@node Management
@chapter @sc{gnats} Administration
@cindex administering @sc{gnats}
@cindex managing @sc{gnats}
@cindex GNATS management
@cindex duties for @code{gnats-admin}

In daily usage, @sc{gnats} is self-maintaining.  However, there are
various administrative duties which need to be performed periodically:

@table @emph
@item emptying the @code{pending} directory
@cindex emptying the @code{pending} directory
If a Problem Report arrives with a @samp{>Category:} value that is
unrecognized by the @file{categories} file, or if that field is missing,
@sc{gnats} places the PR in the @w{@file{pending}} directory
(@pxref{Locations,,Where the tools and utilities reside}).  @sc{gnats}
has no way of knowing which subdirectory the PR should be filed under.
@sc{gnats} sends a notice to the @code{gnats-admin} and to the party
responsible for that submitter (as listed in the @file{submitters} file)
when this occurs.

To file these PRs, simply use @code{edit-pr} to repair the problematic
fields in each file in the @file{pending} directory.  Be sure to change
the @samp{>Category:} field of the PR from @samp{pending} to an
appropriate category.  In many cases the culprit is simply a
typographical error, although it may be necessary sometimes to contact
the submitter of the PR to decipher her or his intentions.

Should you run out of disk space, there may be an empty PR in the
@file{pending} directory.  In that case, look in the file
@w{@file{@var{GNATS_ROOT}/gnats-adm/bug.log}}, which should still contain
the full message that was submitted.

@item adding new categories
@cindex adding a problem category
@cindex @code{mkcat}
To add a new category, simply insert a new line in the
@w{@file{categories}} file and then run the program @code{mkcat}.

@emph{Note}: this causes all category lists for @code{send-pr} (except
the one on the local machine) to become outdated.  Copy the new list on
to every machine on your network that has @code{send-pr} installed, and
make sure you advise remote submitters that the category list has
changed.  @xref{mkcat,,Adding a problem category}.  Also
@ref{categories,,The @code{categories} file}.

@item removing categories
@cindex removing a problem category
@cindex @code{rmcat}
To remove a category, you need to make sure the relevant subdirectory is
empty (in other words, make sure no PRs exist for the category you wish
to remove).  You can then remove the category listing from the
@file{categories} file, and invoke 

@smallexample
rmcat @var{category@dots{}}
@end smallexample

@noindent
to remove @var{category} (any number of categories may be specified on
the command line to @code{rmcat}, so long as they abide by the above
constraints).

@emph{Note}: this causes all category lists for @code{send-pr} (except
the one on the local machine) to become outdated.  Copy the new list on
to every machine on your network that has @code{send-pr} installed, and
make sure you advise remote submitters that the category list has
changed.  @xref{rmcat,,Removing a problem category}.  Also
@ref{categories,,The @code{categories} file}.

@item adding and removing maintainers
@cindex adding and removing maintainers
Edit the @file{responsible} file to add a new maintainer or to remove an
existing maintainer.  @xref{responsible,,The @code{responsible} file}.

@item building a distribution of @code{send-pr}
@cindex building a distribution of @code{send-pr}
@cindex @code{mkdist}
You can build a distribution of @code{send-pr} which contains valid
information for your site by invoking the command @code{mkdist}.
@xref{mkdist,,Configuring @code{send-pr} for the outside world}.  You
can then distribute your customized @w{@code{send-pr}} to your
customers, friends, relatives, etc., so that they can submit Problem
Reports to your database.

@item building a new index
@cindex building a new index
@cindex @code{gen-index}
If your index becomes corrupted, or if you wish to generate a new one
for some reason, use the program @code{gen-index}
(@pxref{gen-index,,Regenerating the index}).

@item pruning log files
@cindex pruning log files
Log files often grow to unfathomable proportions.  As with gardening, it
is best to prune these as they grow, lest they take over your disk and
leave you with no room to gather more Problem Reports.  If you keep log
files, be sure to keep an eye on them.  (@xref{Aliases,,Setting up mail
aliases}.)
@c "gather ye rosebugs while ye may..."

@item BACKING UP YOUR DATA
@cindex BACK UP YOUR DATA
Any database is only useful if its data remains uncorrupted and safe.
Performing periodic backups ensures that problems like disk crashes and
data corruption are reversible.

@end table

@xref{Locations,,Where @sc{gnats} lives}.

@menu
* Networked management::  Managing GNATS over a network
* Local configuration::   Changing your local configuration
* Admin files::           Administrative data files
* Admin utils::           Administrative utilities
* Internal utils::        Internal utilities
@end menu

@node Networked management
@section Managing @sc{gnats} over a network
@cindex networked management
@cindex managing @sc{gnats} over a network

If you have installed the @sc{gnats} user tools on machines around your
local network, there are a few things you need to remember.

@code{mkcat} and @code{rmcat} do not update the categories list for
other machines on your network which have @code{send-pr} installed,
unless those machines share @var{prefix} with the host machine).  To
update these lists, copy the @code{send-pr} categories list to each of
the other hosts.  This categories list is
@w{@file{@var{prefix}/lib/gnats/@var{site}}}, where @var{site} is the
name tag for your local site, as specified in the @file{config} file as
@samp{GNATS_SITE} (@pxref{config,,The @code{config} file}).

It is also important to note that only your local @code{send-pr} has
access to this new information; any copies of @code{send-pr} which you
have distributed to outside submitters now have outdated category lists.
You must either contact your submitters and instruct them to update
their copy of the categories list, which they installed in
@w{@file{@var{prefix}/lib/gnats/@var{support-site}}} from the
distribution you provided, or you must build another distribution of
@code{send-pr} with this new information and redistribute it.

If you need to use @sc{gnats} utilities, like @code{query-pr} and
@code{edit-pr}, on other systems besides the one where @sc{gnats} itself
resides, @pxref{Installing tools,,Installing the user tools}.

@c FIXME - anything else?

@node Local configuration
@section Changing your local configuration
@cindex local configuration
@cindex changing your local configuration

@xref{Locations,,Where @sc{gnats} lives}.

Your local configuration is determined by the data files in the
directory @w{@file{@var{GNATS_ROOT}/gnats-adm}}.  These can be altered at
any time by editing the pertinent file.

@table @code
@cindex @code{config} file
@item config
Variables which control certain behavior.  @xref{config,,The
@code{config} file}.  Behaviors you can change here include

@itemize @bullet
@item 
The address where your site receives Problem Reports.

@item
The address of the @sc{gnats} administrator.

@item
The nametag for your Support Site (your organization, company,
group, etc.).

@item
The nametag for your local Submitter Site.

@item
The default release for your site.

@item
The default value for the @samp{>Organization:} field (this value
appears as the default when you run @code{send-pr}).

@item
Whether or not to remind maintainers if a requisite time period has
passed before they change the state of a Problem Report to
@samp{analyzed}.  (Also see @ref{submitters,,The @code{submitters}
file}, and @ref{at-pr,,Timely Reminders}.

@item
Whether or not to send an automatic acknowledgement to the originator of
a problem report when the @sc{gnats} first receives the PR. 

@item
The value @sc{gnats} assigns to PRs which come in with missing or unknown
values for the @samp{>Submitter-Id:} field.

@item
Whether or not @sc{gnats} should retain @samp{Received:}
mail headers from incoming mail.

@item
Whether or not @sc{gnats} is in a mode for debugging.

@item
The values which define business hours.
@end itemize

@cindex @code{categories} file
@item categories
The list of categories that @sc{gnats} accepts as valid for the
@samp{>Category:} field, and the maintainers responsible for each
category.  Update this file whenever you have a new category, or
whenever a category is no longer valid.  You must also update this file
whenever responsiblility for a category changes, or if a maintainer is
no longer valid.  @xref{categories,,The @code{categories} file}.  Also
see @ref{mkcat,,Adding a new problem category}, and @ref{rmcat,,Removing
a problem category}.

@cindex @code{responsible} file
@item responsible
The list of maintainers.  Update this file whenever you have a new
maintainer, or whenever a maintainer is no longer valid.
@xref{responsible,,The @code{responsible} file}.

@cindex @code{submitters} file
@item submitters
The list of Submitter Sites from whom @sc{gnats} accepts Problem Reports.
This file is mandatory, although the feature it provides is not; see
@ref{submitters,,The @code{submitters} file}.
@end table

@menu
* default behavior::
* config::          The `config' file
* categories::      The `categories' file
* responsible::     The `responsible' file
* submitters::      The `submitters' file
@end menu

@node default behavior
@subsection Default behavior

The default behavior for @sc{gnats} is as follows:

@cindex default behavior
@itemize @bullet
@item 
The address where your site receives Problem Reports is @samp{bugs} (a
local address).

@item
The address of the @sc{gnats} administrator is @samp{gnats-admin} (a local
address).

@item
The nametag for your Support Site (your organization, company, group,
etc.) is the second-to-last field in your domain name.

@item
The nametag for your local Submitter Site is the nametag for your
Support Site.

@item
The default release for your site is @samp{unknown-1.0}.

@item
The default value for the @samp{>Organization:} field (this value appears as the
default when you run @code{send-pr}) is the nametag for your Support
Site.

@item
@sc{gnats} reminds maintainers if a requisite time period has passed
before they change the state of a Problem Report to @samp{analyzed}.

@item
An automatic acknowledgement is sent to the originator of a problem
report when the @sc{gnats} first receives the PR.

@item
The value @sc{gnats} assigns to the @samp{>Submitter-Id:} field in PRs
which arrive with missing or unknown values for that field is
@samp{unknown}.

@item
@samp{Received@dots{}} mail headers are retained.

@item
@sc{gnats} is not in a debugging mode.

@item
@dfn{business hours} are defined as 8:00am to 5:00pm, Monday through
Friday.
@end itemize


@node config
@subsection The @code{config} file
@cindex @code{config} file

Much of the behavior @sc{gnats} exhibits depends on the values of fields
in the file @w{@file{@var{GNATS_ROOT}/gnats-adm/config}}.  The
@file{config} file contains a list of variables (using Bourne-shell
syntax) which control the following behavior.  These values can be
changed at any time; the new values take effect for all subsequent
iterations of the tools.

@table @code
@cindex @code{GNATS_ADDR}
@item GNATS_ADDR="@var{address}"
The address where your site receives Problem Reports.  This address is
aliased in the file @w{@file{/etc/aliases}} so that it directs incoming
mail into @code{queue-pr} (@pxref{Installing utils,,Installing the
utilities}).

The default is @samp{bugs} (a local address).

@cindex @code{GNATS_ADMIN}
@item GNATS_ADMIN="@var{address}"
The address of the @sc{gnats} administrator.  Normally this is set to
@samp{gnats-admin}, which is an alias in @file{/etc/aliases} that points
toward the person responsible for administrating @sc{gnats}.
@xref{Installing utils,,Installing the utilities}.

The default is @samp{gnats-admin} (a local address).

@cindex @code{GNATS_SITE}
@item GNATS_SITE="@var{site}"
The nametag for your Support Site (your organization, company, group,
etc.).  This nametag should also appear in the @file{submitters} file,
so that users at your site can submit Problem Reports locally.

@var{site} is also used as the name of the file containing a valid
category list for your site.  This file is installed locally as
@w{@file{@var{prefix}/lib/gnats/@var{site}}}.  @emph{Warning:} if you
change this variable after @sc{gnats} is installed, you must also change
the name of this file, as well as the name of the alias for your local
submitters (@pxref{Aliases,,Setting up mail aliases}).

The default is the second-to-last field in your domain name.  For
example, if your domain name is @w{@samp{unleaded.truckstop.org}}, your
default @var{site} is @w{@samp{truckstop}}.

@cindex @code{SUBMITTER}
@item SUBMITTER="@var{submitter-id}"
The nametag for your local Submitter Site (this value appears as the
default value for @samp{>Submitter-Id} when you run @code{send-pr}).
Even though you are a Support Site, if you submit Problem Reports to
your own organization you become a Submitter Site.  The value
@var{submitter-id} is the default value for the @samp{>Submitter-Id:}
field that your maintainers see when they submit Problem Reports
locally.

The default is the value of @samp{GNATS_SITE}.

@cindex @code{DEFAULT_RELEASE}
@item DEFAULT_RELEASE="@var{release}"
The default release for your site (this value appears as the default
value for @samp{>Release:} when you run @code{send-pr}).

The default is @samp{unknown-1.0}.

@cindex @code{DEFAULT_ORGANIZATION}
@item DEFAULT_ORGANIZATION="@var{text}"
The default value for the @samp{>Organization:} field (this value
appears as the default when you run @code{send-pr}).

The default is the value of @samp{GNATS_SITE}.

@c FIXME - where else to mention this stuff?
@cindex @code{NOTIFY}
@item NOTIFY=@var{boolean}
Determines whether or not to remind maintainers if a requisite time
period has passed before they change the state of a Problem Report to
@samp{analyzed}.  This feature uses the program @code{at-pr}; see
@ref{at-pr,,Timely Reminders}.

This requisite time is determined for each submitter individually; see
@ref{submitters,,The @code{submitters} file}.  The time is measured in
@dfn{business hours}, which by default are 8:00am to 5:00pm, Monday
through Friday.  Business hours can be redefined by changing the
variables @code{BDAY_START}, @code{BDAY_END}, @code{BWEEK_START}, and
@code{BWEEK_END} in the @file{config} file (see below).

If @var{boolean} is @samp{1}, this feature is active.  If @var{boolean}
is @samp{0}, the feature is turned off.  The default value for
@samp{NOTIFY} is @samp{1}.

@cindex @code{ACKNOWLEDGE}
@item ACKNOWLEDGE=@var{boolean}
Determines whether or not to send an automatic acknowledgement to the
originator of a problem report when the @sc{gnats} first receives the PR.

If @var{boolean} is @samp{1}, this feature is active.  If @var{boolean}
is @samp{0}, the feature is turned off.  The default for
@samp{ACKNOWLEDGE} is @samp{1}.

The acknowledgment is of the form:

@smallexample
@group
To: @var{your-address}
From: gnats
Subject: Re: @var{category}/@var{gnats-id}:@var{Synopsis}
In-Reply-To: Your message of @var{date}

Thank you very much for your problem report.
It has the internal identification: @var{category}/@var{gnats-id}
The individual assigned to look at your bug is:
     @var{responsible}

Category:     @var{category of the PR}
Responsible:  @var{responsible}
Synopsis:     @var{Synopsis from submitted PR}
Arrival-Date: @var{arrival date}
@end group
@end smallexample

@cindex @code{DEFAULT_SUBMITTER}
@item DEFAULT_SUBMITTER="submitter-id"
The value @sc{gnats} assigns to PRs which come in with missing or unknown
values for the @samp{>Submitter-Id:} field.  This value must also appear
in the @file{submitters} file; see @ref{submitters,,The
@code{submitters} file}.

@cindex disabling @var{submitter-id}
To disable the feature of @sc{gnats} which tracks the
@samp{>Submitter-Id:}, simply alter the @file{submitters} file to only
contain the @var{submitter-id} value which appears in
@w{@code{DEFAULT_SUBMITTER}}, and and instruct your submitters to ignore
the field.

The default value for @samp{DEFAULT_SUBMITTER} is @samp{unknown}.

@cindex @code{KEEP_RECEIVED_HEADERS}
@item KEEP_RECEIVED_HEADERS=@var{boolean}
Determines whether or not @sc{gnats} should retain the
@w{@samp{Received:}} mail headers from incoming mail.  These headers
often take up a lot of space, and they are seldom used.

If @var{boolean} is @samp{1}, this feature is active.  If @var{boolean}
is @samp{0}, the feature is turned off.  The default value for
@samp{KEEP_RECEIVED_HEADERS} is @samp{1}.

@item DEBUG_MODE=@var{boolean}
Determines whether or not @sc{gnats} is operating in a mode for
debugging.  When @var{boolean} is @samp{1}, @sc{gnats} fowards all mail
to the @sc{gnats} administrator, @w{@code{gnats-admin}}.

@cindex business hours
@item BDAY_START=@var{integer}
@itemx BDAY_END=@var{integer}
@itemx BWEEK_START=@var{integer}
@itemx BWEEK_END=@var{integer}
The definition of @dfn{business hours}.  These values are only used if
@code{NOTIFY} is set to @samp{1} in the @file{config} file (see above).

By default, business hours are 8:00am to 5:00pm Monday through Friday,
local time.

@table @code
@item BDAY_START=@var{integer}
Defines the hour of the day when business hours begin.  @var{integer}
values must fall between @samp{0} (midnight) and @samp{23} (11:00pm).
The default is @samp{8} (8:00am).

@item BDAY_END=@var{integer}
Defines the hour of the day when business hours end.  @var{integer}
values must fall between @samp{0} (midnight) and @samp{23} (11:00pm).
The default is @samp{17} (5:00pm).

@item BWEEK_START=@var{integer}
Defines the beginning day of the business week.  @var{integer} values
must fall between @samp{0} (Sunday) and @samp{6} (Saturday).  The
default is @samp{1} (Monday).

@item BWEEK_END=@var{integer}
Defines the ending day of the business week.  @var{integer} values must
fall between @samp{0} (Sunday) and @samp{6} (Saturday).  The default is
@samp{5} (Friday).
@end table

@end table

@node categories
@subsection The @code{categories} file
@cindex @code{categories} file

The @file{categories} file contains a list of problem categories,
specific to your site, which @sc{gnats} tracks.  This file also matches
responsible people with these categories.  You must edit this file
initially, creating valid categories and then running @code{mkcat} to
create the corresponding subdirectories of @w{@code{@var{GNATS_ROOT}}}
and update the valid categories list for @w{@code{send-pr}}.  For
instructions on running @code{mkcat}, see @ref{mkcat,,Adding a problem
category}.

To create a new category, log in as @sc{gnats}, add a line to this file,
and run @code{mkcat}.  Lines beginning with @samp{#} are ignored.

A line in the @file{categories} file consists of four fields delimited
by colons, as follows:

@smallexample
@var{category}:@var{description}:@var{responsible}:@var{notify}
@end smallexample

@noindent
@table @var
@item category
A unique category name, made up of text characters.  This name cannot
contain spaces or any of the following characters:

@smallexample
! $ & * ( ) @{ @} [ ] ` ' " ; : < > ~
@end smallexample

@noindent
Ideally, category names should not contain commas or begin with periods.
Each line has a corresponding subdirectory in the main @sc{gnats}
directory (@var{GNATS_ROOT}).

@ignore
It is possible that if you set up the database with categories
which contain characters that describe subdirectories, such as a slash
(@key{/}) in @sc{Unix}, you could effectively build subdirectories
within each category, and @sc{gnats} would read and write to these
files as it would any other.  This is not recommended.  It doesn't
break any of the existing tools, and is a fine way to keep category
directories from growing too large.  It is, however, quite untested.
@end ignore

@item description
A terse textual description of the category.

@item responsible
The name tag of the party responsible for this category of problems, as
listed in the @file{responsible} file (@pxref{responsible,,The
@code{responsible} file}).

@item notify
One or more other parties which should be notified when a Problem Report
with this category arrives, such as a project manager, other members of
the same project, other interested parties, or even log files.  These
should be separated with commas.
@end table

A good strategy for configuring this file is to have a different
category for each product your organization supports or wishes to track
information for, or perhaps with sub-categories within each category.
For instance, if you wish to track documentation problems in a variety of
areas, you could have entries such as

@smallexample
doc:General Doc Questions:myboss:me,barney
doc-rock:Doc for ROCK program:me:myboss
doc-stone:Docs for STONE utils:barney:fred
doc-local:in-house documentation:me:doc-local-log
@end smallexample

In the above example, the nametags @samp{myboss}, @samp{me},
@samp{fred}, and @samp{barney} must be defined in the @file{responsible}
file (@pxref{responsible,,The @code{responsible} file}).

Problem Reports with a category of @samp{doc} are sent to the local mail
address (or alias) @samp{myboss}, and also sent to the addresses
@samp{me} and @samp{barney}.  PRs with a category of @samp{doc-rock} are
sent to the local addresses @samp{me} and @samp{myboss} only, while PRs
with the category @samp{doc-stone} are sent to @samp{fred} as well as to
@samp{barney}.  PRs with a category of @samp{doc-local} are sent only to
@samp{me}, and are also filed in @code{doc-local-log} (in this case, an
alias should be set up in @file{/etc/aliases} to reflect a location for
the log file, such as @w{@samp{doc-local-log: /users/me/local-log}}).

Whenever you add a new category, be sure to run @code{mkcat} to create a
subdirectory for it and update the local categories list.

Only one category must be present for @sc{gnats} to function:

@smallexample
pending:Category for faulty PRs: gnats-admin:
@end smallexample

@cindex @code{pending} file
The @file{pending} directory is created automatically when you run
@w{@samp{make install}} (@pxref{Configure and make,,Configuring and
compiling the software}).

@node responsible
@subsection The @code{responsible} file
@cindex @code{responsible} file

This file contains a list of the responsible parties.  Lines beginning
with @samp{#} are ignored.  Each entry contains three fields, separated
by colons:

@smallexample
@var{responsible}:@var{full-name}:@var{mail-address}
@end smallexample

@noindent
@table @var
@item responsible
A name-tag description of the party in question, such as her or his user
name, or the name of the group.  This name is listed in the PR in
the @samp{>Responsible:} field.

@item full-name
The full name of the party (``Charlotte Bronte''; ``Compiler Group'').

@item mail-address
The full, valid mail address of the party.  This field is only necessary
if the responsible party has no local mail address or alias.
@end table

@noindent
A sample @file{responsible} listing might be:

@smallexample
ren:Ren Hoek:
stimpy:Stimpson J. Cat:stimpy@@lederhosen.org
@end smallexample

Here, @code{ren} is a local user.  @code{stimpy} is remote, so his full
address must be specified.

The following entry must be present for @sc{gnats} to function:

@smallexample
gnats-admin: GNATS administrator:
@end smallexample

@noindent
(@code{gnats-admin} is a mail alias, so for this purpose
@code{gnats-admin} is a local address.)

@node submitters
@subsection The @code{submitters} file
@cindex @code{submitters} file

This is a database of sites which submit bugs to your support site.  It
contains six fields delineated by colons.  Lines beginning with @samp{#}
will be ignored.

Entries are of the format:

@smallexample
@var{submitter-id}:@var{name}:@var{type}:@var{resp-time}:@var{contact}:@var{notify}
@end smallexample

@noindent
@table @var
@item submitter-id
A unique identifier for a specific site or other entity who submits
Problem Reports.

@item name
A textual description of this entity.

@item type
Optional description for the type of relationship this submitter to your
support site.  This could indicate a contract type, a level of
expertise, etc., or it can remain blank.

@item resp-time
Optional quoted response time, in @dfn{business hours}.  @sc{gnats} is
capable of reminding responsible parties when Problem Reports marked
with a @samp{>Severity} value of @samp{critical}, or those with a
@samp{>Severity} of @samp{serious} and a @samp{>Priority} value of
@samp{high}, are neglected for a certain period.  This argument defines
that response period for each @var{submitter-id}.  Business hours are
defined by default as 8:00am to 5:00pm, Monday through Friday.  For
example, three business days would be equal to 24 business hours.

This function is active if the @code{NOTIFY} field is defined as
@samp{1} in the @file{config} file (@pxref{Local configuration,,Changing
your local configuration}).  If @code{NOTIFY} is @samp{0}, this field is
ignored.  For information on @code{at-pr}, the program which sends out
this reminder, see @ref{at-pr,,Timely Reminders}.

@item contact
The name tag of the main @dfn{contact} at the Support Site for this
submitter.  This contact should be in the @file{responsible} file
(@pxref{responsible,,The @code{responsible} file}).  Incoming bugs from
@var{submitter} are sent to this contact.  Optionally, this field can be
left blank.

@item notify
Any other parties who should receive copies of Problem Reports sent in
by @var{submitter}.
@end table

A few example entries in the @file{submitters} file:

@smallexample
univ-hell: University of Hades:eternal:3:beelzebub:lucifer
tta: Telephones and Telegraphs of America:support:720:dave:
@end smallexample

@noindent
In this example, when a PR comes in from the University of Hades (who
has an eternal contract), it should have @samp{univ-hell} in its
@samp{Submitter-Id} field.  This Problem Report goes to @code{beelzebub}
(who should be in the @file{responsible} file), and if it is not
analyzed within three business hours a reminder message is sent.
@code{lucifer} also receives a copy of the bug, and a copy of the
reminder message as well (if it is sent).  When Telephones and
Telegraphs of America utilizes their support contract and submits a bug,
a copy is sent only to @code{dave}, who has 720 business hours to return
an analysis before a reminder is sent.

@cindex disabling @var{submitter-id}
To disable the feature of @sc{gnats} which tracks the
@samp{>Submitter-Id:}, simply alter the @file{submitters} file to only
contain the @var{submitter-id} value which appears as the
@samp{DEFAULT_SUBMITTER} value in the @file{config} file
(@pxref{config,,The @code{config} file}), and instruct your submitters
to ignore the field.

@node Admin files
@section Administrative data files
@cindex admin files
@cindex files used for @sc{gnats} administration

The following files are located in @file{@var{GNATS_ROOT}/gnats-adm},
where @var{GNATS_ROOT} is the resident directory of @sc{gnats}.  These
files are maintained by @sc{gnats}; you should never touch them.

@menu
* index file::      The `index' file
* current file::    The `current' file
@end menu

@node index file
@subsection The @code{index} file
@cindex @code{index} file

The index is used to accelerate searches on the database by
@code{query-pr} and @code{edit-pr}.  This file is not created until the
first PR comes in.  It is then kept up to date by @sc{gnats}; you should
never touch this file.

Any searches on subjects contained in the index are much faster than
searches which depend on data not in the index.  The index contains
single-line entries for the following fields, in order, separated by
colons (@samp{:}) except for @samp{>Category:} and @samp{>Number:},
which are separated by a slash (@samp{/}) (the @samp{>} and @samp{:}
Problem Report fieldname delimiters have been removed for the sake of
brevity and readability)::

@smallexample
Category       Number         Submitter-Id
Responsible    State          Confidential
Severity       Priority
@end smallexample

To see an example index, run @code{gen-index} without any options
(@pxref{gen-index,,Regenerating the index}).

@node current file
@subsection The @code{current} file
@cindex @code{current} file

This file contains the last serial number assigned to an incoming PR.
It is used internally by @sc{gnats}; you need never touch this file.

@node Admin utils
@section Administrative utilities
@cindex administrative utilities

These tools are used by the @sc{gnats} administrator as part of the
periodic maintenance and configuration of @sc{gnats}.
@xref{Management,,@sc{gnats} Administration}.

@menu
* mkcat::       Adding a problem category
* rmcat::       Removing a problem category
* gen-index::   Regenerating the index
* mkdist::      Configuring send-pr for the outside world
@end menu

@node mkcat
@subsection Adding a problem category
@cindex @code{mkcat}
@cindex adding a problem category
@cindex new problem categories
@cindex @code{categories} file

To add new categories to the database:

@enumerate 1
@item 
Add a line to the @file{categories} file under
@w{@file{@var{GNATS_ROOT}/gnats-adm}} for each new category.
@xref{categories,,The @code{categories} file}.

@item
Run @code{mkcat}.  @code{mkcat} creates a directory under
@w{@var{GNATS_ROOT}} for any new categories which appear in the
@file{categories} file.  @code{mkcat} also recreates the list of valid
categories for both your locally installed @code{send-pr} and for the
@code{send-pr} distribution template in
@w{@file{@var{prefix}/lib/gnats/dist}} (@pxref{Locations,,Where @sc{gnats}
lives}.
@end enumerate

@emph{Note:} @code{mkcat} does not update the categories list for other
machines on your network which have @code{send-pr} installed (unless
the two machines share the directory @var{prefix}).
@xref{Networked management,,Managing @sc{gnats} over a network}.

It is also important to note that only your local @code{send-pr} has
access to this new information; any copies of @code{send-pr} which you
have distributed to outside submitters now have outdated category lists.
You must either contact your submitters and instruct them to update
their copy of the categories list, which they installed in
@w{@file{@var{prefix}/lib/gnats/@var{support-site}}} (@emph{Note:} the
value for @var{prefix} may be different from yours) from the
distribution you provided, or you must build another distribution of
@code{send-pr} with this new information and redistribute it
(@pxref{mkdist,,Configuring @code{send-pr} for the outside world}).

@node rmcat
@subsection Removing a problem category
@cindex @code{rmcat}
@cindex removing a problem category
@cindex @code{categories} file

To remove a category from the database:

@enumerate 1
@item
Remove the Problem Reports from the subdirectories corresponding to the
categories you wish to remove, or assign the PRs to new categories.  All
PRs for a given category reside in
@w{@file{@var{GNATS_ROOT}/@var{category}}}.  Make sure you do this for
each category you wish to remove.

@item
Run @code{rmcat} using

@smallexample
rmcat @var{category} [ @var{category@dots{}} ]
@end smallexample

@noindent
where @var{category} is the category you wish to remove.  You can
specify as many categories as you wish as long as each category has no
PRs associated with it.  @code{rmcat} removes the directory under
@w{@var{GNATS_ROOT}} where the Problem Reports for that category had been
stored.  @code{rmcat} also deletes the category from the list of valid
categories for both your locally installed @code{send-pr} and for the
@code{send-pr} distribution template in
@w{@file{@var{prefix}/lib/gnats/dist}} (@pxref{Locations,,Where @sc{gnats}
lives}).
@end enumerate

@emph{Note:} @code{rmcat} does not update the categories list for other
machines on your network which have @code{send-pr} installed.
@xref{Networked management,,Managing @sc{gnats} over a network}.

It is also important to note that only your local @code{send-pr} has
access to this new information; any copies of @code{send-pr} which you
have distributed to outside submitters now have outdated category lists.
You must either contact your submitters and instruct them to update
their copy of the categories list, which they installed in
@w{@file{@var{prefix}/lib/gnats/@var{support-site}}} (@emph{Note:} the
value for @var{prefix} may be different from yours) from the
distribution you provided, or you must build another distribution of
@code{send-pr} with this new information and redistribute it
(@pxref{mkdist,,Configuring @code{send-pr} for the outside world}).

@c FIXME!  Should we suggest this?
@ignore
To reassign a group of categories....

(The idea is to call "query-pr --full", run the output through sed, and
then throw it at pr-edit.  This approach is untested, and may be unhealthy.)

@end ignore

@node gen-index
@subsection Regenerating the index
@cindex @code{gen-index}
@cindex @code{index} file

If your @file{index} file becomes corrupted, or if you need a copy of
the current index for some reason, use

@smallexample
gen-index [ -n | --numeric ]
          [ -d @var{directory} | --directory=@var{directory} ]
	  [ -c @var{filename} | --catfile=@var{filename} ]
          [ -o @var{filename} | --outfile=@var{filename} ]
          [ -h | --help] [ -V | --version ]
@end smallexample

@noindent
With no options, @code{gen-index} generates an index that is ordered the
same as the order of the categories as they appear in the
@file{categories} file, and prints it to standard output.  The options
are:

@table @code
@item -n
@itemx --numeric
Sorts index entries numerically.

@item -d @var{directory}
@itemx --directory=@var{directory}
Uses @var{directory} as the directory containing the database, by
default @w{@var{GNATS_ROOT}} (@pxref{Locations,,Where @sc{gnats} lives}).

@item -o @var{filename}
@itemx --outfile=@var{filename}
Places output in @var{filename} rather than sending it to standard
output.

@item -c @var{filename}
@itemx --catfile=@var{filename}
Point to @var{filename}, the file listing the valid categories.

@item -h
@itemx --help
Prints the usage for @code{gen-index}.

@item -V
@itemx --version
Prints the version number for @code{gen-index}.
@end table

@node mkdist
@subsection Configuring @code{send-pr} for the outside world
@cindex configuring @code{send-pr} for the outside world
@cindex invoking @code{mkdist}
@cindex using @code{mkdist}

Now that @sc{gnats} is up and running on your system, you probably want
to distribute @code{send-pr} to all your friends, relatives, enemies,
etc. so they can more easily submit bugs to your organization.  To do
this, create a new directory @var{dist-directory} to hold the
distribution.  Then run the program

@smallexample
mkdist --release=@var{release} @var{dist-directory}
@end smallexample

@noindent
This populates @var{dist-directory} with a full distribution of the
program @code{send-pr}, including a @file{Makefile} and all the
@code{send-pr} documentation.  You can then simply package up this
directory and send it to your bug report submitters.  For example,
when logged in as @code{gnats} you can do the following:

@smallexample
mkdir new-dist
mkdist --release=tools-1.2 new-dist 
tar cvf send-pr.tar new-dist
@end smallexample

This creates a file called @file{send-pr.tar} which contains a full
distribution of @code{send-pr} customized for your site, with a default
release number of @samp{tools-1.2}.  You can then place this onto a disk
or tape and send it to your submitters, or instruct your submitters to
download it using @code{ftp}.

If you only have one submitter, you can set the Submitter ID in the
send-pr script by specifying the --submitter option to mkdist.  If you
do this, the submitter will not have to run install-sid.

@node Internal utils
@section Internal utilities
@cindex internal utilities

These tools are used internally by @sc{gnats}.  You should never need to
run these by hand; however, a complete understanding may help you locate
problems with the @sc{gnats} tools or with your local implementation.

@menu
* queue-pr::    Handling incoming traffic
* file-pr::     Processing incoming traffic
* at-pr::       Timely reminders
* pr-edit::     The edit-pr driver
* pr-addr::     Address retrieval
@end menu

@node queue-pr
@subsection Handling incoming traffic
@cindex @code{queue-pr}
@cindex handling incoming traffic

The program @code{queue-pr} handles traffic coming into @sc{gnats}.
@code{queue-pr} queues incoming Problem Reports in the directory
@w{@file{@var{GNATS_ROOT}/gnats-queue}}, and then periodically (via
@code{cron}) passes them on to @code{file-pr} to be filed in the
@sc{gnats} database.  @xref{Installation,,Installing @sc{gnats}}.

The usage for @code{queue-pr} is as follows:

@smallexample
queue-pr [ -q | --queue ] [ -r | --run ]
         [ -f @var{filename} | --file=@var{filename} ]
         [ -d @var{directory} | --directory=@var{directory} ]
@end smallexample

One of @samp{-q} or @samp{-r} (or their longer-named counterparts) must
be present upon each call to @code{queue-pr}.  These options provide
different functions, as described below.

@table @code
@item -q
@itemx --queue
Accepts standard input as an incoming mail message, placing this message
in an incrementally numbered file in the @w{@file{gnats-queue}} directory
under @w{@code{@var{GNATS_ROOT}}} (@pxref{Locations,,Where @sc{gnats}
lives}).

@item -r
@itemx --run
Redirects files in the @file{gnats-queue} directory into the program
@code{file-pr} one by one.

@item -f @var{filename}
@itemx --file=@var{filename}
Used with @samp{-q} (or @samp{--queue}), accepts the file denoted by
@var{filename} as input rather than reading from standard input.

@item -d @var{directory}
@itemx --directory=@var{directory}
Resets the default @var{directory} value, which is by default
@w{@file{@var{GNATS_ROOT}/gnats-queue}}.  When @w{@samp{-d
@var{directory}}} is used in conjunction with the @samp{-q} (or
@samp{--queue}) option, @w{@code{queue-pr}} files incoming messages into
@var{directory} rather than the @file{gnats-queue} directory.  When
@w{@samp{-d @var{directory}}} is used in conjunction with the @samp{-r}
(or @samp{--run}) option, @code{queue-pr} redirects into
@w{@code{file-pr}} files from @var{directory} rather than from the
@w{@file{gnats-queue}} directory.
@end table

@node file-pr
@subsection Processing incoming traffic
@cindex @code{file-pr}
@cindex processing incoming traffic

@code{queue-pr} hands off queued Problem Reports to @code{file-pr} one
at a time.  @code{file-pr} checks each Problem Report for correct
information in its fields (particularly a correct @samp{>Category:}),
assigns it an identification number, and files it in the database under
the appropriate category.

If the @samp{>Category:} field does not contain a valid category value
(i.e., matching a line in the @code{categories} file;
@pxref{categories,,The @code{categories} file}), the PR is given a
@samp{>Category:} value of @samp{pending} and is placed in the
@file{pending} directory.  The @sc{gnats} administrator is notified of
the unplaceable PR.

@code{file-pr} assigns the Problem Report an identification number,
files it in the @sc{gnats} database (under @w{@samp{pending}}, if the
@samp{>Category:} field contains an invalid category), and sends
acknowledgements to appropriate parties.  The person responsible for
that category of problem (@pxref{categories,,The @code{categories}
file}) and the person responsible for the submitter site where the PR
originated (@pxref{submitters,,The @code{submitters} file}) receive a
copy of the PR in its entirety.  Optionally, the originator of the PR
receives an acknowledgement that the PR arrived and was filed
(@pxref{Local configuration,,Changing your local configuration}).

The usage for @code{file-pr} is as follows:

@smallexample
file-pr [ -f @var{filename} | --file=@var{filename} ]
        [ -d @var{directory} | --directory=@var{directory}b ]
	[ -D | --debug ] [ -h | --help ] [ -V | --version ]
@end smallexample

@code{file-pr} requires no options in order to operate, and takes input
from standard input (normally, the output of @w{@samp{queue-pr -r}})
unless otherwise specified.  The options include:

@table @code
@item -f @var{filename}
@itemx --filename=@var{filename}
Uses @var{filename} as input rather than standard input.

@item -d @var{directory}
@itemx --directory=@var{directory}
Performs refiling operations in @var{directory} rather than in
@w{@code{@var{GNATS_ROOT}}}.

@item -D
@itemx --debug
Give debugging output while @code{file-pr} is running.

@item -h
@itemx --help
Prints the usage for @code{file-pr}.

@item -V
@itemx --version
Prints the version number for @code{file-pr}.
@end table

@node at-pr
@subsection Timely reminders
@cindex @code{at-pr}
@cindex timely reminders
@cindex automatic notification
@cindex notification of overdue PRs

@code{at-pr} creates a queued job using @code{at} which, after an
allotted @dfn{response time} is past, checks the PR to see if its state
has changed from @samp{open}.

The @file{submitters} file contains the response time for each
@w{@code{>Submitter-Id:}} (@pxref{submitters,,The @code{submitters} file}).
The time is determined in @dfn{business hours}, which are defined by
default as 8:00am to 5:00pm Monday through Friday, local time.  These
hours are defined in the @file{config} file (@pxref{config,,The
@code{config} file}).

If the PR is still open after the requisite time period has passed,
@code{at-pr} sends a reminder to the @sc{gnats} administrator, to the
maintainer responsible for that submitter, and to the maintainer
responsible for the PR with the following message:

@cindex reminder message
@cindex @code{at-pr}
@smallexample
To: @var{submitter-contact} @var{responsible} @var{gnats-admin}
Subject: PR @var{gnats-id} not analyzed in @var{#hours} hours

PR @var{gnats-id} was not analyzed within the acknowledgment period
of @var{#hours} business hours.  The pertinent information is:

 Submitter-Id: @var{submitter}
 Originator: @var{full name of the submitter}
 Synopsis: @var{synopsis}
 Person responsible for the PR: @var{responsible}

--
The GNU Problem Report Management System (GNATS)
@end smallexample

@node pr-edit
@subsection The @code{edit-pr} driver
@cindex @code{pr-edit}
@cindex @code{edit-pr} driver
@cindex driver for @code{edit-pr}

@code{pr-edit} does the background work for @code{edit-pr}, including
error-checking and refiling newly edited Problem Reports and handling
file locks.  It can be called interactively, though it has no useable
editing interface.

The usage for @code{pr-edit} is:

@smallexample
pr-edit [ -l @var{maintainer} --lock=@var{maintainer} ]
        [ -u | --unlock ] [ -c | --check ] [ -F ]
	[ -L | --lockdb ] [ -U | --unlockdb ]
        [ -f @var{filename} | --filename=@var{filename} ]
        [ -d @var{directory} | --directory=@var{directory} ]
        [ -h | --help ] [ -V | --version ]
        [ @var{gnats-id} ]
@end smallexample

@cindex PR locks
@cindex locks
A @dfn{lock} is placed on a Problem Report while the PR is being edited.
The lock is simply a file in the same directory as the PR, with the name
@w{@file{@var{gnats-id}.lock}}, which contains the name of the maintainer
who created the lock.  @var{maintainer} then ``owns'' the lock, and must
remove it before the PR can be locked again, even by the same
@var{maintainer}@footnote{This approach may seem heavy-handed, but it
ensures that changes are not overwritten.}.  If a PR is already locked
when you attempt to edit it, @code{pr-edit} prints an error message
giving the name of the maintainer who is currently editing the PR.

If you do not specify @w{@var{gnats-id}}, @code{pr-edit} reads from
standard input.  You must specify @w{@var{gnats-id}} for the functions
which affect PR locks, @samp{--lock=@var{maintainer}} and
@samp{--unlock}.

@table @code
@item -l @var{maintainer}
@itemx --lock=@var{maintainer}
Locks Problem Report @w{@var{gnats-id}}, failing (and returning an error
message) if @w{@var{gnats-id}} is already locked, or if @w{@var{gnats-id}}
does not exist.  @code{pr-edit} requires that you specify
@w{@var{gnats-id}} when using this option.

@item -u
@itemx --unlock
Unlocks Problem Report @w{@var{gnats-id}}.  @code{pr-edit} requires that
you specify @w{@var{gnats-id}} when using this option.  You must own a
file lock to remove it.

@item -L
@itemx --lockdb
Locks the GNATS database as a whole.  This will prevent any modification
to any part of the system while it's locked.

@item -U
@itemx --unlockdb
Unlocks the GNATS database as a whole, allowing modification of its
files.

@item -c
@itemx --check
Checks the Problem Report in @w{@var{gnats-id}} (or standard input, if
@w{@var{gnats-id}} is not present) for correct information in its
@w{@sc{Enumerated}} fields.  @code{pr-edit} complains about any bogus
information in the Problem Report.

@item -F
Forces the PR to be submitted to the database, even if there is no
current index entry for it (i.e., even if the PR did not exist in the
database previously).

@emph{Warning: using this option may corrupt your index.}  If you use
it, be sure you know what you are doing.

@item -f @var{filename}
@itemx --filename=@var{filename}
Reads @var{filename} rather than standard input.

@item -d @var{directory}
@itemx --directory=@var{directory}
Resets the operating directory (@w{@code{@var{GNATS_ROOT}}}).

@item -h
@itemx --help
Prints the usage for @code{pr-edit}.

@item -V
@itemx --version
Prints the version number for @code{pr-edit}.
@end table
@node pr-addr
@subsection Address retrieval
@cindex address retrieval
@cindex @code{pr-addr}

Returns an electronic mail address when given a valid @dfn{nametag}, as
it appears in the @file{responsible} file (@pxref{responsible,,The
@code{responsible} file}).  If @var{nametag} is not valid, @code{pr-addr}
will tell the user that it could not find the requested address.

Usage is simply:

@smallexample
pr-addr @var{name}
@end smallexample