II q. 83 a. 17 ad 2"><a name="42607"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2283 "ref">[42607] IIª-IIae q. 83 a. 17 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2284 dicendum quod oratio communiter sumpta includit omnia quae hic
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2285 dicuntur. Sed secundum quod contra alia dividitur, importat proprie
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2286 ascensum in Deum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2287 <p title="II-II q. 83 a. 17 ad 3"><a name="42608"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2288 "ref">[42608] IIª-IIae q. 83 a. 17 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2289 dicendum quod in diversis praeterita praecedunt futura, sed aliquid
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2290 unum et idem prius est futurum quam sit praeteritum. Et ideo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2291 gratiarum actio de aliis beneficiis praecedit postulationem aliorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2292 beneficiorum, sed idem beneficium prius postulatur, et ultimo, cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2293 acceptum fuerit, de eo gratiae aguntur. Postulationem autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2294 praecedit oratio, per quam acceditur ad eum a quo petimus.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2295 Orationem autem praecedit obsecratio, quia ex consideratione
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2296 divinae bonitatis ad eum audemus accedere.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2297 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2298 <div class="D">Quaestio 84</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2299 <div class="G">Prooemium</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2300 <p title="II-II q. 84 pr."><a name="42609"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2301 "ref">[42609] IIª-IIae q. 84 pr.</span></a> Deinde
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2302 considerandum est de exterioribus actibus latriae. Et primo, de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2303 adoratione, per quam aliquis suum corpus ad Deum venerandum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2304 exhibet; secundo, de illis actibus quibus aliquid de rebus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2305 exterioribus Deo offertur; tertio, de actibus quibus ea quae Dei
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2306 sunt assumuntur. Circa primum quaeruntur tria. Primo, utrum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2307 adoratio sit actus latriae. Secundo, utrum adoratio importet actum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2308 interiorem, vel exteriorem. Tertio, utrum adoratio requirat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2309 determinationem loci.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2310 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2311 <div class="E">Articulus 1</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2312 <p title="II-II q. 84 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="42610"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2313 "ref">[42610] IIª-IIae q. 84 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2314 sic proceditur. Videtur quod adoratio non sit actus latriae sive
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2315 religionis. Cultus enim religionis soli Deo debetur. Sed adoratio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2316 non debetur soli Deo, legitur enim Gen. XVIII quod Abraham adoravit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2317 Angelos; et III Reg. I dicitur quod Nathan propheta, ingressus ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2318 regem David, adoravit eum pronus in terram. Ergo adoratio non est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2319 actus religionis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2320 <p title="II-II q. 84 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="42611"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2321 "ref">[42611] IIª-IIae q. 84 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2322 religionis cultus debetur Deo prout in ipso beatificamur, ut patet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2323 per Augustinum, in X de Civ. Dei. Sed adoratio debetur ei ratione
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2324 maiestatis, quia super illud Psalm., <i>adorate dominum in atrio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2325 sancto eius</i>, dicit Glossa, <i>de his atriis venitur in atrium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2326 ubi maiestas adoratur</i>. Ergo adoratio non est actus latriae.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2327 <p title="II-II q. 84 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="42612"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2328 "ref">[42612] IIª-IIae q. 84 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2329 unius religionis cultus tribus personis debetur. Non autem una
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2330 adoratione adoramus tres personas, sed ad invocationem trium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2331 personarum singulariter genu flectimus. Ergo adoratio non est actus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2332 latriae.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2333 <p title="II-II q. 84 a. 1 s. c."><a name="42613"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2334 "ref">[42613] IIª-IIae q. 84 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2335 est quod Matth. IV inducitur, <i>dominum Deum tuum adorabis, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2336 illi soli servies</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2337 <p title="II-II q. 84 a. 1 co."><a name="42614"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2338 "ref">[42614] IIª-IIae q. 84 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2339 dicendum quod adoratio ordinatur in reverentiam eius qui adoratur.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2340 Manifestum est autem ex dictis quod religionis proprium est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2341 reverentiam Deo exhibere. Unde adoratio qua Deus adoratur est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2342 religionis actus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2343 <p title="II-II q. 84 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="42615"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2344 "ref">[42615] IIª-IIae q. 84 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2345 ergo dicendum quod Deo debetur reverentia propter eius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2346 excellentiam, quae aliquibus creaturis communicatur non secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2347 aequalitatem, sed secundum quandam participationem. Et ideo alia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2348 veneratione veneramur Deum, quod pertinet ad latriam, et alia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2349 veneratione quasdam excellentes creaturas, quod pertinet ad duliam,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2350 de qua post dicetur. Et quia ea quae exterius aguntur signa sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2351 interioris reverentiae, quaedam exteriora ad reverentiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2352 pertinentia exhibentur excellentibus creaturis, inter quae maximum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2353 est adoratio, sed aliquid est quod soli Deo exhibetur, scilicet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2354 sacrificium. Unde Augustinus dicit, in X de Civ. Dei, <i>multa de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2355 cultu divino usurpata sunt quae honoribus deferrentur humanis, sive
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2356 humilitate nimia sive adulatione pestifera, ita tamen ut quibus ea
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2357 deferrentur, homines haberentur, qui dicuntur colendi et venerandi;
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2358 si autem multum eis additur, et adorandi. Quis vero sacrificandum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2359 censuit nisi ei quem Deum aut scivit, aut putavit, aut finxit?</i>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2360 Secundum reverentiam igitur quae creaturae excellenti debetur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2361 Nathan adoravit David. Secundum autem reverentiam quae Deo debetur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2362 Mardochaeus noluit adorare Aman, <i>timens ne honorem Dei
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2363 transferret ad hominem</i>, ut dicitur Esther XIII. Et similiter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2364 secundum reverentiam debitam creaturae excellenti, Abraham adoravit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2365 Angelos; et etiam Iosue, ut legitur Iosue V. Quamvis possit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2366 intelligi quod adoraverint adoratione latriae Deum, qui in persona
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2367 Angeli apparebat et loquebatur. Secundum autem reverentiam quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2368 debetur Deo, prohibitus est Ioannes Angelum adorare, Apoc. ult. Tum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2369 ad ostendendum dignitatem hominis, quam adeptus est per Christum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2370 ut Angelis aequetur, unde ibi subditur, conservus tuus sum et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2371 fratrum tuorum. Tum etiam ad excludendum idololatriae occasionem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2372 unde subditur, Deum adora.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2373 <p title="II-II q. 84 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="42616"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2374 "ref">[42616] IIª-IIae q. 84 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2375 dicendum quod sub maiestate divina intelligitur omnis Dei
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2376 excellentia, ad quam pertinet quod in ipso, sicut in summo bono,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2377 beatificamur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2378 <p title="II-II q. 84 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="42617"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2379 "ref">[42617] IIª-IIae q. 84 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2380 dicendum quod quia una est excellentia trium personarum, unus honor
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2381 et reverentia eis debetur, et per consequens una adoratio. In cuius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2382 figuram, cum legatur de Abraham, Gen. XVIII, quod tres viri ei
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2383 apparuerunt, adorans unum alloquitur. Dicens, domine, si inveni
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2384 gratiam et cetera. Trina autem genuflexio signum est ternarii
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2385 personarum, non autem diversitatis adorationum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2386 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2387 <div class="E">Articulus 2</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2388 <p title="II-II q. 84 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="42618"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2389 "ref">[42618] IIª-IIae q. 84 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2390 secundum sic proceditur. Videtur quod adoratio non importet actum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2391 corporalem. Dicitur enim Ioan. IV, <i>veri adoratores adorabunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2392 patrem in spiritu et veritate</i>. Sed id quod fit in spiritu non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2393 pertinet ad corporalem actum. Ergo adoratio non importat corporalem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2394 actum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2395 <p title="II-II q. 84 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="42619"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2396 "ref">[42619] IIª-IIae q. 84 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2397 nomen adorationis ab oratione sumitur. Sed oratio principaliter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2398 consistit in interiori actu, secundum illud I ad Cor. XIV, <i>orabo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2399 spiritu, orabo et mente</i>. Ergo adoratio maxime importat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2400 spiritualem actum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2401 <p title="II-II q. 84 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="42620"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2402 "ref">[42620] IIª-IIae q. 84 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2403 corporales actus ad sensibilem cognitionem pertinent. Deum autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2404 non attingimus sensu corporis, sed mentis. Ergo adoratio non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2405 importat corporalem actum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2406 <p title="II-II q. 84 a. 2 s. c."><a name="42621"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2407 "ref">[42621] IIª-IIae q. 84 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2408 est quod super illud Exod. XX, non adorabis ea, neque coles, dicit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2409 Glossa, nec affectu colas, nec specie adores.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2410 <p title="II-II q. 84 a. 2 co."><a name="42622"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2411 "ref">[42622] IIª-IIae q. 84 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2412 dicendum quod, sicut Damascenus dicit, in IV libro, <i>quia ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2413 duplici natura compositi sumus, intellectuali scilicet et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2414 sensibili, duplicem adorationem Deo offerimus</i>, scilicet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2415 spiritualem, quae consistit in interiori mentis devotione; et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2416 corporalem, quae consistit in exteriori corporis humiliatione. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2417 quia in omnibus actibus latriae id quod est exterius refertur ad id
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2418 quod est interius sicut ad principalius, ideo ipsa exterior
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2419 adoratio fit propter interiorem, ut videlicet per signa humilitatis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2420 quae corporaliter exhibemus, excitetur noster affectus ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2421 subiiciendum se Deo; quia connaturale est nobis ut per sensibilia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2422 ad intelligibilia procedamus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2423 <p title="II-II q. 84 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="42623"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2424 "ref">[42623] IIª-IIae q. 84 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2425 ergo dicendum quod etiam adoratio corporalis in spiritu fit,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2426 inquantum ex spirituali devotione procedit, et ad eam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2427 ordinatur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2428 <p title="II-II q. 84 a. 2 ad 2"><a name="42624"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2429 "ref">[42624] IIª-IIae q. 84 a. 2 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2430 dicendum quod sicut oratio primordialiter quidem est in mente,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2431 secundario autem verbis exprimitur, ut supra dictum est; ita etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2432 adoratio principaliter quidem in interiori Dei reverentia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2433 consistit, secundario autem in quibusdam corporalibus humilitatis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2434 signis, sicut genu flectimus nostram infirmitatem significantes in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2435 comparatione ad Deum; prosternimus autem nos quasi profitentes nos
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2436 nihil esse ex nobis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2437 <p title="II-II q. 84 a. 2 ad 3"><a name="42625"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2438 "ref">[42625] IIª-IIae q. 84 a. 2 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2439 dicendum quod etsi per sensum Deum attingere non possumus, per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2440 sensibilia tamen signa mens nostra provocatur ut tendat in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2441 Deum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2442 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2443 <div class="E">Articulus 3</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2444 <p title="II-II q. 84 a. 3 arg. 1"><a name="42626"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2445 "ref">[42626] IIª-IIae q. 84 a. 3 arg. 1</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2446 sic proceditur. Videtur quod adoratio non requirat determinatum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2447 locum. Dicitur enim Ioan. IV, <i>venit hora quando neque in monte
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2448 hoc, neque in Ierosolymis adorabitis patrem</i>. Eadem autem ratio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2449 videtur esse et de aliis locis. Ergo determinatus locus non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2450 requiritur ad adorandum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2451 <p title="II-II q. 84 a. 3 arg. 2"><a name="42627"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2452 "ref">[42627] IIª-IIae q. 84 a. 3 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2453 adoratio exterior ordinatur ad interiorem. Sed interior adoratio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2454 fit ad Deum ut ubique existentem. Ergo exterior adoratio non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2455 requirit determinatum locum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2456 <p title="II-II q. 84 a. 3 arg. 3"><a name="42628"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2457 "ref">[42628] IIª-IIae q. 84 a. 3 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2458 idem Deus est qui in novo et veteri testamento adoratur. Sed in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2459 veteri testamento fiebat adoratio ad occidentem, nam ostium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2460 tabernaculi respiciebat ad orientem, ut habetur Exod. XXVI. Ergo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2461 eadem ratione, etiam nunc debemus adorare ad occidentem, si aliquis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2462 locus determinatus requiritur ad adorandum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2463 <p title="II-II q. 84 a. 3 s. c."><a name="42629"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2464 "ref">[42629] IIª-IIae q. 84 a. 3 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2465 est quod dicitur Isaiae LVI, et inducitur Ioan. II, <i>domus mea
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2466 domus orationis vocabitur</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2467 <p title="II-II q. 84 a. 3 co."><a name="42630"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2468 "ref">[42630] IIª-IIae q. 84 a. 3 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2469 dicendum quod, sicut dictum est, in adoratione principalior est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2470 interior devotio mentis, secundarium autem est quod pertinet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2471 exterius ad corporalia signa. Mens autem interius apprehendit Deum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2472 quasi non comprehensum aliquo loco, sed corporalia signa necesse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2473 est quod in determinato loco et situ sint. Et ideo determinatio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2474 loci non requiritur ad adorationem principaliter, quasi sit de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2475 necessitate ipsius, sed secundum quandam decentiam, sicut et alia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2476 corporalia signa.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2477 <p title="II-II q. 84 a. 3 ad 1"><a name="42631"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2478 "ref">[42631] IIª-IIae q. 84 a. 3 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2479 ergo dicendum quod dominus per illa verba praenuntiat cessationem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2480 adorationis tam secundum ritum Iudaeorum adorantium in Ierusalem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2481 quam etiam secundum ritum Samaritanorum adorantium in monte
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2482 Garizim. Uterque enim ritus cessavit veniente spirituali Evangelii
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2483 veritate, secundum quam in omni loco Deo sacrificatur, ut dicitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2484 Malach. I.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2485 <p title="II-II q. 84 a. 3 ad 2"><a name="42632"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2486 "ref">[42632] IIª-IIae q. 84 a. 3 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2487 dicendum quod determinatus locus eligitur ad adorandum, non propter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2488 Deum, qui adoratur, quasi loco concludatur, sed propter ipsos
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2489 adorantes. Et hoc triplici ratione. Primo quidem, propter loci
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2490 consecrationem, ex qua spiritualem devotionem concipiunt orantes,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2491 ut magis exaudiantur, sicut patet ex adoratione Salomonis, III Reg.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2492 VIII. Secundo, propter sacra mysteria et alia sanctitatis signa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2493 quae ibi continentur. Tertio, propter concursum multorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2494 adorantium, ex quo fit oratio magis exaudibilis, secundum illud
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2495 Matth. XVIII, <i>ubi sunt duo vel tres congregati in nomine meo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2496 ibi sum ego in medio eorum</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2497 <p title="II-II q. 84 a. 3 ad 3"><a name="42633"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2498 "ref">[42633] IIª-IIae q. 84 a. 3 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2499 dicendum quod secundum quandam decentiam adoramus versus orientem.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2500 Primo quidem, propter divinae maiestatis indicium quod nobis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2501 manifestatur in motu caeli, qui est ab oriente secundo, propter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2502 Paradisum in oriente constitutum, ut legitur Gen. II, secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2503 litteram Septuaginta, quasi quaeramus ad Paradisum redire. Tertio,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2504 propter Christum, qui est lux mundi et oriens nominatur, Zach. VI;
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2505 et qui ascendit super caelum caeli ad orientem; et ab oriente etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2506 expectatur venturus, secundum illud Matth. XXIV, <i>sicut fulgur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2507 exit ab oriente et paret usque ad occidentem, ita erit adventus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2508 filii hominis</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2509 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2510 <div class="D">Quaestio 85</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2511 <div class="G">Prooemium</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2512 <p title="II-II q. 85 pr."><a name="42634"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2513 "ref">[42634] IIª-IIae q. 85 pr.</span></a> Deinde
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2514 considerandum est de actibus quibus aliquae res exteriores Deo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2515 offeruntur. Circa quos occurrit duplex consideratio, primo quidem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2516 de his quae Deo a fidelibus dantur; secundo, de votis, quibus ei
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2517 aliqua promittuntur. Circa primum, considerandum est de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2518 sacrificiis, oblationibus, primitiis et decimis. Circa sacrificia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2519 quaeruntur quatuor. Primo, utrum offerre Deo sacrificium sit de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2520 lege naturae. Secundo, utrum soli Deo sit sacrificium offerendum.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2521 Tertio, utrum offerre sacrificium sit specialis actus virtutis.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2522 Quarto, utrum omnes teneantur ad sacrificium offerendum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2523 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2524 <div class="E">Articulus 1</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2525 <p title="II-II q. 85 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="42635"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2526 "ref">[42635] IIª-IIae q. 85 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2527 sic proceditur. Videtur quod offerre sacrificium Deo non sit de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2528 lege naturae. Ea enim quae sunt iuris naturalis communia sunt apud
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2529 omnes. Non autem hoc contingit circa sacrificia, nam quidam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2530 leguntur obtulisse in sacrificium panem et vinum, sicut de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2531 Melchisedech dicitur, Gen. XIV; et quidam haec, quidam illa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2532 animalia. Ergo oblatio sacrificiorum non est de iure naturali.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2533 <p title="II-II q. 85 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="42636"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2534 "ref">[42636] IIª-IIae q. 85 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2535 ea quae sunt iuris naturalis omnes iusti servaverunt. Sed non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2536 legitur de Isaac quod sacrificium obtulerit, neque etiam de Adam,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2537 de quo tamen dicitur, Sap. X, quod sapientia eduxit eum a delicto
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2538 suo. Ergo oblatio sacrificii non est de iure naturali.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2539 <p title="II-II q. 85 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="42637"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2540 "ref">[42637] IIª-IIae q. 85 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2541 Augustinus dicit, X de Civ. Dei, quod sacrificia in quadam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2542 significantia offeruntur. Voces autem, quae sunt praecipua inter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2543 signa, sicut idem dicit, in libro de Doct. Christ., non significant
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2544 naturaliter, sed ad placitum, secundum philosophum. Ergo sacrificia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2545 non sunt de lege naturali.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2546 <p title="II-II q. 85 a. 1 s. c."><a name="42638"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2547 "ref">[42638] IIª-IIae q. 85 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2548 est quod in qualibet aetate, et apud quaslibet hominum nationes,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2549 semper fuit aliqua sacrificiorum oblatio. Quod autem est apud
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2550 omnes, videtur naturale esse. Ergo et oblatio sacrificii est de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2551 iure naturali.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2552 <p title="II-II q. 85 a. 1 co."><a name="42639"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2553 "ref">[42639] IIª-IIae q. 85 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2554 dicendum quod naturalis ratio dictat homini quod alicui superiori
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2555 subdatur, propter defectus quos in seipso sentit, in quibus ab
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2556 aliquo superiori eget adiuvari et dirigi. Et quidquid illud sit,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2557 hoc est quod apud omnes dicitur Deus. Sicut autem in rebus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2558 naturalibus naturaliter inferiora superioribus subduntur, ita etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2559 naturalis ratio dictat homini secundum naturalem inclinationem ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2560 ei quod est supra hominem subiectionem et honorem exhibeat secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2561 suum modum. Est autem modus conveniens homini ut sensibilibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2562 signis utatur ad aliqua exprimenda, quia ex sensibilibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2563 cognitionem accipit. Et ideo ex naturali ratione procedit quod homo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2564 quibusdam sensibilibus rebus utatur offerens eas Deo, in signum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2565 debitae subiectionis et honoris, secundum similitudinem eorum qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2566 dominis suis aliqua offerunt in recognitionem dominii. Hoc autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2567 pertinet ad rationem sacrificii. Et ideo oblatio sacrificii
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2568 pertinet ad ius naturale.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2569 <p title="II-II q. 85 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="42640"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2570 "ref">[42640] IIª-IIae q. 85 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2571 ergo dicendum quod, sicut supra dictum est, aliqua in communi sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2572 de iure naturali quorum determinationes sunt de iure positivo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2573 sicut quod malefactores puniantur habet lex naturalis, sed quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2574 tali poena vel tali puniantur est ex institutione divina vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2575 humana. Similiter etiam oblatio sacrificii in communi est de lege
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2576 naturae, et ideo in hoc omnes conveniunt. Sed determinatio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2577 sacrificiorum est ex institutione humana vel divina, et ideo in hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2578 differunt.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2579 <p title="II-II q. 85 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="42641"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2580 "ref">[42641] IIª-IIae q. 85 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2581 dicendum quod Adam et Isaac, sicut et alii iusti, Deo sacrificium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2582 obtulerunt secundum sui temporis congruentiam, ut patet per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2583 Gregorium, qui dicit quod apud antiquos per sacrificiorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2584 oblationes remittebatur pueris originale peccatum. Non tamen de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2585 omnibus iustorum sacrificiis fit mentio in Scriptura, sed solum de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2586 illis circa quae aliquid speciale accidit. Potest tamen esse ratio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2587 quare Adam non legitur sacrificium obtulisse, ne, quia in ipso
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2588 notatur origo peccati, simul etiam in eo sanctificationis origo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2589 significaretur. Isaac vero significavit Christum inquantum ipse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2590 oblatus est in sacrificium. Unde non oportebat ut significaret
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2591 quasi sacrificium offerens.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2592 <p title="II-II q. 85 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="42642"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2593 "ref">[42642] IIª-IIae q. 85 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2594 dicendum quod significare conceptus suos est homini naturale, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2595 determinatio signorum est secundum humanum placitum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2596 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2597 <div class="E">Articulus 2</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2598 <p title="II-II q. 85 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="42643"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2599 "ref">[42643] IIª-IIae q. 85 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2600 secundum sic proceditur. Videtur quod non soli summo Deo sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2601 sacrificium offerendum. Cum enim sacrificium Deo offerri debeat,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2602 videtur quod omnibus illis sit sacrificium offerendum qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2603 divinitatis consortes fiunt. Sed etiam sancti homines efficiuntur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2604 divinae naturae consortes, ut dicitur II Petri I, unde et de eis in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2605 Psalm. dicitur, ego dixi, dii estis. Angeli etiam filii Dei
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2606 nominantur, ut patet Iob I. Ergo omnibus his debet sacrificium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2607 offerri.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2608 <p title="II-II q. 85 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="42644"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2609 "ref">[42644] IIª-IIae q. 85 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2610 quanto aliquis maior est, tanto ei maior honor debet exhiberi. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2611 Angeli et sancti sunt multo maiores quibuscumque terrenis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2612 principibus, quibus tamen eorum subditi multo maiorem honorem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2613 impendunt, se coram eis prosternentes et munera offerentes, quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2614 sit oblatio alicuius animalis vel rei alterius in sacrificium. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2615 multo magis Angelis et sanctis potest sacrificium offerri.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2616 <p title="II-II q. 85 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="42645"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2617 "ref">[42645] IIª-IIae q. 85 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2618 templa et altaria instituuntur ad sacrificia offerenda. Sed templa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2619 et altaria instituuntur Angelis et sanctis. Ergo etiam sacrificia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2620 possunt eis offerri.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2621 <p title="II-II q. 85 a. 2 s. c."><a name="42646"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2622 "ref">[42646] IIª-IIae q. 85 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2623 est quod dicitur Exod. XXII, <i>qui immolat diis, occidetur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2624 praeter domino soli</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2625 <p title="II-II q. 85 a. 2 co."><a name="42647"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2626 "ref">[42647] IIª-IIae q. 85 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2627 dicendum quod, sicut dictum est, oblatio sacrificii fit ad aliquid
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2628 significandum. Significat autem sacrificium quod offertur exterius,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2629 interius spirituale sacrificium, quo anima seipsam offert Deo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2630 secundum illud Psalm., sacrificium Deo spiritus contribulatus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2631 quia, sicut supra dictum est, exteriores actus religionis ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2632 interiores ordinantur. Anima autem se offert Deo in sacrificium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2633 sicut principio suae creationis et sicut fini suae beatificationis.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2634 Secundum autem veram fidem solus Deus est creator animarum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2635 nostrarum, ut in primo habitum est. In solo etiam eo animae nostrae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2636 beatitudo consistit, ut supra dictum est. Et ideo sicut soli Deo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2637 summo debemus sacrificium spirituale offerre, ita etiam soli ei
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2638 debemus offerre exteriora sacrificia, sicut etiam, <i>orantes atque
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2639 laudantes, ad eum dirigimus significantes voces cui res ipsas in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2640 corde quas significamus, offerimus</i>, ut Augustinus dicit, X de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2641 Civ. Dei. Hoc etiam videmus in omni republica observari, quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2642 summum rectorem aliquo signo singulari honorant, quod cuicumque
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2643 alteri deferretur, esset crimen laesae maiestatis. Et ideo in lege
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2644 divina statuitur poena mortis his qui divinum honorem aliis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2645 exhibent.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2646 <p title="II-II q. 85 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="42648"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2647 "ref">[42648] IIª-IIae q. 85 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2648 ergo dicendum quod nomen divinitatis communicatur aliquibus non per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2649 aequalitatem, sed per participationem. Et ideo nec aequalis honor
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2650 eis debetur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2651 <p title="II-II q. 85 a. 2 ad 2"><a name="42649"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2652 "ref">[42649] IIª-IIae q. 85 a. 2 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2653 dicendum quod in oblatione sacrificii non pensatur pretium occisi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2654 pecoris, sed significatio, qua hoc fit in honorem summi rectoris
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2655 totius universi. Unde, sicut Augustinus dicit, X de Civ. Dei,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2656 <i>Daemones non cadaverinis nidoribus, sed divinis honoribus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2657 gaudent</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2658 <p title="II-II q. 85 a. 2 ad 3"><a name="42650"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2659 "ref">[42650] IIª-IIae q. 85 a. 2 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2660 dicendum quod, sicut Augustinus dicit, VIII de Civ. Dei, <i>non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2661 constituimus martyribus templa, sacerdotia, quoniam non ipsi, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2662 Deus eorum nobis est Deus. Unde sacerdos non dicit, offero tibi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2663 sacrificium, Petre, vel Paule. Sed Deo de illorum victoriis gratias
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2664 agimus, et nos ad imitationem eorum adhortamur</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2665 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2666 <div class="E">Articulus 3</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2667 <p title="II-II q. 85 a. 3 arg. 1"><a name="42651"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2668 "ref">[42651] IIª-IIae q. 85 a. 3 arg. 1</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2669 sic proceditur. Videtur quod oblatio sacrificii non sit specialis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2670 actus virtutis. Dicit enim Augustinus, X de Civ. Dei, <i>verum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2671 sacrificium est omne opus quod agitur ut sancta societate
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2672 inhaereamus Deo</i>. Sed omne opus bonum non est specialis actus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2673 alicuius determinatae virtutis. Ergo oblatio sacrificii non est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2674 specialis actus determinatae virtutis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2675 <p title="II-II q. 85 a. 3 arg. 2"><a name="42652"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2676 "ref">[42652] IIª-IIae q. 85 a. 3 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2677 maceratio corporis quae fit per ieiunium, pertinet ad abstinentiam;
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2678 quae autem fit per continentiam, pertinet ad castitatem; quae autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2679 est in martyrio, pertinet ad fortitudinem. Quae omnia videntur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2680 comprehendi sub sacrificii oblatione, secundum illud Rom. XII,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2681 exhibeatis corpora vestra hostiam viventem. Dicit etiam apostolus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2682 ad Heb. ult., beneficentiae et communionis <i>nolite oblivisci,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2683 talibus enim hostiis promeretur Deus</i>, beneficentia autem et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2684 communio pertinent ad caritatem, misericordiam et liberalitatem.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2685 Ergo sacrificii oblatio non est specialis actus determinatae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2686 virtutis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2687 <p title="II-II q. 85 a. 3 arg. 3"><a name="42653"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2688 "ref">[42653] IIª-IIae q. 85 a. 3 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2689 sacrificium videtur quod Deo exhibetur. Sed multa sunt quae Deo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2690 exhibentur, sicut devotio, oratio, decimae, primitiae, oblationes
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2691 et holocausta. Ergo sacrificium non videtur esse aliquis specialis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2692 actus determinatae virtutis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2693 <p title="II-II q. 85 a. 3 s. c."><a name="42654"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2694 "ref">[42654] IIª-IIae q. 85 a. 3 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2695 est quod in lege specialia praecepta de sacrificiis dantur, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2696 patet in principio Levitici.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2697 <p title="II-II q. 85 a. 3 co."><a name="42655"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2698 "ref">[42655] IIª-IIae q. 85 a. 3 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2699 dicendum quod, sicut supra habitum est, quando actus unius virtutis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2700 ordinatur ad finem alterius virtutis, participat quodammodo speciem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2701 eius, sicut cum quis furatur ut fornicetur, ipsum furtum accipit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2702 quodammodo fornicationis deformitatem, ita quod si etiam alias non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2703 esset peccatum, ex hoc iam peccatum esset quod ad fornicationem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2704 ordinatur. Sic igitur sacrificium est quidam specialis actus laudem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2705 habens ex hoc quod in divinam reverentiam fit. Propter quod ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2706 determinatam virtutem pertinet, scilicet ad religionem. Contingit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2707 autem etiam ea quae secundum alias virtutes fiunt, in divinam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2708 reverentiam ordinari, puta cum aliquis eleemosynam facit de rebus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2709 propriis propter Deum, vel cum aliquis proprium corpus alicui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2710 afflictioni subiicit propter divinam reverentiam. Et secundum hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2711 etiam actus aliarum virtutum sacrificia dici possunt. Sunt tamen
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2712 quidam actus qui non habent ex alio laudem nisi quia fiunt propter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2713 reverentiam divinam. Et isti actus proprie sacrificia dicuntur, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2714 pertinent ad virtutem religionis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2715 <p title="II-II q. 85 a. 3 ad 1"><a name="42656"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2716 "ref">[42656] IIª-IIae q. 85 a. 3 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2717 ergo dicendum quod hoc ipsum quod Deo quadam spirituali societate
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2718 volumus inhaerere, ad divinam reverentiam pertinet. Et ideo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2719 cuiuscumque virtutis actus rationem sacrificii accipit ex hoc quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2720 agitur ut sancta societate Deo inhaereamus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2721 <p title="II-II q. 85 a. 3 ad 2"><a name="42657"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2722 "ref">[42657] IIª-IIae q. 85 a. 3 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2723 dicendum quod triplex est hominis bonum. Primum quidem est bonum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2724 animae, quod Deo offertur interiori quodam sacrificio per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2725 devotionem et orationem et alios huiusmodi interiores actus. Et hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2726 est principale sacrificium. Secundum est bonum corporis, quod Deo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2727 quodammodo offertur per martyrium, et abstinentiam seu
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2728 continentiam. Tertium est bonum exteriorum rerum, de quo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2729 sacrificium offertur Deo, directe quidem, quando immediate res
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2730 nostras Deo offerimus; mediate autem, quando eas communicamus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2731 proximis propter Deum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2732 <p title="II-II q. 85 a. 3 ad 3"><a name="42658"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2733 "ref">[42658] IIª-IIae q. 85 a. 3 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2734 dicendum quod sacrificia proprie dicuntur quando circa res Deo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2735 oblatas aliquid fit, sicut quod animalia occidebantur, quod panis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2736 frangitur et comeditur et benedicitur. Et hoc ipsum nomen sonat,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2737 nam sacrificium dicitur ex hoc quod homo facit aliquid sacrum.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2738 Oblatio autem directe dicitur cum Deo aliquid offertur, etiam si
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2739 nihil circa ipsum fiat, sicut dicuntur offerri denarii vel panes in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2740 altari, circa quos nihil fit. Unde omne sacrificium est oblatio,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2741 sed non convertitur. Primitiae autem oblationes sunt, quia Deo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2742 offerebantur, ut legitur Deut. XXVI, non autem sunt sacrificia,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2743 quia nihil sacrum circa eas fiebat. Decimae autem, proprie
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2744 loquendo, non sunt neque sacrificia neque oblationes, quia non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2745 immediate Deo, sed ministris divini cultus exhibentur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2746 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2747 <div class="E">Articulus 4</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2748 <p title="II-II q. 85 a. 4 arg. 1"><a name="42659"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2749 "ref">[42659] IIª-IIae q. 85 a. 4 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quartum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2750 sic proceditur. Videtur quod non omnes teneantur ad sacrificia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2751 offerenda. Dicit enim apostolus, Rom. III, <i>quaecumque lex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2752 loquitur, his qui sunt in lege loquitur</i>. Sed lex de sacrificiis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2753 non fuit omnibus data, sed soli populo Hebraeorum. Ergo non omnes
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2754 ad sacrificia tenebantur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2755 <p title="II-II q. 85 a. 4 arg. 2"><a name="42660"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2756 "ref">[42660] IIª-IIae q. 85 a. 4 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2757 sacrificia Deo offeruntur ad aliquid significandum. Sed non est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2758 omnium huiusmodi significationes intelligere. Ergo non omnes
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2759 tenentur ad sacrificia offerenda.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2760 <p title="II-II q. 85 a. 4 arg. 3"><a name="42661"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2761 "ref">[42661] IIª-IIae q. 85 a. 4 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2762 ex hoc sacerdotes dicuntur quod Deo sacrificium offerunt. Sed non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2763 omnes sunt sacerdotes. Ergo non omnes tenentur ad sacrificia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2764 offerenda.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2765 <p title="II-II q. 85 a. 4 s. c."><a name="42662"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2766 "ref">[42662] IIª-IIae q. 85 a. 4 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2767 est quod sacrificium offerre est de lege naturae, ut supra habitum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2768 est. Ad ea autem quae sunt legis naturae omnes tenentur. Ergo omnes
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2769 tenentur ad sacrificium Deo offerendum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2770 <p title="II-II q. 85 a. 4 co."><a name="42663"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2771 "ref">[42663] IIª-IIae q. 85 a. 4 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2772 dicendum quod duplex est sacrificium, sicut dictum est. Quorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2773 primum et principale est sacrificium interius, ad quod omnes
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2774 tenentur, omnes enim tenentur Deo devotam mentem offerre. Aliud
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2775 autem est sacrificium exterius. Quod in duo dividitur. Nam quoddam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2776 est quod ex hoc solum laudem habet quod Deo aliquid exterius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2777 offertur in protestationem divinae subiectionis. Et ad hoc aliter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2778 tenentur illi qui sunt sub lege nova vel veteri, aliter illi qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2779 non sunt sub lege. Nam illi qui sunt sub lege, tenentur ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2780 determinata sacrificia offerenda secundum legis praecepta. Illi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2781 vero qui non erant sub lege, tenebantur ad aliqua exterius facienda
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2782 in honorem divinum, secundum condecentiam ad eos inter quos
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2783 habitabant, non autem determinate ad haec vel ad illa. Aliud vero
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2784 est exterius sacrificium quando actus exteriores aliarum virtutum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2785 in divinam reverentiam assumuntur. Quorum quidam cadunt sub
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2786 praecepto, ad quos omnes tenentur, quidam vero sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2787 supererogationis, ad quos non omnes tenentur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2788 <p title="II-II q. 85 a. 4 ad 1"><a name="42664"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2789 "ref">[42664] IIª-IIae q. 85 a. 4 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2790 ergo dicendum quod ad illa determinata sacrificia quae in lege
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2791 erant praecepta, non omnes tenebantur, tenebantur tamen ad aliqua
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2792 sacrificia interiora vel exteriora, ut dictum est.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2793 <p title="II-II q. 85 a. 4 ad 2"><a name="42665"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2794 "ref">[42665] IIª-IIae q. 85 a. 4 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2795 dicendum quod quamvis non omnes sciant explicite virtutem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2796 sacrificiorum, sciunt tamen implicite, sicut et habent fidem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2797 implicitam, ut supra habitum est.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2798 <p title="II-II q. 85 a. 4 ad 3"><a name="42666"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2799 "ref">[42666] IIª-IIae q. 85 a. 4 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2800 dicendum quod sacerdotes offerunt sacrificia quae sunt specialiter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2801 ordinata ad cultum divinum, non solum pro se, sed etiam pro aliis.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2802 Quaedam vero sunt alia sacrificia quae quilibet potest pro se Deo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2803 offerre, ut ex supradictis patet.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2804 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2805 <div class="D">Quaestio 86</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2806 <div class="G">Prooemium</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2807 <p title="II-II q. 86 pr."><a name="42667"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2808 "ref">[42667] IIª-IIae q. 86 pr.</span></a> Deinde
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2809 considerandum est de oblationibus et primitiis. Et circa hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2810 quaeruntur quatuor. Primo, utrum aliquae oblationes sint de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2811 necessitate praecepti. Secundo, quibus oblationes debeantur.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2812 Tertio, de quibus rebus fieri debeant. Quarto, specialiter de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2813 oblationibus primitiarum, utrum ad eas homines ex necessitate
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2814 teneantur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2815 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2816 <div class="E">Articulus 1</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2817 <p title="II-II q. 86 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="42668"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2818 "ref">[42668] IIª-IIae q. 86 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2819 sic proceditur. Videtur quod homines non teneantur ad oblationes ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2820 necessitate praecepti. Non enim homines tempore Evangelii tenentur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2821 ad observanda caeremonialia praecepta veteris legis, ut supra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2822 habitum est. Sed oblationes offerre ponitur inter caeremonialia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2823 praecepta veteris legis, dicitur enim Exod. XXIII, <i>tribus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2824 vicibus per singulos annos mihi festa celebrabitis</i>, et postea
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2825 subditur, <i>non apparebis in conspectu meo vacuus</i>. Ergo ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2826 oblationes non tenentur nunc homines ex necessitate praecepti.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2827 <p title="II-II q. 86 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="42669"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2828 "ref">[42669] IIª-IIae q. 86 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2829 oblationes, antequam fiant, in voluntate hominis consistunt, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2830 videtur per hoc quod dominus dicit, Matth. V, <i>si offers munus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2831 tuum ad altare</i>, quasi hoc arbitrio offerentium relinquatur.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2832 Postquam autem oblationes sunt factae, non restat locus iterato eas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2833 offerendi. Ergo nullo modo aliquis ex necessitate praecepti ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2834 oblationes tenetur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2835 <p title="II-II q. 86 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="42670"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2836 "ref">[42670] IIª-IIae q. 86 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2837 quicumque aliquid tenetur reddere Ecclesiae, si non reddat, potest
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2838 ad id compelli per subtractionem ecclesiasticorum sacramentorum.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2839 Sed illicitum videtur his qui offerre noluerint ecclesiastica
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2840 sacramenta denegare, secundum illud decretum sextae synodi quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2841 habetur I, qu. I, <i>nullus qui sacram communionem dispensat, a
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2842 percipiente gratiam aliquid exigat, si vero exegerit,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2843 deponatur</i>. Ergo non tenentur homines ex necessitate ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2844 oblationes.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2845 <p title="II-II q. 86 a. 1 s. c."><a name="42671"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2846 "ref">[42671] IIª-IIae q. 86 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2847 est quod Gregorius dicit, <i>omnis Christianus procuret ad Missarum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2848 solemnia aliquid Deo offerre</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2849 <p title="II-II q. 86 a. 1 co."><a name="42672"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2850 "ref">[42672] IIª-IIae q. 86 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2851 dicendum quod, sicut dictum est, nomen oblationis commune est ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2852 omnes res quae in cultum Dei exhibentur. Ita quod si aliquid
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2853 exhibeatur in cultum divinum quasi in aliquod sacrum quod inde
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2854 fieri debeat consumendum, et oblatio est et sacrificium, unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2855 dicitur Exod. XXIX, <i>offeres totum arietem in incensum super
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2856 altare, oblatio est domino, odor suavissimus victimae Dei</i>; et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2857 Levit. II dicitur, <i>anima cum obtulerit oblationem sacrificii
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2858 domino, simila erit eius oblatio</i>. Si vero sic exhibeatur ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2859 integrum maneat, divino cultui deputandum vel in usus ministrorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2860 expendendum, erit oblatio et non sacrificium. Huiusmodi ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2861 oblationes de sui ratione habent quod voluntarie offerantur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2862 secundum illud Exod. XXV, <i>ab homine qui offert ultroneus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2863 accipietis eas</i>. Potest tamen contingere quod aliquis ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2864 oblationes teneatur quadruplici ratione. Primo quidem, ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2865 praecedenti conventione, sicut cum alicui conceditur aliquis fundus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2866 Ecclesiae, ut certis temporibus certas oblationes faciat. Quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2867 tamen habet rationem census. Secundo, propter praecedentem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2868 deputationem sive promissionem, sicut cum aliquis offert donationem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2869 inter vivos vel cum relinquit in testamento Ecclesiae aliquam rem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2870 mobilem vel immobilem, in posterum solvendam. Tertio modo, propter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2871 Ecclesiae necessitatem, puta si ministri Ecclesiae non haberent
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2872 unde sustentarentur. Quarto modo, propter consuetudinem, tenentur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2873 enim fideles in aliquibus solemnitatibus ad aliquas oblationes
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2874 consuetas. Tamen in his duobus ultimis casibus remanet oblatio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2875 quodammodo voluntaria, scilicet quantum ad quantitatem vel speciem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2876 rei oblatae.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2877 <p title="II-II q. 86 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="42673"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2878 "ref">[42673] IIª-IIae q. 86 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2879 ergo dicendum quod in nova lege homines non tenentur ad oblationem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2880 causa solemnitatum legalium, ut in Exodo dicitur, sed ex quibusdam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2881 aliis causis, ut dictum est.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2882 <p title="II-II q. 86 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="42674"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2883 "ref">[42674] IIª-IIae q. 86 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2884 dicendum quod ad oblationes faciendas tenentur aliqui et antequam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2885 fiant, sicut in primo et tertio et quarto modo, et etiam postquam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2886 eas fecerint per deputationem sive promissionem; tenentur enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2887 realiter exhibere quod est Ecclesiae per modum deputationis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2888 oblatum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2889 <p title="II-II q. 86 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="42675"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2890 "ref">[42675] IIª-IIae q. 86 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2891 dicendum quod illi qui debitas oblationes non reddunt possunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2892 puniri per subtractionem sacramentorum, non per ipsum sacerdotem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2893 cui sunt oblationes faciendae, ne videatur pro sacramentorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2894 exhibitione aliquid exigere, sed per superiorem aliquem.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2895 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2896 <div class="E">Articulus 2</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2897 <p title="II-II q. 86 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="42676"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2898 "ref">[42676] IIª-IIae q. 86 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2899 secundum sic proceditur. Videtur quod oblationes non solum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2900 sacerdotibus debeantur. Inter oblationes enim praecipue videmus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2901 esse quae hostiarum sacrificiis deputantur. Sed ea quae pauperibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2902 dantur in Scripturis hostiae dicuntur, secundum illud Heb. ult.,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2903 <i>beneficentiae et communionis nolite oblivisci, talibus enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2904 hostiis promeretur Deus</i>. Ergo multo magis oblationes pauperibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2905 debentur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2906 <p title="II-II q. 86 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="42677"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2907 "ref">[42677] IIª-IIae q. 86 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2908 in multis parochiis monachi de oblationibus partem habent. Alia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2909 autem est causa clericorum, alia monachorum, ut Hieronymus dicit.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2910 Ergo non solum sacerdotibus oblationes debentur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2911 <p title="II-II q. 86 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="42678"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2912 "ref">[42678] IIª-IIae q. 86 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2913 laici de voluntate Ecclesiae emunt oblationes, ut panes et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2914 huiusmodi. Sed non nisi ut haec in suos usus convertant. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2915 oblationes possunt etiam ad laicos pertinere.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2916 <p title="II-II q. 86 a. 2 s. c."><a name="42679"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2917 "ref">[42679] IIª-IIae q. 86 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2918 est quod dicit canon Damasi Papae, et habetur X, qu. I,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2919 <i>oblationes quae intra sanctam Ecclesiam offeruntur, tantummodo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2920 sacerdotibus, qui quotidie domino servire videntur, licet comedere
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2921 et bibere. Quia in veteri testamento prohibuit dominus panes
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2922 sanctos comedere filiis Israel, nisi tantummodo Aaron et filiis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2923 eius</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2924 <p title="II-II q. 86 a. 2 co."><a name="42680"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2925 "ref">[42680] IIª-IIae q. 86 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2926 dicendum quod sacerdos quodammodo constituitur sequester et medius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2927 inter populum et Deum, sicut de Moyse legitur Deut. V. Et ideo ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2928 eum pertinet divina dogmata et sacramenta exhibere populo, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2929 iterum ea quae sunt populi, puta preces et sacrificia et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2930 oblationes, per eum domino debent exhiberi; secundum illud
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2931 apostoli, ad Heb. V, <i>omnis pontifex ex hominibus assumptus pro
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2932 hominibus constituitur in his quae sunt ad Deum, ut offerat dona et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2933 sacrificia pro peccatis</i>. Et ideo oblationes quae a populo Deo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2934 exhibentur ad sacerdotes pertinent, non solum ut eas in suos usus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2935 convertant, verum etiam ut fideliter eas dispensent, partim quidem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2936 expendendo eas in his quae pertinent ad cultum divinum; partim vero
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2937 in his quae pertinent ad proprium victum, quia qui altari
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2938 deserviunt cum altari participantur, ut dicitur I ad Cor. IX;
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2939 partim etiam in usus pauperum, qui sunt, quantum fieri potest, de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2940 rebus Ecclesiae sustentandi; quia et dominus in usum pauperum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2941 loculos habebat, ut Hieronymus dicit, super Matth.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2942 <p title="II-II q. 86 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="42681"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2943 "ref">[42681] IIª-IIae q. 86 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2944 ergo dicendum quod ea quae pauperibus dantur, sicut non proprie
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2945 sunt sacrificia, dicuntur tamen sacrificia inquantum eis dantur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2946 propter Deum, ita etiam secundum eandem rationem oblationes dici
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2947 possunt, tamen non proprie, quia non immediate Deo offeruntur.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2948 Oblationes vero proprie dictae in usum pauperum cedunt non per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2949 dispensationem offerentium, sed per dispensationem sacerdotum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2950 <p title="II-II q. 86 a. 2 ad 2"><a name="42682"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2951 "ref">[42682] IIª-IIae q. 86 a. 2 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2952 dicendum quod monachi sive alii religiosi possunt oblationes
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2953 recipere tripliciter. Uno modo, sicut pauperes, per dispensationem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2954 sacerdotis vel ordinationem Ecclesiae. Alio modo, si sint ministri
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2955 altaris. Et tunc possunt accipere oblationes sponte oblatas.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2956 Tertio, si parochiae sint eorum. Et tunc ex debito possunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2957 accipere, tanquam Ecclesiae rectores.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2958 <p title="II-II q. 86 a. 2 ad 3"><a name="42683"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2959 "ref">[42683] IIª-IIae q. 86 a. 2 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2960 dicendum quod oblationes, postquam fuerint consecratae, non possunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2961 cedere in usum laicorum, sicut vasa et vestimenta sacra. Et hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2962 modo intelligitur dictum Damasi Papae. Illa vero quae non sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2963 consecrata, possunt in usum laicorum cedere ex dispensatione
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2964 sacerdotum, sive per modum donationis sive per modum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2965 venditionis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2966 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2967 <div class="E">Articulus 3</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2968 <p title="II-II q. 86 a. 3 arg. 1"><a name="42684"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2969 "ref">[42684] IIª-IIae q. 86 a. 3 arg. 1</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2970 sic proceditur. Videtur quod non possit homo oblationes facere de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2971 omnibus rebus licite possessis. Quia secundum iura humana,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2972 <i>turpiter facit meretrix in hoc quod est meretrix, non tamen
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2973 turpiter accipit</i>, et ita licite possidet. Sed non licet de eo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2974 facere oblationem, secundum illud Deut. XXIII, <i>non offeres
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2975 mercedem prostibuli in domo domini Dei tui</i>. Ergo non licet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2976 facere oblationem de omnibus licite possessis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2977 <p title="II-II q. 86 a. 3 arg. 2"><a name="42685"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2978 "ref">[42685] IIª-IIae q. 86 a. 3 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2979 ibidem prohibetur quod pretium canis non offeratur in domo Dei. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2980 manifestum est quod pretium canis iuste venditi iuste possidetur.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2981 Ergo non licet de omnibus iuste possessis oblationem facere.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2982 <p title="II-II q. 86 a. 3 arg. 3"><a name="42686"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2983 "ref">[42686] IIª-IIae q. 86 a. 3 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2984 Malach. I dicitur, <i>si offeratur claudum et languidum, nonne
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2985 malum est?</i> Sed claudum et languidum est animal iuste possessum.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2986 Ergo videtur quod non de omni iuste possesso possit oblatio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2987 fieri.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2988 <p title="II-II q. 86 a. 3 s. c."><a name="42687"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2989 "ref">[42687] IIª-IIae q. 86 a. 3 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2990 est quod dicitur Prov. III, <i>honora dominum de tua
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2991 substantia</i>. Ad substantiam autem hominis pertinet quidquid
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2992 iuste possidet. Ergo de omnibus iuste possessis potest oblatio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2993 fieri.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2994 <p title="II-II q. 86 a. 3 co."><a name="42688"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2995 "ref">[42688] IIª-IIae q. 86 a. 3 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2996 dicendum quod, sicut Augustinus dicit, in libro de Verb. Dom.,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2997 <i>si depraedareris aliquem invalidum et de spoliis eius dares
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2998 alicui iudici si pro te iudicaret, tanta vis est iustitiae ut et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2999 tibi displiceret. Non est talis Deus tuus qualis non debes esse nec
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3000 tu</i>. Et ideo dicitur Eccli. XXXIV, <i>immolantis ex iniquo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3001 oblatio est maculata</i>. Unde patet quod de iniuste acquisitis et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3002 possessis non potest oblatio fieri. In veteri autem lege, in qua
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3003 figurae serviebatur, quaedam propter significationem reputabantur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3004 immunda, quae offerre non licebat. Sed in nova lege omnis creatura
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3005 Dei reputatur munda, ut dicitur ad Tit. I. Et ideo, quantum est de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3006 se, de quolibet licite possesso potest oblatio fieri. Per accidens
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3007 tamen contingit quod de aliquo licite possesso oblatio fieri non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3008 potest, puta si vergat in detrimentum alterius, ut si filius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3009 aliquis offerat Deo id unde debet patrem nutrire, quod dominus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3010 improbat Matth. XV; vel propter scandalum, vel propter contemptum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3011 vel aliquid aliud huiusmodi.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3012 <p title="II-II q. 86 a. 3 ad 1"><a name="42689"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3013 "ref">[42689] IIª-IIae q. 86 a. 3 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3014 ergo dicendum quod in veteri lege prohibebatur oblatio de mercede
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3015 prostibuli propter immunditiam. In nova autem lege propter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3016 scandalum, ne videatur Ecclesia favere peccato, si de lucro peccati
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3017 oblationem recipiat.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3018 <p title="II-II q. 86 a. 3 ad 2"><a name="42690"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3019 "ref">[42690] IIª-IIae q. 86 a. 3 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3020 dicendum quod canis secundum legem reputabatur animal immundum.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3021 Alia tamen animalia immunda redimebantur, et eorum pretium poterat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3022 offerri, secundum illud Levit. ult., <i>si immundum animal est,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3023 redimet qui obtulerit</i>. Sed canis nec offerebatur nec
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3024 redimebatur, tum quia idololatrae canibus utebantur in sacrificiis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3025 idolorum; tum etiam quia significant rapacitatem, de qua non potest
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3026 fieri oblatio. Sed haec prohibitio cessat in nova lege.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3027 <p title="II-II q. 86 a. 3 ad 3"><a name="42691"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3028 "ref">[42691] IIª-IIae q. 86 a. 3 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3029 dicendum quod oblatio animalis caeci vel claudi reddebatur illicita
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3030 tripliciter. Uno modo, ratione eius ad quod offerebatur. Unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3031 dicitur Malach. I, <i>si offeratis caecum ad immolandum, nonne
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3032 malum est?</i> Sacrificia autem oportebat esse immaculata. Secundo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3033 ex contemptu. Unde ibidem subditur, <i>vos polluistis nomen meum in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3034 eo quod dicitis, mensa domini contaminata est, et quod superponitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3035 contemptibile est</i>. Tertio modo, ex voto praecedenti, ex quo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3036 obligatur homo ut integrum reddat quod voverat. Unde ibidem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3037 subditur, <i>maledictus dolosus qui habet in grege suo masculum, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3038 votum faciens immolat debile domino</i>. Et eaedem causae manent in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3039 lege nova. Quibus tamen cessantibus, non est illicitum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3040 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3041 <div class="E">Articulus 4</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3042 <p title="II-II q. 86 a. 4 arg. 1"><a name="42692"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3043 "ref">[42692] IIª-IIae q. 86 a. 4 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quartum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3044 sic proceditur. Videtur quod ad primitias solvendas homines non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3045 teneantur. Quia Exod. XIII, data lege primogenitorum, subditur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3046 <i>erit quasi signum in manu tua</i>, et ita videtur esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3047 praeceptum caeremoniale. Sed praecepta caeremonialia non sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3048 servanda in lege nova. Ergo neque primitiae sunt solvendae.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3049 <p title="II-II q. 86 a. 4 arg. 2"><a name="42693"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3050 "ref">[42693] IIª-IIae q. 86 a. 4 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3051 primitiae offerebantur domino pro speciali beneficio illi populo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3052 exhibito, unde dicitur Deut. XXVI, <i>tolles de cunctis frugibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3053 tuis primitias, accedesque ad sacerdotem qui fuerit in diebus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3054 illis, et dices ad eum, profiteor hodie coram domino Deo tuo quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3055 ingressus sum terram pro qua iuravit patribus nostris ut daret eam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3056 nobis</i>. Ergo aliae nationes non tenentur ad primitias
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3057 solvendas.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3058 <p title="II-II q. 86 a. 4 arg. 3"><a name="42694"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3059 "ref">[42694] IIª-IIae q. 86 a. 4 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3060 illud ad quod aliquis tenetur debet esse determinatum. Sed non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3061 invenitur nec in nova lege nec in veteri determinata quantitas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3062 primitiarum. Ergo ad eas solvendas non tenentur homines ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3063 necessitate.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3064 <p title="II-II q. 86 a. 4 s. c."><a name="42695"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3065 "ref">[42695] IIª-IIae q. 86 a. 4 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3066 est quod dicitur XVI, qu. VII, <i>oportet decimas et primitias,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3067 quas iure sacerdotum esse sancimus, ab omni populo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3068 accipere</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3069 <p title="II-II q. 86 a. 4 co."><a name="42696"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3070 "ref">[42696] IIª-IIae q. 86 a. 4 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3071 dicendum quod primitiae ad quoddam genus oblationum pertinent, quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3072 Deo exhibentur cum quadam professione, ut habetur Deut. XXVI. Unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3073 et ibidem subditur, suscipiens sacerdos cartallum, scilicet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3074 primitiarum, de manu eius qui defert primitias, et ponet ante
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3075 altare domini Dei tui; et postea mandatur ei quod dicat, idcirco
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3076 <i>nunc offero primitias frugum terrae, quas dominus dedit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3077 mihi</i>. Offerebantur autem primitiae ex speciali causa, scilicet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3078 in recognitionem divini beneficii, quasi aliquis profiteatur se a
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3079 Deo fructus terrae percipere, et ideo se teneri ad aliquid de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3080 huiusmodi Deo exhibendum, secundum illud I Paral. ult., <i>quae de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3081 manu tua accepimus, dedimus tibi</i>. Et quia Deo debemus exhibere
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3082 id quod praecipuum est, ideo primitias, quasi praecipuum aliquid de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3083 fructibus terrae, praeceptum fuit Deo offerre. Et quia sacerdos
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3084 constituitur populo in his quae sunt ad Deum, ideo primitiae a
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3085 populo oblatae in usum sacerdotum cedebant, unde dicitur Num.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3086 XVIII, <i>locutus est dominus ad Aaron, ecce, dedi tibi custodiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3087 primitiarum mearum</i>. Pertinet autem ad ius naturale ut homo ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3088 rebus sibi datis a Deo aliquid exhibeat ad eius honorem. Sed quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3089 talibus personis exhibeatur, aut de primis fructibus, aut in tali
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3090 quantitate, hoc quidem fuit in veteri lege iure divino
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3091 determinatum, in nova autem lege definitur per determinationem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3092 Ecclesiae, ex qua homines obligantur ut primitias solvant secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3093 consuetudinem patriae et indigentiam ministrorum Ecclesiae.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3094 <p title="II-II q. 86 a. 4 ad 1"><a name="42697"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3095 "ref">[42697] IIª-IIae q. 86 a. 4 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3096 ergo dicendum quod caeremonialia proprie erant in signum futuri, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3097 ideo ad praesentiam veritatis significatae cessaverunt. Oblatio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3098 autem primitiarum fuit in signum praeteriti beneficii, ex quo etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3099 debitum recognitionis causatur secundum dictamen rationis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3100 naturalis. Et ideo in generali huiusmodi obligatio manet.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3101 <p title="II-II q. 86 a. 4 ad 2"><a name="42698"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3102 "ref">[42698] IIª-IIae q. 86 a. 4 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3103 dicendum quod primitiae offerebantur in veteri lege non solum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3104 propter beneficium terrae promissionis datae a Deo, sed etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3105 propter beneficium fructuum terrae a Deo datorum. Unde dicitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3106 Deut. XXVI, <i>offero primitias frugum terrae, quas dominus Deus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3107 dedit mihi</i>. Et haec secunda causa apud omnes est communis.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3108 Potest etiam dici quod sicut speciali quodam beneficio terram
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3109 promissionis contulit Deus, ita generali beneficio toti humano
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3110 generi contulit terrae dominium, secundum illud Psalm., <i>terram
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3111 dedit filiis hominum</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3112 <p title="II-II q. 86 a. 4 ad 3"><a name="42699"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3113 "ref">[42699] IIª-IIae q. 86 a. 4 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3114 dicendum quod, sicut Hieronymus dicit, <i>ex maiorum traditione
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3115 introductum est quod qui plurimum, quadragesimam partem dabant
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3116 sacerdotibus loco primitiarum; qui minimum, sexagesimam</i>. Unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3117 videtur quod inter hos terminos sint primitiae offerendae, secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3118 consuetudinem patriae. Rationabiliter tamen primitiarum quantitas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3119 non fuit determinata in lege, quia, sicut dictum est, primitiae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3120 dantur per modum oblationis, de cuius ratione est quod sint
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3121 voluntariae.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3122 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3123 <div class="D">Quaestio 87</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3124 <div class="G">Prooemium</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3125 <p title="II-II q. 87 pr."><a name="42700"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3126 "ref">[42700] IIª-IIae q. 87 pr.</span></a> Deinde
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3127 considerandum est de decimis. Et circa hoc quaeruntur quatuor.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3128 Primo, utrum homines teneantur ad solvendas decimas ex necessitate
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3129 praecepti. Secundo, de quibus rebus sint decimae dandae. Tertio,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3130 quibus debeant dari. Quarto, quibus competat eas dare.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3131 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3132 <div class="E">Articulus 1</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3133 <p title="II-II q. 87 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="42701"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3134 "ref">[42701] IIª-IIae q. 87 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3135 sic proceditur. Videtur quod homines non teneantur dare decimas ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3136 necessitate praecepti. Praeceptum enim de solutione decimarum in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3137 lege veteri datur, ut patet Levit. XXVII, <i>omnes decimae terrae,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3138 sive de frugibus sive de pomis arborum, domini sunt</i>; et infra,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3139 <i>omnium decimarum ovis et bovis et caprae, quae sub pastoris
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3140 virga transeunt, quidquid decimum venerit, sanctificabitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3141 domino</i>. Non autem potest computari hoc inter praecepta moralia,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3142 quia ratio naturalis non magis dictat quod decima pars debeat magis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3143 dari quam nona vel undecima. Ergo vel est praeceptum iudiciale, vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3144 caeremoniale. Sed sicut supra habitum est, tempore gratiae non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3145 obligantur homines neque ad praecepta caeremonialia neque ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3146 iudicialia veteris legis. Ergo homines nunc non obligantur ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3147 solutionem decimarum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3148 <p title="II-II q. 87 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="42702"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3149 "ref">[42702] IIª-IIae q. 87 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3150 illa sola homines observare tenentur tempore gratiae quae a Christo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3151 per apostolos sunt mandata, secundum illud Matth. ult., <i>docentes
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3152 eos servare omnia quaecumque mandavi vobis</i>; et Paulus dicit,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3153 Act. XX, <i>non enim subterfugi quominus annuntiarem vobis omne
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3154 consilium Dei</i>. Sed neque in doctrina Christi neque in doctrina
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3155 apostolorum aliquid continetur de solutione decimarum, nam quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3156 dominus de decimis dicit, Matth. XXIII, haec oportuit facere, ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3157 tempus praeteritum legalis observantiae referendum videtur; ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3158 dicit Hilarius, super Matth., <i>decimatio illa olerum, quae in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3159 praefigurationem futurorum erat utilis, non debebat omitti</i>.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3160 Ergo homines tempore gratiae non tenentur ad decimarum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3161 solutionem.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3162 <p title="II-II q. 87 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="42703"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3163 "ref">[42703] IIª-IIae q. 87 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3164 homines tempore gratiae non magis tenentur ad observantiam legalium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3165 quam ante legem. Sed ante legem non dabantur decimae ex praecepto,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3166 sed solum ex voto, legitur enim Gen. XXVIII quod Iacob <i>vovit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3167 votum dicens, si fuerit Deus mecum et custodierit me in via qua
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3168 ambulo, etc., cunctorum quae dederis mihi decimas offeram tibi</i>.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3169 Ergo etiam neque tempore gratiae tenentur homines ad decimarum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3170 solutionem.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3171 <p title="II-II q. 87 a. 1 arg. 4"><a name="42704"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3172 "ref">[42704] IIª-IIae q. 87 a. 1 arg. 4</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3173 in veteri lege tenebantur homines ad triplices decimas solvendas.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3174 Quarum quasdam solvebant Levitis, dicitur enim Num. XVIII,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3175 <i>Levitae decimarum oblatione contenti erunt, quas in usus eorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3176 et necessaria separavi</i>. Erant quoque et aliae decimae, de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3177 quibus legitur Deut. XIV, <i>decimam partem separabis de cunctis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3178 fructibus tuis qui nascuntur in terra per annos singulos, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3179 comedes in conspectu domini Dei tui in loco quem elegerit Deus</i>.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3180 Erant quoque et aliae decimae, de quibus ibidem subditur, <i>anno
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3181 tertio separabis aliam decimam ex omnibus quae nascuntur tibi eo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3182 tempore, et repones intra ianuas tuas, venietque Levites, qui aliam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3183 non habet partem neque possessionem tecum, et peregrinus ac
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3184 pupillus et vidua qui intra portas tuas sunt, et comedent et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3185 saturabuntur</i>. Sed ad secundas et tertias decimas homines non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3186 tenentur tempore gratiae. Ergo neque ad primas.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3187 <p title="II-II q. 87 a. 1 arg. 5"><a name="42705"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3188 "ref">[42705] IIª-IIae q. 87 a. 1 arg. 5</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3189 quod sine determinatione temporis debetur, nisi statim solvatur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3190 obligat ad peccatum. Si ergo homines tempore gratiae obligarentur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3191 ex necessitate praecepti ad decimas solvendas, in terris in quibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3192 decimae non solvuntur omnes essent in peccato mortali, et per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3193 consequens etiam ministri Ecclesiae dissimulando, quod videtur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3194 inconveniens. Non ergo homines tempore gratiae ex necessitate
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3195 tenentur ad solutionem decimarum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3196 <p title="II-II q. 87 a. 1 s. c."><a name="42706"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3197 "ref">[42706] IIª-IIae q. 87 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3198 est quod Augustinus dicit, et habetur XVI, qu. I, <i>decimae ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3199 debito requiruntur, et qui eas dare noluerint, res alienas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3200 invadunt</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3201 <p title="II-II q. 87 a. 1 co."><a name="42707"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3202 "ref">[42707] IIª-IIae q. 87 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3203 dicendum quod decimae in veteri lege dabantur ad sustentationem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3204 ministrorum Dei, unde dicitur Malach. III, <i>inferte omnem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3205 decimationem in horreum meum, ut sit cibus in domo mea</i>. Unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3206 praeceptum de solutione decimarum partim quidem erat morale,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3207 inditum naturali rationi, partim autem erat iudiciale, ex divina
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3208 institutione robur habens. Quod enim eis qui divino cultui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3209 ministrabant ad salutem populi totius, populus necessaria victus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3210 ministraret, ratio naturalis dictat, sicut et his qui communi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3211 utilitati invigilant, scilicet principibus et militibus et aliis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3212 huiusmodi, stipendia victus debentur a populo. Unde et apostolus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3213 hoc probat, I ad Cor. IX, per humanas consuetudines, dicens,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3214 <i>quis militat suis stipendiis unquam? Quis plantat vineam et de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3215 fructibus eius non edit?</i> Sed determinatio certae partis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3216 exhibendae ministris divini cultus non est de iure naturali, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3217 est introducta institutione divina secundum conditionem illius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3218 populi cui lex dabatur; qui cum in duodecim tribus esset divisus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3219 duodecima tribus, scilicet levitica, quae tota erat divinis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3220 ministeriis mancipata, possessiones non habebat, unde convenienter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3221 institutum est ut reliquae undecim tribus decimam partem suorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3222 proventuum Levitis darent, ut honorabilius viverent, et quia etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3223 aliqui per negligentiam erant transgressores futuri unde quantum ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3224 determinationem decimae partis, erat iudiciale, sicut et alia multa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3225 specialiter in illo populo instituta erant ad aequalitatem inter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3226 homines ad invicem conservandam secundum populi illius conditionem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3227 quae iudicialia praecepta dicuntur; licet ex consequenti aliquid
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3228 significarent in futurum, sicut et omnia eorum facta, secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3229 illud I ad Cor. X, omnia in figuram contingebant illis; in quo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3230 conveniebant cum caeremonialibus praeceptis, quae principaliter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3231 instituta erant ad significandum aliquid futurum. Unde et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3232 praeceptum de decimis persolvendis hic significat aliquid in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3233 futurum, qui enim decimam dat, quae est perfectionis signum (eo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3234 quod denarius est quodammodo numerus perfectus, quasi primus limes
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3235 numerorum, ultra quem numerum non procedunt, sed reiterantur ab
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3236 uno), novem sibi partibus reservatis, protestatur quasi in quodam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3237 signo ad se pertinere imperfectionem, perfectionem vero, quae erat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3238 futura per Christum, esse expectandam a Deo. Nec tamen propter hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3239 est caeremoniale praeceptum, sed iudiciale, ut dictum est. Est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3240 autem haec differentia inter caeremonialia et iudicialia legis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3241 praecepta, ut supra diximus, quod caeremonialia illicitum est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3242 observare tempore legis novae, iudicialia vero, etsi non obligent
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3243 tempore gratiae, tamen possunt observari absque peccato, et ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3244 eorum observantiam aliqui obligantur si statuatur auctoritate eorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3245 quorum est condere legem. Sicut praeceptum iudiciale veteris legis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3246 est quod <i>qui furatus fuerit ovem, reddat quatuor oves</i>, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3247 legitur Exod. XXII, quod, si ab aliquo rege statuatur, tenentur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3248 eius subditi observare. Ita etiam determinatio decimae partis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3249 solvendae est auctoritate Ecclesiae tempore novae legis instituta
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3250 secundum quandam humanitatem, ut scilicet non minus populus novae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3251 legis ministris novi testamenti exhiberet quam populus veteris
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3252 legis ministris veteris testamenti exhibebat; cum tamen populus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3253 novae legis ad maiora obligetur, secundum illud Matth. V, <i>nisi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3254 abundaverit iustitia vestra plus quam Scribarum et Pharisaeorum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3255 non intrabitis in regnum caelorum</i>; et cum ministri novi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3256 testamenti sint maioris dignitatis quam ministri veteris
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3257 testamenti, ut probat apostolus, II ad Cor. III. Sic ergo patet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3258 quod ad solutionem decimarum homines tenentur, partim quidem ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3259 iure naturali, partim etiam ex institutione Ecclesiae, quae tamen,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3260 pensatis opportunitatibus temporum et personarum, posset aliam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3261 partem determinare solvendam.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3262 <p title="II-II q. 87 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="42708"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3263 "ref">[42708] IIª-IIae q. 87 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Et per hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3264 patet responsio ad primum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3265 <p title="II-II q. 87 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="42709"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3266 "ref">[42709] IIª-IIae q. 87 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3267 dicendum quod praeceptum de solutione decimarum, quantum ad id quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3268 erat morale, datum est in Evangelio a domino ubi dicit, Matth. X,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3269 dignus est operarius mercede sua; et etiam ab apostolo, ut patet I
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3270 ad Cor. IX. Sed determinatio certae partis est reservata
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3271 ordinationi Ecclesiae.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3272 <p title="II-II q. 87 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="42710"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3273 "ref">[42710] IIª-IIae q. 87 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3274 dicendum quod ante tempus veteris legis non erant determinati
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3275 ministri divini cultus, sed dicitur quod primogeniti erant
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3276 sacerdotes, qui duplicem portionem accipiebant. Et ideo etiam non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3277 erat determinata aliqua pars exhibenda ministris divini cultus, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3278 ubi aliquis occurrebat, unusquisque dabat ei propria sponte quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3279 sibi videbatur. Sicut Abraham quodam prophetico instinctu dedit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3280 decimas Melchisedech, sacerdoti Dei summi, ut dicitur Gen. XIV. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3281 similiter etiam Iacob decimas vovit se daturum, quamvis non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3282 videatur decimas vovisse quasi aliquibus ministris exhibendas, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3283 in divinum cultum, puta ad sacrificiorum consummationem; unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3284 signanter dicit, decimas offeram tibi.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3285 <p title="II-II q. 87 a. 1 ad 4"><a name="42711"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3286 "ref">[42711] IIª-IIae q. 87 a. 1 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3287 dicendum quod secundae decimae, quae reservabantur ad sacrificia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3288 offerenda, locum in nova lege non habent, cessantibus legalibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3289 victimis. Tertiae vero decimae, quas cum pauperibus comedere
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3290 debebant, in nova lege augentur, per hoc quod dominus non solum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3291 decimam partem, sed omnia superflua pauperibus iubet exhiberi,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3292 secundum illud Luc. XI, <i>quod superest, date eleemosynam</i>.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3293 Ipsae etiam decimae quae ministris Ecclesiae dantur, per eos debent
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3294 in usus pauperum dispensari.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3295 <p title="II-II q. 87 a. 1 ad 5"><a name="42712"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3296 "ref">[42712] IIª-IIae q. 87 a. 1 ad 5</span></a> Ad quintum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3297 dicendum quod ministri Ecclesiae maiorem curam debent habere
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3298 spiritualium bonorum in populo promovendorum quam temporalium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3299 colligendorum. Et ideo apostolus noluit uti potestate sibi a domino
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3300 tradita, ut scilicet acciperet stipendia victus ab his quibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3301 Evangelium praedicabat, ne daretur aliquod impedimentum Evangelio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3302 Christi. Nec tamen peccabant illi qui ei non subveniebant, alioquin
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3303 apostolus eos corrigere non omisisset. Et similiter laudabiliter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3304 ministri Ecclesiae decimas Ecclesiae non requirunt, ubi sine
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3305 scandalo requiri non possent, propter dissuetudinem vel propter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3306 aliquam aliam causam. Nec tamen sunt in statu damnationis qui non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3307 solvunt, in locis illis in quibus Ecclesia non petit, nisi forte
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3308 propter obstinationem animi, habentes voluntatem non solvendi etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3309 si ab eis peterentur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3310 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3311 <div class="E">Articulus 2</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3312 <p title="II-II q. 87 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="42713"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3313 "ref">[42713] IIª-IIae q. 87 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3314 secundum sic proceditur. Videtur quod non de omnibus teneantur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3315 homines decimas dare. Solutio enim decimarum videtur esse ex veteri
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3316 lege introducta. Sed in veteri lege nullum praeceptum datur de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3317 personalibus decimis, quae scilicet solvuntur de his quae aliquis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3318 acquirit ex proprio actu, puta de mercationibus vel de militia.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3319 Ergo de talibus decimas solvere nullus tenetur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3320 <p title="II-II q. 87 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="42714"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3321 "ref">[42714] IIª-IIae q. 87 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3322 de male acquisitis non debet fieri oblatio, ut supra dictum est.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3323 Sed oblationes, quae immediate Deo exhibentur, videntur magis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3324 pertinere ad divinum cultum quam decimae, quae exhibentur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3325 ministris. Ergo etiam nec decimae de male acquisitis sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3326 solvendae.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3327 <p title="II-II q. 87 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="42715"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3328 "ref">[42715] IIª-IIae q. 87 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3329 Levit. ult. non mandatur solvi decima nisi <i>de frugibus et pomis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3330 arborum, et animalibus quae transeunt sub virga pastoris</i>. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3331 praeter haec sunt quaedam alia minuta quae homini proveniunt, sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3332 herbae quae nascuntur in horto, et alia huiusmodi. Ergo nec de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3333 illis homo decimas dare tenetur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3334 <p title="II-II q. 87 a. 2 arg. 4"><a name="42716"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3335 "ref">[42716] IIª-IIae q. 87 a. 2 arg. 4</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3336 homo non potest solvere nisi id quod est in eius potestate. Sed non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3337 omnia quae proveniunt homini de fructibus agrorum aut animalium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3338 remanent in eius potestate, quia quaedam aliquando subtrahuntur per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3339 furtum vel rapinam; quaedam vero quandoque in alium transferuntur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3340 per venditionem; quaedam etiam aliis debentur, sicut principibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3341 debentur tributa et operariis debentur mercedes. Ergo de his non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3342 tenetur aliquis decimas dare.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3343 <p title="II-II q. 87 a. 2 s. c."><a name="42717"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3344 "ref">[42717] IIª-IIae q. 87 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3345 est quod dicitur Gen. XXVIII, cunctorum quae dederis mihi decimas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3346 offeram tibi. Sed omnia quae homo habet sunt ei data divinitus.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3347 Ergo de omnibus debet decimas dare.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3348 <p title="II-II q. 87 a. 2 co."><a name="42718"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3349 "ref">[42718] IIª-IIae q. 87 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3350 dicendum quod de unaquaque re praecipue est iudicandum secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3351 eius radicem. Radix autem solutionis decimarum est debitum quo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3352 seminantibus spiritualia debentur carnalia, secundum illud
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3353 apostoli, I ad Cor. IX, <i>si nos vobis spiritualia seminavimus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3354 magnum est si carnalia vestra metamus?</i> Super hoc enim debitum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3355 fundavit Ecclesia determinationem solutionis decimarum. Omnia autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3356 quaecumque homo possidet sub carnalibus continentur. Et ideo de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3357 omnibus possessis decimae sunt solvendae.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3358 <p title="II-II q. 87 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="42719"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3359 "ref">[42719] IIª-IIae q. 87 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3360 ergo dicendum quod specialis ratio fuit quare in veteri lege non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3361 fuit datum praeceptum de personalibus decimis, secundum conditionem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3362 populi illius, quia omnes aliae tribus certas possessiones
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3363 habebant, de quibus poterant sufficienter providere Levitis, qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3364 carebant possessionibus; non autem interdicebatur eis quin de aliis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3365 operibus honestis lucrarentur, sicut et alii Iudaei. Sed populus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3366 novae legis est ubique per mundum diffusus, quorum plurimi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3367 possessiones non habent, sed de aliquibus negotiis vivunt, qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3368 nihil conferrent ad subsidium ministrorum Dei, si de eorum negotiis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3369 decimas non solverent. Ministris etiam novae legis arctius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3370 interdicitur ne se ingerant negotiis lucrativis, secundum illud II
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3371 ad Tim. II, <i>nemo militans Deo implicat se saecularibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3372 negotiis</i>. Et ideo in nova lege tenentur homines ad decimas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3373 personales, secundum consuetudinem patriae et indigentiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3374 ministrorum. Unde Augustinus dicit, et habetur XVI qu. I, cap.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3375 decimae, <i>de militia, de negotio et de artificio redde
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3376 decimas</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3377 <p title="II-II q. 87 a. 2 ad 2"><a name="42720"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3378 "ref">[42720] IIª-IIae q. 87 a. 2 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3379 dicendum quod aliqua male acquiruntur dupliciter. Uno modo, quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3380 ipsa acquisitio est iniusta, puta quae acquiruntur per rapinam aut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3381 usuram, quae homo tenetur restituere, non autem de eis decimas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3382 dare. Tamen si ager aliquis sit emptus de usura, de fructu eius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3383 tenetur usurarius decimas dare, quia fructus illi non sunt ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3384 usura, sed ex Dei munere. Quaedam vero dicuntur male acquisita quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3385 acquiruntur ex turpi causa, sicut de meretricio, de histrionatu, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3386 aliis huiusmodi, quae non tenentur restituere. Unde de talibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3387 tenentur decimas dare secundum modum aliarum personalium decimarum.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3388 Tamen Ecclesia non debet eas recipere quandiu sunt in peccato, ne
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3389 videatur eorum peccatis communicare, sed postquam poenituerint,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3390 possunt ab eis de his recipi decimae.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3391 <p title="II-II q. 87 a. 2 ad 3"><a name="42721"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3392 "ref">[42721] IIª-IIae q. 87 a. 2 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3393 dicendum quod ea quae ordinantur in finem sunt iudicanda secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3394 quod competunt fini. Decimarum autem solutio est debita non propter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3395 se, sed propter ministros, quorum honestati non convenit ut etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3396 minima exacta diligentia requirant, hoc enim in vitium computatur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3397 ut patet per philosophum, in IV Ethic. Et ideo lex vetus non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3398 determinavit ut de huiusmodi minutis rebus decimae dentur, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3399 relinquit hoc arbitrio dare volentium, quia minima quasi nihil
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3400 computantur. Unde Pharisaei, quasi perfectam legis iustitiam sibi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3401 adscribentes, etiam de his minutis decimas solvebant. Nec de hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3402 reprehenduntur a domino, sed solum de hoc quod maiora, idest
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3403 spiritualia praecepta, contemnebant. Magis autem de hoc eos
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3404 secundum se commendabiles esse ostendit, dicens, haec oportuit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3405 facere, scilicet tempore legis, ut Chrysostomus exponit. Quod etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3406 videtur magis in quandam decentiam sonare quam in obligationem.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3407 Unde et nunc de huiusmodi minutis non tenentur homines decimas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3408 dare, nisi forte propter consuetudinem patriae.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3409 <p title="II-II q. 87 a. 2 ad 4"><a name="42722"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3410 "ref">[42722] IIª-IIae q. 87 a. 2 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3411 dicendum quod de his quae furto vel rapina tolluntur ille a quo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3412 auferuntur decimas solvere non tenetur antequam recuperet, nisi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3413 forte propter culpam vel negligentiam suam damnum incurrerit; quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3414 ex hoc Ecclesia non debet damnificari. Si vero vendat triticum non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3415 decimatum, potest Ecclesia decimas exigere et ab emptore, quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3416 habet rem Ecclesiae debitam; et a venditore, qui, quantum est de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3417 se, fraudavit Ecclesiam. Uno tamen solvente, alius non tenetur.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3418 Debentur autem decimae de fructibus terrae inquantum proveniunt ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3419 divino munere. Et ideo decimae non cadunt sub tributo, nec etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3420 sunt obnoxiae mercedi operariorum. Et ideo non debent prius deduci
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3421 tributa et pretium operariorum quam solvantur decimae, sed ante
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3422 omnia debent decimae solvi ex integris fructibus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3423 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3424 <div class="E">Articulus 3</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3425 <p title="II-II q. 87 a. 3 arg. 1"><a name="42723"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3426 "ref">[42723] IIª-IIae q. 87 a. 3 arg. 1</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3427 sic proceditur. Videtur quod decimae non sint clericis dandae.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3428 Levitis enim in veteri testamento decimae dabantur quia non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3429 habebant aliquam partem in possessionibus populi, ut habetur Num.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3430 XVIII. Sed clerici in novo testamento habent possessiones, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3431 patrimoniales interdum, et ecclesiasticas. Recipiunt insuper
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3432 primitias, et oblationes pro vivis et mortuis. Superfluum igitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3433 est quod eis decimae dentur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3434 <p title="II-II q. 87 a. 3 arg. 2"><a name="42724"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3435 "ref">[42724] IIª-IIae q. 87 a. 3 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3436 contingit quandoque quod aliquis habet domicilium in una parochia,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3437 et colit agros in alia; vel aliquis pastor ducit gregem per unam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3438 partem anni in terminis unius parochiae, et alia parte anni in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3439 terminis alterius; vel habet ovile in una parochia, et pascit oves
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3440 in alia, in quibus et similibus casibus non videtur posse distingui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3441 quibus clericis sint decimae solvendae. Ergo non videtur quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3442 aliquibus clericis determinate sint solvendae decimae.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3443 <p title="II-II q. 87 a. 3 arg. 3"><a name="42725"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3444 "ref">[42725] IIª-IIae q. 87 a. 3 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3445 generalis consuetudo habet in quibusdam terris quod milites decimas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3446 ab Ecclesia in feudum tenent. Religiosi etiam quidam decimas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3447 accipiunt. Non ergo videtur quod solum clericis curam animarum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3448 habentibus decimae debentur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3449 <p title="II-II q. 87 a. 3 s. c."><a name="42726"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3450 "ref">[42726] IIª-IIae q. 87 a. 3 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3451 est quod dicitur Num. XVIII, <i>filiis levi dedi omnes decimas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3452 Israel in possessionem, pro ministerio quo serviunt mihi in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3453 tabernaculo</i>. Sed filiis levi succedunt clerici in novo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3454 testamento. Ergo solis clericis decimae debentur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3455 <p title="II-II q. 87 a. 3 co."><a name="42727"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3456 "ref">[42727] IIª-IIae q. 87 a. 3 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3457 dicendum quod circa decimas duo sunt consideranda, scilicet ipsum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3458 ius accipiendi decimas; et ipsae res quae nomine decimae dantur.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3459 Ius autem accipiendi decimas spirituale est, consequitur enim illud
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3460 debitum quo ministris altaris debentur sumptus de ministerio, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3461 quo seminantibus spiritualia debentur temporalia; quod ad solos
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3462 clericos pertinet habentes curam animarum. Et ideo eis solum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3463 competit hoc ius habere. Res autem quae nomine decimarum dantur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3464 corporales sunt. Unde possunt in usum quorumlibet cedere. Et sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3465 possunt etiam ad laicos pervenire.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3466 <p title="II-II q. 87 a. 3 ad 1"><a name="42728"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3467 "ref">[42728] IIª-IIae q. 87 a. 3 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3468 ergo dicendum quod in veteri lege, sicut dictum est, speciales
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3469 quaedam decimae deputabantur subventioni pauperum. Sed in nova lege
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3470 decimae clericis dantur non solum propter sui sustentationem, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3471 etiam ut ex eis subveniant pauperibus. Et ideo non superfluunt, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3472 ad hoc necessariae sunt et possessiones ecclesiasticae et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3473 oblationes et primitiae, simul cum decimis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3474 <p title="II-II q. 87 a. 3 ad 2"><a name="42729"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3475 "ref">[42729] IIª-IIae q. 87 a. 3 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3476 dicendum quod decimae personales debentur Ecclesiae in cuius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3477 parochia homo habitat. Decimae vero praediales rationabiliter magis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3478 videntur pertinere ad Ecclesiam in cuius terminis praedia sita
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3479 sunt. Tamen iura determinant quod in hoc servetur consuetudo diu
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3480 obtenta. Pastor autem qui diversis temporibus in duabus parochiis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3481 gregem pascit, debet proportionaliter utrique Ecclesiae decimas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3482 solvere. Et quia ex pascuis fructus gregis proveniunt, magis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3483 debetur decima gregis Ecclesiae in cuius territorio grex pascitur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3484 quam illi in cuius territorio ovile locatur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3485 <p title="II-II q. 87 a. 3 ad 3"><a name="42730"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3486 "ref">[42730] IIª-IIae q. 87 a. 3 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3487 dicendum quod sicut res nomine decimae acceptas potest Ecclesia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3488 alicui laico tradere, ita etiam potest ei concedere ut dandas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3489 decimas ipsi accipiant, iure accipiendi ministris Ecclesiae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3490 reservato, sive pro necessitate Ecclesiae, sicut quibusdam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3491 militibus decimae dicuntur in feudum per Ecclesiam concessae; sive
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3492 etiam ad subventionem pauperum, sicut quibusdam religiosis laicis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3493 vel non habentibus curam animarum aliquae decimae sunt concessae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3494 per modum eleemosynae. Quibusdam tamen religiosis competit accipere
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3495 decimas ex eo quod habent curam animarum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3496 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3497 <div class="E">Articulus 4</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3498 <p title="II-II q. 87 a. 4 arg. 1"><a name="42731"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3499 "ref">[42731] IIª-IIae q. 87 a. 4 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quartum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3500 sic proceditur. Videtur quod etiam clerici teneantur decimas dare.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3501 Quia de iure communi Ecclesia parochialis debet recipere decimas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3502 praediorum quae in territorio eius sunt. Contingit autem quandoque
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3503 quod clerici habent in territorio alicuius parochialis Ecclesiae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3504 aliqua praedia propria. Vel etiam aliqua alia Ecclesia habet ibi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3505 possessiones ecclesiasticas. Ergo videtur quod clerici teneantur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3506 dare praediales decimas.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3507 <p title="II-II q. 87 a. 4 arg. 2"><a name="42732"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3508 "ref">[42732] IIª-IIae q. 87 a. 4 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3509 aliqui religiosi sunt clerici. Qui tamen tenentur dare decimas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3510 Ecclesiis ratione praediorum quae etiam manibus propriis excolunt.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3511 Ergo videtur quod clerici non sint immunes a solutione
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3512 decimarum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3513 <p title="II-II q. 87 a. 4 arg. 3"><a name="42733"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3514 "ref">[42733] IIª-IIae q. 87 a. 4 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3515 sicut Num. XVIII praecipitur quod Levitae a populo decimas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3516 accipiant, ita etiam praecipitur quod ipsi dent decimas summo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3517 sacerdoti. Ergo, qua ratione laici debent dare decimas clericis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3518 eadem ratione clerici debent dare decimas summo pontifici.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3519 <p title="II-II q. 87 a. 4 arg. 4"><a name="42734"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3520 "ref">[42734] IIª-IIae q. 87 a. 4 arg. 4</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3521 sicut decimae debent cedere in sustentationem clericorum, ita etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3522 debent cedere in subventionem pauperum. Si ergo clerici excusantur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3523 a solutione decimarum, pari ratione excusantur et pauperes. Hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3524 autem est falsum. Ergo et primum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3525 <p title="II-II q. 87 a. 4 s. c."><a name="42735"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3526 "ref">[42735] IIª-IIae q. 87 a. 4 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3527 est quod dicit decretalis paschalis Papae, <i>novum genus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3528 exactionis est ut clerici a clericis decimas exigant</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3529 <p title="II-II q. 87 a. 4 co."><a name="42736"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3530 "ref">[42736] IIª-IIae q. 87 a. 4 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3531 dicendum quod idem non potest esse causa dandi et recipiendi, sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3532 nec causa agendi et patiendi, contingit autem ex diversis causis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3533 et respectu diversorum, eundem esse dantem et recipientem, sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3534 agentem et patientem. Clericis autem inquantum sunt ministri
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3535 altaris spiritualia populo seminantes, decimae a fidelibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3536 debentur. Unde tales clerici, inquantum clerici sunt, idest
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3537 inquantum possessiones habent ecclesiasticas, decimas solvere non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3538 tenentur. Ex alia vero causa, scilicet propter hoc quod possident
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3539 proprio iure, vel ex successione parentum, vel ex emptione, vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3540 quocumque huiusmodi modo, sunt ad decimas solvendas obligati.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3541 <p title="II-II q. 87 a. 4 ad 1"><a name="42737"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3542 "ref">[42737] IIª-IIae q. 87 a. 4 ad 1</span></a> Unde patet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3543 responsio ad primum. Quia clerici de propriis praediis tenentur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3544 solvere decimas parochiali Ecclesiae sicut et alii, etiam si ipsi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3545 sint eiusdem Ecclesiae clerici, quia aliud est habere aliquid ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3546 proprium, aliud ut commune. Praedia vero Ecclesiae non sunt ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3547 decimas solvendas obligata, etiam si sint infra terminos alterius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3548 parochiae.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3549 <p title="II-II q. 87 a. 4 ad 2"><a name="42738"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3550 "ref">[42738] IIª-IIae q. 87 a. 4 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3551 dicendum quod religiosi qui sunt clerici, si habeant curam animarum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3552 spiritualia populo dispensantes, non tenentur decimas dare, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3553 possunt eas recipere. De aliis vero religiosis, etiam si sint
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3554 clerici, qui non dispensant populo spiritualia, est alia ratio.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3555 Ipsi enim tenentur de iure communi decimas dare, habent tamen
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3556 aliquam immunitatem secundum diversas concessiones eis a sede
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3557 apostolica factas.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3558 <p title="II-II q. 87 a. 4 ad 3"><a name="42739"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3559 "ref">[42739] IIª-IIae q. 87 a. 4 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3560 dicendum quod in veteri lege primitiae debebantur sacerdotibus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3561 decimae autem Levitis, et quia sub sacerdotibus Levitae erant,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3562 dominus mandavit ut ipsi, loco primitiarum, solverent summo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3563 sacerdoti decimam decimae. Unde nunc, eadem ratione, tenentur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3564 clerici summo pontifici decimam dare, si exigeret. Naturalis enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3565 ratio dictat ut illi qui habet curam de communi multitudinis statu,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3566 provideatur unde possit exequi ea quae pertinent ad communem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3567 salutem.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3568 <p title="II-II q. 87 a. 4 ad 4"><a name="42740"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3569 "ref">[42740] IIª-IIae q. 87 a. 4 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3570 dicendum quod decimae debent cedere in subventionem pauperum per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3571 dispensationem clericorum. Et ideo pauperes non habent causam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3572 accipiendi decimas, sed tenentur eas dare.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3573 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3574 <div class="D">Quaestio 88</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3575 <div class="G">Prooemium</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3576 <p title="II-II q. 88 pr."><a name="42741"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3577 "ref">[42741] IIª-IIae q. 88 pr.</span></a> Deinde
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3578 considerandum est de voto, per quod aliquid Deo promittitur. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3579 circa hoc quaeruntur duodecim. Primo, quid sit votum. Secundo, quid
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3580 cadat sub voto. Tertio, de obligatione voti. Quarto, de utilitate
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3581 vovendi. Quinto, cuius virtutis sit actus. Sexto, utrum magis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3582 meritorium sit facere aliquid ex voto quam sine voto. Septimo, de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3583 solemnitate voti. Octavo, utrum possint vovere qui sunt potestati
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3584 alterius subiecti. Nono, utrum pueri possint voto obligari ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3585 religionis ingressum. Decimo, utrum votum sit dispensabile vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3586 commutabile. Undecimo, utrum in solemni voto continentiae possit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3587 dispensari. Duodecimo, utrum requiratur in dispensatione voti
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3588 superioris auctoritas.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3589 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3590 <div class="E">Articulus 1</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3591 <p title="II-II q. 88 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="42742"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3592 "ref">[42742] IIª-IIae q. 88 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3593 sic proceditur. Videtur quod votum consistat in solo proposito
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3594 voluntatis. Quia secundum quosdam, <i>votum est conceptio boni
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3595 propositi, animi deliberatione firmata, qua quis ad aliquid
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3596 faciendum vel non faciendum se Deo obligat</i>. Sed conceptio boni
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3597 propositi, cum omnibus quae adduntur, potest in solo motu
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3598 voluntatis consistere. Ergo votum in solo proposito voluntatis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3599 consistit.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3600 <p title="II-II q. 88 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="42743"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3601 "ref">[42743] IIª-IIae q. 88 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3602 ipsum nomen voti videtur a voluntate assumptum, dicitur enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3603 aliquis proprio voto facere quae voluntarie facit. Sed propositum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3604 est actus voluntatis, promissio autem rationis. Ergo votum in solo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3605 actu voluntatis consistit.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3606 <p title="II-II q. 88 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="42744"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3607 "ref">[42744] IIª-IIae q. 88 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3608 dominus dicit, Luc. IX, <i>nemo mittens manum ad aratrum et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3609 aspiciens retro aptus est regno Dei</i>. Sed aliquis ex hoc ipso
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3610 quod habet propositum bene faciendi mittit manum ad aratrum. Ergo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3611 si aspiciat retro, desistens a bono proposito, non est aptus regno
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3612 Dei. Ex solo igitur bono proposito aliquis obligatur apud Deum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3613 etiam nulla promissione facta. Et ita videtur quod in solo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3614 proposito voluntatis votum consistat.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3615 <p title="II-II q. 88 a. 1 s. c."><a name="42745"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3616 "ref">[42745] IIª-IIae q. 88 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3617 est quod dicitur Eccle. V, <i>si quid vovisti Deo, ne moreris
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3618 reddere, displicet enim ei infidelis et stulta promissio</i>. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3619 vovere est promittere, et votum est promissio.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3620 <p title="II-II q. 88 a. 1 co."><a name="42746"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3621 "ref">[42746] IIª-IIae q. 88 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3622 dicendum quod votum quandam obligationem importat ad aliquid
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3623 faciendum vel dimittendum. Obligat autem homo se homini ad aliquid
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3624 per modum promissionis, quae est rationis actus, ad quam pertinet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3625 ordinare, sicut enim homo imperando vel deprecando ordinat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3626 quodammodo quid sibi ab aliis fiat, ita promittendo ordinat quid
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3627 ipse pro alio facere debeat. Sed promissio quae ab homine fit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3628 homini, non potest fieri nisi per verba vel quaecumque exteriora
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3629 signa. Deo autem potest fieri promissio per solam interiorem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3630 cogitationem, quia ut dicitur I Reg. XVI, <i>homines vident ea quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3631 parent, sed Deus intuetur cor</i>. Exprimuntur tamen quandoque
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3632 verba exteriora vel ad sui ipsius excitationem, sicut circa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3633 orationem dictum est, vel ad alios contestandum, ut non solum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3634 desistat a fractione voti propter timorem Dei, sed etiam propter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3635 reverentiam hominum. Promissio autem procedit ex proposito
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3636 faciendi. Propositum autem aliquam deliberationem praeexigit, cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3637 sit actus voluntatis deliberatae. Sic igitur ad votum tria ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3638 necessitate requiruntur, primo quidem, deliberatio; secundo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3639 propositum voluntatis; tertio, promissio, in qua perficitur ratio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3640 voti. Superadduntur vero quandoque et alia duo, ad quandam voti
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3641 confirmationem, scilicet pronuntiatio oris, secundum illud Psalm.,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3642 <i>reddam tibi vota mea, quae distinxerunt labia mea</i>; et iterum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3643 testimonium aliorum. Unde Magister dicit, XXXVIII dist. IV Lib.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3644 Sent., quod votum est testificatio quaedam promissionis spontaneae,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3645 quae Deo et de his quae sunt Dei fieri debet, quamvis testificatio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3646 possit ad interiorem testificationem proprie referri.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3647 <p title="II-II q. 88 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="42747"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3648 "ref">[42747] IIª-IIae q. 88 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3649 ergo dicendum quod conceptio boni propositi non firmatur ex animi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3650 deliberatione nisi promissione deliberationem consequente.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3651 <p title="II-II q. 88 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="42748"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3652 "ref">[42748] IIª-IIae q. 88 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3653 dicendum quod voluntas movet rationem ad promittendum aliquid circa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3654 ea quae eius voluntati subduntur. Et pro tanto votum a voluntate
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3655 accepit nomen quasi a primo movente.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3656 <p title="II-II q. 88 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="42749"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3657 "ref">[42749] IIª-IIae q. 88 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3658 dicendum quod ille qui mittit manum ad aratrum iam facit aliquid.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3659 Sed ille qui solum proponit nondum aliquid facit. Sed quando
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3660 promittit, iam incipit se exhibere ad faciendum, licet nondum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3661 impleat quod promittit, sicut ille qui ponit manum ad aratrum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3662 nondum arat, iam tamen apponit manum ad arandum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3663 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3664 <div class="E">Articulus 2</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3665 <p title="II-II q. 88 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="42750"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3666 "ref">[42750] IIª-IIae q. 88 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3667 secundum sic proceditur. Videtur quod votum non semper debeat fieri
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3668 de meliori bono. Dicitur enim melius bonum quod ad supererogationem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3669 pertinet. Sed votum non solum fit de his quae sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3670 supererogationis, sed etiam de his quae pertinent ad salutem. Nam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3671 et <i>in Baptismo vovent homines abrenuntiare Diabolo et pompis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3672 eius, et fidem servare</i>, ut dicit Glossa, super illud Psalm.,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3673 <i>vovete et reddite domino Deo vestro</i>. Iacob etiam vovit quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3674 esset ei dominus in Deum, ut habetur Gen. XXVIII, hoc autem est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3675 maxime de necessitate salutis. Ergo votum non solum fit de meliori
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3676 bono.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3677 <p title="II-II q. 88 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="42751"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3678 "ref">[42751] IIª-IIae q. 88 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3679 Iephte in catalogo sanctorum ponitur, ut patet Heb. XI. Sed ipse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3680 filiam innocentem occidit propter votum, ut habetur Iudic. XI. Cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3681 igitur occisio innocentis non sit melius bonum, sed sit secundum se
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3682 illicitum, videtur quod votum fieri possit non solum de meliori
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3683 bono, sed etiam de illicitis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3684 <p title="II-II q. 88 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="42752"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3685 "ref">[42752] IIª-IIae q. 88 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3686 ea quae redundant in detrimentum personae, vel quae ad nihil sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3687 utilia, non habent rationem melioris boni. Sed quandoque fiunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3688 aliqua vota de immoderatis vigiliis et ieiuniis, quae vergunt in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3689 periculum personae. Quandoque etiam fiunt aliqua vota de aliquibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3690 indifferentibus et ad nihil valentibus. Ergo non semper votum est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3691 melioris boni.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3692 <p title="II-II q. 88 a. 2 s. c."><a name="42753"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3693 "ref">[42753] IIª-IIae q. 88 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3694 est quod dicitur Deut. XXIII, <i>si nolueris polliceri, absque
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3695 peccato eris</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3696 <p title="II-II q. 88 a. 2 co."><a name="42754"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3697 "ref">[42754] IIª-IIae q. 88 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3698 dicendum quod, sicut dictum est, votum est promissio Deo facta.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3699 Promissio autem est alicuius quod quis pro aliquo voluntarie facit.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3700 Non enim esset promissio, sed comminatio, si quis diceret se contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3701 aliquem facturum. Similiter vana esset promissio si aliquis alicui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3702 promitteret id quod ei non esset acceptum. Et ideo, cum omne
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3703 peccatum sit contra Deum; nec aliquod opus sit Deo acceptum nisi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3704 sit virtuosum, consequens est quod de nullo illicito, nec de aliquo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3705 indifferenti debeat fieri votum, sed solum de aliquo actu virtutis.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3706 Sed quia votum promissionem voluntariam importat, necessitas autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3707 voluntatem excludit, id quod est absolute necessarium esse vel non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3708 esse nullo modo cadit sub voto, stultum enim esset si quis voveret
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3709 se esse moriturum, vel se non esse volaturum. Illud vero quod non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3710 habet absolutam necessitatem, sed necessitatem finis, puta quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3711 sine eo non potest esse salus, cadit quidem sub voto inquantum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3712 voluntarie fit, non autem inquantum est necessitatis. Illud autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3713 quod neque cadit sub necessitate absoluta neque sub necessitate
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3714 finis, omnino est voluntarium. Et ideo hoc propriissime cadit sub
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3715 voto. Hoc autem dicitur esse maius bonum in comparatione ad bonum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3716 quod communiter est de necessitate salutis. Et ideo, proprie
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3717 loquendo, votum dicitur esse de bono meliori.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3718 <p title="II-II q. 88 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="42755"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3719 "ref">[42755] IIª-IIae q. 88 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3720 ergo dicendum quod hoc modo sub voto baptizatorum cadit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3721 abrenuntiare pompis Diaboli et fidem Christi servare, quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3722 voluntarie fit, licet sit de necessitate salutis. Et similiter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3723 potest dici de voto Iacob. Quamvis etiam possit intelligi quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3724 Iacob vovit se habere dominum in Deum per specialem cultum, ad quem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3725 non tenebatur, sicut per decimarum oblationem, et alia huiusmodi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3726 quae ibi subduntur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3727 <p title="II-II q. 88 a. 2 ad 2"><a name="42756"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3728 "ref">[42756] IIª-IIae q. 88 a. 2 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3729 dicendum quod quaedam sunt quae in omnem eventum sunt bona, sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3730 opera virtutis et alia quae absolute possunt cadere sub voto.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3731 Quaedam vero in omnem eventum sunt mala, sicut ea quae secundum se
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3732 sunt peccata. Et haec nullo modo possunt sub voto cadere. Quaedam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3733 vero sunt quidem in se considerata bona, et secundum hoc possunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3734 cadere sub voto, possunt tamen habere malum eventum, in quo non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3735 sunt observanda. Et sic accidit in voto Iephte, qui ut dicitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3736 Iudic. XI, <i>votum vovit domino, dicens, si tradideris filios
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3737 Ammon in manus meas, quicumque primus egressus fuerit de foribus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3738 domus meae mihique occurrerit revertenti in pace, eum offeram
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3739 holocaustum domino</i>. Hoc enim poterat malum eventum habere, si
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3740 occurreret ei aliquod animal non immolativum, sicut asinus vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3741 homo, quod et accidit. Unde, ut Hieronymus dicit, in vovendo fuit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3742 stultus, quia discretionem non adhibuit, et in reddendo impius.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3743 Praemittitur tamen ibidem quod factus est super eum spiritus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3744 domini, quia fides et devotio ipsius, ex qua motus est ad vovendum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3745 fuit a spiritu sancto. Propter quod ponitur in catalogo sanctorum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3746 et propter victoriam quam obtinuit; et quia probabile est eum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3747 poenituisse de facto iniquo, quod tamen aliquod bonum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3748 figurabat.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3749 <p title="II-II q. 88 a. 2 ad 3"><a name="42757"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3750 "ref">[42757] IIª-IIae q. 88 a. 2 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3751 dicendum quod maceratio proprii corporis, puta per vigilias et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3752 ieiunia, non est Deo accepta nisi inquantum est opus virtutis, quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3753 quidem est inquantum cum debita discretione fit, ut scilicet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3754 concupiscentia refrenetur et natura non nimis gravetur. Et sub tali
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3755 tenore possunt huiusmodi sub voto cadere. Propter quod et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3756 apostolus, Rom. XII, postquam dixerat, <i>exhibeatis corpora vestra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3757 hostiam viventem, sanctam, Deo placentem</i>, addidit,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3758 <i>rationabile obsequium vestrum</i>. Sed quia in his quae ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3759 seipsum pertinent de facili fallitur homo in iudicando, talia vota
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3760 congruentius secundum arbitrium superioris sunt vel servanda vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3761 praetermittenda. Ita tamen quod si ex observatione talis voti
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3762 magnum et manifestum gravamen sentiret, et non esset facultas ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3763 superiorem recurrendi, non debet homo tale votum servare. Vota vero
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3764 quae sunt de rebus vanis et inutilibus sunt magis deridenda quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3765 servanda.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3766 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3767 <div class="E">Articulus 3</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3768 <p title="II-II q. 88 a. 3 arg. 1"><a name="42758"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3769 "ref">[42758] IIª-IIae q. 88 a. 3 arg. 1</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3770 sic proceditur. Videtur quod non omne votum obliget ad sui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3771 observationem. Homo enim magis indiget his quae per alium hominem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3772 fiunt quam Deus, qui bonorum nostrorum non eget. Sed promissio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3773 simplex homini facta non obligat ad servandum, secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3774 institutionem legis humanae, quod videtur esse institutum propter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3775 mutabilitatem humanae voluntatis. Ergo multo minus simplex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3776 promissio Deo facta, quae dicitur votum, obligat ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3777 observandum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3778 <p title="II-II q. 88 a. 3 arg. 2"><a name="42759"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3779 "ref">[42759] IIª-IIae q. 88 a. 3 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3780 nullus obligatur ad impossibile. Sed quandoque illud quod quis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3781 vovit fit ei impossibile, vel quia dependet ex alieno arbitrio,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3782 sicut cum quis vovet aliquod monasterium intrare cuius monachi eum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3783 nolunt recipere; vel propter emergentem defectum, sicut mulier quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3784 vovit virginitatem servare et postea corrumpitur, vel vir qui vovet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3785 pecuniam dare et postea amittit pecuniam. Ergo non semper votum est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3786 obligatorium.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3787 <p title="II-II q. 88 a. 3 arg. 3"><a name="42760"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3788 "ref">[42760] IIª-IIae q. 88 a. 3 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3789 illud ad cuius solutionem est aliquis obligatus, statim solvere
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3790 tenetur. Sed aliquis non statim solvere tenetur illud quod vovit,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3791 praecipue cum sub conditione futura vovet. Ergo votum non semper
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3792 est obligatorium.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3793 <p title="II-II q. 88 a. 3 s. c."><a name="42761"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3794 "ref">[42761] IIª-IIae q. 88 a. 3 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3795 est quod dicitur Eccle. V, <i>quodcumque voveris, redde. Multoque
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3796 melius est non vovere quam post votum promissa non reddere</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3797 <p title="II-II q. 88 a. 3 co."><a name="42762"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3798 "ref">[42762] IIª-IIae q. 88 a. 3 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3799 dicendum quod ad fidelitatem hominis pertinet ut solvat id quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3800 promisit, unde secundum Augustinum, fides dicitur ex hoc quod fiunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3801 dicta. Maxime autem debet homo Deo fidelitatem, tum ratione
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3802 dominii; tum etiam ratione beneficii suscepti. Et ideo maxime
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3803 obligatur homo ad hoc quod impleat vota Deo facta, hoc enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3804 pertinet ad fidelitatem quam homo debet Deo, fractio autem voti est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3805 quaedam infidelitatis species. Unde Salomon rationem assignat quare
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3806 sint vota reddenda. Quia displicet Deo infidelis promissio.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3807 <p title="II-II q. 88 a. 3 ad 1"><a name="42763"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3808 "ref">[42763] IIª-IIae q. 88 a. 3 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3809 ergo dicendum quod secundum honestatem ex qualibet promissione homo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3810 homini obligatur, et haec est obligatio iuris naturalis. Sed ad hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3811 quod aliquis obligetur ex aliqua promissione obligatione civili,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3812 quaedam alia requiruntur. Deus autem etsi bonis nostris non egeat,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3813 ei tamen maxime obligamur. Et ita votum ei factum est maxime
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3814 obligatorium.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3815 <p title="II-II q. 88 a. 3 ad 2"><a name="42764"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3816 "ref">[42764] IIª-IIae q. 88 a. 3 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3817 dicendum quod si illud quod quis vovit ex quacumque causa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3818 impossibile reddatur, debet homo facere quod in se est, ut saltem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3819 habeat promptam voluntatem faciendi quod potest. Unde ille qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3820 vovit monasterium aliquod intrare debet dare operam quam potest ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3821 ibi recipiatur. Et si quidem intentio sua fuit se obligare ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3822 religionis ingressum principaliter, et ex consequenti elegit hanc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3823 religionem vel hunc locum quasi sibi magis congruentem, tenetur, si
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3824 non potest ibi recipi, aliam religionem intrare. Si autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3825 principaliter intendit se obligare ad hanc religionem vel ad hunc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3826 locum, propter specialem complacentiam huius religionis vel loci,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3827 non tenetur aliam religionem intrare si illi eum recipere nolunt.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3828 Si vero incidit in impossibilitatem implendi votum ex propria
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3829 culpa, tenetur insuper de propria culpa praeterita poenitentiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3830 agere. Sicut mulier quae vovit virginitatem, si postea corrumpatur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3831 non solum debet servare quod potest, scilicet perpetuam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3832 continentiam, sed etiam de eo quod admisit peccando poenitere.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3833 <p title="II-II q. 88 a. 3 ad 3"><a name="42765"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3834 "ref">[42765] IIª-IIae q. 88 a. 3 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3835 dicendum quod obligatio voti ex propria voluntate et intentione
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3836 causatur, unde dicitur Deut. XXIII, quod <i>semel egressum est de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3837 labiis tuis, observabis, et facies sicut promisisti domino Deo tuo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3838 et propria voluntate et ore tuo locutus es</i>. Et ideo si in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3839 intentione et voluntate voventis est obligare se ad statim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3840 solvendum, tenetur statim solvere. Si autem ad certum tempus, vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3841 sub certa conditione, non tenetur statim solvere. Sed nec debet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3842 tardare ultra quam intendit se obligare, dicitur enim ibidem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3843 <i>cum votum voveris domino Deo tuo, non tardabis reddere, quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3844 requiret illud dominus Deus tuus; et si moratus fueris, reputabitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3845 tibi in peccatum</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3846 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3847 <div class="E">Articulus 4</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3848 <p title="II-II q. 88 a. 4 arg. 1"><a name="42766"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3849 "ref">[42766] IIª-IIae q. 88 a. 4 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quartum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3850 sic proceditur. Videtur quod non expediat aliquid vovere. Non enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3851 alicui expedit ut privet se bono quod ei Deus donavit. Sed libertas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3852 est unum de maximis bonis quae homini Deus dedit, qua videtur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3853 privari per necessitatem quam votum imponit. Ergo non videtur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3854 expediens homini quod aliquid voveat.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3855 <p title="II-II q. 88 a. 4 arg. 2"><a name="42767"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3856 "ref">[42767] IIª-IIae q. 88 a. 4 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3857 nullus debet se periculis iniicere. Sed quicumque vovet se periculo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3858 iniicit, quia quod ante votum sine periculo poterat praeteriri, si
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3859 non servetur post votum, periculosum est. Unde Augustinus dicit, in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3860 epistola ad Armentarium et Paulinam, <i>quia iam vovisti, iam te
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3861 obstrinxisti, aliud tibi facere non licet. Non talis eris si non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3862 feceris quod vovisti, qualis mansisses si nihil tale vovisses.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3863 Minor enim tunc esses, non peior. Modo autem, tanto, quod absit,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3864 miserior si fidem Deo fregeris, quanto beatior si persolveris</i>.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3865 Ergo non expedit aliquid vovere.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3866 <p title="II-II q. 88 a. 4 arg. 3"><a name="42768"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3867 "ref">[42768] IIª-IIae q. 88 a. 4 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3868 apostolus dicit, I ad Cor. IV, <i>imitatores mei estote, sicut et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3869 ego Christi</i>. Sed non legitur neque Christum aliquid vovisse,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3870 nec apostolos. Ergo videtur quod non expediat aliquid vovere.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3871 <p title="II-II q. 88 a. 4 s. c."><a name="42769"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3872 "ref">[42769] IIª-IIae q. 88 a. 4 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3873 est quod dicitur in Psalm., <i>vovete et reddite domino Deo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3874 vestro</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3875 <p title="II-II q. 88 a. 4 co."><a name="42770"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3876 "ref">[42770] IIª-IIae q. 88 a. 4 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3877 dicendum quod, sicut dictum est, votum est promissio Deo facta.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3878 Alia autem ratione promittitur aliquid homini, et alia ratione Deo.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3879 Homini quidem promittimus aliquid propter eius utilitatem, cui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3880 utile est et quod ei aliquid exhibeamus, et quod eum de futura
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3881 exhibitione prius certificemus. Sed promissionem Deo facimus non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3882 propter eius utilitatem, sed propter nostram. Unde Augustinus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3883 dicit, in praedicta epistola, <i>benignus exactor est, non egenus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3884 et qui non crescat ex redditis, sed in se crescere faciat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3885 redditores</i>. Et sicut id quod damus Deo non est ei utile, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3886 nobis, quia quod ei redditur reddenti additur, ut Augustinus ibidem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3887 dicit; ita etiam promissio qua Deo aliquid vovemus, non cedit in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3888 eius utilitatem, qui a nobis certificari non indiget; sed ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3889 utilitatem nostram, inquantum vovendo voluntatem nostram
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3890 immobiliter firmamus ad id quod expedit facere. Et ideo expediens
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3891 est vovere.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3892 <p title="II-II q. 88 a. 4 ad 1"><a name="42771"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3893 "ref">[42771] IIª-IIae q. 88 a. 4 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3894 ergo dicendum quod sicut non posse peccare non diminuit libertatem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3895 ita etiam necessitas firmatae voluntatis in bonum non diminuit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3896 libertatem, ut patet in Deo et in beatis. Et talis est necessitas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3897 voti, similitudinem quandam habens cum confirmatione beatorum. Unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3898 Augustinus in eadem epistola dicit quod <i>felix necessitas est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3899 quae in meliora compellit</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3900 <p title="II-II q. 88 a. 4 ad 2"><a name="42772"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3901 "ref">[42772] IIª-IIae q. 88 a. 4 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3902 dicendum quod quando periculum nascitur ex ipso facto, tunc illud
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3903 factum non est expediens, puta quod aliquis per pontem ruinosum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3904 transeat fluvium. Sed si periculum immineat ex hoc quod homo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3905 deficit ab illo facto, non desinit propter hoc esse expediens,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3906 sicut expediens est ascendere equum, quamvis periculum immineat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3907 cadenti de equo. Alioquin oporteret ab omnibus bonis cessare quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3908 per accidens ex aliquo eventu possunt esse periculosa. Unde dicitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3909 Eccle. XI, <i>qui observat ventum non seminat, et qui considerat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3910 nubes nunquam metet</i>. Periculum autem voventi non imminet ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3911 ipso voto, sed ex culpa hominis, qui voluntatem mutat transgrediens
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3912 votum. Unde Augustinus dicit in eadem epistola, <i>non te vovisse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3913 poeniteat. Immo gaude iam tibi sic non licere quod cum tuo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3914 detrimento licuisset</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3915 <p title="II-II q. 88 a. 4 ad 3"><a name="42773"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3916 "ref">[42773] IIª-IIae q. 88 a. 4 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3917 dicendum quod Christo secundum se non competebat vovere. Tum quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3918 Deus erat. Tum etiam quia, inquantum homo, habebat firmatam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3919 voluntatem in bono, quasi comprehensor existens. Quamvis per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3920 quandam similitudinem ex persona eius dicatur in Psalm., secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3921 Glossam, <i>vota mea reddam in conspectu timentium eum</i>,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3922 loquitur autem pro corpore suo, quod est Ecclesia. Apostoli autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3923 intelliguntur vovisse pertinentia ad perfectionis statum quando
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3924 Christum, relictis omnibus, sunt secuti.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3925 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3926 <div class="E">Articulus 5</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3927 <p title="II-II q. 88 a. 5 arg. 1"><a name="42774"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3928 "ref">[42774] IIª-IIae q. 88 a. 5 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quintum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3929 sic proceditur. Videtur quod votum non sit actus latriae sive
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3930 religionis. Omne enim opus virtutis cadit sub voto. Sed ad eandem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3931 virtutem pertinere videtur promittere aliquid et facere illud. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3932 votum pertinet ad quamlibet virtutem, et non specialiter ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3933 religionem.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3934 <p title="II-II q. 88 a. 5 arg. 2"><a name="42775"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3935 "ref">[42775] IIª-IIae q. 88 a. 5 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3936 secundum Tullium, ad religionem pertinet cultum et caeremoniam Deo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3937 offerre. Sed ille qui vovet nondum aliquid Deo offert, sed solum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3938 promittit. Ergo votum non est actus religionis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3939 <p title="II-II q. 88 a. 5 arg. 3"><a name="42776"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3940 "ref">[42776] IIª-IIae q. 88 a. 5 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3941 cultus religionis non debet exhiberi nisi Deo. Sed votum non solum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3942 fit Deo, sed etiam sanctis et praelatis, quibus religiosi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3943 profitentes obedientiam vovent. Ergo votum non est religionis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3944 actus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3945 <p title="II-II q. 88 a. 5 s. c."><a name="42777"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3946 "ref">[42777] IIª-IIae q. 88 a. 5 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3947 est quod dicitur Isaiae XIX, <i>colent eum in hostiis et muneribus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3948 et vota vovebunt domino et solvent</i>. Sed colere Deum est proprie
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3949 religionis sive latriae. Ergo votum est actus latriae sive
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3950 religionis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3951 <p title="II-II q. 88 a. 5 co."><a name="42778"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3952 "ref">[42778] IIª-IIae q. 88 a. 5 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3953 dicendum quod, sicut supra dictum est, omne opus virtutis ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3954 religionem seu latriam pertinet per modum imperii, secundum quod ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3955 divinam reverentiam ordinatur, quod est proprius finis latriae.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3956 Ordinare autem alios actus in manifestum est autem ex praedictis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3957 quod votum est quaedam imperatas. Et ideo ipsa ordinatio actuum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3958 cuiuscumque virtutis in servitium Dei est proprius actus latriae.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3959 Manifestum est autem ex praedictis quod votum est quaedam promissio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3960 Deo facta, et quod promissio nihil est aliud quam ordinatio quaedam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3961 eius quod promittitur in eum cui promittitur. Unde votum est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3962 ordinatio quaedam eorum quae quis vovet in divinum cultum seu
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3963 obsequium. Et sic patet quod vovere proprie est actus latriae seu
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3964 religionis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3965 <p title="II-II q. 88 a. 5 ad 1"><a name="42779"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3966 "ref">[42779] IIª-IIae q. 88 a. 5 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3967 ergo dicendum quod illud quod cadit sub voto quandoque quidem est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3968 actus alterius virtutis, sicut ieiunare, continentiam servare;
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3969 quandoque vero est actus religionis, sicut sacrificium offerre vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3970 orare. Utrorumque tamen promissio Deo facta ad religionem pertinet,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3971 ratione iam dicta. Unde patet quod votorum quoddam pertinet ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3972 religionem ratione solius promissionis Deo factae, quae est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3973 essentia voti, quandoque etiam ratione rei promissae, quae est voti
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3974 materia.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3975 <p title="II-II q. 88 a. 5 ad 2"><a name="42780"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3976 "ref">[42780] IIª-IIae q. 88 a. 5 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3977 dicendum quod ille qui promittit, inquantum se obligat ad dandum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3978 iam quodammodo dat, sicut dicitur fieri aliquid cum fit causa eius,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3979 quia effectus virtute continetur in causa. Et inde est quod non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3980 solum danti, sed etiam promittenti gratiae aguntur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3981 <p title="II-II q. 88 a. 5 ad 3"><a name="42781"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3982 "ref">[42781] IIª-IIae q. 88 a. 5 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3983 dicendum quod votum soli Deo fit, sed promissio potest etiam fieri
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3984 homini, et ipsa promissio boni quae fit homini potest cadere sub
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3985 voto, inquantum est quoddam opus virtuosum. Et per hunc modum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3986 intelligendum est votum quo quis vovet aliquid sanctis vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3987 praelatis, ut ipsa promissio facta sanctis vel praelatis cadat sub
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3988 voto materialiter, inquantum scilicet homo vovet Deo se impleturum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3989 quod sanctis vel praelatis promittit.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3990 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3991 <div class="E">Articulus 6</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3992 <p title="II-II q. 88 a. 6 arg. 1"><a name="42782"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3993 "ref">[42782] IIª-IIae q. 88 a. 6 arg. 1</span></a> Ad sextum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3994 sic proceditur. Videtur quod magis sit laudabile et meritorium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3995 facere aliquid sine voto quam cum voto. Dicit enim prosper, in II
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3996 de vita Contempl., sic <i>abstinere vel ieiunare debemus ut non nos
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3997 necessitati ieiunandi subdamus, ne iam non devoti, sed inviti rem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3998 voluntariam faciamus</i>. Sed ille qui vovet ieiunium subdit se
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3999 necessitati ieiunandi. Ergo melius esset si ieiunaret sine
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4000 voto.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4001 <p title="II-II q. 88 a. 6 arg. 2"><a name="42783"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4002 "ref">[42783] IIª-IIae q. 88 a. 6 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4003 apostolus dicit, II Cor. IX, <i>unusquisque prout destinavit in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4004 corde suo, non ex tristitia aut ex necessitate, hilarem enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4005 datorem diligit Deus</i>. Sed quidam ea quae vovent ex tristitia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4006 faciunt, et hoc videtur procedere ex necessitate quam votum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4007 imponit, quia necessitas contristans est, ut dicitur V Metaphys.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4008 Ergo melius est aliquid facere sine voto quam cum voto.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4009 <p title="II-II q. 88 a. 6 arg. 3"><a name="42784"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4010 "ref">[42784] IIª-IIae q. 88 a. 6 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4011 votum necessarium est ad hoc quod firmetur voluntas hominis ad rem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4012 quam vovet, ut supra habitum est. Sed non magis potest firmari
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4013 voluntas ad aliquid faciendum quam cum actu facit illud. Ergo non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4014 melius est facere aliquid cum voto quam sine voto.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4015 <p title="II-II q. 88 a. 6 s. c."><a name="42785"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4016 "ref">[42785] IIª-IIae q. 88 a. 6 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4017 est quod super illud Psalm., vovete et reddite, dicit Glossa,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4018 vovere voluntati consulitur. Sed consilium non est nisi de meliori
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4019 bono. Ergo melius est facere aliquod melius opus ex voto quam sine
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4020 voto, quia qui facit sine voto, implet tantum unum consilium,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4021 scilicet de faciendo; qui autem facit cum voto, implet duo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4022 consilia, scilicet et vovendo et faciendo.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4023 <p title="II-II q. 88 a. 6 co."><a name="42786"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4024 "ref">[42786] IIª-IIae q. 88 a. 6 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4025 dicendum quod triplici ratione facere idem opus cum voto est melius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4026 et magis meritorium quam facere sine voto. Primo quidem, quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4027 vovere, sicut dictum est, est actus latriae, quae est praecipua
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4028 inter virtutes morales. Nobilioris autem virtutis est opus melius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4029 et magis meritorium. Unde actus inferioris virtutis est melior et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4030 magis meritorius ex hoc quod imperatur a superiori virtute, cuius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4031 actus fit per imperium, sicut actus fidei vel spei melior est si
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4032 imperetur a caritate. Et ideo actus aliarum virtutum moralium, puta
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4033 ieiunare, quod est actus abstinentiae, et continere, quod est actus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4034 castitatis, sunt meliora et magis meritoria si fiant ex voto, quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4035 sic iam pertinent ad divinum cultum, quasi quaedam Dei sacrificia.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4036 Unde Augustinus dicit, in libro de virginitate, quod <i>neque ipsa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4037 virginitas quia virginitas est, sed quia Deo dicata est, honoratur;
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4038 quam fovet et servat continentia pietatis</i>. Secundo, quia ille
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4039 qui vovet aliquid et facit, plus se Deo subiicit quam ille qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4040 solum facit. Subiicit enim se Deo non solum quantum ad actum sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4041 etiam quantum ad potestatem, quia de cetero, non potest aliud
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4042 facere, sicut plus daret homini qui daret ei arborem cum fructibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4043 quam qui daret ei fructus tantum, ut dicit Anselmus, in libro de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4044 Similitud. Et inde est quod etiam promittentibus gratiae aguntur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4045 ut dictum est. Tertio, quia per votum immobiliter voluntas firmatur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4046 in bonum. Facere autem aliquid ex voluntate firmata in bonum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4047 pertinet ad perfectionem virtutis, ut patet per philosophum, in II
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4048 Ethic., sicut etiam peccare mente obstinata aggravat peccatum, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4049 dicitur peccatum in spiritum sanctum, ut supra dictum est.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4050 <p title="II-II q. 88 a. 6 ad 1"><a name="42787"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4051 "ref">[42787] IIª-IIae q. 88 a. 6 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4052 ergo dicendum quod auctoritas illa est intelligenda de necessitate
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4053 coactionis, quae involuntarium causat et devotionem excludit. Unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4054 signanter dicit, <i>ne iam non devoti, sed inviti rem voluntariam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4055 faciamus</i>. Necessitas autem voti est per immutabilitatem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4056 voluntatis, unde et voluntatem confirmat et devotionem auget. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4057 ideo ratio non sequitur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4058 <p title="II-II q. 88 a. 6 ad 2"><a name="42788"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4059 "ref">[42788] IIª-IIae q. 88 a. 6 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4060 dicendum quod necessitas coactionis, inquantum est contraria
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4061 voluntati, tristitiam causat, secundum philosophum. Necessitas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4062 autem voti in his qui sunt bene dispositi, inquantum voluntatem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4063 confirmat, non causat tristitiam, sed gaudium. Unde Augustinus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4064 dicit, in epistola ad Armentarium et Paulinam, <i>non te vovisse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4065 poeniteat, immo gaude iam tibi sic non licere quod cum tuo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4066 detrimento licuisset</i>. Si tamen ipsum opus, secundum se
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4067 consideratum, triste et involuntarium redderetur post votum, dum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4068 tamen remaneat voluntas votum implendi, adhuc est magis meritorium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4069 quam si fieret sine voto, quia impletio voti est actus religionis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4070 quae est potior virtus quam abstinentia, cuius actus est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4071 ieiunare.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4072 <p title="II-II q. 88 a. 6 ad 3"><a name="42789"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4073 "ref">[42789] IIª-IIae q. 88 a. 6 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4074 dicendum quod ille qui facit aliquid sine voto habet immobilem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4075 voluntatem respectu illius operis singularis quod facit, et tunc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4076 quando facit, non autem manet voluntas eius omnino firmata in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4077 futurum, sicut voventis, qui suam voluntatem obligavit ad aliquid
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4078 faciendum et antequam faceret illud singulare opus, et fortasse ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4079 pluries faciendum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4080 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4081 <div class="E">Articulus 7</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4082 <p title="II-II q. 88 a. 7 arg. 1"><a name="42790"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4083 "ref">[42790] IIª-IIae q. 88 a. 7 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4084 septimum sic proceditur. Videtur quod votum non solemnizetur per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4085 susceptionem sacri ordinis, et per professionem ad certam regulam.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4086 Votum enim, ut dictum est, promissio Deo facta est. Ea vero quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4087 exterius aguntur ad solemnitatem pertinentia non videntur ordinari
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4088 ad Deum, sed ad homines. Ergo per accidens se habent ad votum. Non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4089 ergo solemnitas talis est propria conditio voti.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4090 <p title="II-II q. 88 a. 7 arg. 2"><a name="42791"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4091 "ref">[42791] IIª-IIae q. 88 a. 7 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4092 illud quod pertinet ad conditionem alicuius rei, videtur posse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4093 competere omnibus illis in quibus res illa invenitur. Sed multa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4094 possunt sub voto cadere quae non pertinent neque ad sacrum ordinem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4095 neque pertinent ad aliquam certam regulam, sicut cum quis vovet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4096 peregrinationem, aut aliquid huiusmodi. Ergo solemnitas quae fit in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4097 susceptione sacri ordinis vel in promissione certae regulae, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4098 pertinet ad conditionem voti.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4099 <p title="II-II q. 88 a. 7 arg. 3"><a name="42792"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4100 "ref">[42792] IIª-IIae q. 88 a. 7 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4101 votum solemne idem videtur esse quod votum publicum. Sed multa alia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4102 vota possunt fieri in publico quam votum quod emittitur in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4103 susceptione sacri ordinis vel professione certae regulae, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4104 huiusmodi etiam vota possunt fieri in occulto. Ergo non solum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4105 huiusmodi vota sunt solemnia.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4106 <p title="II-II q. 88 a. 7 s. c."><a name="42793"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4107 "ref">[42793] IIª-IIae q. 88 a. 7 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4108 est quod solum huiusmodi vota impediunt matrimonium contrahendum et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4109 dirimunt iam contractum; quod est effectus voti solemnis, ut infra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4110 dicetur in tertia huius operis parte.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4111 <p title="II-II q. 88 a. 7 co."><a name="42794"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4112 "ref">[42794] IIª-IIae q. 88 a. 7 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4113 dicendum quod unicuique rei solemnitas adhibetur secundum illius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4114 rei conditionem, sicut alia est solemnitas novae militiae, scilicet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4115 in quodam apparatu equorum et armorum et concursu militum; et alia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4116 solemnitas nuptiarum, quae consistit in apparatu sponsi et sponsae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4117 et conventu propinquorum. Votum autem est promissio Deo facta. Unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4118 solemnitas voti attenditur secundum aliquid spirituale, quod ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4119 Deum pertineat, idest secundum aliquam spiritualem benedictionem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4120 vel consecrationem, quae ex institutione apostolorum adhibetur in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4121 professione certae regulae, secundo gradu post sacri ordinis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4122 susceptionem, ut Dionysius dicit, VI cap. Eccles. Hier. Et huius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4123 ratio est quia solemnitates non consueverunt adhiberi nisi quando
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4124 aliquis totaliter mancipatur alicui rei, non enim solemnitas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4125 nuptialis adhibetur nisi in celebratione matrimonii, quando uterque
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4126 coniugum sui corporis potestatem alteri tradit. Et similiter voti
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4127 solemnitas adhibetur quando aliquis per susceptionem sacri ordinis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4128 divino ministerio applicatur; et in professione certae regulae,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4129 quando per abrenuntiationem saeculi et propriae voluntatis aliquis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4130 statum perfectionis assumit.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4131 <p title="II-II q. 88 a. 7 ad 1"><a name="42795"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4132 "ref">[42795] IIª-IIae q. 88 a. 7 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4133 ergo dicendum quod huiusmodi solemnitas pertinet non solum ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4134 homines, sed ad Deum, inquantum habet aliquam spiritualem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4135 consecrationem seu benedictionem, cuius Deus est auctor, etsi homo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4136 sit minister, secundum illud Num. VI, <i>invocabunt nomen meum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4137 super filios Israel, et ego benedicam eis</i>. Et ideo votum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4138 solemne habet fortiorem obligationem apud Deum quam votum simplex;
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4139 et gravius peccat qui illud transgreditur. Quod autem dicitur quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4140 votum simplex non minus obligat apud Deum quam solemne,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4141 intelligendum est quantum ad hoc quod utriusque transgressor peccat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4142 mortaliter.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4143 <p title="II-II q. 88 a. 7 ad 2"><a name="42796"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4144 "ref">[42796] IIª-IIae q. 88 a. 7 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4145 dicendum quod particularibus actibus non consuevit solemnitas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4146 adhiberi, sed assumptioni novi status, ut dictum est. Et ideo cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4147 quis vovet aliqua particularia opera, sicut aliquam peregrinationem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4148 vel aliquod speciale ieiunium, tali voto non congruit solemnitas,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4149 sed solum voto quo aliquis totaliter se subiicit divino ministerio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4150 seu famulatui; in quo tamen voto, quasi universali, multa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4151 particularia opera comprehenduntur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4152 <p title="II-II q. 88 a. 7 ad 3"><a name="42797"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4153 "ref">[42797] IIª-IIae q. 88 a. 7 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4154 dicendum quod vota ex hoc quod fiunt in publico possunt habere
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4155 quandam solemnitatem humanam, non autem solemnitatem spiritualem et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4156 divinam, sicut habent vota praemissa, etiam si coram paucis fiant.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4157 Unde aliud est votum esse publicum, et aliud esse solemne.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4158 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4159 <div class="E">Articulus 8</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4160 <p title="II-II q. 88 a. 8 arg. 1"><a name="42798"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4161 "ref">[42798] IIª-IIae q. 88 a. 8 arg. 1</span></a> Ad octavum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4162 sic proceditur. Videtur quod illi qui sunt alterius potestati
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4163 subiecti non impediantur a vovendo. Minus enim vinculum superatur a
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4164 maiori. Sed obligatio qua quis subiicitur homini est minus vinculum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4165 quam votum, per quod aliquis obligatur Deo. Ergo illi qui sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4166 alienae potestati subiecti non impediuntur a vovendo.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4167 <p title="II-II q. 88 a. 8 arg. 2"><a name="42799"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4168 "ref">[42799] IIª-IIae q. 88 a. 8 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4169 filii sunt in potestate patris. Sed filii possunt profiteri in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4170 aliqua religione etiam sine voluntate parentum. Ergo non impeditur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4171 aliquis a vovendo per hoc quod est subiectus potestati
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4172 alterius.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4173 <p title="II-II q. 88 a. 8 arg. 3"><a name="42800"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4174 "ref">[42800] IIª-IIae q. 88 a. 8 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4175 maius est facere quam promittere. Sed religiosi qui sunt sub
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4176 potestate praelatorum possunt aliqua facere sine licentia suorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4177 praelatorum, puta dicere aliquos Psalmos, vel facere aliquas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4178 abstinentias. Ergo videtur quod multo magis possunt huiusmodi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4179 vovendo Deo promittere.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4180 <p title="II-II q. 88 a. 8 arg. 4"><a name="42801"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4181 "ref">[42801] IIª-IIae q. 88 a. 8 arg. 4</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4182 quicumque facit quod de iure facere non potest, peccat. Sed subditi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4183 non peccant vovendo, quia hoc nunquam invenitur prohibitum. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4184 videtur quod de iure possunt vovere.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4185 <p title="II-II q. 88 a. 8 s. c."><a name="42802"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4186 "ref">[42802] IIª-IIae q. 88 a. 8 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4187 est quod Num. XXX mandatur quod, <i>si mulier in domo patris sui,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4188 et adhuc in puellari aetate, aliquid voverit</i>, non tenetur rea
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4189 voti nisi pater eius consenserit. Et idem dicit de muliere habente
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4190 virum. Ergo, pari ratione, nec aliae personae alterius potestati
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4191 subiectae possunt se voto obligare.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4192 <p title="II-II q. 88 a. 8 co."><a name="42803"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4193 "ref">[42803] IIª-IIae q. 88 a. 8 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4194 dicendum quod, sicut supra dictum est, votum est promissio quaedam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4195 Deo facta. Nullus autem potest per promissionem se firmiter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4196 obligare ad id quod est in potestate alterius, sed solum ad id quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4197 est omnino in sua potestate. Quicumque autem est subiectus alicui,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4198 quantum ad id in quo est subiectus, non est suae potestatis facere
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4199 quod vult, sed dependet ex voluntate alterius. Et ideo non potest
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4200 se per votum firmiter obligare, in his in quibus alteri subiicitur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4201 sine consensu sui superioris.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4202 <p title="II-II q. 88 a. 8 ad 1"><a name="42804"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4203 "ref">[42804] IIª-IIae q. 88 a. 8 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4204 ergo dicendum quod sub promissione Deo facta non cadit nisi quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4205 est virtuosum, ut supra dictum est. Est autem contra virtutem ut id
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4206 quod est alterius homo offerat Deo, ut supra dictum est. Et ideo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4207 non potest omnino salvari ratio voti, cum quis in potestate
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4208 constitutus vovet id quod est in potestate alterius, nisi sub
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4209 conditione si ille ad cuius potestatem pertinet non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4210 contradicat.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4211 <p title="II-II q. 88 a. 8 ad 2"><a name="42805"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4212 "ref">[42805] IIª-IIae q. 88 a. 8 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4213 dicendum quod ex quo homo venit ad annos pubertatis, si sit liberae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4214 conditionis, est suae potestatis quantum ad ea quae pertinent ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4215 suam personam, puta quod obliget se religioni per votum, vel quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4216 matrimonium contrahat. Non autem est suae potestatis quantum ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4217 dispensationem domesticam. Unde circa hoc non potest aliquid vovere
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4218 quod sit ratum, sine consensu patris. Servus autem, quia est in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4219 potestate domini etiam quantum ad personales operationes, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4220 potest se voto obligare ad religionem, per quam ab obsequio domini
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4221 sui abstraheretur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4222 <p title="II-II q. 88 a. 8 ad 3"><a name="42806"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4223 "ref">[42806] IIª-IIae q. 88 a. 8 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4224 dicendum quod religiosus subditus est praelato quantum ad suas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4225 operationes secundum professionem regulae. Et ideo etiam si aliquis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4226 ad horam aliquid facere possit quando ad alia non occupatur a
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4227 praelato, quia tamen nullum tempus est exceptum in quo praelatus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4228 non possit eum circa aliquid occupare, nullum votum religiosi est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4229 firmum nisi sit de consensu praelati. Sicut nec votum puellae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4230 existentis in domo, nisi sit de consensu patris, nec uxoris, nisi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4231 de consensu viri.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4232 <p title="II-II q. 88 a. 8 ad 4"><a name="42807"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4233 "ref">[42807] IIª-IIae q. 88 a. 8 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4234 dicendum quod licet votum eorum qui sunt alterius potestati
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4235 subiecti non sit firmum sine consensu eorum quibus subiiciuntur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4236 non tamen peccant vovendo, quia in eorum voto intelligitur debita
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4237 conditio, scilicet si suis superioribus placuerit, vel non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4238 renitantur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4239 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4240 <div class="E">Articulus 9</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4241 <p title="II-II q. 88 a. 9 arg. 1"><a name="42808"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4242 "ref">[42808] IIª-IIae q. 88 a. 9 arg. 1</span></a> Ad nonum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4243 sic proceditur. Videtur quod pueri non possint voto se obligare ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4244 religionis ingressum. Cum enim ad votum requiratur animi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4245 deliberatio, non competit vovere nisi illis qui habent usum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4246 rationis. Sed hoc deficit in pueris, sicut et in amentibus vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4247 furiosis. Sicut ergo amentes et furiosi non possunt se ad aliquid
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4248 voto adstringere, ita etiam nec pueri, ut videtur, possunt se voto
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4249 obligare religioni.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4250 <p title="II-II q. 88 a. 9 arg. 2"><a name="42809"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4251 "ref">[42809] IIª-IIae q. 88 a. 9 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4252 illud quod rite potest ab aliquo fieri, non potest ab alio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4253 irritari. Sed votum religionis a puero vel puella factum ante annos
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4254 pubertatis potest a parentibus revocari, vel a tutore, ut habetur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4255 XX, qu. II, cap. puella. Ergo videtur quod puer vel puella, ante
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4256 quatuordecim annos, non possit rite vovere.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4257 <p title="II-II q. 88 a. 9 arg. 3"><a name="42810"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4258 "ref">[42810] IIª-IIae q. 88 a. 9 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4259 religionem intrantibus annus probationis conceditur, secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4260 regulam beati Benedicti et secundum statutum Innocentii IV, ad hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4261 quod probatio obligationem voti praecedat. Ergo illicitum videtur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4262 esse quod pueri voto obligentur ad religionem ante probationis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4263 annum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4264 <p title="II-II q. 88 a. 9 s. c."><a name="42811"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4265 "ref">[42811] IIª-IIae q. 88 a. 9 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4266 illud quod non est rite factum non est validum, etiam si a nullo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4267 revocetur. Sed votum puellae, etiam ante annos pubertatis emissum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4268 validum est si infra annum a parentibus non revocetur, ut habetur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4269 XX, qu. II, cap. puella. Ergo licite et rite possunt pueri voto
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4270 obligari ad religionem, etiam ante annos pubertatis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4271 <p title="II-II q. 88 a. 9 co."><a name="42812"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4272 "ref">[42812] IIª-IIae q. 88 a. 9 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4273 dicendum quod, sicut ex praedictis patet, duplex est votum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4274 scilicet simplex, et solemne. Et quia solemnitas voti in quadam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4275 spirituali benedictione et consecratione consistit, ut dictum est,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4276 quae fit per ministerium Ecclesiae; ideo solemnizatio voti sub
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4277 dispensatione Ecclesiae cadit. Votum autem simplex efficaciam habet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4278 ex deliberatione animi, qua quis se obligare intendit. Quod autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4279 talis obligatio robur non habeat, dupliciter potest contingere. Uno
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4280 quidem modo, propter defectum rationis, sicut patet in furiosis et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4281 amentibus, qui se voto non possunt obligare ad aliquid, dum sunt in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4282 furia vel amentia. Alio modo, quia ille qui vovet est alterius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4283 potestati subiectus, ut supra dictum est. Et ista duo concurrunt in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4284 pueris ante annos pubertatis, quia et patiuntur rationis defectum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4285 ut in pluribus; et sunt naturaliter sub cura parentum, vel tutorum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4286 qui sunt eis loco parentum. Et ideo eorum vota ex duplici causa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4287 robur non habent. Contingit tamen, propter naturae dispositionem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4288 quae legibus humanis non subditur, in aliquibus, licet paucis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4289 accelerari rationis usum, qui ob hoc dicuntur doli capaces. Nec
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4290 tamen propter hoc in aliquo eximuntur a cura parentum, quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4291 subiacet legi humanae respicienti ad id quod frequentius accidit.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4292 Est ergo dicendum quod si puer vel puella, ante pubertatis annos,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4293 nondum habeat usum rationis, nullo modo potest se ad aliquid voto
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4294 obligare. Si vero ante annos pubertatis attigerit usum rationis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4295 potest quidem, quantum in ipso est, se obligare, sed votum eius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4296 potest irritari per parentes, quorum curae remanet adhuc subiectus.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4297 Quantumcumque tamen sit doli capax, ante annos pubertatis non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4298 potest obligari voto solemni religionis, propter Ecclesiae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4299 statutum, quod respicit id quod in pluribus accidit. Post annos
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4300 autem pubertatis, possunt iam se voto religionis obligare, vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4301 simplici vel solemni, absque voluntate parentum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4302 <p title="II-II q. 88 a. 9 ad 1"><a name="42813"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4303 "ref">[42813] IIª-IIae q. 88 a. 9 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4304 ergo dicendum quod ratio illa procedit de pueris qui nondum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4305 attigerunt usum rationis, quorum vota sunt invalida, ut dictum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4306 est.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4307 <p title="II-II q. 88 a. 9 ad 2"><a name="42814"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4308 "ref">[42814] IIª-IIae q. 88 a. 9 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4309 dicendum quod vota eorum qui sunt in potestate aliorum habent
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4310 conditionem implicitam, scilicet si non revocentur a superiori, ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4311 qua licita redduntur, et valida si conditio extat, ut dictum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4312 est.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4313 <p title="II-II q. 88 a. 9 ad 3"><a name="42815"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4314 "ref">[42815] IIª-IIae q. 88 a. 9 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4315 dicendum quod ratio illa procedit de voto solemni quod fit per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4316 professionem.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4317 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4318 <div class="E">Articulus 10</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4319 <p title="II-II q. 88 a. 10 arg. 1"><a name="42816"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4320 "ref">[42816] IIª-IIae q. 88 a. 10 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4321 decimum sic proceditur. Videtur quod in voto dispensari non possit.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4322 Minus enim est commutari votum quam in eo dispensari. Sed votum non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4323 potest commutari, dicitur enim Levit. XXVII, <i>animal quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4324 immolari potest domino, si quis voverit, sanctum erit, et mutari
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4325 non poterit, nec melius malo nec peius bono</i>. Ergo multo minus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4326 potest dispensari in voto.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4327 <p title="II-II q. 88 a. 10 arg. 2"><a name="42817"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4328 "ref">[42817] IIª-IIae q. 88 a. 10 arg. 2</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4329 Praeterea, in his quae sunt de lege naturae et in praeceptis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4330 divinis non potest per hominem dispensari, et praecipue in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4331 praeceptis primae tabulae, quae ordinantur directe ad dilectionem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4332 Dei, quae est ultimus praeceptorum finis. Sed implere votum est de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4333 lege naturae; et est etiam praeceptum legis divinae, ut ex supra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4334 dictis patet; et pertinet ad praecepta primae tabulae, cum sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4335 actus latriae. Ergo in voto dispensari non potest.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4336 <p title="II-II q. 88 a. 10 arg. 3"><a name="42818"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4337 "ref">[42818] IIª-IIae q. 88 a. 10 arg. 3</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4338 Praeterea, obligatio voti fundatur super fidelitatem quam homo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4339 debet Deo, ut dictum est. Sed in hac nullus potest dispensare. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4340 nec in voto.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4341 <p title="II-II q. 88 a. 10 s. c."><a name="42819"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4342 "ref">[42819] IIª-IIae q. 88 a. 10 s. c.</span></a> Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4343 contra, maioris firmitatis esse videtur quod procedit ex communi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4344 voluntate quam quod procedit ex singulari voluntate alicuius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4345 personae. Sed in lege, quae habet robur ex communi voluntate,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4346 potest per hominem dispensari. Ergo videtur quod etiam in voto per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4347 hominem dispensari possit.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4348 <p title="II-II q. 88 a. 10 co."><a name="42820"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4349 "ref">[42820] IIª-IIae q. 88 a. 10 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4350 dicendum quod dispensatio voti intelligenda est ad modum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4351 dispensationis quae fit in observantia alicuius legis. Quia, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4352 supra dictum est, lex ponitur respiciendo ad id quod est ut in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4353 pluribus bonum, sed quia contingit huiusmodi in aliquo casu non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4354 esse bonum, oportuit per aliquem determinari in illo particulari
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4355 casu legem non esse servandam. Et hoc proprie est dispensare in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4356 lege, nam dispensatio videtur importare commensuratam quandam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4357 distributionem vel applicationem communis alicuius ad ea quae sub
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4358 ipso continentur, per quem modum dicitur aliquis dispensare cibum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4359 familiae. Similiter autem ille qui vovet quodammodo sibi statuit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4360 legem, obligans se ad aliquid quod est secundum se et in pluribus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4361 bonum. Potest tamen contingere quod in aliquo casu sit vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4362 simpliciter malum, vel inutile, vel maioris boni impeditivum, quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4363 est contra rationem eius quod cadit sub voto, ut ex praedictis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4364 patet. Et ideo necesse est quod determinetur in tali casu votum non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4365 esse servandum. Et si quidem absolute determinetur aliquod votum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4366 non esse servandum, dicitur esse dispensatio voti. Si autem pro hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4367 quod servandum erat aliquid aliud imponatur, dicitur commutatio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4368 voti. Unde minus est votum commutare quam in voto dispensare.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4369 Utrumque tamen in potestate Ecclesiae consistit.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4370 <p title="II-II q. 88 a. 10 ad 1"><a name="42821"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4371 "ref">[42821] IIª-IIae q. 88 a. 10 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4372 ergo dicendum quod animal quod immolari poterat, ex hoc ipso quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4373 vovebatur, sanctum reputabatur, quasi divino cultui mancipatum, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4374 haec erat ratio quare non poterat commutari; sicut nec modo posset
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4375 aliquis rem quam vovit, iam consecratam, puta calicem vel domum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4376 commutare in melius vel in peius. Animal autem quod non poterat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4377 sanctificari quia non erat immolatitium, redimi poterat et debebat,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4378 sicut ibidem lex dicit. Et ita etiam nunc commutari possunt vota si
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4379 consecratio non interveniat.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4380 <p title="II-II q. 88 a. 10 ad 2"><a name="42822"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4381 "ref">[42822] IIª-IIae q. 88 a. 10 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4382 dicendum quod sicut ex iure naturali et praecepto divino tenetur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4383 homo implere votum, ita etiam tenetur ex eisdem obedire superiorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4384 legi vel mandato. Et tamen cum dispensatur in aliqua lege humana,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4385 non fit ut legi humanae non obediatur, quod est contra legem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4386 naturae et mandatum divinum, sed fit ut hoc quod erat lex, non sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4387 lex in hoc casu. Ita etiam auctoritate superioris dispensantis fit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4388 ut hoc quod continebatur sub voto, non contineatur, inquantum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4389 determinatur in hoc casu hoc non esse congruam materiam voti. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4390 ideo cum praelatus Ecclesiae dispensat in voto, non dispensat in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4391 praecepto iuris naturalis vel divini, sed determinat id quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4392 cadebat sub obligatione deliberationis humanae, quae non potuit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4393 omnia circumspicere.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4394 <p title="II-II q. 88 a. 10 ad 3"><a name="42823"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4395 "ref">[42823] IIª-IIae q. 88 a. 10 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4396 dicendum quod ad fidelitatem Deo debitam non pertinet quod homo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4397 faciat id quod ad vovendum est malum, vel inutile, vel maioris boni
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4398 impeditivum, ad quod tendit voti dispensatio. Et ideo dispensatio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4399 voti non est contra fidelitatem Deo debitam.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4400 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4401 <div class="E">Articulus 11</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4402 <p title="II-II q. 88 a. 11 arg. 1"><a name="42824"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4403 "ref">[42824] IIª-IIae q. 88 a. 11 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4404 undecimum sic proceditur. Videtur quod in voto solemni continentiae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4405 possit fieri dispensatio. Una enim ratio dispensandi in voto est si
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4406 sit impeditivum melioris boni, sicut dictum est. Sed votum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4407 continentiae, etiam si sit solemne, potest esse impeditivum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4408 melioris boni, nam bonum commune est divinius quam bonum unius;
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4409 potest autem per continentiam alicuius impediri bonum totius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4410 multitudinis, puta si quando per contractum matrimonii aliquarum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4411 personarum quae continentiam voverunt, posset pax patriae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4412 procurari. Ergo videtur quod in solemni voto continentiae possit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4413 dispensari.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4414 <p title="II-II q. 88 a. 11 arg. 2"><a name="42825"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4415 "ref">[42825] IIª-IIae q. 88 a. 11 arg. 2</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4416 Praeterea, latria est nobilior virtus quam castitas. Sed si quis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4417 voveat aliquem actum latriae, puta offerre Deo sacrificium, potest
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4418 in illo voto dispensari. Ergo multo magis potest dispensari in voto
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4419 continentiae, quod est de actu castitatis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4420 <p title="II-II q. 88 a. 11 arg. 3"><a name="42826"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4421 "ref">[42826] IIª-IIae q. 88 a. 11 arg. 3</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4422 Praeterea, sicut votum abstinentiae observatum potest vergere in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4423 periculum personae, ita etiam observatio voti continentiae. Sed in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4424 voto abstinentiae, si vergat in corporale periculum voventis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4425 potest fieri dispensatio. Ergo etiam, pari ratione, in voto
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4426 continentiae potest dispensari.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4427 <p title="II-II q. 88 a. 11 arg. 4"><a name="42827"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4428 "ref">[42827] IIª-IIae q. 88 a. 11 arg. 4</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4429 Praeterea, sicut sub professione religionis, ex qua votum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4430 solemnizatur, continetur votum continentiae, ita etiam et votum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4431 paupertatis et obedientiae. Sed in voto paupertatis et obedientiae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4432 potest dispensari, sicut patet in illis qui post professionem ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4433 episcopatum assumuntur. Ergo videtur quod in solemni voto
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4434 continentiae possit dispensari.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4435 <p title="II-II q. 88 a. 11 s. c. 1"><a name="42828"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4436 "ref">[42828] IIª-IIae q. 88 a. 11 s. c. 1</span></a> Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4437 contra est quod dicitur Eccli. XXVI, <i>omnis ponderatio non est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4438 digna animae continentis</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4439 <p title="II-II q. 88 a. 11 s. c. 2"><a name="42829"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4440 "ref">[42829] IIª-IIae q. 88 a. 11 s. c. 2</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4441 Praeterea, extra, de statu Monach., in fine illius decretalis, cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4442 ad monasterium, dicitur, abdicatio proprietatis, <i>sicut etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4443 custodia castitatis, adeo est annexa regulae monachali ut contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4444 eam nec summus pontifex possit indulgere</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4445 <p title="II-II q. 88 a. 11 co."><a name="42830"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4446 "ref">[42830] IIª-IIae q. 88 a. 11 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4447 dicendum quod in solemni voto continentiae tria possunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4448 considerari, primo quidem, materia voti, scilicet ipsa continentia;
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4449 secundo, perpetuitas voti, cum scilicet aliquis voto se adstringit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4450 ad perpetuam observantiam continentiae; tertio, ipsa solemnitas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4451 voti. Dicunt ergo quidam quod votum solemne est indispensabile
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4452 ratione ipsius continentiae, quae non recipit condignam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4453 recompensationem, ut patet ex auctoritate inducta. Cuius rationem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4454 quidam assignant quia per continentiam homo triumphat de domestico
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4455 inimico, vel quia per continentiam homo perfecte conformatur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4456 Christo, secundum puritatem animae et corporis. Sed hoc non videtur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4457 efficaciter dici. Quia bona animae, utpote contemplatio et oratio,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4458 sunt multo meliora bonis corporis, et magis nos Deo conformant, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4459 tamen potest dispensari in voto orationis vel contemplationis. Unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4460 non videtur esse ratio quare non possit dispensari in voto
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4461 continentiae, si respiciatur absolute ad ipsam continentiae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4462 dignitatem. Praesertim cum apostolus, I ad Cor. VII, ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4463 continentiam inducat propter contemplationem, dicens quod mulier
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4464 innupta cogitat quae Dei sunt, finis autem potior est his quae sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4465 ad finem. Et ideo alii rationem huius assignant ex perpetuitate et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4466 universalitate huius voti. Dicunt enim quod votum continentiae non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4467 potest praetermitti nisi per id quod est omnino contrarium, quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4468 nunquam licet in aliquo voto. Sed hoc est manifeste falsum. Quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4469 sicut uti carnali copula est continentiae contrarium, ita comedere
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4470 carnes vel bibere vinum est contrarium abstinentiae a talibus, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4471 tamen in huiusmodi votis potest dispensari. Et ideo aliis videtur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4472 quod in voto solemni continentiae possit dispensari propter aliquam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4473 communem utilitatem seu necessitatem, ut patet in exemplo praemisso
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4474 de pacificatione terrarum ex aliquo matrimonio contrahendo. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4475 quia decretalis inducta expresse dicit quod nec summus pontifex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4476 potest contra custodiam castitatis monacho licentiam dare, ideo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4477 aliter videtur dicendum, quod, sicut supra dictum est, et habetur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4478 Levit. ult., illud quod semel sanctificatum est domino, non potest
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4479 in alios usus commutari. Non autem potest facere aliquis Ecclesiae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4480 praelatus ut id quod est sanctificatum sanctificationem amittat,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4481 etiam in rebus inanimatis, puta quod calix consecratus desinat esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4482 consecratus, si maneat integer. Unde multo minus hoc potest facere
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4483 aliquis praelatus, ut homo Deo consecratus, quandiu vivit,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4484 consecratus esse desistat. Solemnitas autem voti consistit in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4485 quadam consecratione seu benedictione voventis, ut dictum est. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4486 ideo non potest fieri per aliquem praelatum Ecclesiae quod ille qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4487 votum solemne emisit desistat ab eo ad quod est consecratus, puta
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4488 quod ille qui est sacerdos non sit sacerdos, licet possit praelatus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4489 ob aliquam causam executionem ordinis inhibere. Et simili ratione,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4490 Papa non potest facere quod ille qui est professus religionem non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4491 sit religiosus, licet quidam iuristae ignoranter contrarium dicant.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4492 Est ergo considerandum utrum continentia sit essentialiter annexa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4493 ei ad quod votum solemnizatur, quia si non est ei essentialiter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4494 annexa, potest manere solemnitas consecrationis sine debito
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4495 continentiae; quod non potest contingere si sit essentialiter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4496 annexum ei ad quod votum solemnizatur. Non est autem essentialiter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4497 annexum debitum continentiae ordini sacro, sed ex statuto
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4498 Ecclesiae. Unde videtur quod per Ecclesiam possit dispensari in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4499 voto continentiae solemnizato per susceptionem sacri ordinis. Est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4500 autem debitum continentiae essentiale statui religionis, per quem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4501 homo abrenuntiat saeculo, totaliter Dei servitio mancipatus; quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4502 non potest simul stare cum matrimonio, in quo incumbit necessitas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4503 procurandae uxoris et prolis et familiae, et rerum quae ad hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4504 requiruntur. Unde apostolus dicit, I ad Cor. VII, quod <i>qui est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4505 cum uxore sollicitus est quae sunt mundi, quomodo placeat uxori, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4506 divisus est</i>. Unde nomen monachi ab unitate sumitur, per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4507 oppositum ad divisionem praedictam. Et ideo in voto solemnizato per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4508 professionem religionis non potest per Ecclesiam dispensari, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4509 rationem assignat decretalis, quia castitas est annexa regulae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4510 monachali.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4511 <p title="II-II q. 88 a. 11 ad 1"><a name="42831"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4512 "ref">[42831] IIª-IIae q. 88 a. 11 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4513 ergo dicendum quod periculis rerum humanarum est obviandum per res
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4514 humanas, non autem per hoc quod res divinae convertantur in usum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4515 humanum. Professi autem religionem mortui sunt mundo et vivunt Deo.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4516 Unde non sunt revocandi ad vitam humanam occasione cuiuscumque
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4517 eventus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4518 <p title="II-II q. 88 a. 11 ad 2"><a name="42832"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4519 "ref">[42832] IIª-IIae q. 88 a. 11 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4520 dicendum quod in voto temporalis continentiae dispensari potest,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4521 sicut et in voto temporalis orationis vel temporalis abstinentiae.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4522 Sed quod in voto continentiae per professionem solemnizato non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4523 possit dispensari, hoc non est inquantum est actus castitatis, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4524 inquantum incipit ad latriam pertinere per professionem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4525 religionis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4526 <p title="II-II q. 88 a. 11 ad 3"><a name="42833"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4527 "ref">[42833] IIª-IIae q. 88 a. 11 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4528 dicendum quod cibus directe ordinatur ad conservationem personae,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4529 et ideo abstinentia cibi directe potest vergere in periculum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4530 personae. Unde ex hac ratione recipit votum abstinentiae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4531 dispensationem. Sed coitus non ordinatur directe ad conservationem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4532 personae, sed ad conservationem speciei. Unde nec directe
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4533 abstinentia coitus per continentiam vergit in periculum personae.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4534 Sed si per accidens ex ea aliquod periculum personale accidat,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4535 potest aliter subveniri, scilicet per abstinentiam, vel alia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4536 corporalia remedia.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4537 <p title="II-II q. 88 a. 11 ad 4"><a name="42834"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4538 "ref">[42834] IIª-IIae q. 88 a. 11 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4539 dicendum quod religiosus qui fit episcopus, sicut non absolvitur a
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4540 voto continentiae, ita nec a voto paupertatis, quia nihil debet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4541 habere tanquam proprium, sed sicut dispensator communium bonorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4542 Ecclesiae. Similiter etiam non absolvitur a voto obedientiae, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4543 per accidens obedire non tenetur, si superiorem non habeat, sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4544 et abbas monasterii, qui tamen non est a voto obedientiae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4545 absolutus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4546 <p title="II-II q. 88 a. 11 ad 5"><a name="42835"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4547 "ref">[42835] IIª-IIae q. 88 a. 11 ad 5</span></a> Auctoritas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4548 vero Ecclesiastici quae in contrarium obiicitur, intelligenda est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4549 quantum ad hoc quod nec fecunditas carnis, nec aliquod corporale
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4550 bonum est comparandum continentiae, quae inter bona animae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4551 computatur, ut Augustinus dicit, in libro de sancta virginitate.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4552 Unde signanter dicitur, animae continentis, non, carnis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4553 continentis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4554 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4555 <div class="E">Articulus 12</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4556 <p title="II-II q. 88 a. 12 arg. 1"><a name="42836"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4557 "ref">[42836] IIª-IIae q. 88 a. 12 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4558 duodecimum sic proceditur. Videtur quod ad commutationem vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4559 dispensationem voti non requiratur praelati auctoritas. Aliquis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4560 enim potest intrare religionem absque auctoritate alicuius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4561 superioris praelati. Sed per introitum religionis absolvitur homo a
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4562 votis in saeculo factis, etiam a voto terrae sanctae. Ergo voti
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4563 commutatio vel dispensatio potest esse absque auctoritate
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4564 superioris praelati.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4565 <p title="II-II q. 88 a. 12 arg. 2"><a name="42837"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4566 "ref">[42837] IIª-IIae q. 88 a. 12 arg. 2</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4567 Praeterea, dispensatio voti in hoc consistere videtur quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4568 determinatur in quo casu votum non sit observandum. Sed si
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4569 praelatus male determinet, non videtur esse vovens absolutus a
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4570 voto, quia nullus praelatus potest dispensare contra praeceptum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4571 divinum de implendo voto, ut dictum est. Similiter etiam si aliquis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4572 propria auctoritate recte determinet in quo casu votum non sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4573 implendum, non videtur voto teneri, quia votum non obligat in casu
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4574 in quo habet peiorem eventum, ut dictum est. Ergo dispensatio voti
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4575 non requirit auctoritatem alicuius praelati.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4576 <p title="II-II q. 88 a. 12 arg. 3"><a name="42838"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4577 "ref">[42838] IIª-IIae q. 88 a. 12 arg. 3</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4578 Praeterea, si dispensare in voto pertinet ad potestatem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4579 praelatorum, pari ratione pertineret ad omnes. Sed non pertinet ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4580 omnes dispensare in quolibet voto. Ergo non pertinet ad potestatem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4581 praelatorum dispensatio voti.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4582 <p title="II-II q. 88 a. 12 s. c."><a name="42839"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4583 "ref">[42839] IIª-IIae q. 88 a. 12 s. c.</span></a> Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4584 contra, sicut lex obligat ad aliquid faciendum, ita et votum. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4585 ad dispensandum in praecepto legis requiritur superioris
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4586 auctoritas, ut supra dictum est. Ergo, pari ratione, etiam in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4587 dispensatione voti.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4588 <p title="II-II q. 88 a. 12 co."><a name="42840"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4589 "ref">[42840] IIª-IIae q. 88 a. 12 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4590 dicendum quod, sicut supra dictum est, votum est promissio Deo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4591 facta de aliquo quod sit Deo acceptum. Quid sit autem in aliqua
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4592 promissione acceptum ei cui promittitur, ex eius pendet arbitrio.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4593 Praelatus autem in Ecclesia gerit vicem Dei. Et ideo in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4594 commutatione vel dispensatione votorum requiritur praelati
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4595 auctoritas, quae in persona Dei determinat quid sit Deo acceptum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4596 secundum illud II ad Cor. II, <i>nam et ego propter vos donavi in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4597 persona Christi</i>. Et signanter dicit, propter vos, quia omnis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4598 dispensatio petita a praelato debet fieri ad honorem Christi, in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4599 cuius persona dispensat; vel ad utilitatem Ecclesiae, quae est eius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4600 corpus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4601 <p title="II-II q. 88 a. 12 ad 1"><a name="42841"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4602 "ref">[42841] IIª-IIae q. 88 a. 12 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4603 ergo dicendum quod omnia alia vota sunt quorundam particularium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4604 operum, sed per religionem homo totam vitam suam Dei obsequio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4605 deputat. Particulare autem in universali includitur. Et ideo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4606 decretalis dicit quod <i>reus fracti voti non habetur qui temporale
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4607 obsequium in perpetuam religionis observantiam commutat</i>. Nec
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4608 tamen in religionem ingrediens tenetur implere vota vel ieiuniorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4609 vel orationum vel aliorum huiusmodi, quae existens in saeculo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4610 fecit, quia religionem ingrediens moritur priori vitae; et etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4611 singulares observantiae religioni non competunt; et religionis onus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4612 satis hominem onerat, ut alia superaddere non oporteat.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4613 <p title="II-II q. 88 a. 12 ad 2"><a name="42842"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4614 "ref">[42842] IIª-IIae q. 88 a. 12 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4615 dicendum quod quidam dixerunt quod praelati possunt in votis pro
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4616 libito dispensare, quia in quolibet voto includitur conditionaliter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4617 voluntas praelati superioris, sicut supra dictum est quod in votis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4618 subditorum, puta servi vel filii, intelligitur conditio, si
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4619 placuerit patri vel domino, vel, si non renitantur. Et sic subditus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4620 absque omni remorsu conscientiae posset votum praetermittere,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4621 quandocumque sibi a praelato diceretur. Sed praedicta positio falso
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4622 innititur. Quia cum potestas praelati spiritualis, qui non est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4623 dominus sed dispensator, sit <i>in aedificationem data, et non in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4624 destructionem</i>, ut patet II ad Cor. X; sicut praelatus non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4625 potest imperare ea quae secundum se Deo displicent, scilicet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4626 peccata, ita non potest prohibere ea quae secundum se Deo placent,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4627 scilicet virtutis opera. Et ideo absolute potest homo ea vovere. Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4628 praelatum tamen pertinet diiudicare quid sit magis virtuosum et Deo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4629 magis acceptum. Et ideo in manifestis dispensatio praelati non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4630 excusaret a culpa, puta si praelatus dispensaret cum aliquo super
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4631 voto de ingressu religionis, nulla apparenti causa obstante. Si
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4632 autem esset causa apparens, per quam saltem in dubium verteretur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4633 posset stare iudicio praelati dispensantis vel commutantis. Non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4634 tamen iudicio proprio, quia ipse non gerit vicem Dei, nisi forte in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4635 casu in quo id quod vovit esset manifeste illicitum, et non posset
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4636 opportune ad superiorem recurrere.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4637 <p title="II-II q. 88 a. 12 ad 3"><a name="42843"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4638 "ref">[42843] IIª-IIae q. 88 a. 12 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4639 dicendum quod quia summus pontifex gerit plenarie vicem Christi in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4640 tota Ecclesia, ipse habet plenitudinem potestatis dispensandi in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4641 omnibus dispensabilibus votis. Aliis autem inferioribus praelatis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4642 committitur dispensatio in votis quae communiter fiunt et indigent
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4643 frequenti dispensatione, ut habeant de facili homines ad quem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4644 recurrant, sicut sunt vota peregrinationum et ieiuniorum et aliorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4645 huiusmodi. Vota vero maiora, puta continentiae et peregrinationis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4646 terrae sanctae, reservantur summo pontifici.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4647 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4648 <div class="D">Quaestio 89</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4649 <div class="G">Prooemium</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4650 <p title="II-II q. 89 pr."><a name="42844"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4651 "ref">[42844] IIª-IIae q. 89 pr.</span></a> Deinde
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4652 considerandum est de actibus exterioribus latriae quibus aliquid
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4653 divinum ab hominibus assumitur, quod est vel sacramentum aliquod,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4654 vel ipsum nomen divinum. Sed de sacramenti assumptione locus erit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4655 tractandi in tertia huius operis parte. De assumptione autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4656 nominis divini nunc agendum est. Assumitur autem divinum nomen ab
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4657 homine tripliciter, uno modo, per modum iuramenti, ad propria verba
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4658 confirmanda; alio modo, per modum adiurationis, ad alios
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4659 inducendum; tertio modo, per modum invocationis, ad orandum vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4660 laudandum. Primo ergo de iuramento agendum est. Circa quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4661 quaeruntur decem. Primo, quid sit iuramentum. Secundo, utrum sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4662 licitum. Tertio, qui sint comites iuramenti. Quarto, cuius virtutis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4663 sit actus. Quinto, utrum sit appetendum et frequentandum, tanquam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4664 utile et bonum. Sexto, utrum liceat iurare per creaturam. Septimo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4665 utrum iuramentum sit obligatorium. Octavo, quae sit maior
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4666 obligatio, utrum iuramenti vel voti. Nono, utrum in iuramento
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4667 possit dispensari. Decimo, quibus et quando liceat iurare.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4668 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4669 <div class="E">Articulus 1</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4670 <p title="II-II q. 89 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="42845"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4671 "ref">[42845] IIª-IIae q. 89 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4672 sic proceditur. Videtur quod iurare non sit testem Deum invocare.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4673 Quicumque enim inducit auctoritatem sacrae Scripturae inducit Deum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4674 in testimonium, cuius verba proponuntur in sacra Scriptura. Si ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4675 iurare est testem Deum invocare, quicumque inducit auctoritatem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4676 sacrae Scripturae iuraret. Hoc autem est falsum. Ergo et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4677 primum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4678 <p title="II-II q. 89 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="42846"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4679 "ref">[42846] IIª-IIae q. 89 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4680 ex hoc quod aliquis inducit aliquem in testem, nihil ei reddit. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4681 ille qui per Deum iurat aliquid Deo reddit, dicitur enim Matth. V,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4682 <i>reddes domino iuramenta tua</i>; et Augustinus dicit quod iurare
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4683 est ius veritatis Deo reddere. Ergo iurare non est Deum testem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4684 invocare.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4685 <p title="II-II q. 89 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="42847"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4686 "ref">[42847] IIª-IIae q. 89 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4687 aliud est officium iudicis, et aliud testis, ut ex supradictis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4688 patet. Sed quandoque iurando implorat homo divinum iudicium,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4689 secundum illud Psalm., <i>si reddidi retribuentibus mihi mala,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4690 decidam merito ab inimicis meis inanis</i>. Ergo iurare non est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4691 testem Deum invocare.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4692 <p title="II-II q. 89 a. 1 s. c."><a name="42848"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4693 "ref">[42848] IIª-IIae q. 89 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4694 est quod Augustinus dicit, in quodam sermone de periurio, <i>quid
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4695 est, per Deum, nisi, testis est Deus?</i></p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4696 <p title="II-II q. 89 a. 1 co."><a name="42849"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4697 "ref">[42849] IIª-IIae q. 89 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4698 dicendum quod, sicut apostolus dicit, ad Heb. VI, iuramentum ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4699 confirmationem ordinatur. Confirmatio autem in scibilibus per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4700 rationem fit, quae procedit ex aliquibus naturaliter notis, quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4701 sunt infallibiliter vera. Sed particularia facta contingentia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4702 hominum non possunt per rationem necessariam confirmari. Et ideo ea
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4703 quae de his dicuntur solent confirmari per testes. Sed humanum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4704 testimonium non est sufficiens ad huiusmodi confirmandum, propter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4705 duo. Primo quidem, propter defectum veritatis humanae, quia plurimi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4706 in mendacium labuntur, secundum illud Psalm., <i>os eorum locutum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4707 est mendacium</i>. Secundo, propter defectum cognitionis, quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4708 homines non possunt cognoscere neque futura, neque cordium occulta,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4709 vel etiam absentia; de quibus tamen homines loquuntur, et expedit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4710 rebus humanis ut certitudo aliqua de his habeatur. Et ideo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4711 necessarium fuit recurrere ad divinum testimonium, quia Deus neque
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4712 mentiri potest, neque eum aliquid latet. Assumere autem Deum in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4713 testem dicitur iurare, quia quasi pro iure introductum est ut quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4714 sub invocatione divini testimonii dicitur pro vero habeatur.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4715 Divinum autem testimonium quandoque inducitur ad asserendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4716 praesentia vel praeterita, et hoc dicitur iuramentum assertorium.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4717 Quandoque autem inducitur divinum testimonium ad confirmandum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4718 aliquid futurum, et hoc dicitur iuramentum promissorium. Ad ea vero
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4719 quae sunt necessaria et per rationem investiganda non inducitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4720 iuramentum, derisibile enim videretur si quis in disputatione
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4721 alicuius scientiae vellet propositum per iuramentum probare.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4722 <p title="II-II q. 89 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="42850"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4723 "ref">[42850] IIª-IIae q. 89 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4724 ergo dicendum quod aliud est testimonio Dei uti iam dato, quod fit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4725 cum aliquis auctoritatem sacrae Scripturae inducit, et aliud est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4726 testimonium Dei implorare ut exhibendum, quod fit in iuramento.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4727 <p title="II-II q. 89 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="42851"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4728 "ref">[42851] IIª-IIae q. 89 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4729 dicendum quod dicitur aliquis reddere iuramenta Deo ex hoc quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4730 implet illud quod iurat. Vel quia in hoc ipso quod invocat Deum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4731 testem, recognoscit eum habere omnium cognitionem et infallibilem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4732 veritatem.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4733 <p title="II-II q. 89 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="42852"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4734 "ref">[42852] IIª-IIae q. 89 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4735 dicendum quod alicuius testimonium invocatur ad hoc quod testis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4736 invocatus veritatem manifestet circa ea quae dicuntur. Deus autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4737 manifestat an verum sit quod dicitur, dupliciter. Uno modo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4738 simpliciter revelando veritatem, vel per internam inspirationem;
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4739 vel etiam per facti denudationem, dum scilicet producit in publicum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4740 ea quae erant occulta. Alio modo, per poenam mentientis, et tunc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4741 simul est iudex et testis, dum puniendo mendacem manifestat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4742 mendacium. Et ideo duplex est modus iurandi. Unus quidem per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4743 simplicem Dei contestationem, sicut cum aliquis dicit, est mihi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4744 Deus testis; vel, coram Deo loquor; vel, per Deum, quod idem est,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4745 ut dicit Augustinus. Alius modus iurandi est per execrationem, dum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4746 scilicet aliquis se, vel aliquid ad se pertinens, ad poenam obligat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4747 nisi sit verum quod dicitur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4748 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4749 <div class="E">Articulus 2</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4750 <p title="II-II q. 89 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="42853"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4751 "ref">[42853] IIª-IIae q. 89 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4752 secundum sic proceditur. Videtur quod non sit licitum iurare. Nihil
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4753 enim quod prohibetur in lege divina est licitum. Sed iuramentum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4754 prohibetur Matth. V, <i>ego dico vobis, non iurare omnino</i>, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4755 Iac. V dicitur, <i>ante omnia, fratres mei, nolite iurare</i>. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4756 iuramentum est illicitum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4757 <p title="II-II q. 89 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="42854"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4758 "ref">[42854] IIª-IIae q. 89 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4759 id quod est a malo videtur esse illicitum, quia, ut dicitur Matth.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4760 VII, non potest arbor mala fructus bonos facere. Sed iuramentum est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4761 a malo, dicitur enim Matth. V, <i>sit autem sermo vester, est, est;
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4762 non, non. Quod autem his abundantius est a malo est</i>. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4763 iuramentum videtur esse illicitum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4764 <p title="II-II q. 89 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="42855"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4765 "ref">[42855] IIª-IIae q. 89 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4766 exquirere signum divinae providentiae est tentare Deum, quod est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4767 omnino illicitum, secundum illud Deut. VI, <i>non tentabis dominum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4768 Deum tuum</i>. Sed ille qui iurat videtur exquirere signum divinae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4769 providentiae, dum petit divinum testimonium, quod est per aliquem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4770 evidentem effectum. Ergo videtur quod iuramentum sit omnino
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4771 illicitum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4772 <p title="II-II q. 89 a. 2 s. c."><a name="42856"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4773 "ref">[42856] IIª-IIae q. 89 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4774 est quod dicitur Deut. VI, <i>dominum Deum tuum timebis, et per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4775 nomen eius iurabis</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4776 <p title="II-II q. 89 a. 2 co."><a name="42857"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4777 "ref">[42857] IIª-IIae q. 89 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4778 dicendum quod nihil prohibet aliquid esse secundum se bonum quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4779 tamen cedit in malum eius qui non utitur eo convenienter, sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4780 sumere Eucharistiam est bonum, et tamen qui indigne sumit sibi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4781 iudicium manducat et bibit, ut dicitur I ad Cor. XI. Sic ergo in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4782 proposito dicendum est quod iuramentum secundum se est licitum et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4783 honestum. Quod patet ex origine et ex fine. Ex origine quidem, quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4784 iuramentum est introductum ex fide qua homines credunt Deum habere
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4785 infallibilem veritatem et universalem omnium cognitionem et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4786 provisionem. Ex fine autem, quia iuramentum inducitur ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4787 iustificandum homines, et ad finiendum controversias, ut dicitur ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4788 Heb. VI. Sed iuramentum cedit in malum alicui ex eo quod male
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4789 utitur eo, idest sine necessitate et cautela debita. Videtur enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4790 parvam reverentiam habere ad Deum qui eum ex levi causa testem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4791 inducit, quod non praesumeret etiam de aliquo viro honesto. Imminet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4792 etiam periculum periurii, quia de facili homo in verbo delinquit,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4793 secundum illud Iac. III, <i>si quis in verbo non offendit, hic
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4794 perfectus est vir</i>. Unde et Eccli. XXIII dicitur, <i>iurationi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4795 non assuescat os tuum, multi enim casus in illa</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4796 <p title="II-II q. 89 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="42858"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4797 "ref">[42858] IIª-IIae q. 89 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4798 ergo dicendum quod Hieronymus, super Matth., dicit, <i>considera
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4799 quod salvator non per Deum iurare prohibuerit, sed per caelum et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4800 terram. Hanc enim per elementa iurandi pessimam consuetudinem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4801 habere Iudaei noscuntur</i>. Se ista responsio non sufficit, quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4802 Iacobus addit, <i>neque per aliud quodcumque iuramentum</i>. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4803 ideo dicendum est quod, sicut Augustinus dicit, in libro de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4804 mendacio, quod <i>apostolus, in epistolis suis iurans, ostendit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4805 quomodo accipiendum esset quod dictum est, dico vobis non iurare
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4806 omnino, ne scilicet iurando ad facilitatem iurandi veniatur, ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4807 facilitate iurandi ad consuetudinem, a consuetudine in periurium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4808 decidatur. Et ideo non invenitur iurasse nisi scribens, ubi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4809 consideratio cautior non habet linguam praecipitem</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4810 <p title="II-II q. 89 a. 2 ad 2"><a name="42859"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4811 "ref">[42859] IIª-IIae q. 89 a. 2 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4812 dicendum quod, sicut Augustinus dicit, in libro de Serm. Dom. in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4813 monte, <i>si iurare cogeris, scias de necessitate venire
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4814 infirmitatis eorum quibus aliquid suades, quae utique infirmitas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4815 malum est. Itaque non dixit, quod amplius est malum est; tu enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4816 non malum facis qui bene uteris iuratione, ut alteri persuadeas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4817 quod utiliter persuades, sed, a malo est illius cuius infirmitate
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4818 iurare cogeris</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4819 <p title="II-II q. 89 a. 2 ad 3"><a name="42860"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4820 "ref">[42860] IIª-IIae q. 89 a. 2 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4821 dicendum quod ille qui iurat non tentat Deum, quia non implorat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4822 divinum auxilium absque utilitate et necessitate; et praeterea non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4823 exponit se alicui periculo si Deus testimonium adhibere noluerit in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4824 praesenti. Adhibebit autem pro certo testimonium in futuro, quando
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4825 <i>illuminabit abscondita tenebrarum et manifestabit consilia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4826 cordium</i>, ut dicitur I ad Cor. IV. Et illud testimonium nulli
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4827 iuranti deficiet, vel pro eo vel contra eum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4828 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4829 <div class="E">Articulus 3</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4830 <p title="II-II q. 89 a. 3 arg. 1"><a name="42861"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4831 "ref">[42861] IIª-IIae q. 89 a. 3 arg. 1</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4832 sic proceditur. Videtur quod inconvenienter ponantur tres comites
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4833 iuramenti iustitia, iudicium et veritas. Ea enim quorum unum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4834 includitur in altero non sunt connumeranda tanquam diversa. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4835 horum trium unum includitur in altero, quia veritas pars iustitiae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4836 est, secundum Tullium; iudicium autem est actus iustitiae, ut supra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4837 habitum est. Ergo inconvenienter numerantur tres comites
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4838 iuramenti.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4839 <p title="II-II q. 89 a. 3 arg. 2"><a name="42862"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4840 "ref">[42862] IIª-IIae q. 89 a. 3 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4841 multa alia requiruntur ad iuramentum, scilicet devotio, et fides,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4842 per quam credamus Deum omnia scire et mentiri non posse. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4843 videtur quod insufficienter enumerentur tres comites iuramenti.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4844 <p title="II-II q. 89 a. 3 arg. 3"><a name="42863"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4845 "ref">[42863] IIª-IIae q. 89 a. 3 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4846 haec tria in quolibet opere humano inquirenda sunt, nihil enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4847 debet fieri contra iustitiam aut veritatem, aut sine iudicio,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4848 secundum illud I ad Tim. V, <i>nihil facias sine praeiudicio</i>,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4849 idest sine praecedenti iudicio. Ergo haec tria non magis debent
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4850 associari iuramento quam aliis humanis actibus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4851 <p title="II-II q. 89 a. 3 s. c."><a name="42864"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4852 "ref">[42864] IIª-IIae q. 89 a. 3 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4853 est quod dicitur Ierem. IV, <i>iurabis, vivit dominus, in veritate,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4854 in iudicio et in iustitia</i>, quod exponens Hieronymus dicit,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4855 <i>animadvertendum est quod iusiurandum hos habet comites, scilicet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4856 veritatem, iudicium et iustitiam</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4857 <p title="II-II q. 89 a. 3 co."><a name="42865"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4858 "ref">[42865] IIª-IIae q. 89 a. 3 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4859 dicendum quod, sicut supra dictum est, iuramentum non est bonum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4860 nisi ei qui bene utitur iuramento. Ad bonum autem usum iuramenti
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4861 duo requiruntur. Primo quidem, quod aliquis non leviter, sed ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4862 necessaria causa et discrete iuret. Et quantum ad hoc, requiritur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4863 iudicium, scilicet discretionis ex parte iurantis. Secundo, quantum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4864 ad id quod per iuramentum confirmatur, ut scilicet neque sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4865 falsum, neque sit aliquid illicitum. Et quantum ad hoc, requiritur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4866 veritas, per quam aliquis iuramento confirmat quod verum est; et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4867 iustitia, per quam confirmat quod licitum est. Iudicio autem caret
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4868 iuramentum incautum; veritate autem iuramentum mendax; iustitia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4869 autem iuramentum iniquum sive illicitum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4870 <p title="II-II q. 89 a. 3 ad 1"><a name="42866"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4871 "ref">[42866] IIª-IIae q. 89 a. 3 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4872 ergo dicendum quod iudicium non sumitur hic pro executione
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4873 iustitiae, sed pro iudicio discretionis, ut dictum est. Neque etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4874 veritas hic accipitur secundum quod est pars iustitiae, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4875 secundum quod est quaedam conditio locutionis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4876 <p title="II-II q. 89 a. 3 ad 2"><a name="42867"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4877 "ref">[42867] IIª-IIae q. 89 a. 3 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4878 dicendum quod et devotio et fides, et omnia huiusmodi quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4879 exiguntur ad debitum modum iurandi, intelliguntur in iudicio. Alia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4880 enim duo pertinent ad rem de qua iuratur, ut dictum est. Quamvis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4881 posset dici quod iustitia pertinet ad causam pro qua iuratur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4882 <p title="II-II q. 89 a. 3 ad 3"><a name="42868"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4883 "ref">[42868] IIª-IIae q. 89 a. 3 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4884 dicendum quod in iuramento est magnum periculum, tum propter Dei
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4885 magnitudinem, cuius testimonium invocatur; tum etiam propter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4886 labilitatem linguae humanae, cuius verba iuramento confirmantur. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4887 ideo huiusmodi magis requiruntur ad iuramentum quam ad alios
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4888 humanos actus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4889 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4890 <div class="E">Articulus 4</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4891 <p title="II-II q. 89 a. 4 arg. 1"><a name="42869"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4892 "ref">[42869] IIª-IIae q. 89 a. 4 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quartum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4893 sic proceditur. Videtur quod iuramentum non sit actus religionis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4894 sive latriae. Actus enim latriae sunt circa aliqua sacra et divina.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4895 Sed iuramenta adhibentur circa controversias humanas, ut apostolus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4896 dicit, ad Heb. VI. Ergo iurare non est actus religionis seu
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4897 latriae.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4898 <p title="II-II q. 89 a. 4 arg. 2"><a name="42870"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4899 "ref">[42870] IIª-IIae q. 89 a. 4 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4900 ad religionem pertinet cultum Deo offerre, ut Tullius dicit. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4901 ille qui iurat nihil Deo offert, sed Deum inducit in testem. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4902 iurare non est actus religionis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4903 <p title="II-II q. 89 a. 4 arg. 3"><a name="42871"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4904 "ref">[42871] IIª-IIae q. 89 a. 4 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4905 finis religionis seu latriae est reverentiam Deo exhibere. Hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4906 autem non est finis iuramenti, sed potius aliquod verbum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4907 confirmare. Ergo iurare non est actus religionis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4908 <p title="II-II q. 89 a. 4 s. c."><a name="42872"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4909 "ref">[42872] IIª-IIae q. 89 a. 4 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4910 est quod dicitur Deut. VI, <i>dominum Deum tuum timebis, et ipsi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4911 soli servies, ac per nomen illius iurabis</i>. Loquitur autem ibi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4912 de servitute latriae. Ergo iurare est actus latriae.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4913 <p title="II-II q. 89 a. 4 co."><a name="42873"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4914 "ref">[42873] IIª-IIae q. 89 a. 4 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4915 dicendum quod, sicut ex dictis patet, ille qui iurat invocat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4916 divinum testimonium ad confirmandum ea quae dicit. Nihil autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4917 confirmatur nisi per aliquid quod certius est et potius. Et ideo in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4918 hoc ipso quod homo per Deum iurat, profitetur Deum potiorem, utpote
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4919 cuius veritas est indefectibilis et cognitio universalis, et sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4920 aliquo modo Deo reverentiam exhibet. Unde et apostolus dicit, ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4921 Heb. VI, quod <i>homines per maiores se iurant</i>. Et Hieronymus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4922 dicit, super Matth., quod <i>qui iurat, aut veneratur aut diligit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4923 eum per quem iurat</i>. Philosophus etiam dicit, in I Metaphys.,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4924 quod iuramentum est honorabilissimum. Exhibere autem reverentiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4925 Deo pertinet ad religionem sive latriam. Unde manifestum est quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4926 iuramentum est actus religionis sive latriae.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4927 <p title="II-II q. 89 a. 4 ad 1"><a name="42874"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4928 "ref">[42874] IIª-IIae q. 89 a. 4 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4929 ergo dicendum quod in iuramento duo considerantur, scilicet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4930 testimonium quod inducitur, et hoc est divinum; et id super quo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4931 inducitur testimonium, vel quod facit necessitatem testimonium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4932 inducendi, et hoc est humanum. Pertinet ergo iuramentum ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4933 religionem ratione primi, non autem ratione secundi.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4934 <p title="II-II q. 89 a. 4 ad 2"><a name="42875"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4935 "ref">[42875] IIª-IIae q. 89 a. 4 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4936 dicendum quod in hoc ipso quod aliquis assumit Deum in testem per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4937 modum iuramenti, profitetur eum maiorem, quod pertinet ad Dei
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4938 reverentiam. Et sic aliquid offert Deo, scilicet reverentiam et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4939 honorem.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4940 <p title="II-II q. 89 a. 4 ad 3"><a name="42876"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4941 "ref">[42876] IIª-IIae q. 89 a. 4 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4942 dicendum quod omnia quae facimus debemus in Dei reverentiam facere.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4943 Et ideo nihil prohibet si in hoc ipso quod intendimus hominem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4944 certificare, Deo reverentiam exhibeamus. Sic enim debemus aliquid
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4945 in Dei reverentiam facere ut ex hoc utilitas proximis proveniat,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4946 quia etiam Deus operatur ad suam gloriam et nostram utilitatem.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4947 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4948 <div class="E">Articulus 5</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4949 <p title="II-II q. 89 a. 5 arg. 1"><a name="42877"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4950 "ref">[42877] IIª-IIae q. 89 a. 5 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quintum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4951 sic proceditur. Videtur quod iuramentum sit appetendum et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4952 frequentandum, tanquam utile et bonum. Sicut enim votum est actus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4953 latriae, ita et iuramentum. Sed facere aliquid ex voto est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4954 laudabilius et magis meritorium quia votum est actus latriae, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4955 supra dictum est. Ergo, pari ratione, facere vel dicere aliquid cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4956 iuramento est laudabilius. Et sic iuramentum est appetendum tanquam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4957 per se bonum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4958 <p title="II-II q. 89 a. 5 arg. 2"><a name="42878"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4959 "ref">[42878] IIª-IIae q. 89 a. 5 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4960 Hieronymus dicit, super Matth., quod <i>qui iurat, veneratur aut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4961 diligit eum per quem iurat</i>. Sed venerari aut diligere Deum est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4962 appetendum tanquam per se bonum. Ergo et iuramentum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4963 <p title="II-II q. 89 a. 5 arg. 3"><a name="42879"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4964 "ref">[42879] IIª-IIae q. 89 a. 5 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4965 iuramentum ordinatur ad confirmationem seu certificationem. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4966 quod homo suum dictum confirmet, bonum est. Ergo iuramentum est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4967 appetendum tanquam bonum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4968 <p title="II-II q. 89 a. 5 s. c."><a name="42880"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4969 "ref">[42880] IIª-IIae q. 89 a. 5 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4970 est quod dicitur Eccli. XXIII, <i>vir multum iurans replebitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4971 iniquitate</i>. Et Augustinus dicit, in libro de mendacio, quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4972 praeceptum domini de prohibitione iuramenti <i>ad hoc positum est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4973 ut, quantum in te est, non affectes, non, quasi pro bono, cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4974 aliqua delectatione appetas iusiurandum</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4975 <p title="II-II q. 89 a. 5 co."><a name="42881"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4976 "ref">[42881] IIª-IIae q. 89 a. 5 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4977 dicendum quod id quod non quaeritur nisi ad subveniendum alicui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4978 defectui, non numeratur inter ea quae sunt per se appetenda, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4979 inter ea quae sunt necessaria, sicut patet de medicina, quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4980 quaeritur ad subveniendum infirmitati. Iuramentum autem quaeritur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4981 ad subveniendum alicui defectui, quo scilicet unus homo alteri
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4982 discredit. Et ideo iuramentum est habendum non inter ea quae sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4983 per se appetenda, sed inter ea quae sunt huic vitae necessaria,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4984 quibus indebite utitur quicumque eis utitur ultra terminos
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4985 necessitatis. Unde Augustinus dicit, in libro de Serm. Dom. in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4986 monte, <i>qui intelligit non in bonis, idest per se appetendis, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4987 in necessariis iurationem habendam, refrenat se quantum potest, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4988 non ea utatur nisi necessitas cogat</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4989 <p title="II-II q. 89 a. 5 ad 1"><a name="42882"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4990 "ref">[42882] IIª-IIae q. 89 a. 5 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4991 ergo dicendum quod alia ratio est de voto, et de iuramento. Nam per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4992 votum aliquid in Dei reverentiam ordinamus, unde ex hoc ipso fit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4993 religionis actus. Sed in iuramento e converso reverentia divini
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4994 nominis assumitur ad promissi confirmationem. Et ideo illud quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4995 iuramento confirmatur non propter hoc fit religionis actus, quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4996 secundum finem morales actus species sortiuntur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4997 <p title="II-II q. 89 a. 5 ad 2"><a name="42883"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4998 "ref">[42883] IIª-IIae q. 89 a. 5 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4999 dicendum quod ille qui iurat utitur quidem veneratione aut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5000 dilectione eius per quem iurat, non autem ordinat iuramentum ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5001 venerandum aut diligendum eum per quem iurat, sed ad aliquid aliud
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5002 quod est necessarium praesenti vitae.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5003 <p title="II-II q. 89 a. 5 ad 3"><a name="42884"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5004 "ref">[42884] IIª-IIae q. 89 a. 5 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5005 dicendum quod sicut medicina est utilis ad sanandum, et tamen
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5006 quanto est virtuosior, tanto maius nocumentum inducit si non debite
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5007 sumatur; ita etiam iuramentum utile quidem est ad confirmationem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5008 tamen quanto est magis venerandum, tanto est magis periculosum nisi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5009 debite inducatur. Quia, ut dicitur Eccli. XXIII, si frustraverit,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5010 idest deceperit fratrem, delictum illius supra ipsum erit; et si
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5011 dissimulaverit, quasi per simulationem iurando falsum, delinquit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5012 dupliciter (quia scilicet simulata aequitas est duplex iniquitas);
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5013 et si in vanum iuraverit, idest sine debita causa et necessitate,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5014 non iustificabitur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5015 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5016 <div class="E">Articulus 6</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5017 <p title="II-II q. 89 a. 6 arg. 1"><a name="42885"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5018 "ref">[42885] IIª-IIae q. 89 a. 6 arg. 1</span></a> Ad sextum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5019 sic proceditur. Videtur quod non liceat per creaturas iurare.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5020 Dicitur enim Matth. V, <i>ego dico vobis, non iurare omnino, neque
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5021 per caelum, neque per terram, neque per Ierosolymam, neque per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5022 caput tuum</i>, quod exponens Hieronymus dicit, <i>considera quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5023 hic salvator non per Deum iurare prohibuerit, sed per caelum et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5024 terram,</i> et cetera.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5025 <p title="II-II q. 89 a. 6 arg. 2"><a name="42886"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5026 "ref">[42886] IIª-IIae q. 89 a. 6 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5027 poena non debetur nisi culpae. Sed iuranti per creaturas adhibetur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5028 poena, dicitur enim XXII, qu. I, <i>clericum per creaturam iurantem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5029 acerrime obiurgandum, si perstiterit in vitio, excommunicandum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5030 placuit</i>. Ergo illicitum est per creaturas iurare.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5031 <p title="II-II q. 89 a. 6 arg. 3"><a name="42887"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5032 "ref">[42887] IIª-IIae q. 89 a. 6 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5033 iuramentum est actus latriae, sicut dictum est. Sed cultus latriae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5034 non debetur alicui creaturae, ut patet Rom. I. Ergo non licet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5035 iurare per aliquam creaturam.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5036 <p title="II-II q. 89 a. 6 s. c."><a name="42888"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5037 "ref">[42888] IIª-IIae q. 89 a. 6 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5038 est quod Ioseph iuravit per salutem Pharaonis, ut legitur Gen.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5039 XLII. Ex consuetudine etiam iuratur per Evangelium, et per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5040 reliquias, et per sanctos.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5041 <p title="II-II q. 89 a. 6 co."><a name="42889"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5042 "ref">[42889] IIª-IIae q. 89 a. 6 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5043 dicendum quod, sicut supra dictum est, duplex est iuramentum. Unum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5044 quidem quod fit per simplicem contestationem, inquantum scilicet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5045 Dei testimonium invocatur. Et hoc iuramentum innititur divinae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5046 veritati, sicut et fides. Fides autem est per se quidem et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5047 principaliter de Deo, qui est ipsa veritas; secundario autem de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5048 creaturis, in quibus veritas Dei relucet, ut supra habitum est. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5049 similiter iuramentum principaliter refertur ad ipsum Deum, cuius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5050 testimonium invocatur, secundario autem assumuntur ad iuramentum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5051 aliquae creaturae non secundum se, sed inquantum in eis divina
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5052 veritas manifestatur; sicut iuramus per Evangelium, idest per Deum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5053 cuius veritas in Evangelio manifestatur; et per sanctos, qui hanc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5054 veritatem crediderunt et observaverunt. Alius autem modus iurandi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5055 est per execrationem. Et in hoc iuramento inducitur creatura aliqua
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5056 ut in qua divinum iudicium exerceatur. Et sic solet homo iurare per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5057 caput suum, vel per filium suum, aut per aliquam aliam rem quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5058 diligit. Sicut et apostolus iuravit, II ad Cor. I, dicens, <i>ego
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5059 testem Deum invoco in animam meam</i>. Quod autem Ioseph per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5060 salutem Pharaonis iuravit, utroque modo potest intelligi, vel per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5061 modum execrationis, quasi salutem Pharaonis obligaverit Deo; vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5062 per modum contestationis, quasi contestando veritatem divinae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5063 iustitiae, ad cuius executionem principes terrae constituuntur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5064 <p title="II-II q. 89 a. 6 ad 1"><a name="42890"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5065 "ref">[42890] IIª-IIae q. 89 a. 6 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5066 ergo dicendum quod dominus prohibuit iurare per creaturas ita quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5067 eis adhibeatur reverentia divina. Unde Hieronymus ibidem subdit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5068 quod Iudaei, per Angelos, et cetera huiusmodi, iurantes, creaturas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5069 venerabantur Dei honore. Et eadem ratione punitur secundum canones
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5070 clericus per creaturam iurans, quod ad blasphemiam infidelitatis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5071 pertinet. Unde in sequenti capitulo dicitur, <i>si quis per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5072 capillum Dei vel caput iuraverit, vel alio modo blasphemia contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5073 Deum usus fuerit, si in ecclesiastico ordine est,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5074 deponatur</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5075 <p title="II-II q. 89 a. 6 ad 2"><a name="42891"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5076 "ref">[42891] IIª-IIae q. 89 a. 6 ad 2</span></a> Et per hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5077 patet responsio ad secundum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5078 <p title="II-II q. 89 a. 6 ad 3"><a name="42892"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5079 "ref">[42892] IIª-IIae q. 89 a. 6 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5080 dicendum quod cultus latriae adhibetur ei cuius testimonium iurando
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5081 invocatur. Et ideo praecipitur Exod. XXIII, per nomen externorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5082 deorum non iurabitis. Non autem exhibetur cultus latriae creaturis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5083 quae in iuramento assumuntur secundum modos praedictos.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5084 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5085 <div class="E">Articulus 7</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5086 <p title="II-II q. 89 a. 7 arg. 1"><a name="42893"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5087 "ref">[42893] IIª-IIae q. 89 a. 7 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5088 septimum sic proceditur. Videtur quod iuramentum non habeat vim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5089 obligandi. Inducitur enim iuramentum ad confirmandum veritatem eius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5090 quod dicitur. Sed quando aliquis dicit aliquid de futuro, verum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5091 dicit etiam si non eveniat quod dicit, sicut Paulus, quamvis non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5092 iverit Corinthum, sicut dixerat, non tamen est mentitus, ut patet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5093 II Cor. I. Ergo videtur quod iuramentum non sit obligatorium.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5094 <p title="II-II q. 89 a. 7 arg. 2"><a name="42894"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5095 "ref">[42894] IIª-IIae q. 89 a. 7 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5096 virtus non est virtuti contraria, ut dicitur in praedicamentis. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5097 iuramentum est actus virtutis, ut dictum est. Quandoque autem esset
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5098 contra virtutem, aut in aliquod eius impedimentum, si quis servaret
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5099 id quod iuravit, sicut cum aliquis iurat se facere aliquod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5100 peccatum, vel cum iurat desistere ab aliquo opere virtutis. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5101 iuramentum non semper est obligatorium.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5102 <p title="II-II q. 89 a. 7 arg. 3"><a name="42895"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5103 "ref">[42895] IIª-IIae q. 89 a. 7 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5104 quandoque aliquis invitus compellitur ad hoc quod sub iuramento
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5105 aliquid promittat. Sed <i>tales a iuramenti nexibus sunt per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5106 Romanos pontifices absoluti</i>, ut habetur extra, de iureiurando,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5107 cap. verum in ea quaestione et cetera. Ergo iuramentum non semper
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5108 est obligatorium.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5109 <p title="II-II q. 89 a. 7 arg. 4"><a name="42896"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5110 "ref">[42896] IIª-IIae q. 89 a. 7 arg. 4</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5111 nullus potest obligari ad duo opposita. Sed quandoque oppositum est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5112 quod intendit iurans, et quod intendit ille cui iuramentum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5113 praestatur. Ergo iuramentum non potest semper esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5114 obligatorium.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5115 <p title="II-II q. 89 a. 7 s. c."><a name="42897"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5116 "ref">[42897] IIª-IIae q. 89 a. 7 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5117 est quod dicitur Matth. V, <i>reddes domino iuramenta tua</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5118 <p title="II-II q. 89 a. 7 co."><a name="42898"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5119 "ref">[42898] IIª-IIae q. 89 a. 7 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5120 dicendum quod obligatio refertur ad aliquid quod est faciendum vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5121 dimittendum. Unde non videtur respicere iuramentum assertorium,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5122 quod est de praesenti vel de praeterito; neque etiam iuramentum de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5123 his quae sunt per alias causas fienda, sicut si quis iuramento
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5124 assereret quod cras pluvia esset futura; sed solum in his quae sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5125 fienda per illum qui iurat. Sicut autem iuramentum assertorium,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5126 quod est de praeterito vel de praesenti, debet habere veritatem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5127 ita etiam et iuramentum de his quae sunt fienda a nobis in futurum.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5128 Et ideo utrumque iuramentum habet quandam obligationem, diversimode
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5129 tamen. Quia in iuramento quod est de praeterito vel praesenti,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5130 obligatio est non respectu rei quae iam fuit vel est, sed respectu
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5131 ipsius actus iurandi, ut scilicet iuret id quod iam verum est vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5132 fuit. Sed in iuramento quod praestatur de his quae sunt fienda a
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5133 nobis, obligatio cadit e converso super rem quam aliquis iuramento
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5134 firmavit. Tenetur enim aliquis ut faciat verum esse id quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5135 iuravit, alioquin deest veritas iuramento. Si autem est talis res
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5136 quae in eius potestate non fuit, deest iuramento discretionis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5137 iudicium, nisi forte quod erat ei possibile quando iuravit, ei
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5138 reddatur impossibile per aliquem eventum; puta cum aliquis iuravit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5139 se pecuniam soluturum, quae ei postmodum vi vel furto subtrahitur.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5140 Tunc enim videtur excusatus esse a faciendo quod iuravit, licet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5141 teneatur facere quod in se est, sicut etiam supra circa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5142 obligationem voti diximus. Si vero sit quidem possibile fieri, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5143 fieri non debeat, vel quia est per se malum, vel quia est boni
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5144 impeditivum, tunc iuramento deest iustitia. Et ideo iuramentum non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5145 est servandum in eo casu quo est peccatum vel boni impeditivum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5146 secundum enim utrumque horum vergit in deteriorem exitum. Sic ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5147 dicendum est quod quicumque iurat aliquid se facturum, obligatur ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5148 id faciendum, ad hoc quod veritas impleatur, si tamen alii duo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5149 comites adsint, scilicet iudicium et iustitia.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5150 <p title="II-II q. 89 a. 7 ad 1"><a name="42899"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5151 "ref">[42899] IIª-IIae q. 89 a. 7 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5152 ergo dicendum quod aliud est de simplici verbo, aliud de iuramento,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5153 in quo divinum testimonium imploratur. Sufficit enim ad veritatem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5154 verbi quod aliquis dicat id quod proponit se facturum, quia hoc iam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5155 verum est in sua causa, scilicet in proposito facientis. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5156 iuramentum adhiberi non debet nisi in re de qua aliquis firmiter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5157 certus est. Et ideo si iuramentum adhibeatur, propter reverentiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5158 divini testimonii quod invocatur, obligatur homo ut faciat esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5159 verum id quod iuravit, secundum suam possibilitatem, nisi in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5160 deteriorem exitum vergat, ut dictum est.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5161 <p title="II-II q. 89 a. 7 ad 2"><a name="42900"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5162 "ref">[42900] IIª-IIae q. 89 a. 7 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5163 dicendum quod iuramentum potest vergere in deteriorem exitum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5164 dupliciter. Uno modo, quia ab ipso principio habet peiorem exitum.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5165 Vel quia est secundum se malum, sicut cum aliquis iurat se
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5166 adulterium patraturum. Sive quia est maioris boni impeditivum, puta
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5167 cum aliquis iurat se non intraturum religionem, vel quod non fiet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5168 clericus, aut quod non accipiet praelationem in casu in quo expedit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5169 eum accipere, vel si quid aliud est huiusmodi. Huiusmodi enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5170 iuramentum a principio est illicitum, differenter tamen. Quia si
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5171 quis iuret se facturum aliquod peccatum, et peccat iurando, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5172 peccat iuramentum servando. Si quis autem iurat se non facturum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5173 aliquod melius bonum, quod tamen facere non tenetur, peccat quidem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5174 iurando, inquantum ponit obicem spiritui sancto, qui est boni
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5175 propositi inspirator, non tamen peccat iuramentum servando, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5176 multo melius facit si non servet. Alio modo vergit in deteriorem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5177 exitum propter aliquid quod de novo emerserat, quod fuit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5178 impraemeditatum, sicut patet in iuramento Herodis, qui iuravit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5179 puellae saltanti se daturum quod petisset. Hoc enim iuramentum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5180 poterat esse a principio licitum, intellecta debita conditione,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5181 scilicet si peteret quod dare deceret, sed impletio iuramenti fuit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5182 illicita. Unde Ambrosius dicit, in I de officiis, <i>est contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5183 officium nonnunquam promissum solvere sacramentum, sicut Herodes,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5184 qui necem Ioannis praestavit ne promissum negaret</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5185 <p title="II-II q. 89 a. 7 ad 3"><a name="42901"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5186 "ref">[42901] IIª-IIae q. 89 a. 7 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5187 dicendum quod in iuramento quod quis coactus facit, duplex est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5188 obligatio. Una quidem qua obligatur homini cui aliquid promittit.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5189 Et talis obligatio tollitur per coactionem, quia ille qui vim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5190 intulit hoc meretur, ut ei promissum non servetur. Alia autem est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5191 obligatio qua quis Deo obligatur ut impleat quod per nomen eius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5192 promisit. Et talis obligatio non tollitur in foro conscientiae,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5193 quia magis debet damnum temporale sustinere quam iuramentum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5194 violare. Potest tamen repetere in iudicio quod solvit, vel praelato
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5195 denuntiare, non obstante si contrarium iuravit, quia tale
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5196 iuramentum vergeret in deteriorem exitum, esset enim contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5197 iustitiam publicam. Romani autem pontifices ab huiusmodi iuramentis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5198 homines absolverunt non quasi decernentes huiusmodi iuramenta non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5199 esse obligatoria, sed quasi huiusmodi obligationes ex iusta causa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5200 relaxantes.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5201 <p title="II-II q. 89 a. 7 ad 4"><a name="42902"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5202 "ref">[42902] IIª-IIae q. 89 a. 7 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5203 dicendum quod quando non est eadem iurantis intentio et eius cui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5204 iurat, si hoc provenit ex dolo iurantis, debet iuramentum servari
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5205 secundum sanum intellectum eius cui iuramentum praestatur. Unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5206 Isidorus dicit, <i>quacumque arte verborum quis iuret, Deus tamen,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5207 qui conscientiae testis est, ita hoc accipit sicut ille cui iuratur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5208 intelligit</i>. Et quod hoc intelligatur de doloso iuramento, patet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5209 per id quod subditur, dupliciter reus fit <i>qui et nomen Dei in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5210 vanum assumit, et proximum dolo capit</i>. Si autem iurans dolum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5211 non adhibeat, obligatur secundum intentionem iurantis. Unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5212 Gregorius dicit, XXVI Moral., <i>humanae aures talia verba nostra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5213 iudicant qualia foris sonant, divina vero iudicia talia foris
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5214 audiunt qualia ex intimis proferuntur</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5215 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5216 <div class="E">Articulus 8</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5217 <p title="II-II q. 89 a. 8 arg. 1"><a name="42903"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5218 "ref">[42903] IIª-IIae q. 89 a. 8 arg. 1</span></a> Ad octavum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5219 sic proceditur. Videtur quod maior sit obligatio iuramenti quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5220 voti. Votum enim est simplex promissio. Sed iuramentum supra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5221 promissionem adhibet divinum testimonium. Ergo maior est obligatio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5222 iuramenti quam voti.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5223 <p title="II-II q. 89 a. 8 arg. 2"><a name="42904"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5224 "ref">[42904] IIª-IIae q. 89 a. 8 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5225 debilius solet per fortius confirmari. Sed votum interdum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5226 confirmatur iuramento. Ergo iuramentum est fortius quam votum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5227 <p title="II-II q. 89 a. 8 arg. 3"><a name="42905"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5228 "ref">[42905] IIª-IIae q. 89 a. 8 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5229 obligatio voti causatur ex animi deliberatione, ut supra dictum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5230 est. Obligatio autem iuramenti causatur ex divina veritate, cuius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5231 testimonium invocatur. Cum ergo veritas Dei excedat deliberationem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5232 humanam, videtur quod obligatio iuramenti sit fortior quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5233 obligatio voti.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5234 <p title="II-II q. 89 a. 8 s. c."><a name="42906"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5235 "ref">[42906] IIª-IIae q. 89 a. 8 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5236 per votum obligatur aliquis Deo, per iuramentum obligatur interdum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5237 homini. Magis autem obligatur homo Deo quam homini. Ergo maior est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5238 obligatio voti quam iuramenti.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5239 <p title="II-II q. 89 a. 8 co."><a name="42907"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5240 "ref">[42907] IIª-IIae q. 89 a. 8 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5241 dicendum quod utraque obligatio, scilicet voti et iuramenti,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5242 causatur ex aliquo divino, aliter tamen et aliter. Nam obligatio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5243 voti causatur ex fidelitate quam Deo debemus, ut scilicet ei
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5244 promissum solvamus. Obligatio autem iuramenti causatur ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5245 reverentia quam debemus ei, ex qua tenemur quod verificemus id quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5246 per nomen eius promittimus. Omnis autem infidelitas irreverentiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5247 continet, sed non convertitur, videtur enim infidelitas subiecti ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5248 dominum esse maxima irreverentia. Et ideo votum ex ratione sua
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5249 magis est obligatorium quam iuramentum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5250 <p title="II-II q. 89 a. 8 ad 1"><a name="42908"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5251 "ref">[42908] IIª-IIae q. 89 a. 8 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5252 ergo dicendum quod votum est promissio non quaecumque, sed Deo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5253 facta, cui infidelem esse gravissimum est.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5254 <p title="II-II q. 89 a. 8 ad 2"><a name="42909"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5255 "ref">[42909] IIª-IIae q. 89 a. 8 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5256 dicendum quod iuramentum non adhibetur voto quasi aliquid firmius,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5257 sed ut per duas res immobiles maior firmitas adhibeatur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5258 <p title="II-II q. 89 a. 8 ad 3"><a name="42910"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5259 "ref">[42910] IIª-IIae q. 89 a. 8 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5260 dicendum quod deliberatio animi dat firmitatem voto quantum ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5261 parte voventis est. Habet tamen maiorem firmitatis causam ex parte
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5262 Dei, cui votum offertur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5263 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5264 <div class="E">Articulus 9</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5265 <p title="II-II q. 89 a. 9 arg. 1"><a name="42911"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5266 "ref">[42911] IIª-IIae q. 89 a. 9 arg. 1</span></a> Ad nonum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5267 sic proceditur. Videtur quod nullus possit dispensare in iuramento.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5268 Sicut enim veritas requiritur ad iuramentum assertorium, quod est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5269 de praeterito vel praesenti, ita ad iuramentum promissorium, quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5270 est de futuro. Sed nullus potest cum aliquo dispensare quod de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5271 praeteritis vel praesentibus iuret contra veritatem. Ergo etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5272 nullus potest dispensare quod non faciat aliquis esse verum id quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5273 cum iuramento in futurum promisit.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5274 <p title="II-II q. 89 a. 9 arg. 2"><a name="42912"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5275 "ref">[42912] IIª-IIae q. 89 a. 9 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5276 iuramentum promissorium inducitur ad utilitatem eius cui fit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5277 promissio. Sed ille, ut videtur, non potest relaxare, quia est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5278 contra divinam reverentiam. Ergo multo minus per aliquem potest
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5279 super hoc dispensari.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5280 <p title="II-II q. 89 a. 9 arg. 3"><a name="42913"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5281 "ref">[42913] IIª-IIae q. 89 a. 9 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5282 in voto quilibet episcopus potest dispensare, exceptis quibusdam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5283 votis quae soli Papae reservantur, ut supra habitum est. Ergo, pari
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5284 ratione, in iuramento, si esset dispensabile, quilibet episcopus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5285 posset dispensare. Quod tamen videtur esse contra iura. Non ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5286 videtur quod in iuramento possit dispensari.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5287 <p title="II-II q. 89 a. 9 s. c."><a name="42914"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5288 "ref">[42914] IIª-IIae q. 89 a. 9 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5289 est quod votum est maioris obligationis quam iuramentum, ut supra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5290 dictum est. Sed in voto potest dispensari. Ergo in iuramento.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5291 <p title="II-II q. 89 a. 9 co."><a name="42915"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5292 "ref">[42915] IIª-IIae q. 89 a. 9 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5293 dicendum quod, sicut supra dictum est, necessitas dispensationis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5294 tam in lege quam in voto est propter hoc quod id quod in se, vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5295 universaliter consideratum, est utile et honestum, secundum aliquem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5296 particularem eventum potest esse inhonestum et nocivum, quod non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5297 potest cadere nec sub lege nec sub voto. Quod autem aliquid sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5298 inhonestum vel noxium, repugnat his quae debent attendi in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5299 iuramento, nam si sit inhonestum, repugnat iustitiae; si sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5300 noxium, repugnat iudicio. Et ideo, pari ratione, etiam in iuramento
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5301 dispensari potest.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5302 <p title="II-II q. 89 a. 9 ad 1"><a name="42916"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5303 "ref">[42916] IIª-IIae q. 89 a. 9 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5304 ergo dicendum quod dispensatio quae fit in iuramento non se
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5305 extendit ad hoc quod aliquid contra iuramentum fiat, hoc enim est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5306 impossibile, cum observatio iuramenti cadat sub praecepto divino,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5307 quod est indispensabile. Sed ad hoc se extendit dispensatio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5308 iuramenti ut id quod sub iuramento cadebat, sub iuramento non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5309 cadat, quasi non existens debita materia iuramenti, sicut et de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5310 voto supra diximus. Materia autem iuramenti assertorii, quod est de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5311 praeterito vel praesenti, in quandam necessitatem iam transiit, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5312 immutabilis facta est, et ideo dispensatio non referretur ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5313 materiam, sed referretur ad ipsum actum iuramenti; unde talis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5314 dispensatio directe esset contra praeceptum divinum. Sed materia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5315 iuramenti promissorii est aliquid futurum, quod variari potest, ita
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5316 scilicet quod in aliquo eventu potest esse illicitum vel nocivum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5317 et per consequens non esse debita materia iuramenti. Et ideo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5318 dispensari potest in iuramento promissorio, quia talis dispensatio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5319 respicit materiam iuramenti, et non contrariatur praecepto divino
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5320 de iuramenti observatione.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5321 <p title="II-II q. 89 a. 9 ad 2"><a name="42917"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5322 "ref">[42917] IIª-IIae q. 89 a. 9 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5323 dicendum quod homo potest alteri promittere aliquid sub iuramento
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5324 dupliciter. Uno modo, quasi pertinens ad utilitatem ipsius, puta si
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5325 sub iuramento promittat se serviturum ei, vel pecuniam daturum. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5326 a tali promissione potest absolvere ille cui promissio facta est,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5327 intelligitur enim iam ei solvisse promissum quando facit de eo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5328 secundum eius voluntatem. Alio modo promittit aliquis alteri quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5329 pertinet ad honorem Dei vel utilitatem aliorum, puta si aliquis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5330 iuramento promittat alicui se intraturum religionem, vel aliquod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5331 opus pietatis facturum. Et tunc ille cui promittitur non potest
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5332 absolvere promittentem, quia promissio non est facta ei
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5333 principaliter, sed Deo, nisi forte sit interposita conditio,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5334 scilicet, si illi videbitur cui promittit, vel aliquid aliud
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5335 tale.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5336 <p title="II-II q. 89 a. 9 ad 3"><a name="42918"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5337 "ref">[42918] IIª-IIae q. 89 a. 9 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5338 dicendum quod quandoque illud quod cadit sub iuramento promissorio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5339 est manifeste repugnans iustitiae, vel quia est peccatum, sicut cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5340 aliquis iurat se facturum homicidium; vel quia est maioris boni
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5341 impeditivum, sicut cum aliquis iurat se non intraturum religionem.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5342 Et tale iuramentum dispensatione non indiget, sed in primo casu
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5343 tenetur aliquis tale iuramentum non servare; in secundo autem casu
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5344 licitum est et servare et non servare, ut supra dictum est.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5345 Quandoque vero aliquid sub iuramento promittitur de quo dubium est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5346 utrum sit licitum vel illicitum, proficuum vel nocivum, aut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5347 simpliciter aut in aliquo casu. Et in hoc potest quilibet episcopus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5348 dispensare quandoque vero sub iuramento promittitur aliquid quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5349 est manifeste licitum et utile. Et in tali iuramento non videtur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5350 habere locum dispensatio, sed commutatio, si aliquid melius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5351 faciendum occurrat ad communem utilitatem, quod maxime videtur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5352 pertinere ad potestatem Papae, qui habet curam universalis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5353 Ecclesiae; vel etiam absoluta relaxatio, quod etiam ad Papam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5354 pertinet, in omnibus generaliter quae ad dispensationem rerum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5355 ecclesiasticarum pertinent, super quas habet plenitudinem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5356 potestatis; sicut et ad unumquemque pertinet irritare iuramentum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5357 quod a sibi subditis factum est circa ea quae eius potestati
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5358 subduntur; sicut pater potest irritare iuramentum puellae et vir
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5359 uxoris, ut dicitur Num. XXX, sicut et supra de voto dictum est.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5360 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5361 <div class="E">Articulus 10</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5362 <p title="II-II q. 89 a. 10 arg. 1"><a name="42919"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5363 "ref">[42919] IIª-IIae q. 89 a. 10 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5364 decimum sic proceditur. Videtur quod iuramentum non impediatur per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5365 aliquam conditionem personae vel temporis. Iuramentum enim ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5366 confirmationem inducitur, ut patet per apostolum, ad Heb. VI. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5367 cuilibet convenit confirmare dictum suum, et quolibet tempore. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5368 videtur quod iuramentum non impediatur propter aliquam conditionem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5369 personae vel temporis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5370 <p title="II-II q. 89 a. 10 arg. 2"><a name="42920"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5371 "ref">[42920] IIª-IIae q. 89 a. 10 arg. 2</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5372 Praeterea, maius est iurare per Deum quam per Evangelia, unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5373 Chrysostomus dicit, <i>si aliqua causa fuerit, modicum videtur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5374 facere qui iurat per Deum, qui autem iurat per Evangelium, maius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5375 aliquid fecisse videtur. Quibus dicendum est, stulti, Scripturae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5376 propter Deum factae sunt, non Deus propter Scripturas</i>. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5377 cuiuslibet conditionis personae, et quolibet tempore, in communi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5378 locutione consueverunt iurare per Deum. Ergo multo magis licitum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5379 est eis iurare per Evangelia.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5380 <p title="II-II q. 89 a. 10 arg. 3"><a name="42921"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5381 "ref">[42921] IIª-IIae q. 89 a. 10 arg. 3</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5382 Praeterea, idem non causatur ex contrariis causis, quia contrariae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5383 causae sunt contrariorum. Sed aliqui excluduntur a iuramento
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5384 propter defectum personae, sicut pueri ante quatuordecim annos, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5385 etiam illi qui semel fuerunt periuri. Non ergo videtur quod aliqui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5386 prohibeantur iurare vel propter dignitatem, sicut clerici; aut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5387 etiam propter temporis solemnitatem.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5388 <p title="II-II q. 89 a. 10 arg. 4"><a name="42922"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5389 "ref">[42922] IIª-IIae q. 89 a. 10 arg. 4</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5390 Praeterea, nullus homo vivens in hoc mundo est tantae dignitatis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5391 sicut Angeli, dicitur enim Matth. XI quod <i>qui minor est in regno
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5392 caelorum maior est illo</i>, scilicet Ioanne Baptista adhuc in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5393 mundo vivente. Sed Angelo convenit iurare, dicitur enim Apoc. X
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5394 quod <i>Angelus iuravit per viventem in saecula saeculorum</i>.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5395 Ergo nullus homo propter dignitatem debet excusari a iuramento.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5396 <p title="II-II q. 89 a. 10 s. c."><a name="42923"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5397 "ref">[42923] IIª-IIae q. 89 a. 10 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5398 est quod habetur II, qu. V, <i>presbyter, vice iuramenti, per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5399 sanctam consecrationem interrogetur</i>. Et XXII, qu. V, dicitur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5400 <i>nullus ex ecclesiastico ordine cuiquam laico quidquam super
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5401 sancta Evangelia iurare praesumat</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5402 <p title="II-II q. 89 a. 10 co."><a name="42924"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5403 "ref">[42924] IIª-IIae q. 89 a. 10 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5404 dicendum quod in iuramento duo sunt consideranda. Unum quidem ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5405 parte Dei, cuius testimonium inducitur. Et quantum ad hoc, debetur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5406 iuramento maxima reverentia. Et propter hoc a iuramento excluduntur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5407 et pueri ante annos pubertatis, qui non coguntur ad iurandum, quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5408 nondum habent perfectum usum rationis, quo possint cum reverentia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5409 debita iuramentum praestare, et iterum periuri, qui ad iuramentum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5410 non admittuntur, quia ex retroactis praesumitur quod debitam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5411 reverentiam iuramento non exhibebunt. Et propter hoc etiam, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5412 iuramento debita reverentia exhibeatur, dicitur XXII, qu. V,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5413 <i>honestum est ut qui in sanctis audet iurare, hoc ieiunus faciat,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5414 cum omni honestate et timore Dei</i>. Aliud autem est considerandum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5415 ex parte hominis, cuius dictum iuramento confirmatur. Non enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5416 indiget dictum hominis confirmatione nisi quia de eo dubitatur. Hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5417 autem derogat dignitati personae, ut dubitetur de veritate eorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5418 quae dicit. Et ideo personis magnae dignitatis non convenit iurare.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5419 Propter quod dicitur II, qu. V, cap. si quis presbyter, quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5420 <i>sacerdotes ex levi causa iurare non debent</i>. Tamen pro aliqua
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5421 necessitate, vel magna utilitate, licitum est eis iurare, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5422 praecipue pro spiritualibus negotiis. Pro quibus etiam iuramenta
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5423 competit praestare in solemnibus diebus, quibus est spiritualibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5424 rebus vacandum, non autem tunc sunt iuramenta praestanda pro rebus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5425 temporalibus, nisi forte ex magna necessitate.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5426 <p title="II-II q. 89 a. 10 ad 1"><a name="42925"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5427 "ref">[42925] IIª-IIae q. 89 a. 10 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5428 ergo dicendum quod quidam sunt qui dictum suum confirmare non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5429 possunt propter eorum defectum, et quidam sunt quorum dictum adeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5430 debet esse certum quod confirmatione non egeat.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5431 <p title="II-II q. 89 a. 10 ad 2"><a name="42926"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5432 "ref">[42926] IIª-IIae q. 89 a. 10 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5433 dicendum quod iuramentum, secundum se consideratum, tanto sanctius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5434 est et magis obligat quanto maius est id per quod iuratur, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5435 Augustinus dicit, ad Publicolam. Et secundum hoc, maius est iurare
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5436 per Deum quam per Evangelia. Sed potest esse e converso propter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5437 modum iurandi, utpote si iuramentum quod fit per Evangelia, fiat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5438 cum quadam deliberatione et solemnitate; iuramentum autem quod fit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5439 per Deum, fiat leviter et absque deliberatione.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5440 <p title="II-II q. 89 a. 10 ad 3"><a name="42927"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5441 "ref">[42927] IIª-IIae q. 89 a. 10 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5442 dicendum quod nihil prohibet aliquid tolli ex contrariis causis per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5443 modum superabundantiae et defectus. Et hoc modo aliqui impediuntur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5444 a iuramento quia sunt maioris auctoritatis quam quod eos iurare
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5445 deceat, aliqui vero quia sunt minoris auctoritatis quam quod eorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5446 iuramento stetur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5447 <p title="II-II q. 89 a. 10 ad 4"><a name="42928"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5448 "ref">[42928] IIª-IIae q. 89 a. 10 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5449 dicendum quod iuramentum Angeli inducitur non propter defectum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5450 ipsius, quasi non sit eius simplici dicto credendum, sed ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5451 ostendendum id quod dicitur ex infallibili Dei dispositione
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5452 procedere. Sicut etiam et Deus aliquando in Scripturis iurans
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5453 inducitur, ad ostendendum immobilitatem eius quod dicitur, sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5454 apostolus dicit, ad Heb. VI.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5455 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5456 <div class="D">Quaestio 90</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5457 <div class="G">Prooemium</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5458 <p title="II-II q. 90 pr."><a name="42929"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5459 "ref">[42929] IIª-IIae q. 90 pr.</span></a> Deinde
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5460 considerandum est de assumptione divini nominis per modum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5461 adiurationis. Et circa hoc quaeruntur tria. Primo, utrum liceat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5462 adiurare homines. Secundo, utrum liceat adiurare Daemones. Tertio,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5463 utrum liceat adiurare irrationales creaturas.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5464 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5465 <div class="E">Articulus 1</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5466 <p title="II-II q. 90 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="42930"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5467 "ref">[42930] IIª-IIae q. 90 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5468 sic proceditur. Videtur quod non liceat hominem adiurare. Dicit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5469 enim Origenes, super Matth., <i>aestimo quoniam non oportet ut vir
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5470 qui vult secundum Evangelium vivere, adiuret alterum. Si enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5471 iurare non licet, quantum ad evangelicum Christi mandatum, notum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5472 est quia nec adiurare alterum licet. Propterea manifestum est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5473 quoniam princeps sacerdotum Iesum illicite adiuravit per Deum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5474 vivum</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5475 <p title="II-II q. 90 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="42931"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5476 "ref">[42931] IIª-IIae q. 90 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5477 quicumque adiurat aliquem, quodammodo ipsum compellit. Sed non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5478 licet alium invitum cogere. Ergo videtur quod nec liceat aliquem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5479 adiurare.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5480 <p title="II-II q. 90 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="42932"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5481 "ref">[42932] IIª-IIae q. 90 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5482 adiurare est aliquem ad iurandum inducere. Sed inducere aliquem ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5483 iurandum est superiorum, qui inferioribus iuramenta imponunt. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5484 inferiores superiores suos non possunt adiurare.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5485 <p title="II-II q. 90 a. 1 s. c."><a name="42933"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5486 "ref">[42933] IIª-IIae q. 90 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5487 est quod etiam Deum obsecramus per aliqua sacra eum obtestantes.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5488 Apostolus etiam fideles obsecrat per misericordia Dei, ut patet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5489 Rom. XII, quod videtur ad quandam adiurationem pertinere. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5490 licitum est alios adiurare.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5491 <p title="II-II q. 90 a. 1 co."><a name="42934"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5492 "ref">[42934] IIª-IIae q. 90 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5493 dicendum quod ille qui iurat iuramento promissorio, per reverentiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5494 divini nominis, quod ad confirmationem suae promissionis inducit,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5495 seipsum obligat ad faciendum quod promittit, quod est seipsum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5496 immobiliter ordinare ad aliquid agendum. Sicut autem homo seipsum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5497 ordinare potest ad aliquid agendum, ita etiam et alios, superiores
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5498 quidem deprecando, inferiores autem imperando, ut ex supradictis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5499 patet. Cum igitur utraque ordinatio per aliquod divinum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5500 confirmatur, est adiuratio. In hoc tamen differt, quod homo est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5501 suorum actuum dominus, non autem est dominus eorum quae sunt ab
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5502 alio agenda. Et ideo sibi ipsi potest necessitatem imponere per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5503 divini nominis invocationem, non autem hanc necessitatem potest
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5504 aliis imponere, nisi subditis, quos potest ex debito praestiti
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5505 iuramenti compellere. Si igitur aliquis per invocationem divini
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5506 nominis, vel cuiuscumque rei sacrae, alicui non sibi subdito
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5507 adiurando necessitatem agendi aliquid imponere intendat, sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5508 imponit sibi ipsi iurando, talis adiuratio illicita est, quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5509 usurpat potestatem in alium quam non habet. Tamen propter aliquam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5510 necessitatem superiores suos inferiores tali genere adiurationis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5511 constringere possunt. Si vero intendat solummodo per reverentiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5512 divini nominis, vel alicuius rei sacrae, aliquid ab alio obtinere
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5513 absque necessitatis impositione, talis adiuratio licita est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5514 respectu quorumlibet.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5515 <p title="II-II q. 90 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="42935"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5516 "ref">[42935] IIª-IIae q. 90 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5517 ergo dicendum quod Origenes loquitur de adiuratione qua aliquis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5518 alicui necessitatem imponere intendit, sicut imponit sibi ipsi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5519 iurando, sic enim princeps sacerdotum praesumpsit dominum Iesum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5520 Christum adiurare.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5521 <p title="II-II q. 90 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="42936"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5522 "ref">[42936] IIª-IIae q. 90 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5523 dicendum quod illa ratio procedit de adiuratione quae necessitatem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5524 imponit.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5525 <p title="II-II q. 90 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="42937"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5526 "ref">[42937] IIª-IIae q. 90 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5527 dicendum quod adiurare non est aliquem ad iurandum inducere, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5528 per quandam similitudinem iuramenti a se inducti, alium ad aliquid
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5529 agendum provocare. Aliter tamen adiuratione utimur ad hominem, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5530 aliter ad Deum. Nam adiurando hominis voluntatem per reverentiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5531 rei sacrae immutare intendimus, quod quidem non intendimus circa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5532 Deum, cuius voluntas est immutabilis; sed quod a Deo per aeternam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5533 eius voluntatem aliquid obtineamus, non est ex meritis nostris, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5534 ex eius bonitate.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5535 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5536 <div class="E">Articulus 2</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5537 <p title="II-II q. 90 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="42938"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5538 "ref">[42938] IIª-IIae q. 90 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5539 secundum sic proceditur. Videtur quod non liceat Daemones adiurare.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5540 Dicit enim Origenes, super Matth., <i>non est secundum potestatem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5541 datam a salvatore adiurare Daemonia, Iudaicum enim est hoc</i>. Non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5542 autem debemus Iudaeorum ritus imitari, sed potius uti potestate a
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5543 Christo data. Ergo non est licitum Daemones adiurare.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5544 <p title="II-II q. 90 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="42939"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5545 "ref">[42939] IIª-IIae q. 90 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5546 multi nigromanticis incantationibus Daemones per aliquid divinum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5547 invocant, quod est adiurare. Si igitur licitum est Daemones
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5548 adiurare, licitum est nigromanticis incantationibus uti. Quod patet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5549 esse falsum. Ergo et primum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5550 <p title="II-II q. 90 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="42940"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5551 "ref">[42940] IIª-IIae q. 90 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5552 quicumque adiurat aliquem, ex hoc ipso aliquam societatem cum ipso
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5553 facit. Sed non licet cum Daemonibus societatem facere, secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5554 illud I Cor. X, <i>nolo vos socios fieri Daemoniorum</i>. Ergo non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5555 licet Daemones adiurare.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5556 <p title="II-II q. 90 a. 2 s. c."><a name="42941"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5557 "ref">[42941] IIª-IIae q. 90 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5558 est quod dicitur Marc. ult., <i>in nomine meo Daemonia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5559 eiicient</i>. Sed inducere alium ad aliquid agendum propter nomen
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5560 divinum, hoc est adiurare. Ergo licitum est Daemones adiurare.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5561 <p title="II-II q. 90 a. 2 co."><a name="42942"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5562 "ref">[42942] IIª-IIae q. 90 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5563 dicendum quod, sicut dictum est, duplex est adiurandi modus, unus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5564 quidem per modum deprecationis vel inductionis ob reverentiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5565 alicuius sacri; alius autem per modum compulsionis. Primo autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5566 modo non licet Daemones adiurare, quia ille modus adiurandi videtur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5567 ad quandam benevolentiam vel amicitiam pertinere, qua non licet ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5568 Daemones uti. Secundo autem adiurationis modo, qui est per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5569 compulsionem, licet nobis ad aliquid uti, et ad aliquid non licet.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5570 Daemones enim in cursu huius vitae nobis adversarii constituuntur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5571 non autem eorum actus nostrae dispositioni subduntur, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5572 dispositioni divinae et sanctorum Angelorum; quia, ut Augustinus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5573 dicit, in III de Trin., <i>spiritus desertor regitur per spiritum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5574 iustum</i>. Possumus ergo Daemones, adiurando, per virtutem divini
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5575 nominis tanquam inimicos repellere, ne nobis noceant vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5576 spiritualiter vel corporaliter, secundum potestatem datam a
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5577 Christo, secundum illud Luc. X, <i>ecce, dedi vobis potestatem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5578 calcandi supra serpentes et scorpiones, et supra omnem virtutem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5579 inimici, et nihil vobis nocebit</i>. Non tamen licitum est eos
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5580 adiurare ad aliquid ab eis addiscendum, vel etiam ad aliquid per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5581 eos obtinendum, quia hoc pertineret ad aliquam societatem cum ipsis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5582 habendam, nisi forte ex speciali instinctu vel revelatione divina,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5583 aliqui sancti ad aliquos effectus Daemonum operatione utantur;
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5584 sicut legitur de beato Iacobo quod per Daemones fecit Hermogenem ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5585 se adduci.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5586 <p title="II-II q. 90 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="42943"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5587 "ref">[42943] IIª-IIae q. 90 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5588 ergo dicendum quod Origenes loquitur de adiuratione quae non fit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5589 protestative per modum compulsionis, sed magis per modum cuiusdam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5590 benevolae deprecationis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5591 <p title="II-II q. 90 a. 2 ad 2"><a name="42944"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5592 "ref">[42944] IIª-IIae q. 90 a. 2 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5593 dicendum quod nigromantici utuntur adiurationibus et invocationibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5594 Daemonum ad aliquid ab eis adipiscendum vel addiscendum, et hoc est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5595 illicitum, ut dictum est. Unde Chrysostomus dicit, Marc. I,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5596 exponens illud verbum domini, quod spiritui immundo dixit,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5597 <i>obmutesce, et exi de homine, salutiferum hic nobis dogma datur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5598 ne credamus Daemonibus, quantumcumque denuntient veritatem</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5599 <p title="II-II q. 90 a. 2 ad 3"><a name="42945"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5600 "ref">[42945] IIª-IIae q. 90 a. 2 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5601 dicendum quod ratio illa procedit de adiuratione qua imploratur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5602 auxilium Daemonum ad aliquid agendum vel cognoscendum, hoc enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5603 videtur ad quandam societatem pertinere. Sed quod aliquis adiurando
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5604 Daemones repellat, hoc est ab eorum societate recedere.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5605 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5606 <div class="E">Articulus 3</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5607 <p title="II-II q. 90 a. 3 arg. 1"><a name="42946"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5608 "ref">[42946] IIª-IIae q. 90 a. 3 arg. 1</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5609 sic proceditur. Videtur quod non liceat adiurare irrationalem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5610 creaturam. Adiuratio enim fit per locutionem. Sed frustra sermo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5611 dirigitur ad eum qui non intelligit, qualis est irrationalis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5612 creatura. Ergo vanum est et illicitum irrationalem creaturam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5613 adiurare.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5614 <p title="II-II q. 90 a. 3 arg. 2"><a name="42947"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5615 "ref">[42947] IIª-IIae q. 90 a. 3 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5616 ad eum videtur competere adiuratio ad quem pertinet iuratio. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5617 iuratio non pertinet ad creaturam irrationalem. Ergo videtur quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5618 ad eam non liceat adiuratione uti.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5619 <p title="II-II q. 90 a. 3 arg. 3"><a name="42948"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5620 "ref">[42948] IIª-IIae q. 90 a. 3 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5621 duplex est adiurationis modus, ut ex supradictis patet. Unus quidem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5622 per modum deprecationis, quo non possumus uti ad irrationalem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5623 creaturam, quae non est domina sui actus. Alia autem est adiuratio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5624 per modum compulsionis, qua etiam, ut videtur, ad eam uti non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5625 possumus; quia non est nostrum creaturis irrationalibus imperare,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5626 sed solum illius de quo dicitur, Matth. VIII, quia venti et mare
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5627 obediunt ei. Ergo nullo modo, ut videtur, licet uti adiuratione ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5628 irrationales creaturas.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5629 <p title="II-II q. 90 a. 3 s. c."><a name="42949"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5630 "ref">[42949] IIª-IIae q. 90 a. 3 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5631 est quod Simon et Iudas leguntur adiurasse dracones, et eis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5632 praecepisse ut in desertum locum discederent.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5633 <p title="II-II q. 90 a. 3 co."><a name="42950"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5634 "ref">[42950] IIª-IIae q. 90 a. 3 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5635 dicendum quod creaturae irrationales ab alio aguntur ad proprias
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5636 operationes. Eadem autem actio est eius quod agitur et movetur, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5637 eius quod agit et movet, sicut motus sagittae est etiam quaedam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5638 operatio sagittantis. Et ideo operatio irrationalis creaturae non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5639 solum ipsi attribuitur, sed principaliter Deo, cuius dispositione
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5640 omnia moventur. Pertinet etiam ad Diabolum, qui, permissione
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5641 divina, utitur aliquibus irrationalibus creaturis ad nocendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5642 hominibus. Sic ergo adiuratio qua quis utitur ad irrationalem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5643 creaturam, potest intelligi dupliciter. Uno modo, ut adiuratio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5644 referatur ad ipsam creaturam irrationalem secundum se. Et sic vanum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5645 esset irrationalem creaturam adiurare. Alio modo, ut referatur ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5646 eum a quo irrationalis creatura agitur et movetur. Et sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5647 dupliciter adiuratur irrationalis creatura. Uno quidem modo, per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5648 modum deprecationis ad Deum directae, quod pertinet ad eos qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5649 divina invocatione miracula faciunt. Alio modo, per modum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5650 compulsionis, quae refertur ad Diabolum, qui in nocumentum nostrum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5651 utitur irrationabilibus creaturis, et talis est modus adiurandi in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5652 Ecclesiae exorcismis, per quos Daemonum potestas excluditur ab
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5653 irrationalibus creaturis. Adiurare autem Daemones ab eis auxilium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5654 implorando, non licet.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5655 <p title="II-II q. 90 a. 3 ad arg."><a name="42951"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5656 "ref">[42951] IIª-IIae q. 90 a. 3 ad arg.</span></a> Et per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5657 hoc patet responsio ad obiecta.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5658 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5659 <div class="D">Quaestio 91</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5660 <div class="G">Prooemium</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5661 <p title="II-II q. 91 pr."><a name="42952"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5662 "ref">[42952] IIª-IIae q. 91 pr.</span></a> Deinde
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5663 considerandum est de assumptione divini nominis ad invocandum per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5664 orationem vel laudem. Et de oratione quidem iam dictum est. Unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5665 nunc de laude restat dicendum. Circa quam quaeruntur duo. Primo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5666 utrum Deus sit ore laudandus. Secundo, utrum in laudibus Dei sint
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5667 cantus adhibendi.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5668 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5669 <div class="E">Articulus 1</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5670 <p title="II-II q. 91 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="42953"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5671 "ref">[42953] IIª-IIae q. 91 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5672 sic proceditur. Videtur quod Deus non sit ore laudandus. Dicit enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5673 philosophus, in I Ethic., <i>optimorum non est laus, sed maius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5674 aliquid et melius</i>. Sed Deus est super omnia optima. Ergo Deo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5675 non debetur laus, sed aliquid maius laude. Unde et Eccli. XLIII
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5676 dicitur quod Deus maior est omni laude.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5677 <p title="II-II q. 91 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="42954"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5678 "ref">[42954] IIª-IIae q. 91 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5679 laus Dei ad cultum ipsius pertinet, est enim religionis actus. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5680 Deus mente colitur magis quam ore, unde dominus, Matth. XV, contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5681 quosdam inducit illud Isaiae, <i>populus hic labiis me honorat, cor
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5682 autem eorum longe est a me</i>. Ergo laus Dei magis consistit in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5683 corde quam in ore.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5684 <p title="II-II q. 91 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="42955"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5685 "ref">[42955] IIª-IIae q. 91 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5686 homines ad hoc ore laudantur ut ad meliora provocentur. Sicut enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5687 mali ex suis laudibus superbiunt, ita boni ex suis laudibus ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5688 meliora provocantur, unde dicitur Prov. XXVII, <i>quomodo probatur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5689 in conflatorio argentum, sic probatur homo ore laudantium</i>. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5690 Deus per verba hominum non provocatur ad meliora, tum quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5691 immutabilis est; tum quia summe bonus est, et non habet quo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5692 crescat. Ergo Deus non est laudandus ore.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5693 <p title="II-II q. 91 a. 1 s. c."><a name="42956"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5694 "ref">[42956] IIª-IIae q. 91 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5695 est quod dicitur in Psalm., <i>labiis exultationis laudabit os
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5696 meum</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5697 <p title="II-II q. 91 a. 1 co."><a name="42957"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5698 "ref">[42957] IIª-IIae q. 91 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5699 dicendum quod verbis alia ratione utimur ad Deum, et alia ratione
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5700 ad hominem. Ad hominem enim utimur verbis ut conceptum nostri
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5701 cordis, quem non potest cognoscere, verbis nostris ei exprimamus.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5702 Et ideo laude oris ad hominem utimur ut vel ei vel aliis innotescat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5703 quod bonam opinionem de laudato habemus, ut per hoc et ipsum qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5704 laudatur ad meliora provocemus; et alios, apud quos laudatur, in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5705 bonam opinionem et reverentiam et imitationem ipsius inducamus. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5706 ad Deum verbis utimur non quidem ut ei, qui est inspector cordium,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5707 nostros conceptus manifestemus, sed ut nos ipsos et alios audientes
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5708 ad eius reverentiam inducamus. Et ideo necessaria est laus oris,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5709 non quidem propter Deum, sed propter ipsum laudantem, cuius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5710 affectus excitatur in Deum ex laude ipsius, secundum illud Psalm.,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5711 <i>sacrificium laudis honorificabit me, et illic iter quo ostendam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5712 illi salutare Dei</i>. Et inquantum homo per divinam laudem affectu
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5713 ascendit in Deum, intantum per hoc retrahitur ab his quae sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5714 contra Deum, secundum illud Isaiae XLVIII, <i>laude mea infrenabo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5715 te, ne intereas</i>. Proficit etiam laus oris ad hoc quod aliorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5716 affectus provocetur in Deum. Unde dicitur in Psalm., <i>semper laus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5717 eius in ore meo</i>, et postea subditur, <i>audiant mansueti, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5718 laetentur. Magnificate dominum mecum</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5719 <p title="II-II q. 91 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="42958"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5720 "ref">[42958] IIª-IIae q. 91 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5721 ergo dicendum quod de Deo dupliciter possumus loqui. Uno modo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5722 quantum ad eius essentiam. Et sic, cum sit incomprehensibilis et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5723 ineffabilis, maior est omni laude. Debetur autem ei secundum hanc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5724 comparationem reverentia et latriae honor. Unde in Psalterio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5725 Hieronymi dicitur, tibi silet laus, Deus, quantum ad primum; et,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5726 tibi reddetur votum, quantum ad secundum. Alio modo, secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5727 effectus ipsius, qui in nostram utilitatem ordinantur. Et secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5728 hoc debetur Deo laus. Unde dicitur Isaiae LXIII, <i>miserationum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5729 domini recordabor, laudem domini super omnibus quae reddidit nobis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5730 dominus</i>. Et Dionysius dicit, I cap. de Div. Nom., omnem sanctum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5731 theologorum hymnum, idest divinam laudem, invenies ad bonos
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5732 thearchiae, idest divinitatis, <i>processus manifestative et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5733 laudative Dei nominationes dividentem</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5734 <p title="II-II q. 91 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="42959"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5735 "ref">[42959] IIª-IIae q. 91 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5736 dicendum quod laus oris inutilis est laudanti si sit sine laude
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5737 cordis, quod loquitur Deo laudem dum magnalia eius operum recogitat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5738 cum affectu. Valet tamen exterior laus oris ad excitandum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5739 interiorem affectum laudantis, et ad provocandum alios ad Dei
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5740 laudem, sicut dictum est.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5741 <p title="II-II q. 91 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="42960"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5742 "ref">[42960] IIª-IIae q. 91 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5743 dicendum quod Deum non laudamus propter utilitatem suam, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5744 propter utilitatem nostram, ut dictum est.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5745 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5746 <div class="E">Articulus 2</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5747 <p title="II-II q. 91 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="42961"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5748 "ref">[42961] IIª-IIae q. 91 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5749 secundum sic proceditur. Videtur quod cantus non sint assumendi ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5750 laudem divinam. Dicit enim apostolus, ad Coloss. III, <i>docentes
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5751 et commonentes vosmetipsos in Psalmis et hymnis et canticis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5752 spiritualibus</i>. Sed nihil assumere debemus in divinum cultum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5753 praeter ea quae nobis auctoritate Scripturae traduntur. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5754 videtur quod non debemus uti in divinis laudibus canticis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5755 corporalibus, sed solum spiritualibus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5756 <p title="II-II q. 91 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="42962"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5757 "ref">[42962] IIª-IIae q. 91 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5758 Hieronymus, super illud ad Ephes. V, <i>cantantes et psallentes in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5759 cordibus vestris domino</i>, dicit, <i>audiant haec adolescentuli
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5760 quibus in Ecclesia est psallendi officium, Deo non voce, sed corde
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5761 cantandum, nec in tragoediarum modum guttur et fauces medicamine
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5762 liniendae sunt, ut in Ecclesia theatrales moduli audiantur et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5763 cantica</i>. Non ergo in laudes Dei sunt cantus assumendi.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5764 <p title="II-II q. 91 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="42963"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5765 "ref">[42963] IIª-IIae q. 91 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5766 laudare Deum convenit parvis et magnis, secundum illud Apoc. XIX,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5767 <i>laudem dicite Deo nostro, omnes servi eius et qui timetis illum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5768 pusilli et magni</i>. Sed maiores qui sunt in Ecclesia non decet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5769 cantare, dicit enim Gregorius, et habetur in decretis, dist. XCII,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5770 cap. <i>in sancta Romana Ecclesia, praesenti decreto constituo ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5771 in sede hac sacri altaris ministri cantare non debeant</i>. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5772 cantus non conveniunt divinis laudibus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5773 <p title="II-II q. 91 a. 2 arg. 4"><a name="42964"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5774 "ref">[42964] IIª-IIae q. 91 a. 2 arg. 4</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5775 in veteri lege laudabatur Deus in musicis instrumentis et humanis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5776 cantibus, secundum illud Psalm., <i>confitemini domino in cithara;
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5777 in Psalterio decem chordarum psallite illi; cantate ei canticum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5778 novum</i>. Sed instrumenta musica, sicut citharas et Psalteria, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5779 assumit Ecclesia in divinas laudes, ne videatur iudaizare. Ergo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5780 pari ratione, nec cantus in divinas laudes sunt assumendi.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5781 <p title="II-II q. 91 a. 2 arg. 5"><a name="42965"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5782 "ref">[42965] IIª-IIae q. 91 a. 2 arg. 5</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5783 principalior est laus mentis quam laus oris. Sed laus mentis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5784 impeditur per cantus, tum quia cantantium intentio abstrahitur a
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5785 consideratione eorum quae cantant, dum circa cantum student; tum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5786 etiam quia ea quae cantantur minus ab aliis intelligi possunt quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5787 si sine cantu proferrentur. Ergo cantus non sunt divinis laudibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5788 adhibendi.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5789 <p title="II-II q. 91 a. 2 s. c."><a name="42966"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5790 "ref">[42966] IIª-IIae q. 91 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5791 est quod beatus Ambrosius in Ecclesia Mediolanensi cantus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5792 instituit, ut Augustinus refert, in IX Confess.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5793 <p title="II-II q. 91 a. 2 co."><a name="42967"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5794 "ref">[42967] IIª-IIae q. 91 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5795 dicendum quod, sicut dictum est, laus vocalis ad hoc necessaria est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5796 ut affectus hominis provocetur in Deum. Et ideo quaecumque ad hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5797 utilia esse possunt, in divinas laudes congruenter assumuntur.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5798 Manifestum est autem quod secundum diversas melodias sonorum animi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5799 hominum diversimode disponuntur, ut patet per philosophum, in VIII
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5800 Polit., et per Boetium, in prologo musicae. Et ideo salubriter fuit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5801 institutum ut in divinas laudes cantus assumerentur, ut animi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5802 infirmorum magis provocarentur ad devotionem. Unde Augustinus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5803 dicit, in X Confess., <i>adducor cantandi consuetudinem approbare
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5804 in Ecclesia, ut per oblectamenta aurium infirmorum animus in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5805 affectum pietatis assurgat</i>. Et de seipso dicit, in IX Confess.,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5806 <i>flevi in hymnis et canticis tuis, suave sonantis Ecclesiae tuae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5807 vocibus commotus acriter</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5808 <p title="II-II q. 91 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="42968"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5809 "ref">[42968] IIª-IIae q. 91 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5810 ergo dicendum quod cantica spiritualia possunt dici non solum ea
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5811 quae interius canuntur in spiritu, sed etiam ea quae exterius ore
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5812 cantantur, inquantum per huiusmodi cantica spiritualis devotio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5813 provocatur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5814 <p title="II-II q. 91 a. 2 ad 2"><a name="42969"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5815 "ref">[42969] IIª-IIae q. 91 a. 2 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5816 dicendum quod Hieronymus non vituperat simpliciter cantum, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5817 reprehendit eos qui in Ecclesia cantant more theatrico, non propter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5818 devotionem excitandam, sed propter ostentationem vel delectationem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5819 provocandam. Unde Augustinus dicit, in X Confess., <i>cum mihi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5820 accidit ut me amplius cantus quam res quae canitur moveat,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5821 poenaliter me peccare confiteor, et tunc mallem non audire
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5822 cantantem</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5823 <p title="II-II q. 91 a. 2 ad 3"><a name="42970"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5824 "ref">[42970] IIª-IIae q. 91 a. 2 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5825 dicendum quod nobilior modus est provocandi homines ad devotionem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5826 per doctrinam et praedicationem quam per cantum. Et ideo diaconi et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5827 praelati, quibus competit per praedicationem et doctrinam animos
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5828 hominum provocare in Deum, non debent cantibus insistere, ne per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5829 hoc a maioribus retrahantur. Unde ibidem Gregorius dicit,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5830 <i>consuetudo est valde reprehensibilis ut in diaconatus ordine
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5831 constituti modulationi vocis inserviant, quos ad praedicationis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5832 officium et eleemosynarum studium vacare congruebat</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5833 <p title="II-II q. 91 a. 2 ad 4"><a name="42971"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5834 "ref">[42971] IIª-IIae q. 91 a. 2 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5835 dicendum quod, sicut philosophus dicit, in VIII Polit., <i>neque
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5836 fistulas ad disciplinam est adducendum, neque aliquod aliud
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5837 artificiale organum, puta citharam et si quid tale alterum est, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5838 quaecumque faciunt auditores bonos</i>. Huiusmodi enim musica
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5839 instrumenta magis animum movent ad delectationem quam per ea
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5840 formetur interius bona dispositio. In veteri autem testamento usus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5841 erat talium instrumentorum, tum quia populus erat magis durus et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5842 carnalis, unde erat per huiusmodi instrumenta provocandus, sicut et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5843 per promissiones terrenas. Tum etiam quia huiusmodi instrumenta
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5844 corporalia aliquid figurabant.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5845 <p title="II-II q. 91 a. 2 ad 5"><a name="42972"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5846 "ref">[42972] IIª-IIae q. 91 a. 2 ad 5</span></a> Ad quintum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5847 dicendum quod per cantum quo quis studiose ad delectandum utitur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5848 abstrahitur animus a consideratione eorum quae cantantur. Sed si
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5849 aliquis cantet propter devotionem, attentius considerat quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5850 dicuntur, tum quia diutius moratur super eodem; tum quia, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5851 Augustinus dicit, in X Confess., <i>omnes affectus spiritus nostri
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5852 pro sua diversitate habent proprios modos in voce atque cantu,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5853 quorum occulta familiaritate excitantur</i>. Et eadem est ratio de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5854 audientibus, in quibus, etsi aliquando non intelligant quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5855 cantantur, intelligunt tamen propter quid cantantur, scilicet ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5856 laudem Dei; et hoc sufficit ad devotionem excitandam.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5857 <div class="centro"><br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5858 <p><a href="sth3081.html"><img src="icons/ageretro.gif" width="19"
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5859 height="19" align="middle" border="0" alt="age retro" /></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5860 <a href="sth3092.html"><img src="icons/ageultra.gif" width="19"
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5861 height="19" align="middle" border="0" alt="age ultra" /></a></p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5862 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5863 <hr />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5864 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5865 <address>© 2006 Fundación Tomás de Aquino quoad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5866 hanc editionem<br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5867 Iura omnia asservantur<br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5868 OCLC nr. <a href="http://worldcatlibraries.org/wcpa/oclc/49644264"
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5869 style="text-decoration=none">49644264</a></address>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5870 </div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5871 </body>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5872 </html>

Mercurial > hg > Aquinas

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