Aquinas: summa/latin/sth2075.html annotate

annotate summa/latin/sth2075.html @ 34:2bc1f3a24bc0

fix p2

author	ht
date	Mon, 30 Nov 2009 21:59:53 +0000
parents	544e12f679ad
children	d777cc3962f2

rev	line source
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1 <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN"
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2 "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3 <html lang="LA" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="LA">
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4 <head>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5 <meta name="generator" content=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6 "HTML Tidy for Windows (vers 1st February 2005), see www.w3.org" />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7 <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	8 "text/html; charset=us-ascii" />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	9 <meta http-equiv="Content-Style-Type" content="text/css" />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	10 <meta http-equiv="Content-Script-Type" content="text/javascript" />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	11 <meta name="keywords" content=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	12 "Thomas de Aquino, Summa Theologiae, Corpus Thomisticum" />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	13 <meta name="language" content="Latin" />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	14 <meta name="security" content="public" />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	15 <meta name="owner" content="ealarcon@unav.es" />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	16 <meta name="author" content="Enrique Alarcón" />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	17 <meta name="abstract" content="" />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	18 <link rel="stylesheet" media="screen" href="vscreen.css" type=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	19 "text/css" />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	20 <link rel="stylesheet" media="print" href="vprint.css" type=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	21 "text/css" />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	22 <title>Thomas de Aquino, Summa Theologiae, Iª-IIae q.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	23 75-84</title>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	24 </head>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	25 <body>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	26 <a href="http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/"></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	27 <div class="tres">CORPUS THOMISTICUM</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	28 <div class="uno">Sancti Thomae de Aquino</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	29 <div class="uno">Summa Theologiae</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	30 <div class="dos">prima pars secundae partis a quaestione LXXV ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	31 LXXXIV</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	32 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	33 <div class="centro">
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	34 <table align="center" summary="Imago">
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	35 <tr>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	36 <th><img src="icons/fugit190.jpg" width="275" height="190" border=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	37 "0" alt=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	38 "Thomas de Aquino a Filippino Lippi depictus (Cappella Carafa, S. Maria sopra Minerva, Roma)"
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	39 align="middle" /></th>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	40 </tr>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	41 </table>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	42 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	43 <span class="tres">Textum Leoninum Romae 1892 editum<br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	44 ac automato translatum a Roberto Busa SJ in taenias
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	45 magneticas<br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	46 denuo recognovit Enrique Alarcón atque instruxit<br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	47 <br /></span><br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	48 <hr />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	49 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	50 <p><a href="sth2074.html"><img src="icons/ageretro.gif" width="19"
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	51 height="19" align="middle" border="0" alt="age retro" /></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	52 <a href="sth2085.html"><img src="icons/ageultra.gif" width="19"
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	53 height="19" align="middle" border="0" alt="age ultra" /></a></p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	54 <script language="JavaScript" type="text/javascript">
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	55 //<![CDATA[
26 4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	56 <!--
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	57 // original code by Bill Trefzger 12/12/96; revised by Enrique Alarcon 12/9/2000
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	58 function go(){if(document.selecter.select1.options[document.selecter.select1.selectedIndex].value !="none"){location=document.selecter.select1.options[document.selecter.select1.selectedIndex].value}}
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	59 document.write('<FORM NAME="selecter"><SELECT NAME="select1">');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	60 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="none">INDEX');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	61 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="none">------------------------------------------------');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	62 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="index.html">Corpus Thomisticum');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	63 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="iopera.html">Opera omnia');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	64 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="zbiblia.html">Bibliographia Thomistica');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	65 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="none">------------------------------------------------');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	66 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36781">Iª-IIae q. 75 pr.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	67 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36782">Iª-IIae q. 75 a. 1 arg. 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	68 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36783">Iª-IIae q. 75 a. 1 arg. 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	69 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36784">Iª-IIae q. 75 a. 1 arg. 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	70 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36785">Iª-IIae q. 75 a. 1 s. c.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	71 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36786">Iª-IIae q. 75 a. 1 co.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	72 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36787">Iª-IIae q. 75 a. 1 ad 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	73 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36788">Iª-IIae q. 75 a. 1 ad 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	74 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36789">Iª-IIae q. 75 a. 1 ad 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	75 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36790">Iª-IIae q. 75 a. 2 arg. 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	76 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36791">Iª-IIae q. 75 a. 2 arg. 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	77 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36792">Iª-IIae q. 75 a. 2 arg. 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	78 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36793">Iª-IIae q. 75 a. 2 s. c.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	79 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36794">Iª-IIae q. 75 a. 2 co.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	80 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36795">Iª-IIae q. 75 a. 2 ad 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	81 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36796">Iª-IIae q. 75 a. 2 ad 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	82 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36797">Iª-IIae q. 75 a. 2 ad 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	83 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36798">Iª-IIae q. 75 a. 3 arg. 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	84 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36799">Iª-IIae q. 75 a. 3 arg. 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	85 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36800">Iª-IIae q. 75 a. 3 arg. 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	86 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36801">Iª-IIae q. 75 a. 3 s. c.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	87 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36802">Iª-IIae q. 75 a. 3 co.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	88 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36803">Iª-IIae q. 75 a. 3 ad 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	89 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36804">Iª-IIae q. 75 a. 3 ad 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	90 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36805">Iª-IIae q. 75 a. 3 ad 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	91 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36806">Iª-IIae q. 75 a. 4 arg. 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	92 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36807">Iª-IIae q. 75 a. 4 arg. 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	93 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36808">Iª-IIae q. 75 a. 4 arg. 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	94 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36809">Iª-IIae q. 75 a. 4 s. c.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	95 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36810">Iª-IIae q. 75 a. 4 co.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	96 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36811">Iª-IIae q. 75 a. 4 ad 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	97 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36812">Iª-IIae q. 75 a. 4 ad 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	98 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36813">Iª-IIae q. 75 a. 4 ad 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	99 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36814">Iª-IIae q. 76 pr.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	100 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36815">Iª-IIae q. 76 a. 1 arg. 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	101 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36816">Iª-IIae q. 76 a. 1 arg. 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	102 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36817">Iª-IIae q. 76 a. 1 arg. 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	103 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36818">Iª-IIae q. 76 a. 1 s. c.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	104 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36819">Iª-IIae q. 76 a. 1 co.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	105 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36820">Iª-IIae q. 76 a. 1 ad 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	106 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36821">Iª-IIae q. 76 a. 1 ad 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	107 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36822">Iª-IIae q. 76 a. 1 ad 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	108 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36823">Iª-IIae q. 76 a. 2 arg. 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	109 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36824">Iª-IIae q. 76 a. 2 arg. 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	110 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36825">Iª-IIae q. 76 a. 2 arg. 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	111 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36826">Iª-IIae q. 76 a. 2 arg. 4');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	112 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36827">Iª-IIae q. 76 a. 2 arg. 5');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	113 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36828">Iª-IIae q. 76 a. 2 s. c.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	114 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36829">Iª-IIae q. 76 a. 2 co.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	115 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36830">Iª-IIae q. 76 a. 2 ad 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	116 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36831">Iª-IIae q. 76 a. 2 ad 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	117 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36832">Iª-IIae q. 76 a. 2 ad 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	118 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36833">Iª-IIae q. 76 a. 2 ad 4');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	119 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36834">Iª-IIae q. 76 a. 2 ad 5');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	120 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36835">Iª-IIae q. 76 a. 3 arg. 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	121 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36836">Iª-IIae q. 76 a. 3 arg. 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	122 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36837">Iª-IIae q. 76 a. 3 arg. 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	123 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36838">Iª-IIae q. 76 a. 3 s. c.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	124 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36839">Iª-IIae q. 76 a. 3 co.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	125 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36840">Iª-IIae q. 76 a. 3 ad 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	126 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36841">Iª-IIae q. 76 a. 3 ad 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	127 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36842">Iª-IIae q. 76 a. 3 ad 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	128 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36843">Iª-IIae q. 76 a. 4 arg. 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	129 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36844">Iª-IIae q. 76 a. 4 arg. 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	130 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36845">Iª-IIae q. 76 a. 4 arg. 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	131 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36846">Iª-IIae q. 76 a. 4 arg. 4');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	132 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36847">Iª-IIae q. 76 a. 4 s. c.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	133 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36848">Iª-IIae q. 76 a. 4 co.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	134 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36849">Iª-IIae q. 76 a. 4 ad 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	135 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36850">Iª-IIae q. 76 a. 4 ad 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	136 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36851">Iª-IIae q. 76 a. 4 ad 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	137 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36852">Iª-IIae q. 76 a. 4 ad 4');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	138 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36853">Iª-IIae q. 77 pr.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	139 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36854">Iª-IIae q. 77 a. 1 arg. 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	140 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36855">Iª-IIae q. 77 a. 1 arg. 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	141 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36856">Iª-IIae q. 77 a. 1 arg. 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	142 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36857">Iª-IIae q. 77 a. 1 s. c.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	143 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36858">Iª-IIae q. 77 a. 1 co.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	144 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36859">Iª-IIae q. 77 a. 1 ad 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	145 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36860">Iª-IIae q. 77 a. 1 ad 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	146 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36861">Iª-IIae q. 77 a. 1 ad 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	147 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36862">Iª-IIae q. 77 a. 2 arg. 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	148 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36863">Iª-IIae q. 77 a. 2 arg. 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	149 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36864">Iª-IIae q. 77 a. 2 arg. 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	150 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36865">Iª-IIae q. 77 a. 2 arg. 4');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	151 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#36866">Iª-IIae q. 77 a. 2 arg. 5');
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4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	404 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#37119">Iª-IIae q. 83 a. 1 ad 5');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	405 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#37120">Iª-IIae q. 83 a. 2 arg. 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	406 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#37121">Iª-IIae q. 83 a. 2 arg. 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	407 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#37122">Iª-IIae q. 83 a. 2 arg. 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	408 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#37123">Iª-IIae q. 83 a. 2 arg. 4');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	409 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#37124">Iª-IIae q. 83 a. 2 s. c.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	410 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#37125">Iª-IIae q. 83 a. 2 co.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	411 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#37126">Iª-IIae q. 83 a. 2 ad 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	412 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#37127">Iª-IIae q. 83 a. 2 ad 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	413 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#37128">Iª-IIae q. 83 a. 2 ad 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	414 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#37129">Iª-IIae q. 83 a. 2 ad 4');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	415 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#37130">Iª-IIae q. 83 a. 3 arg. 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	416 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#37131">Iª-IIae q. 83 a. 3 arg. 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	417 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#37132">Iª-IIae q. 83 a. 3 arg. 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	418 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#37133">Iª-IIae q. 83 a. 3 s. c.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	419 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#37134">Iª-IIae q. 83 a. 3 co.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	420 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#37135">Iª-IIae q. 83 a. 3 ad 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	421 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#37136">Iª-IIae q. 83 a. 3 ad 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	422 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#37137">Iª-IIae q. 83 a. 3 ad 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	423 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#37138">Iª-IIae q. 83 a. 4 arg. 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	424 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#37139">Iª-IIae q. 83 a. 4 arg. 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	425 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#37140">Iª-IIae q. 83 a. 4 arg. 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	426 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#37141">Iª-IIae q. 83 a. 4 s. c.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	427 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#37142">Iª-IIae q. 83 a. 4 co.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	428 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#37143">Iª-IIae q. 83 a. 4 ad 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	429 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#37144">Iª-IIae q. 83 a. 4 ad 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	430 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#37145">Iª-IIae q. 83 a. 4 ad 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	431 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#37146">Iª-IIae q. 84 pr.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	432 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#37147">Iª-IIae q. 84 a. 1 arg. 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	433 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#37148">Iª-IIae q. 84 a. 1 arg. 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	434 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#37149">Iª-IIae q. 84 a. 1 arg. 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	435 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#37150">Iª-IIae q. 84 a. 1 s. c.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	436 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#37151">Iª-IIae q. 84 a. 1 co.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	437 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#37152">Iª-IIae q. 84 a. 1 ad 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	438 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#37153">Iª-IIae q. 84 a. 1 ad 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	439 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#37154">Iª-IIae q. 84 a. 1 ad 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	440 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#37155">Iª-IIae q. 84 a. 2 arg. 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	441 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#37156">Iª-IIae q. 84 a. 2 arg. 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	442 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#37157">Iª-IIae q. 84 a. 2 arg. 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	443 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#37158">Iª-IIae q. 84 a. 2 s. c.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	444 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#37159">Iª-IIae q. 84 a. 2 co.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	445 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#37160">Iª-IIae q. 84 a. 2 ad 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	446 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#37161">Iª-IIae q. 84 a. 2 ad 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	447 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#37162">Iª-IIae q. 84 a. 2 ad 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	448 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#37163">Iª-IIae q. 84 a. 3 arg. 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	449 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#37164">Iª-IIae q. 84 a. 3 arg. 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	450 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#37165">Iª-IIae q. 84 a. 3 arg. 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	451 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#37166">Iª-IIae q. 84 a. 3 s. c.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	452 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#37167">Iª-IIae q. 84 a. 3 co.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	453 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#37168">Iª-IIae q. 84 a. 3 ad 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	454 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#37169">Iª-IIae q. 84 a. 3 ad 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	455 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#37170">Iª-IIae q. 84 a. 3 ad 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	456 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#37171">Iª-IIae q. 84 a. 4 arg. 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	457 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#37172">Iª-IIae q. 84 a. 4 arg. 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	458 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#37173">Iª-IIae q. 84 a. 4 arg. 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	459 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#37174">Iª-IIae q. 84 a. 4 arg. 4');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	460 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#37175">Iª-IIae q. 84 a. 4 arg. 5');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	461 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#37176">Iª-IIae q. 84 a. 4 s. c.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	462 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#37177">Iª-IIae q. 84 a. 4 co.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	463 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#37178">Iª-IIae q. 84 a. 4 ad 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	464 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#37179">Iª-IIae q. 84 a. 4 ad 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	465 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#37180">Iª-IIae q. 84 a. 4 ad 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	466 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#37181">Iª-IIae q. 84 a. 4 ad 4');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	467 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#37182">Iª-IIae q. 84 a. 4 ad 5');
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	468 document.write('<\/SELECT>');
26 4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	469 document.write('<BR><BR>');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	470 document.write('<INPUT TYPE="button" VALUE="Agedum" ONCLICK="go()">');
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	471 document.write('<\/FORM>');
26 4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	472 // -->
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	473 //]]>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	474 </script><br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	475 <hr />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	476 <br /></div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	477 <div class="D">Quaestio 75</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	478 <div class="G">Prooemium</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	479 <p title="I-II q. 75 pr."><a name="36781"><span class="ref">[36781]
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	480 Iª-IIae q. 75 pr.</span></a> Deinde considerandum est de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	481 causis peccatorum. Et primo, in generali; secundo, in speciali.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	482 Circa primum quaeruntur quatuor. Primo, utrum peccatum habeat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	483 causam. Secundo, utrum habeat causam interiorem. Tertio, utrum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	484 habeat causam exteriorem. Quarto, utrum peccatum sit causa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	485 peccati.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	486 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	487 <div class="E">Articulus 1</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	488 <p title="I-II q. 75 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="36782"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	489 "ref">[36782] Iª-IIae q. 75 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	490 sic proceditur. Videtur quod peccatum non habeat causam. Peccatum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	491 enim habet rationem mali, ut dictum est. Sed malum non habet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	492 causam, ut Dionysius dicit, IV cap. de Div. Nom. Ergo peccatum non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	493 habet causam.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	494 <p title="I-II q. 75 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="36783"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	495 "ref">[36783] Iª-IIae q. 75 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	496 causa est ad quam de necessitate sequitur aliud. Sed quod est ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	497 necessitate, non videtur esse peccatum, eo quod omne peccatum est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	498 voluntarium. Ergo peccatum non habet causam.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	499 <p title="I-II q. 75 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="36784"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	500 "ref">[36784] Iª-IIae q. 75 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	501 si peccatum habet causam, aut habet pro causa bonum, aut malum. Non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	502 autem bonum, quia bonum non facit nisi bonum; <i>non enim potest
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	503 arbor bona fructus malos facere</i>, ut dicitur Matth. VII
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	504 similiter autem nec malum potest esse causa peccati, quia malum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	505 poenae sequitur ad peccatum; malum autem culpae est idem quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	506 peccatum. Peccatum igitur non habet causam.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	507 <p title="I-II q. 75 a. 1 s. c."><a name="36785"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	508 "ref">[36785] Iª-IIae q. 75 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	509 omne quod fit, habet causam, quia, ut dicitur Iob V, nihil in terra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	510 sine causa fit. Sed peccatum fit, est enim dictum vel factum vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	511 concupitum contra legem Dei. Ergo peccatum habet causam.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	512 <p title="I-II q. 75 a. 1 co."><a name="36786"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	513 "ref">[36786] Iª-IIae q. 75 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	514 dicendum quod peccatum est quidam actus inordinatus. Ex parte
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	515 igitur actus, potest habere per se causam, sicut et quilibet alius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	516 actus. Ex parte autem inordinationis, habet causam eo modo quo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	517 negatio vel privatio potest habere causam. Negationis autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	518 alicuius potest duplex causa assignari. Primo quidem, defectus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	519 causae, idest ipsius causae negatio, est causa negationis secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	520 seipsam, ad remotionem enim causae sequitur remotio effectus; sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	521 obscuritatis causa est absentia solis. Alio modo, causa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	522 affirmationis ad quam sequitur negatio, est per accidens causa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	523 negationis consequentis, sicut ignis, causando calorem ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	524 principali intentione, consequenter causat privationem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	525 frigiditatis. Quorum primum potest sufficere ad simplicem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	526 negationem. Sed cum inordinatio peccati, et quodlibet malum, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	527 sit simplex negatio, sed privatio eius quod quid natum est et debet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	528 habere; necesse est quod talis inordinatio habeat causam agentem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	529 per accidens, quod enim natum est inesse et debet, nunquam abesset
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	530 nisi propter causam aliquam impedientem. Et secundum hoc consuevit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	531 dici quod malum, quod in quadam privatione consistit, habet causam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	532 deficientem, vel agentem per accidens. Omnis autem causa per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	533 accidens reducitur ad causam per se. Cum igitur peccatum ex parte
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	534 inordinationis habeat causam agentem per accidens, ex parte autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	535 actus habeat causam agentem per se; sequitur quod inordinatio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	536 peccati consequatur ex ipsa causa actus. Sic igitur voluntas carens
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	537 directione regulae rationis et legis divinae, intendens aliquod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	538 bonum commutabile, causat actum quidem peccati per se, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	539 inordinationem actus per accidens et praeter intentionem, provenit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	540 enim defectus ordinis in actu, ex defectu directionis in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	541 voluntate.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	542 <p title="I-II q. 75 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="36787"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	543 "ref">[36787] Iª-IIae q. 75 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	544 ergo dicendum quod peccatum non solum significat ipsam privationem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	545 boni, quae est inordinatio; sed significat actum sub tali
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	546 privatione, quae habet rationem mali. Quod quidem qualiter habeat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	547 causam, dictum est.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	548 <p title="I-II q. 75 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="36788"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	549 "ref">[36788] Iª-IIae q. 75 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	550 dicendum quod, si illa definitio causae universaliter debeat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	551 verificari, oportet ut intelligatur de causa sufficienti et non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	552 impedita. Contingit enim aliquid esse causam sufficientem alterius,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	553 et tamen non ex necessitate sequitur effectus, propter aliquod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	554 impedimentum superveniens, alioquin sequeretur quod omnia ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	555 necessitate contingerent, ut patet in VI Metaphys. Sic igitur, etsi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	556 peccatum habeat causam, non tamen sequitur quod sit necessaria,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	557 quia effectus potest impediri.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	558 <p title="I-II q. 75 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="36789"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	559 "ref">[36789] Iª-IIae q. 75 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	560 dicendum quod, sicut dictum est, voluntas sine adhibitione regulae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	561 rationis vel legis divinae, est causa peccati. Hoc autem quod est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	562 non adhibere regulam rationis vel legis divinae, secundum se non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	563 habet rationem mali, nec poenae nec culpae, antequam applicetur ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	564 actum. Unde secundum hoc, peccati primi non est causa aliquod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	565 malum, sed bonum aliquod cum absentia alicuius alterius boni.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	566 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	567 <div class="E">Articulus 2</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	568 <p title="I-II q. 75 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="36790"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	569 "ref">[36790] Iª-IIae q. 75 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	570 sic proceditur. Videtur quod peccatum non habeat causam interiorem.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	571 Id enim quod est interius alicui rei, semper adest ei. Si igitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	572 peccatum habeat causam interiorem, semper homo peccaret, cum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	573 posita causa, ponatur effectus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	574 <p title="I-II q. 75 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="36791"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	575 "ref">[36791] Iª-IIae q. 75 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	576 idem non est causa sui ipsius. Sed interiores motus hominis sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	577 peccatum. Ergo non sunt causa peccati.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	578 <p title="I-II q. 75 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="36792"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	579 "ref">[36792] Iª-IIae q. 75 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	580 quidquid est intra hominem, aut est naturale, aut voluntarium. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	581 id quod est naturale, non potest esse peccati causa, quia peccatum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	582 est contra naturam, ut dicit Damascenus. Quod autem est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	583 voluntarium, si sit inordinatum, iam est peccatum. Non ergo aliquid
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	584 intrinsecum potest esse causa primi peccati.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	585 <p title="I-II q. 75 a. 2 s. c."><a name="36793"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	586 "ref">[36793] Iª-IIae q. 75 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	587 est quod Augustinus dicit, quod voluntas est causa peccati.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	588 <p title="I-II q. 75 a. 2 co."><a name="36794"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	589 "ref">[36794] Iª-IIae q. 75 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	590 dicendum quod, sicut iam dictum est, per se causam peccati oportet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	591 accipere ex parte ipsius actus. Actus autem humani potest accipi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	592 causa interior et mediata, et immediata. Immediata quidem causa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	593 humani actus est ratio et voluntas, secundum quam homo est liber
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	594 arbitrio. Causa autem remota est apprehensio sensitivae partis, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	595 etiam appetitus sensitivus, sicut enim ex iudicio rationis voluntas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	596 movetur ad aliquid secundum rationem, ita etiam ex apprehensione
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	597 sensus appetitus sensitivus in aliquid inclinatur. Quae quidem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	598 inclinatio interdum trahit voluntatem et rationem, sicut infra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	599 patebit. Sic igitur duplex causa peccati interior potest assignari,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	600 una proxima, ex parte rationis et voluntatis; alia vero remota, ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	601 parte imaginationis vel appetitus sensitivi. Sed quia supra dictum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	602 est quod causa peccati est aliquod bonum apparens motivum cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	603 defectu debiti motivi, scilicet regulae rationis vel legis divinae;
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	604 ipsum motivum quod est apparens bonum, pertinet ad apprehensionem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	605 sensus et appetitum. Ipsa autem absentia debitae regulae pertinet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	606 ad rationem, quae nata est huiusmodi regulam considerare. Sed ipsa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	607 perfectio voluntarii actus peccati pertinet ad voluntatem, ita quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	608 ipse voluntatis actus, praemissis suppositis, iam est quoddam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	609 peccatum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	610 <p title="I-II q. 75 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="36795"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	611 "ref">[36795] Iª-IIae q. 75 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	612 ergo dicendum quod id quod est intrinsecum sicut potentia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	613 naturalis, semper inest, id autem quod est intrinsecum sicut actus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	614 interior appetitivae vel apprehensivae virtutis, non semper inest.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	615 Ipsa autem potentia voluntatis est causa peccati in potentia, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	616 reducitur in actum per motus praecedentes et sensitivae partis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	617 primo, et rationis consequenter. Ex hoc enim quod aliquid
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	618 proponitur ut appetibile secundum sensum et appetitus sensitivus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	619 inclinatur in illud, ratio interdum cessat a consideratione regulae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	620 debitae, et sic voluntas producit actum peccati. Quia igitur motus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	621 praecedentes non semper sunt in actu, neque peccatum semper est in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	622 actu.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	623 <p title="I-II q. 75 a. 2 ad 2"><a name="36796"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	624 "ref">[36796] Iª-IIae q. 75 a. 2 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	625 dicendum quod non omnes motus interiores sunt de substantia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	626 peccati, quod consistit principaliter in actu voluntatis, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	627 quidam praecedunt, et quidam consequuntur ipsum peccatum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	628 <p title="I-II q. 75 a. 2 ad 3"><a name="36797"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	629 "ref">[36797] Iª-IIae q. 75 a. 2 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	630 dicendum quod illud quod est causa peccati sicut potentia producens
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	631 actum, est naturale. Motus etiam sensitivae partis, ex quo sequitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	632 peccatum, interdum est naturalis, sicut cum propter appetitum cibi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	633 aliquis peccat. Sed efficitur peccatum innaturale ex hoc ipso quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	634 deficit regula naturalis, quam homo secundum naturam suam debet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	635 attendere.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	636 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	637 <div class="E">Articulus 3</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	638 <p title="I-II q. 75 a. 3 arg. 1"><a name="36798"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	639 "ref">[36798] Iª-IIae q. 75 a. 3 arg. 1</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	640 sic proceditur. Videtur quod peccatum non habeat causam exteriorem.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	641 Peccatum enim est actus voluntarius. Voluntaria autem sunt eorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	642 quae sunt in nobis; et ita non habent exteriorem causam. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	643 peccatum non habet exteriorem causam.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	644 <p title="I-II q. 75 a. 3 arg. 2"><a name="36799"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	645 "ref">[36799] Iª-IIae q. 75 a. 3 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	646 sicut natura est principium interius, ita etiam voluntas. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	647 peccatum in rebus naturalibus nunquam accidit nisi ex aliqua
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	648 interiori causa, ut puta monstruosi partus proveniunt ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	649 corruptione alicuius principii interioris. Ergo neque in moralibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	650 potest contingere peccatum nisi ex interiori causa. Non ergo habet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	651 peccatum causam exteriorem.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	652 <p title="I-II q. 75 a. 3 arg. 3"><a name="36800"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	653 "ref">[36800] Iª-IIae q. 75 a. 3 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	654 multiplicata causa, multiplicatur effectus. Sed quanto plura sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	655 et maiora exterius inducentia ad peccandum, tanto minus id quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	656 quis inordinate agit, ei imputatur ad peccatum. Ergo nihil exterius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	657 est causa peccati.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	658 <p title="I-II q. 75 a. 3 s. c."><a name="36801"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	659 "ref">[36801] Iª-IIae q. 75 a. 3 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	660 est quod dicitur Num. XXXI, <i>nonne istae sunt quae deceperunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	661 filios Israel, et praevaricari vos fecerunt in domino super peccato
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	662 Phogor?</i> Ergo aliquid exterius potest esse causa faciens
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	663 peccare.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	664 <p title="I-II q. 75 a. 3 co."><a name="36802"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	665 "ref">[36802] Iª-IIae q. 75 a. 3 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	666 dicendum quod, sicut supra dictum est, causa interior peccati est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	667 et voluntas, ut perficiens actum peccati; et ratio, quantum ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	668 carentiam debitae regulae; et appetitus sensitivus inclinans. Sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	669 ergo aliquid extrinsecum tripliciter posset esse causa peccati, vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	670 quia moveret immediate ipsam voluntatem; vel quia moveret rationem;
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	671 vel quia moveret appetitum sensitivum. Voluntatem autem, ut supra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	672 dictum est, interius movere non potest nisi Deus; qui non potest
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	673 esse causa peccati, ut infra ostendetur. Unde relinquitur quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	674 nihil exterius potest esse causa peccati, nisi vel inquantum movet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	675 rationem, sicut homo vel Daemon persuadens peccatum; vel sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	676 movens appetitum sensitivum, sicut aliqua sensibilia exteriora
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	677 movent appetitum sensitivum. Sed neque persuasio exterior in rebus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	678 agendis ex necessitate movet rationem; neque etiam res exterius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	679 propositae ex necessitate movent appetitum sensitivum, nisi forte
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	680 aliquo modo dispositum; et tamen etiam appetitus sensitivus non ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	681 necessitate movet rationem et voluntatem. Unde aliquid exterius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	682 potest esse aliqua causa movens ad peccandum, non tamen
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	683 sufficienter ad peccatum inducens, sed causa sufficienter complens
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	684 peccatum est sola voluntas.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	685 <p title="I-II q. 75 a. 3 ad 1"><a name="36803"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	686 "ref">[36803] Iª-IIae q. 75 a. 3 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	687 ergo dicendum quod ex hoc ipso quod exteriora moventia ad peccandum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	688 non sufficienter et ex necessitate inducunt, sequitur quod remaneat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	689 in nobis peccare et non peccare.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	690 <p title="I-II q. 75 a. 3 ad 2"><a name="36804"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	691 "ref">[36804] Iª-IIae q. 75 a. 3 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	692 dicendum quod per hoc quod ponitur interior causa peccati, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	693 excluditur exterior, non enim id quod est exterius est causa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	694 peccati, nisi mediante causa interiori, ut dictum est.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	695 <p title="I-II q. 75 a. 3 ad 3"><a name="36805"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	696 "ref">[36805] Iª-IIae q. 75 a. 3 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	697 dicendum quod, multiplicatis exterioribus causis inclinantibus ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	698 peccandum, multiplicantur actus peccati, quia plures ex illis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	699 causis, et pluries, inclinantur ad actus peccati. Sed tamen
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	700 minuitur ratio culpae, quae consistit in hoc quod aliquid sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	701 voluntarium et in nobis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	702 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	703 <div class="E">Articulus 4</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	704 <p title="I-II q. 75 a. 4 arg. 1"><a name="36806"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	705 "ref">[36806] Iª-IIae q. 75 a. 4 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quartum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	706 sic proceditur. Videtur quod peccatum non sit causa peccati. Sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	707 enim quatuor genera causarum, quorum nullum potest ad hoc congruere
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	708 quod peccatum sit causa peccati. Finis enim habet rationem boni,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	709 quod non competit peccato, quod de sua ratione est malum. Et eadem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	710 ratione nec peccatum potest esse causa efficiens, quia malum non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	711 est causa agens, sed est infirmum et impotens, ut Dionysius dicit,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	712 IV cap. de Div. Nom. Causa autem materialis et formalis videntur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	713 habere solum locum in naturalibus corporibus quae sunt composita ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	714 materia et forma. Ergo peccatum non potest habere causam materialem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	715 et formalem.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	716 <p title="I-II q. 75 a. 4 arg. 2"><a name="36807"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	717 "ref">[36807] Iª-IIae q. 75 a. 4 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	718 agere sibi simile est rei perfectae, ut dicitur in IV Meteor. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	719 peccatum de sui ratione est imperfectum. Ergo peccatum non potest
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	720 esse causa peccati.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	721 <p title="I-II q. 75 a. 4 arg. 3"><a name="36808"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	722 "ref">[36808] Iª-IIae q. 75 a. 4 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	723 si huius peccati sit causa aliud peccatum, eadem ratione et illius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	724 erit causa aliquod aliud peccatum, et sic procedetur in infinitum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	725 quod est inconveniens. Non ergo peccatum est causa peccati.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	726 <p title="I-II q. 75 a. 4 s. c."><a name="36809"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	727 "ref">[36809] Iª-IIae q. 75 a. 4 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	728 est quod Gregorius dicit, super Ezech., <i>peccatum quod per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	729 poenitentiam citius non deletur, peccatum est et causa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	730 peccati</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	731 <p title="I-II q. 75 a. 4 co."><a name="36810"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	732 "ref">[36810] Iª-IIae q. 75 a. 4 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	733 dicendum quod, cum peccatum habeat causam ex parte actus, hoc modo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	734 unum peccatum posset esse causa alterius, sicut unus actus humanus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	735 potest esse causa alterius. Contingit igitur unum peccatum esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	736 causam alterius secundum quatuor genera causarum. Primo quidem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	737 secundum modum causae efficientis vel moventis, et per se et per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	738 accidens. Per accidens quidem, sicut removens prohibens dicitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	739 movens per accidens, cum enim per unum actum peccati homo amittit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	740 gratiam, vel caritatem, vel verecundiam, vel quodcumque aliud
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	741 retrahens a peccato, incidit ex hoc in aliud peccatum; et sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	742 primum peccatum est causa secundi per accidens. Per se autem, sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	743 cum ex uno actu peccati homo disponitur ad hoc quod alium actum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	744 consimilem facilius committit, ex actibus enim causantur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	745 dispositiones et habitus inclinantes ad similes actus. Secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	746 vero genus causae materialis, unum peccatum est causa alterius,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	747 inquantum praeparat ei materiam, sicut avaritia praeparat materiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	748 litigio, quod plerumque est de divitiis congregatis. Secundum vero
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	749 genus causae finalis, unum peccatum est causa alterius, inquantum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	750 propter finem unius peccati aliquis committit aliud peccatum, sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	751 cum aliquis committit simoniam propter finem ambitionis, vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	752 fornicationem propter furtum. Et quia finis dat formam in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	753 moralibus, ut supra habitum est, ex hoc etiam sequitur quod unum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	754 peccatum sit formalis causa alterius, in actu enim fornicationis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	755 quae propter furtum committitur, est quidem fornicatio sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	756 materiale, furtum vero sicut formale.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	757 <p title="I-II q. 75 a. 4 ad 1"><a name="36811"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	758 "ref">[36811] Iª-IIae q. 75 a. 4 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	759 ergo dicendum quod peccatum, inquantum est inordinatum, habet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	760 rationem mali, sed inquantum est actus quidam, habet aliquod bonum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	761 saltem apparens, pro fine. Et ita ex parte actus potest esse causa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	762 et finalis et effectiva alterius peccati, licet non ex parte
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	763 inordinationis. Materiam autem habet peccatum non ex qua, sed circa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	764 quam. Formam autem habet ex fine. Et ideo secundum quatuor genera
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	765 causarum peccatum potest dici causa peccati, ut dictum est.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	766 <p title="I-II q. 75 a. 4 ad 2"><a name="36812"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	767 "ref">[36812] Iª-IIae q. 75 a. 4 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	768 dicendum quod peccatum est imperfectum imperfectione morali ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	769 parte inordinationis, sed ex parte actus potest habere perfectionem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	770 naturae. Et secundum hoc potest esse causa peccati.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	771 <p title="I-II q. 75 a. 4 ad 3"><a name="36813"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	772 "ref">[36813] Iª-IIae q. 75 a. 4 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	773 dicendum quod non omnis causa peccati est peccatum. Unde non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	774 oportet quod procedatur in infinitum; sed potest perveniri ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	775 aliquod primum peccatum, cuius causa non est aliud peccatum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	776 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	777 <div class="D">Quaestio 76</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	778 <div class="G">Prooemium</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	779 <p title="I-II q. 76 pr."><a name="36814"><span class="ref">[36814]
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	780 Iª-IIae q. 76 pr.</span></a> Deinde considerandum est de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	781 causis peccati in speciali. Et primo, de causis interioribus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	782 peccati; secundo, de exterioribus; tertio, de peccatis quae sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	783 causa aliorum peccatorum. Prima autem consideratio, secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	784 praemissa, erit tripartita, nam primo, agetur de ignorantia, quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	785 est causa peccati ex parte rationis; secundo, de infirmitate seu
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	786 passione, quae est causa peccati ex parte appetitus sensitivi;
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	787 tertio, de malitia, quae est causa peccati ex parte voluntatis.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	788 Circa primum quaeruntur quatuor. Primo, utrum ignorantia sit causa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	789 peccati. Secundo, utrum ignorantia sit peccatum. Tertio, utrum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	790 totaliter a peccato excuset. Quarto, utrum diminuat peccatum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	791 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	792 <div class="E">Articulus 1</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	793 <p title="I-II q. 76 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="36815"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	794 "ref">[36815] Iª-IIae q. 76 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	795 sic proceditur. Videtur quod ignorantia non possit esse causa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	796 peccati. Quia quod non est, nullius est causa. Sed ignorantia est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	797 non ens, cum sit privatio quaedam scientiae. Ergo ignorantia non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	798 est causa peccati.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	799 <p title="I-II q. 76 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="36816"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	800 "ref">[36816] Iª-IIae q. 76 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	801 causae peccati sunt accipiendae ex parte conversionis, ut ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	802 supradictis patet. Sed ignorantia videtur respicere aversionem.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	803 Ergo non debet poni causa peccati.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	804 <p title="I-II q. 76 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="36817"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	805 "ref">[36817] Iª-IIae q. 76 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	806 omne peccatum in voluntate consistit, ut supra dictum est. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	807 voluntas non fertur nisi in aliquod cognitum, quia bonum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	808 apprehensum est obiectum voluntatis. Ergo ignorantia non potest
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	809 esse causa peccati.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	810 <p title="I-II q. 76 a. 1 s. c."><a name="36818"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	811 "ref">[36818] Iª-IIae q. 76 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	812 est quod Augustinus dicit, in libro de natura et gratia, quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	813 quidam per ignorantiam peccant.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	814 <p title="I-II q. 76 a. 1 co."><a name="36819"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	815 "ref">[36819] Iª-IIae q. 76 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	816 dicendum quod, secundum philosophum, in VIII Physic., causa movens
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	817 est duplex, una per se, et alia per accidens. Per se quidem, quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	818 propria virtute movet, sicut generans est causa movens gravia et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	819 levia. Per accidens autem, sicut removens prohibens, vel sicut ipsa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	820 remotio prohibentis. Et hoc modo ignorantia potest esse causa actus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	821 peccati, est enim privatio scientiae perficientis rationem, quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	822 prohibet actum peccati, inquantum dirigit actus humanos.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	823 Considerandum est autem quod ratio secundum duplicem scientiam est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	824 humanorum actuum directiva, scilicet secundum scientiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	825 universalem, et particularem. Conferens enim de agendis, utitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	826 quodam syllogismo, cuius conclusio est iudicium seu electio vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	827 operatio. Actiones autem in singularibus sunt. Unde conclusio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	828 syllogismi operativi est singularis. Singularis autem propositio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	829 non concluditur ex universali nisi mediante aliqua propositione
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	830 singulari, sicut homo prohibetur ab actu parricidii per hoc quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	831 scit patrem non esse occidendum, et per hoc quod scit hunc esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	832 patrem. Utriusque ergo ignorantia potest causare parricidii actum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	833 scilicet et universalis principii, quod est quaedam regula
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	834 rationis; et singularis circumstantiae. Unde patet quod non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	835 quaelibet ignorantia peccantis est causa peccati, sed illa tantum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	836 quae tollit scientiam prohibentem actum peccati. Unde si voluntas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	837 alicuius esset sic disposita quod non prohiberetur ab actu
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	838 parricidii, etiam si patrem agnosceret; ignorantia patris non est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	839 huic causa peccati, sed concomitanter se habet ad peccatum. Et ideo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	840 talis non peccat propter ignorantiam, sed peccat ignorans, secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	841 philosophum, in III Ethic.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	842 <p title="I-II q. 76 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="36820"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	843 "ref">[36820] Iª-IIae q. 76 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	844 ergo dicendum quod non ens non potest esse alicuius causa per se,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	845 potest tamen esse causa per accidens, sicut remotio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	846 prohibentis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	847 <p title="I-II q. 76 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="36821"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	848 "ref">[36821] Iª-IIae q. 76 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	849 dicendum quod sicut scientia quam tollit ignorantia, respicit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	850 peccatum ex parte conversionis; ita etiam ignorantia ex parte
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	851 conversionis est causa peccati ut removens prohibens.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	852 <p title="I-II q. 76 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="36822"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	853 "ref">[36822] Iª-IIae q. 76 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	854 dicendum quod in illud quod est quantum ad omnia ignotum, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	855 potest ferri voluntas, sed si aliquid est secundum aliquid notum et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	856 secundum aliquid ignotum, potest voluntas illud velle. Et hoc modo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	857 ignorantia est causa peccati, sicut cum aliquis scit hunc quem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	858 occidit, esse hominem, sed nescit eum esse patrem; vel cum aliquis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	859 scit aliquem actum esse delectabilem, nescit tamen eum esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	860 peccatum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	861 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	862 <div class="E">Articulus 2</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	863 <p title="I-II q. 76 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="36823"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	864 "ref">[36823] Iª-IIae q. 76 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	865 sic proceditur. Videtur quod ignorantia non sit peccatum. Peccatum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	866 enim est dictum vel factum vel concupitum contra legem Dei, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	867 supra habitum est. Sed ignorantia non importat aliquem actum, neque
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	868 interiorem neque exteriorem. Ergo ignorantia non est peccatum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	869 <p title="I-II q. 76 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="36824"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	870 "ref">[36824] Iª-IIae q. 76 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	871 peccatum directius opponitur gratiae quam scientiae. Sed privatio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	872 gratiae non est peccatum, sed magis poena quaedam consequens
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	873 peccatum. Ergo ignorantia, quae est privatio scientiae, non est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	874 peccatum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	875 <p title="I-II q. 76 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="36825"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	876 "ref">[36825] Iª-IIae q. 76 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	877 si ignorantia est peccatum, hoc non est nisi inquantum est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	878 voluntaria. Sed si ignorantia sit peccatum inquantum est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	879 voluntaria, videtur peccatum in ipso actu voluntatis consistere
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	880 magis quam in ignorantia. Ergo ignorantia non erit peccatum, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	881 magis aliquid consequens ad peccatum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	882 <p title="I-II q. 76 a. 2 arg. 4"><a name="36826"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	883 "ref">[36826] Iª-IIae q. 76 a. 2 arg. 4</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	884 omne peccatum per poenitentiam tollitur; nec aliquod peccatum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	885 transiens reatu remanet actu, nisi solum originale. Ignorantia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	886 autem non tollitur per poenitentiam, sed adhuc remanet actu, omni
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	887 reatu per poenitentiam remoto. Ergo ignorantia non est peccatum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	888 nisi forte sit originale.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	889 <p title="I-II q. 76 a. 2 arg. 5"><a name="36827"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	890 "ref">[36827] Iª-IIae q. 76 a. 2 arg. 5</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	891 si ipsa ignorantia sit peccatum, quandiu ignorantia remaneret in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	892 homine, tandiu actu peccaret. Sed continue manet ignorantia in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	893 ignorante. Ergo ignorans continue peccaret. Quod patet esse falsum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	894 quia sic ignorantia esset gravissimum. Non ergo ignorantia est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	895 peccatum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	896 <p title="I-II q. 76 a. 2 s. c."><a name="36828"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	897 "ref">[36828] Iª-IIae q. 76 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	898 nihil meretur poenam nisi peccatum. Sed ignorantia meretur poenam,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	899 secundum illud I ad Cor. XIV, <i>si quis ignorat, ignorabitur</i>.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	900 Ergo ignorantia est peccatum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	901 <p title="I-II q. 76 a. 2 co."><a name="36829"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	902 "ref">[36829] Iª-IIae q. 76 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	903 dicendum quod ignorantia in hoc a nescientia differt, quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	904 nescientia dicit simplicem scientiae negationem, unde cuicumque
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	905 deest aliquarum rerum scientia, potest dici nescire illas; secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	906 quem modum Dionysius in Angelis nescientiam ponit, VII cap. Cael.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	907 Hier. Ignorantia vero importat scientiae privationem, dum scilicet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	908 alicui deest scientia eorum quae aptus natus est scire. Horum autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	909 quaedam aliquis scire tenetur, illa scilicet sine quorum scientia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	910 non potest debitum actum recte exercere. Unde omnes tenentur scire
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	911 communiter ea quae sunt fidei, et universalia iuris praecepta,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	912 singuli autem ea quae ad eorum statum vel officium spectant.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	913 Quaedam vero sunt quae etsi aliquis natus est scire, non tamen ea
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	914 scire tenetur, sicut theoremata geometriae, et contingentia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	915 particularia, nisi in casu. Manifestum est autem quod quicumque
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	916 negligit habere vel facere id quod tenetur habere vel facere,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	917 peccat peccato omissionis. Unde propter negligentiam, ignorantia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	918 eorum quae aliquis scire tenetur, est peccatum. Non autem imputatur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	919 homini ad negligentiam, si nesciat ea quae scire non potest. Unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	920 horum ignorantia invincibilis dicitur, quia scilicet studio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	921 superari non potest. Et propter hoc talis ignorantia, cum non sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	922 voluntaria, eo quod non est in potestate nostra eam repellere, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	923 est peccatum. Ex quo patet quod nulla ignorantia invincibilis est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	924 peccatum, ignorantia autem vincibilis est peccatum, si sit eorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	925 quae aliquis scire tenetur; non autem si sit eorum quae quis scire
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	926 non tenetur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	927 <p title="I-II q. 76 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="36830"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	928 "ref">[36830] Iª-IIae q. 76 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	929 ergo dicendum quod, sicut supra dictum est, in hoc quod dicitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	930 dictum vel factum vel concupitum, sunt intelligendae etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	931 negationes oppositae, secundum quod omissio habet rationem peccati.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	932 Et ita negligentia, secundum quam ignorantia est peccatum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	933 continetur sub praedicta definitione peccati, inquantum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	934 praetermittitur aliquid quod debuit dici vel fieri vel concupisci,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	935 ad scientiam debitam acquirendam.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	936 <p title="I-II q. 76 a. 2 ad 2"><a name="36831"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	937 "ref">[36831] Iª-IIae q. 76 a. 2 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	938 dicendum quod privatio gratiae, etsi secundum se non sit peccatum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	939 tamen ratione negligentiae praeparandi se ad gratiam, potest habere
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	940 rationem peccati, sicut et ignorantia. Et tamen quantum ad hoc est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	941 dissimile, quia homo potest aliquam scientiam acquirere per suos
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	942 actus, gratia vero non acquiritur ex nostris actibus, sed ex Dei
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	943 munere.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	944 <p title="I-II q. 76 a. 2 ad 3"><a name="36832"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	945 "ref">[36832] Iª-IIae q. 76 a. 2 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	946 dicendum quod, sicut in peccato transgressionis peccatum non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	947 consistit in solo actu voluntatis, sed etiam in actu volito qui est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	948 imperatus a voluntate; ita in peccato omissionis non solum actus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	949 voluntatis est peccatum, sed etiam ipsa omissio, inquantum est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	950 aliqualiter voluntaria. Et hoc modo ipsa negligentia sciendi, vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	951 inconsideratio, est peccatum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	952 <p title="I-II q. 76 a. 2 ad 4"><a name="36833"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	953 "ref">[36833] Iª-IIae q. 76 a. 2 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	954 dicendum quod licet, transeunte reatu per poenitentiam, remaneat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	955 ignorantia secundum quod est privatio scientiae; non tamen remanet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	956 negligentia, secundum quam ignorantia peccatum dicitur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	957 <p title="I-II q. 76 a. 2 ad 5"><a name="36834"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	958 "ref">[36834] Iª-IIae q. 76 a. 2 ad 5</span></a> Ad quintum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	959 dicendum quod, sicut in aliis peccatis omissionis solo illo tempore
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	960 homo actu peccat, pro quo praeceptum affirmativum obligat; ita est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	961 etiam de peccato ignorantiae. Non enim continuo ignorans actu
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	962 peccat, sed solum quando est tempus acquirendi scientiam quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	963 habere tenetur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	964 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	965 <div class="E">Articulus 3</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	966 <p title="I-II q. 76 a. 3 arg. 1"><a name="36835"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	967 "ref">[36835] Iª-IIae q. 76 a. 3 arg. 1</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	968 sic proceditur. Videtur quod ignorantia, ex toto excuset a peccato.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	969 Quia, ut Augustinus dicit, omne peccatum voluntarium est. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	970 ignorantia causat involuntarium ut supra habitum est. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	971 ignorantia totaliter excusat peccatum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	972 <p title="I-II q. 76 a. 3 arg. 2"><a name="36836"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	973 "ref">[36836] Iª-IIae q. 76 a. 3 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	974 id quod aliquis facit praeter intentionem, per accidens agit. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	975 intentio non potest esse de eo quod est ignotum. Ergo id quod per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	976 ignorantiam homo agit, per accidens se habet in actibus humanis.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	977 Sed quod est per accidens, non dat speciem. Nihil ergo quod est per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	978 ignorantiam factum, debet iudicari peccatum vel virtuosum in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	979 humanis actibus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	980 <p title="I-II q. 76 a. 3 arg. 3"><a name="36837"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	981 "ref">[36837] Iª-IIae q. 76 a. 3 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	982 homo est subiectum virtutis et peccati inquantum est particeps
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	983 rationis. Sed ignorantia excludit scientiam, per quam ratio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	984 perficitur. Ergo ignorantia totaliter excusat a peccato.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	985 <p title="I-II q. 76 a. 3 s. c."><a name="36838"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	986 "ref">[36838] Iª-IIae q. 76 a. 3 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	987 est quod Augustinus dicit, in libro de Lib. Arb., quod <i>quaedam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	988 per ignorantiam facta, recte improbantur</i>. Sed solum illa recte
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	989 improbantur quae sunt peccata. Ergo quaedam per ignorantiam facta,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	990 sunt peccata. Non ergo ignorantia omnino excusat a peccato.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	991 <p title="I-II q. 76 a. 3 co."><a name="36839"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	992 "ref">[36839] Iª-IIae q. 76 a. 3 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	993 dicendum quod ignorantia de se habet quod faciat actum quem causat,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	994 involuntarium esse. Iam autem dictum est quod ignorantia dicitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	995 causare actum quem scientia opposita prohibebat. Et ita talis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	996 actus, si scientia adesset, esset contrarius voluntati, quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	997 importat nomen involuntarii. Si vero scientia quae per ignorantiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	998 privatur, non prohiberet actum, propter inclinationem voluntatis in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	999 ipsum; ignorantia huius scientiae non facit hominem involuntarium,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1000 sed non volentem, ut dicitur in III Ethic. Et talis ignorantia,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1001 quae non est causa actus peccati, ut dictum est, quia non causat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1002 involuntarium, non excusat a peccato. Et eadem ratio est de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1003 quacumque ignorantia non causante, sed consequente vel concomitante
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1004 actum peccati. Sed ignorantia quae est causa actus, quia causat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1005 involuntarium, de se habet quod excuset a peccato, eo quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1006 voluntarium est de ratione peccati. Sed quod aliquando non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1007 totaliter excuset a peccato, potest contingere ex duobus. Uno modo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1008 ex parte ipsius rei ignoratae. Intantum enim ignorantia excusat a
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1009 peccato, inquantum ignoratur aliquid esse peccatum. Potest autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1010 contingere quod aliquis ignoret quidem aliquam circumstantiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1011 peccati, quam si sciret, retraheretur a peccando, sive illa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1012 circumstantia faciat ad rationem peccati sive non; et tamen adhuc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1013 remanet in eius scientia aliquid per quod cognoscit illud esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1014 actum peccati. Puta si aliquis percutiens aliquem, sciat quidem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1015 ipsum esse hominem, quod sufficit ad rationem peccati; non tamen
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1016 scit eum esse patrem, quod est circumstantia constituens novam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1017 speciem peccati; vel forte nescit quod ille se defendens
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1018 repercutiat eum, quod si sciret, non percuteret, quod non pertinet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1019 ad rationem peccati. Unde licet talis propter ignorantiam peccet,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1020 non tamen totaliter excusatur a peccato, quia adhuc remanet ei
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1021 cognitio peccati. Alio modo potest hoc contingere ex parte ipsius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1022 ignorantiae, quia scilicet ipsa ignorantia est voluntaria, vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1023 directe, sicut cum aliquis studiose vult nescire aliqua, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1024 liberius peccet; vel indirecte, sicut cum aliquis propter laborem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1025 vel propter alias occupationes, negligit addiscere id per quod a
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1026 peccato retraheretur. Talis enim negligentia facit ignorantiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1027 ipsam esse voluntariam et peccatum, dummodo sit eorum quae quis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1028 scire tenetur et potest. Et ideo talis ignorantia non totaliter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1029 excusat a peccato. Si vero sit talis ignorantia quae omnino sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1030 involuntaria, sive quia est invincibilis, sive quia est eius quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1031 quis scire non tenetur; talis ignorantia omnino excusat a
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1032 peccato.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1033 <p title="I-II q. 76 a. 3 ad 1"><a name="36840"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1034 "ref">[36840] Iª-IIae q. 76 a. 3 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1035 ergo dicendum quod non omnis ignorantia causat involuntarium, sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1036 supra dictum est. Unde non omnis ignorantia totaliter excusat a
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1037 peccato.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1038 <p title="I-II q. 76 a. 3 ad 2"><a name="36841"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1039 "ref">[36841] Iª-IIae q. 76 a. 3 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1040 dicendum quod inquantum remanet in ignorante de voluntario,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1041 intantum remanet de intentione peccati. Et secundum hoc, non erit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1042 per accidens peccatum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1043 <p title="I-II q. 76 a. 3 ad 3"><a name="36842"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1044 "ref">[36842] Iª-IIae q. 76 a. 3 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1045 dicendum quod, si esset talis ignorantia quae totaliter usum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1046 rationis excluderet, omnino a peccato excusaret, sicut patet in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1047 furiosis et amentibus. Non autem semper ignorantia causans peccatum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1048 est talis. Et ideo non semper totaliter excusat a peccato.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1049 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1050 <div class="E">Articulus 4</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1051 <p title="I-II q. 76 a. 4 arg. 1"><a name="36843"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1052 "ref">[36843] Iª-IIae q. 76 a. 4 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quartum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1053 sic proceditur. Videtur quod ignorantia non diminuat peccatum.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1054 Illud enim quod est commune in omni peccato, non diminuit peccatum.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1055 Sed ignorantia est communis in omni peccato, dicit enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1056 philosophus, in III Ethic., quod omnis malus est ignorans. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1057 ignorantia non diminuit peccatum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1058 <p title="I-II q. 76 a. 4 arg. 2"><a name="36844"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1059 "ref">[36844] Iª-IIae q. 76 a. 4 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1060 peccatum additum peccato facit maius peccatum. Sed ipsa ignorantia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1061 est peccatum, ut dictum est. Ergo non diminuit peccatum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1062 <p title="I-II q. 76 a. 4 arg. 3"><a name="36845"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1063 "ref">[36845] Iª-IIae q. 76 a. 4 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1064 non est eiusdem aggravare et diminuere peccatum. Sed ignorantia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1065 aggravat peccatum, quoniam super illud apostoli, <i>ignoras quoniam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1066 benignitas Dei,</i> etc., dicit Ambrosius, <i>gravissime peccas, si
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1067 ignoras</i>. Ergo ignorantia non diminuit peccatum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1068 <p title="I-II q. 76 a. 4 arg. 4"><a name="36846"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1069 "ref">[36846] Iª-IIae q. 76 a. 4 arg. 4</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1070 si aliqua ignorantia diminuit peccatum, hoc maxime videtur de illa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1071 quae totaliter tollit usum rationis. Sed huiusmodi ignorantia non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1072 minuit peccatum, sed magis auget, dicit enim philosophus, in III
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1073 Ethic., quod <i>ebrius meretur duplices maledictiones</i>. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1074 ignorantia non minuit peccatum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1075 <p title="I-II q. 76 a. 4 s. c."><a name="36847"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1076 "ref">[36847] Iª-IIae q. 76 a. 4 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1077 quidquid est ratio remissionis peccati, alleviat peccatum. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1078 ignorantia est huiusmodi, ut patet I ad Tim. I, <i>misericordiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1079 consecutus sum, quia ignorans feci</i>. Ergo ignorantia diminuit,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1080 vel alleviat peccatum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1081 <p title="I-II q. 76 a. 4 co."><a name="36848"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1082 "ref">[36848] Iª-IIae q. 76 a. 4 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1083 dicendum quod, quia omne peccatum est voluntarium, intantum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1084 ignorantia potest diminuere peccatum, inquantum diminuit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1085 voluntarium, si autem voluntarium non diminuat, nullo modo diminuet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1086 peccatum. Manifestum est autem quod ignorantia quae totaliter a
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1087 peccato excusat, quia totaliter voluntarium tollit, peccatum non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1088 minuit, sed omnino aufert. Ignorantia vero quae non est causa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1089 peccati, sed concomitanter se habet ad peccatum, nec minuit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1090 peccatum nec auget. Illa igitur sola ignorantia potest peccatum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1091 minuere, quae est causa peccati, et tamen totaliter a peccato non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1092 excusat. Contingit autem quandoque quod talis ignorantia directe et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1093 per se est voluntaria, sicut cum aliquis sua sponte nescit aliquid,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1094 ut liberius peccet. Et talis ignorantia videtur augere voluntarium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1095 et peccatum, ex intensione enim voluntatis ad peccandum provenit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1096 quod aliquis vult subire ignorantiae damnum, propter libertatem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1097 peccandi. Quandoque vero ignorantia quae est causa peccati, non est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1098 directe voluntaria, sed indirecte vel per accidens, puta cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1099 aliquis non vult laborare in studio, ex quo sequitur eum esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1100 ignorantem; vel cum aliquis vult bibere vinum immoderate, ex quo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1101 sequitur eum inebriari et discretione carere. Et talis ignorantia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1102 diminuit voluntarium, et per consequens peccatum. Cum enim aliquid
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1103 non cognoscitur esse peccatum, non potest dici quod voluntas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1104 directe et per se feratur in peccatum, sed per accidens, unde est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1105 ibi minor contemptus, et per consequens minus peccatum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1106 <p title="I-II q. 76 a. 4 ad 1"><a name="36849"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1107 "ref">[36849] Iª-IIae q. 76 a. 4 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1108 ergo dicendum quod ignorantia secundum quam omnis malus est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1109 ignorans, non est causa peccati; sed aliquid consequens ad causam,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1110 scilicet ad passionem vel habitum inclinantem in peccatum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1111 <p title="I-II q. 76 a. 4 ad 2"><a name="36850"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1112 "ref">[36850] Iª-IIae q. 76 a. 4 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1113 dicendum quod peccatum peccato additum facit plura peccata, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1114 tamen facit semper maius peccatum, quia forte non coincidunt in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1115 idem peccatum, sed sunt plura. Et potest contingere, si primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1116 diminuat secundum, quod ambo simul non habeant tantam gravitatem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1117 quantam unum solum haberet. Sicut homicidium gravius peccatum est a
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1118 sobrio homine factum, quam si fiat ab ebrio, quamvis haec sint duo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1119 peccata, quia ebrietas plus diminuit de ratione sequentis peccati,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1120 quam sit sua gravitas.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1121 <p title="I-II q. 76 a. 4 ad 3"><a name="36851"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1122 "ref">[36851] Iª-IIae q. 76 a. 4 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1123 dicendum quod verbum Ambrosii potest intelligi de ignorantia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1124 simpliciter affectata. Vel potest intelligi in genere peccati
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1125 ingratitudinis, in qua summus gradus est quod homo etiam beneficia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1126 non recognoscat. Vel potest intelligi de ignorantia infidelitatis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1127 quae fundamentum spiritualis aedificii subvertit.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1128 <p title="I-II q. 76 a. 4 ad 4"><a name="36852"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1129 "ref">[36852] Iª-IIae q. 76 a. 4 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1130 dicendum quod ebrius meretur quidem duplices maledictiones, propter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1131 duo peccata quae committit, scilicet ebrietatem et aliud peccatum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1132 quod ex ebrietate sequitur. Tamen ebrietas, ratione ignorantiae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1133 adiunctae, diminuit sequens peccatum, et forte plus quam sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1134 gravitas ipsius ebrietatis, ut dictum est. Vel potest dici quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1135 illud verbum inducitur secundum ordinationem cuiusdam Pittaci
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1136 legislatoris, qui statuit <i>ebrios, si percusserint, amplius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1137 puniendos; non ad veniam respiciens, quam ebrii debent magis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1138 habere; sed ad utilitatem, quia plures iniuriantur ebrii quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1139 sobrii</i>; ut patet per philosophum, in II politicorum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1140 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1141 <div class="D">Quaestio 77</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1142 <div class="G">Prooemium</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1143 <p title="I-II q. 77 pr."><a name="36853"><span class="ref">[36853]
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1144 Iª-IIae q. 77 pr.</span></a> Deinde considerandum est de causa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1145 peccati ex parte appetitus sensitivi, utrum passio animae sit causa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1146 peccati. Et circa hoc quaeruntur octo. Primo, utrum passio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1147 appetitus sensitivi possit movere vel inclinare voluntatem.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1148 Secundo, utrum possit superare rationem contra eius scientiam.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1149 Tertio, utrum peccatum quod ex passione provenit, sit peccatum ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1150 infirmitate. Quarto, utrum haec passio quae est amor sui, sit causa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1151 omnis peccati. Quinto, de illis tribus causis quae ponuntur I Ioan.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1152 II, <i>concupiscentia oculorum, concupiscentia carnis, et superbia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1153 vitae</i>. Sexto, utrum passio quae est causa peccati, diminuat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1154 ipsum. Septimo, utrum totaliter excuset. Octavo, utrum peccatum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1155 quod ex passione est, possit esse mortale.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1156 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1157 <div class="E">Articulus 1</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1158 <p title="I-II q. 77 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="36854"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1159 "ref">[36854] Iª-IIae q. 77 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1160 sic proceditur. Videtur quod voluntas non moveatur a passione
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1161 appetitus sensitivi. Nulla enim potentia passiva movetur nisi a suo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1162 obiecto. Voluntas autem est potentia passiva et activa simul,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1163 inquantum est movens et mota, sicut in III de anima philosophus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1164 dicit universaliter de vi appetitiva. Cum ergo obiectum voluntatis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1165 non sit passio appetitus sensitivi, sed magis bonum rationis;
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1166 videtur quod passio appetitus sensitivi non moveat voluntatem.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1167 <p title="I-II q. 77 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="36855"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1168 "ref">[36855] Iª-IIae q. 77 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1169 superior motor non movetur ab inferiori, sicut anima non movetur a
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1170 corpore. Sed voluntas, quae est appetitus rationis, comparatur ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1171 appetitum sensitivum sicut motor superior ad inferiorem, dicit enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1172 philosophus, in III de anima, quod <i>appetitus rationis movet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1173 appetitum sensitivum, sicut in corporibus caelestibus sphaera movet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1174 sphaeram</i>. Ergo voluntas non potest moveri a passione appetitus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1175 sensitivi.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1176 <p title="I-II q. 77 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="36856"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1177 "ref">[36856] Iª-IIae q. 77 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1178 nullum immateriale potest moveri ab aliquo materiali. Sed voluntas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1179 est quaedam potentia immaterialis, non enim utitur organo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1180 corporali, cum sit in ratione, ut dicitur in III de anima.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1181 Appetitus autem sensitivus est vis materialis, utpote fundata in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1182 organo corporali. Ergo passio appetitus sensitivi non potest movere
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1183 appetitum intellectivum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1184 <p title="I-II q. 77 a. 1 s. c."><a name="36857"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1185 "ref">[36857] Iª-IIae q. 77 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1186 est quod dicitur Dan. XIII, <i>concupiscentia subvertit cor
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1187 tuum</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1188 <p title="I-II q. 77 a. 1 co."><a name="36858"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1189 "ref">[36858] Iª-IIae q. 77 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1190 dicendum quod passio appetitus sensitivi non potest directe trahere
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1191 aut movere voluntatem, sed indirecte potest. Et hoc dupliciter. Uno
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1192 quidem modo, secundum quandam abstractionem. Cum enim omnes
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1193 potentiae animae in una essentia animae radicentur, necesse est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1194 quod quando una potentia intenditur in suo actu, altera in suo actu
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1195 remittatur, vel etiam totaliter impediatur. Tum quia omnis virtus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1196 ad plura dispersa fit minor, unde e contrario, quando intenditur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1197 circa unum, minus potest ad alia dispergi. Tum quia in operibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1198 animae requiritur quaedam intentio, quae dum vehementer applicatur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1199 ad unum, non potest alteri vehementer attendere. Et secundum hunc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1200 modum, per quandam distractionem, quando motus appetitus sensitivi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1201 fortificatur secundum quamcumque passionem, necesse est quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1202 remittatur, vel totaliter impediatur motus proprius appetitus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1203 rationalis, qui est voluntas. Alio modo, ex parte obiecti
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1204 voluntatis, quod est bonum ratione apprehensum. Impeditur enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1205 iudicium et apprehensio rationis propter vehementem et inordinatam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1206 apprehensionem imaginationis, et iudicium virtutis aestimativae, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1207 patet in amentibus. Manifestum est autem quod passionem appetitus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1208 sensitivi sequitur imaginationis apprehensio, et iudicium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1209 aestimativae, sicut etiam dispositionem linguae sequitur iudicium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1210 gustus. Unde videmus quod homines in aliqua passione existentes,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1211 non facile imaginationem avertunt ab his circa quae afficiuntur.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1212 Unde per consequens iudicium rationis plerumque sequitur passionem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1213 appetitus sensitivi; et per consequens motus voluntatis, qui natus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1214 est sequi iudicium rationis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1215 <p title="I-II q. 77 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="36859"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1216 "ref">[36859] Iª-IIae q. 77 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1217 ergo dicendum quod per passionem appetitus sensitivi fit aliqua
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1218 immutatio circa iudicium de obiecto voluntatis, sicut dictum est;
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1219 quamvis ipsa passio appetitus sensitivi non sit directe voluntatis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1220 obiectum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1221 <p title="I-II q. 77 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="36860"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1222 "ref">[36860] Iª-IIae q. 77 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1223 dicendum quod superius non movetur ab inferiori directe, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1224 indirecte quodammodo moveri potest, sicut dictum est.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1225 <p title="I-II q. 77 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="36861"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1226 "ref">[36861] Iª-IIae q. 77 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Et similiter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1227 dicendum est ad tertium.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1228 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1229 <div class="E">Articulus 2</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1230 <p title="I-II q. 77 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="36862"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1231 "ref">[36862] Iª-IIae q. 77 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1232 sic proceditur. Videtur quod ratio non possit superari a passione
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1233 contra suam scientiam. Fortius enim non vincitur a debiliori. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1234 scientia, propter suam certitudinem, est fortissimum eorum quae in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1235 nobis sunt. Ergo non potest superari a passione, quae est debilis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1236 et cito transiens.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1237 <p title="I-II q. 77 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="36863"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1238 "ref">[36863] Iª-IIae q. 77 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1239 voluntas non est nisi boni vel apparentis boni. Sed cum passio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1240 trahit voluntatem in id quod est vere bonum, non inclinat rationem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1241 contra scientiam. Cum autem trahit eam in id quod est apparens
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1242 bonum et non existens, trahit eam in id quod rationi videtur, hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1243 autem est in scientia rationis, quod ei videtur. Ergo passio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1244 nunquam inclinat rationem contra suam scientiam.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1245 <p title="I-II q. 77 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="36864"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1246 "ref">[36864] Iª-IIae q. 77 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a> Si dicatur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1247 quod trahit rationem scientem aliquid in universali, ut contrarium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1248 iudicet in particulari, contra, universalis et particularis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1249 propositio, si opponantur, opponuntur secundum contradictionem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1250 sicut omnis homo et non omnis homo. Sed duae opiniones quae sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1251 contradictoriarum, sunt contrariae, ut dicitur in II peri Herm. Si
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1252 igitur aliquis sciens aliquid in universali, iudicaret oppositum in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1253 singulari, sequeretur quod haberet simul contrarias opiniones, quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1254 est impossibile.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1255 <p title="I-II q. 77 a. 2 arg. 4"><a name="36865"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1256 "ref">[36865] Iª-IIae q. 77 a. 2 arg. 4</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1257 quicumque scit universale, scit etiam particulare quod novit sub
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1258 universali contineri; sicut quicumque scit omnem mulam esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1259 sterilem, scit hoc animal esse sterile, dummodo sciat quod sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1260 mula; ut patet per id quod dicitur in I Poster. Sed ille qui scit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1261 aliquid in universali, puta nullam fornicationem esse faciendam,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1262 scit hoc particulare sub universali contineri, puta hunc actum esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1263 fornicarium. Ergo videtur quod etiam in particulari sciat.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1264 <p title="I-II q. 77 a. 2 arg. 5"><a name="36866"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1265 "ref">[36866] Iª-IIae q. 77 a. 2 arg. 5</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1266 ea quae sunt in voce, sunt signa intellectus animae, secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1267 philosophum. Sed homo in passione existens frequenter confitetur id
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1268 quod eligit esse malum etiam in particulari. Ergo etiam in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1269 particulari habet scientiam. Sic igitur videtur quod passiones non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1270 possint trahere rationem contra scientiam universalem, quia non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1271 potest esse quod habeat scientiam universalem, et existimet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1272 oppositum in particulari.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1273 <p title="I-II q. 77 a. 2 s. c."><a name="36867"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1274 "ref">[36867] Iª-IIae q. 77 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1275 est quod dicit apostolus, Rom. VII, <i>video aliam legem in membris
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1276 meis repugnantem legi mentis meae, et captivantem me in lege
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1277 peccati</i>. Lex autem quae est in membris, est concupiscentia, de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1278 qua supra locutus fuerat. Cum igitur concupiscentia sit passio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1279 quaedam, videtur quod passio trahat rationem etiam contra hoc quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1280 scit.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1281 <p title="I-II q. 77 a. 2 co."><a name="36868"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1282 "ref">[36868] Iª-IIae q. 77 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1283 dicendum quod opinio Socratis fuit, ut philosophus dicit in VII
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1284 Ethic., quod scientia nunquam posset superari a passione. Unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1285 ponebat omnes virtutes esse scientias, et omnia peccata esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1286 ignorantias. In quo quidem aliqualiter recte sapiebat. Quia cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1287 voluntas sit boni vel apparentis boni, nunquam voluntas in malum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1288 moveretur, nisi id quod non est bonum, aliqualiter rationi bonum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1289 appareret, et propter hoc voluntas nunquam in malum tenderet, nisi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1290 cum aliqua ignorantia vel errore rationis. Unde dicitur Prov. XIV,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1291 <i>errant qui operantur malum</i>. Sed quia experimento patet quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1292 multi agunt contra ea quorum scientiam habent; et hoc etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1293 auctoritate divina confirmatur, secundum illud Luc. XII, <i>servus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1294 qui cognovit voluntatem domini sui et non fecit, plagis vapulabit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1295 multis</i>; et Iac. IV dicitur, scienti bonum facere et non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1296 facienti, peccatum est illi, non simpliciter verum dixit, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1297 oportet distinguere, ut philosophus tradit in VII Ethic. Cum enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1298 ad recte agendum homo dirigatur duplici scientia, scilicet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1299 universali et particulari; utriusque defectus sufficit ad hoc quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1300 impediatur rectitudo operis et voluntatis, ut supra dictum est.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1301 Contingit igitur quod aliquis habeat scientiam in universali, puta
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1302 nullam fornicationem esse faciendam; sed tamen non cognoscat in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1303 particulari hunc actum qui est fornicatio, non esse faciendum. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1304 hoc sufficit ad hoc quod voluntas non sequatur universalem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1305 scientiam rationis. Iterum considerandum est quod nihil prohibet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1306 aliquid sciri in habitu, quod tamen actu non consideratur. Potest
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1307 igitur contingere quod aliquis etiam rectam scientiam habeat in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1308 singulari, et non solum in universali, sed tamen in actu non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1309 consideret. Et tunc non videtur difficile quod praeter id quod actu
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1310 non considerat, homo agat. Quod autem homo non consideret in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1311 particulari id quod habitualiter scit, quandoque quidem contingit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1312 ex solo defectu intentionis, puta cum homo sciens geometriam, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1313 intendit ad considerandum geometriae conclusiones, quas statim in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1314 promptu habet considerare. Quandoque autem homo non considerat id
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1315 quod habet in habitu propter aliquod impedimentum superveniens,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1316 puta propter aliquam occupationem exteriorem, vel propter aliquam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1317 infirmitatem corporalem. Et hoc modo ille qui est in passione
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1318 constitutus, non considerat in particulari id quod scit in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1319 universali, inquantum passio impedit talem considerationem. Impedit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1320 autem tripliciter. Primo, per quandam distractionem, sicut supra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1321 expositum est. Secundo, per contrarietatem, quia plerumque passio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1322 inclinat ad contrarium huius quod scientia universalis habet.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1323 Tertio, per quandam immutationem corporalem, ex qua ratio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1324 quodammodo ligatur, ne libere in actum exeat, sicut etiam somnus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1325 vel ebrietas, quadam corporali transmutatione facta, ligant usum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1326 rationis. Et quod hoc contingat in passionibus, patet ex hoc quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1327 aliquando, cum passiones multum intenduntur, homo amittit totaliter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1328 usum rationis, multi enim propter abundantiam amoris et irae, sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1329 in insaniam conversi. Et per hunc modum passio trahit rationem ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1330 iudicandum in particulari contra scientiam quam habet in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1331 universali.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1332 <p title="I-II q. 77 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="36869"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1333 "ref">[36869] Iª-IIae q. 77 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1334 ergo dicendum quod scientia universalis, quae est certissima, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1335 habet principalitatem in operatione, sed magis scientia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1336 particularis, eo quod operationes sunt circa singularia. Unde non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1337 est mirum si in operabilibus passio agit contra scientiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1338 universalem, absente consideratione in particulari.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1339 <p title="I-II q. 77 a. 2 ad 2"><a name="36870"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1340 "ref">[36870] Iª-IIae q. 77 a. 2 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1341 dicendum quod hoc ipsum quod rationi videatur in particulari
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1342 aliquid bonum quod non est bonum, contingit ex aliqua passione. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1343 tamen hoc particulare iudicium est contra universalem scientiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1344 rationis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1345 <p title="I-II q. 77 a. 2 ad 3"><a name="36871"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1346 "ref">[36871] Iª-IIae q. 77 a. 2 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1347 dicendum quod non posset contingere quod aliquis haberet simul in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1348 actu scientiam aut opinionem veram de universali affirmativo, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1349 opinionem falsam de particulari negativo, aut e converso. Sed bene
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1350 potest contingere quod aliquis habeat veram scientiam habitualiter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1351 de universali affirmativo, et falsam opinionem in actu de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1352 particulari negativo, actus enim directe non contrariatur habitui,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1353 sed actui.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1354 <p title="I-II q. 77 a. 2 ad 4"><a name="36872"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1355 "ref">[36872] Iª-IIae q. 77 a. 2 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1356 dicendum quod ille qui habet scientiam in universali, propter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1357 passionem impeditur ne possit sub illa universali sumere, et ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1358 conclusionem pervenire, sed assumit sub alia universali, quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1359 suggerit inclinatio passionis, et sub ea concludit. Unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1360 philosophus dicit, in VII Ethic., quod syllogismus incontinentis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1361 habet quatuor propositiones, duas universales, quarum una est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1362 rationis, puta nullam fornicationem esse committendam; alia est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1363 passionis, puta delectationem esse sectandam. Passio igitur ligat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1364 rationem ne assumat et concludat sub prima, unde, ea durante,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1365 assumit et concludit sub secunda.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1366 <p title="I-II q. 77 a. 2 ad 5"><a name="36873"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1367 "ref">[36873] Iª-IIae q. 77 a. 2 ad 5</span></a> Ad quintum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1368 dicendum quod, sicut ebrius quandoque proferre potest verba
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1369 significantia profundas sententias, quas tamen mente diiudicare non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1370 potest, ebrietate prohibente; ita in passione existens, etsi ore
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1371 proferat hoc non esse faciendum, tamen interius hoc animo sentit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1372 quod sit faciendum, ut dicitur in VII Ethic.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1373 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1374 <div class="E">Articulus 3</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1375 <p title="I-II q. 77 a. 3 arg. 1"><a name="36874"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1376 "ref">[36874] Iª-IIae q. 77 a. 3 arg. 1</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1377 sic proceditur. Videtur quod peccatum quod est ex passione, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1378 debeat dici ex infirmitate. Passio enim est quidam vehemens motus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1379 appetitus sensitivi, ut dictum est. Vehementia autem motus magis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1380 attestatur fortitudini quam infirmitati. Ergo peccatum quod est ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1381 passione, non debet dici ex infirmitate.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1382 <p title="I-II q. 77 a. 3 arg. 2"><a name="36875"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1383 "ref">[36875] Iª-IIae q. 77 a. 3 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1384 infirmitas hominis maxime attenditur secundum illud quod est in eo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1385 fragilius. Hoc autem est caro, unde dicitur in Psalmo LXXVII,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1386 <i>recordatus est quia caro sunt</i>. Ergo magis debet dici
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1387 peccatum ex infirmitate quod est ex aliquo corporis defectu, quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1388 quod est ex animae passione.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1389 <p title="I-II q. 77 a. 3 arg. 3"><a name="36876"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1390 "ref">[36876] Iª-IIae q. 77 a. 3 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1391 ad ea non videtur homo esse infirmus, quae eius voluntati
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1392 subduntur. Sed facere vel non facere ea ad quae passio inclinat,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1393 hominis voluntati subditur, secundum illud Gen. IV, <i>sub te erit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1394 appetitus tuus, et tu dominaberis illius</i>. Ergo peccatum quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1395 est ex passione, non est ex infirmitate.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1396 <p title="I-II q. 77 a. 3 s. c."><a name="36877"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1397 "ref">[36877] Iª-IIae q. 77 a. 3 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1398 est quod Tullius, in IV libro de Tuscul. quaest., passiones animae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1399 aegritudines vocat. Aegritudines autem alio nomine infirmitates
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1400 dicuntur. Ergo peccatum quod est ex passione, debet dici ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1401 infirmitate.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1402 <p title="I-II q. 77 a. 3 co."><a name="36878"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1403 "ref">[36878] Iª-IIae q. 77 a. 3 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1404 dicendum quod causa peccati propria est ex parte animae in qua
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1405 principaliter est peccatum. Potest autem dici infirmitas in anima
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1406 ad similitudinem infirmitatis corporis. Dicitur autem corpus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1407 hominis esse infirmum, quando debilitatur vel impeditur in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1408 executione propriae operationis, propter aliquam inordinationem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1409 partium corporis, ita scilicet quod humores et membra hominis non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1410 subduntur virtuti regitivae et motivae corporis. Unde et membrum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1411 dicitur esse infirmum, quando non potest perficere operationem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1412 membri sani, sicut oculus quando non potest clare videre, ut dicit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1413 philosophus, in X de historiis animalium. Unde et infirmitas animae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1414 dicitur quando impeditur anima in propria operatione, propter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1415 inordinationem partium ipsius. Sicut autem partes corporis dicuntur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1416 esse inordinatae, quando non sequuntur ordinem naturae; ita et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1417 partes animae dicuntur inordinatae, quando non subduntur ordini
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1418 rationis, ratio enim est vis regitiva partium animae. Sic ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1419 quando extra ordinem rationis vis concupiscibilis aut irascibilis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1420 aliqua passione afficitur, et per hoc impedimentum praestatur modo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1421 praedicto debitae actioni hominis, dicitur peccatum esse ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1422 infirmitate. Unde et philosophus, in I Ethic., comparat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1423 incontinentem paralytico, cuius partes moventur in contrarium eius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1424 quod ipse disponit.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1425 <p title="I-II q. 77 a. 3 ad 1"><a name="36879"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1426 "ref">[36879] Iª-IIae q. 77 a. 3 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1427 ergo dicendum quod, sicut quanto fuerit motus fortior in corpore
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1428 praeter ordinem naturae, tanto est maior infirmitas; ita quanto
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1429 fuerit motus fortior passionis praeter ordinem rationis, tanto est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1430 maior infirmitas animae.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1431 <p title="I-II q. 77 a. 3 ad 2"><a name="36880"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1432 "ref">[36880] Iª-IIae q. 77 a. 3 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1433 dicendum quod peccatum principaliter consistit in actu voluntatis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1434 qui non impeditur per corporis infirmitatem, potest enim qui est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1435 corpore infirmus, promptam habere voluntatem ad aliquid faciendum.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1436 Impeditur autem per passionem, ut supra dictum est. Unde cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1437 dicitur peccatum esse ex infirmitate, magis est referendum ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1438 infirmitatem animae quam ad infirmitatem corporis. Dicitur tamen
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1439 etiam ipsa infirmitas animae infirmitas carnis, inquantum ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1440 conditione carnis passiones animae insurgunt in nobis, eo quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1441 appetitus sensitivus est virtus utens organo corporali.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1442 <p title="I-II q. 77 a. 3 ad 3"><a name="36881"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1443 "ref">[36881] Iª-IIae q. 77 a. 3 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1444 dicendum quod in potestate quidem voluntatis est assentire vel non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1445 assentire his in quae passio inclinat, et pro tanto dicitur noster
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1446 appetitus sub nobis esse. Sed tamen ipse assensus vel dissensus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1447 voluntatis impeditur per passionem, modo praedicto.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1448 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1449 <div class="E">Articulus 4</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1450 <p title="I-II q. 77 a. 4 arg. 1"><a name="36882"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1451 "ref">[36882] Iª-IIae q. 77 a. 4 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quartum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1452 sic proceditur. Videtur quod amor sui non sit principium omnis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1453 peccati. Id enim quod est secundum se bonum et debitum, non est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1454 propria causa peccati. Sed amor sui est secundum se bonum et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1455 debitum, unde et praecipitur homini ut diligat proximum sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1456 seipsum, Levit. XIX. Ergo amor sui non potest esse propria causa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1457 peccati.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1458 <p title="I-II q. 77 a. 4 arg. 2"><a name="36883"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1459 "ref">[36883] Iª-IIae q. 77 a. 4 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1460 apostolus dicit, Rom. VII, <i>occasione accepta, peccatum per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1461 mandatum operatum est in me omnem concupiscentiam</i>, ubi Glossa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1462 dicit quod <i>bona est lex, quae, dum concupiscentiam prohibet,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1463 omne malum prohibet</i>, quod dicitur propter hoc, quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1464 concupiscentia est causa omnis peccati. Sed concupiscentia est alia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1465 passio ab amore, ut supra habitum est. Ergo amor sui non est causa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1466 omnis peccati.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1467 <p title="I-II q. 77 a. 4 arg. 3"><a name="36884"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1468 "ref">[36884] Iª-IIae q. 77 a. 4 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1469 Augustinus, super illud Psalmi, incensa igni et suffossa, dicit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1470 quod omne peccatum est <i>ex amore male inflammante, vel ex timore
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1471 male humiliante</i>. Non ergo solus amor sui est causa peccati.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1472 <p title="I-II q. 77 a. 4 arg. 4"><a name="36885"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1473 "ref">[36885] Iª-IIae q. 77 a. 4 arg. 4</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1474 sicut homo quandoque peccat propter inordinatum sui amorem, ita
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1475 etiam interdum peccat propter inordinatum amorem proximi. Ergo amor
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1476 sui non est causa omnis peccati.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1477 <p title="I-II q. 77 a. 4 s. c."><a name="36886"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1478 "ref">[36886] Iª-IIae q. 77 a. 4 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1479 est quod Augustinus dicit, XIV de Civ. Dei, quod <i>amor sui usque
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1480 ad contemptum Dei, facit civitatem Babylonis</i>. Sed per quodlibet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1481 peccatum pertinet homo ad civitatem Babylonis. Ergo amor sui est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1482 causa omnis peccati.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1483 <p title="I-II q. 77 a. 4 co."><a name="36887"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1484 "ref">[36887] Iª-IIae q. 77 a. 4 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1485 dicendum quod, sicut supra dictum est, propria et per se causa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1486 peccati accipienda est ex parte conversionis ad commutabile bonum;
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1487 ex qua quidem parte omnis actus peccati procedit ex aliquo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1488 inordinato appetitu alicuius temporalis boni. Quod autem aliquis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1489 appetat inordinate aliquod temporale bonum, procedit ex hoc quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1490 inordinate amat seipsum, hoc enim est amare aliquem, velle ei
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1491 bonum. Unde manifestum est quod inordinatus amor sui est causa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1492 omnis peccati.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1493 <p title="I-II q. 77 a. 4 ad 1"><a name="36888"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1494 "ref">[36888] Iª-IIae q. 77 a. 4 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1495 ergo dicendum quod amor sui ordinatus est debitus et naturalis, ita
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1496 scilicet quod velit sibi bonum quod congruit. Sed amor sui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1497 inordinatus, qui perducit ad contemptum Dei, ponitur esse causa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1498 peccati secundum Augustinum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1499 <p title="I-II q. 77 a. 4 ad 2"><a name="36889"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1500 "ref">[36889] Iª-IIae q. 77 a. 4 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1501 dicendum quod concupiscentia, qua aliquis appetit sibi bonum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1502 reducitur ad amorem sui sicut ad causam, ut iam dictum est.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1503 <p title="I-II q. 77 a. 4 ad 3"><a name="36890"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1504 "ref">[36890] Iª-IIae q. 77 a. 4 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1505 dicendum quod aliquis dicitur amare et illud bonum quod optat sibi,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1506 et se, cui bonum optat. Amor igitur secundum quod dicitur eius esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1507 quod optatur, puta quod aliquis dicitur amare vinum vel pecuniam,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1508 recipit pro causa timorem, qui pertinet ad fugam mali. Omne enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1509 peccatum provenit vel ex inordinato appetitu alicuius boni, vel ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1510 inordinata fuga alicuius mali. Sed utrumque horum reducitur ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1511 amorem sui. Propter hoc enim homo vel appetit bona vel fugit mala,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1512 quia amat seipsum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1513 <p title="I-II q. 77 a. 4 ad 4"><a name="36891"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1514 "ref">[36891] Iª-IIae q. 77 a. 4 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1515 dicendum quod amicus est quasi alter ipse. Et ideo quod peccatur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1516 propter amorem amici, videtur propter amorem sui peccari.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1517 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1518 <div class="E">Articulus 5</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1519 <p title="I-II q. 77 a. 5 arg. 1"><a name="36892"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1520 "ref">[36892] Iª-IIae q. 77 a. 5 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quintum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1521 sic proceditur. Videtur quod inconvenienter ponantur causae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1522 peccatorum esse concupiscentia carnis, concupiscentia oculorum, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1523 superbia vitae. Quia secundum apostolum, I ad Tim. ult., <i>radix
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1524 omnium malorum est cupiditas</i>. Sed superbia vitae sub cupiditate
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1525 non continetur. Ergo non oportet poni inter causas peccatorum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1526 <p title="I-II q. 77 a. 5 arg. 2"><a name="36893"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1527 "ref">[36893] Iª-IIae q. 77 a. 5 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1528 concupiscentia carnis maxime ex visione oculorum excitatur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1529 secundum illud Dan. XIII, <i>species decepit te</i>. Ergo non debet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1530 dividi concupiscentia oculorum contra concupiscentiam carnis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1531 <p title="I-II q. 77 a. 5 arg. 3"><a name="36894"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1532 "ref">[36894] Iª-IIae q. 77 a. 5 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1533 concupiscentia est delectabilis appetitus, ut supra habitum est.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1534 Delectationes autem contingunt non solum secundum visum, sed etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1535 secundum alios sensus. Ergo deberet etiam poni concupiscentia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1536 auditus, et aliorum sensuum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1537 <p title="I-II q. 77 a. 5 arg. 4"><a name="36895"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1538 "ref">[36895] Iª-IIae q. 77 a. 5 arg. 4</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1539 sicut homo inducitur ad peccandum ex inordinata concupiscentia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1540 boni, ita etiam ex inordinata fuga mali, ut dictum est. Sed nihil
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1541 hic enumeratur pertinens ad fugam mali. Ergo insufficienter causae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1542 peccatorum tanguntur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1543 <p title="I-II q. 77 a. 5 s. c."><a name="36896"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1544 "ref">[36896] Iª-IIae q. 77 a. 5 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1545 est quod dicitur I Ioan. II, <i>omne quod est in mundo, aut est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1546 concupiscentia carnis, aut concupiscentia oculorum, aut superbia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1547 vitae</i>. In mundo autem dicitur aliquid esse propter peccatum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1548 unde et ibidem, dicit quod <i>totus mundus in maligno positus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1549 est</i>. Ergo praedicta tria sunt causae peccatorum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1550 <p title="I-II q. 77 a. 5 co."><a name="36897"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1551 "ref">[36897] Iª-IIae q. 77 a. 5 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1552 dicendum quod, sicut iam dictum est, inordinatus amor sui est causa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1553 omnis peccati. In amore autem sui includitur inordinatus appetitus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1554 boni, unusquisque enim appetit bonum ei quem amat. Unde manifestum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1555 est quod inordinatus appetitus boni est causa omnis peccati. Bonum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1556 autem dupliciter est obiectum sensibilis appetitus, in quo sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1557 animae passiones, quae sunt causa peccati, uno modo, absolute,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1558 secundum quod est obiectum concupiscibilis; alio modo, sub ratione
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1559 ardui, prout est obiectum irascibilis, ut supra dictum est. Est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1560 autem duplex concupiscentia, sicut supra habitum est. Una quidem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1561 naturalis, quae est eorum quibus natura corporis sustentatur; sive
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1562 quantum ad conservationem individui, sicut cibus et potus et alia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1563 huiusmodi; sive quantum ad conservationem speciei, sicut in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1564 venereis. Et horum inordinatus appetitus dicitur concupiscentia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1565 carnis. Alia est concupiscentia animalis, eorum scilicet quae per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1566 sensum carnis sustentationem aut delectationem non afferunt, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1567 sunt delectabilia secundum apprehensionem imaginationis, aut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1568 alicuius huiusmodi acceptionis, sicut sunt pecunia, ornatus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1569 vestium, et alia huiusmodi. Et haec quidem animalis concupiscentia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1570 vocatur concupiscentia oculorum, sive intelligatur concupiscentia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1571 oculorum, idest ipsius visionis, quae fit per oculos, ut referatur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1572 ad curiositatem, secundum quod Augustinus exponit, X Confess.; sive
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1573 referatur ad concupiscentiam rerum quae exterius oculis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1574 proponuntur, ut referatur ad cupiditatem, secundum quod ab aliis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1575 exponitur. Appetitus autem inordinatus boni ardui pertinet ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1576 superbiam vitae, nam superbia est appetitus inordinatus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1577 excellentiae, ut inferius dicetur. Et sic patet quod ad ista tria
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1578 reduci possunt omnes passiones, quae sunt causa peccati. Nam ad duo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1579 prima reducuntur omnes passiones concupiscibilis, ad tertium autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1580 omnes passiones irascibilis; quod ideo non dividitur in duo, quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1581 omnes passiones irascibilis conformantur concupiscentiae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1582 animali.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1583 <p title="I-II q. 77 a. 5 ad 1"><a name="36898"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1584 "ref">[36898] Iª-IIae q. 77 a. 5 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1585 ergo dicendum quod secundum quod cupiditas importat universaliter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1586 appetitum cuiuscumque boni, sic etiam superbia vitae continetur sub
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1587 cupiditate. Quomodo autem cupiditas, secundum quod est speciale
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1588 vitium, quod avaritia nominatur, sit radix omnium peccatorum, infra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1589 dicetur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1590 <p title="I-II q. 77 a. 5 ad 2"><a name="36899"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1591 "ref">[36899] Iª-IIae q. 77 a. 5 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1592 dicendum quod concupiscentia oculorum non dicitur hic
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1593 concupiscentia omnium rerum quae oculis videri possunt, sed solum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1594 earum in quibus non quaeritur delectatio carnis, quae est secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1595 tactum, sed solum delectatio oculi, idest cuiuscumque apprehensivae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1596 virtutis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1597 <p title="I-II q. 77 a. 5 ad 3"><a name="36900"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1598 "ref">[36900] Iª-IIae q. 77 a. 5 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1599 dicendum quod sensus visus est excellentior inter omnes sensus, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1600 ad plura se extendens, ut dicitur in I Metaphys. Et ideo nomen eius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1601 transfertur ad omnes alios sensus, et etiam ad omnes interiores
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1602 apprehensiones, ut Augustinus dicit, in libro de verbis domini.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1603 <p title="I-II q. 77 a. 5 ad 4"><a name="36901"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1604 "ref">[36901] Iª-IIae q. 77 a. 5 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1605 dicendum quod fuga mali causatur ex appetitu boni, ut supra dictum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1606 est. Et ideo ponuntur solum passiones inclinantes ad bonum, tanquam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1607 causae earum quae faciunt inordinate fugam mali.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1608 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1609 <div class="E">Articulus 6</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1610 <p title="I-II q. 77 a. 6 arg. 1"><a name="36902"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1611 "ref">[36902] Iª-IIae q. 77 a. 6 arg. 1</span></a> Ad sextum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1612 sic proceditur. Videtur quod peccatum non allevietur propter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1613 passionem. Augmentum enim causae auget effectum, si enim calidum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1614 dissolvit, magis calidum magis dissolvit. Sed passio est causa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1615 peccati, ut habitum est. Ergo quanto est intensior passio, tanto
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1616 est maius peccatum. Passio igitur non minuit peccatum, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1617 auget.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1618 <p title="I-II q. 77 a. 6 arg. 2"><a name="36903"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1619 "ref">[36903] Iª-IIae q. 77 a. 6 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1620 sicut se habet passio bona ad meritum, ita se habet mala passio ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1621 peccatum. Sed bona passio auget meritum, tanto enim aliquis magis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1622 videtur mereri, quanto ex maiori misericordia pauperi subvenit.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1623 Ergo etiam mala passio magis aggravat peccatum quam alleviat.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1624 <p title="I-II q. 77 a. 6 arg. 3"><a name="36904"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1625 "ref">[36904] Iª-IIae q. 77 a. 6 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1626 quanto intensiori voluntate aliquis facit peccatum, tanto gravius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1627 videtur peccare. Sed passio impellens voluntatem, facit eam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1628 vehementius ferri in actum peccati. Ergo passio aggravat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1629 peccatum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1630 <p title="I-II q. 77 a. 6 s. c."><a name="36905"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1631 "ref">[36905] Iª-IIae q. 77 a. 6 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1632 passio ipsa concupiscentiae vocatur tentatio carnis. Sed quanto
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1633 aliquis maiori tentatione prosternitur, tanto minus peccat, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1634 patet per Augustinum. Ergo passio diminuit peccatum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1635 <p title="I-II q. 77 a. 6 co."><a name="36906"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1636 "ref">[36906] Iª-IIae q. 77 a. 6 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1637 dicendum quod peccatum essentialiter consistit in actu liberi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1638 arbitrii, quod est facultas voluntatis et rationis. Passio autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1639 est motus appetitus sensitivi. Appetitus autem sensitivus potest se
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1640 habere ad liberum arbitrium et antecedenter, et consequenter.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1641 Antecedenter quidem, secundum quod passio appetitus sensitivi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1642 trahit vel inclinat rationem et voluntatem, ut supra dictum est.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1643 Consequenter autem, secundum quod motus superiorum virium, si sint
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1644 vehementes, redundant in inferiores, non enim potest voluntas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1645 intense moveri in aliquid, quin excitetur aliqua passio in appetitu
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1646 sensitivo. Si igitur accipiatur passio secundum quod praecedit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1647 actum peccati, sic necesse est quod diminuat peccatum. Actus enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1648 intantum est peccatum, inquantum est voluntarium et in nobis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1649 existens. In nobis autem aliquid esse dicitur per rationem et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1650 voluntatem. Unde quanto ratio et voluntas ex se aliquid agunt, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1651 ex impulsu passionis, magis est voluntarium et in nobis existens.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1652 Et secundum hoc passio minuit peccatum, inquantum minuit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1653 voluntarium. Passio autem consequens non diminuit peccatum, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1654 magis auget, vel potius est signum magnitudinis eius, inquantum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1655 scilicet demonstrat intensionem voluntatis ad actum peccati. Et sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1656 verum est quod quanto aliquis maiori libidine vel concupiscentia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1657 peccat, tanto magis peccat.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1658 <p title="I-II q. 77 a. 6 ad 1"><a name="36907"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1659 "ref">[36907] Iª-IIae q. 77 a. 6 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1660 ergo dicendum quod passio est causa peccati ex parte conversionis.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1661 Gravitas autem peccati magis attenditur ex parte aversionis; quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1662 quidem ex conversione sequitur per accidens, idest praeter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1663 intentionem peccantis. Causae autem per accidens augmentatae non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1664 augmentant effectus, sed solum causae per se.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1665 <p title="I-II q. 77 a. 6 ad 2"><a name="36908"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1666 "ref">[36908] Iª-IIae q. 77 a. 6 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1667 dicendum quod bona passio consequens iudicium rationis, augmentat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1668 meritum. Si autem praecedat, ut scilicet homo magis ex passione
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1669 quam ex iudicio rationis moveatur ad bene agendum, talis passio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1670 diminuit bonitatem et laudem actus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1671 <p title="I-II q. 77 a. 6 ad 3"><a name="36909"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1672 "ref">[36909] Iª-IIae q. 77 a. 6 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1673 dicendum quod, etsi motus voluntatis sit intensior ex passione
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1674 incitatus, non tamen ita est voluntatis proprius, sicut si sola
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1675 ratione moveretur ad peccandum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1676 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1677 <div class="E">Articulus 7</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1678 <p title="I-II q. 77 a. 7 arg. 1"><a name="36910"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1679 "ref">[36910] Iª-IIae q. 77 a. 7 arg. 1</span></a> Ad septimum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1680 sic proceditur. Videtur quod passio totaliter excuset a peccato.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1681 Quidquid enim causat involuntarium, excusat totaliter a peccato.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1682 Sed concupiscentia carnis, quae est quaedam passio, causat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1683 involuntarium, secundum illud Gal. V, <i>caro concupiscit adversus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1684 spiritum, ut non quaecumque vultis, illa faciatis</i>. Ergo passio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1685 totaliter excusat a peccato.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1686 <p title="I-II q. 77 a. 7 arg. 2"><a name="36911"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1687 "ref">[36911] Iª-IIae q. 77 a. 7 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1688 passio causat ignorantiam quandam in particulari, ut dictum est.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1689 Sed ignorantia particularis totaliter excusat a peccato, sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1690 supra habitum est. Ergo passio totaliter excusat a peccato.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1691 <p title="I-II q. 77 a. 7 arg. 3"><a name="36912"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1692 "ref">[36912] Iª-IIae q. 77 a. 7 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1693 infirmitas animae gravior est quam infirmitas corporis. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1694 infirmitas corporis totaliter excusat a peccato, ut patet in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1695 phreneticis. Ergo multo magis passio, quae est infirmitas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1696 animae.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1697 <p title="I-II q. 77 a. 7 s. c."><a name="36913"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1698 "ref">[36913] Iª-IIae q. 77 a. 7 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1699 est quod apostolus, Rom. VII, vocat passiones peccatorum, non nisi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1700 quia peccata causant. Quod non esset, si a peccato totaliter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1701 excusarent. Ergo passiones non totaliter a peccato excusant.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1702 <p title="I-II q. 77 a. 7 co."><a name="36914"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1703 "ref">[36914] Iª-IIae q. 77 a. 7 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1704 dicendum quod secundum hoc solum actus aliquis qui de genere suo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1705 est malus, totaliter a peccato excusatur, quod totaliter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1706 involuntarius redditur. Unde si sit talis passio quae totaliter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1707 involuntarium reddat actum sequentem, totaliter a peccato excusat,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1708 alioquin, non totaliter. Circa quod duo consideranda videntur.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1709 Primo quidem, quod aliquid potest esse voluntarium vel secundum se,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1710 sicut quando voluntas directe in ipsum fertur, vel secundum suam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1711 causam, quando voluntas fertur in causam et non in effectum, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1712 patet in eo qui voluntarie inebriatur; ex hoc enim quasi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1713 voluntarium ei imputatur quod per ebrietatem committit. Secundo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1714 considerandum est quod aliquid dicitur voluntarium directe, vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1715 indirecte, directe quidem, id in quod voluntas fertur; indirecte
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1716 autem, illud quod voluntas potuit prohibere, sed non prohibet.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1717 Secundum hoc igitur distinguendum est. Quia passio quandoque quidem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1718 est tanta quod totaliter aufert usum rationis, sicut patet in his
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1719 qui propter amorem vel iram insaniunt. Et tunc si talis passio a
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1720 principio fuit voluntaria, imputatur actus ad peccatum, quia est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1721 voluntarius in sua causa, sicut etiam de ebrietate dictum est. Si
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1722 vero causa non fuit voluntaria, sed naturalis, puta cum aliquis ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1723 aegritudine, vel aliqua huiusmodi causa, incidit in talem passionem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1724 quae totaliter aufert usum rationis; actus omnino redditur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1725 involuntarius, et per consequens totaliter a peccato excusatur.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1726 Quandoque vero passio non est tanta quod totaliter intercipiat usum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1727 rationis. Et tunc ratio potest passionem excludere, divertendo ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1728 alias cogitationes; vel impedire ne suum consequatur effectum, quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1729 membra non applicantur operi nisi per consensum rationis, ut supra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1730 dictum est. Unde talis passio non totaliter excusat a peccato.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1731 <p title="I-II q. 77 a. 7 ad 1"><a name="36915"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1732 "ref">[36915] Iª-IIae q. 77 a. 7 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1733 ergo dicendum quod hoc quod dicitur, <i>ut non quaecumque vultis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1734 illa faciatis</i>, non est referendum ad ea quae fiunt per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1735 exteriorem actum, sed ad interiorem concupiscentiae motum, vellet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1736 enim homo nunquam concupiscere malum. Sicut etiam exponitur id quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1737 dicitur Rom. VII, quod <i>odi malum, illud facio</i>. Vel potest
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1738 referri ad voluntatem praecedentem passionem, ut patet in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1739 continentibus qui contra suum propositum agunt propter suam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1740 concupiscentiam.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1741 <p title="I-II q. 77 a. 7 ad 2"><a name="36916"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1742 "ref">[36916] Iª-IIae q. 77 a. 7 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1743 dicendum quod ignorantia particularis quae totaliter excusat, est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1744 ignorantia circumstantiae quam quidem quis scire non potest, debita
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1745 diligentia adhibita. Sed passio causat ignorantiam iuris in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1746 particulari, dum impedit applicationem communis scientiae ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1747 particularem actum. Quam quidem passionem ratio repellere potest,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1748 ut dictum est.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1749 <p title="I-II q. 77 a. 7 ad 3"><a name="36917"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1750 "ref">[36917] Iª-IIae q. 77 a. 7 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1751 dicendum quod infirmitas corporis est involuntaria. Esset autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1752 simile, si esset voluntaria, sicut de ebrietate dictum est, quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1753 est quaedam corporalis infirmitas.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1754 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1755 <div class="E">Articulus 8</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1756 <p title="I-II q. 77 a. 8 arg. 1"><a name="36918"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1757 "ref">[36918] Iª-IIae q. 77 a. 8 arg. 1</span></a> Ad octavum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1758 sic proceditur. Videtur quod peccatum quod est ex passione, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1759 possit esse mortale. Veniale enim peccatum dividitur contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1760 mortale. Sed peccatum quod est ex infirmitate, est veniale, cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1761 habeat in se causam veniae. Cum igitur peccatum quod est ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1762 passione, sit ex infirmitate, videtur quod non possit esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1763 mortale.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1764 <p title="I-II q. 77 a. 8 arg. 2"><a name="36919"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1765 "ref">[36919] Iª-IIae q. 77 a. 8 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1766 causa non est potior effectu. Sed passio non potest esse peccatum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1767 mortale, non enim in sensualitate est peccatum mortale, ut supra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1768 habitum est. Ergo peccatum quod est ex passione, non potest esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1769 mortale.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1770 <p title="I-II q. 77 a. 8 arg. 3"><a name="36920"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1771 "ref">[36920] Iª-IIae q. 77 a. 8 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1772 passio abducit a ratione, ut ex dictis patet. Sed rationis est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1773 converti ad Deum vel averti ab eo, in quo consistit ratio peccati
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1774 mortalis. Peccatum ergo quod est ex passione, non potest esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1775 mortale.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1776 <p title="I-II q. 77 a. 8 s. c."><a name="36921"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1777 "ref">[36921] Iª-IIae q. 77 a. 8 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1778 est quod apostolus dicit, Rom. VII, quod <i>passiones peccatorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1779 operantur in membris nostris ad fructificandum morti</i>. Hoc autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1780 est proprium mortalis peccati, quod fructificet morti. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1781 peccatum quod est ex passione, potest esse mortale.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1782 <p title="I-II q. 77 a. 8 co."><a name="36922"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1783 "ref">[36922] Iª-IIae q. 77 a. 8 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1784 dicendum quod peccatum mortale, ut supra dictum est, consistit in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1785 aversione ab ultimo fine, qui est Deus, quae quidem aversio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1786 pertinet ad rationem deliberantem, cuius etiam est ordinare in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1787 finem. Hoc igitur solo modo potest contingere quod inclinatio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1788 animae in aliquid quod contrariatur ultimo fini, non sit peccatum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1789 mortale quia ratio deliberans non potest occurrere, quod contingit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1790 in subitis motibus. Cum autem ex passione aliquis procedit ad actum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1791 peccati, vel ad consensum deliberatum, hoc non fit subito. Unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1792 ratio deliberans potest hic occurrere, potest enim excludere, vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1793 saltem impedire passionem, ut dictum est. Unde si non occurrat, est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1794 peccatum mortale, sicut videmus quod multa homicidia et adulteria
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1795 per passionem committuntur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1796 <p title="I-II q. 77 a. 8 ad 1"><a name="36923"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1797 "ref">[36923] Iª-IIae q. 77 a. 8 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1798 ergo dicendum quod veniale dicitur tripliciter. Uno modo, ex causa,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1799 quia scilicet habet aliquam causam veniae, quae diminuit peccatum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1800 et sic peccatum ex infirmitate et ignorantia dicitur veniale. Alio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1801 modo, ex eventu, sicut omne peccatum per poenitentiam fit veniale,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1802 idest veniam consecutum. Tertio modo dicitur veniale ex genere,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1803 sicut verbum otiosum. Et hoc solum veniale opponitur mortali,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1804 obiectio autem procedit de primo.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1805 <p title="I-II q. 77 a. 8 ad 2"><a name="36924"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1806 "ref">[36924] Iª-IIae q. 77 a. 8 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1807 dicendum quod passio est causa peccati ex parte conversionis. Quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1808 autem sit mortale, est ex parte aversionis, quae per accidens
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1809 sequitur ad conversionem, ut dictum est. Unde ratio non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1810 sequitur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1811 <p title="I-II q. 77 a. 8 ad 3"><a name="36925"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1812 "ref">[36925] Iª-IIae q. 77 a. 8 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1813 dicendum quod ratio non semper in suo actu totaliter a passione
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1814 impeditur, unde remanet ei liberum arbitrium, ut possit averti vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1815 converti ad Deum. Si autem totaliter tolleretur usus rationis, iam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1816 non esset peccatum nec mortale nec veniale.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1817 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1818 <div class="D">Quaestio 78</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1819 <div class="G">Prooemium</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1820 <p title="I-II q. 78 pr."><a name="36926"><span class="ref">[36926]
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1821 Iª-IIae q. 78 pr.</span></a> Deinde considerandum est de causa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1822 peccati quae est ex parte voluntatis, quae dicitur malitia. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1823 circa hoc quaeruntur quatuor. Primo, utrum aliquis possit ex certa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1824 malitia, seu industria, peccare. Secundo, utrum quicumque peccat ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1825 habitu, peccet ex certa malitia. Tertio, utrum quicumque peccat ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1826 certa malitia, peccet ex habitu. Quarto, utrum ille qui peccat ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1827 certa malitia, gravius peccet quam ille qui peccat ex passione.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1828 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1829 <div class="E">Articulus 1</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1830 <p title="I-II q. 78 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="36927"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1831 "ref">[36927] Iª-IIae q. 78 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1832 sic proceditur. Videtur quod nullus peccet ex industria, sive ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1833 certa malitia. Ignorantia enim opponitur industriae, seu certae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1834 malitiae. Sed omnis malus est ignorans, secundum philosophum. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1835 Prov. XIV, dicitur, <i>errant qui operantur malum</i>. Ergo nullus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1836 peccat ex certa malitia.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1837 <p title="I-II q. 78 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="36928"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1838 "ref">[36928] Iª-IIae q. 78 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1839 Dionysius dicit, IV cap. de Div. Nom., quod <i>nullus intendens ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1840 malum operatur</i>. Sed hoc videtur esse peccare ex malitia,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1841 intendere malum in peccando, quod enim est praeter intentionem, est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1842 quasi per accidens, et non denominat actum. Ergo nullus ex malitia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1843 peccat.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1844 <p title="I-II q. 78 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="36929"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1845 "ref">[36929] Iª-IIae q. 78 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1846 malitia ipsa peccatum est. Si igitur malitia sit causa peccati,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1847 sequetur quod peccatum sit causa peccati in infinitum, quod est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1848 inconveniens. Nullus igitur ex malitia peccat.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1849 <p title="I-II q. 78 a. 1 s. c."><a name="36930"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1850 "ref">[36930] Iª-IIae q. 78 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1851 est quod dicitur Iob XXXIV, <i>quasi de industria recesserunt a
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1852 Deo, et vias eius intelligere noluerunt</i>. Sed recedere a Deo est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1853 peccare. Ergo aliqui peccant ex industria, seu ex certa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1854 malitia.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1855 <p title="I-II q. 78 a. 1 co."><a name="36931"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1856 "ref">[36931] Iª-IIae q. 78 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1857 dicendum quod homo, sicut et quaelibet alia res, naturaliter habet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1858 appetitum boni. Unde quod ad malum eius appetitus declinet,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1859 contingit ex aliqua corruptione seu inordinatione in aliquo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1860 principiorum hominis, sic enim in actionibus rerum naturalium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1861 peccatum invenitur. Principia autem humanorum actuum sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1862 intellectus et appetitus, tam rationalis, qui dicitur voluntas,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1863 quam sensitivus. Peccatum igitur in humanis actibus contingit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1864 quandoque, sicut ex defectu intellectus, puta cum aliquis per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1865 ignorantiam peccat; et ex defectu appetitus sensitivi, sicut cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1866 aliquis ex passione peccat; ita etiam ex defectu voluntatis, qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1867 est inordinatio ipsius. Est autem voluntas inordinata, quando minus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1868 bonum magis amat. Consequens autem est ut aliquis eligat pati
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1869 detrimentum in bono minus amato, ad hoc quod potiatur bono magis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1870 amato, sicut cum homo vult pati abscissionem membri etiam scienter,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1871 ut conservet vitam, quam magis amat. Et per hunc modum, quando
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1872 aliqua inordinata voluntas aliquod bonum temporale plus amat, puta
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1873 divitias vel voluptatem, quam ordinem rationis vel legis divinae,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1874 vel caritatem Dei, vel aliquid huiusmodi; sequitur quod velit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1875 dispendium pati in aliquo spiritualium bonorum, ut potiatur aliquo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1876 temporali bono. Nihil autem est aliud malum quam privatio alicuius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1877 boni. Et secundum hoc aliquis scienter vult aliquod malum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1878 spirituale, quod est malum simpliciter, per quod bonum spirituale
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1879 privatur, ut bono temporali potiatur. Unde dicitur ex certa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1880 malitia, vel ex industria peccare, quasi scienter malum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1881 eligens.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1882 <p title="I-II q. 78 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="36932"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1883 "ref">[36932] Iª-IIae q. 78 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1884 ergo dicendum quod ignorantia quandoque quidem excludit scientiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1885 qua aliquis simpliciter scit hoc esse malum quod agitur, et tunc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1886 dicitur ex ignorantia peccare. Quandoque autem excludit scientiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1887 qua homo scit hoc nunc esse malum, sicut cum ex passione peccatur.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1888 Quandoque autem excludit scientiam qua aliquis scit hoc malum non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1889 sustinendum esse propter consecutionem illius boni, scit tamen
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1890 simpliciter hoc esse malum, et sic dicitur ignorare qui ex certa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1891 malitia peccat.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1892 <p title="I-II q. 78 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="36933"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1893 "ref">[36933] Iª-IIae q. 78 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1894 dicendum quod malum non potest esse secundum se intentum ab aliquo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1895 potest tamen esse intentum ad vitandum aliud malum, vel ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1896 consequendum aliud bonum, ut dictum est. Et in tali casu aliquis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1897 eligeret consequi bonum per se intentum, absque hoc quod pateretur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1898 detrimentum alterius boni. Sicut aliquis lascivus vellet frui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1899 delectatione absque offensa Dei, sed duobus propositis, magis vult
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1900 peccando incurrere offensam Dei, quam delectatione privetur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1901 <p title="I-II q. 78 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="36934"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1902 "ref">[36934] Iª-IIae q. 78 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1903 dicendum quod malitia ex qua aliquis dicitur peccare, potest
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1904 intelligi malitia habitualis, secundum quod habitus malus a
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1905 philosopho nominatur malitia, sicut habitus bonus nominatur virtus.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1906 Et secundum hoc aliquis dicitur ex malitia peccare, quia peccat ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1907 inclinatione habitus. Potest etiam intelligi malitia actualis. Sive
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1908 ipsa mali electio malitia nominetur, et sic dicitur aliquis ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1909 malitia peccare, inquantum ex mali electione peccat. Sive etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1910 malitia dicatur aliqua praecedens culpa, ex qua oritur subsequens
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1911 culpa, sicut cum aliquis impugnat fraternam gratiam ex invidia. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1912 tunc idem non est causa sui ipsius, sed actus interior est causa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1913 actus exterioris. Et unum peccatum est causa alterius, non tamen in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1914 infinitum, quia est devenire ad aliquod primum peccatum, quod non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1915 causatur ex aliquo priori peccato, ut ex supradictis patet.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1916 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1917 <div class="E">Articulus 2</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1918 <p title="I-II q. 78 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="36935"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1919 "ref">[36935] Iª-IIae q. 78 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1920 sic proceditur. Videtur quod non omnis qui peccat ex habitu, peccet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1921 ex certa malitia. Peccatum enim quod est ex certa malitia, videtur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1922 esse gravissimum. Sed quandoque homo aliquod leve peccatum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1923 committit ex habitu, sicut cum dicit verbum otiosum. Non ergo omne
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1924 peccatum quod est ex habitu, est ex certa malitia.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1925 <p title="I-II q. 78 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="36936"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1926 "ref">[36936] Iª-IIae q. 78 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1927 <i>Praeterea, actus ex habitu procedentes sunt similes actibus ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1928 quibus habitus generantur</i>, ut dicitur in II Ethic. Sed actus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1929 praecedentes habitum vitiosum non sunt ex certa malitia. Ergo etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1930 peccata quae sunt ex habitu, non sunt ex certa malitia.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1931 <p title="I-II q. 78 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="36937"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1932 "ref">[36937] Iª-IIae q. 78 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1933 in his quae aliquis ex certa malitia committit, gaudet postquam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1934 commisit, secundum illud Prov. II, <i>qui laetantur cum male
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1935 fecerint et exultant in rebus pessimis</i>. Et hoc ideo, quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1936 unicuique est delectabile cum consequitur id quod intendit, et qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1937 operatur quod est ei quodammodo connaturale secundum habitum. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1938 illi qui peccant ex habitu, post peccatum commissum dolent,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1939 poenitudine enim replentur pravi, idest habentes habitum vitiosum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1940 ut dicitur in IX Ethic. Ergo peccata quae sunt ex habitu, non sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1941 ex certa malitia.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1942 <p title="I-II q. 78 a. 2 s. c."><a name="36938"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1943 "ref">[36938] Iª-IIae q. 78 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1944 peccatum ex certa malitia dicitur esse quod est ex electione mali.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1945 Sed unicuique est eligibile id ad quod inclinatur per proprium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1946 habitum; ut dicitur in VI Ethic. de habitu virtuoso. Ergo peccatum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1947 quod est ex habitu, est ex certa malitia.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1948 <p title="I-II q. 78 a. 2 co."><a name="36939"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1949 "ref">[36939] Iª-IIae q. 78 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1950 dicendum quod non est idem peccare habentem habitum, et peccare ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1951 habitu. Uti enim habitu non est necessarium, sed subiacet voluntati
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1952 habentis, unde et habitus definitur esse quo quis utitur cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1953 voluerit. Et ideo sicut potest contingere quod aliquis habens
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1954 habitum vitiosum, prorumpat in actum virtutis, eo quod ratio non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1955 totaliter corrumpitur per malum habitum, sed aliquid eius integrum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1956 manet, ex quo provenit quod peccator aliqua operatur de genere
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1957 bonorum; ita etiam potest contingere quod aliquis habens habitum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1958 interdum non ex habitu operetur, sed ex passione insurgente, vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1959 etiam ex ignorantia. Sed quandocumque utitur habitu vitioso,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1960 necesse est quod ex certa malitia peccet. Quia unicuique habenti
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1961 habitum, est per se diligibile id quod est ei conveniens secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1962 proprium habitum, quia fit ei quodammodo connaturale, secundum quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1963 consuetudo et habitus vertitur in naturam. Hoc autem quod est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1964 alicui conveniens secundum habitum vitiosum, est id quod excludit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1965 bonum spirituale. Ex quo sequitur quod homo eligat malum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1966 spirituale, ut adipiscatur bonum quod est ei secundum habitum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1967 conveniens. Et hoc est ex certa malitia peccare. Unde manifestum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1968 est quod quicumque peccat ex habitu, peccet ex certa malitia.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1969 <p title="I-II q. 78 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="36940"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1970 "ref">[36940] Iª-IIae q. 78 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1971 ergo dicendum quod peccata venialia non excludunt bonum spirituale,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1972 quod est gratia Dei vel caritas. Unde non dicuntur mala
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1973 simpliciter, sed secundum quid. Et propter hoc nec habitus ipsorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1974 possunt dici simpliciter mali, sed solum secundum quid.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1975 <p title="I-II q. 78 a. 2 ad 2"><a name="36941"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1976 "ref">[36941] Iª-IIae q. 78 a. 2 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1977 dicendum quod actus qui procedunt ex habitibus, sunt similes
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1978 secundum speciem actibus ex quibus habitus generantur, differunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1979 tamen ab eis sicut perfectum ab imperfecto. Et talis est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1980 differentia peccati quod committitur ex certa malitia, ad peccatum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1981 quod committitur ex aliqua passione.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1982 <p title="I-II q. 78 a. 2 ad 3"><a name="36942"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1983 "ref">[36942] Iª-IIae q. 78 a. 2 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1984 dicendum quod ille qui peccat ex habitu, semper gaudet de hoc quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1985 ex habitu operatur, quandiu habitu utitur. Sed quia potest habitu
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1986 non uti, sed per rationem, quae non est totaliter corrupta, aliquid
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1987 aliud meditari; potest contingere quod, non utens habitu, doleat de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1988 hoc quod per habitum commisit. Plerumque tamen tales poenitent de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1989 peccato, non quia eis peccatum secundum se displiceat; sed propter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1990 aliquod incommodum quod ex peccato incurrunt.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1991 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1992 <div class="E">Articulus 3</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1993 <p title="I-II q. 78 a. 3 arg. 1"><a name="36943"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1994 "ref">[36943] Iª-IIae q. 78 a. 3 arg. 1</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1995 sic proceditur. Videtur quod quicumque peccat ex certa malitia,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1996 peccet ex habitu. Dicit enim philosophus, in V Ethic., quod non est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1997 cuiuslibet iniusta facere qualiter iniustus facit, scilicet ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1998 electione, sed solum habentis habitum. Sed peccare ex certa malitia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1999 est peccare ex electione mali, ut dictum est. Ergo peccare ex certa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2000 malitia non est nisi habentis habitum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2001 <p title="I-II q. 78 a. 3 arg. 2"><a name="36944"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2002 "ref">[36944] Iª-IIae q. 78 a. 3 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2003 Origenes dicit, in I peri archon, quod <i>non ad subitum quis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2004 evacuatur aut deficit, sed paulatim per partes defluere necesse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2005 est</i>. Sed maximus defluxus esse videtur ut aliquis ex certa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2006 malitia peccet. Ergo non statim a principio, sed per multam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2007 consuetudinem, ex qua habitus generari potest, aliquis ad hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2008 devenit ut ex certa malitia peccet.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2009 <p title="I-II q. 78 a. 3 arg. 3"><a name="36945"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2010 "ref">[36945] Iª-IIae q. 78 a. 3 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2011 quandocumque aliquis ex certa malitia peccat, oportet quod ipsa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2012 voluntas de se inclinetur ad malum quod eligit. Sed ex natura
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2013 potentiae non inclinatur homo ad malum, sed magis ad bonum. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2014 oportet, si eligit malum, quod hoc sit ex aliquo supervenienti,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2015 quod est passio vel habitus. Sed quando aliquis peccat ex passione,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2016 non peccat ex certa malitia, sed ex infirmitate, ut dictum est.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2017 Ergo quandocumque aliquis peccat ex certa malitia, oportet quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2018 peccet ex habitu.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2019 <p title="I-II q. 78 a. 3 s. c."><a name="36946"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2020 "ref">[36946] Iª-IIae q. 78 a. 3 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2021 sicut se habet habitus bonus ad electionem boni, ita habitus malus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2022 ad electionem mali. Sed quandoque aliquis non habens habitum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2023 virtutis, eligit id quod est bonum secundum virtutem. Ergo etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2024 quandoque aliquis non habens habitum vitiosum, potest eligere
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2025 malum, quod est ex certa malitia peccare.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2026 <p title="I-II q. 78 a. 3 co."><a name="36947"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2027 "ref">[36947] Iª-IIae q. 78 a. 3 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2028 dicendum quod voluntas aliter se habet ad bonum, et aliter ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2029 malum. Ex natura enim suae potentiae inclinatur ad bonum rationis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2030 sicut ad proprium obiectum, unde et omne peccatum dicitur esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2031 contra naturam. Quod ergo in aliquod malum voluntas eligendo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2032 inclinetur, oportet quod aliunde contingat. Et quandoque quidem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2033 contingit ex defectu rationis, sicut cum aliquis ex ignorantia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2034 peccat, quandoque autem ex impulsu appetitus sensitivi, sicut cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2035 peccat ex passione. Sed neutrum horum est ex certa malitia peccare;
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2036 sed tunc solum ex certa malitia aliquis peccat, quando ipsa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2037 voluntas ex seipsa movetur ad malum. Quod potest contingere
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2038 dupliciter. Uno quidem modo, per hoc quod homo habet aliquam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2039 dispositionem corruptam inclinantem ad malum, ita quod secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2040 illam dispositionem fit homini quasi conveniens et simile aliquod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2041 malum, et in hoc, ratione convenientiae, tendit voluntas quasi in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2042 bonum, quia unumquodque secundum se tendit in id quod sibi est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2043 conveniens. Talis autem dispositio corrupta vel est aliquis habitus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2044 acquisitus ex consuetudine, quae vertitur in naturam, vel est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2045 aliqua aegritudinalis habitudo ex parte corporis, sicut aliquis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2046 habens quasdam naturales inclinationes ad aliqua peccata, propter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2047 corruptionem naturae in ipso. Alio modo contingit quod voluntas per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2048 se tendit in aliquod malum, per remotionem alicuius prohibentis.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2049 Puta si aliquis prohibeatur peccare non quia peccatum ei secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2050 se displiceat, sed propter spem vitae aeternae vel propter timorem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2051 Gehennae; remota spe per desperationem, vel timore per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2052 praesumptionem, sequitur quod ex certa malitia, quasi absque freno,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2053 peccet. Sic igitur patet quod peccatum quod est ex certa malitia,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2054 semper praesupponit in homine aliquam inordinationem, quae tamen
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2055 non semper est habitus. Unde non est necessarium quod quicumque
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2056 peccat ex certa malitia, peccet ex habitu.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2057 <p title="I-II q. 78 a. 3 ad 1"><a name="36948"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2058 "ref">[36948] Iª-IIae q. 78 a. 3 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2059 ergo dicendum quod operari qualiter iniustus operatur, non solum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2060 est operari iniusta ex certa malitia, sed etiam delectabiliter, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2061 sine gravi renisu rationis. Quod non est nisi eius qui habet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2062 habitum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2063 <p title="I-II q. 78 a. 3 ad 2"><a name="36949"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2064 "ref">[36949] Iª-IIae q. 78 a. 3 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2065 dicendum quod non statim ad hoc aliquis labitur quod ex certa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2066 malitia peccet, sed praesupponitur aliquid, quod tamen non semper
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2067 est habitus, ut dictum est.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2068 <p title="I-II q. 78 a. 3 ad 3"><a name="36950"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2069 "ref">[36950] Iª-IIae q. 78 a. 3 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2070 dicendum quod illud propter quod voluntas inclinatur ad malum, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2071 semper habitus est vel passio, sed quaedam alia, ut dictum est.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2072 <p title="I-II q. 78 a. 3 ad 4"><a name="36951"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2073 "ref">[36951] Iª-IIae q. 78 a. 3 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2074 dicendum quod non est similis ratio de electione boni, et de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2075 electione mali. Quia malum nunquam est sine bono naturae, sed bonum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2076 potest esse sine malo culpae perfecte.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2077 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2078 <div class="E">Articulus 4</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2079 <p title="I-II q. 78 a. 4 arg. 1"><a name="36952"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2080 "ref">[36952] Iª-IIae q. 78 a. 4 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quartum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2081 sic proceditur. Videtur quod ille qui peccat ex certa malitia, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2082 peccet gravius quam ille qui peccat ex passione. Ignorantia enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2083 excusat peccatum vel in toto vel in parte. Sed maior est ignorantia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2084 in eo qui peccat ex certa malitia, quam in eo qui peccat ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2085 passione, nam ille qui peccat ex certa malitia, patitur ignorantiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2086 principii, quae est maxima, ut philosophus dicit, in VII Ethic.;
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2087 habet enim malam existimationem de fine, qui est principium in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2088 operativis. Ergo magis excusatur a peccato qui peccat ex certa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2089 malitia, quam ille qui peccat ex passione.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2090 <p title="I-II q. 78 a. 4 arg. 2"><a name="36953"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2091 "ref">[36953] Iª-IIae q. 78 a. 4 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2092 quanto aliquis habet maius impellens ad peccandum, tanto minus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2093 peccat, sicut patet de eo qui maiori impetu passionis deiicitur in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2094 peccatum. Sed ille qui peccat ex certa malitia, impellitur ab
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2095 habitu, cuius est fortior impulsio quam passionis. Ergo ille qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2096 peccat ex habitu, minus peccat quam ille qui peccat ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2097 passione.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2098 <p title="I-II q. 78 a. 4 arg. 3"><a name="36954"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2099 "ref">[36954] Iª-IIae q. 78 a. 4 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2100 peccare ex certa malitia est peccare ex electione mali. Sed ille
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2101 qui peccat ex passione, etiam eligit malum. Ergo non minus peccat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2102 quam ille qui peccat ex certa malitia.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2103 <p title="I-II q. 78 a. 4 s. c."><a name="36955"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2104 "ref">[36955] Iª-IIae q. 78 a. 4 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2105 est quod peccatum quod ex industria committitur, ex hoc ipso
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2106 graviorem poenam meretur, secundum illud Iob XXXIV, <i>quasi impios
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2107 percussit eos in loco videntium, qui quasi de industria recesserunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2108 ab eo</i>. Sed poena non augetur nisi propter gravitatem culpae.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2109 Ergo peccatum ex hoc aggravatur, quod est ex industria, seu certa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2110 malitia.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2111 <p title="I-II q. 78 a. 4 co."><a name="36956"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2112 "ref">[36956] Iª-IIae q. 78 a. 4 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2113 dicendum quod peccatum quod est ex certa malitia, est gravius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2114 peccato quod est ex passione, triplici ratione. Primo quidem quia,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2115 cum peccatum principaliter in voluntate consistat, quanto motus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2116 peccati est magis proprius voluntati, tanto peccatum est gravius,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2117 ceteris paribus. Cum autem ex certa malitia peccatur, motus peccati
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2118 est magis proprius voluntati, quae ex seipsa in malum movetur, quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2119 quando ex passione peccatur, quasi ex quodam extrinseco impulsu ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2120 peccandum. Unde peccatum ex hoc ipso quod est ex malitia,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2121 aggravatur, et tanto magis, quanto fuerit vehementior malitia. Ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2122 eo vero quod est ex passione, diminuitur, et tanto magis, quanto
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2123 passio fuerit magis vehemens. Secundo, quia passio quae inclinat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2124 voluntatem ad peccandum, cito transit, et sic homo cito redit ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2125 bonum propositum, poenitens de peccato. Sed habitus, quo homo ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2126 malitia peccat, est qualitas permanens, et ideo qui ex malitia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2127 peccat, diuturnius peccat. Unde philosophus, in VII Ethic.,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2128 comparat intemperatum, qui peccat ex malitia, infirmo qui continue
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2129 laborat; incontinentem autem, qui peccat ex passione, ei qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2130 laborat interpolate. Tertio, quia ille qui peccat ex certa malitia,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2131 est male dispositus quantum ad ipsum finem, qui est principium in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2132 operabilibus. Et sic eius defectus est periculosior quam eius qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2133 ex passione peccat, cuius propositum tendit in bonum finem, licet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2134 hoc propositum interrumpatur ad horam propter passionem. Semper
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2135 autem defectus principii est pessimus. Unde manifestum est quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2136 gravius est peccatum quod est ex malitia, quam quod est ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2137 passione.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2138 <p title="I-II q. 78 a. 4 ad 1"><a name="36957"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2139 "ref">[36957] Iª-IIae q. 78 a. 4 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2140 ergo dicendum quod ignorantia electionis, de qua obiectio procedit,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2141 neque excusat neque diminuit peccatum, ut supra dictum est. Unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2142 neque maior ignorantia talis facit esse minus peccatum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2143 <p title="I-II q. 78 a. 4 ad 2"><a name="36958"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2144 "ref">[36958] Iª-IIae q. 78 a. 4 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2145 dicendum quod impulsio quae est ex passione, est quasi ex exteriori
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2146 respectu voluntatis, sed per habitum inclinatur voluntas quasi ab
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2147 interiori. Unde non est similis ratio.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2148 <p title="I-II q. 78 a. 4 ad 3"><a name="36959"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2149 "ref">[36959] Iª-IIae q. 78 a. 4 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2150 dicendum quod aliud est peccare eligentem, et aliud peccare ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2151 electione. Ille enim qui peccat ex passione, peccat quidem eligens,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2152 non tamen ex electione, quia electio non est in eo primum peccati
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2153 principium, sed inducitur ex passione ad eligendum id quod extra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2154 passionem existens non eligeret. Sed ille qui peccat ex certa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2155 malitia, secundum se eligit malum, eo modo quo dictum est. Et ideo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2156 electio in ipso est principium peccati; et propter hoc dicitur ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2157 electione peccare.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2158 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2159 <div class="D">Quaestio 79</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2160 <div class="G">Prooemium</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2161 <p title="I-II q. 79 pr."><a name="36960"><span class="ref">[36960]
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2162 Iª-IIae q. 79 pr.</span></a> Deinde considerandum est de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2163 causis exterioribus peccati. Et primo, ex parte Dei; secundo, ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2164 parte Diaboli; tertio, ex parte hominis. Circa primum quaeruntur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2165 quatuor. Primo, utrum Deus sit causa peccati. Secundo, utrum actus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2166 peccati sit a Deo. Tertio, utrum Deus sit causa excaecationis et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2167 obdurationis. Quarto, utrum haec ordinentur ad salutem eorum qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2168 excaecantur vel obdurantur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2169 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2170 <div class="E">Articulus 1</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2171 <p title="I-II q. 79 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="36961"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2172 "ref">[36961] Iª-IIae q. 79 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2173 sic proceditur. Videtur quod Deus sit causa peccati. Dicit enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2174 apostolus, Rom. I, de quibusdam, <i>tradidit eos Deus in reprobum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2175 sensum, ut faciant ea quae non conveniunt</i>. Et Glossa ibidem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2176 dicit quod <i>Deus operatur in cordibus hominum, inclinando
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2177 voluntates eorum in quodcumque voluerit, sive in bonum sive in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2178 malum</i>. Sed facere quae non conveniunt, et inclinari secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2179 voluntatem ad malum, est peccatum. Ergo Deus hominibus est causa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2180 peccati.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2181 <p title="I-II q. 79 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="36962"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2182 "ref">[36962] Iª-IIae q. 79 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2183 Sap. XIV, dicitur, <i>creaturae Dei in odium factae sunt, et in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2184 tentationem animae hominum</i>. Sed tentatio solet dici provocatio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2185 ad peccandum. Cum ergo creaturae non sint factae nisi a Deo, ut in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2186 primo habitum est, videtur quod Deus sit causa peccati provocans
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2187 homines ad peccandum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2188 <p title="I-II q. 79 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="36963"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2189 "ref">[36963] Iª-IIae q. 79 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2190 quidquid est causa causae, est causa effectus. Sed Deus est causa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2191 liberi arbitrii, quod est causa peccati. Ergo Deus est causa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2192 peccati.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2193 <p title="I-II q. 79 a. 1 arg. 4"><a name="36964"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2194 "ref">[36964] Iª-IIae q. 79 a. 1 arg. 4</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2195 omne malum opponitur bono. Sed non repugnat divinae bonitati quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2196 ipse sit causa mali poenae, de isto enim malo dicitur Isaiae XLV,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2197 quod <i>Deus est creans malum</i>; et Amos III, <i>si est malum in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2198 civitate quod Deus non fecerit?</i> Ergo etiam divinae bonitati non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2199 repugnat quod Deus sit causa culpae.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2200 <p title="I-II q. 79 a. 1 s. c."><a name="36965"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2201 "ref">[36965] Iª-IIae q. 79 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2202 Sap. XI, dicitur de Deo, <i>nihil odisti eorum quae fecisti</i>.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2203 Odit autem Deus peccatum, secundum illud Sap. XIV, <i>odio est Deo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2204 impius, et impietas eius</i>. Ergo Deus non est causa peccati.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2205 <p title="I-II q. 79 a. 1 co."><a name="36966"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2206 "ref">[36966] Iª-IIae q. 79 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2207 dicendum quod homo dupliciter est causa peccati vel sui vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2208 alterius. Uno modo, directe, inclinando scilicet voluntatem suam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2209 vel alterius ad peccandum. Alio modo, indirecte, dum scilicet non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2210 retrahit aliquos a peccato, unde Ezech. III speculatori dicitur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2211 <i>si non dixeris impio, morte morieris, sanguinem eius de manu tua
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2212 requiram</i>. Deus autem non potest esse directe causa peccati vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2213 sui vel alterius. Quia omne peccatum est per recessum ab ordine qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2214 est in ipsum sicut in finem. Deus autem omnia inclinat et convertit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2215 in seipsum sicut in ultimum finem, sicut Dionysius dicit, I cap. de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2216 Div. Nom. Unde impossibile est quod sit sibi vel aliis causa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2217 discedendi ab ordine qui est in ipsum. Unde non potest directe esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2218 causa peccati. Similiter etiam neque indirecte. Contingit enim quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2219 Deus aliquibus non praebet auxilium ad vitandum peccata, quod si
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2220 praeberet, non peccarent. Sed hoc totum facit secundum ordinem suae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2221 sapientiae et iustitiae, cum ipse sit sapientia et iustitia. Unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2222 non imputatur ei quod alius peccat, sicut causae peccati, sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2223 gubernator non dicitur causa submersionis navis ex hoc quod non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2224 gubernat navem, nisi quando subtrahit gubernationem potens et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2225 debens gubernare. Et sic patet quod Deus nullo modo est causa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2226 peccati.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2227 <p title="I-II q. 79 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="36967"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2228 "ref">[36967] Iª-IIae q. 79 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2229 ergo dicendum quod, quantum ad verba apostoli, ex ipso textu patet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2230 solutio. Si enim Deus tradit aliquos in reprobum sensum, iam ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2231 reprobum sensum habent ad faciendum ea quae non conveniunt. Dicitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2232 ergo tradere eos in reprobum sensum, inquantum non prohibet eos
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2233 quin suum sensum reprobum sequantur, sicut dicimur exponere illos
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2234 quos non tuemur. Quod autem Augustinus dicit, in libro de gratia et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2235 libero arbitrio, unde sumpta est Glossa, quod <i>Deus inclinat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2236 voluntates hominum in bonum et malum</i>; sic intelligendum est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2237 quod in bonum quidem directe inclinat voluntatem, in malum autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2238 inquantum non prohibet, sicut dictum est. Et tamen hoc etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2239 contingit ex merito praecedentis peccati.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2240 <p title="I-II q. 79 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="36968"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2241 "ref">[36968] Iª-IIae q. 79 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2242 dicendum quod, cum dicitur, <i>creaturae Dei factae sunt in odium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2243 et in tentationem animae hominum</i>, haec praepositio in non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2244 ponitur causaliter, sed consecutive, non enim Deus fecit creaturas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2245 ad malum hominum, sed hoc consecutum est propter insipientiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2246 hominum. Unde subditur, et in muscipulam pedibus insipientium, qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2247 scilicet per suam insipientiam utuntur creaturis ad aliud quam ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2248 quod factae sunt.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2249 <p title="I-II q. 79 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="36969"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2250 "ref">[36969] Iª-IIae q. 79 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2251 dicendum quod effectus causae mediae procedens ab ea secundum quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2252 subditur ordini causae primae, reducitur etiam in causam primam.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2253 Sed si procedat a causa media secundum quod exit ordinem causae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2254 primae, non reducitur in causam primam, sicut si minister faciat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2255 aliquid contra mandatum domini, hoc non reducitur in dominum sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2256 in causam. Et similiter peccatum quod liberum arbitrium committit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2257 contra praeceptum Dei, non reducitur in Deum sicut in causam.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2258 <p title="I-II q. 79 a. 1 ad 4"><a name="36970"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2259 "ref">[36970] Iª-IIae q. 79 a. 1 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2260 dicendum quod poena opponitur bono eius qui punitur, qui privatur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2261 quocumque bono. Sed culpa opponitur bono ordinis qui est in Deum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2262 unde directe opponitur bonitati divinae. Et propter hoc non est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2263 similis ratio de culpa et poena.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2264 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2265 <div class="E">Articulus 2</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2266 <p title="I-II q. 79 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="36971"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2267 "ref">[36971] Iª-IIae q. 79 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2268 sic proceditur. Videtur quod actus peccati non sit a Deo. Dicit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2269 enim Augustinus, in libro de perfectione iustitiae, quod <i>actus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2270 peccati non est res aliqua</i>. Omne autem quod est a Deo, est res
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2271 aliqua. Ergo actus peccati non est a Deo.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2272 <p title="I-II q. 79 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="36972"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2273 "ref">[36972] Iª-IIae q. 79 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2274 homo non dicitur esse causa peccati nisi quia homo est causa actus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2275 peccati, nullus enim intendens ad malum operatur, ut Dionysius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2276 dicit, IV cap. de Div. Nom. Sed Deus non est causa peccati, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2277 dictum est. Ergo Deus non est causa actus peccati.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2278 <p title="I-II q. 79 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="36973"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2279 "ref">[36973] Iª-IIae q. 79 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2280 aliqui actus secundum suam speciem sunt mali et peccata, ut ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2281 supradictis patet. Sed quidquid est causa alicuius, est causa eius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2282 quod convenit ei secundum suam speciem. Si ergo Deus esset causa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2283 actus peccati, sequeretur quod esset causa peccati. Sed hoc non est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2284 verum, ut ostensum est. Ergo Deus non est causa actus peccati.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2285 <p title="I-II q. 79 a. 2 s. c."><a name="36974"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2286 "ref">[36974] Iª-IIae q. 79 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2287 actus peccati est quidam motus liberi arbitrii. Sed voluntas Dei
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2288 est causa omnium motionum, ut Augustinus dicit, III de Trin. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2289 voluntas Dei est causa actus peccati.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2290 <p title="I-II q. 79 a. 2 co."><a name="36975"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2291 "ref">[36975] Iª-IIae q. 79 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2292 dicendum quod actus peccati et est ens, et est actus; et ex utroque
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2293 habet quod sit a Deo. Omne enim ens, quocumque modo sit, oportet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2294 quod derivetur a primo ente; ut patet per Dionysium, V cap. de Div.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2295 Nom. Omnis autem actio causatur ab aliquo existente in actu, quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2296 nihil agit nisi secundum quod est actu, omne autem ens actu
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2297 reducitur in primum actum, scilicet Deum, sicut in causam, qui est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2298 per suam essentiam actus. Unde relinquitur quod Deus sit causa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2299 omnis actionis, inquantum est actio. Sed peccatum nominat ens et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2300 actionem cum quodam defectu. Defectus autem ille est ex causa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2301 creata, scilicet libero arbitrio, inquantum deficit ab ordine primi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2302 agentis, scilicet Dei. Unde defectus iste non reducitur in Deum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2303 sicut in causam, sed in liberum arbitrium, sicut defectus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2304 claudicationis reducitur in tibiam curvam sicut in causam, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2305 autem in virtutem motivam, a qua tamen causatur quidquid est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2306 motionis in claudicatione. Et secundum hoc, Deus est causa actus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2307 peccati, non tamen est causa peccati, quia non est causa huius,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2308 quod actus sit cum defectu.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2309 <p title="I-II q. 79 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="36976"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2310 "ref">[36976] Iª-IIae q. 79 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2311 ergo dicendum quod Augustinus nominat ibi rem id quod est res
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2312 simpliciter, scilicet substantiam. Sic enim actus peccati non est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2313 res.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2314 <p title="I-II q. 79 a. 2 ad 2"><a name="36977"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2315 "ref">[36977] Iª-IIae q. 79 a. 2 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2316 dicendum quod in hominem sicut in causam reducitur non solum actus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2317 sed etiam ipse defectus, quia scilicet non subditur ei cui debet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2318 subdi, licet hoc ipse non intendat principaliter. Et ideo homo est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2319 causa peccati. Sed Deus sic est causa actus, quod nullo modo est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2320 causa defectus concomitantis actum. Et ideo non est causa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2321 peccati.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2322 <p title="I-II q. 79 a. 2 ad 3"><a name="36978"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2323 "ref">[36978] Iª-IIae q. 79 a. 2 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2324 dicendum quod, sicut dictum est supra, actus et habitus non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2325 recipiunt speciem ex ipsa privatione, in qua consistit ratio mali;
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2326 sed ex aliquo obiecto cui coniungitur talis privatio. Et sic ipse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2327 defectus, qui dicitur non esse a Deo, pertinet ad speciem actus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2328 consequenter, et non quasi differentia specifica.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2329 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2330 <div class="E">Articulus 3</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2331 <p title="I-II q. 79 a. 3 arg. 1"><a name="36979"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2332 "ref">[36979] Iª-IIae q. 79 a. 3 arg. 1</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2333 sic proceditur. Videtur quod Deus non sit causa excaecationis et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2334 indurationis. Dicit enim Augustinus, in libro octoginta trium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2335 quaest., quod <i>Deus non est causa eius quod homo sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2336 deterior</i>. Sed per excaecationem et obdurationem fit homo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2337 deterior. Ergo Deus non est causa excaecationis et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2338 obdurationis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2339 <p title="I-II q. 79 a. 3 arg. 2"><a name="36980"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2340 "ref">[36980] Iª-IIae q. 79 a. 3 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2341 Fulgentius dicit quod <i>Deus non est ultor illius rei cuius est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2342 auctor</i>. Sed Deus est ultor cordis obdurati, secundum illud
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2343 Eccli. III, <i>cor durum male habebit in novissimo</i>. Ergo Deus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2344 non est causa obdurationis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2345 <p title="I-II q. 79 a. 3 arg. 3"><a name="36981"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2346 "ref">[36981] Iª-IIae q. 79 a. 3 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2347 idem effectus non attribuitur causis contrariis. Sed causa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2348 excaecationis dicitur esse malitia hominis, secundum illud Sap. II,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2349 <i>excaecavit enim eos malitia eorum</i>; et etiam Diabolus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2350 secundum illud II ad Cor. IV, <i>Deus huius saeculi excaecavit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2351 mentes infidelium</i>; quae quidem causae videntur esse contrariae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2352 Deo. Deus ergo non est causa excaecationis et obdurationis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2353 <p title="I-II q. 79 a. 3 s. c."><a name="36982"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2354 "ref">[36982] Iª-IIae q. 79 a. 3 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2355 est quod dicitur Isaiae VI, <i>excaeca cor populi huius, et aures
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2356 eius aggrava</i>. Et Rom. IX dicitur, <i>cuius vult, miseretur; et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2357 quem vult, indurat</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2358 <p title="I-II q. 79 a. 3 co."><a name="36983"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2359 "ref">[36983] Iª-IIae q. 79 a. 3 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2360 dicendum quod excaecatio et obduratio duo important. Quorum unum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2361 est motus animi humani inhaerentis malo, et aversi a divino lumine.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2362 Et quantum ad hoc Deus non est causa excaecationis et obdurationis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2363 sicut non est causa peccati. Aliud autem est subtractio gratiae, ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2364 qua sequitur quod mens divinitus non illuminetur ad recte videndum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2365 et cor hominis non emolliatur ad recte vivendum. Et quantum ad hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2366 Deus est causa excaecationis et obdurationis. Est autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2367 considerandum quod Deus est causa universalis illuminationis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2368 animarum, secundum illud Ioan. I, <i>erat lux vera quae illuminat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2369 omnem hominem venientem in hunc mundum</i>, sicut sol est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2370 universalis causa illuminationis corporum. Aliter tamen et aliter,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2371 nam sol agit illuminando per necessitatem naturae; Deus autem agit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2372 voluntarie, per ordinem suae sapientiae. Sol autem, licet quantum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2373 est de se omnia corpora illuminet, si quod tamen impedimentum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2374 inveniat in aliquo corpore, relinquit illud tenebrosum, sicut patet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2375 de domo cuius fenestrae sunt clausae. Sed tamen illius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2376 obscurationis nullo modo causa est sol, non enim suo iudicio agit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2377 ut lumen interius non immittat, sed causa eius est solum ille qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2378 claudit fenestram. Deus autem proprio iudicio lumen gratiae non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2379 immittit illis in quibus obstaculum invenit. Unde causa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2380 subtractionis gratiae est non solum ille qui ponit obstaculum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2381 gratiae, sed etiam Deus, qui suo iudicio gratiam non apponit. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2382 per hunc modum Deus est causa excaecationis, et aggravationis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2383 aurium, et obdurationis cordis. Quae quidem distinguuntur secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2384 effectus gratiae, quae et perficit intellectum dono sapientiae, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2385 affectum emollit igne caritatis. Et quia ad cognitionem intellectus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2386 maxime deserviunt duo sensus, scilicet visus et auditus, quorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2387 unus deservit inventioni, scilicet visus, alius disciplinae,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2388 scilicet auditus, ideo quantum ad visum, ponitur excaecatio;
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2389 quantum ad auditum, aurium aggravatio; quantum ad affectum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2390 obduratio.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2391 <p title="I-II q. 79 a. 3 ad 1"><a name="36984"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2392 "ref">[36984] Iª-IIae q. 79 a. 3 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2393 ergo dicendum quod, cum excaecatio et induratio, ex parte
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2394 subtractionis gratiae, sint quaedam poenae, ex hac parte eis homo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2395 non fit deterior, sed deterior factus per culpam, haec incurrit,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2396 sicut et ceteras poenas.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2397 <p title="I-II q. 79 a. 3 ad 2"><a name="36985"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2398 "ref">[36985] Iª-IIae q. 79 a. 3 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2399 dicendum quod obiectio illa procedit de obduratione secundum quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2400 est culpa.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2401 <p title="I-II q. 79 a. 3 ad 3"><a name="36986"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2402 "ref">[36986] Iª-IIae q. 79 a. 3 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2403 dicendum quod malitia est causa excaecationis meritoria, sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2404 culpa est causa poenae. Et hoc etiam modo Diabolus excaecare
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2405 dicitur, inquantum inducit ad culpam.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2406 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2407 <div class="E">Articulus 4</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2408 <p title="I-II q. 79 a. 4 arg. 1"><a name="36987"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2409 "ref">[36987] Iª-IIae q. 79 a. 4 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quartum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2410 sic proceditur. Videtur quod excaecatio et obduratio semper
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2411 ordinentur ad salutem eius qui excaecatur et obduratur. Dicit enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2412 Augustinus, in Enchirid., quod <i>Deus, cum sit summe bonus, nullo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2413 modo permitteret fieri aliquod malum, nisi posset ex quolibet malo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2414 elicere bonum</i>. Multo igitur magis ordinat ad bonum illud malum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2415 cuius ipse est causa. Sed excaecationis et obdurationis Deus est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2416 causa, ut dictum est. Ergo haec ordinantur ad salutem eius qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2417 excaecatur vel induratur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2418 <p title="I-II q. 79 a. 4 arg. 2"><a name="36988"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2419 "ref">[36988] Iª-IIae q. 79 a. 4 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2420 Sap. I dicitur quod <i>Deus non delectatur in perditione
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2421 impiorum</i>. Videretur autem in eorum perditione delectari, si
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2422 eorum excaecationem in bonum eorum non converteret, sicut medicus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2423 videretur delectari in afflictione infirmi, si medicinam amaram,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2424 quam infirmo propinat, ad eius sanitatem non ordinaret. Ergo Deus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2425 excaecationem convertit in bonum excaecatorum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2426 <p title="I-II q. 79 a. 4 arg. 3"><a name="36989"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2427 "ref">[36989] Iª-IIae q. 79 a. 4 arg. 3</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2428 <i>Praeterea, Deus non est personarum acceptor</i>, ut dicitur Act.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2429 X. Sed quorundam excaecationem ordinat ad eorum salutem, sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2430 quorundam Iudaeorum, qui excaecati sunt ut Christo non crederent,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2431 et non credentes occiderent, et postmodum compuncti converterentur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2432 sicut de quibusdam legitur Act. II; ut patet per Augustinum, in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2433 libro de quaest. Evang. Ergo Deus omnium excaecationem convertit in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2434 eorum salutem.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2435 <p title="I-II q. 79 a. 4 s. c."><a name="36990"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2436 "ref">[36990] Iª-IIae q. 79 a. 4 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2437 non sunt facienda mala ut veniant bona, ut dicitur Rom. III. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2438 excaecatio est malum. Ergo Deus non excaecat aliquos propter eorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2439 bonum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2440 <p title="I-II q. 79 a. 4 co."><a name="36991"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2441 "ref">[36991] Iª-IIae q. 79 a. 4 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2442 dicendum quod excaecatio est quoddam praeambulum ad peccatum.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2443 Peccatum autem ad duo ordinatur, ad unum quidem per se, scilicet ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2444 damnationem; ad aliud autem ex misericordi Dei providentia,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2445 scilicet ad sanationem, inquantum Deus permittit aliquos cadere in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2446 peccatum, ut peccatum suum agnoscentes, humilientur et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2447 convertantur, sicut Augustinus dicit, in libro de natura et gratia.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2448 Unde et excaecatio ex sui natura ordinatur ad damnationem eius qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2449 excaecatur, propter quod etiam ponitur reprobationis effectus, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2450 ex divina misericordia excaecatio ad tempus ordinatur medicinaliter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2451 ad salutem eorum qui excaecantur. Sed haec misericordia non omnibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2452 impenditur excaecatis, <i>sed praedestinatis solum, quibus omnia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2453 cooperantur in bonum</i>, sicut dicitur Rom. VIII. Unde quantum ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2454 quosdam, excaecatio ordinatur ad sanationem, quantum autem ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2455 alios, ad damnationem, ut Augustinus dicit, in III de quaest.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2456 Evang.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2457 <p title="I-II q. 79 a. 4 ad 1"><a name="36992"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2458 "ref">[36992] Iª-IIae q. 79 a. 4 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2459 ergo dicendum quod omnia mala quae Deus facit vel permittit fieri,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2460 ordinantur in aliquod bonum, non tamen semper in bonum eius in quo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2461 est malum, sed quandoque ad bonum alterius, vel etiam totius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2462 universi. Sicut culpam tyrannorum ordinavit in bonum martyrum; et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2463 poenam damnatorum ordinat in gloriam suae iustitiae.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2464 <p title="I-II q. 79 a. 4 ad 2"><a name="36993"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2465 "ref">[36993] Iª-IIae q. 79 a. 4 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2466 dicendum quod Deus non delectatur in perditione hominum quantum ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2467 ipsam perditionem, sed ratione suae iustitiae, vel propter bonum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2468 quod inde provenit.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2469 <p title="I-II q. 79 a. 4 ad 3"><a name="36994"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2470 "ref">[36994] Iª-IIae q. 79 a. 4 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2471 dicendum quod hoc quod Deus aliquorum excaecationem ordinat in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2472 eorum salutem, misericordiae est, quod autem excaecatio aliorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2473 ordinetur ad eorum damnationem, iustitiae est. Quod autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2474 misericordiam quibusdam impendit et non omnibus, non facit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2475 personarum acceptionem in Deo, sicut in primo dictum est.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2476 <p title="I-II q. 79 a. 4 ad 4"><a name="36995"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2477 "ref">[36995] Iª-IIae q. 79 a. 4 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2478 dicendum quod mala culpae non sunt facienda ut veniant bona, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2479 mala poenae sunt inferenda propter bonum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2480 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2481 <div class="D">Quaestio 80</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2482 <div class="G">Prooemium</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2483 <p title="I-II q. 80 pr."><a name="36996"><span class="ref">[36996]
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2484 Iª-IIae q. 80 pr.</span></a> Deinde considerandum est de causa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2485 peccati ex parte Diaboli. Et circa hoc quaeruntur quatuor. Primo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2486 utrum Diabolus sit directe causa peccati. Secundo, utrum Diabolus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2487 inducat ad peccandum interius persuadendo. Tertio, utrum possit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2488 necessitatem peccandi inducere. Quarto, utrum omnia peccata ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2489 Diaboli suggestione proveniant.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2490 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2491 <div class="E">Articulus 1</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2492 <p title="I-II q. 80 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="36997"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2493 "ref">[36997] Iª-IIae q. 80 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2494 sic proceditur. Videtur quod Diabolus sit homini directe causa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2495 peccandi. Peccatum enim directe in affectu consistit. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2496 Augustinus dicit, IV de Trin., quod <i>Diabolus suae societati
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2497 malignos affectus inspirat</i>. Et Beda, super Act., dicit quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2498 <i>Diabolus animam in affectum malitiae trahit</i>. Et Isidorus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2499 dicit, in libro de summo bono, quod <i>Diabolus corda hominum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2500 occultis cupiditatibus replet</i>. Ergo Diabolus directe est causa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2501 peccati.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2502 <p title="I-II q. 80 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="36998"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2503 "ref">[36998] Iª-IIae q. 80 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2504 Hieronymus dicit quod <i>sicut Deus est perfector boni, ita
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2505 Diabolus est perfector mali</i>. Sed Deus est directe causa bonorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2506 nostrorum. Ergo Diabolus est directe causa peccatorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2507 nostrorum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2508 <p title="I-II q. 80 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="36999"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2509 "ref">[36999] Iª-IIae q. 80 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2510 philosophus probat, in quodam cap. Ethicae Eudemicae, quod oportet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2511 esse quoddam principium extrinsecum humani consilii. Consilium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2512 autem humanum non solum est de bonis, sed etiam de malis. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2513 sicut Deus movet ad consilium bonum, et per hoc directe est causa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2514 boni; ita Diabolus movet hominem ad consilium malum, et per hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2515 sequitur quod Diabolus directe sit causa peccati.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2516 <p title="I-II q. 80 a. 1 s. c."><a name="37000"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2517 "ref">[37000] Iª-IIae q. 80 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2518 est quod Augustinus probat, in I et III de Lib. Arb., <i>quod nulla
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2519 alia re fit mens hominis serva libidinis, nisi propria
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2520 voluntate</i>. Sed homo non fit servus libidinis nisi per peccatum.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2521 Ergo causa peccati non potest esse Diabolus, sed sola propria
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2522 voluntas.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2523 <p title="I-II q. 80 a. 1 co."><a name="37001"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2524 "ref">[37001] Iª-IIae q. 80 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2525 dicendum quod peccatum actus quidam est. Unde hoc modo potest esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2526 aliquid directe causa peccati, per quem modum aliquis directe est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2527 causa alicuius actus. Quod quidem non contingit nisi per hoc quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2528 proprium principium illius actus movet ad agendum. Proprium autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2529 principium actus peccati est voluntas, quia omne peccatum est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2530 voluntarium. Unde nihil potest directe esse causa peccati, nisi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2531 quod potest movere voluntatem ad agendum. Voluntas autem, sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2532 supra dictum est, a duobus moveri potest, uno modo, ab obiecto,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2533 sicut dicitur quod appetibile apprehensum movet appetitum; alio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2534 modo, ab eo quod interius inclinat voluntatem ad volendum. Hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2535 autem non est nisi vel ipsa voluntas, vel Deus, ut supra ostensum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2536 est. Deus autem non potest esse causa peccati, ut dictum est.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2537 Relinquitur ergo quod ex hac parte sola voluntas hominis sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2538 directe causa peccati eius. Ex parte autem obiecti, potest
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2539 intelligi quod aliquid moveat voluntatem tripliciter. Uno modo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2540 ipsum obiectum propositum, sicut dicimus quod cibus excitat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2541 desiderium hominis ad comedendum. Alio modo, ille qui proponit vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2542 offert huiusmodi obiectum. Tertio modo, ille qui persuadet obiectum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2543 propositum habere rationem boni, quia et hic aliqualiter proponit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2544 proprium obiectum voluntati, quod est rationis bonum verum vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2545 apparens. Primo igitur modo, res sensibiles exterius apparentes
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2546 movent voluntatem hominis ad peccandum, secundo autem et tertio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2547 modo, vel Diabolus, vel etiam homo, potest incitare ad peccandum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2548 vel offerendo aliquid appetibile sensui, vel persuadendo rationi.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2549 Sed nullo istorum trium modorum potest aliquid esse directa causa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2550 peccati, quia voluntas non ex necessitate movetur ab aliquo obiecto
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2551 nisi ab ultimo fine, ut supra dictum est; unde non est sufficiens
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2552 causa peccati neque res exterius oblata, neque ille qui eam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2553 proponit, neque ille qui persuadet. Unde sequitur quod Diabolus non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2554 sit causa peccati directe et sufficienter; sed solum per modum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2555 persuadentis, vel proponentis appetibile.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2556 <p title="I-II q. 80 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="37002"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2557 "ref">[37002] Iª-IIae q. 80 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2558 ergo dicendum quod omnes illae auctoritates, et si quae similes
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2559 inveniantur, sunt referendae ad hoc quod Diabolus suggerendo, vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2560 aliqua appetibilia proponendo, inducit in affectum peccati.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2561 <p title="I-II q. 80 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="37003"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2562 "ref">[37003] Iª-IIae q. 80 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2563 dicendum quod similitudo illa est attendenda quantum ad hoc, quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2564 Diabolus quodammodo est causa peccatorum nostrorum, sicut Deus est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2565 aliquo modo causa bonorum nostrorum. Non tamen attenditur quantum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2566 ad modum causandi, nam Deus causat bona interius movendo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2567 voluntatem, quod Diabolo convenire non potest.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2568 <p title="I-II q. 80 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="37004"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2569 "ref">[37004] Iª-IIae q. 80 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2570 dicendum quod Deus est universale principium omnis interioris motus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2571 humani, sed quod determinetur ad malum consilium voluntas humana,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2572 hoc directe quidem est ex voluntate humana; et a Diabolo per modum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2573 persuadentis, vel appetibilia proponentis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2574 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2575 <div class="E">Articulus 2</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2576 <p title="I-II q. 80 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="37005"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2577 "ref">[37005] Iª-IIae q. 80 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2578 sic proceditur. Videtur quod Diabolus non possit inducere ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2579 peccandum interius instigando. Interiores enim motus animae sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2580 quaedam opera vitae. Sed nullum opus vitae potest esse nisi a
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2581 principio intrinseco; nec etiam opus animae vegetabilis, quod est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2582 infimum inter opera vitae. Ergo Diabolus secundum interiores motus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2583 non potest hominem instigare ad malum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2584 <p title="I-II q. 80 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="37006"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2585 "ref">[37006] Iª-IIae q. 80 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2586 omnes interiores motus, secundum ordinem naturae, a sensibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2587 exterioribus oriuntur. Sed praeter ordinem naturae aliquid operari
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2588 est solius Dei, ut in primo dictum est. Ergo Diabolus non potest in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2589 interioribus motibus hominis aliquid operari, nisi secundum ea quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2590 exterioribus sensibus apparent.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2591 <p title="I-II q. 80 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="37007"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2592 "ref">[37007] Iª-IIae q. 80 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2593 interiores actus animae sunt intelligere et imaginari. Sed quantum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2594 ad neutrum horum potest Diabolus aliquid operari. Quia, ut in primo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2595 habitum est, Diabolus non imprimit in intellectum humanum. In
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2596 phantasiam etiam videtur quod imprimere non possit, quia formae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2597 imaginatae, tanquam magis spirituales, sunt digniores quam formae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2598 quae sunt in materia sensibili; quas tamen Diabolus imprimere non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2599 potest, ut patet ex his quae in primo habita sunt. Ergo Diabolus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2600 non potest secundum interiores motus inducere hominem ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2601 peccatum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2602 <p title="I-II q. 80 a. 2 s. c."><a name="37008"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2603 "ref">[37008] Iª-IIae q. 80 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2604 est quia secundum hoc nunquam tentaret hominem nisi visibiliter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2605 apparendo. Quod patet esse falsum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2606 <p title="I-II q. 80 a. 2 co."><a name="37009"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2607 "ref">[37009] Iª-IIae q. 80 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2608 dicendum quod interior pars animae est intellectiva et sensitiva.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2609 Intellectiva autem continet intellectum et voluntatem. Et de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2610 voluntate quidem iam dictum est quomodo ad eam Diabolus se habet.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2611 Intellectus autem per se quidem movetur ab aliquo illuminante ipsum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2612 ad cognitionem veritatis, quod Diabolus circa hominem non intendit,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2613 sed magis obtenebrare rationem ipsius ad consentiendum peccato.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2614 Quae quidem obtenebratio provenit ex phantasia et appetitu
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2615 sensitivo. Unde tota interior operatio Diaboli esse videtur circa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2616 phantasiam et appetitum sensitivum. Quorum utrumque commovendo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2617 potest inducere ad peccatum, potest enim operari ad hoc quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2618 imaginationi aliquae formae imaginariae praesententur; potest etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2619 facere quod appetitus sensitivus concitetur ad aliquam passionem.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2620 Dictum est enim in primo libro quod natura corporalis spirituali
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2621 naturaliter obedit ad motum localem. Unde et Diabolus omnia illa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2622 causare potest quae ex motu locali corporum inferiorum provenire
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2623 possunt, nisi virtute divina reprimatur. Quod autem aliquae formae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2624 repraesententur imaginationi, consequitur quandoque ad motum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2625 localem. Dicit enim philosophus, in libro de somno et vigilia, quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2626 <i>cum animal dormierit, descendente plurimo sanguine ad principium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2627 sensitivum, simul descendunt motus</i>, sive impressiones relictae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2628 ex sensibilium motionibus, quae in sensibilibus speciebus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2629 conservantur, et movent principium apprehensivum, ita quod apparent
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2630 ac si tunc principium sensitivum a rebus ipsis exterioribus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2631 immutaretur. Unde talis motus localis spirituum vel humorum potest
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2632 procurari a Daemonibus, sive dormiant sive vigilent homines, et sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2633 sequitur quod homo aliqua imaginetur. Similiter etiam appetitus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2634 sensitivus concitatur ad aliquas passiones secundum quendam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2635 determinatum motum cordis et spirituum. Unde ad hoc etiam Diabolus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2636 potest cooperari. Et ex hoc quod passiones aliquae concitantur in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2637 appetitu sensitivo, sequitur quod et motum sive intentionem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2638 sensibilem praedicto modo reductam ad principium apprehensivum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2639 magis homo percipiat, quia, ut philosophus in eodem libro dicit,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2640 <i>amantes modica similitudine in apprehensionem rei amatae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2641 moventur</i>. Contingit etiam ex hoc quod passio est concitata, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2642 id quod proponitur imaginationi, iudicetur prosequendum, quia ei
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2643 qui a passione detinetur, videtur esse bonum id ad quod per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2644 passionem inclinatur. Et per hunc modum Diabolus interius inducit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2645 ad peccandum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2646 <p title="I-II q. 80 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="37010"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2647 "ref">[37010] Iª-IIae q. 80 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2648 ergo dicendum quod opera vitae semper etsi sint ab aliquo principio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2649 intrinseco, tamen ad ea potest cooperari aliquod exterius agens,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2650 sicut etiam ad opera animae vegetabilis operatur calor exterior, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2651 facilius digeratur cibus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2652 <p title="I-II q. 80 a. 2 ad 2"><a name="37011"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2653 "ref">[37011] Iª-IIae q. 80 a. 2 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2654 dicendum quod huiusmodi apparitio formarum imaginabilium non est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2655 omnino praeter ordinem naturae. Nec est per solum imperium, sed per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2656 motum localem, ut dictum est.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2657 <p title="I-II q. 80 a. 2 ad 3"><a name="37012"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2658 "ref">[37012] Iª-IIae q. 80 a. 2 ad 3</span></a> Unde patet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2659 responsio ad tertium, quia formae illae sunt a sensibus acceptae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2660 primordialiter.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2661 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2662 <div class="E">Articulus 3</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2663 <p title="I-II q. 80 a. 3 arg. 1"><a name="37013"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2664 "ref">[37013] Iª-IIae q. 80 a. 3 arg. 1</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2665 sic proceditur. Videtur quod Diabolus possit necessitatem inferre
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2666 ad peccandum. Potestas enim maior potest necessitatem inferre
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2667 minori. Sed de Diabolo dicitur Iob XLI, <i>non est potestas super
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2668 terram quae ei valeat comparari</i>. Ergo potest homini terreno
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2669 necessitatem inferre ad peccandum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2670 <p title="I-II q. 80 a. 3 arg. 2"><a name="37014"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2671 "ref">[37014] Iª-IIae q. 80 a. 3 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2672 ratio hominis non potest moveri nisi secundum ea quae exterius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2673 sensibus proponuntur et imaginationi repraesentantur, quia omnis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2674 nostra cognitio ortum habet a sensu, <i>et non est intelligere sine
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2675 phantasmate</i>, ut dicitur in libro de anima. Sed Diabolus potest
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2676 movere imaginationem hominis, ut dictum est, et etiam exteriores
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2677 sensus, dicit enim Augustinus, in libro octoginta trium quaest.,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2678 quod <i>serpit hoc malum</i>, scilicet quod est a Diabolo, <i>per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2679 omnes aditus sensuales; dat se figuris, accommodat coloribus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2680 adhaeret sonis, infundit saporibus</i>. Ergo potest rationem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2681 hominis ex necessitate inclinare ad peccandum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2682 <p title="I-II q. 80 a. 3 arg. 3"><a name="37015"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2683 "ref">[37015] Iª-IIae q. 80 a. 3 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2684 secundum Augustinum, <i>nonnullum peccatum est, cum caro
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2685 concupiscit adversus spiritum</i>. Sed concupiscentiam carnis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2686 Diabolus potest causare, sicut et ceteras passiones, eo modo quo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2687 supra dictum est. Ergo ex necessitate potest inducere ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2688 peccandum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2689 <p title="I-II q. 80 a. 3 s. c."><a name="37016"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2690 "ref">[37016] Iª-IIae q. 80 a. 3 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2691 est quod dicitur I Petr. ult., <i>adversarius vester Diabolus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2692 tanquam leo rugiens circuit, quaerens quem devoret, cui resistite
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2693 fortes in fide</i>. Frustra autem talis admonitio daretur, si homo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2694 ei ex necessitate succumberet. Non ergo potest homini necessitatem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2695 inducere ad peccandum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2696 <p title="I-II q. 80 a. 3 co."><a name="37017"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2697 "ref">[37017] Iª-IIae q. 80 a. 3 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2698 dicendum quod Diabolus propria virtute, nisi refraenetur a Deo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2699 potest aliquem inducere ex necessitate ad faciendum aliquem actum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2700 qui de suo genere peccatum est, non autem potest inducere
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2701 necessitatem peccandi. Quod patet ex hoc quod homo motivo ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2702 peccandum non resistit nisi per rationem, cuius usum totaliter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2703 impedire potest movendo imaginationem et appetitum sensitivum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2704 sicut in arreptitiis patet. Sed tunc, ratione sic ligata, quidquid
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2705 homo agat, non imputatur ei ad peccatum. Sed si ratio non sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2706 totaliter ligata, ex ea parte qua est libera, potest resistere
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2707 peccato, sicut supra dictum est. Unde manifestum est quod Diabolus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2708 nullo modo potest necessitatem inducere homini ad peccandum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2709 <p title="I-II q. 80 a. 3 ad 1"><a name="37018"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2710 "ref">[37018] Iª-IIae q. 80 a. 3 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2711 ergo dicendum quod non quaelibet potestas maior homine, potest
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2712 movere voluntatem hominis, sed solus Deus, ut supra habitum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2713 est.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2714 <p title="I-II q. 80 a. 3 ad 2"><a name="37019"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2715 "ref">[37019] Iª-IIae q. 80 a. 3 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2716 dicendum quod illud quod est apprehensum per sensum vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2717 imaginationem, non ex necessitate movet voluntatem, si homo habeat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2718 usum rationis. Nec semper huiusmodi apprehensio ligat rationem.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2719 <p title="I-II q. 80 a. 3 ad 3"><a name="37020"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2720 "ref">[37020] Iª-IIae q. 80 a. 3 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2721 dicendum quod concupiscentia carnis contra spiritum, quando ratio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2722 ei actualiter resistit, non est peccatum, sed materia exercendae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2723 virtutis. Quod autem ratio ei non resistat, non est in potestate
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2724 Diaboli. Et ideo non potest inducere necessitatem peccati.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2725 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2726 <div class="E">Articulus 4</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2727 <p title="I-II q. 80 a. 4 arg. 1"><a name="37021"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2728 "ref">[37021] Iª-IIae q. 80 a. 4 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quartum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2729 sic proceditur. Videtur quod omnia peccata hominum sint ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2730 suggestione Diaboli. Dicit enim Dionysius, IV cap. de Div. Nom.,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2731 quod <i>multitudo Daemonum causa est omnium malorum et sibi et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2732 aliis</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2733 <p title="I-II q. 80 a. 4 arg. 2"><a name="37022"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2734 "ref">[37022] Iª-IIae q. 80 a. 4 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2735 quicumque peccat mortaliter, efficitur servus Diaboli; secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2736 illud Ioan. VIII, <i>qui facit peccatum, servus est peccati. Sed ei
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2737 aliquis in servitutem addicitur, a quo superatus est</i>, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2738 dicitur II Petr. II. Ergo quicumque facit peccatum, superatus est a
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2739 Diabolo.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2740 <p title="I-II q. 80 a. 4 arg. 3"><a name="37023"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2741 "ref">[37023] Iª-IIae q. 80 a. 4 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2742 Gregorius dicit quod peccatum Diaboli est irreparabile, quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2743 cecidit nullo suggerente. Si igitur aliqui homines peccarent per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2744 liberum arbitrium, nullo suggerente, eorum peccatum esset
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2745 irremediabile, quod patet esse falsum. Ergo omnia peccata humana a
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2746 Diabolo suggeruntur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2747 <p title="I-II q. 80 a. 4 s. c."><a name="37024"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2748 "ref">[37024] Iª-IIae q. 80 a. 4 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2749 est quod dicitur in libro de ecclesiasticis dogmatibus, <i>non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2750 omnes cogitationes nostrae malae a Diabolo excitantur, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2751 aliquoties ex nostri arbitrii motu emergunt</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2752 <p title="I-II q. 80 a. 4 co."><a name="37025"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2753 "ref">[37025] Iª-IIae q. 80 a. 4 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2754 dicendum quod occasionaliter quidem et indirecte Diabolus est causa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2755 omnium peccatorum nostrorum, inquantum induxit primum hominem ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2756 peccandum, ex cuius peccato intantum vitiata est humana natura, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2757 omnes simus ad peccandum proclives, sicut diceretur esse causa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2758 combustionis lignorum qui ligna siccaret, ex quo sequeretur quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2759 facile incenderentur. Directe autem non est causa omnium peccatorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2760 humanorum, ita quod singula peccata persuadeat. Quod Origenes
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2761 probat ex hoc, quia etiam si Diabolus non esset, homines haberent
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2762 appetitum cibi et venereorum et similium, qui posset esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2763 inordinatus nisi ratione ordinaretur, quod subiacet libero
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2764 arbitrio.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2765 <p title="I-II q. 80 a. 4 ad 1"><a name="37026"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2766 "ref">[37026] Iª-IIae q. 80 a. 4 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2767 ergo dicendum quod multitudo Daemonum est causa omnium malorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2768 nostrorum secundum primam originem, ut dictum est.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2769 <p title="I-II q. 80 a. 4 ad 2"><a name="37027"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2770 "ref">[37027] Iª-IIae q. 80 a. 4 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2771 dicendum quod non solum fit servus alicuius qui ab eo superatur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2772 sed etiam qui se ei voluntarie subiicit. Et hoc modo fit servus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2773 Diaboli qui motu proprio peccat.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2774 <p title="I-II q. 80 a. 4 ad 3"><a name="37028"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2775 "ref">[37028] Iª-IIae q. 80 a. 4 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2776 dicendum quod peccatum Diaboli fuit irremediabile, quia nec aliquo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2777 suggerente peccavit, nec habuit aliquam pronitatem ad peccandum ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2778 praecedenti suggestione causatam. Quod de nullo hominis peccato
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2779 dici potest.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2780 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2781 <div class="D">Quaestio 81</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2782 <div class="G">Prooemium</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2783 <p title="I-II q. 81 pr."><a name="37029"><span class="ref">[37029]
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2784 Iª-IIae q. 81 pr.</span></a> Deinde considerandum est de causa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2785 peccati ex parte hominis. Cum autem homo sit causa peccati alteri
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2786 homini exterius suggerendo, sicut et Diabolus, habet quendam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2787 specialem modum causandi peccatum in alterum per originem. Unde de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2788 peccato originali dicendum est. Circa quod tria consideranda
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2789 occurrunt, primo, de eius traductione; secundo, de eius essentia;
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2790 tertio, de eius subiecto. Circa primum quaeruntur quinque. Primo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2791 utrum primum peccatum hominis derivetur per originem in posteros.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2792 Secundo, utrum omnia alia peccata primi parentis, vel etiam aliorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2793 parentum, per originem in posteros deriventur. Tertio, utrum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2794 peccatum originale derivetur ad omnes qui ex Adam per viam seminis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2795 generantur. Quarto, utrum derivaretur ad illos qui miraculose ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2796 aliqua parte humani corporis formarentur. Quinto, utrum si femina
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2797 peccasset, viro non peccante, traduceretur originale peccatum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2798 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2799 <div class="E">Articulus 1</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2800 <p title="I-II q. 81 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="37030"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2801 "ref">[37030] Iª-IIae q. 81 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2802 sic proceditur. Videtur quod primum peccatum primi parentis non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2803 traducatur ad alios per originem. Dicitur enim Ezech. XVIII,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2804 <i>filius non portabit iniquitatem patris</i>. Portaret autem, si
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2805 ab eo iniquitatem traheret. Ergo nullus trahit ab aliquo parentum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2806 per originem aliquod peccatum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2807 <p title="I-II q. 81 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="37031"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2808 "ref">[37031] Iª-IIae q. 81 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2809 accidens non traducitur per originem, nisi traducto subiecto, eo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2810 quod accidens non transit de subiecto in subiectum. Sed anima
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2811 rationalis, quae est subiectum culpae, non traducitur per originem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2812 ut in primo ostensum est. Ergo neque aliqua culpa per originem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2813 traduci potest.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2814 <p title="I-II q. 81 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="37032"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2815 "ref">[37032] Iª-IIae q. 81 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2816 omne illud quod traducitur per originem humanam, causatur ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2817 semine. Sed semen non potest causare peccatum, eo quod caret
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2818 rationali parte animae, quae sola potest esse causa peccati. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2819 nullum peccatum potest trahi per originem.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2820 <p title="I-II q. 81 a. 1 arg. 4"><a name="37033"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2821 "ref">[37033] Iª-IIae q. 81 a. 1 arg. 4</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2822 quod est perfectius in natura, virtuosius est ad agendum. Sed caro
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2823 perfecta non potest inficere animam sibi unitam, alioquin anima non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2824 posset emundari a culpa originali dum est carni unita. Ergo multo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2825 minus semen potest inficere animam.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2826 <p title="I-II q. 81 a. 1 arg. 5"><a name="37034"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2827 "ref">[37034] Iª-IIae q. 81 a. 1 arg. 5</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2828 philosophus dicit, in III Ethic., quod <i>propter naturam turpes
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2829 nullus increpat, sed eos qui propter desidiam et negligentiam</i>.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2830 Dicuntur autem natura turpes qui habent turpitudinem ex sua
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2831 origine. Ergo nihil quod est per originem, est increpabile, neque
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2832 peccatum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2833 <p title="I-II q. 81 a. 1 s. c."><a name="37035"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2834 "ref">[37035] Iª-IIae q. 81 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2835 est quod apostolus dicit, Rom. V, <i>per unum hominem peccatum in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2836 hunc mundum intravit</i>. Quod non potest intelligi per modum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2837 imitationis, propter hoc quod dicitur Sap. II, <i>invidia Diaboli
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2838 mors intravit in orbem terrarum</i>. Restat ergo quod per originem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2839 a primo homine peccatum in mundo intravit.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2840 <p title="I-II q. 81 a. 1 co."><a name="37036"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2841 "ref">[37036] Iª-IIae q. 81 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2842 dicendum quod secundum fidem Catholicam est tenendum quod primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2843 peccatum primi hominis originaliter transit in posteros. Propter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2844 quod etiam pueri mox nati deferuntur ad Baptismum, tanquam ab
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2845 aliqua infectione culpae abluendi. Contrarium autem est haeresis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2846 Pelagianae, ut patet per Augustinum in plurimis suis libris. Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2847 investigandum autem qualiter peccatum primi parentis originaliter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2848 possit transire in posteros, diversi diversis viis processerunt.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2849 Quidam enim, considerantes quod peccati subiectum est anima
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2850 rationalis, posuerunt quod cum semine rationalis anima traducatur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2851 ut sic ex infecta anima animae infectae derivari videantur. Alii
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2852 vero, hoc repudiantes tanquam erroneum, conati sunt ostendere
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2853 quomodo culpa animae parentis traducitur in prolem, etiam si anima
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2854 non traducatur, per hoc quod corporis defectus traducuntur a
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2855 parente in prolem, sicut si leprosus generat leprosum, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2856 podagricus podagricum, propter aliquam corruptionem seminis, licet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2857 talis corruptio non dicatur lepra vel podagra. Cum autem corpus sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2858 proportionatum animae, et defectus animae redundent in corpus, et e
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2859 converso; simili modo dicunt quod culpabilis defectus animae per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2860 traductionem seminis in prolem derivatur, quamvis semen actualiter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2861 non sit culpae subiectum. Sed omnes huiusmodi viae insufficientes
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2862 sunt. Quia dato quod aliqui defectus corporales a parente transeant
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2863 in prolem per originem; et etiam aliqui defectus animae ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2864 consequenti, propter corporis indispositionem, sicut interdum ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2865 fatuis fatui generantur, tamen hoc ipsum quod est ex origine
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2866 aliquem defectum habere, videtur excludere rationem culpae, de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2867 cuius ratione est quod sit voluntaria. Unde etiam posito quod anima
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2868 rationalis traduceretur, ex hoc ipso quod infectio animae prolis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2869 non esset in eius voluntate, amitteret rationem culpae obligantis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2870 ad poenam, quia, ut philosophus dicit in III Ethic., <i>nullus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2871 improperabit caeco nato, sed magis miserebitur</i>. Et ideo alia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2872 via procedendum est, dicendo quod omnes homines qui nascuntur ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2873 Adam, possunt considerari ut unus homo, inquantum conveniunt in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2874 natura, quam a primo parente accipiunt; secundum quod in civilibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2875 omnes qui sunt unius communitatis, reputantur quasi unum corpus, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2876 tota communitas quasi unus homo. Porphyrius etiam dicit quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2877 <i>participatione speciei plures homines sunt unus homo</i>. Sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2878 igitur multi homines ex Adam derivati, sunt tanquam multa membra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2879 unius corporis. Actus autem unius membri corporalis, puta manus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2880 non est voluntarius voluntate ipsius manus, sed voluntate animae,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2881 quae primo movet membra. Unde homicidium quod manus committit, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2882 imputaretur manui ad peccatum, si consideraretur manus secundum se
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2883 ut divisa a corpore, sed imputatur ei inquantum est aliquid hominis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2884 quod movetur a primo principio motivo hominis. Sic igitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2885 inordinatio quae est in isto homine, ex Adam generato, non est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2886 voluntaria voluntate ipsius sed voluntate primi parentis, qui movet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2887 motione generationis omnes qui ex eius origine derivantur, sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2888 voluntas animae movet omnia membra ad actum. Unde peccatum quod sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2889 a primo parente in posteros derivatur, dicitur originale, sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2890 peccatum quod ab anima derivatur ad membra corporis, dicitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2891 actuale. Et sicut peccatum actuale quod per membrum aliquod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2892 committitur, non est peccatum illius membri nisi inquantum illud
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2893 membrum est aliquid ipsius hominis, propter quod vocatur peccatum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2894 humanum; ita peccatum originale non est peccatum huius personae,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2895 nisi inquantum haec persona recipit naturam a primo parente. Unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2896 et vocatur peccatum naturae; secundum illud Ephes. II, <i>eramus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2897 natura filii irae</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2898 <p title="I-II q. 81 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="37037"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2899 "ref">[37037] Iª-IIae q. 81 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2900 ergo dicendum quod filius dicitur non portare peccatum patris, quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2901 non punitur pro peccato patris, nisi sit particeps culpae. Et sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2902 est in proposito, derivatur enim per originem culpa a patre in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2903 filium, sicut et peccatum actuale per imitationem.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2904 <p title="I-II q. 81 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="37038"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2905 "ref">[37038] Iª-IIae q. 81 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2906 dicendum quod, etsi anima non traducatur, quia virtus seminis non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2907 potest causare animam rationalem; movet tamen ad ipsam dispositive.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2908 Unde per virtutem seminis traducitur humana natura a parente in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2909 prolem, et simul cum natura naturae infectio, ex hoc enim fit iste
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2910 qui nascitur consors culpae primi parentis, quod naturam ab eo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2911 sortitur per quandam generativam motionem.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2912 <p title="I-II q. 81 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="37039"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2913 "ref">[37039] Iª-IIae q. 81 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2914 dicendum quod, etsi culpa non sit actu in semine, est tamen ibi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2915 virtute humana natura, quam concomitatur talis culpa.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2916 <p title="I-II q. 81 a. 1 ad 4"><a name="37040"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2917 "ref">[37040] Iª-IIae q. 81 a. 1 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2918 dicendum quod semen est principium generationis, quae est proprius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2919 actus naturae, eius propagationi deserviens. Et ideo magis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2920 inficitur anima per semen quam per carnem iam perfectam, quae iam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2921 determinata est ad personam.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2922 <p title="I-II q. 81 a. 1 ad 5"><a name="37041"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2923 "ref">[37041] Iª-IIae q. 81 a. 1 ad 5</span></a> Ad quintum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2924 dicendum quod illud quod est per originem, non est increpabile, si
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2925 consideretur iste qui nascitur secundum se. Sed si consideretur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2926 prout refertur ad aliquod principium, sic potest esse ei
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2927 increpabile, sicut aliquis qui nascitur patitur ignominiam generis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2928 ex culpa alicuius progenitorum causatam.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2929 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2930 <div class="E">Articulus 2</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2931 <p title="I-II q. 81 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="37042"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2932 "ref">[37042] Iª-IIae q. 81 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2933 sic proceditur. Videtur quod etiam alia peccata vel ipsius primi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2934 parentis, vel proximorum parentum, traducantur in posteros. Poena
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2935 enim nunquam debetur nisi culpae. Sed aliqui puniuntur iudicio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2936 divino pro peccato proximorum parentum; secundum illud Exod. XX,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2937 <i>ego sum Deus Zelotes, visitans iniquitatem patrum in filios, in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2938 tertiam et quartam generationem</i>. Iudicio etiam humano, in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2939 crimine laesae maiestatis, filii exheredantur pro peccato parentum.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2940 Ergo etiam culpa proximorum parentum transit ad posteros.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2941 <p title="I-II q. 81 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="37043"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2942 "ref">[37043] Iª-IIae q. 81 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2943 magis potest transferre in alterum id quod habet aliquis a seipso,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2944 quam id quod habet ex alio, sicut ignis magis potest calefacere
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2945 quam aqua calefacta, sed homo transfert in prolem per originem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2946 peccatum quod habet ab Adam. Ergo multo magis peccatum quod ipse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2947 commisit.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2948 <p title="I-II q. 81 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="37044"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2949 "ref">[37044] Iª-IIae q. 81 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2950 ideo contrahimus a primo parente peccatum originale, quia in eo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2951 fuimus sicut in principio naturae, quam ipse corrupit. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2952 similiter fuimus in proximis parentibus sicut in quibusdam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2953 principiis naturae, quae etsi sit corrupta, potest adhuc magis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2954 corrumpi per peccatum, secundum illud Apoc. ult., <i>qui in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2955 sordibus est, sordescat adhuc</i>. Ergo filii contrahunt peccata
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2956 proximorum parentum per originem, sicut et primi parentis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2957 <p title="I-II q. 81 a. 2 s. c."><a name="37045"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2958 "ref">[37045] Iª-IIae q. 81 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2959 bonum est magis diffusivum sui quam malum. Sed merita proximorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2960 parentum non traducuntur ad posteros. Ergo multo minus peccata.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2961 <p title="I-II q. 81 a. 2 co."><a name="37046"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2962 "ref">[37046] Iª-IIae q. 81 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2963 dicendum quod Augustinus hanc quaestionem movet in Enchiridio, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2964 insolutam relinquit. Sed si quis diligenter attendit, impossibile
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2965 est quod aliqua peccata proximorum parentum, vel etiam primi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2966 parentis praeter primum, per originem traducantur. Cuius ratio est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2967 quia homo generat sibi idem in specie, non autem secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2968 individuum. Et ideo ea quae directe pertinent ad individuum, sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2969 personales actus et quae ad eos pertinent, non traducuntur a
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2970 parentibus in filios, non enim grammaticus traducit in filium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2971 scientiam grammaticae, quam proprio studio acquisivit. Sed ea quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2972 pertinent ad naturam speciei, traducuntur a parentibus in filios,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2973 nisi sit defectus naturae, sicut oculatus generat oculatum, nisi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2974 natura deficiat. Et si natura sit fortis, etiam aliqua accidentia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2975 individualia propagantur in filios, pertinentia ad dispositionem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2976 naturae, sicut velocitas corporis, bonitas ingenii, et alia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2977 huiusmodi, nullo autem modo ea quae sunt pure personalia, ut dictum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2978 est. Sicut autem ad personam pertinet aliquid secundum seipsam, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2979 aliquid ex dono gratiae; ita etiam ad naturam potest aliquid
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2980 pertinere secundum seipsam, scilicet quod causatur ex principiis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2981 eius, et aliquid ex dono gratiae. Et hoc modo iustitia originalis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2982 sicut in primo dictum est, erat quoddam donum gratiae toti humanae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2983 naturae divinitus collatum in primo parente. Quod quidem primus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2984 homo amisit per primum peccatum. Unde sicut illa originalis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2985 iustitia traducta fuisset in posteros simul cum natura, ita etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2986 inordinatio opposita. Sed alia peccata actualia vel primi parentis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2987 vel aliorum, non corrumpunt naturam quantum ad id quod naturae est;
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2988 sed solum quantum ad id quod personae est, idest secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2989 pronitatem ad actum. Unde alia peccata non traducuntur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2990 <p title="I-II q. 81 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="37047"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2991 "ref">[37047] Iª-IIae q. 81 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2992 ergo dicendum quod poena spirituali, sicut Augustinus dicit in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2993 epistola ad avitum, nunquam puniuntur filii pro parentibus, nisi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2994 communicent in culpa, vel per originem vel per imitationem, quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2995 omnes animae immediate sunt Dei, ut dicitur Ezech. XVIII. Sed poena
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2996 corporali interdum, iudicio divino vel humano, puniuntur filii pro
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2997 parentibus, inquantum filius est aliquid patris secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2998 corpus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2999 <p title="I-II q. 81 a. 2 ad 2"><a name="37048"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3000 "ref">[37048] Iª-IIae q. 81 a. 2 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3001 dicendum quod illud quod habet aliquis ex se, magis potest
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3002 traducere, dummodo sit traducibile. Sed peccata actualia proximorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3003 parentum non sunt traducibilia, quia sunt pure personalia, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3004 dictum est.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3005 <p title="I-II q. 81 a. 2 ad 3"><a name="37049"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3006 "ref">[37049] Iª-IIae q. 81 a. 2 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3007 dicendum quod primum peccatum corrumpit naturam humanam corruptione
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3008 ad naturam pertinente, alia vero peccata corrumpunt eam corruptione
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3009 pertinente ad solam personam.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3010 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3011 <div class="E">Articulus 3</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3012 <p title="I-II q. 81 a. 3 arg. 1"><a name="37050"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3013 "ref">[37050] Iª-IIae q. 81 a. 3 arg. 1</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3014 sic proceditur. Videtur quod peccatum primi parentis non transeat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3015 per originem in omnes homines. Mors enim est poena consequens
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3016 originale peccatum. Sed non omnes qui procedunt seminaliter ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3017 Adam, morientur, illi enim qui vivi reperientur in adventu domini,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3018 nunquam morientur, ut videtur per quod dicitur I Thessal. IV,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3019 <i>nos qui vivimus, non praeveniemus in adventu domini eos qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3020 dormierunt</i>. Ergo illi non contrahunt originale peccatum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3021 <p title="I-II q. 81 a. 3 arg. 2"><a name="37051"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3022 "ref">[37051] Iª-IIae q. 81 a. 3 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3023 nullus dat alteri quod ipse non habet. Sed homo baptizatus non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3024 habet peccatum originale. Ergo non traducit ipsum in prolem.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3025 <p title="I-II q. 81 a. 3 arg. 3"><a name="37052"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3026 "ref">[37052] Iª-IIae q. 81 a. 3 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3027 donum Christi est maius quam peccatum Adae, ut apostolus dicit,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3028 Rom. V. Sed donum Christi non transit in omnes homines. Ergo nec
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3029 peccatum Adae.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3030 <p title="I-II q. 81 a. 3 s. c."><a name="37053"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3031 "ref">[37053] Iª-IIae q. 81 a. 3 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3032 est quod apostolus dicit, Rom. V, <i>mors in omnes pertransiit, in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3033 quo omnes peccaverunt</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3034 <p title="I-II q. 81 a. 3 co."><a name="37054"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3035 "ref">[37054] Iª-IIae q. 81 a. 3 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3036 dicendum quod secundum fidem Catholicam firmiter est tenendum quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3037 omnes homines, praeter solum Christum, ex Adam derivati, peccatum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3038 originale ex eo contrahunt, alioquin non omnes indigerent
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3039 redemptione quae est per Christum; quod est erroneum. Ratio autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3040 sumi potest ex hoc quod supra dictum est, quod sic ex peccato primi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3041 parentis traducitur culpa originalis in posteros, sicut a voluntate
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3042 animae per motionem membrorum traducitur peccatum actuale ad membra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3043 corporis. Manifestum est autem quod peccatum actuale traduci potest
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3044 ad omnia membra quae nata sunt moveri a voluntate. Unde et culpa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3045 originalis traducitur ad omnes illos qui moventur ab Adam motione
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3046 generationis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3047 <p title="I-II q. 81 a. 3 ad 1"><a name="37055"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3048 "ref">[37055] Iª-IIae q. 81 a. 3 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3049 ergo dicendum quod probabilius et communius tenetur quod omnes illi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3050 qui in adventu domini reperientur, morientur, et post modicum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3051 resurgent, ut in tertio plenius dicetur. Si tamen hoc verum sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3052 quod alii dicunt, quod illi nunquam morientur, sicut Hieronymus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3053 narrat diversorum opiniones in quadam epistola ad Minerium, de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3054 resurrectione carnis; dicendum est ad argumentum, quod illi etsi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3055 non moriantur, est tamen in eis reatus mortis, sed poena aufertur a
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3056 Deo, qui etiam peccatorum actualium poenas condonare potest.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3057 <p title="I-II q. 81 a. 3 ad 2"><a name="37056"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3058 "ref">[37056] Iª-IIae q. 81 a. 3 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3059 dicendum quod peccatum originale per Baptismum aufertur reatu,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3060 inquantum anima recuperat gratiam quantum ad mentem. Remanet tamen
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3061 peccatum originale actu quantum ad fomitem, qui est inordinatio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3062 inferiorum partium animae et ipsius corporis, secundum quod homo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3063 generat, et non secundum mentem. Et ideo baptizati traducunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3064 peccatum originale, non enim generant inquantum sunt renovati per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3065 Baptismum, sed inquantum retinent adhuc aliquid de vetustate primi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3066 peccati.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3067 <p title="I-II q. 81 a. 3 ad 3"><a name="37057"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3068 "ref">[37057] Iª-IIae q. 81 a. 3 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3069 dicendum quod, sicut peccatum Adae traducitur in omnes qui ab Adam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3070 corporaliter generantur, ita gratia Christi traducitur in omnes qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3071 ab eo spiritualiter generantur per fidem et Baptismum, et non solum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3072 ad removendam culpam primi parentis, sed etiam ad removendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3073 peccata actualia, et ad introducendum in gloriam.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3074 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3075 <div class="E">Articulus 4</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3076 <p title="I-II q. 81 a. 4 arg. 1"><a name="37058"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3077 "ref">[37058] Iª-IIae q. 81 a. 4 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quartum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3078 sic proceditur. Videtur quod, si aliquis formaretur ex carne humana
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3079 miraculose, contraheret originale peccatum. Dicit enim quaedam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3080 Glossa Gen. IV, quod <i>in lumbis Adae fuit tota posteritas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3081 corrupta, quia non est separata prius in loco vitae, sed postea in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3082 loco exilii</i>. Sed si aliquis homo sic formaretur sicut dictum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3083 est, caro eius separaretur in loco exilii. Ergo contraheret
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3084 originale peccatum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3085 <p title="I-II q. 81 a. 4 arg. 2"><a name="37059"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3086 "ref">[37059] Iª-IIae q. 81 a. 4 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3087 peccatum originale causatur in nobis inquantum anima inficitur ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3088 carne. Sed caro tota hominis est infecta. Ergo ex quacumque parte
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3089 carnis homo formaretur, anima eius inficeretur infectione
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3090 originalis peccati.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3091 <p title="I-II q. 81 a. 4 arg. 3"><a name="37060"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3092 "ref">[37060] Iª-IIae q. 81 a. 4 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3093 peccatum originale a primo parente pervenit in omnes, inquantum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3094 omnes in eo peccante fuerunt. Sed illi qui ex carne humana
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3095 formarentur, in Adam fuissent. Ergo peccatum originale
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3096 contraherent.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3097 <p title="I-II q. 81 a. 4 s. c."><a name="37061"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3098 "ref">[37061] Iª-IIae q. 81 a. 4 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3099 est quia non fuissent in Adam secundum seminalem rationem; quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3100 solum causat traductionem peccati originalis, ut Augustinus dicit,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3101 X super Gen. ad Litt.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3102 <p title="I-II q. 81 a. 4 co."><a name="37062"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3103 "ref">[37062] Iª-IIae q. 81 a. 4 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3104 dicendum quod, sicut iam dictum est, peccatum originale a primo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3105 parente traducitur in posteros, inquantum moventur ab ipso per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3106 generationem, sicut membra moventur ab anima ad peccatum actuale.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3107 Non autem est motio ad generationem nisi per virtutem activam in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3108 generatione. Unde illi soli peccatum originale contrahunt, qui ab
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3109 Adam descendunt per virtutem activam in generatione originaliter ab
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3110 Adam derivatam, quod est secundum seminalem rationem ab eo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3111 descendere, nam ratio seminalis nihil aliud est quam vis activa in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3112 generatione. Si autem aliquis formaretur virtute divina ex carne
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3113 humana, manifestum est quod vis activa non derivaretur ab Adam.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3114 Unde non contraheret peccatum originale, sicut nec actus manus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3115 pertineret ad peccatum humanum, si manus non moveretur a voluntate
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3116 hominis, sed ab aliquo extrinseco movente.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3117 <p title="I-II q. 81 a. 4 ad 1"><a name="37063"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3118 "ref">[37063] Iª-IIae q. 81 a. 4 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3119 ergo dicendum quod Adam non fuit in loco exilii nisi post peccatum.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3120 Unde non propter locum exilii, sed propter peccatum, traducitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3121 originalis culpa ad eos ad quos activa eius generatio pervenit.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3122 <p title="I-II q. 81 a. 4 ad 2"><a name="37064"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3123 "ref">[37064] Iª-IIae q. 81 a. 4 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3124 dicendum quod caro non inficit animam nisi inquantum est principium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3125 activum in generatione, ut dictum est.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3126 <p title="I-II q. 81 a. 4 ad 3"><a name="37065"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3127 "ref">[37065] Iª-IIae q. 81 a. 4 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3128 dicendum quod ille qui formaretur ex carne humana, fuisset in Adam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3129 secundum corpulentam substantiam; sed non secundum seminalem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3130 rationem, ut dictum est. Et ideo non contraheret originale
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3131 peccatum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3132 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3133 <div class="E">Articulus 5</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3134 <p title="I-II q. 81 a. 5 arg. 1"><a name="37066"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3135 "ref">[37066] Iª-IIae q. 81 a. 5 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quintum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3136 sic proceditur. Videtur quod, si Adam non peccasset, Eva peccante,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3137 filii originale peccatum contraherent. Peccatum enim originale a
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3138 parentibus contrahimus, inquantum in eis fuimus, secundum illud
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3139 apostoli, Rom. V, <i>in quo omnes peccaverunt</i>. Sed sicut homo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3140 praeexistit in patre suo, ita in matre. Ergo ex peccato matris homo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3141 peccatum originale contraheret, sicut et ex peccato patris.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3142 <p title="I-II q. 81 a. 5 arg. 2"><a name="37067"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3143 "ref">[37067] Iª-IIae q. 81 a. 5 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3144 si Eva peccasset, Adam non peccante, filii passibiles et mortales
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3145 nascerentur, mater enim dat materiam in generatione, ut dicit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3146 philosophus, in II de Generat. Animal.; mors autem, et omnis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3147 passibilitas, provenit ex necessitate materiae. Sed passibilitas et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3148 necessitas moriendi sunt poena peccati originalis. Ergo, si Eva
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3149 peccasset, Adam non peccante, filii contraherent originale
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3150 peccatum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3151 <p title="I-II q. 81 a. 5 arg. 3"><a name="37068"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3152 "ref">[37068] Iª-IIae q. 81 a. 5 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3153 Damascenus dicit, in libro III, quod spiritus sanctus praevenit in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3154 virginem, de qua Christus erat absque peccato originali nasciturus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3155 purgans eam. Sed illa purgatio non fuisset necessaria, si infectio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3156 originalis peccati non traheretur ex matre. Ergo infectio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3157 originalis peccati ex matre trahitur. Et sic, Eva peccante, eius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3158 filii peccatum originale contraherent, etiam si Adam non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3159 peccasset.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3160 <p title="I-II q. 81 a. 5 s. c."><a name="37069"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3161 "ref">[37069] Iª-IIae q. 81 a. 5 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3162 est quod apostolus dicit, Rom. V, <i>per unum hominem peccatum in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3163 hunc mundum intravit</i>. Magis autem fuisset dicendum quod per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3164 duos intrasset, cum ambo peccaverint; vel potius per mulierem, quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3165 primo peccavit; si femina peccatum originale in prolem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3166 transmitteret. Non ergo peccatum originale derivatur in filios a
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3167 matre, sed a patre.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3168 <p title="I-II q. 81 a. 5 co."><a name="37070"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3169 "ref">[37070] Iª-IIae q. 81 a. 5 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3170 dicendum quod huius dubitationis solutio ex praemissis apparet.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3171 Dictum est enim supra quod peccatum originale a primo parente
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3172 traducitur inquantum ipse movet ad generationem natorum, unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3173 dictum est quod, si materialiter tantum aliquis ex carne humana
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3174 generaretur, originale peccatum non contraheret. Manifestum est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3175 autem secundum doctrinam philosophorum, quod principium activum in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3176 generatione est a patre, materiam autem mater ministrat. Unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3177 peccatum originale non contrahitur a matre, sed a patre. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3178 secundum hoc, si, Adam non peccante, Eva peccasset, filii originale
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3179 peccatum non contraherent. E converso autem esset, si Adam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3180 peccasset, et Eva non peccasset.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3181 <p title="I-II q. 81 a. 5 ad 1"><a name="37071"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3182 "ref">[37071] Iª-IIae q. 81 a. 5 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3183 ergo dicendum quod in patre praeexistit filius sicut in principio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3184 activo, sed in matre sicut in principio materiali et passivo. Unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3185 non est similis ratio.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3186 <p title="I-II q. 81 a. 5 ad 2"><a name="37072"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3187 "ref">[37072] Iª-IIae q. 81 a. 5 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3188 dicendum quod quibusdam videtur quod, Eva peccante, si Adam non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3189 peccasset, filii essent immunes a culpa, paterentur tamen
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3190 necessitatem moriendi, et alias passibilitates provenientes ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3191 necessitate materiae, quam mater ministrat, non sub ratione poenae,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3192 sed sicut quosdam naturales defectus. Sed hoc non videtur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3193 conveniens. Immortalitas enim et impassibilitas primi status non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3194 erat ex conditione materiae, ut in primo dictum est; sed ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3195 originali iustitiae, per quam corpus subdebatur animae, quandiu
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3196 anima esset subiecta Deo. Defectus autem originalis iustitiae est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3197 peccatum originale. Si igitur, Adam non peccante, peccatum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3198 originale non transfunderetur in posteros propter peccatum Evae;
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3199 manifestum est quod in filiis non esset defectus originalis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3200 iustitiae. Unde non esset in eis passibilitas vel necessitas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3201 moriendi.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3202 <p title="I-II q. 81 a. 5 ad 3"><a name="37073"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3203 "ref">[37073] Iª-IIae q. 81 a. 5 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3204 dicendum quod illa purgatio praeveniens in beata virgine, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3205 requirebatur ad auferendum transfusionem originalis peccati, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3206 quia oportebat ut mater Dei maxima puritate niteret. Non enim est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3207 aliquid digne receptaculum Dei, nisi sit mundum; secundum illud
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3208 Psalmi XCII, <i>domum tuam, domine, decet sanctitudo</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3209 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3210 <div class="D">Quaestio 82</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3211 <div class="G">Prooemium</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3212 <p title="I-II q. 82 pr."><a name="37074"><span class="ref">[37074]
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3213 Iª-IIae q. 82 pr.</span></a> Deinde considerandum est de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3214 peccato originali quantum ad suam essentiam. Et circa hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3215 quaeruntur quatuor. Primo, utrum originale peccatum sit habitus.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3216 Secundo, utrum sit unum tantum in uno homine. Tertio, utrum sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3217 concupiscentia. Quarto, utrum sit aequaliter in omnibus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3218 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3219 <div class="E">Articulus 1</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3220 <p title="I-II q. 82 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="37075"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3221 "ref">[37075] Iª-IIae q. 82 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3222 sic proceditur. Videtur quod originale peccatum non sit habitus.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3223 Originale enim peccatum est carentia originalis iustitiae, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3224 Anselmus dicit, in libro de concepto virginali, et sic originale
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3225 peccatum est quaedam privatio. Sed privatio opponitur habitui. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3226 originale peccatum non est habitus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3227 <p title="I-II q. 82 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="37076"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3228 "ref">[37076] Iª-IIae q. 82 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3229 actuale peccatum habet plus de ratione culpae quam originale,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3230 inquantum habet plus de ratione voluntarii. Sed habitus actualis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3231 peccati non habet rationem culpae, alioquin sequeretur quod homo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3232 dormiens culpabiliter, peccaret. Ergo nullus habitus originalis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3233 habet rationem culpae.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3234 <p title="I-II q. 82 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="37077"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3235 "ref">[37077] Iª-IIae q. 82 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3236 in malis actus semper praecedit habitum, nullus enim habitus malus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3237 est infusus, sed acquisitus. Sed originale peccatum non praecedit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3238 aliquis actus. Ergo originale peccatum non est habitus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3239 <p title="I-II q. 82 a. 1 s. c."><a name="37078"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3240 "ref">[37078] Iª-IIae q. 82 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3241 est quod Augustinus dicit, in libro de Baptismo puerorum, quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3242 secundum peccatum originale parvuli sunt concupiscibiles, etsi non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3243 sint actu concupiscentes. Sed habilitas dicitur secundum aliquem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3244 habitum. Ergo peccatum originale est habitus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3245 <p title="I-II q. 82 a. 1 co."><a name="37079"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3246 "ref">[37079] Iª-IIae q. 82 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3247 dicendum quod, sicut supra dictum est, duplex est habitus. Unus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3248 quidem quo inclinatur potentia ad agendum, sicut scientiae et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3249 virtutes habitus dicuntur. Et hoc modo peccatum originale non est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3250 habitus. Alio modo dicitur habitus dispositio alicuius naturae ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3251 multis compositae, secundum quam bene se habet vel male ad aliquid,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3252 et praecipue cum talis dispositio versa fuerit quasi in naturam, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3253 patet de aegritudine et sanitate. Et hoc modo peccatum originale
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3254 est habitus. Est enim quaedam inordinata dispositio proveniens ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3255 dissolutione illius harmoniae in qua consistebat ratio originalis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3256 iustitiae, sicut etiam aegritudo corporalis est quaedam inordinata
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3257 dispositio corporis, secundum quam solvitur aequalitas in qua
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3258 consistit ratio sanitatis. Unde peccatum originale languor naturae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3259 dicitur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3260 <p title="I-II q. 82 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="37080"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3261 "ref">[37080] Iª-IIae q. 82 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3262 ergo dicendum quod, sicut aegritudo corporalis habet aliquid de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3263 privatione, inquantum tollitur aequalitas sanitatis; et aliquid
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3264 habet positive, scilicet ipsos humores inordinate dispositos, ita
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3265 etiam peccatum originale habet privationem originalis iustitiae, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3266 cum hoc inordinatam dispositionem partium animae. Unde non est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3267 privatio pura, sed est quidam habitus corruptus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3268 <p title="I-II q. 82 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="37081"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3269 "ref">[37081] Iª-IIae q. 82 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3270 dicendum quod actuale peccatum est inordinatio quaedam actus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3271 originale vero, cum sit peccatum naturae, est quaedam inordinata
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3272 dispositio ipsius naturae, quae habet rationem culpae inquantum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3273 derivatur ex primo parente, ut dictum est. Huiusmodi autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3274 dispositio naturae inordinata habet rationem habitus, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3275 inordinata dispositio actus non habet rationem habitus. Et propter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3276 hoc, peccatum originale potest esse habitus, non autem peccatum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3277 actuale.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3278 <p title="I-II q. 82 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="37082"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3279 "ref">[37082] Iª-IIae q. 82 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3280 dicendum quod obiectio illa procedit de habitu quo potentia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3281 inclinatur in actum, talis autem habitus non est peccatum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3282 originale. Quamvis etiam ex peccato originali sequatur aliqua
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3283 inclinatio in actum inordinatum, non directe, sed indirecte,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3284 scilicet per remotionem prohibentis, idest originalis iustitiae,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3285 quae prohibebat inordinatos motus, sicut etiam ex aegritudine
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3286 corporali indirecte sequitur inclinatio ad motus corporales
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3287 inordinatos. Nec debet dici quod peccatum originale sit habitus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3288 infusus; aut acquisitus per actum nisi primi parentis, non autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3289 huius personae; sed per vitiatam originem innatus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3290 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3291 <div class="E">Articulus 2</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3292 <p title="I-II q. 82 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="37083"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3293 "ref">[37083] Iª-IIae q. 82 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3294 sic proceditur. Videtur quod in uno homine sint multa originalia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3295 peccata. Dicitur enim in Psalmo l, <i>ecce enim in iniquitatibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3296 conceptus sum, et in peccatis concepit me mater mea</i>. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3297 peccatum in quo homo concipitur, est originale. Ergo plura peccata
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3298 originalia sunt in uno homine.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3299 <p title="I-II q. 82 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="37084"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3300 "ref">[37084] Iª-IIae q. 82 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3301 unus et idem habitus non inclinat ad contraria, habitus enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3302 inclinat per modum naturae, quae tendit in unum. Sed peccatum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3303 originale, etiam in uno homine, inclinat ad diversa peccata et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3304 contraria. Ergo peccatum originale non est unus habitus, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3305 plures.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3306 <p title="I-II q. 82 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="37085"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3307 "ref">[37085] Iª-IIae q. 82 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3308 peccatum originale inficit omnes animae partes. Sed diversae partes
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3309 animae sunt diversa subiecta peccati, ut ex praemissis patet. Cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3310 igitur unum peccatum non possit esse in diversis subiectis, videtur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3311 quod peccatum originale non sit unum, sed multa.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3312 <p title="I-II q. 82 a. 2 s. c."><a name="37086"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3313 "ref">[37086] Iª-IIae q. 82 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3314 est quod dicitur Ioan. I, <i>ecce agnus Dei, ecce qui tollit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3315 peccatum mundi</i>. Quod singulariter dicitur, quia peccatum mundi,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3316 quod est peccatum originale, est unum; ut Glossa ibidem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3317 exponit.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3318 <p title="I-II q. 82 a. 2 co."><a name="37087"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3319 "ref">[37087] Iª-IIae q. 82 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3320 dicendum quod in uno homine est unum peccatum originale. Cuius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3321 ratio dupliciter accipi potest. Uno modo, ex parte causae peccati
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3322 originalis. Dictum est enim supra quod solum primum peccatum primi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3323 parentis in posteros traducitur. Unde peccatum originale in uno
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3324 homine est unum numero; et in omnibus hominibus est unum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3325 proportione, in respectu scilicet ad primum principium. Alio modo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3326 potest accipi ratio eius ex ipsa essentia originalis peccati. In
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3327 omni enim inordinata dispositione unitas speciei consideratur ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3328 parte causae; unitas autem secundum numerum, ex parte subiecti.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3329 Sicut patet in aegritudine corporali, sunt enim diversae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3330 aegritudines specie quae ex diversis causis procedunt, puta ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3331 superabundantia calidi vel frigidi, vel ex laesione pulmonis vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3332 hepatis; una autem aegritudo secundum speciem, in uno homine non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3333 est nisi una numero. Causa autem huius corruptae dispositionis quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3334 dicitur originale peccatum, est una tantum, scilicet privatio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3335 originalis iustitiae, per quam sublata est subiectio humanae mentis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3336 ad Deum. Et ideo peccatum originale est unum specie. Et in uno
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3337 homine non potest esse nisi unum numero, in diversis autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3338 hominibus est unum specie et proportione, diversum autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3339 numero.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3340 <p title="I-II q. 82 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="37088"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3341 "ref">[37088] Iª-IIae q. 82 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3342 ergo dicendum quod pluraliter dicitur in peccatis, secundum illum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3343 morem divinae Scripturae quo frequenter ponitur pluralis numerus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3344 pro singulari, sicut Matth. II, <i>defuncti sunt qui quaerebant
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3345 animam pueri</i>. Vel quia in peccato originali virtualiter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3346 praeexistunt omnia peccata actualia, sicut in quodam principio,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3347 unde est multiplex virtute. Vel quia in peccato primi parentis quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3348 per originem traducitur, fuerunt plures deformitates, scilicet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3349 superbiae, inobedientiae, gulae, et alia huiusmodi. Vel quia multae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3350 partes animae inficiuntur per peccatum originale.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3351 <p title="I-II q. 82 a. 2 ad 2"><a name="37089"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3352 "ref">[37089] Iª-IIae q. 82 a. 2 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3353 dicendum quod unus habitus non potest inclinare per se et directe,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3354 idest per propriam formam, ad contraria. Sed indirecte et per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3355 accidens, scilicet per remotionem prohibentis, nihil prohibet,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3356 sicut, soluta harmonia corporis mixti, elementa tendunt in loca
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3357 contraria. Et similiter, soluta harmonia originalis iustitiae,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3358 diversae animae potentiae in diversa feruntur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3359 <p title="I-II q. 82 a. 2 ad 3"><a name="37090"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3360 "ref">[37090] Iª-IIae q. 82 a. 2 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3361 dicendum quod peccatum originale inficit diversas partes animae,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3362 secundum quod sunt partes unius totius, sicut et iustitia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3363 originalis continebat omnes animae partes in unum. Et ideo est unum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3364 tantum peccatum originale. Sicut etiam est una febris in uno
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3365 homine, quamvis diversae partes corporis graventur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3366 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3367 <div class="E">Articulus 3</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3368 <p title="I-II q. 82 a. 3 arg. 1"><a name="37091"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3369 "ref">[37091] Iª-IIae q. 82 a. 3 arg. 1</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3370 sic proceditur. Videtur quod peccatum originale non sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3371 concupiscentia. Omne enim peccatum est contra naturam, ut dicit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3372 Damascenus, in II libro. Sed concupiscentia est secundum naturam,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3373 est enim proprius actus virtutis concupiscibilis, quae est potentia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3374 naturalis. Ergo concupiscentia non est peccatum originale.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3375 <p title="I-II q. 82 a. 3 arg. 2"><a name="37092"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3376 "ref">[37092] Iª-IIae q. 82 a. 3 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3377 per peccatum originale sunt in nobis passiones peccatorum; ut patet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3378 per apostolum, Rom. VII. Sed multae aliae sunt passiones praeter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3379 concupiscentiam, ut supra habitum est. Ergo peccatum originale non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3380 magis est concupiscentia quam aliqua alia passio.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3381 <p title="I-II q. 82 a. 3 arg. 3"><a name="37093"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3382 "ref">[37093] Iª-IIae q. 82 a. 3 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3383 per peccatum originale deordinantur omnes animae partes, ut dictum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3384 est. Sed intellectus est suprema inter animae partes; ut patet per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3385 philosophum, in X Ethic. Ergo peccatum originale magis est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3386 ignorantia quam concupiscentia.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3387 <p title="I-II q. 82 a. 3 s. c."><a name="37094"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3388 "ref">[37094] Iª-IIae q. 82 a. 3 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3389 est quod Augustinus dicit, in libro Retract., <i>concupiscentia est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3390 reatus originalis peccati</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3391 <p title="I-II q. 82 a. 3 co."><a name="37095"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3392 "ref">[37095] Iª-IIae q. 82 a. 3 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3393 dicendum quod unumquodque habet speciem a sua forma. Dictum est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3394 autem supra quod species peccati originalis sumitur ex sua causa.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3395 Unde oportet quod id quod est formale in originali peccato,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3396 accipiatur ex parte causae peccati originalis. Oppositorum autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3397 oppositae sunt causae. Est igitur attendenda causa originalis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3398 peccati ex causa originalis iustitiae, quae ei opponitur. Tota
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3399 autem ordinatio originalis iustitiae ex hoc est, quod voluntas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3400 hominis erat Deo subiecta. Quae quidem subiectio primo et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3401 principaliter erat per voluntatem, cuius est movere omnes alias
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3402 partes in finem, ut supra dictum est. Unde ex aversione voluntatis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3403 a Deo, consecuta est inordinatio in omnibus aliis animae viribus.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3404 Sic ergo privatio originalis iustitiae, per quam voluntas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3405 subdebatur Deo, est formale in peccato originali, omnis autem alia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3406 inordinatio virium animae se habet in peccato originali sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3407 quiddam materiale. Inordinatio autem aliarum virium animae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3408 praecipue in hoc attenditur, quod inordinate convertuntur ad bonum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3409 commutabile, quae quidem inordinatio communi nomine potest dici
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3410 concupiscentia. Et ita peccatum originale materialiter quidem est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3411 concupiscentia; formaliter vero, defectus originalis iustitiae.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3412 <p title="I-II q. 82 a. 3 ad 1"><a name="37096"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3413 "ref">[37096] Iª-IIae q. 82 a. 3 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3414 ergo dicendum quod, quia in homine concupiscibilis naturaliter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3415 regitur ratione, intantum concupiscere est homini naturale,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3416 inquantum est secundum rationis ordinem, concupiscentia autem quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3417 transcendit limites rationis, est homini contra naturam. Et talis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3418 est concupiscentia originalis peccati.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3419 <p title="I-II q. 82 a. 3 ad 2"><a name="37097"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3420 "ref">[37097] Iª-IIae q. 82 a. 3 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3421 dicendum quod, sicut supra dictum est, omnes passiones irascibilis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3422 ad passiones concupiscibilis reducuntur, sicut ad principaliores.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3423 Inter quas concupiscentia vehementius movet, et magis sentitur, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3424 supra habitum est. Et ideo concupiscentiae attribuitur, tanquam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3425 principaliori, et in qua quodammodo omnes aliae passiones
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3426 includuntur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3427 <p title="I-II q. 82 a. 3 ad 3"><a name="37098"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3428 "ref">[37098] Iª-IIae q. 82 a. 3 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3429 dicendum quod, sicut in bonis intellectus et ratio principalitatem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3430 habent, ita e converso in malis inferior pars animae principalior
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3431 invenitur, quae obnubilat et trahit rationem, ut supra dictum est.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3432 Et propter hoc peccatum originale magis dicitur esse concupiscentia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3433 quam ignorantia, licet etiam ignorantia inter defectus materiales
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3434 peccati originalis contineatur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3435 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3436 <div class="E">Articulus 4</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3437 <p title="I-II q. 82 a. 4 arg. 1"><a name="37099"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3438 "ref">[37099] Iª-IIae q. 82 a. 4 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quartum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3439 sic proceditur. Videtur quod peccatum originale non sit aequaliter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3440 in omnibus. Est enim peccatum originale concupiscentia inordinata,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3441 ut dictum est. Sed non omnes aequaliter sunt proni ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3442 concupiscendum. Ergo peccatum originale non est aequaliter in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3443 omnibus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3444 <p title="I-II q. 82 a. 4 arg. 2"><a name="37100"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3445 "ref">[37100] Iª-IIae q. 82 a. 4 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3446 peccatum originale est quaedam inordinata dispositio animae, sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3447 aegritudo est quaedam inordinata dispositio corporis. Sed aegritudo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3448 recipit magis et minus. Ergo peccatum originale recipit magis et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3449 minus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3450 <p title="I-II q. 82 a. 4 arg. 3"><a name="37101"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3451 "ref">[37101] Iª-IIae q. 82 a. 4 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3452 Augustinus dicit, in libro de Nupt. et Concupisc., quod <i>libido
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3453 transmittit originale peccatum in prolem</i>. Sed contingit esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3454 maiorem libidinem unius in actu generationis, quam alterius. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3455 peccatum originale potest esse maius in uno quam in alio.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3456 <p title="I-II q. 82 a. 4 s. c."><a name="37102"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3457 "ref">[37102] Iª-IIae q. 82 a. 4 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3458 est quia peccatum originale est peccatum naturae, ut dictum est.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3459 Sed natura aequaliter est in omnibus. Ergo et peccatum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3460 originale.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3461 <p title="I-II q. 82 a. 4 co."><a name="37103"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3462 "ref">[37103] Iª-IIae q. 82 a. 4 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3463 dicendum quod in originali peccato sunt duo, quorum unum est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3464 defectus originalis iustitiae; aliud autem est relatio huius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3465 defectus ad peccatum primi parentis, a quo per vitiatam originem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3466 deducitur. Quantum autem ad primum, peccatum originale non recipit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3467 magis et minus, quia totum donum originalis iustitiae est sublatum;
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3468 privationes autem totaliter aliquid privantes, ut mors et tenebrae,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3469 non recipiunt magis et minus, sicut supra dictum est. Similiter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3470 etiam nec quantum ad secundum, aequaliter enim omnes relationem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3471 habent ad primum principium vitiatae originis, ex quo peccatum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3472 originale recipit rationem culpae; relationes enim non recipiunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3473 magis et minus. Unde manifestum est quod peccatum originale non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3474 potest esse magis in uno quam in alio.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3475 <p title="I-II q. 82 a. 4 ad 1"><a name="37104"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3476 "ref">[37104] Iª-IIae q. 82 a. 4 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3477 ergo dicendum quod, soluto vinculo originalis iustitiae, sub quo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3478 quodam ordine omnes vires animae continebantur, unaquaeque vis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3479 animae tendit in suum proprium motum; et tanto vehementius, quanto
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3480 fuerit fortior. Contingit autem vires aliquas animae esse fortiores
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3481 in uno quam in alio, propter diversas corporis complexiones. Quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3482 ergo unus homo sit pronior ad concupiscendum quam alter, non est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3483 ratione peccati originalis, cum in omnibus aequaliter solvatur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3484 vinculum originalis iustitiae, et aequaliter in omnibus partes
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3485 inferiores animae sibi relinquantur, sed accidit hoc ex diversa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3486 dispositione potentiarum, sicut dictum est.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3487 <p title="I-II q. 82 a. 4 ad 2"><a name="37105"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3488 "ref">[37105] Iª-IIae q. 82 a. 4 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3489 dicendum quod aegritudo corporalis non habet in omnibus aequalem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3490 causam, etiam si sit eiusdem speciei, puta, si sit febris ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3491 cholera putrefacta, potest esse maior vel minor putrefactio, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3492 propinquior vel remotior a principio vitae. Sed causa originalis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3493 peccati in omnibus est aequalis. Unde non est simile.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3494 <p title="I-II q. 82 a. 4 ad 3"><a name="37106"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3495 "ref">[37106] Iª-IIae q. 82 a. 4 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3496 dicendum quod libido quae transmittit peccatum originale in prolem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3497 non est libido actualis, quia dato quod virtute divina concederetur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3498 alicui quod nullam inordinatam libidinem in actu generationis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3499 sentiret, adhuc transmitteret in prolem originale peccatum. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3500 libido illa est intelligenda habitualiter, secundum quod appetitus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3501 sensitivus non continetur sub ratione vinculo originalis iustitiae.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3502 Et talis libido in omnibus est aequalis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3503 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3504 <div class="D">Quaestio 83</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3505 <div class="G">Prooemium</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3506 <p title="I-II q. 83 pr."><a name="37107"><span class="ref">[37107]
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3507 Iª-IIae q. 83 pr.</span></a> Deinde considerandum est de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3508 subiecto originalis peccati. Et circa hoc quaeruntur quatuor.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3509 Primo, utrum subiectum originalis peccati per prius sit caro vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3510 anima. Secundo, si anima, utrum per essentiam aut per potentias
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3511 suas. Tertio, utrum voluntas per prius sit subiectum peccati
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3512 originalis quam aliae potentiae. Quarto, utrum aliquae potentiae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3513 animae sint specialiter infectae, scilicet generativa, vis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3514 concupiscibilis et sensus tactus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3515 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3516 <div class="E">Articulus 1</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3517 <p title="I-II q. 83 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="37108"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3518 "ref">[37108] Iª-IIae q. 83 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3519 sic proceditur. Videtur quod peccatum originale magis sit in carne
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3520 quam in anima. Repugnantia enim carnis ad mentem ex corruptione
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3521 originalis peccati procedit. Sed radix huius repugnantiae in carne
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3522 consistit, dicit enim apostolus ad Rom. VII, <i>video aliam legem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3523 in membris meis, repugnantem legi mentis meae</i>. Ergo originale
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3524 peccatum in carne principaliter consistit.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3525 <p title="I-II q. 83 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="37109"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3526 "ref">[37109] Iª-IIae q. 83 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3527 unumquodque potius est in causa quam in effectu, sicut calor magis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3528 est in igne calefaciente quam in aqua calefacta. Sed anima
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3529 inficitur infectione originalis peccati per semen carnale. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3530 peccatum originale magis est in carne quam in anima.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3531 <p title="I-II q. 83 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="37110"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3532 "ref">[37110] Iª-IIae q. 83 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3533 peccatum originale ex primo parente contrahimus, prout in eo fuimus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3534 secundum rationem seminalem. Sic autem non fuit ibi anima, sed sola
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3535 caro. Ergo originale peccatum non est in anima, sed in carne.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3536 <p title="I-II q. 83 a. 1 arg. 4"><a name="37111"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3537 "ref">[37111] Iª-IIae q. 83 a. 1 arg. 4</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3538 anima rationalis creata a Deo corpori infunditur. Si igitur anima
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3539 per peccatum originale inficeretur, consequens esset quod ex sua
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3540 creatione vel infusione inquinaretur. Et sic Deus esset causa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3541 peccati, qui est auctor creationis et infusionis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3542 <p title="I-II q. 83 a. 1 arg. 5"><a name="37112"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3543 "ref">[37112] Iª-IIae q. 83 a. 1 arg. 5</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3544 nullus sapiens liquorem pretiosum vasi infunderet ex quo sciret
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3545 ipsum liquorem infici. Sed anima rationalis est pretiosior omni
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3546 liquore. Si ergo anima ex corporis unione infici posset infectione
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3547 originalis culpae, Deus, qui ipsa sapientia est, nunquam animam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3548 tali corpori infunderet. Infundit autem. Non ergo inquinatur ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3549 carne. Sic igitur peccatum originale non est in anima, sed in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3550 carne.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3551 <p title="I-II q. 83 a. 1 s. c."><a name="37113"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3552 "ref">[37113] Iª-IIae q. 83 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3553 est quod idem est subiectum virtutis et vitii sive peccati, quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3554 contrariatur virtuti. Sed caro non potest esse subiectum virtutis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3555 dicit enim apostolus, ad Rom. VII, <i>scio quod non habitat in me,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3556 hoc est in carne mea, bonum</i>. Ergo caro non potest esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3557 subiectum originalis peccati, sed solum anima.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3558 <p title="I-II q. 83 a. 1 co."><a name="37114"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3559 "ref">[37114] Iª-IIae q. 83 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3560 dicendum quod aliquid potest esse in aliquo dupliciter, uno modo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3561 sicut in causa, vel principali vel instrumentali; alio modo, sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3562 in subiecto. Peccatum ergo originale omnium hominum fuit quidem in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3563 ipso Adam sicut in prima causa principali; secundum illud apostoli,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3564 Rom. V, <i>in quo omnes peccaverunt</i>. In semine autem corporali
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3565 est peccatum originale sicut in causa instrumentali, eo quod per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3566 virtutem activam seminis traducitur peccatum originale in prolem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3567 simul cum natura humana. Sed sicut in subiecto, peccatum originale
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3568 nullo modo potest esse in carne, sed solum in anima. Cuius ratio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3569 est quia, sicut supra dictum est, hoc modo ex voluntate primi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3570 parentis peccatum originale traducitur in posteros per quandam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3571 generativam motionem, sicut a voluntate alicuius hominis derivatur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3572 peccatum actuale ad alias partes eius. In qua quidem derivatione
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3573 hoc potest attendi, quod quidquid provenit ex motione voluntatis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3574 peccati ad quamcumque partem hominis quae quocumque modo potest
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3575 esse particeps peccati, vel per modum subiecti vel per modum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3576 instrumenti, habet rationem culpae, sicut ex voluntate gulae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3577 provenit concupiscentia cibi ad concupiscibilem, et sumptio cibi ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3578 manus et os, quae inquantum moventur a voluntate ad peccatum, sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3579 instrumenta peccati. Quod vero ulterius derivatur ad vim nutritivam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3580 et ad interiora membra, quae non sunt nata moveri a voluntate, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3581 habet rationem culpae. Sic igitur, cum anima possit esse subiectum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3582 culpae, caro autem de se non habeat quod sit subiectum culpae;
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3583 quidquid provenit de corruptione primi peccati ad animam, habet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3584 rationem culpae; quod autem provenit ad carnem, non habet rationem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3585 culpae, sed poenae. Sic igitur anima est subiectum peccati
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3586 originalis, non autem caro.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3587 <p title="I-II q. 83 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="37115"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3588 "ref">[37115] Iª-IIae q. 83 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3589 ergo dicendum quod, sicut Augustinus dicit in libro Retract.,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3590 apostolus loquitur ibi de homine iam redempto, qui liberatus est a
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3591 culpa, sed subiacet poenae, ratione cuius peccatum dicitur habitare
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3592 in carne. Unde ex hoc non sequitur quod caro sit subiectum culpae,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3593 sed solum poenae.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3594 <p title="I-II q. 83 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="37116"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3595 "ref">[37116] Iª-IIae q. 83 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3596 dicendum quod peccatum originale causatur ex semine sicut ex causa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3597 instrumentali. Non autem oportet quod aliquid sit principalius in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3598 causa instrumentali quam in effectu, sed solum in causa principali.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3599 Et hoc modo peccatum originale potiori modo fuit in Adam, in quo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3600 fuit secundum rationem actualis peccati.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3601 <p title="I-II q. 83 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="37117"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3602 "ref">[37117] Iª-IIae q. 83 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3603 dicendum quod anima huius hominis non fuit secundum seminalem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3604 rationem in Adam peccante sicut in principio effectivo, sed sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3605 in principio dispositivo, eo quod semen corporale, quod ex Adam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3606 traducitur, sua virtute non efficit animam rationalem, sed ad eam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3607 disponit.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3608 <p title="I-II q. 83 a. 1 ad 4"><a name="37118"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3609 "ref">[37118] Iª-IIae q. 83 a. 1 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3610 dicendum quod infectio originalis peccati nullo modo causatur a
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3611 Deo, sed ex solo peccato primi parentis per carnalem generationem.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3612 Et ideo, cum creatio importet respectum animae ad solum Deum, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3613 potest dici quod anima ex sua creatione inquinetur. Sed infusio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3614 importat respectum et ad Deum infundentem, et ad carnem cui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3615 infunditur anima. Et ideo, habito respectu ad Deum infundentem, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3616 potest dici quod anima per infusionem maculetur; sed solum habito
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3617 respectu ad corpus cui infunditur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3618 <p title="I-II q. 83 a. 1 ad 5"><a name="37119"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3619 "ref">[37119] Iª-IIae q. 83 a. 1 ad 5</span></a> Ad quintum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3620 dicendum quod bonum commune praefertur bono singulari. Unde Deus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3621 secundum suam sapientiam, non praetermittit universalem ordinem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3622 rerum, qui est ut tali corpori talis anima infundatur, ut vitetur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3623 singularis infectio huius animae, praesertim cum natura animae hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3624 habeat, ut esse non incipiat nisi in corpore, ut in primo habitum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3625 est. Melius est autem ei sic esse secundum naturam, quam nullo modo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3626 esse, praesertim cum possit per gratiam damnationem evadere.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3627 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3628 <div class="E">Articulus 2</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3629 <p title="I-II q. 83 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="37120"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3630 "ref">[37120] Iª-IIae q. 83 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3631 sic proceditur. Videtur quod peccatum originale non sit per prius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3632 in essentia animae quam in potentiis. Anima enim nata est esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3633 subiectum peccati, quantum ad id quod potest a voluntate moveri.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3634 Sed anima non movetur a voluntate secundum suam essentiam, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3635 solum secundum potentias. Ergo peccatum originale non est in anima
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3636 secundum suam essentiam, sed solum secundum potentias.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3637 <p title="I-II q. 83 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="37121"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3638 "ref">[37121] Iª-IIae q. 83 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3639 peccatum originale opponitur originali iustitiae. Sed originalis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3640 iustitia erat in aliqua potentia animae, quae est subiectum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3641 virtutis. Ergo et peccatum originale est magis in potentia animae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3642 quam in eius essentia.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3643 <p title="I-II q. 83 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="37122"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3644 "ref">[37122] Iª-IIae q. 83 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3645 sicut a carne peccatum originale derivatur ad animam, ita ab
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3646 essentia animae derivatur ad potentias. Sed peccatum originale
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3647 magis est in anima quam in carne. Ergo etiam magis est in potentiis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3648 animae quam in essentia.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3649 <p title="I-II q. 83 a. 2 arg. 4"><a name="37123"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3650 "ref">[37123] Iª-IIae q. 83 a. 2 arg. 4</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3651 peccatum originale dicitur esse concupiscentia, ut dictum est. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3652 concupiscentia est in potentiis animae. Ergo et peccatum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3653 originale.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3654 <p title="I-II q. 83 a. 2 s. c."><a name="37124"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3655 "ref">[37124] Iª-IIae q. 83 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3656 est quod peccatum originale dicitur esse peccatum naturale, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3657 supra dictum est. Anima autem est forma et natura corporis secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3658 essentiam suam, et non secundum potentias, ut in primo habitum est.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3659 Ergo anima est subiectum originalis peccati principaliter secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3660 suam essentiam.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3661 <p title="I-II q. 83 a. 2 co."><a name="37125"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3662 "ref">[37125] Iª-IIae q. 83 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3663 dicendum quod illud animae est principaliter subiectum alicuius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3664 peccati, ad quod primo pertinet causa motiva illius peccati, sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3665 si causa motiva ad peccandum sit delectatio sensus, quae pertinet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3666 ad vim concupiscibilem sicut obiectum proprium eius, sequitur quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3667 vis concupiscibilis sit proprium subiectum illius peccati.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3668 Manifestum est autem quod peccatum originale causatur per originem.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3669 Unde illud animae quod primo attingitur ab origine hominis, est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3670 primum subiectum originalis peccati. Attingit autem origo animam ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3671 terminum generationis, secundum quod est forma corporis; quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3672 quidem convenit ei secundum essentiam propriam, ut in primo habitum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3673 est. Unde anima secundum essentiam est primum subiectum originalis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3674 peccati.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3675 <p title="I-II q. 83 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="37126"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3676 "ref">[37126] Iª-IIae q. 83 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3677 ergo dicendum quod, sicut motio voluntatis alicuius propriae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3678 pervenit ad potentias animae, non autem ad animae essentiam; ita
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3679 motio voluntatis primi generantis, per viam generationis, pervenit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3680 primo ad animae essentiam, ut dictum est.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3681 <p title="I-II q. 83 a. 2 ad 2"><a name="37127"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3682 "ref">[37127] Iª-IIae q. 83 a. 2 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3683 dicendum quod etiam originalis iustitia pertinebat primordialiter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3684 ad essentiam animae, erat enim donum divinitus datum humanae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3685 naturae, quam per prius respicit essentia animae quam potentiae.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3686 Potentiae enim magis videntur pertinere ad personam, inquantum sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3687 principia personalium actuum. Unde sunt propria subiecta peccatorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3688 actualium, quae sunt peccata personalia.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3689 <p title="I-II q. 83 a. 2 ad 3"><a name="37128"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3690 "ref">[37128] Iª-IIae q. 83 a. 2 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3691 dicendum quod corpus comparatur ad animam sicut materia ad formam,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3692 quae etsi sit posterior ordine generationis, est tamen prior ordine
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3693 perfectionis et naturae. Essentia autem animae comparatur ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3694 potentias sicut subiecta ad accidentia propria, quae sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3695 posteriora subiecto et ordine generationis et etiam perfectionis.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3696 Unde non est similis ratio.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3697 <p title="I-II q. 83 a. 2 ad 4"><a name="37129"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3698 "ref">[37129] Iª-IIae q. 83 a. 2 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3699 dicendum quod concupiscentia se habet materialiter et ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3700 consequenti in peccato originali, ut supra dictum est.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3701 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3702 <div class="E">Articulus 3</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3703 <p title="I-II q. 83 a. 3 arg. 1"><a name="37130"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3704 "ref">[37130] Iª-IIae q. 83 a. 3 arg. 1</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3705 sic proceditur. Videtur quod peccatum originale non per prius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3706 inficiat voluntatem quam alias potentias. Omne enim peccatum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3707 principaliter pertinet ad potentiam per cuius actum causatur. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3708 peccatum originale causatur per actum generativae potentiae. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3709 inter ceteras potentias animae, videtur magis pertinere ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3710 generativam potentiam.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3711 <p title="I-II q. 83 a. 3 arg. 2"><a name="37131"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3712 "ref">[37131] Iª-IIae q. 83 a. 3 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3713 peccatum originale per semen carnale traducitur. Sed aliae vires
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3714 animae propinquiores sunt carni quam voluntas, sicut patet de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3715 omnibus sensitivis, quae utuntur organo corporali. Ergo in eis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3716 magis est peccatum originale quam in voluntate.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3717 <p title="I-II q. 83 a. 3 arg. 3"><a name="37132"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3718 "ref">[37132] Iª-IIae q. 83 a. 3 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3719 intellectus est prior voluntate, non enim est voluntas nisi de bono
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3720 intellecto. Si ergo peccatum originale inficit omnes potentias
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3721 animae, videtur quod per prius inficiat intellectum, tanquam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3722 priorem.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3723 <p title="I-II q. 83 a. 3 s. c."><a name="37133"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3724 "ref">[37133] Iª-IIae q. 83 a. 3 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3725 est quod iustitia originalis per prius respicit voluntatem, est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3726 enim rectitudo voluntatis, ut Anselmus dicit, in libro de conceptu
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3727 virginali. Ergo et peccatum originale, quod ei opponitur, per prius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3728 respicit voluntatem.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3729 <p title="I-II q. 83 a. 3 co."><a name="37134"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3730 "ref">[37134] Iª-IIae q. 83 a. 3 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3731 dicendum quod in infectione peccati originalis duo est considerare.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3732 Primo quidem, inhaerentiam eius ad subiectum, et secundum hoc primo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3733 respicit essentiam animae, ut dictum est. Deinde oportet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3734 considerare inclinationem eius ad actum, et hoc modo respicit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3735 potentias animae. Oportet ergo quod illam per prius respiciat, quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3736 primam inclinationem habet ad peccandum. Haec autem est voluntas,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3737 ut ex supradictis patet. Unde peccatum originale per prius respicit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3738 voluntatem.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3739 <p title="I-II q. 83 a. 3 ad 1"><a name="37135"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3740 "ref">[37135] Iª-IIae q. 83 a. 3 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3741 ergo dicendum quod peccatum originale non causatur in homine per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3742 potentiam generativam prolis, sed per actum potentiae generativae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3743 parentis. Unde non oportet quod sua potentia generativa sit primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3744 subiectum originalis peccati.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3745 <p title="I-II q. 83 a. 3 ad 2"><a name="37136"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3746 "ref">[37136] Iª-IIae q. 83 a. 3 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3747 dicendum quod peccatum originale habet duplicem processum, unum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3748 quidem a carne ad animam; alium vero ab essentia animae ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3749 potentias. Primus quidem processus est secundum ordinem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3750 generationis, secundus autem secundum ordinem perfectionis. Et ideo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3751 quamvis aliae potentiae, scilicet sensitivae, propinquiores sint
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3752 carni; quia tamen voluntas est propinquior essentiae animae,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3753 tanquam superior potentia, primo pervenit ad ipsam infectio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3754 originalis peccati.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3755 <p title="I-II q. 83 a. 3 ad 3"><a name="37137"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3756 "ref">[37137] Iª-IIae q. 83 a. 3 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3757 dicendum quod intellectus quodam modo praecedit voluntatem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3758 inquantum proponit ei suum obiectum. Alio vero modo voluntas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3759 praecedit intellectum, secundum ordinem motionis ad actum, quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3760 quidem motio pertinet ad peccatum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3761 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3762 <div class="E">Articulus 4</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3763 <p title="I-II q. 83 a. 4 arg. 1"><a name="37138"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3764 "ref">[37138] Iª-IIae q. 83 a. 4 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quartum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3765 sic proceditur. Videtur quod praedictae potentiae non sint magis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3766 infectae quam aliae. Infectio enim originalis peccati magis videtur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3767 pertinere ad illam animae partem quae prius potest esse subiectum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3768 peccati. Haec autem est rationalis pars, et praecipue voluntas.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3769 Ergo ipsa est magis infecta per peccatum originale.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3770 <p title="I-II q. 83 a. 4 arg. 2"><a name="37139"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3771 "ref">[37139] Iª-IIae q. 83 a. 4 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3772 nulla vis animae inficitur per culpam, nisi inquantum potest
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3773 obedire rationi. Generativa autem non potest obedire, ut dicitur in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3774 I Ethic. Ergo generativa non est maxime infecta per originale
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3775 peccatum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3776 <p title="I-II q. 83 a. 4 arg. 3"><a name="37140"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3777 "ref">[37140] Iª-IIae q. 83 a. 4 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3778 visus inter alios sensus est spiritualior et propinquior rationi,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3779 inquantum plures differentias rerum ostendit, ut dicitur in I
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3780 Metaphys. Sed infectio culpae primo est in ratione. Ergo visus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3781 magis est infectus quam tactus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3782 <p title="I-II q. 83 a. 4 s. c."><a name="37141"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3783 "ref">[37141] Iª-IIae q. 83 a. 4 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3784 est quod Augustinus dicit, in XIV de Civ. Dei, quod infectio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3785 originalis culpae maxime apparet in motu genitalium membrorum, qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3786 rationi non subditur. Sed illa membra deserviunt generativae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3787 virtuti in commixtione sexuum, in qua est delectatio secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3788 tactum, quae maxime concupiscentiam movet. Ergo infectio originalis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3789 peccati maxime pertinet ad ista tria, scilicet potentiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3790 generativam, vim concupiscibilem et sensum tactus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3791 <p title="I-II q. 83 a. 4 co."><a name="37142"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3792 "ref">[37142] Iª-IIae q. 83 a. 4 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3793 dicendum quod illa corruptio praecipue infectio nominari solet,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3794 quae nata est in aliud transferri, unde et morbi contagiosi, sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3795 lepra et scabies et huiusmodi, infectiones dicuntur. Corruptio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3796 autem originalis peccati traducitur per actum generationis, sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3797 supra dictum est. Unde potentiae quae ad huiusmodi actum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3798 concurrunt, maxime dicuntur esse infectae. Huiusmodi autem actus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3799 deservit generativae, inquantum ad generationem ordinatur, habet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3800 autem in se delectationem tactus, quae est maximum obiectum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3801 concupiscibilis. Et ideo, cum omnes partes animae dicantur esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3802 corruptae per peccatum originale, specialiter tres praedictae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3803 dicuntur esse corruptae et infectae.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3804 <p title="I-II q. 83 a. 4 ad 1"><a name="37143"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3805 "ref">[37143] Iª-IIae q. 83 a. 4 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3806 ergo dicendum quod peccatum originale ex ea parte qua inclinat in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3807 peccata actualia, praecipue pertinet ad voluntatem, ut dictum est.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3808 Sed ex ea parte qua traducitur in prolem, pertinet propinque ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3809 potentias praedictas, ad voluntatem autem remote.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3810 <p title="I-II q. 83 a. 4 ad 2"><a name="37144"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3811 "ref">[37144] Iª-IIae q. 83 a. 4 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3812 dicendum quod infectio actualis culpae non pertinet nisi ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3813 potentias quae moventur a voluntate peccantis. Sed infectio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3814 originalis culpae non derivatur a voluntate eius qui ipsam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3815 contrahit, sed per originem naturae, cui deservit potentia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3816 generativa. Et ideo in ea est infectio originalis peccati.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3817 <p title="I-II q. 83 a. 4 ad 3"><a name="37145"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3818 "ref">[37145] Iª-IIae q. 83 a. 4 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3819 dicendum quod visus non pertinet ad actum generationis nisi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3820 secundum dispositionem remotam, prout scilicet per visum apparet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3821 species concupiscibilis. Sed delectatio perficitur in tactu. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3822 ideo talis infectio magis attribuitur tactui quam visui.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3823 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3824 <div class="D">Quaestio 84</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3825 <div class="G">Prooemium</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3826 <p title="I-II q. 84 pr."><a name="37146"><span class="ref">[37146]
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3827 Iª-IIae q. 84 pr.</span></a> Deinde considerandum est de causa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3828 peccati secundum quod unum peccatum est causa alterius. Et circa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3829 hoc quaeruntur quatuor. Primo, utrum cupiditas sit radix omnium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3830 peccatorum. Secundo, utrum superbia sit initium omnis peccati.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3831 Tertio, utrum praeter superbiam et avaritiam, debeant dici
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3832 capitalia vitia aliqua specialia peccata. Quarto, quot et quae sint
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3833 capitalia vitia.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3834 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3835 <div class="E">Articulus 1</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3836 <p title="I-II q. 84 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="37147"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3837 "ref">[37147] Iª-IIae q. 84 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3838 sic proceditur. Videtur quod cupiditas non sit radix omnium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3839 peccatorum. Cupiditas enim, quae est immoderatus appetitus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3840 divitiarum, opponitur virtuti liberalitatis. Sed liberalitas non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3841 est radix omnium virtutum. Ergo cupiditas non est radix omnium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3842 peccatorum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3843 <p title="I-II q. 84 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="37148"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3844 "ref">[37148] Iª-IIae q. 84 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3845 appetitus eorum quae sunt ad finem, procedit ex appetitu finis. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3846 divitiae, quarum appetitus est cupiditas, non appetuntur nisi ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3847 utiles ad aliquem finem, sicut dicitur in I Ethic. Ergo cupiditas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3848 non est radix omnis peccati, sed procedit ex alia priori
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3849 radice.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3850 <p title="I-II q. 84 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="37149"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3851 "ref">[37149] Iª-IIae q. 84 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3852 frequenter invenitur quod avaritia, quae cupiditas nominatur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3853 oritur ex aliis peccatis, puta cum quis appetit pecuniam propter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3854 ambitionem, vel ut satisfaciat gulae. Non ergo est radix omnium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3855 peccatorum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3856 <p title="I-II q. 84 a. 1 s. c."><a name="37150"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3857 "ref">[37150] Iª-IIae q. 84 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3858 est quod dicit apostolus, I ad Tim. ult., <i>radix omnium malorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3859 est cupiditas</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3860 <p title="I-II q. 84 a. 1 co."><a name="37151"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3861 "ref">[37151] Iª-IIae q. 84 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3862 dicendum quod secundum quosdam cupiditas multipliciter dicitur. Uno
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3863 modo, prout est appetitus inordinatus divitiarum. Et sic est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3864 speciale peccatum. Alio modo, secundum quod significat inordinatum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3865 appetitum cuiuscumque boni temporalis. Et sic est genus omnis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3866 peccati, nam in omni peccato est inordinata conversio ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3867 commutabile bonum, ut dictum est. Tertio modo sumitur prout
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3868 significat quandam inclinationem naturae corruptae ad bona
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3869 corruptibilia inordinate appetenda. Et sic dicunt cupiditatem esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3870 radicem omnium peccatorum, ad similitudinem radicis arboris, quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3871 ex terra trahit alimentum, sic enim ex amore rerum temporalium omne
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3872 peccatum procedit. Et haec quidem quamvis vera sint, non tamen
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3873 videntur esse secundum intentionem apostoli, qui dixit cupiditatem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3874 esse radicem omnium peccatorum. Manifeste enim ibi loquitur contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3875 eos qui, <i>cum velint divites fieri, incidunt in tentationes et in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3876 laqueum Diaboli, eo quod radix omnium malorum est cupiditas</i>,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3877 unde manifestum est quod loquitur de cupiditate secundum quod est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3878 appetitus inordinatus divitiarum. Et secundum hoc, dicendum est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3879 quod cupiditas, secundum quod est speciale peccatum, dicitur radix
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3880 omnium peccatorum, ad similitudinem radicis arboris, quae alimentum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3881 praestat toti arbori. Videmus enim quod per divitias homo acquirit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3882 facultatem perpetrandi quodcumque peccatum, et adimplendi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3883 desiderium cuiuscumque peccati, eo quod ad habenda quaecumque
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3884 temporalia bona, potest homo per pecuniam iuvari; secundum quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3885 dicitur Eccle. X, <i>pecuniae obediunt omnia</i>. Et secundum hoc,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3886 patet quod cupiditas divitiarum est radix omnium peccatorum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3887 <p title="I-II q. 84 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="37152"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3888 "ref">[37152] Iª-IIae q. 84 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3889 ergo dicendum quod non ab eodem oritur virtus et peccatum. Oritur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3890 enim peccatum ex appetitu commutabilis boni, et ideo appetitus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3891 illius boni quod iuvat ad consequenda omnia temporalia bona, radix
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3892 peccatorum dicitur. Virtus autem oritur ex appetitu incommutabilis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3893 boni, et ideo caritas, quae est amor Dei, ponitur radix virtutum;
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3894 secundum illud Ephes. III, <i>in caritate radicati et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3895 fundati</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3896 <p title="I-II q. 84 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="37153"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3897 "ref">[37153] Iª-IIae q. 84 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3898 dicendum quod appetitus pecuniarum dicitur esse radix peccatorum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3899 non quia divitiae propter se quaerantur, tanquam ultimus finis, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3900 quia multum quaeruntur ut utiles ad omnem temporalem finem. Et quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3901 universale bonum est appetibilius quam aliquod particulare bonum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3902 ideo magis movent appetitum quam quaedam bona singularia, quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3903 simul cum multis aliis per pecuniam haberi possunt.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3904 <p title="I-II q. 84 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="37154"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3905 "ref">[37154] Iª-IIae q. 84 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3906 dicendum quod, sicut in rebus naturalibus non quaeritur quid semper
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3907 fiat, sed quid in pluribus accidit, eo quod natura corruptibilium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3908 rerum impediri potest, ut non semper eodem modo operetur; ita etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3909 in moralibus consideratur quod ut in pluribus est, non autem quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3910 est semper, eo quod voluntas non ex necessitate operatur. Non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3911 igitur dicitur avaritia radix omnis mali, quin interdum aliquod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3912 aliud malum sit radix eius, sed quia ex ipsa frequentius alia mala
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3913 oriuntur, ratione praedicta.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3914 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3915 <div class="E">Articulus 2</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3916 <p title="I-II q. 84 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="37155"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3917 "ref">[37155] Iª-IIae q. 84 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3918 sic proceditur. Videtur quod superbia non sit initium omnis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3919 peccati. Radix enim est quoddam principium arboris, et ita videtur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3920 idem esse radix peccati et initium peccati. Sed cupiditas est radix
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3921 omnis peccati, ut dictum est. Ergo ipsa etiam est initium omnis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3922 peccati, non autem superbia.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3923 <p title="I-II q. 84 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="37156"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3924 "ref">[37156] Iª-IIae q. 84 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3925 Eccli. X dicitur, <i>initium superbiae hominis apostatare a
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3926 Deo</i>. Sed apostasia a Deo est quoddam peccatum. Ergo aliquod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3927 peccatum est initium superbiae, et ipsa non est initium omnis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3928 peccati.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3929 <p title="I-II q. 84 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="37157"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3930 "ref">[37157] Iª-IIae q. 84 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3931 illud videtur esse initium omnis peccati, quod facit omnia peccata.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3932 Sed hoc est inordinatus amor sui, qui facit civitatem Babylonis, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3933 Augustinus dicit, in XIV de Civ. Dei. Ergo amor sui est initium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3934 omnis peccati, non autem superbia.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3935 <p title="I-II q. 84 a. 2 s. c."><a name="37158"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3936 "ref">[37158] Iª-IIae q. 84 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3937 est quod dicitur Eccli. X, <i>initium omnis peccati
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3938 superbia</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3939 <p title="I-II q. 84 a. 2 co."><a name="37159"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3940 "ref">[37159] Iª-IIae q. 84 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3941 dicendum quod quidam dicunt superbiam dici tripliciter. Uno modo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3942 secundum quod superbia significat inordinatum appetitum propriae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3943 excellentiae. Et sic est speciale peccatum. Alio modo, secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3944 quod importat quendam actualem contemptum Dei, quantum ad hunc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3945 effectum qui est non subdi eius praecepto. Et sic dicunt quod est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3946 generale peccatum. Tertio modo, secundum quod importat quandam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3947 inclinationem ad huiusmodi contemptum, ex corruptione naturae. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3948 sic dicunt quod est initium omnis peccati. Et differt a cupiditate,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3949 quia cupiditas respicit peccatum ex parte conversionis ad bonum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3950 commutabile, ex quo peccatum quodammodo nutritur et fovetur, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3951 propter hoc cupiditas dicitur radix, sed superbia respicit peccatum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3952 ex parte aversionis a Deo, cuius praecepto homo subdi recusat; et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3953 ideo vocatur initium, quia ex parte aversionis incipit ratio mali.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3954 Et haec quidem quamvis vera sint, tamen non sunt secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3955 intentionem sapientis, qui dixit, initium omnis peccati est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3956 superbia. Manifeste enim loquitur de superbia secundum quod est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3957 inordinatus appetitus propriae excellentiae, ut patet per hoc quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3958 subdit, <i>sedes ducum superborum destruxit Deus</i>. Et de hac
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3959 materia fere loquitur in toto capitulo. Et ideo dicendum est quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3960 superbia, etiam secundum quod est speciale peccatum, est initium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3961 omnis peccati. Considerandum est enim quod in actibus voluntariis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3962 cuiusmodi sunt peccata, duplex ordo invenitur, scilicet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3963 intentionis, et executionis. In primo quidem ordine, habet rationem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3964 principii finis, ut supra multoties dictum est. Finis autem in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3965 omnibus bonis temporalibus acquirendis, est ut homo per illa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3966 quandam perfectionem et excellentiam habeat. Et ideo ex hac parte
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3967 superbia, quae est appetitus excellentiae, ponitur initium omnis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3968 peccati. Sed ex parte executionis, est primum id quod praebet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3969 opportunitatem adimplendi omnia desideria peccati, quod habet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3970 rationem radicis, scilicet divitiae. Et ideo ex hac parte avaritia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3971 ponitur esse radix omnium malorum, ut dictum est.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3972 <p title="I-II q. 84 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="37160"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3973 "ref">[37160] Iª-IIae q. 84 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Et per hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3974 patet responsio ad primum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3975 <p title="I-II q. 84 a. 2 ad 2"><a name="37161"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3976 "ref">[37161] Iª-IIae q. 84 a. 2 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3977 dicendum quod apostatare a Deo dicitur esse initium superbiae ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3978 parte aversionis, ex hoc enim quod homo non vult subdi Deo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3979 sequitur quod inordinate velit propriam excellentiam in rebus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3980 temporalibus. Et sic apostasia a Deo non sumitur ibi quasi speciale
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3981 peccatum, sed magis ut quaedam conditio generalis omnis peccati,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3982 quae est aversio ab incommutabili bono. Vel potest dici quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3983 apostatare a Deo dicitur esse initium superbiae, quia est prima
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3984 superbiae species. Ad superbiam enim pertinet cuicumque superiori
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3985 nolle subiici, et praecipue nolle subdi Deo; ex quo contingit quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3986 homo supra seipsum indebite extollatur, quantum ad alias superbiae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3987 species.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3988 <p title="I-II q. 84 a. 2 ad 3"><a name="37162"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3989 "ref">[37162] Iª-IIae q. 84 a. 2 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3990 dicendum quod in hoc homo se amat, quod sui excellentiam vult, idem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3991 enim est se amare quod sibi velle bonum. Unde ad idem pertinet quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3992 ponatur initium omnis peccati superbia, vel amor proprius.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3993 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3994 <div class="E">Articulus 3</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3995 <p title="I-II q. 84 a. 3 arg. 1"><a name="37163"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3996 "ref">[37163] Iª-IIae q. 84 a. 3 arg. 1</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3997 sic proceditur. Videtur quod praeter superbiam et avaritiam, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3998 sint quaedam alia peccata specialia quae dicantur capitalia. <i>Ita
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3999 enim se videtur habere caput ad animalia, sicut radix ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4000 plantas</i>, ut dicitur in II de anima, nam radices sunt ori
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4001 similes. Si igitur cupiditas dicitur radix omnium malorum, videtur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4002 quod ipsa sola debeat dici vitium capitale, et nullum aliud
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4003 peccatum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4004 <p title="I-II q. 84 a. 3 arg. 2"><a name="37164"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4005 "ref">[37164] Iª-IIae q. 84 a. 3 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4006 caput habet quendam ordinem ad alia membra, inquantum a capite
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4007 diffunditur quodammodo sensus et motus. Sed peccatum dicitur per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4008 privationem ordinis. Ergo peccatum non habet rationem capitis. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4009 ita non debent poni aliqua capitalia peccata.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4010 <p title="I-II q. 84 a. 3 arg. 3"><a name="37165"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4011 "ref">[37165] Iª-IIae q. 84 a. 3 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4012 capitalia crimina dicuntur quae capite plectuntur. Sed tali poena
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4013 puniuntur quaedam peccata in singulis generibus. Ergo vitia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4014 capitalia non sunt aliqua determinata secundum speciem.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4015 <p title="I-II q. 84 a. 3 s. c."><a name="37166"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4016 "ref">[37166] Iª-IIae q. 84 a. 3 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4017 est quod Gregorius, XXXI Moral., enumerat quaedam specialia vitia,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4018 quae dicit esse capitalia.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4019 <p title="I-II q. 84 a. 3 co."><a name="37167"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4020 "ref">[37167] Iª-IIae q. 84 a. 3 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4021 dicendum quod capitale a capite dicitur. Caput autem proprie quidem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4022 est quoddam membrum animalis, quod est principium et directivum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4023 totius animalis. Unde metaphorice omne principium caput vocatur, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4024 etiam homines qui alios dirigunt et gubernant, capita aliorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4025 dicuntur. Dicitur ergo vitium capitale uno modo a capite proprie
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4026 dicto, et secundum hoc, peccatum capitale dicitur peccatum quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4027 capitis poena punitur. Sed sic nunc non intendimus de capitalibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4028 peccatis, sed secundum quod alio modo dicitur peccatum capitale a
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4029 capite prout metaphorice significat principium vel directivum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4030 aliorum. Et sic dicitur vitium capitale ex quo alia vitia oriuntur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4031 et praecipue secundum originem causae finalis, quae est formalis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4032 origo, ut supra dictum est. Et ideo vitium capitale non solum est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4033 principium aliorum, sed etiam est directivum et quodammodo ductivum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4034 aliorum, semper enim ars vel habitus ad quem pertinet finis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4035 principatur et imperat circa ea quae sunt ad finem. Unde Gregorius,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4036 XXXI Moral., huiusmodi vitia capitalia ducibus exercituum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4037 comparat.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4038 <p title="I-II q. 84 a. 3 ad 1"><a name="37168"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4039 "ref">[37168] Iª-IIae q. 84 a. 3 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4040 ergo dicendum quod capitale dicitur denominative a capite, quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4041 quidem est per quandam derivationem vel participationem capitis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4042 sicut habens aliquam proprietatem capitis, non sicut simpliciter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4043 caput. Et ideo capitalia vitia dicuntur non solum illa quae habent
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4044 rationem primae originis, sicut avaritia, quae dicitur radix, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4045 superbia, quae dicitur initium, sed etiam illa quae habent rationem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4046 originis propinquae respectu plurium peccatorum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4047 <p title="I-II q. 84 a. 3 ad 2"><a name="37169"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4048 "ref">[37169] Iª-IIae q. 84 a. 3 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4049 dicendum quod peccatum caret ordine ex parte aversionis, ex hac
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4050 enim parte habet rationem mali; <i>malum autem</i>, secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4051 Augustinum, in libro de natura boni, <i>est privatio modi, speciei
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4052 et ordinis</i>. Sed ex parte conversionis, respicit quoddam bonum.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4053 Et ideo ex hac parte potest habere ordinem.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4054 <p title="I-II q. 84 a. 3 ad 3"><a name="37170"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4055 "ref">[37170] Iª-IIae q. 84 a. 3 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4056 dicendum quod illa ratio procedit de capitali peccato secundum quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4057 dicitur a reatu poenae. Sic autem hic non loquimur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4058 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4059 <div class="E">Articulus 4</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4060 <p title="I-II q. 84 a. 4 arg. 1"><a name="37171"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4061 "ref">[37171] Iª-IIae q. 84 a. 4 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quartum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4062 sic proceditur. Videtur quod non sit dicendum septem esse vitia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4063 capitalia, quae sunt inanis gloria, invidia, ira, tristitia,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4064 avaritia, gula, luxuria. Peccata enim virtutibus opponuntur.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4065 Virtutes autem principales sunt quatuor, ut supra dictum est. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4066 et vitia principalia, sive capitalia, non sunt nisi quatuor.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4067 <p title="I-II q. 84 a. 4 arg. 2"><a name="37172"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4068 "ref">[37172] Iª-IIae q. 84 a. 4 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4069 passiones animae sunt quaedam causae peccati, ut supra dictum est.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4070 Sed passiones animae principales sunt quatuor. De quarum duabus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4071 nulla fit mentio inter praedicta peccata, scilicet de spe et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4072 timore. Enumerantur autem aliqua vitia ad quae pertinet delectatio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4073 et tristitia, nam delectatio pertinet ad gulam et luxuriam,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4074 tristitia vero ad acediam et invidiam. Ergo inconvenienter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4075 enumerantur principalia peccata.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4076 <p title="I-II q. 84 a. 4 arg. 3"><a name="37173"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4077 "ref">[37173] Iª-IIae q. 84 a. 4 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4078 ira non est principalis passio. Non ergo debuit poni inter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4079 principalia vitia.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4080 <p title="I-II q. 84 a. 4 arg. 4"><a name="37174"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4081 "ref">[37174] Iª-IIae q. 84 a. 4 arg. 4</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4082 sicut cupiditas, sive avaritia, est radix peccati, ita superbia est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4083 peccati initium, ut supra dictum est. Sed avaritia ponitur unum de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4084 septem vitiis capitalibus. Ergo superbia inter vitia capitalia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4085 enumeranda esset.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4086 <p title="I-II q. 84 a. 4 arg. 5"><a name="37175"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4087 "ref">[37175] Iª-IIae q. 84 a. 4 arg. 5</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4088 quaedam peccata committuntur quae ex nullo horum causari possunt,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4089 sicut cum aliquis errat ex ignorantia; vel cum aliquis ex aliqua
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4090 bona intentione committit aliquod peccatum, puta cum aliquis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4091 furatur ut det eleemosynam. Ergo insufficienter capitalia vitia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4092 enumerantur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4093 <p title="I-II q. 84 a. 4 s. c."><a name="37176"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4094 "ref">[37176] Iª-IIae q. 84 a. 4 s. c.</span></a> Sed in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4095 contrarium est auctoritas Gregorii sic enumerantis, XXXI
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4096 Moralium.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4097 <p title="I-II q. 84 a. 4 co."><a name="37177"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4098 "ref">[37177] Iª-IIae q. 84 a. 4 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4099 dicendum quod, sicut dictum est, vitia capitalia dicuntur ex quibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4100 alia oriuntur, praecipue secundum rationem causae finalis.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4101 Huiusmodi autem origo potest attendi dupliciter. Uno quidem modo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4102 secundum conditionem peccantis, qui sic dispositus est ut maxime
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4103 afficiatur ad unum finem, ex quo ut plurimum in alia peccata
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4104 procedat. Sed iste modus originis sub arte cadere non potest, eo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4105 quod infinitae sunt particulares hominum dispositiones. Alio modo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4106 secundum naturalem habitudinem ipsorum finium ad invicem. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4107 secundum hoc, ut in pluribus unum vitium ex alio oritur. Unde iste
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4108 modus originis sub arte cadere potest. Secundum hoc ergo, illa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4109 vitia capitalia dicuntur, quorum fines habent quasdam primarias
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4110 rationes movendi appetitum, et secundum harum rationum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4111 distinctionem, distinguuntur capitalia vitia. Movet autem aliquid
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4112 appetitum dupliciter. Uno modo, directe et per se, et hoc modo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4113 bonum movet appetitum ad prosequendum, malum autem, secundum eandem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4114 rationem, ad fugiendum. Alio modo, indirecte et quasi per aliud,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4115 sicut aliquis aliquod malum prosequitur propter aliquod bonum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4116 adiunctum, vel aliquod bonum fugit propter aliquod malum adiunctum.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4117 Bonum autem hominis est triplex. Est enim primo quoddam bonum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4118 animae, quod scilicet ex sola apprehensione rationem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4119 appetibilitatis habet, scilicet excellentia laudis vel honoris, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4120 hoc bonum inordinate prosequitur inanis gloria. Aliud est bonum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4121 corporis, et hoc vel pertinet ad conservationem individui, sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4122 cibus et potus, et hoc bonum inordinate prosequitur gula; aut ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4123 conservationem speciei, sicut coitus, et ad hoc ordinatur luxuria.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4124 Tertium bonum est exterius, scilicet divitiae, et ad hoc ordinatur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4125 avaritia. Et eadem quatuor vitia inordinate fugiunt mala contraria.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4126 Vel aliter, bonum praecipue movet appetitum ex hoc quod participat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4127 aliquid de proprietate felicitatis, quam naturaliter omnes
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4128 appetunt. De cuius ratione est quidem primo quaedam perfectio, nam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4129 felicitas est perfectum bonum, ad quod pertinet excellentia vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4130 claritas, quam appetit superbia vel inanis gloria. Secundo de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4131 ratione eius est sufficientia, quam appetit avaritia in divitiis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4132 eam promittentibus. Tertio est de conditione eius delectatio, sine
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4133 qua felicitas esse non potest, ut dicitur in I et X Ethic., et hanc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4134 appetunt gula et luxuria. Quod autem aliquis bonum fugiat propter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4135 aliquod malum coniunctum, hoc contingit dupliciter. Quia aut hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4136 est respectu boni proprii, et sic est acedia, quae tristatur de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4137 bono spirituali, propter laborem corporalem adiunctum. Aut est de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4138 bono alieno, et hoc, si sit sine insurrectione, pertinet ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4139 invidiam, quae tristatur de bono alieno, inquantum est impeditivum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4140 propriae excellentiae; aut est cum quadam insurrectione ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4141 vindictam, et sic est ira. Et ad eadem etiam vitia pertinet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4142 prosecutio mali oppositi.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4143 <p title="I-II q. 84 a. 4 ad 1"><a name="37178"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4144 "ref">[37178] Iª-IIae q. 84 a. 4 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4145 ergo dicendum quod non est eadem ratio originis in virtutibus et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4146 vitiis, nam virtutes causantur per ordinem appetitus ad rationem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4147 vel etiam ad bonum incommutabile, quod est Deus; vitia autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4148 oriuntur ex appetitu boni commutabilis. Unde non oportet quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4149 principalia vitia opponantur principalibus virtutibus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4150 <p title="I-II q. 84 a. 4 ad 2"><a name="37179"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4151 "ref">[37179] Iª-IIae q. 84 a. 4 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4152 dicendum quod timor et spes sunt passiones irascibilis. Omnes autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4153 passiones irascibilis oriuntur ex passionibus concupiscibilis, quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4154 etiam omnes ordinantur quodammodo ad delectationem et tristitiam.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4155 Et ideo delectatio et tristitia principaliter connumerantur in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4156 peccatis capitalibus, tanquam principalissimae passiones, ut supra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4157 habitum est.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4158 <p title="I-II q. 84 a. 4 ad 3"><a name="37180"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4159 "ref">[37180] Iª-IIae q. 84 a. 4 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4160 dicendum quod ira, licet non sit principalis passio, quia tamen
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4161 habet specialem rationem appetitivi motus, prout aliquis impugnat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4162 bonum alterius sub ratione honesti, idest iusti vindicativi; ideo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4163 distinguitur ab aliis capitalibus vitiis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4164 <p title="I-II q. 84 a. 4 ad 4"><a name="37181"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4165 "ref">[37181] Iª-IIae q. 84 a. 4 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4166 dicendum quod superbia dicitur esse initium omnis peccati secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4167 rationem finis, ut dictum est. Et secundum eandem rationem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4168 accipitur principalitas vitiorum capitalium. Et ideo superbia,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4169 quasi universale vitium, non connumeratur, sed magis ponitur velut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4170 regina quaedam omnium vitiorum, sicut Gregorius dicit. Avaritia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4171 autem dicitur radix secundum aliam rationem, sicut supra dictum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4172 est.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4173 <p title="I-II q. 84 a. 4 ad 5"><a name="37182"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4174 "ref">[37182] Iª-IIae q. 84 a. 4 ad 5</span></a> Ad quintum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4175 dicendum quod ista vitia dicuntur capitalia, quia ex eis ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4176 frequentius alia oriuntur. Unde nihil prohibet aliqua peccata
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4177 interdum ex aliis causis oriri. Potest tamen dici quod omnia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4178 peccata quae ex ignorantia proveniunt, possunt reduci ad acediam,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4179 ad quam pertinet negligentia qua aliquis recusat bona spiritualia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4180 acquirere propter laborem, ignorantia enim quae potest esse causa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4181 peccati, ex negligentia provenit, ut supra dictum est. Quod autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4182 aliquis committat aliquod peccatum ex bona intentione, videtur ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4183 ignorantiam pertinere, inquantum scilicet ignorat quod non sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4184 facienda mala ut veniant bona.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4185 <div class="centro"><br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4186 <p><a href="sth2074.html"><img src="icons/ageretro.gif" width="19"
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4187 height="19" align="middle" border="0" alt="age retro" /></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4188 <a href="sth2085.html"><img src="icons/ageultra.gif" width="19"
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4189 height="19" align="middle" border="0" alt="age ultra" /></a></p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4190 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4191 <hr />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4192 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4193 <address>© 2006 Fundación Tomás de Aquino quoad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4194 hanc editionem<br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4195 Iura omnia asservantur<br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4196 OCLC nr. <a href="http://worldcatlibraries.org/wcpa/oclc/49644264"
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4197 style="text-decoration=none">49644264</a></address>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4198 </div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4199 </body>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4200 </html>

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