view man/new-users-guide/help.texi @ 872:79c6ff3eef26

[xemacs-hg @ 2002-06-20 21:18:01 by ben] font changes etc.; some 21.4 changes mule/mule-msw-init-late.el: Specify charset->windows-registry conversion. mule/mule-x-init.el: Delete extra mule font additions here. Put them in faces.c. cl-macs.el: Document better. font-lock.el: Move Lisp function regexp to lisp-mode.el. lisp-mode.el: Various indentation fixes: Handle flet functions better. Handle argument lists in defuns and flets. Handle quoted lists, e.g. property lists -- don't indent like function calls. Distinguish between lambdas and other lists. lisp-mode.el: Handle this form. faces.el, font-menu.el, font.el, gtk-faces.el, msw-faces.el, msw-font-menu.el, x-faces.el, x-init.el: Major overhaul of face-handling code: -- Fix lots of bogus code in msw-faces.el, msw-font-menu.el, font-menu.el that was "truenaming" font specs -- i.e. in the process of frobbing a particular field in a general user-specified font spec with wildcarded fields, sticking in particular values for all the remaining wildcarded fields. This bug was rampant everywhere except in x-faces.el (the oldest and only correctly written code). This also means that we need to work with font names at all times and not font instances, because a font instance is essentially a truenamed font. -- Total rewrite of extremely junky code in msw-faces.el. Work with names as well as font instances, and return names; stop truenaming when canonicalizing and frobbing; fix handling of the combined style field, i.e. weight/slant (also fixed in font.el). -- Totally rewrite the frobbing functions in faces.el. This time, we frob all the instantiators rather than just computing a single instance value and working backwards. That way, e.g., `bold' will work for all charsets that have bold available, rather than only for whatever charset was part of the computed font instance (another example of the truename virus). Also fix up code to look at the fallbacks (all of them) when no global value present, so we don't need to put something in the global value. Intelligently handle a request to frob a buffer locale, rather than signalling an error. When frobbing instantiators, try hard to figure out what device type is associated with them, and frob each according to its own proper device type. Correctly handle inheritance vectors given as instantiators. Preserve existing tags when putting back frobbed instantiators. Extract out general specifier-frobbing code into specifier.el. Document everything cleanly. Do lots of other things better, etc. -- Don't duplicatively set a global specification for the default font -- it's already in the fallback and we no longer need a default global specification present. Delete various code in x-faces.el and msw-faces.el that duplicated the lists of fonts in faces.c. -- init-global-faces was not being called at all under MS Windows! Major bogosity. That caused device-specific values to get stuck into all the fonts, making it very hard to change them -- setting global specs caused nothing to happen. -- Correct weight names in font.el. -- Lots more font fixups in objects*.c. Printer.el: Warning fix. specifier.el: Add more args to map-specifier. Add various "heuristic" specifier functions to aid in creation of specifier-munging code such as in faces.el. subr.el: New functions. lwlib.c: Fix warning. config.inc.samp: Clean up, add args to control fastcall (not yet supported! the changes needed are in another ws of mine), profile support, vc6 support, union-type. xemacs.dsp, xemacs.mak: Semi-major overhaul. Fix bug where dump-id was always getting recomputed, forcing a redump even when nothing changed. Add support for fastcall. Support edit-and-continue (on by default) with vc6. Use incremental linking when doing a debug compilation. Add support for profiling. Consolidate the various debug flags. Partial support for "batch-compiling" -- compiling many files on a single invocation of the compiler. Doesn't seem to help that much for me, so it's not finished or enabled by default. Remove HAVE_MSW_C_DIRED, we always do. Correct some sloppy use of directories. s/cygwin32.h: Allow pdump to work under Cygwin (mmap is broken, so need to undefine HAVE_MMAP). s/win32-common.h, s/windowsnt.h: Support for fastcall. Add WIN32_ANY for identifying all Win32 variants (Cygwin, native, MinGW). Both of these are properly used in another ws. alloc.c, balloon-x.c, buffer.c, bytecode.c, callint.c, cm.c, cmdloop.c, cmds.c, console-gtk.c, console-gtk.h, console-msw.c, console-msw.h, console-stream.c, console-stream.h, console-tty.c, console-tty.h, console-x.c, console-x.h, console.c, console.h, device-gtk.c, device-msw.c, device-tty.c, device-x.c, device.c, device.h, devslots.h, dialog-gtk.c, dialog-msw.c, dialog-x.c, dialog.c, dired-msw.c, editfns.c, emacs.c, event-Xt.c, event-gtk.c, event-msw.c, event-stream.c, event-tty.c, event-unixoid.c, events.c, extents.c, extents.h, faces.c, fileio.c, fns.c, frame-gtk.c, frame-msw.c, frame-tty.c, frame-x.c, frame.c, frame.h, glyphs-eimage.c, glyphs-gtk.c, glyphs-msw.c, glyphs-widget.c, glyphs-x.c, glyphs.c, glyphs.h, gui-gtk.c, gui-msw.c, gui-x.c, gui.c, gutter.c, input-method-xlib.c, intl-encap-win32.c, intl-win32.c, keymap.c, lisp.h, macros.c, menubar-gtk.c, menubar-msw.c, menubar-x.c, menubar.c, menubar.h, minibuf.c, mule-charset.c, nt.c, objects-gtk.c, objects-gtk.h, objects-msw.c, objects-msw.h, objects-tty.c, objects-tty.h, objects-x.c, objects-x.h, objects.c, objects.h, postgresql.c, print.c, process.h, redisplay-gtk.c, redisplay-msw.c, redisplay-output.c, redisplay-tty.c, redisplay-x.c, redisplay.c, redisplay.h, scrollbar-gtk.c, scrollbar-msw.c, scrollbar-x.c, scrollbar.c, select-gtk.c, select-msw.c, select-x.c, select.c, signal.c, sound.c, specifier.c, symbols.c, syntax.c, sysdep.c, syssignal.h, syswindows.h, toolbar-common.c, toolbar-gtk.c, toolbar-msw.c, toolbar-x.c, toolbar.c, unicode.c, window.c, window.h: The following are the major changes made: (1) Separation of various header files into an external and an internal version, similar to the existing separation of process.h and procimpl.h. Eventually this should be done for all Lisp objects. The external version has the same name as currently; the internal adds -impl. The external file has XFOO() macros for objects, but the structure is opaque and defined only in the internal file. It's now reasonable to move all prototypes in lisp.h into the appropriate external file, and this should be done. Currently, separation has been done on extents.h, objects*.h, console.h, device.h, frame.h, and window.h. For c/d/f/w, the most basic properties are available in the external header file, with the macros resolving to functions. In the internal header file, the macros are redefined to directly access the structure. Also, the global MARK_FOO_CHANGED macros have been made into functions so that they can be accessed without needing to include lots of -impl headers -- they are used in almost exclusively in non-time-critical functions, and take up enough time that the function overhead will be negligible. Similarly, the function overhead from making the basic properties mentioned above into functions is negligible, and code that does heavy accessing of c/d/f/w structures inevitably ends up needing the internal header files, anyway. (2) More face changes. -- Major rewrite of objects-msw.c. Now handles wildcard specs properly, rather than "truenaming" (or even worse, signalling an error, which previously happened with some of the fallbacks if you tried to use them in make-font-instance!). -- Split charset matching of fonts into two stages -- one to find a font specifically designed for a particular charset (by examining its registry), the second to find a Unicode font that can support the charset. This needs to proceed as two complete, separate instantiations in order to work properly (otherwise many of the fonts in the HELLO page look wrong). This should also make it easy to support iso10646 (Unicode) fonts under X. -- All default values for fonts are now completely specified in the fallbacks. Stuff from mule-x-init.el has all been moved here, merged with the existing specs, and totally rethought so you get sensible results. (HELLO now looks much better!). -- Generalize the "default X/GTK device" stuff into a per-device-type "default device". -- Add mswindows-{set-}charset-registry. In time, charset<->code-page conversion functions will be removed. -- Wrap protective code around calls to compute device specifier tags, and do this computation before calling the face initialization code because the latter may need these tags to be correctly updated. (3) Other changes. EmacsFrame.c, glyphs-msw.c, eval.c, gui-x.c, intl-encap-win32.c, search.c, signal.c, toolbar-msw.c, unicode.c: Warning fixes. config.h.in: #undefs meant to be frobbed by configure *MUST* go inside of #ifndef WIN32_NO_CONFIGURE, and everything else *MUST* go outside! eval.c: Let detailed backtraces be detailed. specifier.c: Don't override user's print-string-length/print-length settings. glyphs.c: New function image-instance-instantiator. config.h.in, sysdep.c: Changes for fastcall. sysdep.c, nt.c: Fix up a previous botched patch that tried to add support for both EEXIST and EACCES. IF THE BOTCHED PATCH WENT INTO 21.4, THIS FIXUP NEEDS TO GO IN, TOO. search.c: Fix *evil* crash due to incorrect synching of syntax-cache code with 21.1. THIS SHOULD GO INTO 21.4.
author ben
date Thu, 20 Jun 2002 21:19:10 +0000
parents 8de8e3f6228a
children
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@comment  node-name,  next,  previous,  up
@node Help, Modes, Customization Basics, Top
@chapter Help
@cindex help


XEmacs provides a comprehensive Help facility. On the extreme right of
the menu-bar there is a @b{Help} menu. There are several help commands
provided by this menu. You can also use @kbd{C-h} for invoking the Help
facility. Type "?" for a list of keys you can type after typing
@kbd{C-h}. If you want more information on what your options are and
what kind of help you can get type "?" again. You will get a listing of
all the keys you can type and what they will do. Initially if you want
help, type @kbd{C-h} three times.

@comment  node-name,  next,  previous,  up
@menu
* The Help Menu::                   Items on the Help menu
@end menu

@node The Help Menu,  , Help, Help
@section Help menu 
@cindex help

When you click on the Help menu with any of the mouse buttons you will
get the following menu items:

@table @b
@item Info
Selecting this item will take you to the Info page which is the online
documentation browsing system. You can simply click on the highlighted
items and "Info" will take you to the document providing information
about that topic. 

@item Describe Mode
After you select this item, you will get a documentation on the major
and minor modes which are enabled in the buffer you are working
with. @xref{Modes}, for information on Modes.

@item Hyper Apropos...
After you select this item, you will see the following message in the
echo area:

@example
List symbols matching regexp:
@end example

@noindent
If you type "mode" and hit @key{RET}, you will get a list of all the
symbols (like functions and commands). You can now get documentation on
any of the given symbols by "clicking" on any of the symbols (i.e. drag
your mouse on the appropriate symbol and release the button). For
example, if you "click" on the 'auto-fill-mode' you will get the
following message in the window at the bottom:

@example
auto-fill-mode

Function, Command:

  Toggle auto-fill mode.
  With arg, turn auto-fill mode on if and only if arg is positive.
  In auto-fill mode, inserting a space at a column beyond `fill-column'
  automatically breaks the line at a previous space.

Variable:

  value = nil

  variable not documented
@end example

@item Command Apropos...
Selecting this item will prompt you for a string just like when you
select @b{Hyper Apropos...}. After you give a string name, you will get
a listing of all the functions and commands containing that string name
with a very short description about what that command does.

@item Full Apropos...
After you select this item, you will be prompted for a string name in
the echo area:

@example
Apropos (regexp):
@end example

@noindent
Now you can give any string name, for example "mode" and hit
@key{RET}. You will get a listing of all the variables and commands
containing that string i.e "mode" with a short description of its
function. 

@item List Keybindings
Select this item and you will get a listing of all the keys and the
commands that they execute. Depending on which Major mode your buffer is
in, you will get a listing of the special keybindings for that
particular buffer also. For example, if you are in "Texinfo" mode, part
of your list will contain:

@example
C-c C-c n       texinfo-insert-@@node
C-c C-c o       texinfo-insert-@@noindent
C-c C-c s       texinfo-insert-@@samp
C-c C-c t       texinfo-insert-@@table
C-c C-c v       texinfo-insert-@@var
C-c C-c x       texinfo-insert-@@example
C-c C-c @{      texinfo-insert-braces
@end example
@noindent
These keybindings apply only to "Texinfo" mode. @xref{Modes}, for more
information on various modes. 

@item Describe Key...
After you select this item, you will be see the following message in the
echo area:

@example
Describe Key:
@end example
After you type a command key sequence, full documentation of that
command will be displayed. For example if you type @kbd{C-g}, you will
see the following documentation for @kbd{C-g}:

@kindex C-g
@example
keyboard-quit:
Signal a `quit' condition.
@end example
This means that @kbd{C-g} will quit whatever command you gave earlier.

@kindex C-h d
@item Describe Function...
This menu item provides documentation for a function. After you select
this item, it will prompt you for a function name in the echo area:

@example
Describe function (default <some function name>):
@end example
@noindent
If you hit @key{RET} without giving a function name, you will get
documentation for that default function name, otherwise if you type a
function name and hit @key{RET}, you will get documentation for the
given function. 

@kindex C-h k
@item Describe Variable...
You can get documentation on any variable by selecting this menu
item. It is similar to @b{Describe Function} and will prompt you for a
variable name. 

@item Unix Manual...
After you select this item you will be prompted for a Unix command for
which you wish to see the man page. You will see the following message
in the echo area:

@example
Manual entry: (default <some name>)
@end example
@noindent
Now you can type any command, for example type @samp{who} and press
@key{RET}. You will get the man page for the Unix command @samp{who} which
lists who is on the system.

@item Emacs Tutorial
Select this item and you will get a tutorial on Emacs. It is good for new
users. 

@item Emacs News
Select this item and you will get a lot of historical and current news
on Emacs ! 

@end table

For more information on the Help facility, @xref{Help,,,xemacs,XEmacs
User's Manual}.