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--- a/man/xemacs-faq.texi Mon Aug 13 09:06:45 2007 +0200 +++ b/man/xemacs-faq.texi Mon Aug 13 09:07:36 2007 +0200 @@ -8,352 +8,3695 @@ @titlepage @title XEmacs FAQ @subtitle Frequently asked questions about XEmacs -@subtitle Last Modified: 1995/08/29 +@subtitle Last Modified: 1997/01/16 @sp 1 @author Anthony Rossini <arossini@@biostats.hmc.psu.edu> @author Ben Wing <wing@@netcom.com> @author Chuck Thompson <cthomp@@cs.uiuc.edu> +@author Steve Baur <steve@@miranova.com> @page @end titlepage -@c Some of this stuff needs to go in the HTML version which means it -@c needs to be put outside of the ifinfo statement. - -@ifinfo -@node top, 1. Introductory Questions, (dir), (dir) -@unnumbered XEmacs FAQ - -Version: 1995/08/29 - -Current-Editor: Chuck Thompson <cthomp@@cs.uiuc.edu> - -Copying Status: Freely Redistributable. I take no liability for the - correctness and safety of any procedures or advice given - here. This FAQ is distributed in the hope that it will - be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the - implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A - PARTICULAR PURPOSE. - -This is a list of frequently asked questions for XEmacs users and -maintainers. - -You can obtain the latest version of this file by anonymous FTP from -site @file{ftp.cs.uiuc.edu:/pub/xemacs/faq/xemacs-faq.FORMAT} where FORMAT -is text, texinfo (the master copy), postscript, dvi, html, info. Note that -the html version has 2 files. - -Thanks to the many who contributed, especially to JWZ <jwz@@netscape.com> for -starting this whole wonderful mess... Special thanks to Tim Geisler -<tmgeisle@@faui80.informatik.uni-erlangen.de> for the initial texinfo -version and to Giacomo Boffi <sboff@@hp735.stru.polimi.it> for the initial -HTML version. Other contributors (many left out, unfortunately, due to an -old mail-purge) include: -@itemize @bullet -@item -Juergen Nickelsen <nickel@@prz.tu-berlin.de> -@item -Evelyn Ginsparg <ginsparg@@adra.com> -@item -d3h554@@foghorn.pnl.gov -@item -Marty Hall <hall@@aplcenmp.apl.jhu.edu> -@item -Richard Caley <rjc@@cogsci.ed.ac.uk> -@item -fcg@@philabs.Philips.COM -@item -Stig <stig@@hackvan.com> -@item -Arup Mukherjee <arup+@@cmu.edu> -@item -Kevin R. Powell <powell@@csl.ncsa.uiuc.edu> -@item -Eric Eide <eeide@@cs.utah.edu> -@item -William G. Dubuque <wgd@@martigny.ai.mit.edu> -@item -Chris Flatters <cflatter@@nrao.edu> -@item -John A. Turner <turner@@lanl.gov> -@end itemize - -@end ifinfo +@node Top, Introduction, (dir), (dir) +@top XEmacs FAQ + +This is the guide to the XEmacs Frequently Asked Questions list---a +compendium of questions and answers pertaining to one of the finest +programs ever written. It is much more than just a Text Editor. + +This FAQ is freely redistributable. I take no liability for the +correctness and safety of any procedures or advice given here. This +FAQ is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY +WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or +FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. + +If you have a Web browser, the official hypertext version is at +<URL:http://www.miranova.com/~steve/xemacs-faq.html> and also at +<URL:http://www.xemacs.org/faq/xemacs-faq.html>. This version is much +nicer than the unofficial hypertext versions that are archived at +Utrecht, Oxford, Smart Pages, and other FAQ archives. @menu -* top:: XEmacs FAQ -* 1. Introductory Questions::. -* 2. Compiling XEmacs::. -* 3. Problems running XEmacs / weird messages::. -* 4. Customization -- Emacs Lisp and the .emacs file::. -* 5. Customization -- X resources::. -* 6. Changing textual fonts and colors::. -* 7. The modeline::. -* 8. The keyboard::. -* 9. The cursor::. -* 10. The mouse; cutting and pasting::. -* 11. Highlighting::. -* 12. The menubar and toolbar::. -* 13. Scrollbars::. -* 14. Frame Geometry::. -* 15. Window/icon title; window manager problems::. -* 16. Editing source code (C mode; Lisp mode; etc.)::. -* 17. Text mode::. -* 18. Shell mode::. -* 19. Mail; VM; GNUS; BBDB; and related::. -* 20. Printing::. -* 21. Gnuserv::. -* 22. Miscellaneous::. +* Introduction:: Introduction, Policy, Credits. +* Installation:: Installation and Trouble Shooting. +* Customization:: Customization and Options. +* Subsystems:: Major Subsystems. +* Miscellaneous:: The Miscellaneous Stuff. +* Current Events:: What the Future Holds. @end menu - - -@node 1. Introductory Questions, 2. Compiling XEmacs, top, top -@chapter 1. Introductory Questions +@node Introduction, Installation, Top, Top +@chapter Introduction, Policy, Credits + +Learning XEmacs is a lifelong activity. I've been using Emacs for +over a decade now, and I'm still discovering new features. Therefore +this document cannot be complete. Instead it is aimed at the person +who is either considering XEmacs for their own use, or has just +obtained it and is wondering what to do next. It is also useful as a +reference to available resources. + +The previous maintainer of the FAQ was Anthony Rossini +<rossini@@stat.sc.edu>, who started it, after getting tired of hearing +JWZ complain about repeatedly having to answer questions. Ben Wing +<ben@@666.com> and Chuck Thompson <cthomp@@xemacs.org>, the principal +authors of XEmacs, then took over and Ben did a massive update +reorganizing the whole thing. At which point Anthony took back over, +but then had to give it up again. Some of the other contributors to +this FAQ are listed later in this document. + +This version was converted to hypertext format, and edited by Steven +L. Baur <steve@@altair.xemacs.org>. It was converted back to texinfo by +Hrvoje Niksic <hniksic@@srce.hr>. @menu -* 1.1.:: 1.1. Preface -* 1.2.:: 1.2. What is XEmacs? -* 1.3.:: 1.3. What is the current version of XEmacs? -* 1.4.:: 1.4. Where can I find it? -* 1.5.:: 1.5. Why another version of Emacs? -* 1.6.:: 1.6. What do @kbd{M-x}, GNU, etc. mean? -* 1.7.:: 1.7. Where can I get help for using XEmacs? -* 1.8.:: 1.8. Where is the mailing list archived? -* 1.9.:: 1.9. What is InfoDock, how does it relate to XEmacs, and how can I obtain it? +Introduction: +* Q1.0.1:: What is XEmacs? +* Q1.0.2:: What is the current version of XEmacs? +* Q1.0.3:: Where can I find it? +* Q1.0.4:: Why Another Version of Emacs? +* Q1.0.5:: Why Haven't XEmacs and GNU Emacs Merged? +* Q1.0.6:: Where can I get help? +* Q1.0.7:: Where is the mailing list archived? +* Q1.0.8:: How do you pronounce XEmacs? +* Q1.0.9:: What does XEmacs look like? +* Q1.0.10:: Is there a port of XEmacs to Microsoft ('95 or NT)? +* Q1.0.11:: Is there a port of XEmacs to the Macintosh? +* Q1.0.12:: Is there a port of XEmacs to NextStep? +* Q1.0.13:: Is there a port of XEmacs to OS/2? + +Policies: +* Q1.1.1:: What is the FAQ editorial policy? +* Q1.1.2:: How do I become a Beta Tester? +* Q1.1.3:: How do I contribute to XEmacs itself? + +Credits: +* Q1.2.1:: Who wrote XEmacs? +* Q1.2.2:: Who contributed to this version of the FAQ? +* Q1.2.3:: Who contributed to the FAQ in the past? + +Internationalization: +* Q1.3.1:: What is the status of XEmacs v20? +* Q1.3.2:: What is the status of Asian-language support, aka @var{mule}? +* Q1.3.3:: How do I type non-ASCII characters? +* Q1.3.4:: Can XEmacs messages come out in a different language? +* Q1.3.5:: Please explain the various input methods in MULE/XEmacs 20.0 +* Q1.3.6:: How do I portably code for MULE/XEmacs 20.0? +* Q1.3.7:: How about Cyrillic Modes? + +Getting Started: +* Q1.4.1:: What is a @file{.emacs} and is there a sample one? +* Q1.4.2:: Can I use the same @file{.emacs} with the other Emacs? +* Q1.4.3:: Any good XEmacs tutorials around? +* Q1.4.4:: May I see an example of a useful XEmacs Lisp function? +* Q1.4.5:: And how do I bind it to a key? +* Q1.4.6:: What's the difference between a macro and a function? +* Q1.4.7:: Why options saved with 19.13 don't work with 19.14 or 20.0? @end menu - -@node 1.1. -@section 1.1. Preface - -This is the introduction to a list of frequently asked questions (FAQ's) -about XEmacs with answers. This article contains a listing of the -questions; subsequent articles contain the questions and answers. - -This is not a substitute for general Emacs questions, and actually -includes nothing that might help a novice learn to use Emacs or XEmacs. -For that, check out the regular Emacs lists, the tutorial inside of -XEmacs (look on the Help menu), or the O'Reilly book @cite{Learning GNU -Emacs}. This FAQ focuses on specific issues regarding XEmacs. If you -don't find the answer here, perhaps it really is a more general -question, and check the GNU Emacs FAQ for more information, as well. - -The FAQ list is posted to reduce the noise level in the -@samp{comp.emacs.xemacs} newsgroup which results from the repetition of -frequently asked questions, wrong answers to these questions, -corrections to the wrong answers, corrections to the corrections, -debate, name calling, etc. Also, it serves as a repository of the -canonical ``best'' answers to these questions. However, if you know a -better answer or even a slight change that improves an answer, please -tell me! - -If you know the answer of a question is in the FAQ list, please reply to -the question by e-mail instead of posting. Help reduce noise! - -Please suggest new questions, answers, wording changes, deletions, etc. -The most helpful form for suggestions is a context diff (i.e. the output -of @samp{diff -c}). Include @samp{FAQ} in the subject of messages sent -to us about the FAQ list. - -Please do not send questions to us just because you do not want to -disturb a lot of people and you think we would know the answer. We do -not have time to answer questions individually and keep up with -everything else we have to get done. - -Many thanks need to go to all contributors on the old alt.lucid-emacs.* -and current comp.emacs.xemacs groups. This would never have been -collected without you. - -Any directories given are usually in reference to the base directory -formed by unpacking XEmacs. - - -@node 1.2. -@section 1.2. What is XEmacs? +@node Q1.0.1, Q1.0.2, Introduction, Introduction +@section What is XEmacs? An alternative to GNU Emacs, originally based on an early alpha version -of FSF's version 19. XEmacs was known as Lucid Emacs through version -19.10. Almost all features of GNU Emacs are supported in XEmacs (the -ones that aren't supported are generally implemented in a better way in -XEmacs). The maintainers of XEmacs actively track changes to GNU Emacs -while also working to add new features never before seen in Emacs. - - -@node 1.3. -@section 1.3. What is the current version of XEmacs? - -The current version is 19.13, released on September 1, 1995. - - -@node 1.4. -@section 1.4. Where can I find it? - -The canonical source and binaries is found via anonymous FTP at -@ifinfo -@file{ftp.cs.uiuc.edu:/pub/xemacs}. -@end ifinfo -@ifhtml -<A HREF="ftp://ftp.cs.uiuc.edu/pub/xemacs/">ftp.cs.uiuc.edu:/pub/xemacs/</A> -@end ifhtml - -@node 1.5. -@section 1.5. Why Another Version of Emacs? - -@ifinfo -For a detailed description of the differences between GNU Emacs and -XEmacs, and a detailed history of XEmacs, see the file @file{etc/NEWS} -in the source distribution. However, here is a list of some of the -reasons why we think you might consider using it: -@end ifinfo -@ifhtml +of FSF's version 19, and has diverged quite a bit since then. XEmacs +was known as Lucid Emacs through version 19.10. Almost all features of +GNU Emacs are supported in XEmacs The maintainers of XEmacs actively +track changes to GNU Emacs while also working to add new features. + +@node Q1.0.2, Q1.0.3, Q1.0.1, Introduction +@section What is the current version of XEmacs? + +The current version is 19.15, released in January, 1997. + +It has been decided that XEmacs 19.15 will be the final release of v19. +XEmacs 19.15 is scheduled for release in mid January. After a brief +period of further testing, XEmacs v20 will be released shortly after +that. + +@node Q1.0.3, Q1.0.4, Q1.0.2, Introduction +@section Where can I find it? + +The canonical source and binaries is found via anonymous FTP at: + +@example +<URL:ftp.xemacs.org:/pub/xemacs/> +@end example + +@node Q1.0.4, Q1.0.5, Q1.0.3, Introduction +@section Why Another Version of Emacs? + For a detailed description of the differences between GNU Emacs and XEmacs and a detailed history of XEmacs, check out the -<A HREF="http://xemacs.cs.uiuc.edu/NEWS.html/">NEWS</A> file. However, -here is a list of some of the reasons why we think you might consider -using it: -@end ifhtml +@example +<URL:http://www.xemacs.org/NEWS.html> +@end example + +However, here is a list of some of the reasons why we think you might +consider using it: @itemize @bullet @item -It looks nicer +It looks nicer. + @item The XEmacs maintainers are generally more receptive to suggestions than -the GNU Emacs maintainers +the GNU Emacs maintainers. + @item -Many more bundled packages than GNU Emacs, all properly integrated with -XEmacs +Many more bundled packages than GNU Emacs + @item -Binaries are available for many common operating systems +Binaries are available for many common operating systems. + @item -Face support on TTY's +Face support on TTY's. + @item -A built-in toolbar +A built-in toolbar. + @item -Better Motif compliance +Better Motif compliance. + @item -Some internationalization support for European languages. Full MULE -(Multi-Lingual EMacs) support is being actively worked on. +Some internationalization support (full MULE support starting with 20.0). + +@item +Variable-width fonts. + @item -Variable-width fonts -@item -Variable-height lines +Variable-height lines. + @item -Marginal annotations +Marginal annotations. + @item -ToolTalk support +ToolTalk support. + @item XEmacs can be used as an Xt widget, and can be embedded within another -application +application. + @item -Horizontal and vertical scrollbars (using real toolkit scrollbars) +Horizontal and vertical scrollbars (using real toolkit scrollbars). + @item Better APIs (and performance) for attaching fonts, colors, and other -properties to text +properties to text. + @item -The ability to embed arbitrary graphics in a buffer +The ability to embed arbitrary graphics in a buffer. + @item -Completely compatible (at the C level) with the Xt-based toolkits +Completely compatible (at the C level) with the Xt-based toolkits. + +@item +First production Web Browser supporting Style Sheets. @end itemize - -@node 1.6. -@section 1.6. What do @kbd{M-x}, GNU, etc. mean? - -This is really a general Emacs question, but a table of some common -terms/acronyms is provided here for your convenience. -@ifinfo -See the @cite{GNU Emacs FAQ} for a more complete list. -@end ifinfo -@ifhtml -See the <A HREF="http://www.eecs.nwu.edu/emacs/faq">GNU Emacs FAQ</A> -for a more complete list. -@end ifhtml - -@table @samp -@item BLAT FOOP -Historical XEmacs error message -@item C-x -@dfn{C-x} means that the @key{Control} key and the @key{X} key should be -pressed together, like when you use the @key{Shift} key. -@item E-Lisp -Same as @dfn{Emacs-Lisp}. -@item Emacs-Lisp -The dialect of Lisp supported by Emacs and XEmacs. You use this to -customize XEmacs. -@item FAQ -Frequently asked question(s). -@item FSF -The Free Software Foundation. -@item GNU -@dfn{GNU} refers to products written by the Free Software Foundation. -@item JWZ -Jamie Zawinski <jwz@@netscape.com>, the former maintainer of Lucid Emacs -(which XEmacs evolved from). -@item M-x -@dfn{M-x} means that the @key{Meta} key and the @key{X} key should be -pressed together, like when you use the @key{Shift} key. Sometimes -the @key{Meta} key is labelled @samp{Alt} or with a diamond. Some -keyboards don't have a @key{Meta} key at all; then you can get the -equivalent by typing the @key{Esc} key followed by the @key{X} key. -@item RMS -Richard Stallman <rms@@gnu.ai.mit.edu>, the author of GNU Emacs. -@item VI -An editor used by those heretics that don't subscribe to the Emacs religion. -@end table - - -@node 1.7. -@section 1.7. Where can I get help for using XEmacs? +@node Q1.0.5, Q1.0.6, Q1.0.4, Introduction +@section Why Haven't XEmacs and GNU Emacs Merged? + +There are currently irreconcilable differences in the views about +technical, programming, design and organizational matters between RMS +and the XEmacs development team which provide little hope for a merge to +take place in the short-term future. + +@node Q1.0.6, Q1.0.7, Q1.0.5, Introduction +@section Where can I get help? Probably the easiest way, if everything is installed, is to use info, by -pressing @kbd{C-h i}, or selecting @samp{Emacs Info} from the Help Menu. +pressing @kbd{C-h i}, or selecting @code{Emacs Info} from the Help Menu. + Also, @kbd{M-x apropos} will look for commands for you. Try reading this FAQ, examining the regular GNU Emacs FAQ (which can be found with the Emacs 19 distribution) as well as at -@ifinfo -@file{http://www.eecs.nwu.edu/emacs/faq/} and reading the Usenet group -@end ifinfo -@ifhtml -<A HREF="http://www.eecs.nwu.edu/emacs/faq/">http://www.eecs.nwu.edu/emacs/faq/</A> -and reading the Usenet group -@end ifhtml -@samp{comp.emacs.xemacs}. If that does not help, try posting your -question to @samp{comp.emacs.xemacs}. If you cannot post or read -Usenet news, there is a corresponding mailing list which is available. -It can be subscribed to by sending mail to +@example +<URL:http://www.eecs.nwu.edu/emacs/faq/> +@end example +and reading the Usenet group comp.emacs.xemacs. + +If that does not help, try posting your question to comp.emacs.xemacs. +Please @strong{do not} post XEmacs related questions to gnu.emacs.help. + +If you cannot post or read Usenet news, there is a corresponding mailing +list which is available. It can be subscribed to by sending a message +with a subject of @samp{subscribe} to +@example +<xemacs-request@@xemacs.org> +@end example +for subscription information and +@example +<xemacs@@xemacs.org> +@end example +to send messages to the list. + +To cancel a subscription, you @strong{must} use the xemacs-request +address. Send a message with a subject of @samp{unsubscribe} to be +removed. + +@node Q1.0.7, Q1.0.8, Q1.0.6, Introduction +@section Where is the mailing list archived? + +The mailing list is archived in the directory +@example +<URL:ftp://ftp.xemacs.org:/pub/mlists/>. +@end example + +@node Q1.0.8, Q1.0.9, Q1.0.7, Introduction +@section How do you pronounce XEmacs? + +I pronounce it @samp{Eks eemax}. + +@node Q1.0.9, Q1.0.10, Q1.0.8, Introduction +@section What does XEmacs look like? + +Screen snapshots are available in the WWW version of the FAQ. + +@node Q1.0.10, Q1.0.11, Q1.0.9, Introduction +@section Is there a port of XEmacs to Microsoft ('95 or NT)? + +The closest is @dfn{Win-Emacs}, which is based on Lucid Emacs 19.6. +Available from <URL:http://www.pearlsoft.com/>. Someone at Microsoft +expressed some interest in working on a port of 19.14 to NT, but never +went any farther. + +There's a port of GNU Emacs (not XEmacs) at +@example +<URL:http://www.cs.washington.edu/homes/voelker/ntemacs.html>. +@end example + +@node Q1.0.11, Q1.0.12, Q1.0.10, Introduction +@section Is there a port of XEmacs to the Macintosh? + +There has been a port to the MachTen environment of XEmacs 19.13, but no +patches have been submitted to the maintainers to get this in the +mainstream distribution. + +@node Q1.0.12, Q1.0.13, Q1.0.11, Introduction +@section Is there a port of XEmacs to NextStep? + +Carl Edman, apparently no longer at <cedman@@princeton.edu>, did the +port of GNU Emacs to NeXTstep and expressed interest in doing the XEmacs +port, but never went any farther. + +@node Q1.0.13, Q1.1.1, Q1.0.12, Introduction +@section Is there a port of XEmacs to OS/2? + +No, and there is no news of anyone working on it. + +@node Q1.1.1, Q1.1.2, Q1.0.13, Introduction +@section What is the FAQ editorial policy? + +The FAQ is actively maintained and modified regularly. All links should +be up to date. + +Changes are displayed on a monthly basis. @dfn{Months}, for this +purpose are defined as the 5th of the month through the 5th of the +month. Preexisting questions that have been changed are marked as such. +Brand new questions are tagged. + +All submissions are welcome. E-mail submissions to +<steve@@altair.xemacs.org>. + +Please make sure that @samp{XEmacs FAQ} appears on the Subject: line. +If you think you have a better way of answering a question, or think a +question should be included, I'd like to hear about it. Questions and +answers included into the FAQ will be edited for spelling and grammar, +and will be attributed. Answers appearing without attribution are +either from versions of the FAQ dated before May 1996, or are from one +of the four people listed at the top of this document. Answers quoted +from Usenet news articles will always be attributed, regardless of the +author. + +@node Q1.1.2, Q1.1.3, Q1.1.1, Introduction +@section How do I become a Beta Tester? + +Send an email message to <xemacs-beta-request@@xemacs.org> with a +subject line of @samp{subscribe}. Fill out and return the questionaire +you get back, and you will receive the password to get at the current +beta. + +Be prepared to get your hands dirty, as beta testers are expected to +identify problems as best they can. + +@node Q1.1.3, Q1.2.1, Q1.1.2, Introduction +@section How do I contribute to XEmacs itself? + +Ben Wing <ben@@666.com> writes: + +@quotation +BTW if you have a wish list of things that you want added, you have to +speak up about it! More specifically, you can do the following if you +want a feature added (in increasing order of usefulness): + +@itemize @bullet +@item +Make a posting about a feature you want added. + +@item +Become a beta tester and make more postings about those same features. + +@item +Convince us that you're going to use the features in some cool and +useful way. + +@item +Come up with a clear and well-thought-out API concerning the features. + +@item +Write the code to implement a feature and send us a patch. +@end itemize + +(not that we're necessarily requiring you to write the code, but we can +always hope :) +@end quotation + +@node Q1.2.1, Q1.2.2, Q1.1.3, Introduction +@section Who wrote XEmacs? + +XEmacs is the result of the time and effort of many people. The +developers responsible for the 19.15/20.0 release are: + +@itemize @bullet +@item Martin Buchholz <mrb@@eng.sun.com> + +@item Steve Baur <steve@@altair.xemacs.org> +@end itemize + +The developers responsible for the 19.14 release are: + +@itemize @bullet +@item Chuck Thompson <cthomp@@xemacs.org> + +Chuck was Mr. XEmacs from 19.11 through 19.14, and is responsible +for XEmacs becoming a widely distributed program over the Internet. + +@item Ben Wing <ben@@666.com> +@end itemize + +Jamie Zawinski was Mr. Lucid Emacs from 19.0 through 19.10, the last +release actually named Lucid Emacs. Richard Mlynarik was crucial to +most of those releases. + +@itemize @bullet +@item Jamie Zawinski <jwz@@netscape.com> + +@item Richard Mlynarik <mly@@adoc.xerox.com> +@end itemize + +Along with many other contributors, partially enumerated in the +@samp{About XEmacs} option in the Help menu. + +@node Q1.2.2, Q1.2.3, Q1.2.1, Introduction +@section Who contributed to this version of the FAQ? + +The following people contributed valuable suggestions to building this +version of the FAQ (listed in alphabetical order): + +@itemize @bullet +@item Per Abrahamsen <abraham@@dina.kvl.dk> + +@item Vladimir Alexiev <vladimir@@cs.ualberta.ca> + +@item Martin Buchholz <Martin.Buchholz@@sun.com> + +@item Brian Denheyer <briand@@iccom.com> + +@item Markus Gutschke <gutschk@@ESCHER.UNI-MUENSTER.DE> + +@item David Kastrup <dak@@fsnif.neuroinformatik.ruhr-uni-bochum.de> + +@item Natalie Kershaw <nataliek@@rd.scitec.com.au> + +@item John Turner <turner@@lanl.gov> + +@item David Vanderschel <DvdS@@eden.com> +@end itemize + +@node Q1.2.3, Q1.3.1, Q1.2.2, Introduction +@section Who contributed to the FAQ in the past? + +This is only a partial list, as many names were lost in a hard disk +crash some time ago. + +@itemize @bullet +@item Curtis.N.Bingham <binge@@aloft.att.com> + +@item Richard Caley <rjc@@cogsci.ed.ac.uk> + +@item William G. Dubuque <wgd@@martigny.ai.mit.edu> + +@item Eric Eide <eeide@@cs.utah.edu> + +@item Chris Flatters <cflatter@@nrao.edu> + +@item Evelyn Ginsparg <ginsparg@@adra.com> + +@item Marty Hall <hall@@aplcenmp.apl.jhu.edu> + +@item Arup Mukherjee <arup+@@cmu.edu> + +@item Juergen Nickelsen <nickel@@prz.tu-berlin.de> + +@item Kevin R. Powell <powell@@csl.ncsa.uiuc.edu> + +@item Stig <stig@@hackvan.com> +@end itemize + +@node Q1.3.1, Q1.3.2, Q1.2.3, Introduction +@section What is the status of XEmacs v20? + +XEmacs v20 is the version of XEmacs that includes MULE (Asian-language) +support. It's currently in late beta and the tentative release date for +20.0 is for mid February. When compiled without MULE support 20.0 is +currently very similar to 19.15 (except for some changes to the +byte-code format, some new primitive types including @code{char}, +@code{char-table}, and @code{range-table}) and equally stable. + +@node Q1.3.2, Q1.3.3, Q1.3.1, Introduction +@section What is the status of Asian-language support, aka MULE? + +The MULE support works OK but still needs a fair amount of work before +it's really solid. We could definitely use some help here, esp. people +who speak Japanese and will use XEmacs/MULE to work with Japanese and +have some experience with E-Lisp. Martin Buchholz +<Martin.Buchholz@@sun.com> is working full-time on this currently. If +you can help out here, @xref{Q1.1.2}. + +@node Q1.3.3, Q1.3.4, Q1.3.2, Introduction +@section How do I type non-ASCII characters? + +See question 3.5.7 (@xref{Q3.5.7}) in part 3 of this FAQ. + +@node Q1.3.4, Q1.3.5, Q1.3.3, Introduction +@section Can XEmacs messages come out in a different language? + +The message-catalog support has mostly been written but doesn't +currently work. The first release of XEmacs 20 will @emph{not} support +it. However, menubar localization @emph{does} work, even in 19.14. To +enable it, add to your @file{Emacs} file entries like this: + +@example +Emacs*XlwMenu.resourceLabels: True +Emacs*XlwMenu.file.labelString: Fichier +Emacs*XlwMenu.openInOtherWindow.labelString: In anderem Fenster offnen +@end example + +The name of the resource is derived from the non-localized entry by +removing punctuation and capitalizing as above. Martin Buchholz +<Martin.Buchholz@@sun.com> is working on adding support for Asian +language menubar localization to XEmacs 20. + +@node Q1.3.5, Q1.3.6, Q1.3.4, Introduction +@section Please explain the various input methods in MULE/XEmacs 20.0 + +MORIOKA Tomohiko <morioka@@jaist.ac.jp> writes: + +@quotation +Original Mule supports following input methods: Wnn4, Wnn6, Canna, SJ3 +and XIM. Interfaces for Wnn and SJ3 uses the @code{egg} user +interface. Interface for Canna does not use @samp{egg}. I don't know +about XIM. It is to support ATOK, of course, it may work for another +servers. + +Wnn supports Japanese, Chinese and Korean. It is made by OMRON and Kyôto +university. It is a powerful and complex system. Wnn4 is free and Wnn6 +is not free. + +Canna supports only Japanese. It is made by NEC. It is a simple and +powerful system. Canna uses only grammar (Wnn uses grammar and +probability between words), so I think Wnn is cleverer than Canna, +however Canna users made a good grammar and dictionary. So for standard +modern Japanese, Canna seems cleverer than Wnn4. In addition, the UNIX +version of Canna is free (now there is a Microsoft Windows version). + +SJ3 supports only Japanese. It is made by Sony. XIM supports was made +to use ATOK (a major input method in personal computer world). XIM is +the standard for accessing input methods bundled in Japanese versions of +Solaris. (XEmacs 20 will support XIM input). + +Egg consists of following parts: + +@enumerate +@item Input character Translation System (ITS) layer. +It translates ASCII inputs to Kana/PinYin/Hangul characters. + +@item Kana/PinYin/Hangul to Kanji transfer layer. +It is +interface layer for network Kana-Kanji server (Wnn and Sj3). +@end enumerate + +These input methods are modal, namely there are mode, alphabet mode and +Kana-Kanji transfer mode. However there are mode-less input methods for +Egg and Canna. @samp{Boiled-egg} is a mode-less input method running on +Egg. For Canna, @samp{canna.el} has a tiny boiled-egg like command, +@code{(canna-boil)}, and there are some boiled-egg like utilities. In +addition, it was planned to make an abstraction for all transfer type +input methods. However authors of input methods are busy, so maybe this +plan is stopped. Perhaps after Mule merged GNU Emacs will be released, +it will be continued. +@end quotation + +@node Q1.3.6, Q1.3.7, Q1.3.5, Introduction +@section How do I portably code for MULE/XEmacs 20.0? + +MORIOKA Tomohiko <morioka@@jaist.ac.jp> writes: + +@quotation +MULE and XEmacs are quite different. So the application +implementor must write separate code for these mule variants. + +MULE and the next version of Emacs are similar but the symbols are very +different---requiring separate code as well. + +Namely we must support 3 kinds of mule variants and 4 or 5 or 6 kinds of +emacs variants... (;_;) I'm shocked, so I wrote a wrapper package called +@code{emu} to provide a common interface. + +I have the following suggestions about dealing with mule variants: + +@itemize @bullet +@item +@code{(featurep 'mule)} @code{t} on all mule variants + +@item +@code{(boundp 'MULE)} is @code{t} on only MULE. Maybe the next version +of Emacs will not have this symbol. + +@item +MULE has a variable @code{mule-version}. Perhaps the next version of +Emacs will have this variable as well. +@end itemize + +Following is a sample to distinguish mule variants: + +@lisp +(if (featurep 'mule) + (cond ((boundp 'MULE) + ;; for original Mule + ) + ((string-match "XEmacs" emacs-version) + ;; for XEmacs with Mule + ) + (t + ;; for next version of Emacs + )) + ;; for old emacs variants + ) +@end lisp +@end quotation + +@node Q1.3.7, Q1.4.1, Q1.3.6, Introduction +@section How about Cyrillic Modes? + +Ilya Zakharevich <ilya@@math.ohio-state.edu> writes: + +@quotation +There is a cyrillic mode in the file @file{mysetup.zip} in +<URL:ftp://ftp.math.ohio-state.edu/pub/users/ilya/emacs/>. This is a +modification to Valery Alexeev's <ava@@math.jhu.ed> @file{russian.el} +which can be obtained from +<URL:ftp://tut.cis.ohio-state.edu/pub/gnu/emacs/elisp-archive/packages/russian.el.Z>. +@end quotation + +Dima Barsky <d.barsky@@ee.surrey.ac.uk> writes: + +@quotation +There is another cyrillic mode for both GNU Emacs and XEmacs by Dmitrii +(Mitya) Manin <manin@@camelot.mssm.edu> at +<URL:http://camelot.mssm.edu/~manin/cyr.el>. +@end quotation + +@node Q1.4.1, Q1.4.2, Q1.3.7, Introduction +@section What is a @file{.emacs} and is there a sample one? + +The @file{.emacs} file is used to customize XEmacs to your tastes. No +two are alike, nor are they expected to be alike, but that's the point. +The XEmacs distribution contains an excellent starter example in the etc +directory called @file{sample.emacs}. Copy this file from there to your +home directory and rename it @file{.emacs}. Then edit it to suit. + +Starting with 19.14, you may bring the @file{sample.emacs} into an +XEmacs buffer by selecting @samp{Help->Sample .emacs} from the menubar. +To determine the location of the @file{etc} directory type the command +@kbd{C-h v data-directory RET}. + +@node Q1.4.2, Q1.4.3, Q1.4.1, Introduction +@section Can I use the same @file{.emacs} with the other Emacs? + +Yes. The sample @file{.emacs} included in the XEmacs distribution will +show you how to handle different versions and flavors of Emacs. + +@node Q1.4.3, Q1.4.4, Q1.4.2, Introduction +@section Any good tutorials around? + +There's the XEmacs tutorial available from the Help Menu, or by typing +@kbd{C-h t}. + +There's an Emacs Lisp tutorial at + +@example +<URL:ftp://prep.ai.mit.edu/pub/gnu/emacs-lisp-intro-1.04.tar.gz>. +@end example + +Erik Sundermann <erik@@petaxp.rug.ac.be> has made a tutorial web page at +<URL:http://petaxp.rug.ac.be/~erik/xemacs/>. + +@node Q1.4.4, Q1.4.5, Q1.4.3, Introduction +@section May I see an example of a useful XEmacs Lisp function? + +The following function does a little bit of everything useful. It does +something with the prefix argument, it examines the text around the +cursor, and it's interactive so it may be bound to a key. It inserts +copies of the current word the cursor is sitting on at the cursor. If +you give it a prefix argument: @kbd{C-u 3 M-x double-word} then it will +insert 3 copies. + +@lisp +(defun double-word (count) + "Insert a copy of the current word underneath the cursor" + (interactive "*p") + (let (here there string) + (save-excursion + (forward-word -1) + (setq here (point)) + (forward-word 1) + (setq there (point)) + (setq string (buffer-substring here there))) + (while (>= count 1) + (progn + (insert string) + (setq count (1- count)))))) +@end lisp + +The best way to see what is going on here is to let XEmacs tell you. +Put the code into an XEmacs buffer, and do a @kbd{C-h f} with the cursor +sitting just to the right of the function you want explained. Eg. move +the cursor to the SPACE between @code{interactive} and @samp{"*p"} and +hit @kbd{C-h f} to see what the function @code{interactive} does. Doing +this will tell you that the @code{*} requires a writable buffer, and +@code{p} converts the prefix argument to a number, and +@code{interactive} allows you to execute the command with @kbd{M-x}. + +@node Q1.4.5, Q1.4.6, Q1.4.4, Introduction +@section And how do I bind it to a key? + +To bind to a key do: + +@lisp +(global-set-key "\C-cd" 'double-word) +@end lisp + +Or interactively, @kbd{M-x global-set-key} and follow the prompts. + +Jari Aalto has written a guide to Emacs keys binding, available at +<URL:ftp://cs.uta.fi/pub/ssjaaa/ema-keys.gui>. + +@node Q1.4.6, Q1.4.7, Q1.4.5, Introduction +@section What's the difference between a macro and a function? + +Quoting from the Lisp Reference (a.k.a @dfn{lispref}) Manual: + +@dfn{Macros} enable you to define new control constructs and other +language features. A macro is defined much like a function, but instead +of telling how to compute a value, it tells how to compute another Lisp +expression which will in turn compute the value. We call this +expression the @dfn{expansion} of the macro. + +Macros can do this because they operate on the unevaluated expressions +for the arguments, not on the argument values as functions do. They can +therefore construct an expansion containing these argument expressions +or parts of them. + +@node Q1.4.7, , Q1.4.6, Introduction +@section How come options saved with 19.13 don't work with 19.14 or 20.0? + +There's a problem with options of the form: + +@lisp +(add-spec-list-to-specifier (face-property 'searchm-field 'font) + '((global (nil)))) +@end lisp + +saved by a 19.13 XEmacs that causes a 19.14 XEmacs grief. You must +delete these options. 19.14 and later no longer write the options +directly to @file{.emacs} which should allow us to deal with version +incompatibilities better in the future. + +Options saved under XEmacs 19.13 are protected by code that specifically +requires a version 19 XEmacs. This won't be a problem unless you're +testing XEmacs v20. You should consider changing the code to read: + +@lisp +(cond + ((and (string-match "XEmacs" emacs-version) + (boundp 'emacs-major-version) + (or (and (= emacs-major-version 19) + (>= emacs-minor-version 12)) + (>= emacs-major-version 20))) + ... +@end lisp + +@node Installation, Customization, Introduction, Top +@chapter Installation and Trouble Shooting + +This is part 2 of the XEmacs Frequently Asked Questions list. This +section is devoted to Installation, Maintenance and Trouble Shooting. + +@menu +Installation: +* Q2.0.1:: Running XEmacs without installing. +* Q2.0.2:: XEmacs is too big. +* Q2.0.3:: Compiling XEmacs with Netaudio. +* Q2.0.4:: Problems with Linux and ncurses. +* Q2.0.5:: Do I need X11 to run XEmacs? +* Q2.0.6:: I'm having strange crashes. What do I do? +* Q2.0.7:: Libraries in non-standard locations. +* Q2.0.8:: can't resolve symbol _h_errno +* Q2.0.9:: Where do I find external libraries? +* Q2.0.10:: After I run configure I find a coredump, is something wrong? +* Q2.0.11:: XEmacs can't resolve host names. +* Q2.0.12:: Why can't I strip XEmacs? +* Q2.0.13:: Can't link XEmacs on Solaris with Gcc. + +Trouble Shooting: +* Q2.1.1:: XEmacs just crashed on me! +* Q2.1.2:: Cryptic Minibuffer messages. +* Q2.1.3:: Translation Table Syntax messages at Startup. +* Q2.1.4:: Startup warnings about deducing proper fonts? +* Q2.1.5:: XEmacs cannot connect to my X Terminal. +* Q2.1.6:: XEmacs just locked up my Linux X server. +* Q2.1.7:: HP Alt key as Meta. +* Q2.1.8:: got (wrong-type-argument color-instance-p nil)! +* Q2.1.9:: XEmacs causes my OpenWindows 3.0 server to crash. +* Q2.1.10:: Warnings from incorrect key modifiers. +* Q2.1.11:: @samp{wrong type argument: bufferp, "......"}. +* Q2.1.12:: Regular Expression Problems on DEC OSF1. +* Q2.1.13:: HP/UX 10.10 and @code{create_process} failure +* Q2.1.14:: @kbd{C-g} doesn't work for me. Is it broken? +* Q2.1.15:: How to debug an XEmacs problem with a debugger. +* Q2.1.16:: XEmacs crashes in @code{strcat} on HP/UX 10. +* Q2.1.17:: @samp{Marker does not point anywhere}. +* Q2.1.18:: 19.14 hangs on HP/UX 10.10. +* Q2.1.19:: XEmacs does not follow the local timezone. +* Q2.1.20:: @samp{Symbol's function definition is void: hkey-help-show.} +* Q2.1.21:: Every so often the XEmacs frame freezes. +@end menu + +@node Q2.0.1, Q2.0.2, Installation, Installation +@section Running XEmacs without installing + +The @file{INSTALL} file says that up to 108 MB of space is needed +temporarily during installation! How can I just try it out? + +XEmacs will run in place without requiring installation and copying of +the Lisp directories, and without having to specify a special build-time +flag. It's the copying of the Lisp directories that requires so much +space. XEmacs is largely written in Lisp. + +A good method is to make a shell alias for xemacs: + +@example +alias xemacs=/i/xemacs-19.14/src/xemacs +@end example + +(You will obviously use whatever directory you downloaded the source +tree to instead of @file{/i/xemacs-19.14}). + +This will let you run XEmacs without massive copying. + +@node Q2.0.2, Q2.0.3, Q2.0.1, Installation +@section XEmacs is too big + +Steve Baur <steve@@altair.xemacs.org> writes: + +@quotation +The 45MB of space required by the installation directories can be +reduced dramatically if desired. Gzip all the .el files. Remove all +the packages you'll never want to use (or even ones you do like the two +obsolete mailcrypts and Gnus 4 in 19.13). Remove the TexInfo manuals. +Remove the Info (and use just hardcopy versions of the manual). Remove +most of the stuff in etc. Remove or gzip all the source code. Gzip or +remove the C source code. Configure it so that copies are not made of +the support lisp. I'm not advocating any of these things, just pointing +out ways to reduce the disk requirements if desired. + +Now examine the space used by directory: + +@example +0 /usr/local/bin/xemacs +2048 /usr/local/bin/xemacs-19.13 + +1546 /usr/local/lib/xemacs-19.13/i486-miranova-sco3.2v4.2 +1158 /usr/local/lib/xemacs-19.13/i486-unknown-linux1.2.13 +@end example + +You need to keep these. XEmacs isn't stripped by default in +installation, you should consider stripping. That will save you about +5MB right there. + +@example +207 /usr/local/lib/xemacs-19.13/etc/w3 +122 /usr/local/lib/xemacs-19.13/etc/sounds +18 /usr/local/lib/xemacs-19.13/etc/sparcworks +159 /usr/local/lib/xemacs-19.13/etc/vm +6 /usr/local/lib/xemacs-19.13/etc/e +21 /usr/local/lib/xemacs-19.13/etc/eos +172 /usr/local/lib/xemacs-19.13/etc/toolbar +61 /usr/local/lib/xemacs-19.13/etc/ns +43 /usr/local/lib/xemacs-19.13/etc/gnus +@end example + +These are support directories for various packages. In general they +match a directory under ./xemacs-19.13/lib/xemacs-19.13/lisp/. If you +do not require the package, you may delete or gzip the support too. + +@example +1959 /usr/local/lib/xemacs-19.13/etc +175 /usr/local/lib/xemacs-19.13/lisp/bytecomp +340 /usr/local/lib/xemacs-19.13/lisp/calendar +342 /usr/local/lib/xemacs-19.13/lisp/comint +517 /usr/local/lib/xemacs-19.13/lisp/dired +42 /usr/local/lib/xemacs-19.13/lisp/electric +212 /usr/local/lib/xemacs-19.13/lisp/emulators +238 /usr/local/lib/xemacs-19.13/lisp/energize +289 /usr/local/lib/xemacs-19.13/lisp/gnus +457 /usr/local/lib/xemacs-19.13/lisp/ilisp +1439 /usr/local/lib/xemacs-19.13/lisp/modes +2276 /usr/local/lib/xemacs-19.13/lisp/packages +1040 /usr/local/lib/xemacs-19.13/lisp/prim +176 /usr/local/lib/xemacs-19.13/lisp/pcl-cvs +154 /usr/local/lib/xemacs-19.13/lisp/rmail +3 /usr/local/lib/xemacs-19.13/lisp/epoch +45 /usr/local/lib/xemacs-19.13/lisp/term +860 /usr/local/lib/xemacs-19.13/lisp/utils +851 /usr/local/lib/xemacs-19.13/lisp/vm +13 /usr/local/lib/xemacs-19.13/lisp/vms +157 /usr/local/lib/xemacs-19.13/lisp/x11 +19 /usr/local/lib/xemacs-19.13/lisp/tooltalk +14 /usr/local/lib/xemacs-19.13/lisp/sunpro +291 /usr/local/lib/xemacs-19.13/lisp/games +198 /usr/local/lib/xemacs-19.13/lisp/edebug +619 /usr/local/lib/xemacs-19.13/lisp/w3 +229 /usr/local/lib/xemacs-19.13/lisp/eos +55 /usr/local/lib/xemacs-19.13/lisp/iso +59 /usr/local/lib/xemacs-19.13/lisp/mailcrypt +187 /usr/local/lib/xemacs-19.13/lisp/eterm +356 /usr/local/lib/xemacs-19.13/lisp/ediff +408 /usr/local/lib/xemacs-19.13/lisp/hyperbole/kotl +1262 /usr/local/lib/xemacs-19.13/lisp/hyperbole +247 /usr/local/lib/xemacs-19.13/lisp/hm--html-menus +161 /usr/local/lib/xemacs-19.13/lisp/mh-e +299 /usr/local/lib/xemacs-19.13/lisp/viper +53 /usr/local/lib/xemacs-19.13/lisp/oobr/tree-x +4 /usr/local/lib/xemacs-19.13/lisp/oobr/tree-nx/English.lproj/DocWindow.nib +3 /usr/local/lib/xemacs-19.13/lisp/oobr/tree-nx/English.lproj/InfoPanel.nib +3 /usr/local/lib/xemacs-19.13/lisp/oobr/tree-nx/English.lproj/TreeView.nib +11 /usr/local/lib/xemacs-19.13/lisp/oobr/tree-nx/English.lproj +53 /usr/local/lib/xemacs-19.13/lisp/oobr/tree-nx +466 /usr/local/lib/xemacs-19.13/lisp/oobr +14142 /usr/local/lib/xemacs-19.13/lisp +@end example + +These are all Emacs Lisp source code and bytecompiled object code. You +may safely gzip everything named *.el here. You may remove any package +you don't use. @emph{Nothing bad will happen if you delete a package +that you do not use}. You must be sure you do not use it though, so be +conservative at first. + +Possible candidates for deletion include w3 (newer versions exist, or +you may just use Lynx or Netscape for web browsing), games, hyperbole, +mh-e, hm--html-menus (better packages exist), vm, viper, oobr, gnus (new +versions exist), etc. Ask yourself, @emph{Do I ever want to use this +package?} If the answer is no, then it is a candidate for removal. + +First, gzip all the .el files. Then go about package by package and +start gzipping the .elc files. Then run XEmacs and do whatever it is +you normally do. If nothing bad happens, then delete the directory. Be +conservative about deleting directories, and it would be handy to have a +backup tape around in case you get too zealous. + +@file{prim}, @file{modes}, @file{packages}, and @file{utils} are four +directories you definitely do @strong{not} want to delete, although +certain packages can be removed from them if you do not use them. + +@example +1972 /usr/local/lib/xemacs-19.13/info +@end example + +These are online texinfo sources. You may either gzip them or remove +them. In either case, @kbd{C-h i} (info mode) will no longer work. + +@example +20778 /usr/local/lib/xemacs-19.13 +@end example + +The 20MB achieved is less than half of what the full distribution takes up, +@strong{and} can be achieved without deleting a single file. +@end quotation + +giacomo boffi <boffi@@hp735.stru.polimi.it> provides this procedure: + +@quotation +Substitute @file{/usr/local/lib/} with the path where the xemacs tree is +rooted, then use this script: + +@example +#!/bin/sh + +r=/usr/local/lib/xemacs-19.13/lisp + +cd $r ; rm -f cmpr ; touch cmpr + +du -s . + +for d in * ; do + if test -d $d ; then + cd $d + for f in *.el ; do +# compress (remove) only (ONLY) the sources that have a +# corresponding compiled file --- do not (DO NOT) touch other +# sources + if test -f $@{f@}c ; then gzip -v9 $f >> $r/cmpr ; fi + done + cd .. + fi +done + +du -s . +@end example + +A step beyond would be substituting @samp{rm -f} for @samp{gzip -v9}, +but you have to be desperate for removing the sources (remember that +emacs can access compressed files transparently). + +Also, a good megabyte could easily be trimmed from the $r/../etc +directory, e.g., the termcap files, some O+NEWS, others that I don't +remember as well. +@end quotation + +@node Q2.0.3, Q2.0.4, Q2.0.2, Installation +@section Compiling XEmacs with Netaudio. + +What is the best way to compile XEmacs with the netaudio system, since I +have got the netaudio system compiled but installed at a weird place, I +am not root. Also in the READMEs it does not say anything about +compiling with the audioserver? + +You should only need to add some stuff to the configure command line. +To tell it to compile in netaudio support: @samp{--with-sound=both}, or +@samp{--with-sound=nas} if you don't want native sound support for some +reason.) To tell it where to find the netaudio includes and libraries: @example -xemacs-request@@cs.uiuc.edu +--site-libraries=WHATEVER +--site-includes=WHATEVER +@end example + +Then (fingers crossed) it should compile and it will use netaudio if you +have a server running corresponding to the X server. The netaudio server +has to be there when XEmacs starts. If the netaudio server goes away and +another is run, XEmacs should cope (fingers crossed, error handling in +netaudio isn't perfect). + +BTW, netaudio has been renamed as it has a name clash with something +else, so if you see references to NAS or Network Audio System, it's the +same thing. It also might be found at +<URL:ftp.x.org:/contrib/audio/nas/>. + +@node Q2.0.4, Q2.0.5, Q2.0.3, Installation +@section Problems with Linux and ncurses. + +On Linux 1.3.98 with termcap 2.0.8 and the ncurses that came with libc +5.2.18, xemacs 20.0b20 is unable to open a tty device: + +@example +src/xemacs -nw -q +Initialization error: Terminal type `xterm' undefined (or can't access database?) +@end example + +Ben Wing <ben@@666.com> writes: + +@quotation +Your ncurses configuration is messed up. Your /usr/lib/terminfo is a +bad pointer, perhaps to a CD-ROM that is not inserted. +@end quotation + +@node Q2.0.5, Q2.0.6, Q2.0.4, Installation +@section Do I need X11 to run XEmacs? + +No. The name @dfn{XEmacs} is unfortunate in the sense that it is +@strong{not} an X Window System-only version of Emacs. Starting with +19.14 XEmacs has full color support on a color capable character +terminal. + +@node Q2.0.6, Q2.0.7, Q2.0.5, Installation +@section I'm having strange crashes. What do I do? + +There have been a variety of reports of crashes due to compilers with +buggy optimizers. Please see the @file{PROBLEMS} file that comes with +XEmacs to read what it says about your platform. + +@node Q2.0.7, Q2.0.8, Q2.0.6, Installation +@section Libraries in non-standard locations + +I have x-faces, jpeg, xpm etc. all in different places. I've tried +space-separated, comma-separated, several --site-libraries, all to no +avail. + +@example +--site-libraries='/path/one /path/two /path/etc' +@end example + +@node Q2.0.8, Q2.0.9, Q2.0.7, Installation +@section can't resolve symbol _h_errno + +You are using the Linux/ELF distribution of XEmacs 19.14, and your ELF +libraries are out of date. You have the following options: + +@enumerate +@item +Upgrade your libc to at least 5.2.16 (better is 5.2.18, 5.3.12, or +5.4.10). + +@item +Patch the XEmacs binary by replacing all occurrences of +@samp{_h_errno^@@} with @samp{h_errno^@@^@@}. Any version of Emacs will +suffice. If you don't understand how to do this, don't do it. + +@item +Rebuild XEmacs yourself -- any working ELF version of libc should be +O.K. +@end enumerate + +Hrvoje Niksic <hniksic@@srce.hr> writes: + +@quotation +Why not use a Perl one-liner for No. 2? + +@example +perl -pi -e 's/_h_errno\0/h_errno\0\0/g' /usr/local/bin/xemacs-19.14 +@end example + +NB: You @emph{must} patch @file{/usr/local/bin/xemacs-19.14}, and not +@file{xemacs} because @file{xemacs} is a link to @file{xemacs-19.14}; +the Perl @samp{-i} option will cause unwanted side-effects if applied to +a symbolic link. +@end quotation + +@node Q2.0.9, Q2.0.10, Q2.0.8, Installation +@section Where do I find external libraries? + +All external libraries used by XEmacs can be found at the XEmacs FTP +site <URL:ftp://ftp.xemacs.org/pub/aux/>. + +The canonical locations are as follows: + +@table @asis +@item JPEG +<URL:ftp://ftp.netcom.com/pub/tg/tgl/uunet/>, mirrored at +<URL:ftp://ftp.uu.net/graphics/jpeg/>. Version 6a is current. + +@item XPM +<URL:ftp://ftp.x.org/contrib/libraries/>. Version 3.4j is current. +Older versions of this package are known to cause XEmacs crashes. + +@item TIFF +<URL:ftp://ftp.sgi.com/graphics/tiff/>. v3.4 is current. The latest +beta is v3.4b035. There is a HOWTO here. + +@item PNG +<URL:ftp://ftp.uu.net/graphics/png/>. 0.89c is current. XEmacs +requires a fairly recent version to avoid using temporary files. + +<URL:ftp://swrinde.nde.swri.edu/pub/png/src/> + +@item Compface +<URL:ftp://ftp.cs.indiana.edu/pub/faces/compface/>. This library has +been frozen for about 6 years, and is distributed without version +numbers. @emph{It should be compiled with the same options that X11 was +compiled with on your system}. The version of this library at +XEmacs.org includes the @file{xbm2xface.pl} script, written by +stig@@hackvan.com, which may be useful when generating your own xface. + +@item NAS +<URL:ftp://ftp.x.org/contrib/audio/nas/>. +Version 1.2p5 is current. There is a FAQ here. +@end table + +@node Q2.0.10, Q2.0.11, Q2.0.9, Installation +@section After I run configure I find a coredump, is something wrong? + +Not necessarily. If you have GNU sed 3.0 you should downgrade it to +2.05. From the @file{README} at prep.ai.mit.edu: + +@quotation +sed 3.0 has been withdrawn from distribution. It has major revisions, +which mostly seem to be improvements; but it turns out to have bugs too +which cause trouble in some common cases. + +Tom Lord won't be able to work fixing the bugs until May. So in the +mean time, we've decided to withdraw sed 3.0 from distribution and make +version 2.05 once again the recommended version. +@end quotation + +It has also been observed that the vfork test on Solaris will leave a +coredump. + +@node Q2.0.11, Q2.0.12, Q2.0.10, Installation +@section XEmacs doesn't resolve hostnames. + +This is the result of a long-standing problem with SunOS and the fact +that stock SunOS systems do not ship with DNS resolver code in libc. + +Christopher Davis <ckd@@loiosh.kei.com> writes: + +@quotation +That's correct [The SunOS 4.1.3 precompiled binaries don't do name +lookup]. Since Sun figured that everyone used NIS to do name lookups +(that DNS thing was apparently only a passing fad, right?), the stock +SunOS 4.x systems don't have DNS-based name lookups in libc. + +This is also why Netscape ships two binaries for SunOS 4.1.x. + +The best solution is to compile it yourself; the configure script will +check to see if you've put DNS in the shared libc and will then proceed +to link against the DNS resolver library code. +@end quotation + +@node Q2.0.12, Q2.0.13, Q2.0.11, Installation +@section Why can't I strip XEmacs? + +Richard Cognot <cognot@@fronsac.ensg.u-nancy.fr> writes: + +@quotation +Because of the way XEmacs (and every other Emacsen, AFAIK) is built. The +link gives you a bare-boned emacs (called temacs). temacs is then run, +preloading some of the lisp files. The result is then dumped into a new +executable, named xemacs, which will contain all of the preloaded lisp +functions and data. + +Now, during the dump itself, the executable (code+data+symbols) is +written on disk using a special unexec() function. This function is +obviously heavily system dependent. And on some systems, it leads to an +executable which, although valid, cannot be stripped without damage. If +memory serves, this is especially the case for AIX binaries. On other +architecture it might work OK. + +The Right Way to strip the emacs binary is to strip temacs prior to +dumping xemacs. This will always work, although you can do that only if +you install from sources (as temacs is @file{not} part of the binary +kits). +@end quotation + +Nat Makarevitch <nat@@nataa.fr.eu.org> writes: + +@quotation +Here is the trick: + +@enumerate +@item +[ configure; make ] + +@item +cd src + +@item +rm xemacs + +@item +strip temacs + +@item +cd .. + +@item +make + +@item +cp src/xemacs /usr/local/bin/xemacs + +@item +cp lib-src/DOC-19.14-XEmacs /usr/local/lib/xemacs-19.14/i586-unknown-linuxaout +@end enumerate +@end quotation + +@node Q2.0.13, Q2.1.1, Q2.0.12, Installation +@section Problems linking with Gcc on Solaris + +There are known difficulties linking with Gnu ld on Solaris. A typical +error message might look like: + +@example +unexec(): dlopen(../dynodump/dynodump.so): ld.so.1: ./temacs: +fatal: relocation error: +symbol not found: main: referenced in ../dynodump/dynodump.so +@end example + +Martin Buchholz <mrb@@eng.sun.com> writes: + +@quotation +You need to specify @samp{-fno-gnu-linker} as part of your flags to pass +to ld. Future releases of XEmacs will try to do this automatically. +@end quotation + +@node Q2.1.1, Q2.1.2, Q2.0.13, Installation +@section Help! XEmacs just crashed on me! + +First of all, don't panic. Whenever XEmacs crashes, it tries extremely +hard to auto-save all of your files before dying. (The main time that +this will not happen is if the machine physically lost power or if you +killed the XEmacs process using @code{kill -9}). The next time you try +to edit those files, you will be informed that a more recent auto-save +file exists. You can use @kbd{M-x recover-file} to retrieve the +auto-saved version of the file. + +Starting with 19.14, you may use the command @kbd{M-x recover-session} +after a crash to pick up where you left off. + +Now, XEmacs is not perfect, and there may occasionally be times, or +particular sequences of actions, that cause it to crash. If you can +come up with a reproducible way of doing this (or even if you have a +pretty good memory of exactly what you were doing at the time), the +maintainers would be very interested in knowing about it. Post a +message to comp.emacs.xemacs or send mail to <crashes@@xemacs.org>. +Please note that the @samp{crashes} address is exclusively for crash +reports. + +If at all possible, include a stack backtrace of the core dump that was +produced. This shows where exactly things went wrong, and makes it much +easier to diagnose problems. To do this, you need to locate the core +file (it's called @file{core}, and is usually sitting in the directory +that you started XEmacs from, or your home directory if that other +directory was not writable). Then, go to that directory and execute a +command like: + +@example +gdb `which xemacs` core +@end example + +and then issue the command @samp{where} to get the stack backtrace. You +might have to use @code{dbx} or some similar debugger in place of +@code{gdb}. If you don't have any such debugger available, complain to +your system administrator. + +It's possible that a core file didn't get produced, in which case you're +out of luck. Go complain to your system administrator and tell him not +to disable core files by default. Also @xref{Q2.1.15} for tips and +techniques for dealing with a debugger. + +When making a problem report make sure that: + +@enumerate +@item +Report @strong{all} of the information output by XEmacs during the +crash. + +@item +You mention what O/S & Hardware you are running XEmacs on. + +@item +What version of XEmacs you are running. + +@item +What build options you are using. + +@item +If the problem is related to graphics, we will also need to know what +version of the X Window System you are running, and what window manager +you are using. + +@item +If the problem happened on a tty, please include the terminal type. +@end enumerate + +@node Q2.1.2, Q2.1.3, Q2.1.1, Installation +@section Cryptic Minibuffer messages. + +When I try to use some particular option of some particular package, I +get a cryptic error in the minibuffer. + +If you can't figure out what's going on, select Options/General +Options/Debug on Error from the Menubar and then try and make the error +happen again. This will give you a backtrace that may be enlightening. +If not, try reading through this FAQ; if that fails, you could try +posting to comp.emacs.xemacs (making sure to include the backtrace) and +someone may be able to help. If you can identify which Emacs lisp +source file the error is coming from you can get a more detailed stack +backtrace by doing the following: + +@enumerate +@item +Visit the .el file in an XEmacs buffer. + +@item +Issue the command @kbd{M-x eval-current-buffer}. + +@item +Reproduce the error. +@end enumerate + +Depending on the version of XEmacs, you may either select Edit->Show +Messages (19.13 and earlier) or Help->Recent Keystrokes/Messages (19.14 +and later) from the menubar to see the most recent messages. This +command is bound to @kbd{C-h l} by default. + +@node Q2.1.3, Q2.1.4, Q2.1.2, Installation +@section Translation Table Syntax messages at Startup + +I get tons of translation table syntax error messages during startup. +How do I get rid of them? + +There are two causes of this problem. The first usually only strikes +people using the prebuilt binaries. The culprit in both cases is the +file @file{XKeysymDB}. + +@itemize @bullet +@item +The binary cannot find the @file{XKeysymDB} file. The location is +hardcoded at compile time so if the system the binary was built on puts +it a different place than your system does, you have problems. To fix, +set the environment variable @var{XKEYSYMDB} to the location of the +@file{XKeysymDB} file on your system or to the location of the one +included with XEmacs which should be at +@file{<xemacs_root_directory>/lib/xemacs-19.14/etc/XKeysymDB}. + +@item +The binary is finding the XKeysymDB but it is out-of-date on your system +and does not contain the necessary lines. Either ask your system +administrator to replace it with the one which comes with XEmacs (which +is the stock R6 version and is backwards compatible) or set your +@var{XKEYSYMDB} variable to the location of XEmacs's described above. +@end itemize + +@node Q2.1.4, Q2.1.5, Q2.1.3, Installation +@section Startup warnings about deducing proper fonts? + +How can I avoid the startup warnings about deducing proper fonts? + +This is highly dependent on your installation, but try with the +following font as your base font for XEmacs and see what it does: + +@example +-adobe-courier-medium-r-*-*-*-120-*-*-*-*-iso8859-1 +@end example + +More precisely, do the following in your resource file: + +@example +Emacs.default.attributeFont: -adobe-courier-medium-r-*-*-*-120-*-*-*-*-iso8859-1 @end example -for subscription information and +If you just don't want to see the @samp{*Warnings*} buffer at startup +time, you can set this: + +@lisp +(setq display-warning-minimum-level 'error) +@end lisp + +The buffer still exists; it just isn't in your face. + +@node Q2.1.5, Q2.1.6, Q2.1.4, Installation +@section XEmacs cannot connect to my X Terminal! + +Help! I can not get XEmacs to display on my Envizex X-terminal! + +Try setting the @var{DISPLAY} variable using the numeric IP address of +the host you are running XEmacs from. + +@node Q2.1.6, Q2.1.7, Q2.1.5, Installation +@section XEmacs just locked up my Linux X server! + +Help! XEmacs just locked up my X server on my Linux box! + +There have been several reports of the X server locking up under Linux. +In all reported cases removing speedo and scaled fonts from the font +path corrected the problem. This can be done with the command +'@code{xset}. + +It is possible that using a font server may also solve the problem. + +@node Q2.1.7, Q2.1.8, Q2.1.6, Installation +@section HP Alt key as Meta. + +How can I make XEmacs recognize the Alt key of my HP workstation as a +Meta key? + +Put the following line into a file and load it with xmodmap(1) before +starting XEmacs: + +@example +remove Mod1 = Mode_switch +@end example + +@node Q2.1.8, Q2.1.9, Q2.1.7, Installation +@section got (wrong-type-argument color-instance-p nil) + +Natalie Kershaw <nataliek@@rd.scitec.com.au> writes: + +@quotation +I am trying to run xemacs 19.13 under X11R4. Whenever I move the mouse I +get the following error. Has anyone seen anything like this? This +doesn't occur on X11R5. + +@lisp +Signalling: (error "got (wrong-type-argument color-instance-p nil) and I don't know why!") +@end lisp +@end quotation + +dinos <map01kd@@gold.ac.uk> writes: + +@quotation +I think this is due to undefined resources; You need to define color +backgrounds and foregrounds into your @file{.../app-defaults/Emacs} +like: + +@example +*Foreground: Black ;everything will be of black on grey95, +*Background: Grey95 ;unless otherwise specified. +*cursorColor: Red3 ;red3 cursor with grey95 border. +*pointerColor: Red3 ;red3 pointer with grey95 border. +@end example +@end quotation + +Natalie Kershaw adds: + +@quotation +What fixed the problem was adding some more colors to the X color +database (copying the X11R5 colors over), and also defining the +following resources: + +@example +xemacs*cursorColor: black +xemacs*pointerColor: black +@end example + +With the new colours installed the problem still occurs if the above +resources are not defined. + +If the new colours are not present then an additional error occurs on +XEmacs startup, which says @samp{Color Red3} not defined. +@end quotation + +@node Q2.1.9, Q2.1.10, Q2.1.8, Installation +@section XEmacs causes my OpenWindows 3.0 server to crash. + +The OpenWindows 3.0 server is incredibly buggy. Your best bet is to +replace it with one from the generic MIT X11 release. You might also +try disabling parts of your @file{.emacs}, like enabling background +pixmaps. + +@node Q2.1.10, Q2.1.11, Q2.1.9, Installation +@section Warnings from incorrect key modifiers. + +The following information comes from the @file{PROBLEMS} file that comes +with XEmacs. + +If you're having troubles with HP/UX it is because HP/UX defines the +modifiers wrong in X. Here is a shell script to fix the problem; be +sure that it is run after VUE configures the X server. + +@example +#! /bin/sh +xmodmap 2> /dev/null - << EOF +keysym Alt_L = Meta_L +keysym Alt_R = Meta_R +EOF + +xmodmap - << EOF +clear mod1 +keysym Mode_switch = NoSymbol +add mod1 = Meta_L +keysym Meta_R = Mode_switch +add mod2 = Mode_switch +EOF +@end example + +@node Q2.1.11, Q2.1.12, Q2.1.10, Installation +@section @samp{wrong type argument: bufferp, "......"}. + +I'm using XEmacs 19.13 on Solaris 2.5. I'm having problem using the +bookmark. When I try to set a bookmark, I always get the following error +message: + +@lisp +wrong type argument: bufferp, "......" +@end lisp + +You are using the wrong version of @code{set-text-properties}. Please +use the one given with Q5.1.3 (@xref{Q5.1.3}). + +@node Q2.1.12, Q2.1.13, Q2.1.11, Installation +@section Problems with Regular Expressions on DEC OSF1. + +I have xemacs 19.13 running on an alpha running OSF1 V3.2 148 and ispell +would not run because it claimed the version number was incorrect +although it was indeed OK. I traced the problem to the regular +expression handler. + +Douglas Kosovic <douglask@@dstc.edu.au> writes: + +@quotation +Actually it's a DEC cc optimisation bug that screws up the regexp +handling in XEmacs. + +Rebuilding using the @samp{-migrate} switch for DEC cc (which uses a +different sort of optimisation) works fine. +@end quotation + +See @file{xemacs-19_13-dunix-3_2c.patch} at the following URL on how to +build with the @samp{-migrate} flag: + +@example +<URL:http://www-digital.cern.ch/carney/emacs/emacs.html> +@end example + +NOTE: There have been a variety of other problems reported that are +fixed in this fashion. + +@node Q2.1.13, Q2.1.14, Q2.1.12, Installation +@section HP/UX 10.10 and @code{create_process} failure. + +Dave Carrigan <Dave.Carrigan@@ipl.ca> writes: + +@quotation +With XEmacs 19.13 and HP/UX 10.10, anything that relies on the +@code{create_process} function fails. This breaks a lot of things +(shell-mode, compile, ange-ftp, to name a few). +@end quotation + +Phil Johnson <johnson@@dtc.hp.com> writes: + +@quotation +This is a problem specific to HP-UX 10.10. It only occurs when XEmacs +is compiled for shared libraries (the default), so you can work around +it by compiling a statically-linked binary (run configure with +@samp{--dynamic=no}). + +I'm not sure whether the problem is with a particular shared library or +if it's a kernel problem which crept into 10.10. +@end quotation + +Richard Cognot <cognot@@ensg.u-nancy.fr> writes: + +@quotation +I had a few problems with 10.10. Apparently, some of them were solved by +forcing a static link of libc (manually). +@end quotation + +@node Q2.1.14, Q2.1.15, Q2.1.13, Installation +@section @kbd{C-g} doesn't work for me. Is it broken? + +Ben Wing <ben@@666.com> writes: + +@quotation +@kbd{C-g} does work for most people in most circumstances. If it +doesn't, there are only two explanations: + +@enumerate +@item +The code is wrapped with a binding of @code{inhibit-quit} to +@code{t}. @kbd{Ctrl-Shift-G} should still work, I think. + +@item +SIGIO is broken on your system, but BROKEN_SIGIO isn't defined. +@end enumerate + +To test #2, try executing @code{(while t)} from the @samp{*scratch*} +buffer. If @kbd{C-g} doesn't interrupt, then you're seeing #2. +@end quotation + +Morten Welinder <terra@@diku.dk> writes: + +@quotation +On some (but @emph{not} all) machines a hung XEmacs can be revived by +@code{kill -FPE <pid>}. This is a hack, of course, not a solution. +This technique works on a Sun4 running 4.1.3_U1. To see if it works for +you, start another XEmacs and test with that first. If you get a core +dump the method doesn't work and if you get @samp{Arithmetic error} then +it does. +@end quotation + +@node Q2.1.15, Q2.1.16, Q2.1.14, Installation +@section How to Debug an XEmacs problem with a debugger + +Ben Wing <ben@@666.com> writes: + +@quotation +If XEmacs does crash on you, one of the most productive things you can +do to help get the bug fixed is to poke around a bit with the debugger. +Here are some hints: + +@itemize @bullet +@item +First of all, if the crash is at all reproducible, consider very +strongly recompiling your XEmacs with debugging symbols, with no +optimization, and with the configure options @samp{--debug=yes}, +@samp{--error-checking=all}, and @samp{--dynamic=no}. This will make +your XEmacs run somewhat slower but make it a lot more likely to catch +the problem earlier (closer to its source), and a lot easier to +determine what's going on with a debugger. + +@item +If you're able to run XEmacs under a debugger and reproduce the crash +(if it's inconvenient to do this because XEmacs is already running or is +running in batch mode as part of a bunch of scripts, consider attaching +to the existing process with your debugger; most debuggers let you do +this by substituting the process ID for the core file when you invoke +the debugger from the command line, or by using the @code{attach} +command or something similar), here are some things you can do: + +@item +If XEmacs is hitting an assertion failure, put a breakpoint on +@code{assert_failed()}. + +@item +If XEmacs is hitting some weird Lisp error that's causing it to crash +(e.g. during startup), put a breakpoint on @code{signal_1()}---this is +declared static in eval.c. + +@item +Internally, you will probably see lots of variables that hold objects of +type @code{Lisp_Object}. These are exactly what they appear to be, +i.e. references to Lisp objects. Printing them out with the debugger +probably won't be too useful---you'll just see a number. To decode +them, do this: + +@example +call debug_print (OBJECT) +@end example + +where @var{OBJECT} is whatever you want to decode (it can be a variable, +a function call, etc.). This will print out a readable representation +on the TTY from which the xemacs process was invoked. + +@item +If you want to get a Lisp backtrace showing the Lisp call +stack, do this: + +@example +call debug_backtrace () +@end example + +@item +If all you've got is a core dump, all is not lost. You can still poke +around somewhat, and if you're using GDB, there are some macros in the +file @file{gdbinit} in the @file{src} directory of the XEmacs +distribution that should make it easier for you to decode Lisp objects. + +If you're using DBX, you may be able to get further help from Martin +Buchholz, the engineer at Sun who works on XEmacs. Write to him at +<Martin.Buchholz@@sun.com>. + +@item +If you're using a debugger to get a C stack backtrace and you're seeing +stack traces with some of the innermost frames mangled, it may be due to +dynamic linking. (This happens especially under Linux.) Consider +reconfiguring with @samp{--dynamic=no}. Also, sometimes (again under +Linux), stack backtraces of core dumps will have the frame where the +fatal signal occurred mangled; if you can obtain a stack trace while +running the XEmacs process under a debugger, the stack trace should be +clean. + +Curtiss <1CMC3466@@ibm.mtsac.edu> suggests upgrading to ld.so version 1.8 +if dynamic linking and debugging is a problem on Linux. + +@item +If you're using a debugger to get a C stack backtrace and you're +getting a completely mangled and bogus stack trace, it's probably due to +one of the following: + +@enumerate a +@item +Your executable has been stripped. Bad news. Tell your sysadmin not to +do this---it doesn't accomplish anything except to save a bit of disk +space, and makes debugging much much harder. + +@item +Your stack is getting trashed. Debugging this is hard; you have to do a +binary-search-type of narrowing down where the crash occurs, until you +figure out exactly which line is causing the problem. Of course, this +only works if the bug is highly reproducible. + +@item +If your stack trace has exactly one frame in it, with address 0x0, this +could simply mean that XEmacs attempted to execute code at that address, +e.g. through jumping to a null function pointer. Unfortunately, under +those circumstances, GDB under Linux doesn't know how to get a stack +trace. (Yes, this is the third Linux-related problem I've mentioned. I +have no idea why GDB under Linux is so bogus. Complain to the GDB +authors, or to comp.os.linux.development.system). Again, you'll have to +use the narrowing-down process described above. + +@item +If you compiled 19.14 with @samp{--debug} (or by default in 19.15), you +will get a Lisp backtrace output when XEmacs crashes, so you'll have +something useful. If you're in 19.13, you could try doing @code{call +debug_backtrace()}---sometimes this works even after a fatal signal has +been received. +@end enumerate +@end itemize +@end quotation + +Here's some more info about using gdbinit: + +Different version of @code{gdbinit} are provided for different +platforms. One of these should be installed as @file{.gdbinit} in your +home directory. If you're using XEmacs 19.14 or better, you should +install the default @code{gdbinit} in the @file{src/} directory if you +have GDB 4.14 or better. With GDB 4.13 or earlier, install +@file{gdbinit.pre-4.14}; however, this is noticeably harder to use. If +you're on a machine that uses a union type for Lisp_Objects (only the +DEC Alpha, I think), you'll have to use @code{gdbinit.union}, which is +of the pre-4.14 variety but should be easily upgradable. + +With XEmacs 19.13 and earlier, only one @code{gdbinit} is provided (I +think); it's of the pre-4.14 variety and of the union-type +variety. (Many more machines used the union type under 19.13). + +With the GDB 4.14+ gdbinit, you can print out a Lisp_Object using +@code{p1 OBJECT} (which calls @code{debug_print()}, and hence only works +if you have a running process) or @code{frob OBJECT} (which works even +on core dumps, and does its own decoding of the object, but its output +isn't always so convenient). + +With the pre-GDB 4.14 gdbinit, you have to do these steps: + +@example +print OBJECT +xtype +<then type "xcons" or "xstring" or whatever, depending on the type> +@end example + +If the object is a record type, you'll probably have to the following +steps: + +@example +print OBJECT +xtype +xrecord +<remember what type is printed> +print OBJECT +<then type "xbuffer" or "xsymbol" or whatever> +@end example + +Of course, if you know in advance what type the object is of, you can +omit all but the last two steps. + +@node Q2.1.16, Q2.1.17, Q2.1.15, Installation +@section XEmacs crashes in @code{strcat} on HP/UX 10 + +>From the problems database (through +<URL:http://support.mayfield.hp.com/>): @example -xemacs@@cs.uiuc.edu +Problem Report: 5003302299 +Status: Open + +System/Model: 9000/700 +Product Name: HPUX S800 10.0X +Product Vers: 9245XB.10.00 + +Description: strcat(3C) may read beyond end of source string, can cause +SIGSEGV + + +*** PROBLEM TEXT *** +strcat(3C) may read beyond the source string onto an unmapped page, +causing a segmentation violation. +@end example + +@node Q2.1.17, Q2.1.18, Q2.1.16, Installation +@section @samp{Marker does not point anywhere} + +This is a problem with line-number-mode in XEmacs 19.14, and affects a +large number of other packages. If you see this error message, turn off +line-number-mode. + +@node Q2.1.18, Q2.1.19, Q2.1.17, Installation +@section 19.14 hangs on HP/UX 10.10. + +Richard Cognot <cognot@@ensg.u-nancy.fr> writes: + +@quotation +For the record, compiling on hpux 10.10 leads to a hang in Gnus when +compiled with optimization on. + +I've just discovered that my hpux 10.01 binary was working less well +than expected. In fact, on a 10.10 system, @code{(while t)} was not +interupted by @kbd{C-g}. I defined @code{BROKEN_SIGIO} and recompiled on +10.10, and... the hang is now gone. + +As far as configure goes, this will be a bit tricky: @code{BROKEN_SIGIO} +is needed on 10.10, but @strong{not} on 10.01: if I run my 10.01 binary +on a 10.01 machine, without @code{BROKEN_SIGIO} being defined, @kbd{C-g} +works as expected. +@end quotation + +Richard Cognot <cognot@@ensg.u-nancy.fr> adds: + +@quotation +Apparently somebody has found the reason why there is this @samp{poll: +interrupted...} message for each event. For some reason, libcurses +reimplements a @code{select()} system call, in a highly broken fashion. +The fix is to add a -lc to the link line @emph{before} the +-lxcurses. XEmacs will then use the right version of @code{select()}. +@end quotation + + +Alain Fauconnet <af@@biomath.jussieu.fr> writes: + +@quotation +The @emph{real} solution is to @emph{not} link -lcurses in! I just +changed -lcurses to -ltermcap in the Makefile and it fixed: + +@enumerate +@item +The @samp{poll: interrupted system call} message. + +@item +A more serious problem I had discovered in the meantime, that is the +fact that subprocess handling was seriously broken: subprocesses +e.g. started by AUCTeX for TeX compilation of a buffer would +@emph{hang}. Actually they would wait forever for emacs to read the +socket which connects stdout... +@end enumerate +@end quotation + +@node Q2.1.19, Q2.1.20, Q2.1.18, Installation +@section XEmacs does not follow the local timezone. + +When using one of the prebuilt binaries many users have observed that +XEmacs uses the timezone under which it was built, but not the timezone +under which it is running. The solution is to add: + +@lisp +(set-time-zone-rule "MET") +@end lisp + +to your @file{.emacs} or the @file{site-start.el} file if you can. +Replace @code{MET} with your local timezone. + +@node Q2.1.20, Q2.1.21, Q2.1.19, Installation +@section @samp{Symbol's function definition is void: hkey-help-show.} + +This is a problem with a partially loaded hyperbole. Try adding: + +@lisp +(require 'hmouse-drv) +@end lisp + +where you load hyperbole and the problem should go away. + +@node Q2.1.21, , Q2.1.20, Installation +@section Every so often the XEmacs frame freezes + +This problem has been fixed in 19.15, and was due to a not easily +reproducible race condition. + +@node Customization, Subsystems, Installation, Top +@chapter Customization and Options + +This is part 3 of the XEmacs Frequently Asked Questions list. This +section is devoted to Customization and screen settings. + +@menu +Customization---Emacs Lisp and @file{.emacs}: +* Q3.0.1:: What version of Emacs am I running? +* Q3.0.2:: How do I evaluate Elisp expressions? +* Q3.0.3:: @code{(setq tab-width 6)} behaves oddly. +* Q3.0.4:: How can I add directories to the @code{load-path}? +* Q3.0.5:: How to check if a lisp function is defined? +* Q3.0.6:: Can I force the output of @code{(face-list)} to a buffer? +* Q3.0.7:: Font selections don't get saved after @code{Save Options}. +* Q3.0.8:: How do I make a single minibuffer frame? + +X Window System & Resources: +* Q3.1.1:: Where is a list of X resources? +* Q3.1.2:: How can I detect a color display? +* Q3.1.3:: @code{(set-screen-width)} worked in 19.6, but not in 19.13? +* Q3.1.4:: Specifiying @code{Emacs*EmacsScreen.geometry} in @file{.emacs} does not work in 19.13? +* Q3.1.5:: How can I get the icon to just say @samp{XEmacs}? +* Q3.1.6:: How can I have the window title area display the full path? +* Q3.1.7:: @samp{xemacs -name junk} doesn't work? +* Q3.1.8:: @samp{-iconic} it doesn't work. + +Textual Fonts & Colors: +* Q3.2.1:: How can I set color options from @file{.emacs}? +* Q3.2.2:: How do I set the text, menu and modeline fonts? +* Q3.2.3:: How can I set the colors when highlighting a region? +* Q3.2.4:: How can I limit color map usage? +* Q3.2.5:: My tty supports color, but XEmacs doesn't use them. + +The Modeline: +* Q3.3.1:: How can I make the modeline go away? +* Q3.3.2:: How do you have XEmacs display the line number in the modeline? +* Q3.3.3:: How do I get XEmacs to put the time of day on the modeline? +* Q3.3.4:: How do I turn off current chapter from AUC-TeX modeline? +* Q3.3.5:: How can one change the modeline color based on the mode used? + +3.4 Multiple Device Support: +* Q3.4.1:: How do I open a frame on another screen of my multi-headed display? +* Q3.4.2:: Can I really connect to a running XEmacs after calling up over a modem? How? + +3.5 The Keyboard: +* Q3.5.1:: How can I bind complex functions (or macros) to keys? +* Q3.5.2:: How can I stop down-arrow from adding empty lines to the bottom of my buffers? +* Q3.5.3:: How do I bind C-. and C-; to scroll one line up and down? +* Q3.5.4:: Globally binding @kbd{Delete}? +* Q3.5.5:: Scrolling one line at a time. +* Q3.5.6:: How to map @kbd{Help} key alone on Sun type4 keyboard? +* Q3.5.7:: How can you type in special characters in XEmacs? +* Q3.5.8:: Why does @code{(global-set-key [delete-forward] 'delete-char)} complain? +* Q3.5.9:: How do I make the Delete key delete forward? +* Q3.5.10:: Can I turn on @dfn{sticky} modifier keys? + +The Cursor: +* Q3.6.1:: Is there a way to make the bar cursor thicker? +* Q3.6.2:: Is there a way to get back the old block cursor where the cursor covers the character in front of the point? +* Q3.6.3:: Can I make the cursor blink? + +The Mouse and Highlighting: +* Q3.7.1:: How can I turn off Mouse pasting? +* Q3.7.2:: How do I set control/meta/etc modifiers on mouse buttons? +* Q3.7.3:: Clicking the left button does not do anything in buffer list. +* Q3.7.4:: How can I get a list of buffers when I hit mouse button 3? +* Q3.7.5:: Why does cut-and-paste not work between XEmacs and a cmdtool? +* Q3.7.6:: How I can set XEmacs up so that it pastes where the text cursor is? +* Q3.7.7:: How do I select a rectangular region? +* Q3.7.8:: Why does @kbd{M-w} take so long? + +The Menubar and Toolbar: +* Q3.8.1:: How do I get rid of the menu (or menubar)? +* Q3.8.2:: Can I customize the basic menubar? +* Q3.8.3:: How do I control how many buffers are listed in the menu @code{Buffers} list? +* Q3.8.4:: Resources like @code{Emacs*menubar*font} are not working? +* Q3.8.5:: How can I bind a key to a function to toggle the toolbar? + +Scrollbars: +* Q3.9.1:: How can I disable the scrollbar? +* Q3.9.2:: How can one use resources to change scrollbar colors? +* Q3.9.3:: Moving the scrollbar can move the point; can I disable this? +* Q3.9.4:: How can I get automatic horizontal scrolling? + +Text Selections: +* Q3.10.1:: How can I turn off or change highlighted selections? +* Q3.10.2:: How do I get that typing on an active region removes it? +* Q3.10.3:: Can I turn off the highlight during isearch? +* Q3.10.4:: How do I turn off highlighting after @kbd{C-x C-p} (mark-page)? +* Q3.10.5:: The region disappears when I hit the end of buffer while scrolling. +@end menu + +@node Q3.0.1, Q3.0.2, Customization, Customization +@section What version of Emacs am I running? + +How can @file{.emacs} determine which of the family of Emacsen I am +using? + +To determine if you are currently running GNU Emacs 18, GNU Emacs 19, +XEmacs 19, or Epoch, and use appropriate code, check out the example +given in @file{etc/sample.emacs}. There are other nifty things in there +as well! + +For all new code, all you really need to do is: + +@lisp +(defvar running-xemacs (string-match "XEmacs\\|Lucid" emacs-version)) +@end lisp + +@node Q3.0.2, Q3.0.3, Q3.0.1, Customization +@section How can I evaluate Emacs-Lisp expressions? + +I know I can evaluate Elisp expressions from @code{*scratch*} buffer +with @kbd{C-j} after the expression. How do I do it from another +buffer? + +Use the following code: + +@lisp +(put 'eval-expression 'disabled nil) +@end lisp + +This sets it so that hitting @kbd{M-:} lets you type a single expression +to be evaluated. This line can also be put into your @file{.emacs}. + +@node Q3.0.3, Q3.0.4, Q3.0.2, Customization +@section @code{(setq tab-width 6)} behaves oddly. + +If you put @code{(setq tab-width 6)} in your @file{.emacs} file it does +not work! Is there a reason for this? If you do it at the EVAL prompt +it works fine!! How strange. + +Use @code{setq-default} instead, since @code{tab-width} is +all-buffer-local. + +@node Q3.0.4, Q3.0.5, Q3.0.3, Customization +@section How can I add directories to the @code{load-path}? + +Here are two ways to do that, one that puts your directories at the +front of the load-path, the other at the end: + +@lisp +;;; Add things at the beginning of the load-path, do not add +;;; duplicate directories: +(if (null (member "bar" load-path)) + (setq load-path (cons "bar" load-path))) + +(if (null (member "foo" load-path)) + (setq load-path (cons "foo" load-path))) + +;;; Add things at the end, unconditionally +(setq load-path (append load-path '("foo" "bar"))) +@end lisp + +keith (k.p.) hanlan <keithh@@nortel.ca> writes: + +@quotation +To add directories using Unix shell metacharacters use +@file{expand-file-name} like this: + +@lisp +(setq load-path (cons (expand-file-name "~keithh/.emacsdir") load-path)) +@end lisp +@end quotation + +@node Q3.0.5, Q3.0.6, Q3.0.4, Customization +@section How to check if a lisp function is defined? + +Use the following elisp: + +@lisp +(fboundp 'foo) +@end lisp + +It's almost always a mistake to test @code{emacs-version} or any similar +variables. + +Instead, use feature-tests, such as @code{featurep}, @code{boundp}, +@code{fboundp}, or even simple behavioural tests, eg.: + +@lisp +(defvar foo-old-losing-code-p + (condition-case nil (progn (losing-code t) nil) + (wrong-number-of-arguments t))) +@end lisp + +There is an incredible amount of broken code out there which could work +much better more often in more places if it did the above instead of +trying to divine its environment from the value of one variable. + +@node Q3.0.6, Q3.0.7, Q3.0.5, Customization +@section Can I force the output of @code{(face-list)} to a buffer? + +It would be good having it in a buffer, as the output of +@code{(face-list)} is too wide to fit to a minibuffer. + +Evaluate the expression in the @samp{*scratch*} buffer with point after +the rightmost paren and typing @kbd{C-j}. + +@node Q3.0.7, Q3.0.8, Q3.0.6, Customization +@section Font selections don't get saved after @code{Save Options}. + +John Mann <mannj@@ll.mit.edu> writes: + +@quotation +You have to go to Options->Menubar Appearance and unselect +@samp{Frame-Local Font Menu}. If this option is selected, font changes +are only applied to the @emph{current} frame and do @emph{not} get saved +when you save options. +@end quotation + +@node Q3.0.8, Q3.1.1, Q3.0.7, Customization +@section How do I get a single minibuffer frame? + +Vin Shelton <acs@@acm.org> writes: + +@lisp +(setq initial-frame-plist '(minibuffer nil)) +(setq default-frame-plist '(minibuffer nil)) +(setq default-minibuffer-frame + (make-frame + '(minibuffer only + width 86 + height 1 + menubar-visible-p nil + default-toolbar-visible-p nil + name "minibuffer" + top -2 + left -2 + has-modeline-p nil))) +(frame-notice-user-settings) +@end lisp + +@strong{NOTE:} The single minibuffer frame may not be to everyone's +taste, and there any number of other XEmacs options settings that may +make it difficult or inconvenient to use. + +@node Q3.1.1, Q3.1.2, Q3.0.8, Customization +@section Where is a list of X resources? + +Search through the @file{NEWS} file for @samp{X Resources}. A fairly +comprehensive list is given after it. + +In addition, an @file{app-defaults} file is supplied, +@file{etc/Emacs.ad} listing the defaults. The file +@file{etc/sample.Xdefaults} gives a set of defaults that you might +consider. It is essentially the same as @file{etc/Emacs.ad} but some +entries are slightly altered. Be careful about installing the contents +of this file into your @file{.Xdefaults} or @file{.Xresources} file if +you use GNU Emacs under X11 as well. + +@node Q3.1.2, Q3.1.3, Q3.1.1, Customization +@section How can I detect a color display? + +You can test the return value of the function @code{(device-class)}, as +in: + +@lisp +(when (eq (device-class) 'color) + (set-face-foreground 'font-lock-comment-face "Grey") + (set-face-foreground 'font-lock-string-face "Red") + .... + ) +@end lisp + +@node Q3.1.3, Q3.1.4, Q3.1.2, Customization +@section @code{(set-screen-width)} worked in 19.6, but not in 19.13? + +In Lucid Emacs 19.6 I did @code{(set-screen-width @var{characters})} and +@code{(set-screen-height @var{lines})} in my @file{.emacs} instead of +specifying @code{Emacs*EmacsScreen.geometry} in my @file{.Xdefaults} but +this does not work in XEmacs 19.13. + +These two functions now take frame arguments: + +@lisp +(set-frame-width (selected-frame) @var{characters}) +(set-frame-height (selected-frame) @var{lines}) +@end lisp + +@node Q3.1.4, Q3.1.5, Q3.1.3, Customization +@section Specifiying @code{Emacs*EmacsScreen.geometry} in @file{.emacs} does not work in 19.13? + +In XEmacs 19.11 I specified @code{Emacs*EmacsScreen.geometry} in +my @file{.emacs} but this does not work in XEmacs 19.13. + +We have switched from using the term @dfn{screen} to using the term +@dfn{frame}. + +The correct entry for your @file{.Xdefaults} is now: + +@example +Emacs*EmacsFrame.geometry +@end example + +@node Q3.1.5, Q3.1.6, Q3.1.4, Customization +@section How can I get the icon to just say @samp{XEmacs}? + +I'd like the icon to just say @samp{XEmacs}, and not include the name of +the current file in it. + +Add the following line to your @file{.emacs}: + +@lisp +(setq frame-icon-title-format "XEmacs") +@end lisp + +@node Q3.1.6, Q3.1.7, Q3.1.5, Customization +@section How can I have the window title area display the full path? + +I'd like to have the window title area display the full directory/name +of the current buffer file and not just the name. + +Add the following line to your @file{.emacs}: + +@lisp +(setq frame-title-format "%S: %f") +@end lisp + +A more sophisticated title might be: + +@lisp +(setq frame-title-format + '("%S: " (buffer-file-name "%f" (dired-directory dired-directory "%b")))) +@end lisp + +That is, use the file name, or the dired-directory, or the buffer name. + +@node Q3.1.7, Q3.1.8, Q3.1.6, Customization +@section @samp{xemacs -name junk} doesn't work? + +When I run @samp{xterm -name junk}, I get an xterm whose class name +according to xprop, is @samp{junk}. This is the way it's supposed to +work, I think. When I run @samp{xemacs -name junk} the class name is +not set to @samp{junk}. It's still @samp{emacs}. What does +@samp{xemacs -name} really do? The reason I ask is that my window +manager (fvwm) will make a window sticky and I use XEmacs to read my +mail. I want that XEmacs window to be sticky, without having to use the +window manager's function to set the window sticky. What gives? + +@samp{xemacs -name} sets the application name for the program (that is, +the thing which normally comes from @samp{argv[0]}). Using @samp{-name} +is the same as making a copy of the executable with that new name. The +@code{WM_CLASS} property on each frame is set to the frame-name, and the +application-class. So, if you did @samp{xemacs -name FOO} and then +created a frame named @var{BAR}, you'd get an X window with WM_CLASS = +@code{( "BAR", "Emacs")}. However, the resource hierarchy for this +widget would be: + +@example +Name: FOO .shell .container .BAR +Class: Emacs .TopLevelEmacsShell.EmacsManager.EmacsFrame +@end example + +instead of the default + +@example +Name: xemacs.shell .container .emacs +Class: Emacs .TopLevelEmacsShell.EmacsManager.EmacsFrame +@end example + + +It is arguable that the first element of WM_CLASS should be set to the +application-name instead of the frame-name, but I think that's less +flexible, since it does not give you the ability to have multiple frames +with different WM_CLASS properties. Another possibility would be for +the default frame name to come from the application name instead of +simply being @samp{emacs}. However, at this point, making that change +would be troublesome: it would mean that many users would have to make +yet another change to their resource files (since the default frame name +would suddenly change from @samp{emacs} to @samp{xemacs}, or whatever +the executable happened to be named), so we'd rather avoid it. + +To make a frame with a particular name use: + +@lisp +(make-frame '((name . "the-name"))) +@end lisp + +@node Q3.1.8, Q3.2.1, Q3.1.7, Customization +@section @samp{-iconic} doesn't work. + +When I start up XEmacs using @samp{-iconic} it doesn't work right. +Using @samp{-unmapped} on the command line, and setting the +@code{initiallyUnmapped} X Resource don't seem to help much either... + +Ben Wing <ben@@666.com> writes: + +@quotation +Ugh, this stuff is such an incredible mess that I've about given up +getting it to work. The principal problem is numerous window-manager +bugs... +@end quotation + +@node Q3.2.1, Q3.2.2, Q3.1.8, Customization +@section How can I set color options from @file{.emacs}? + +How can I set the most commonly used color options from my @file{.emacs} +instead of from my @file{.Xdefaults}? + +Like this: + +@lisp +(set-face-background 'default "bisque") ; frame background +(set-face-foreground 'default "black") ; normal text +(set-face-background 'zmacs-region "red") ; When selecting w/ + ; mouse +(set-face-foreground 'zmacs-region "yellow") +(set-face-font 'default "*courier-bold-r*120-100-100*") +(set-face-background 'highlight "blue") ; Ie when selecting buffers +(set-face-foreground 'highlight "yellow") +(set-face-background 'modeline "blue") ; Line at bottom of buffer +(set-face-foreground 'modeline "white") +(set-face-font 'modeline "*bold-r-normal*140-100-100*") +(set-face-background 'isearch "yellow") ; When highlighting while + ; searching +(set-face-foreground 'isearch "red") +(setq x-pointer-foreground-color "black") ; Adds to bg color, + ; so keep black +(setq x-pointer-background-color "blue") ; This is color you really + ; want ptr/crsr +@end lisp + +@node Q3.2.2, Q3.2.3, Q3.2.1, Customization +@section How do I set the text, menu and modeline fonts? + +Note that you should use @samp{Emacs.} and not @samp{Emacs*} when +setting face values. + +In @file{.Xdefaults}: + +@example +Emacs.default.attributeFont: -*-*-medium-r-*-*-*-120-*-*-m-*-*-* +Emacs*menubar*font: fixed +Emacs.modeline.attributeFont: fixed +@end example + +This is confusing because modeline is a face, and can be found listed +with all faces in the current mode by using @kbd{M-x set-face-font +(enter) ?}. It uses the face specification of @code{attributeFont}, +while menubar is a normal X thing that uses the specification +@code{font}. With Motif it may be necessary to use @code{fontList} +instead of @code{font}. + +Suggestions on improving the answer to this question would be +appreciated. + +@node Q3.2.3, Q3.2.4, Q3.2.2, Customization +@section How can I set the colors when highlighting a region? + +How can I set the background/foreground colors when highlighting a +region? + +You can change the face @code{zmacs-region} either in your +@file{.Xdefaults}: + +@example +Emacs.zmacs-region.attributeForeground: firebrick +Emacs.zmacs-region.attributeBackground: lightseagreen @end example -to send messages to the list. - -To cancel a subscription, YOU MUST use the xemacs-request address. - -Bug reports should be sent to the same locations. - - -@node 1.8. -@section 1.8. Where is the mailing list archived? - -The mailing list is archived in the directory -@ifinfo -@file{ftp.cs.uiuc.edu:/pub/xemacs/mlists/}. -@end ifinfo -@ifhtml -<A HREF="ftp://ftp.cs.uiuc.edu/pub/xemacs/mlists/">ftp.cs.uiuc.edu:/pub/xemacs/mlists/</A> -@end ifhtml - - -@node 1.9. -@section 1.9. What is InfoDock, how does it relate to XEmacs, and how can I obtain it? +or in your @file{.emacs}: + +@lisp +(set-face-background 'zmacs-region "red") +(set-face-foreground 'zmacs-region "yellow") +@end lisp + +@node Q3.2.4, Q3.2.5, Q3.2.3, Customization +@section How can I limit color map usage? + +I'm using Netscape (or another color grabber like XEmacs); +is there anyway to limit the number of available colors in the color map? + +XEmacs 19.13 doesn't have such a mechanism (unlike netscape, or other +color-hogs). One solution is to start XEmacs prior to netscape, since +this will prevent Netscape from grabbing all colors (but Netscape will +complain). You can use the flags for Netscape, like -mono, -ncols <#> +or -install (for mono, limiting to <#> colors, or for using a private +color map). Since Netscape will take the entire colormap and never +release it, the only reasonable way to run it is with @samp{-install}. + +If you have the money, another solution would be to use a truecolor or +direct color video. + +Starting with XEmacs 19.14, XEmacs uses the closest available color if +the colormap is full, so it's O.K. now to start Netscape first. + +@node Q3.2.5, Q3.3.1, Q3.2.4, Customization +@section My tty supports color, but XEmacs doesn't use them. + +XEmacs tries to automatically determine whether your tty supports color, +but sometimes guesses wrong. In that case, you can make XEmacs Do The +Right Thing using this Lisp code: + +@lisp +(if (eq 'tty (device-type)) + (set-device-class nil 'color)) +@end lisp + +@node Q3.3.1, Q3.3.2, Q3.2.5, Customization +@section How can I make the modeline go away? + +@lisp +(set-specifier has-modeline-p nil) +@end lisp + +Starting with XEmacs 19.14 the modeline responds to mouse clicks, so if +you haven't liked or used the modeline in the past, you might want to +try the new version out. + +@node Q3.3.2, Q3.3.3, Q3.3.1, Customization +@section How do you have XEmacs display the line number in the modeline? + +Add the following line to your @file{.emacs} file to display the +line number: + +@lisp +(setq line-number-mode t) +@end lisp + +Use the following to display the column number: + +@lisp +(display-column-mode) +@end lisp + +@node Q3.3.3, Q3.3.4, Q3.3.2, Customization +@section How do I get XEmacs to put the time of day on the modeline? + +@lisp +(display-time) +@end lisp + +@node Q3.3.4, Q3.3.5, Q3.3.3, Customization +@section How do I turn off current chapter from AUC-TeX modeline? + +With AUC-TeX, fast typing is hard because the current chapter, section +etc. are given in the modeline. How can I turn this off? + +It's not auc-tex, it comes from @code{func-menu} in @file{func-menu.el}. +Add this code to your @file{.emacs} to turn it off: + +@lisp +(setq fume-display-in-modeline-p nil) +@end lisp + +Or just add a hook to @code{TeX-mode-hook} to turn it off only for TeX +mode: + +@lisp +(add-hook 'TeX-mode-hook '(lambda () (setq fume-display-in-modeline-p nil))) +@end lisp + +David Hughes <dhughes@@origin-at.co.uk> writes: + +@quotation +If you have 19.14 or later, try this instead; you'll still get the +function name displayed in the modeline, but it won't attempt to keep +track when you modify the file. To refresh when it gets out of synch, +you simply need click on the @samp{Rescan Buffer} option in the +function-menu. + +@lisp +(setq-default fume-auto-rescan-buffer-p nil) +@end lisp +@end quotation + +@node Q3.3.5, Q3.4.1, Q3.3.4, Customization +@section How can one change the modeline color based on the mode used? + +You can use something like the following: + +@lisp +(add-hook 'lisp-mode-hook + '(lambda () (set-face-background 'modeline "red" (current-buffer)) + (set-face-foreground 'modeline "yellow" (current-buffer)))) +@end lisp + +Then, when editing a Lisp file (i.e. when in Lisp mode), the modeline +colors change from the default set in your @file{.emacs}. The change +will only be made in the buffer you just entered (which contains the +Lisp file you are editing) and will not affect the modeline colors +anywhere else. + +Notes: + +@itemize @bullet + +@item +The hook is the mode name plus @code{-hook}. eg. c-mode-hook, +c++-mode-hook, emacs-lisp-mode-hook (used for your @file{.emacs} or a +@file{xx.el} file), lisp-interaction-mode-hook (the @samp{*scratch*} +buffer), text-mode-hook, etc. + +@item +Be sure to use @code{add-hook}, not @code{(setq c-mode-hook xxxx)}, +otherwise you will erase anything that anybody has already put on the +hook. + +@item +You can also do @code{(set-face-font 'modeline @var{font})}, +eg. @code{(set-face-font 'modeline "*bold-r-normal*140-100-100*" +(current-buffer))} if you wish the modeline font to vary based on the +current mode. +@end itemize + +This works in 19.14 as well, but there are additional modeline faces, +@code{modeline-buffer-id}, @code{modeline-mousable}, and +@code{modeline-mousable-minor-mode}, which you may want to customize. + +@node Q3.4.1, Q3.4.2, Q3.3.5, Customization +@section How do I open a frame on another screen of my multi-headed display? + +The support for this has been revamped for 19.14. Use the command +@kbd{M-x make-frame-on-display}. This command is also on the File menu +in the menubar. + +XEmacs 19.14 also has the command @code{make-frame-on-tty} which will +establish a connection to any tty-like device. + +@node Q3.4.2, Q3.5.1, Q3.4.1, Customization +@section Can I really connect to a running XEmacs after calling up over a modem? How? + +If you're not running at least XEmacs 19.14, you can't. Otherwise check +out the @code{gnuattach} program supplied with XEmacs. + +@node Q3.5.1, Q3.5.2, Q3.4.2, Customization +@section How can I bind complex functions (or macros) to keys? + +As an example, say you want the @kbd{paste} key on a Sun keyboard to +insert the current Primary X selection at point. You can accomplish this +with: + +@lisp +(define-key global-map [f18] 'x-insert-selection) +@end lisp + +However, this only works if there is a current X selection (the +selection will be highlighted). The functionality I like is for the +@kbd{paste} key to insert the current X selection if there is one, +otherwise insert the contents of the clipboard. To do this you need to +pass arguments to @code{x-insert-selection}. This is done by wrapping +the call in a 'lambda form: + +@lisp +(define-key global-map [f18] + (function (lambda () (interactive) (x-insert-selection t nil)))) +@end lisp + +This binds the f18 key to a @dfn{generic} functional object. The +interactive spec is required because only interactive functions can be +bound to keys. Also take a look at the doc for @code{function}. + +For the FAQ example you could use: + +@lisp +(global-set-key [(control ?.)] + (function (lambda () (interactive) (scroll-up 1)))) +(global-set-key [(control ?;)] + (function (lambda () (interactive) (scroll-up -1)))) +@end lisp + +This is fine if you only need a few functions within the lambda body. +If you're doing more it's cleaner to define a separate function as in +question 3.5.3 (@xref{Q3.5.3}). + +@node Q3.5.2, Q3.5.3, Q3.5.1, Customization +@section How can I stop down-arrow from adding empty lines to the bottom of my buffers? + +Add the following line to your @file{.emacs} file: + +@lisp +(setq next-line-add-newlines nil) +@end lisp + +@node Q3.5.3, Q3.5.4, Q3.5.2, Customization +@section How do I bind C-. and C-; to scroll one line up and down? + +Add the following (Thanks to Richard Mlynarik <mly@@adoc.xerox.com> and +Wayne Newberry <wayne@@zen.cac.stratus.com>) to @file{.emacs}: + +@lisp +(defun scroll-up-one-line () + (interactive) + (scroll-up 1)) + +(defun scroll-down-one-line () + (interactive) + (scroll-down 1)) + +(global-set-key [(control ?.)] 'scroll-up-one-line) ; C-. +(global-set-key [(control ?;)] 'scroll-down-one-line) ; C-; +@end lisp + +The key point is that you can only bind simple functions to keys; you +can not bind a key to a function that you're also passing arguments to. +(@xref{Q3.5.1} for a better answer). + +@node Q3.5.4, Q3.5.5, Q3.5.3, Customization +@section Globally binding @kbd{Delete}? + +I cannot manage to globally bind my @kbd{Delete} key to something other +than the default. How does one do this? + +@lisp +(defun Foo () + (interactive) + (message "You hit DELETE")) + +(global-set-key 'delete 'Foo) +@end lisp + +However, some modes explicitly bind @kbd{Delete}, so you would need to +add a hook that does @code{local-set-key} for them. If what you want to +do is make the Backspace and Delete keys work more PC/Motif-like, then +take a look at the @file{delbackspace.el} package. + +New in XEmacs 19.14 is a variable called @code{key-translation-map} +which makes it easier to bind @kbd{Delete}. @file{delbackspace.el} is a +good example of how to do this correctly. + +@node Q3.5.5, Q3.5.6, Q3.5.4, Customization +@section Scrolling one line at a time. + +Can the cursor keys scroll the screen a line at a time, rather than the +default half page jump? I tend it to find it disorienting. + +Try this: + +@lisp +(defun scroll-one-line-up (&optional arg) + "Scroll the selected window up (forward in the text) one line (or N lines)." + (interactive "p") + (scroll-up (or arg 1))) + +(defun scroll-one-line-down (&optional arg) + "Scroll the selected window down (backward in the text) one line (or N)." + (interactive "p") + (scroll-down (or arg 1))) + +(global-set-key 'up 'scroll-one-line-up) +(global-set-key 'down 'scroll-one-line-down) +@end lisp + + +The following will also work but will affect more than just the cursor +keys (i.e. @kbd{C-n} and @kbd{C-p}): + +@lisp +(setq scroll-step 1) +@end lisp + +@node Q3.5.6, Q3.5.7, Q3.5.5, Customization +@section How to map @kbd{Help} key alone on Sun type4 keyboard? + +The following works in GNU Emacs 19: + +@lisp +(global-set-key [help] 'help-command) ;; Help +@end lisp + +The following works in XEmacs 19.13 with the addition of shift: + +@lisp +(global-set-key [(shift help)] 'help-command) ;; Help +@end lisp + +But it doesn't work alone. This is in the file @file{PROBLEMS} which +should have come with your XEmacs installation: @emph{Emacs ignores the +@kbd{help} key when running OLWM}. + +OLWM grabs the @kbd{help} key, and retransmits it to the appropriate +client using @code{XSendEvent}. Allowing Emacs to react to synthetic +events is a security hole, so this is turned off by default. You can +enable it by setting the variable @code{x-allow-sendevents} to t. You +can also cause fix this by telling OLWM to not grab the help key, with +the null binding @code{OpenWindows.KeyboardCommand.Help:}. + +@node Q3.5.7, Q3.5.8, Q3.5.6, Customization +@section How can you type in special characters in XEmacs? + +One way is to use the package @samp{x-compose}. Then you can use +sequences like @kbd{Compose " a} to get ä, etc. + +Another way is to use the iso8859-1 package. + +@node Q3.5.8, Q3.5.9, Q3.5.7, Customization +@section Why does @code{(global-set-key [delete-forward] 'delete-char)} complain? + +Why does @code{(define-key global-map [ delete-forward ] 'delete-char)} +complain of not being able to bind an unknown key? + +Try this instead: + +@lisp +(define-key global-map [delete_forward] 'delete-char) +@end lisp + +and it will work. + +What you are seeing above is a bug due to code that is trying to check +for GNU Emacs syntax like: + +(define-key global-map [C-M-a] 'delete-char) + +which otherwise would cause no errors but would not result in the +expected behavior. + +This bug has been fixed in 19.14. + +@node Q3.5.9, Q3.5.10, Q3.5.8, Customization +@section How do I make the Delete key delete forward? + +Use the @file{delbackspace} package: + +@lisp +(load-library "delbackspace") +@end lisp + +Also @xref{Q3.5.4}. + +@node Q3.5.10, Q3.6.1, Q3.5.9, Customization +@section Can I turn on @dfn{sticky} modifier keys? + +Yes, with @code{(setq modifier-keys-are-sticky t)}. This will give the +effect of being able to press and release Shift and have the next +character typed come out in upper case. This will affect all the other +modifier keys like Control and Meta as well. + +Ben Wing <ben@@666.com> writes: + +@quotation +One thing about the sticky modifiers is that if you move the mouse out +of the frame and back in, it cancels all currently "stuck" modifiers. +@end quotation + +@node Q3.6.1, Q3.6.2, Q3.5.10, Customization +@section Is there a way to make the bar cursor thicker? + +I'd like to have the bar cursor a little thicker, as I tend to "lose" it +often. + +For a 1 pixel bar cursor, use: + +@lisp +(setq bar-cursor t) +@end lisp + +For a 2 pixel bar cursor, use: + +@lisp +(setq bar-cursor 'anything-else) +@end lisp + +You can use a color to make it stand out better: + +@example +Emacs*cursorColor: Red +@end example + +@node Q3.6.2, Q3.6.3, Q3.6.1, Customization +@section Is there a way to get back the block cursor? + +@lisp +(setq bar-cursor nil) +@end lisp + +@node Q3.6.3, Q3.7.1, Q3.6.2, Customization +@section Can I make the cursor blink? + +If you are running a version of XEmacs older than 19.14, no. Otherwise +you can do the following: + +@lisp +(blink-cursor-mode) +@end lisp + +This function toggles between a steady cursor and a blinking cursor. +You may also set this mode from the menu bar by selecting @samp{Options +=> Frame Appearance => Blinking Cursor}. + +@node Q3.7.1, Q3.7.2, Q3.6.3, Customization +@section How can I turn off Mouse pasting? + +I keep hitting the middle mouse button by accident and getting stuff +pasted into my buffer so how can I turn this off? + +Here is an alternative binding, whereby the middle mouse button selects +(but does not cut) the expression under the mouse. Clicking middle on a +left or right paren will select to the matching one. Note that you can +use @code{define-key} or @code{global-set-key}. + +@lisp +(defun Mouse-Set-Point-and-Select (event) + "Sets the point at the mouse location, then marks following form" + (interactive "@@e") + (mouse-set-point event) + (mark-sexp 1) + ) +(define-key global-map 'button2 'Mouse-Set-Point-and-Select) +@end lisp + +@node Q3.7.2, Q3.7.3, Q3.7.1, Customization +@section How do I set control/meta/etc modifiers on mouse buttons? + +Use, for instance, @code{[(meta button1)]}. For example, here is a +common setting for Common Lisp programmers who use the bundled ilisp +package, whereby meta-button1 on a function name will find the file +where the function name was defined, and put you at that location in the +source file. + +[Inside a function that gets called by the lisp-mode-hook and +ilisp-mode-hook] + +@lisp +(local-set-key [(meta button1)] 'edit-definitions-lisp) +@end lisp + +@node Q3.7.3, Q3.7.4, Q3.7.2, Customization +@section Clicking the left button does not do anything in buffer list. + +I do @kbd{C-x C-b} to get a list of buffers and the entries get +highlighted when I move the mouse over them but clicking the left mouse +does not do anything. + +Use the middle mouse button. + +@node Q3.7.4, Q3.7.5, Q3.7.3, Customization +@section How can I get a list of buffers when I hit mouse button 3? + +The following code will actually replace the default popup on button3: + +@lisp +(defun cw-build-buffers () + "Popup buffer menu." + (interactive "@@") + (run-hooks 'activate-menubar-hook) + (popup-menu (car (find-menu-item current-menubar '("Buffers"))))) + +(define-key global-map [(button3)] 'cw-build-buffers) +@end lisp + +@node Q3.7.5, Q3.7.6, Q3.7.4, Customization +@section Why does cut-and-paste not work between XEmacs and a cmdtool? + +We don't know. It's a bug. There does seem to be a work-around, +however. Try running xclipboard first. It appears to fix the problem +even if you exit it. (This should be mostly fixed in 19.13, but we +haven't yet verified that). + +@node Q3.7.6, Q3.7.7, Q3.7.5, Customization +@section How I can set XEmacs up so that it pastes where the text cursor is? + +By default XEmacs pastes X selections where the mouse pointer is. How +do I disable this? + +Examine the function @code{mouse-yank}, by typing @kbd{C-h f mouse-yank +RET}. + +To get XEmacs to paste at the text cursor, add this your @file{.emacs}: + +@lisp +(setq mouse-yank-at-point t) +@end lisp + +@node Q3.7.7, Q3.7.8, Q3.7.6, Customization +@section How do I select a rectangular region? + +Just select the region normally, then use the rectangle commands (e.g. +@code{kill-rectangle} on it. The region does not highlight as a +rectangle, but the commands work just fine. + +To actually sweep out rectangular regions with the mouse do the +following: + +@lisp +(setq mouse-track-rectangle-p t) +@end lisp + +Aki Vehtari <Aki.Vehtari@@hut.fi> writes: + +@quotation +To actually sweep out rectangular regions with the mouse you can also +use @code{mouse-track-do-rectangle} which is assigned to +@kbd{M-button1}. Then use rectangle commands. + +@example + mouse-track-do-rectangle: (event) + -- an interactive compiled Lisp function. + Like `mouse-track' but selects rectangles instead of regions. +@end example +@end quotation + +@node Q3.7.8, Q3.8.1, Q3.7.7, Customization +@section Why does @kbd{M-w} take so long? + +It actually doesn't. It leaves the region visible for a second so that +you can see what area is being yanked. If you start working, though, it +will immediately complete its operation. In other words, it will only +delay for a second if you let it. + +@node Q3.8.1, Q3.8.2, Q3.7.8, Customization +@section How do I get rid of the menu (or menubar)? + +If you are running XEmacs 19.13 and earlier, add this command to your +@file{.emacs}. + +@lisp +(set-menubar nil) +@end lisp + +Starting with XEmacs 19.14 the preferred method is: + +@lisp +(set-specifier menubar-visible-p nil) +@end lisp + +@node Q3.8.2, Q3.8.3, Q3.8.1, Customization +@section Can I customize the basic menubar? + +For an extensive menubar, add this line to your @file{.emacs}: + +@lisp +(load "big-menubar") +@end lisp + +If you'd like to write your own, this file provides as good a set of +examples as any to start from. The file is located in +@file{lisp/packages/big-menubar.el} in the XEmacs installation +directory. + +@node Q3.8.3, Q3.8.4, Q3.8.2, Customization +@section How do I control how many buffers are listed in the menu @code{Buffers List}? + +Add the following to your @file{.emacs} (suit to fit): + +@lisp +(setq buffers-menu-max-size 20) +@end lisp + +For no limit, use an argument of @samp{nil}. + +@node Q3.8.4, Q3.8.5, Q3.8.3, Customization +@section Resources like @code{Emacs*menubar*font} are not working? + +I am trying to use a resource like @code{Emacs*menubar*font} to set the +font of the menubar but it's not working. + +If you are using the real Motif menubar, this resource is not +recognized; you have to say: + +@example +Emacs*menubar*fontList: FONT +@end example + +If you are using the Lucid menubar, the former resource will be +recognized only if the latter resource is unset. This means that the +resource + +@example +*fontList: FONT +@end example + +will override + +@example +Emacs*menubar*font: FONT +@end example + +even though the latter is more specific. + +@node Q3.8.5, Q3.9.1, Q3.8.4, Customization +@section How can I bind a key to a function to toggle the toolbar? + +Try something like: + +@lisp +(global-set-key [(control x) T] + '(lambda () (interactive) + (set-specifier default-toolbar-visible-p + (not (specifier-instance + default-toolbar-visible-p))))) +@end lisp + +There are redisplay bugs in 19.14 that may make the preceding result in +a messed-up display, especially for frames with multiple windows. You +may need to resize the frame before XEmacs completely realizes the +toolbar is really gone. + +Thanks to Martin Buchholz <Martin.Buchholz@@sun.com> for the correct +code. + +@node Q3.9.1, Q3.9.2, Q3.8.5, Customization +@section How can I disable the scrollbar? + +To disable them for all frames, add the following line to +your @file{.Xdefaults}: + +@example +Emacs.scrollBarWidth: 0 +@end example + +To turn the scrollbar off on a per-frame basis, use the following +function: + +@lisp +(set-specifier scrollbar-width (cons (selected-frame) 0)) +@end lisp + +You can actually turn the scrollbars on at any level you want by +substituting for (selected-frame) in the above command. For example, to +turn the scrollbars off only in a single buffer: + +@lisp +(set-specifier scrollbar-width (cons (current-buffer) 0)) +@end lisp + +Starting with 19.14 you can use the more logical form: + +@lisp +(set-specifier scrollbar-width 0 (selected-frame)) +@end lisp + +@node Q3.9.2, Q3.9.3, Q3.9.1, Customization +@section How can one use resources to change scrollbar colors? + +Here's a recap of how to use resources to change your scrollbar colors: + +@example +! Motif scrollbars + +Emacs*XmScrollBar.Background: skyblue +Emacs*XmScrollBar.troughColor: lightgray + +! Athena scrollbars + +Emacs*Scrollbar.Foreground: skyblue +Emacs*Scrollbar.Background: lightgray +@end example + +Note the capitalization of @code{Scrollbar} for the Athena widget. + +@node Q3.9.3, Q3.9.4, Q3.9.2, Customization +@section Moving the scrollbar can move the point; can I disable this? + +When I move the scrollbar in an XEmacs window, it moves the point as +well, which should not be the default behavior. Is this a bug or a +feature? Can I disable it? + +The current behavior is a feature, not a bug. Point remains at the same +buffer position as long as that position does not scroll off the screen. +In that event, point will end up in either the upper-left or lower-left +hand corner. + +This cannot be changed. + +@node Q3.9.4, Q3.10.1, Q3.9.3, Customization +@section How can I get automatic horizontal scrolling? + +By the same token, how can I turn it off in specific modes? + +To do this, add to your @file{.emacs} file: + +@lisp +(require 'auto-show) +@end lisp + +Then do @code{(setq truncate-lines t)} in the mode-hooks for any modes +in which you want lines truncated. + +More precisely: If @code{truncate-lines} is nil, horizontal scrollbars +will never appear. Otherwise, they will appear only if the value of +@code{scrollbar-height} for that buffer/window/etc. is non-zero. If you +do + +@lisp +(set-specifier scrollbar-height 0) +@end lisp + +then horizontal scrollbars will not appear in truncated buffers unless +the package specifically asked for them. + +Automatic horizontal scrolling is now standard, starting with 19.14. + +@node Q3.10.1, Q3.10.2, Q3.9.4, Customization +@section How can I turn off or change highlighted selections? + +The @code{zmacs} mode allows for what some might call gratuitous +highlighting for selected regions (either by setting mark or by using +the mouse). This is the default behavior. To turn off, add the +following line to your @file{.emacs} file: + +@lisp +(setq zmacs-regions nil) +@end lisp + +To change the face for selection, look at @code{Options->Edit Faces} on +the menubar. + +@node Q3.10.2, Q3.10.3, Q3.10.1, Customization +@section How do I get that typing on an active region removes it? + +I want to change things so that if I select some text and start typing, +the typed text replaces the selected text, similar to Motif. + +You want to use something called @dfn{pending delete}. Pending delete +is what happens when you select a region (with the mouse or keyboard) +and you press a key to replace the selected region by the key you typed. +Usually backspace kills the selected region. + +To get this behavior, add the following line to your @file{.emacs}: + +@lisp +(require 'pending-del) +@end lisp + +Note that this will work with both Backspace and Delete. + +@node Q3.10.3, Q3.10.4, Q3.10.2, Customization +@section Can I turn off the highlight during isearch? + +I do not like my text highlighted while I am doing isearch as I am not +able to see what's underneath. How do I turn it off? + +Put the following in your @file{.emacs}: + +@lisp +(setq isearch-highlight nil) +@end lisp + +Note also that isearch-highlight affects query-replace and ispell. +Instead of disabling isearch-highlight you may find that a better +solution consists of customizing the @code{isearch} face. + +@node Q3.10.4, Q3.10.5, Q3.10.3, Customization +@section How do I turn off highlighting after @kbd{C-x C-p} (mark-page)? + +Put this in your @code{.emacs}: + +@lisp +(setq zmacs-regions nil) +@end lisp + +@strong{Warning: This command turns off all region highlighting.} + +@node Q3.10.5, , Q3.10.4, Customization +@section The region disappears when I hit the end of buffer while scrolling. + +How do I turn this feature (if it indeed is a feature) off? + +Like this: + +@lisp +(defadvice scroll-up (around scroll-up freeze) + (interactive "_P") + (let ((zmacs-region-stays t)) + (if (interactive-p) + (condition-case nil + ad-do-it + (end-of-buffer (goto-char (point-max)))) + ad-do-it))) + +(defadvice scroll-down (around scroll-down freeze) + (interactive "_P") + (let ((zmacs-region-stays t)) + (if (interactive-p) + (condition-case nil + ad-do-it + (beginning-of-buffer (goto-char (point-min)))) + ad-do-it))) +@end lisp + +Thanks to T. V. Raman <raman@@adobe.com> for assistance in deriving this +answer. + +@node Subsystems, Miscellaneous, Customization, Top +@chapter Major Subsystems + +This is part 4 of the XEmacs Frequently Asked Questions list. This +section is devoted to major XEmacs subsystems. + +@menu +Reading Mail with VM: +* Q4.0.1:: How do I set up VM to retrieve remote mail using POP? +* Q4.0.2:: How do I get VM to filter mail for me? +* Q4.0.3:: How can I get VM to automatically check for new mail? +* Q4.0.4:: [This question intentionally left blank] +* Q4.0.5:: How do I get my outgoing mail archived? +* Q4.0.6:: I have various addresses at which I receive mail. How can I tell VM to ignore them when doing a "reply-all"? +* Q4.0.7:: Is there a mailing list or FAQ for VM? +* Q4.0.8:: Remote Mailreading with VM. +* Q4.0.9:: rmail or VM gets an error incorporating new mail. +* Q4.0.10:: How do I make VM stay in a single frame? +* Q4.0.11:: How do I make VM or mh-e display graphical smilies? +* Q4.0.12:: Customization of VM not covered in the manual or here. + +Web browsing with W3: +* Q4.1.1:: What is W3? +* Q4.1.2:: How do I run W3 from behind a firewall? + +Reading Netnews and Mail with Gnus: +* Q4.2.1:: GNUS, (ding) Gnus, Gnus 5, September Gnus, Red Gnus, argh! +* Q4.2.2:: [This question intentionally left blank] +* Q4.2.3:: How do I make Gnus stay within a single frame? +* Q4.2.4:: How do I customize the From: line? + +Other Mail & News: +* Q4.3.1:: How can I read and/or compose MIME messages? +* Q4.3.2:: What is TM and where do I get it? +* Q4.3.3:: Why isn't this @code{movemail} program working? +* Q4.3.4:: Movemail is also distributed by Netscape? Can that cause problems? +* Q4.3.5:: Where do I find pstogif (required by tm)? + +Sparcworks, EOS, and WorkShop: +* Q4.4.1:: What is SPARCworks, EOS, and WorkShop + +Energize: +* Q4.5.1:: What is/was Energize? + +Infodock: +* Q4.6.1:: What is Infodock? + +Other Unbundled Packages: +* Q4.7.1:: What is AucTeX? Where do you get it? +* Q4.7.2:: Are there any Emacs Lisp Spreadsheets? +* Q4.7.3:: Byte compiling AucTeX on XEmacs 19.14 +* Q4.7.4:: Problems installing AucTeX +@end menu + +@node Q4.0.1, Q4.0.2, Subsystems, Subsystems +@section How do I set up VM to retrieve mail from a remote site using POP? + +Use @code{vm-spool-files}, like this for example: + +@lisp +(setq vm-spool-files '("/var/spool/mail/wing" + "netcom23.netcom.com:110:pass:wing:MYPASS")) +@end lisp + +Of course substitute your actual password for MYPASS. + +@node Q4.0.2, Q4.0.3, Q4.0.1, Subsystems +@section How do I get VM to filter mail for me? + +One possibility is to use procmail to split your mail before it gets to +VM. I prefer this personally, since there are many strange and +wonderful things one can do with procmail. Procmail may be found at +<URL:ftp://ftp.informatik.rwth-aachen.de/pub/packages/procmail/>. + +Also see the Mail Filtering FAQ at: +<URL:http://www.cis.ohio-state.edu/hypertext/faq/usenet/mail/filtering-faq/faq.html>. + +Another possibility is to check out Gnus 5. Gnus 5 has mail splitting +capability, and can use VM as a mail reading backend. + +@node Q4.0.3, Q4.0.4, Q4.0.2, Subsystems +@section How can I get VM to automatically check for new mail? + +John Turner <turner@@lanl.gov> writes: + +@quotation +Use the following: + +@lisp +(setq vm-auto-get-new-mail 60) +@end lisp +@end quotation + +@node Q4.0.4, Q4.0.5, Q4.0.3, Subsystems +@section [This question intentionally left blank] + +Obsolete question, left blank to avoid renumbering. + +@node Q4.0.5, Q4.0.6, Q4.0.4, Subsystems +@section How do I get my outgoing mail archived? + +@lisp +(setq mail-archive-file-name "~/outbox") +@end lisp + +@node Q4.0.6, Q4.0.7, Q4.0.5, Subsystems +@section I have various addresses at which I receive mail. How can I tell VM to ignore them when doing a "reply-all"? + +Set @code{vm-reply-ignored-addresses} to a list, like + +@lisp +(setq vm-reply-ignored-addresses '("wing@@netcom[0-9]*.netcom.com" + "wing@@netcom.com" "wing@@666.com")) +@end lisp + +Note that each string is a regular expression. + +@node Q4.0.7, Q4.0.8, Q4.0.6, Subsystems +@section Is there a mailing list or FAQ for VM? + +There is no archived FAQ for VM. + +Kyle Jones <kyle_jones@@wonderworks.com> writes: + +@quotation +No, I'm too atavistic to write one. For some reason I'd rather just +answer the questions myself. I guess it serves a purpose in that the VM +user community knows that I'm still alive, despite the 9 months since +the last release. +@end quotation + +VM has its own newsgroup gnu.emacs.vm.info. + +@node Q4.0.8, Q4.0.9, Q4.0.7, Subsystems +@section Remote Mailreading with VM. + +My mailbox lives at the office on a big honkin server. My regular INBOX +lives on my honkin desktop machine. I now can PPP to the office from +home which is far from honking... I'd like to be able to read mail at +home without storing it here and I'd like to use xemacs and VM at +home... Is there a recommended setup? + +Joseph J. Nuspl Jr. <nuspl@@nvwls.cc.purdue.edu> writes: + +@quotation +There are several ways to do this. + +@enumerate +@item +Set your display to your home machine and run dxpc or one of the other X +compressors. + +@item +NFS mount your desktop machine on your home machine and modify your pop +command on your home machine to rsh to your desktop machine and actually +do the pop get's. + +@item +Run a POP server on your desktop machine as well and do a sort of two +tiered POP get. +@end enumerate +@end quotation + +William Perry <wmperry@@monolith.spry.com> adds: + +@quotation +Or you could run a pop script periodically on your desktop machine, and +just use ange-ftp or NFS to get to your mailbox. I used to do this all +the time back at IU. +@end quotation + +@node Q4.0.9, Q4.0.10, Q4.0.8, Subsystems +@section rmail or VM gets an error incorporating new mail. + +>From the XEmacs PROBLEMS file: + +@quotation +rmail and VM get new mail from @file{/usr/spool/mail/$USER} using a +program called @code{movemail}. This program interlocks with +@code{/bin/mail} using the protocol defined by @code{/bin/mail}. + +There are two different protocols in general use. One of them uses the +@code{flock} system call. The other involves creating a lock file; +@code{movemail} must be able to write in @file{/usr/spool/mail} in order +to do this. You control which one is used by defining, or not defining, +the macro @code{MAIL_USE_FLOCK} in @file{config.h} or the m- or s- file +it includes. + +@strong{IF YOU DON'T USE THE FORM OF INTERLOCKING THAT IS NORMAL ON YOUR +SYSTEM, YOU CAN LOSE MAIL!} + +If your system uses the lock file protocol, and fascist restrictions +prevent ordinary users from writing the lock files in +@file{/usr/spool/mail}, you may need to make @code{movemail} setgid to a +suitable group such as @samp{mail}. You can use these commands (as +root): + +@example +chgrp mail movemail +chmod 2755 movemail +@end example + +If your system uses the lock file protocol, and fascist restrictions +prevent ordinary users from writing the lock files in +@file{/usr/spool/mail}, you may need to make @code{movemail} setgid to a +suitable group such as @code{mail}. To do this, use the following +commands (as root) after doing the make install. + +@example +chgrp mail movemail +chmod 2755 movemail +@end example + +Installation normally copies movemail from the build directory to an +installation directory which is usually under @file{/usr/local/lib}. +The installed copy of @code{movemail} is usually in the directory +@file{/usr/local/lib/emacs/VERSION/TARGET}. You must change the group +and mode of the installed copy; changing the group and mode of the build +directory copy is ineffective. +@end quotation + +@node Q4.0.10, Q4.0.11, Q4.0.9, Subsystems +@section How do I make VM stay in a single frame? + +John S Cooper <John.Cooper@@Eng.Sun.COM> writes: + +@quotation +@lisp +; Don't use multiple frames +(setq vm-frame-per-composition nil) +(setq vm-frame-per-folder nil) +(setq vm-frame-per-edit nil) +(setq vm-frame-per-summary nil) +@end lisp +@end quotation + +@node Q4.0.11, Q4.0.12, Q4.0.10, Subsystems +@section How do I make VM or mh-e display graphical smilies? + +For mh-e use the following: + +@lisp +(add-hook 'mh-show-mode-hook '(lambda () (smiley-region (point-min) + (point-max)))) +@end lisp + +For vm use the following: +@lisp +(require 'messagexmas) +(require 'smiley) +(add-hook 'vm-select-message-hook '(lambda () (smiley-region (point-min) + (point-max)))) +@end lisp + +For tm use the following: +@lisp +(autoload 'smiley-buffer "smiley" nil t) +(add-hook 'mime-viewer/plain-text-preview-hook 'smiley-buffer) +@end lisp + +@node Q4.0.12, Q4.1.1, Q4.0.11, Subsystems +@section Customization of VM not covered in the manual, or here. + +giacomo boffi <boffi@@hp735.stru.polimi.it> writes: + +@quotation +The meta-answer is to look into the file @file{vm-vars.el}, in the vm +directory of the lisp library. + +@file{vm-vars.el} contains, initializes and carefully describes, with +examples of usage, the plethora of user options that @emph{fully} +control VM's behavior. + +Enter vm-vars, @code{forward-search} for toolbar, find the variables +that control the toolbar placement, appearance, existence, copy to your +@file{.emacs} or @file{.vm} and modify according to the detailed +instructions. + +The above also applies to all the various features of VM: search for +some keywords, maybe the first you conjure isn't appropriate, find the +appropriate variables, copy and experiment. +@end quotation + +@node Q4.1.1, Q4.1.2, Q4.0.12, Subsystems +@section What is W3? + +W3 is an advanced graphical browser written in Emacs lisp that runs on +XEmacs. It has full support for cascaded style sheets, and more... + +It has a home web page at +<URL:http://www.cs.indiana.edu/elisp/w3/docs.html>. + +@node Q4.1.2, Q4.2.1, Q4.1.1, Subsystems +@section How do I run W3 from behind a firewall? + +There is a long, well-written, detailed section in the W3 manual that +describes how to do this. Look in the section entitled "Firewalls". + +@node Q4.2.1, Q4.2.2, Q4.1.2, Subsystems +@section GNUS, (ding) Gnus, Gnus 5, September Gnus, Red Gnus, Mamey Sapote Gnus, argh! + +Please see <URL:http://www.ccs.neu.edu/software/gnus/> for details. + +@node Q4.2.2, Q4.2.3, Q4.2.1, Subsystems +@section This question intentionally left blank. + +Obsolete question, left blank to avoid renumbering. + +@node Q4.2.3, Q4.2.4, Q4.2.2, Subsystems +@section How do I make Gnus stay within a single frame? + +When starting Gnus from the toolbar it is automatically put into a new +frame. Gnus not being frame-aware code, has no provision to disable +this feature. If you feel this is a problem here are some workarounds: + +@enumerate +@item +Don't start Gnus from the toolbar, use @kbd{M-x gnus}. This is what I +do. + +@item +Redefine the function called by the toolbar: + +@lisp +(defun toolbar-news () + "Run Gnus in the frame it was started from." + (interactive) + (gnus)) +@end lisp +@end enumerate + +@node Q4.2.4, Q4.3.1, Q4.2.3, Subsystems +@section How do I customize the From: line? + +How do I change the @code{From:} line? I have set gnus-user-from-line +to Gail Gurman <gail.gurman@@sybase.com>, but XEmacs Gnus doesn't use +it. Instead it uses Gail Mara Gurman <gailg@@deall> and then complains +that it's incorrect. Also, as you perhaps can see, my Message-ID is +screwy. How can I change that? + +Lars Magne Ingebrigtsen <larsi@@aegir.ifi.uio.no> writes: + +@quotation +Set @code{user-mail-address} to @samp{gail.gurman@@sybase.com} or +@code{mail-host-address} to @samp{sybase.com}. +@end quotation + +@node Q4.3.1, Q4.3.2, Q4.2.4, Subsystems +@section How can I read and/or compose MIME messages? + +One answer is @code{tra-vm-mime}. You may find it at +<URL:http://lenkkari.cs.tut.fi/~tra/software/tra-vm-mime.el>. + +Another possibility is RMIME. You may find RMIME at +<URL:http://www.cinti.net/~rmoody/rmime/index.html>. + +You probably want to use the Tools for MIME (tm). @xref{Q4.3.2} for +details. + +Trey Jackson <trey@@cs.berkeley.edu> has an Emacs & MIME web page at +<URL:http://bmrc.berkeley.edu/~trey/emacs/mime.html>. + +@node Q4.3.2, Q4.3.3, Q4.3.1, Subsystems +@section What is TM and where do I get it? + +TM stands for @dfn{Tools for MIME} and not Tiny MIME. TM integrates +with all major XEmacs packages like Gnus (all flavors), VM, MH-E, and +mailcrypt. It provides totally transparent and trouble-free MIME +support. When appropriate a message will be decoded in place in an +XEmacs buffer. + +TM was written by MORIOKA Tomohiko <morioka@@jaist.ac.jp> and KOBAYASHI +Shuhei <shuhei-k@@jaist.ac.jp>. It is based on the work of UMEDA +Masanobu <umerin@@mse.kyutech.ac.jp>, the original writer of GNUS. + +The following information is from the @file{README}: + +@dfn{tm} is a MIME package for GNU Emacs. +tm has following functions: + +@itemize @bullet +@item MIME style multilingual header. +@item MIME message viewer (mime/viewer-mode). +@item MIME message composer (mime/editor-mode). +@item MIME extenders for mh-e, GNUS, RMAIL and VM. +@end itemize + +tm is available from following anonymous ftp sites: +@itemize @bullet +@item <URL:ftp://ftp.jaist.ac.jp/pub/GNU/elisp/mime/> (Japan). +@item <URL:ftp://ftp.nis.co.jp/pub/gnu/emacs-lisp/tm/> (Japan). +@item <URL:ftp://ftp.nisiq.net/pub/gnu/emacs-lisp/tm/> (US). +@item <URL:ftp://ftp.miranova.com/pub/gnus/jaist.ac.jp/> (US). +@item <URL:ftp://ftp.unicamp.br/pub/mail/mime/tm/> (Brasil). +@item <URL:ftp://ftp.th-darmstadt.de/pub/editors/GNU-Emacs/lisp/mime/> (Germany). +@item <URL:ftp://ftp.tnt.uni-hannover.de/pub/editors/xemacs/contrib/> (Germany). +@end itemize + +Don't let the installation procedure & instructions stop you from trying +this package out---it's much simpler than it looks, and once installed, +trivial to use. + +@node Q4.3.3, Q4.3.4, Q4.3.2, Subsystems +@section Why isn't this @code{movemail} program working? + +Ben Wing <ben@@666.com> writes: + +@quotation +It wasn't chown'ed/chmod'd correctly. +@end quotation + +@node Q4.3.4, Q4.3.5, Q4.3.3, Subsystems +@section Movemail is also distributed by Netscape? Can that cause problems? + +Steve Baur <steve@@altair.xemacs.org> writes: + +@quotation +Yes. Always use the movemail installed with your XEmacs. Failure to do +so can result in lost mail. +@end quotation + +Please refer to Jamie Zawinski's <jwz@@netscape.com> notes at +<URL:http://home.netscape.com/eng/mozilla/2.0/relnotes/demo/movemail.html>. +In particular, this document will show you how to make Netscape use the +version of movemail configured for your system by the person who built +XEmacs. + +@node Q4.3.5, Q4.4.1, Q4.3.4, Subsystems +@section Where do I find pstogif (required by tm)? + +pstogif is part of the latex2html package. + +Jan Vroonhof <vroonhof@@math.ethz.ch> writes: + +latex2html is best found at the CTAN hosts and their mirrors +in @file{tex-archive/support/latex2html}. + +CTAN hosts are: + +@itemize @bullet +@item <URL:ftp://ftp.tex.ac.uk/tex-archive/support/latex2html/>. +@item <URL:ftp://ftp.dante.de/tex-archive/support/latex2html/>. +@end itemize + +There is a good mirror at ftp.cdrom.com; +<URL:ftp://ftp.cdrom.com/pub/tex/ctan/support/latex2html/>. + +@node Q4.4.1, Q4.5.1, Q4.3.5, Subsystems +@section What is SPARCworks, EOS, and WorkShop? + +John Turner <turner@@lanl.gov> writes: + +@quotation +SPARCworks is SunSoft's development environment, comprising compilers +(C, C++, FORTRAN 77, Fortran 90, Ada, and Pascal), a debugger, and other +tools such as TeamWare (for configuration management), MakeTool, etc. +@end quotation + +See <URL:http://www.sun.com/sunsoft/Developer-products/products.html> +for more info. + +EOS stands for "Era on SPARCworks", but I don't know what Era stands +for. + +EOS is the integration of XEmacs with the SPARCworks debugger. It +allows one to use an XEmacs frame to view code (complete with +fontification, etc.), set breakpoints, print variables, etc., while +using the SPARCworks debugger. It works very well and I use it all the +time. + +Chuck Thompson <cthomp@@xemacs.org> writes: + +@quotation +Era stood for "Emacs Rewritten Again". It was what we were calling the +modified version of Lucid Emacs for Sun when I was dragged, er, allowed +to work on this wonderful editor. +@end quotation + +Martin Buchholz <Martin.Buchholz@@sun.com> writes: + +@quotation +EOS is being replaced with a new graphical development environment +called Sun WorkShop, which is currently (07/96) in Alpha Test. For more +details, check out +<URL:http://www.sun.com/sunsoft/Products/Developer-products/programs.html>. +@end quotation + +@node Q4.5.1, Q4.6.1, Q4.4.1, Subsystems +@section What is/was Energize? + +David N Gray <gray@@meteor.harlequin.com> writes: +@quotation +The files in @file{lisp/energize} are to enable Emacs to interface with +the "Energize Programming System", a C and C++ development environment, +which was a product of Lucid, Inc. Tragically, Lucid went out of +business in 1994, so although Energize is still a great system, if you +don't already have it, there isn't any way to get it now. (Unless you +happen to be in Japan; INS Engineering may still be selling it there. +Tartan bought the rights to sell it in the rest of the world, but never +did so.) +@end quotation + +@node Q4.6.1, Q4.7.1, Q4.5.1, Subsystems +@section What is Infodock? + +NB: the information in this section is quite dated. InfoDock is an integrated productivity toolset, mainly aimed at technical people. It is built atop the XEmacs variant of GNU Emacs and @@ -387,33 +3730,40 @@ Emacs Manual. InfoDock menus are much more extensive and more mature than standard -Emacs menus. Each menu offers a @samp{Manual} item which displays +Emacs menus. Each menu offers a @code{Manual} item which displays documentation associated with the menu's functions. - + Three types of menubars are provided: + @enumerate @item An extensive menubar providing access to global InfoDock commands. + @item Mode-specific menubars tailored to the current major mode. + @item -A simple menubar for basic editing to help novices get started with InfoDock. +A simple menubar for basic editing to help novices get started +with InfoDock. @end enumerate -Most modes also include mode-specific popup menus. Additionally, region and -rectangle popup menus are included. +Most modes also include mode-specific popup menus. Additionally, region +and rectangle popup menus are included. + @itemize @bullet @item -@samp{Hyperbole}, the everyday information manager, is a core part of +@dfn{Hyperbole}, the everyday information manager, is a core part of InfoDock. This provides context-sensitive mouse keys, a rolodex-type contact manager, programmable hypertext buttons, and an autonumbered outliner with embedded hyperlink anchors. + @item -@samp{PIEmail}, the prototype Personalized Information Environment Mail +@dfn{PIEmail}, the prototype Personalized Information Environment Mail Tool, is included. + @item -The @samp{OO-Browser}, a multi-language object-oriented code browser, is a -standard part of InfoDock. +The @dfn{OO-Browser}, a multi-language object-oriented code browser, is +a standard part of InfoDock. @end itemize InfoDock saves a more extensive set of user options than other Emacs @@ -427,666 +3777,588 @@ Your working set of buffers is automatically saved and restored (if you answer yes to a prompt) between InfoDock sessions. -Refined color choices for code highlighting are provided for both dark and -light background display frames. - -The @kbd{C-z} key prefix performs frame-based commands which parallel the -@kbd{C-x} key prefix for window-based commands. +Refined color choices for code highlighting are provided for both dark +and light background display frames. + +The @kbd{C-z} key prefix performs frame-based commands which parallel +the @kbd{C-x} key prefix for window-based commands. The Smart Menu system is included for producing command menus on dumb -terminals. (InfoDock does not yet run on dumb terminals but will in 1995.) +terminals. (InfoDock does not yet run on dumb terminals but will in +1995.) Lisp libraries are better categorized according to function. -Extensions and improvements to many areas of Emacs are included, such as: -paragraph filling, mail reading with Rmail, shell handling, outlining, code -highlighting and browsing, and man page browsing. +Extensions and improvements to many areas of Emacs are included, such +as: paragraph filling, mail reading with Rmail, shell handling, +outlining, code highlighting and browsing, and man page browsing. + InfoDock questions, answers and discussion should go to the mail list -@samp{infodock@@hub.ucsb.edu}. Use -@samp{infodock-request@@hub.ucsb.edu} to be added or removed from the -list. Always include your InfoDock version number when sending help -requests. - -InfoDock is available across the Internet via anonymous FTP. To get -it, first move to a directory into which you want the InfoDock archive -files placed. We will call this <DIST-DIR>. - +<URL:mailto:infodock@@hub.ucsb.edu>. + +Use <URL:mailto:infodock-request@@hub.ucsb.edu> to be added or removed +from the list. Always include your InfoDock version number when sending +help requests. + +InfoDock is available across the Internet via anonymous FTP. To get it, +first move to a directory into which you want the InfoDock archive files +placed. We will call this <DIST-DIR>. + @example - cd <DIST-DIR> +cd <DIST-DIR> @end example FTP to ftp.cs.uiuc.edu (Internet Host ID = 128.174.252.1): @example - prompt> ftp ftp.cs.uiuc.edu +prompt> ftp ftp.cs.uiuc.edu @end example -Login as @samp{anonymous} with your own <user-id>@@<site-name> as a password. - -@example - Name (ftp.cs.uiuc.edu): anonymous - 331 Guest login ok, send your complete e-mail address as password. - Password: -<your-user-id@@your-domain> - 230 Guest login ok, access restrictions apply. +Login as anonymous with your own <user-id>@@<site-name> as a password. + +@example +Name (ftp.cs.uiuc.edu): anonymous +331 Guest login ok, send your complete e-mail address as password. +Password: -<your-user-id@@your-domain> +230 Guest login ok, access restrictions apply. @end example Move to the location of the InfoDock archives: @example - ftp> cd pub/xemacs/infodock +ftp> cd pub/xemacs/infodock @end example Set your transfer mode to binary: @example - ftp> bin - 200 Type set to I. +ftp> bin +200 Type set to I. @end example Turn off prompting: @example - ftp> prompt - Interactive mode off. +ftp> prompt +Interactive mode off. @end example Retrieve the InfoDock archives that you want, either by using a -@samp{get <file>} for each file you want or by using the following to +@code{get <file>} for each file you want or by using the following to get a complete distribution, including all binaries: @example - ftp> mget ID-INSTALL - ftp> mget id-* +ftp> mget ID-INSTALL +ftp> mget id-* @end example Close the FTP connection: @example - ftp> quit - 221 Goodbye. +ftp> quit +221 Goodbye. @end example Read the @file{ID-INSTALL} file which you just retrieved for step-by-step installation instructions. - - -@node 2. Compiling XEmacs, 3. Problems running XEmacs / weird messages, 1. Introductory Questions, top -@chapter 2. Compiling XEmacs - -@menu -* 2.1.:: 2.1. What is the best way to compile XEmacs with the netaudio system, since I have got the netaudio system compiled but installed at a weird place, I am not root. Also in the READMEs it does not say anything about compiling with the audioserver? -@end menu - - -@node 2.1. -@section 2.1. What is the best way to compile XEmacs with the netaudio system, since I have got the netaudio system compiled but installed at a weird place, I am not root. Also in the READMEs it does not say anything about compiling with the audioserver? - -You should only need to add some stuff to the configure command line. To tell -it to compile in netaudio support: - -@example ---with-sound=both -@end example - -(Or @samp{--with-sound=nas} if you don't want native sound support for -some reason.) To tell it where to find the netaudio includes and -libraries: - -@example ---site-libraries=WHATEVER ---site-includes=WHATEVER -@end example - -Then (fingers crossed) it should compile and it will use netaudio if you -have a server running corresponding to the X server. The netaudio server -has to be there when XEmacs starts. If the netaudio server goes away and -another is run, XEmacs should cope (fingers crossed, error handling in -netaudio isn't perfect). - -BTW, netaudio has been renamed as it has a name clash with something -else, so if you see references to NAS or Network Audio System, it's the -@ifinfo -same thing. It also might be found at - -@example -ftp.x.org:/contrib/audio/nas/ -ftp.ncd.com:/pub/ncd/technology/src/nas/ -@end example -@end ifinfo -@ifhtml -same thing. It also might be found at -<A HREF="ftp://ftp.x.org/contrib/audio/nas/">ftp.x.org:/contrib/audio/nas/</A> -<A HREF="ftp://ftp.ncd.com:/pub/ncd/technology/src/nas/">ftp.ncd.com:/pub/ncd/technology/src/nas/</A> -@end ifhtml - -@node 3. Problems running XEmacs / weird messages, 4. Customization -- Emacs Lisp and the .emacs file, 2. Compiling XEmacs, top -@chapter 3. Problems running XEmacs / weird messages - -@menu -* 3.1.:: 3.1. Help! XEmacs just crashed on me! -* 3.2.:: 3.2. When I try to use some particular option of some particular package, I get a cryptic error in the minibuffer. -* 3.3.:: 3.3. I get tons of translation table syntax error messages during startup. How do I get rid of them? -* 3.4.:: 3.4. How can I avoid the startup warnings about deducing proper fonts? -* 3.5.:: 3.5. Help! I can not get XEmacs to display on my Envizex X-terminal! -* 3.6.:: 3.6. Why do I get weird messages about giftoppm and ppmdither not being found? -* 3.7.:: 3.7. How can I avoid those messages about deleting excess backup files? -* 3.8.:: 3.8. Help! XEmacs just locked up my X server on my Linux box! -@end menu - - -@node 3.1. -@section 3.1. Help! XEmacs just crashed on me! - -First of all, don't panic. Whenever XEmacs crashes, it tries extremely -hard to auto-save all of your files before dying. (The main time that -this will not happen is if the machine physically lost power or if you -killed the XEmacs process using @samp{kill -9}.) The next time you -try to edit those files, you will be informed that a more recent -auto-save file exists. You can use @kbd{M-x recover-file} to retrieve -the auto-saved version of the file. - -Now, XEmacs is not perfect, and there may occasionally be times, or -particular sequences of actions, that cause it to crash. If you can -come up with a reproducible way of doing this (or even if you have a -pretty good memory of exactly what you were doing at the time), the -maintainers would be very interested in knowing about it. Post a -message to @samp{comp.emacs.xemacs} or send mail to -@samp{xemacs@@cs.uiuc.edu}. - -If at all possible, include a stack backtrace of the core dump that was -produced. This shows where exactly things went wrong, and makes it much -easier to diagnose problems. To do this, you need to locate the core -file (it's called @samp{core}, and is usually sitting in the directory -that you started XEmacs from, or your home directory if that other -directory was not writable). Then, go to that directory and execute a -command like - -@example -gdb `which xemacs` core -@end example - -and then issue the command @samp{where} to get the stack backtrace. -(You might have to use @samp{dbx} or some similar debugger in place -of @samp{gdb}. If you don't have any such debugger available, -complain to your system administrator.) - -It's possible that a core file didn't get produced, in which case -you're out of luck. Go complain to your system administrator and -tell him not to disable core files by default. (If you explicitly -disabled core files, then double shame on you!) - - -@node 3.2. -@section 3.2. When I try to use some particular option of some particular package, I get a cryptic error in the minibuffer. - -If you can't figure out what's going on, try typing @kbd{ESC ESC} and -issuing the command - -@example -(setq debug-on-error t) -@end example - -and then try and make the error happen again. This will give you a -backtrace that may be enlightening. If not, try reading farther down in -this FAQ; if that fails, you could try posting to -@samp{comp.emacs.xemacs} (making sure to include the backtrace) and -someone may be able to help. - - -@node 3.3. -@section 3.3. I get tons of translation table syntax error messages during startup. How do I get rid of them? - -There are two causes of this problem. The first usually only strikes -people using the prebuilt binaries. The culprit in both cases is the -file @file{XKeysymDB}. -@itemize @bullet -@item -The binary cannot find the XKeysymDB file. The location is hardcoded at -compile time so if the system the binary was built on puts it a -different place than your system does, you have problems. To fix, set -the environment variable @samp{XKEYSYMDB} to the location of the -XKeysymDB file on your system or to the location of the one included -with XEmacs which should be at: - -@example -<xemacs_root_directory>/lib/xemacs-19.13/etc/XKeysymDB -@end example - -@item -The binary is finding the XKeysymDB but it is out-of-date on your system -and does not contain the necessary lines. Either ask your system -administrator to replace it with the one which comes with XEmacs (which -is the stock R6 version and is backwards compatible) or set your -@samp{XKEYSYMDB} variable to the location of XEmacs's described above. -@end itemize - - -@node 3.4. -@section 3.4. How can I avoid the startup warnings about deducing proper fonts? - -This is highly dependent on your installation, but try with the -following font as your base font for XEmacs and see what it does: - -@example --adobe-courier-medium-r-*-*-*-120-*-*-*-*-iso8859-1 -@end example - -More precisely, do the following in your resource file: - -@example -Emacs.default.attributeFont: -adobe-courier-medium-r-*-*-*-120-*-*-*-*-iso8859-1 -@end example - - -@node 3.5. -@section 3.5. Help! I can not get XEmacs to display on my Envizex X-terminal! - -Try setting the DISPLAY variable using the numeric IP address of the -host you are running XEmacs from. - - -@node 3.6. -@section 3.6. Why do I get weird messages about giftoppm and ppmdither not being found? - -Because they are not. You are probably trying to read some HTML files, -or using W3-mode as your Web client. To display inline pictures, this -requires the above programs (which can be found in the netpbm package or -its older version, pbmplus). The netpbm package can be found at -@ifinfo -@samp{ftp.x.org}, or any of its mirror sites. It can also be found at -@samp{ftp.cs.uiuc.edu:/pub/xemacs/aux}. -@end ifinfo -@ifhtml -<A HREF="ftp://ftp.x.org/contrib/utilities/">ftp.x.org:/contrib/utilities/</A> -. It can also be found at -<A HREF="ftp://ftp.cs.uiuc.edu/pub/xemacs/aux/">ftp.cs.uiuc.edu:/pub/xemacs/aux/</A> -@end ifhtml - - -@node 3.7. -@section 3.7. How can I avoid those messages about deleting excess backup files? - - -Try the following Emacs-Lisp: +@emph{Note}: Hyperbole, the KOutliner, and OO-Browser are included in +XEmacs 19.14. + +@node Q4.7.1, Q4.7.2, Q4.6.1, Subsystems +@section What is AucTeX? Where do you get it? + +AucTeX is a package written by Per Abrahamsen <abraham@@dina.kvl.dk>. +The following information is from the @file{README} and website. + +AUC TeX is an extensible package that supports writing and formatting +TeX files for most variants of GNU Emacs. Many different macro packages +are supported, including AMS TeX, LaTeX, and TeXinfo. + +The most recent version is always available by ftp at +<URL:ftp://sunsite.auc.dk/packages/auctex/auctex.tar.gz>. + +In case you don't have access to anonymous ftp, you can get it by an +email request to <URL:mailto:ftpmail@@decwrl.dec.com>. + +WWW users may want to check out the AUC TeX page at +<URL:http://sunsite.auc.dk/auctex/>. + +@node Q4.7.2, Q4.7.3, Q4.7.1, Subsystems +@section Are there any Emacs Lisp Spreadsheets? + +Yes. Check out @dfn{dismal} (which stands for Dis' Mode Ain't Lotus) at +<URL:ftp://cs.nyu.edu/pub/local/fox/dismal/>. + +@node Q4.7.3, Q4.7.4, Q4.7.2, Subsystems +@section Byte compiling AucTeX on XEmacs 19.14. + +Georges Brun-Cottan <bruncott@@dormeur.inria.fr> writes: + +@quotation +When byte compiling auxtex-9.4g, you must use the command: @example -(setq version-control t) -(setq kept-old-versions 0) -(setq kept-new-versions 8) -(if (string-match "XEmacs\\|Lucid" emacs-version) - (setq trim-versions-without-asking t) - (setq delete-old-versions t)) -@end example - -@node 3.8. -@section 3.8. Help! XEmacs just locked up my X server on my Linux box! - -There have been several reports of the X server locking up under Linux. -In all reported cases removing speedo and scaled fonts from the font -path corrected the problem. This can be done with the command 'xset'. - -It is possible that using a font server may also solve the problem. - - - -@node 4. Customization -- Emacs Lisp and the .emacs file, 5. Customization -- X resources, 3. Problems running XEmacs / weird messages, top -@chapter 4. Customization -- Emacs Lisp and the .emacs file - -@menu -* 4.1.:: 4.1. How can @file{.emacs} determine which of the family of emacsen I am using? -* 4.2.:: 4.2. How can I detect a color display? -* 4.3.:: 4.3. How can I evaluate emacs-lisp expressions without switching to the *scratch* buffer? -* 4.4.:: 4.4. If you put (setq tab-width 6) in your @file{.emacs} file it does not work! Is there a reason for this. If you do it at the EVAL prompt it works fine!! How strange. -* 4.5.:: 4.5. How can I add directories to the load-path? -* 4.6.:: 4.6. How to check if a lisp function is defined or not? -* 4.7.:: 4.7. Can I force the output of (list-faces) to a buffer other than the minibuffer since it is too wide to fit? -@end menu - - -@node 4.1. -@section 4.1. How can @file{.emacs} determine which of the family of Emacsen I am using? - -To determine if you are currently running GNU Emacs 18, GNU Emacs 19, -XEmacs 19, or Epoch, and use appropriate code, check out the example -given in @file{etc/sample.emacs}. There are other nifty things in there -as well! Alternatively, there is a package, @file{emacs-vers.el}, -available at an Emacs-Lisp archive near you; try searching - -@example -archive.cis.ohio-state.edu:/pub/gnu/emacs/elisp-archive/misc/ -@end example - - -@node 4.2. -@section 4.2. How can I detect a color display? - -You can test the return value of the function -@code{(device-class)}, as in: - -@example -(if (eq (device-class) 'color) - (progn - (set-face-foreground 'font-lock-comment-face "Grey") - (set-face-foreground 'font-lock-string-face "Red") - .... - )) -@end example - - -@node 4.3. -@section 4.3. How can I evaluate Emacs-Lisp expressions without switching to the *scratch* buffer? - -@example -(put 'eval-expression 'disabled nil) -@end example - -This sets it so that hitting @kbd{ESC ESC} lets you type a single -expression to be evaluated. This line can also be put into your -@file{.emacs}. - - -@node 4.4. -@section 4.4. If you put (setq tab-width 6) in your @file{.emacs} file it does not work! Is there a reason for this. If you do it at the EVAL prompt it works fine!! How strange. - -Use setq-default, since tab-width is all-buffer-local. - - -@node 4.5. -@section 4.5. How can I add directories to the load-path? - -Here are two ways to do that, one that puts your directories at the front of -the load-path, the other at the end: - -@example -;;; Add things at the beginning of the load-path -(setq load-path (cons "bar" load-path)) -(setq load-path (cons "foo" load-path)) - -;;; Add things at the end -(setq load-path (append load-path '("foo" "bar"))) -@end example - - -@node 4.6. -@section 4.6. How to check if a lisp function is defined or not? - -Use the following elisp: - -@example -(fboundp 'foo) +xemacs -batch -l lpath.el @end example - -It's always a mistake, under all circumstances, to test `emacs-version' or -any similar variables, in case they are not bound, unless you do the above. - -Instead, use feature-tests, such as featurep or boundp or fboundp, or -even simple behavioural tests, eg - (defvar foo-old-losing-code? (condition-case nil (progn (losing-code t) nil) - (wrong-number-of-arguments t))) - -There is an incredible amount of broken code out there which could -work much better more often in more places if it did the above instead -of trying to divine its environment from the value of one variable. - - -@node 4.7. -@section 4.7. Can I force the output of (face-list) to a buffer other than the minibuffer since it is too wide to fit? - -Evaluate the expression in the "*scratch*" buffer with point on the rightmost -paren and typing @kbd{C-j}. - - - -@node 5. Customization -- X resources, 6. Changing textual fonts and colors, 4. Customization -- Emacs Lisp and the .emacs file, top -@chapter 5. Customization -- X resources - -@menu -* 5.1.:: 5.1. Where is a list of X resources? -@end menu - - -@node 5.1. -@section 5.1. Where is a list of X resources? - -Search through the NEWS file for ``X Resources''. A fairly comprehensive list -is given after it. - -In addition, an app-defaults file is supplied, @file{etc/Emacs.ad}, -listing the defaults. The file @file{etc/sample.Xdefaults} gives a set -of defaults that you might consider. It is essentially the same as -@file{etc/Emacs.ad} but some entries are slightly altered. Be careful -about installing the contents of this file into your @file{.Xdefaults} -(.Xresources) file if you use FSF GNU Emacs under X11 as well. - - - -@node 6. Changing textual fonts and colors, 7. The modeline, 5. Customization -- X resources, top -@chapter 6. Changing textual fonts and colors - -@menu -* 6.1.:: 6.1. How do I set the text, menu and modeline fonts? -* 6.2.:: 6.2. How can I set the background/foreground colors when highlighting a region? -* 6.3.:: 6.3. How can I set the most commonly used color options from my @file{.emacs} instead of from my @file{.Xdefaults}? -@end menu - - -@node 6.1. -@section 6.1. How do I set the text, menu and modeline fonts? - -Note that you should use @samp{Emacs.} and not @samp{Emacs*} when -setting face values. - -In @file{.Xdefaults}: - -@example -Emacs.default.attributeFont: -*-*-medium-r-*-*-*-120-*-*-m-*-*-* -Emacs*menubar*font: fixed -Emacs.modeline.attributeFont: fixed -@end example - -This is confusing because modeline is a face, and can be found listed -with all faces in the current mode by using M-x set-face-font (enter) ?. -It uses the face specification of "attributeFont", while menubar is a -normal X thing that uses the specification "font". With Motif it may be -necessary to use "fontList" instead of "font". (Please rewrite this if -you understand this better than me ... A general description of faces -would be very useful. I am just saying that menubar is a FAQ because -it's not a face and not listed.) - - -@node 6.2. -@section 6.2. How can I set the background/foreground colors when highlighting a region? - -You can change the face `zmacs-region' either in your @file{.Xdefaults}: - -@example -Emacs.zmacs-region.attributeForeground: firebrick -Emacs.zmacs-region.attributeBackground: lightseagreen -@end example - -or in your @file{.emacs}: - -@example -(set-face-background 'zmacs-region "red") -(set-face-foreground 'zmacs-region "yellow") -@end example - - -@node 6.3. -@section 6.3. How can I set the most commonly used color options from my @file{.emacs} instead of from my @file{.Xdefaults}? - -@example -(set-face-background 'default "bisque") ; frame background -(set-face-foreground 'default "black") ; normal text -(set-face-background 'zmacs-region "red") ; When selecting w/ - ; mouse -(set-face-foreground 'zmacs-region "yellow") -(set-face-font 'default "*courier-bold-r*120-100-100*") -(set-face-background 'highlight "blue") ; Ie when selecting buffers -(set-face-foreground 'highlight "yellow") -(set-face-background 'modeline "blue") ; Line at bottom of buffer -(set-face-foreground 'modeline "white") -(set-face-font 'modeline "*bold-r-normal*140-100-100*") -(set-face-background 'isearch "yellow") ; When highlighting while - ; searching -(set-face-foreground 'isearch "red") -(setq x-pointer-foreground-color "black") ; Adds to bg color, - ; so keep black -(setq x-pointer-background-color "blue") ; This is color you really -@end example - ; want ptr/crsr - - -@node 7. The modeline, 8. The keyboard, 6. Changing textual fonts and colors, top -@chapter 7. The modeline - -@menu -* 7.1.:: 7.1. How can I make the modeline go away? -* 7.2.:: 7.2. How do you have XEmacs display the line number in the modeline? -* 7.3.:: 7.3. How do I get XEmacs to put the time of day on the modeline? -* 7.4.:: 7.4. How can one change the color of the modeline based on the mode used? i.e. red for C mode, green for TeX mode etc.? -@end menu - - -@node 7.1. -@section 7.1. How can I make the modeline go away? - -(set-specifier has-modeline-p nil) - - -@node 7.2. -@section 7.2. How do you have XEmacs display the line number in the modeline? - -Add the following line to your @file{.emacs} file: - -@example -(setq line-number-mode t) -@end example - - -@node 7.3. -@section 7.3. How do I get XEmacs to put the time of day on the modeline? - -@example -(display-time) -@end example - - -@node 7.4. -@section 7.4. How can one change the color of the modeline based on the mode used? i.e. red for C mode, green for TeX mode etc.? - -You can use something like the following: - -@example -(add-hook 'lisp-mode-hook - '(lambda () (set-face-background 'modeline "red" (current-buffer)) - (set-face-foreground 'modeline "yellow" (current-buffer)))) -@end example - -Then, when editing a Lisp file (ie went into Lisp mode), the modeline -colors change from the default set in your @file{.emacs}. The change -will only be made in the buffer you just entered (which contains the -Lisp file you are editing) and will not affect the modeline colors -anywhere else. - -Notes: +@end quotation + +@node Q4.7.4, , Q4.7.3, Subsystems +@section Problems installing AucTeX. + +Jan Vroonhof <vroonhof@@math.ethz.ch> writes: + +@quotation +AucTeX works fine on both stock Emacs and XEmacs has been doing so for a +very very long time. This is mostly due to the work of Per Abrahamsen +<abraham@@dina.kvl.dk> (clap clap) in particular his @file{easymenu} +package. Which leads to what is probably the problem... +@end quotation + +Most problems with AucTeX are one of two things: @itemize @bullet @item -The hook is the mode name plus "-hook". Ie c-mode-hook, c++-mode-hook, -emacs-lisp-mode-hook (ie your @file{.emacs} or a xx.el file), -lisp-interaction-mode-hook (the *scratch* buffer), text-mode-hook, etc. -@item -Be sure to use add-hook, not (setq c-mode-hook xxxx), otherwise you will -erase anything that anybody has already put on the hook. +The TeX-lisp-directory in @file{tex-site.el} and the makefile don't +match. + +Fix: make sure you configure AucTeX properly @strong{before} installing. + @item -You can also do (set-face-font 'modeline @code{font}), eg (set-face-font -'modeline "*bold-r-normal*140-100-100*" (current-buffer)) if you wish -the modeline font to vary based on the current mode. +You have an old version of easymenu.el in your path. + +Fix: use @code{locate-library} and remove old versions to make sure it +@strong{only} finds the one that came with XEmacs. @end itemize - -@node 8. The keyboard, 9. The cursor, 7. The modeline, top -@chapter 8. The keyboard +@node Miscellaneous, Current Events, Subsystems, Top +@chapter The Miscellaneous Stuff + +This is part 5 of the XEmacs Frequently Asked Questions list. This +section is devoted to anything that doesn't fit neatly into the other +sections. @menu -* 8.1.:: 8.1. What is the difference in key sequences between XEmacs and GNU Emacs? -* 8.2.:: 8.2. How can I make XEmacs recognize the Alt key of my HP workstation as a Meta key? -* 8.3.:: 8.3. How can I stop the down-arrow-key from adding empty lines at the bottom of my buffers? -* 8.4.:: 8.4. I wonder if there is an interactive function that can generate "fake" keyboard events. This way, I could simply map them inside XEmacs. -* 8.5.:: 8.5. I am trying to bind C-. to scroll up by one line and C-; to scroll down by one line... -* 8.6.:: 8.6. I cannot manage to globally bind my @key{Delete} key to something other than the default. How does one do this? -* 8.7.:: 8.7. How can I bind complex functions (or macros) to keys? -* 8.8.:: 8.8. Can the cursor keys scroll the screen a line at a time, rather than the default half page jump? I tend it to find it disorienting. -* 8.9.:: 8.9. How to map "Help" key alone on Sun type4 keyboard? -* 8.10.:: 8.10. How can you type in special characters in XEmacs? +Major & Minor Modes: +* Q5.0.1:: How can I do source code highlighting using font-lock? +* Q5.0.2:: I do not like cc-mode. How do I use the old c-mode? +* Q5.0.3:: How do I get @samp{More} Syntax Highlighting on by default? +* Q5.0.4:: How can I enable auto-indent? +* Q5.0.5:: How can I get XEmacs to come up in text/auto-fill mode by default? +* Q5.0.6:: How do I start up a second shell buffer? +* Q5.0.7:: Telnet from shell filters too much. +* Q5.0.8:: Why does edt emulation not work? +* Q5.0.9:: How can I emulate VI and use it as my default mode? +* Q5.0.10:: What is @samp{Omit} minor mode? +* Q5.0.11:: Filladapt doesn't work in 19.13? +* Q5.0.12:: How do I disable gnuserv from opening a new frame? +* Q5.0.13:: How do I start gnuserv so that each subsequent XEmacs is a client? +* Q5.0.14:: Strange things are happening in Shell Mode. +* Q5.0.15:: Where do I get the latest CC Mode? +* Q5.0.16:: I find auto-show-mode disconcerting. How do I turn it off? +* Q5.0.17:: How can I get two instances of info? +* Q5.0.18:: I upgraded to XEmacs 19.14 and gnuserv stopped working +* Q5.0.19:: Is there something better than LaTeX mode? + +Emacs Lisp Programming Techniques: +* Q5.1.1:: The difference in key sequences between XEmacs and GNU Emacs? +* Q5.1.2:: Can I generate "fake" keyboard events? +* Q5.1.3:: How can I visit several marked files at once in dired? +* Q5.1.4:: In 19.13, why do I get @samp{set-text-something} lisp errors with Gnus and AUC-TeX? +* Q5.1.5:: How do I put a glyph as annotation in a buffer? + +Sound: +* Q5.2.1:: How do I turn off the sound? +* Q5.2.2:: How do I get funky sounds instead of a boring beep? +* Q5.2.3:: What's NAS, how do I get it? +* Q5.2.4:: Sunsite sounds don't play. + +Miscellaneous: +* Q5.3.1:: How do you make XEmacs indent CL if-clauses correctly? +* Q5.3.2:: Fontifying hangs when editing a postscript file. +* Q5.3.3:: How can I print WYSIWYG a font-locked buffer? +* Q5.3.4:: Getting @kbd{M-x lpr} to work with postscript printer. +* Q5.3.5:: How do I specify the paths that XEmacs uses for finding files? +* Q5.3.6:: [This question intentionally left blank] +* Q5.3.7:: Can I have the end of the buffer delimited in some way? +* Q5.3.8:: How do I insert today's date into a buffer? +* Q5.3.9:: Are only certain syntactic character classes available for abbrevs? +* Q5.3.10:: How can I get those oh-so-neat X-Face lines? +* Q5.3.11:: How do I add new Info directories? +* Q5.3.12:: What do I need to change to make printing work? @end menu - -@node 8.1. -@section 8.1. What is the difference in in key sequences between XEmacs and GNU Emacs? - -The real question might be rephrased as "When should one use the quoted list, -vector, or escaped string representations of key sequences?" Is there any -particular advantage to one representation over another? - -From Richard Mlynarik <mly@@adoc.xerox.com>: - -@table @asis -@item (meta a) -is a convenience shorthand for the sequence @code{[(meta a)]}. -@code{(global-set-key 'a 'foo)} means the same thing as -@code{(global-set-key '[a] 'foo)}. It could be argued that allowing -such a shorthand just leads to sloppiness and bugs, but it's there, and -it isn't likely to go away. - -@item [(meta a)] -is The Right Thing. It corresponds in a one-to-one way with the -internal representation of key-sequences in keymaps. - -@item [Meta-a] -is typical FSF Emacs 19 brain damage. As is usual, an existing, -functional design is ignored (XEmacs) and an incompatible and -technically worse kludge is used. - -@item "\ea" -is compatible with Emacs 18, but suffers from ASCII Seven-Bit Brain -Damage. I also find it harder to read. Use this if you're trying to -write code which works in every Emacs, but be aware that you can not -express all Possible key-sequences (@kbd{control-9}, @kbd{f1}, etc.) -using this. - -@end table - - -@node 8.2. -@section 8.2. How can I make XEmacs recognize the Alt key of my HP workstation as a Meta key? - -Put the following line into a file and load it with xmodmap(1) before -starting XEmacs: +@node Q5.0.1, Q5.0.2, Miscellaneous, Miscellaneous +@section How can I do source code highlighting using font-lock? + +For most modes, font-lock is already set up and just needs to be turned +on. This can be done by @kbd{M-x font-lock-mode}, or by having XEmacs +automatically start it by adding lines like: + +@lisp +(add-hook 'emacs-lisp-mode-hook 'turn-on-font-lock) +(add-hook 'dired-mode-hook 'turn-on-font-lock) +@end lisp + +to your @file{.emacs}. See the file @file{etc/sample.emacs} for more +examples. + +@node Q5.0.2, Q5.0.3, Q5.0.1, Miscellaneous +@section I do not like cc-mode. How do I use the old c-mode? + +Well, first off, consider if you really want to do this. cc-mode is +much more powerful than the old c-mode. If you're having trouble +getting your old offsets to work, try using @code{c-set-offset} instead. +You might also consider using the package @code{cc-compat}. + +But, if you still insist, add the following lines to your @file{.emacs}: + +@lisp +(fmakunbound 'c-mode) +(makunbound 'c-mode-map) +(fmakunbound 'c++-mode) +(makunbound 'c++-mode-map) +(makunbound 'c-style-alist) +(load-library "old-c-mode") +(load-library "old-c++-mode") +@end lisp + +This must be done before any other reference is made to either c-mode or +c++-mode. + +@node Q5.0.3, Q5.0.4, Q5.0.2, Miscellaneous +@section How do I get @samp{More} Syntax Highlighting on by default? + +For C, C++, and Lisp, you can add the following to your @file{.emacs}: + +@lisp +(setq c-font-lock-keywords c-font-lock-keywords-2) +(setq c++-font-lock-keywords c++-font-lock-keywords-2) +(setq lisp-font-lock-keywords lisp-font-lock-keywords-2) +@end lisp + +@node Q5.0.4, Q5.0.5, Q5.0.3, Miscellaneous +@section How can I enable auto-indent? + +Put the following line in your @file{.emacs}: + +@lisp +(setq indent-line-function 'indent-relative-maybe) +@end lisp + +If you want to get fancy, try the @code{filladapt} package available +standard with XEmacs. Put this into your @file{.emacs}: + +@lisp +(require 'filladapt) +(add-hook 'text-mode-hook 'turn-on-filladapt-mode) +(add-hook 'message-mode-hook 'turn-on-filladapt-mode) +;;; and so forth ... +@end lisp + +Please note that the @code{fa-extras} package is no longer useful. + +@node Q5.0.5, Q5.0.6, Q5.0.4, Miscellaneous +@section How can I get XEmacs to come up in text/auto-fill mode by default? + +Try the following lisp in your @file{.emacs}: + +@lisp +(setq default-major-mode 'text-mode) +(setq text-mode-hook 'turn-on-auto-fill) +@end lisp + +@strong{WARNING}: note that changing the value of +@code{default-major-mode} from @code{fundamental-mode} can break a large +amount of built-in code that expects newly created buffers to be in +@code{fundamental-mode}. (Changing from @code{fundamental-mode} to +@code{text-mode} might not wreak too much havoc, but changing to +something more exotic like a lisp-mode would break many Emacs packages). + +Note that Emacs by default starts up in buffer @code{*scratch*} in +@code{initial-major-mode}, which defaults to +@code{lisp-interaction-mode}. Thus adding the following form to your +Emacs init file will cause the initial @code{*scratch*} buffer to be put +into auto-fill'ed @code{text-mode}: + +@lisp +(setq initial-major-mode + (function (lambda () + (text-mode) + (turn-on-auto-fill)))) +@end lisp + +Note that after your init file is loaded, if +@code{inhibit-startup-message} is null (the default) and the startup +buffer is @code{*scratch*} then the startup message will be inserted +into @code{*scratch*}; it will be removed after a timeout by erasing the +entire @code{*scratch*} buffer. Keep in mind this default usage of +@code{*scratch*} if you desire any prior manipulation of +@code{*scratch*} from within your Emacs init file. In particular, +anything you insert into @code{*scratch*} from your init file will be +later erased. Also, if you change the mode of the @code{*scratch*} +buffer, be sure that this will not interfere with possible later +insertion of the startup message (e.g. if you put @code{*scratch*} into +a nonstandard mode that has automatic font lock rules, then the startup +message might get fontified in a strange foreign manner, e.g. as code in +some programming language). + +@node Q5.0.6, Q5.0.7, Q5.0.5, Miscellaneous +@section How do I start up a second shell buffer? + +In the @code{*shell*} buffer: + +@lisp +M-x rename-buffer RET *shell-1* RET +M-x shell RET +@end lisp + +This will then start a second shell. The key is that no buffer named +@samp{*shell*} can exist. It might be preferable to use @kbd{M-x +rename-uniquely} to rename the @code{*shell*} buffer instead of @kbd{M-x +rename-buffer}. + +@node Q5.0.7, Q5.0.8, Q5.0.6, Miscellaneous +@section Telnet from shell filters too much + +I'm using the Emacs @kbd{M-x shell} function, and I would like to invoke +and use a telnet session within it. Everything works fine except that +now all @samp{^M}'s are filtered out by Emacs. Fixes? + +Use @kbd{M-x rsh} or @kbd{M-x telnet} to open remote sessions rather +than doing rsh or telnet within the local shell buffer. + +@node Q5.0.8, Q5.0.9, Q5.0.7, Miscellaneous +@section Why does edt emulation not work? + +We don't know, but you can use tpu-edt emulation instead, which works +fine and is a little fancier than the standard edt emulation. To do +this, add the following line to your @file{.emacs}: + +@lisp +(load "tpu-edt") +@end lisp + +If you don't want it to replace @kbd{C-h} with an edt-style help menu +add this as well: + +@lisp +(global-set-key '(control h) 'help-for-help) +@end lisp + +@node Q5.0.9, Q5.0.10, Q5.0.8, Miscellaneous +@section How can I emulate VI and use it as my default mode? + +Our recommended VI emulator is viper. To make viper-mode the default, +add this to your @file{.emacs}: + +@lisp +(viper-mode) +@end lisp + +Michael Kifer <kifer@@CS.SunySB.EDU> writes: + +@quotation +This should be added as close to the top of @file{.emacs} as you can get +it, otherwise some minor modes may not get viper-ized. +@end quotation + +@node Q5.0.10, Q5.0.11, Q5.0.9, Miscellaneous +@section What is @code{Omit} minor mode? + +I have no idea where this is coming from, but ever since I moved from +19.9 to 19.13 I have started seeing that all of my buffers will get a +minor mode called @code{Omit}. I have no idea how it got there nor do I +know what it does. What is it? + +It's part of dired. In dired, you can type M-o to get Omit mode and +that will ignore uninteresting files (checkpoint files and backups, for +example). You get Omit in the modeline everywhere because the variable +@code{dired-omit-files-p} is globally set to some non-nil value. If you +want this functionality, it's probably best to use a hook: + +@lisp +(add-hook 'dired-after-readin-hook '(lambda () (dired-omit-toggle))) +@end lisp + +Alternatively, since it seems odd to toggle the omit state with every +readin, since readin can happen many times in a Dired buffer, you can +try this hook to correct the @code{Omit} problem: + +@lisp +(add-hook 'dired-mode-hook + (function (lambda () + ;; `dired-omit-files-p' is made buffer-local by "dired-x.el", but + ;; maybe not soon enough. + (make-local-variable 'dired-omit-files-p) + (setq dired-omit-files-p t)))) +@end lisp + +This is only run once, when the Dired buffer is created. + +@node Q5.0.11, Q5.0.12, Q5.0.10, Miscellaneous +@section Filladapt doesn't work in 19.13? + +Filladapt 2.x is included in 19.13+. In it filladapt is now a minor +mode and minor modes are traditionally off by default. The following +added to your @file{.emacs} will turn it on for all buffers: + +@lisp +(setq-default filladapt-mode t) +@end lisp + +Use @code{turn-on-filladapt-mode} to turn Filladapt on in particular +major modes, like this: + +@lisp +(add-hook 'text-mode-hook 'turn-on-filladapt-mode) +@end lisp + +@node Q5.0.12, Q5.0.13, Q5.0.11, Miscellaneous +@section How do I disable gnuserv from opening a new frame? + +If you set the @code{gnuserv-frame} variable to the frame that should be +used to display buffers that are pulled up, a new frame will not be +created. For example, you could put + +@lisp +(setq gnuserv-frame (selected-frame)) +@end lisp + +early on in your @file{.emacs}, to ensure that the first frame created +is the one used for your gnuserv buffers. + +Starting in 19.15, there is an option to set the gnuserv target to +the current frame. See +@code{Options->"Other Window" Location->Make current frame gnuserv target} + +@node Q5.0.13, Q5.0.14, Q5.0.12, Miscellaneous +@section How do I start gnuserv so that each subsequent XEmacs is a client? + +Put the following in your @file{.emacs} file to start the server: + +@lisp +(gnuserv-start) +@end lisp + +Start your first XEmacs as usual. After that, you can do: @example -remove Mod1 = Mode_switch +gnuclient randomfilename @end example - -@node 8.3. -@section 8.3. How can I stop the down-arrow-key from adding empty lines at the bottom of my buffers? - -Add the following line to your @file{.emacs} file: +from the command line to get your existing XEmacs process to open a new +frame and visit randomfilename in that window. When you're done editing +randomfilename, hit @kbd{C-x #} to kill the buffer and get rid of the +frame. + +@node Q5.0.14, Q5.0.15, Q5.0.13, Miscellaneous +@section Strange things are happening in Shell Mode. + +Sometimes (i.e. it's not repeatable, and I can't work out why it +happens) when I'm typing into shell mode, I hit return and only a +portion of the command is given to the shell, and a blank prompt is +returned. If I hit return again, the rest of the previous command is +given to the shell. + +Martin Buchholz <Martin.Buchholz@@sun.com> writes: + +@quotation +There is a known problem with interaction between @code{csh} and the +@code{filec} option and XEmacs. You should add the following to your +@file{.cshrc}: @example -(setq next-line-add-newlines nil) +if ( "$TERM" == emacs || "$TERM" == unknown ) unset filec @end example - - -@node 8.4. -@section 8.4. I wonder if there is an interactive function that can generate "fake" keyboard events. This way, I could simply map them inside XEmacs. +@end quotation + +@node Q5.0.15, Q5.0.16, Q5.0.14, Miscellaneous +@section Where do I get the latest CC Mode? + +Barry A. Warsaw <bwarsaw@@cnri.reston.va.us> writes: + +@quotation +This can be had from <URL:http://www.python.org/ftp/emacs/>. +@end quotation + +@node Q5.0.16, Q5.0.17, Q5.0.15, Miscellaneous +@section I find auto-show-mode disconcerting. How do I turn it off? + +@code{auto-show-mode} controls whether or not a horizontal scrollbar +magically appears when a line is too long to be displayed. This is +enabled by default. To turn it off, put the following in your +@file{.emacs}: + +@lisp +(setq auto-show-mode nil) +(setq-default auto-show-mode nil) +@end lisp + +@node Q5.0.17, Q5.0.18, Q5.0.16, Miscellaneous +@section How can I get two instances of info? + +You can't. The info package does not provide for multiple info buffers. + +@node Q5.0.18, Q5.0.19, Q5.0.17, Miscellaneous +@section I upgraded to XEmacs 19.14 and gnuserv stopped working. + +Mark Daku <daku@@nortel.ca> writes: + +@quotation +It turns out I was using an older version of gnuserv. The installation +didn't put the binary into the public bin directory. It put it in +@file{lib/xemacs-19.14/hppa1.1-hp-hpux9.05/gnuserv}. Shouldn't it have +been put in @file{bin/hppa1.1-hp-hpux9.0}? +@end quotation + +@node Q5.0.19, Q5.1.1, Q5.0.18, Miscellaneous +@section Is there something better than LaTeX mode? + +David Kastrup <dak@@fsnif.neuroinformatik.ruhr-uni-bochum.de> writes: + +@quotation +The standard TeX modes leave much to be desired, and are somewhat +leniently maintained. Serious TeX users use AucTeX (@xref{Q4.7.1}). +@end quotation + +@node Q5.1.1, Q5.1.2, Q5.0.19, Miscellaneous +@section What is the difference in key sequences between XEmacs and GNU Emacs? + +Erik Naggum <erik@@naggum.no> writes; + +@quotation +Emacs has a legacy of keyboards that produced characters with modifier +bits, and therefore map a variety of input systems into this scheme even +today. XEmacs is instead optimized for X events. This causes an +incompatibility in the way key sequences are specified, but both Emacs +and XEmacs will accept a key sequence as a vector of lists of modifiers +that ends with a key, e.g., to bind M-C-a, you would say [(meta control +a)] in both Emacsen. XEmacs has an abbreviated form for a single key, +just (meta control a). Emacs has an abbreviated form for the Control +and the Meta modifiers to string-characters (the ASCII characters), as +in "\M-\C-a". XEmacs users need to be aware that the abbreviated form +works only for one-character key sequences, while Emacs users need to be +aware that the string-character is rather limited. Specifically, the +string-character can accomodate only 256 different values, 128 of which +have the Meta modifier and 128 of which have not. In each of these +blocks, only 32 characters have the Control modifier. Whereas [(meta +control A)] differs from [(meta control a)] because the case differs, +"\M-\C-a" and "\M-\C-A" do not. Programmers are advised to use the full +common form, both because it is more readable and less error-prone, and +because it is supported by both Emacsen. +@end quotation + +@node Q5.1.2, Q5.1.3, Q5.1.1, Miscellaneous +@section Can I generate "fake" keyboard events? + +I wonder if there is an interactive function that can generate "fake" +keyboard events. This way, I could simply map them inside XEmacs. This seems to work: -@example + +@lisp (defun cg--generate-char-event (ch) "Generate an event, as if ch has been typed" (dispatch-event (character-to-event ch))) @@ -1096,1261 +4368,529 @@ '(lambda () (interactive) (cg--generate-char-event 127))) (global-set-key '(unknown_keysym_0x4) '(lambda () (interactive) (cg--generate-char-event 4))) -@end example - - -@node 8.5. -@section 8.5. I am trying to bind C-. to scroll up by one line and C-; to scroll down by one line... - -Add the following (Thanks to Richard Mlynarik <mly@@adoc.xerox.com> and -Wayne Newberry <wayne@@zen.cac.stratus.com>) to @file{.emacs}: - -@example -(defun scroll-up-one-line () - (interactive) - (scroll-up 1)) - -(defun scroll-down-one-line () - (interactive) - (scroll-down 1)) - -(global-set-key [(control ?.)] 'scroll-up-one-line) ; C-. -(global-set-key [(control ?;)] 'scroll-down-one-line) ; C-; -@end example - -The key point is that you can only bind simple functions to keys; you can not -bind a key to a function that you're also passing arguments to. (See <A -HREF="#ss8.7">8.7 How can I bind complex functions</A> for a better answer.) - -@c Fix the above HTML specifier reference - -@node 8.6. -@section 8.6. I cannot manage to globally bind my @key{Delete} key to something other than the default. How does one do this? - -@example -(defun Foo () - (interactive) - (message "You hit DELETE")) - -(global-set-key "\C-?" 'Foo) -@end example - -However, some modes explicitly bind @key{Delete}, so you would need to -add a hook that does @code{local-set-key} for them. - - -@node 8.7. -@section 8.7. How can I bind complex functions (or macros) to keys? - -As an example, say you want the PASTE key on a Sun keyboard to insert the -current Primary X selection at point. You can accomplish this with: - -@example -(define-key global-map 'f18 'x-insert-selection) -@end example - -However, this only works if there is a current X selection (the -selection will be highlighted). The functionality I like is for the -PASTE key to insert the current X selection if there is one, otherwise -insert the contents of the clipboard. To do this you need to pass -arguments to x-insert-selection. This is done by wrapping the call in a -'lambda form: - -@example -(define-key global-map 'f18 - (function (lambda () (interactive) (x-insert-selection t nil)))) -@end example - -This binds the 'f18 key to a "generic" functional object. The interactive -spec is required because only interactive functions can be bound to keys. -Also take a look at the doc for "function". - -For the FAQ example you could use: - -@example -(global-set-key [(control ?.)] - (function (lambda () (interactive) (scroll-up 1)))) -(global-set-key [(control ?;)] - (function (lambda () (interactive) (scroll-up -1)))) -@end example - -This is fine if you only need a few functions within the lambda body. If -you're doing more it's cleaner to define a separate function as in the -original FAQ example (<A HREF="#ss11.3">question 11.3</A>). - -@c Fix the above HTML specifier reference - -@node 8.8. -@section 8.8. Can the cursor keys scroll the screen a line at a time, rather than the default half page jump? I tend it to find it disorienting. - -Try this: - -@example -(defun scroll-one-line-up (&optional arg) - "Scroll the selected window up (forward in the text) one line (or N lines)." - (interactive "p") - (scroll-up (or arg 1))) - -(defun scroll-one-line-down (&optional arg) - "Scroll the selected window down (backward in the text) one line (or N)." - (interactive "p") - (scroll-down (or arg 1))) - -(global-set-key 'up 'scroll-one-line-up) -(global-set-key 'down 'scroll-one-line-down) -@end example - -The following will also work but will affect more than just the cursor -keys (i.e. C-n and C-p): - -@example -(setq scroll-step 1) -@end example - -@node 8.9. -@section 8.9. How to map "Help" key alone on Sun type4 keyboard? - -The following works in GNU Emacs 19: - -@example -(global-set-key [help] 'help-command) ;; Help -@end example - -The following works in XEmacs 19.13 with the addition of shift: - -@example -(global-set-key [(shift help)] 'help-command) ;; Help -@end example - -But it doesn't work alone. This is in the file @file{PROBLEMS} which -should have come with your XEmacs installation: - -@emph{Emacs ignores the @key{help} key when running OLWM}. - -OLWM grabs the @key{help} key, and retransmits it to the appropriate -client using XSendEvent. Allowing Emacs to react to synthetic events is -a security hole, so this is turned off by default. You can enable it by -setting the variable x-allow-sendevents to t. You can also cause fix -this by telling OLWM to not grab the help key, with the null binding -@samp{OpenWindows.KeyboardCommand.Help:}. - - -@node 8.10. -@section 8.10. How can you type in special characters in XEmacs? - -One way is to use the package @file{x-compose}. Then you can use sequences -like @kbd{Compose " a} to get d (a-umlaut), etc. - - - -@node 9. The cursor, 10. The mouse; cutting and pasting, 8. The keyboard, top -@chapter 9. The cursor - -@menu -* 9.1.:: 9.1. Is there a way to make the bar cursor a little thicker than one-pixel thick since I lose it? -* 9.2.:: 9.2. On the same subject -- is there a way to get back the old "block" cursor where the cursor covers the character in front of the point? -@end menu - - -@node 9.1. -@section 9.1. Is there a way to make the bar cursor a little thicker than one-pixel thick since I lose it? - -For a 1 pixel bar cursor, use: - -@example -(setq bar-cursor t) -@end example - -For a 2 pixel bar cursor, use: - -@example -(setq bar-cursor 'anything-else) -@end example - -You can use a color to make it stand out better: - -@example -Emacs*cursorColor: Red -@end example - - -@node 9.2. -@section 9.2. On the same subject -- is there a way to get back the old "block" cursor where the cursor covers the character in front of the point? - -@example -(setq bar-cursor nil) -@end example - - - -@node 10. The mouse; cutting and pasting, 11. Highlighting, 9. The cursor, top -@chapter 10. The mouse; cutting and pasting - -@menu -* 10.1.:: 10.1. I keep hitting the middle mouse button by accident and getting stuff pasted into my buffer so how can I turn this off? -* 10.2.:: 10.2. How do I set control/meta/etc modifiers on mouse buttons? -* 10.3.:: 10.3. I do "^x ^b" to get a list of buffers and the entries get highlighted when I move the mouse over them but clicking the left mouse does not do anything. -* 10.4.:: 10.4. How can I get a list of buffers to popup when I hit button 3 on the mouse? -* 10.5.:: 10.5. Why does cut-and-paste not work between XEmacs and a cmdtool? -* 10.6.:: 10.6. How I can set XEmacs up so that it pastes where the cursor is _not_ where the pointer lies? -* 10.7.:: 10.7. How do I select a rectangular region? -* 10.8.:: 10.8. Why does M-w take so long? -@end menu - - -@node 10.1. -@section 10.1. I keep hitting the middle mouse button by accident and getting stuff pasted into my buffer so how can I turn this off? - -Here is an alternative binding, whereby the middle mouse button selects (but -does not cut) the expression under the mouse. Clicking middle on a left or -right paren will select to the matching one. Note that you can use -@code{define-key} or @code{global-set-key}. - -@example -(defun Mouse-Set-Point-and-Select (event) - "Sets the point at the mouse location, then marks following form" - (interactive "@@e") - (mouse-set-point event) - (mark-sexp 1) - ) -(define-key global-map 'button2 'Mouse-Set-Point-and-Select) -@end example - -@c Get this fixed -(Editor's Note -- there is a problem with texinfo/text/html conversion, so -the double at-sign should only be a single, above. I'll fix it one of these -days -- AJR) - - -@node 10.2. -@section 10.2. How do I set control/meta/etc modifiers on mouse buttons? - -Use, for instance, @code{[(meta button1)]}. For example, here is a -common setting for Common Lisp programmers who use the bundled ilisp -package, whereby meta-button1 on a function name will find the file -where the function name was defined, and put you at that location in -the source file. - -[Inside a function that gets called by the lisp-mode-hook and ilisp-mode-hook] -@example -(local-set-key [(meta button1)] 'edit-definitions-lisp) -@end example - - -@node 10.3. -@section 10.3. I do "^x ^b" to get a list of buffers and the entries get highlighted when I move the mouse over them but clicking the left mouse does not do anything. - -Use the middle mouse button. - - -@node 10.4. -@section 10.4. How can I get a list of buffers to popup when I hit button 3 on the mouse? - -The following code will actually replace the default popup on button3: - -@example -(defun cw-build-buffers () - "Popup buffer menu." - (interactive "@@") - (run-hooks 'activate-menubar-hook) - (popup-menu (car (find-menu-item current-menubar '("Buffers"))))) - -(define-key global-map [(button3)] 'cw-build-buffers) -@end example - -@c Get this fixed - -(Editor's Note -- there is a problem with texinfo/text/html conversion, so -the double at-sign should only be a single, above. I'll fix it one of these -days -- AJR) - - -@node 10.5. -@section 10.5. Why does cut-and-paste not work between XEmacs and a cmdtool? - -We don't know. It's a bug. There does seem to be a work-around, -however. Try running xclipboard first. It appears to fix the problem -even if you exit it. (This should be mostly fixed in 19.13, but we -haven't yet verified that). - - -@node 10.6. -@section 10.6. How I can set XEmacs up so that it pastes where the cursor is _not_ where the pointer lies? - - -Try adding the following to your @file{.emacs}: - -@example -(define-key global-map 'button2 'x-insert-selection) -@end example - -This comes from the @file{sample.emacs} file in @file{etc/}, which has -lots of goodies. - - -@node 10.7. -@section 10.7. How do I select a rectangular region? - - -Just select the region normally, then use the rectangle commands (e.g. -@code{kill-rectangle}) on it. The region does not highlight as a -rectangle, but the commands work just fine. - -To actually sweep out rectangular regions with the mouse do the -following: - -@example -(setq mouse-track-rectangle-p t) -@end example - - -@node 10.8. -@section 10.8. Why does M-w take so long? - -It actually doesn't. It leaves the region visible for a second so that -you can see what area is being yanked. If you start working, though, it -will immediately complete its operation. In other words, it will only -delay for a second if you let it. - - -@node 11. Highlighting, 12. The menubar and toolbar, 10. The mouse; cutting and pasting, top -@chapter 11. Highlighting - -@menu -* 11.1.:: 11.1. How can I highlight selections? -* 11.2.:: 11.2. How do I get a pending-delete type of behavior? -* 11.3.:: 11.3. I do not like my text highlighted while I am doing isearch as I am not able to see whats underneath. How do I turn it off? -* 11.4.:: 11.4. The text gets highlighted when I do C-x C-p (mark-page). Is there a way to turn this feature off? -@end menu - - -@node 11.1. -@section 11.1. How can I highlight selections? - -Use zmacs mode. This mode allows for what some might call gratuitous -highlighting for selected regions (either by setting mark or by using the -mouse). To use, add the following line to your @file{.emacs} file: - -@example -(setq zmacs-regions t) -@end example - -This is the default behavior. - - -@node 11.2. -@section 11.2. How do I get a pending-delete type of behavior? - -@dfn{Pending delete} is what happens when you select a region (with the -mouse or keyboard) and you press a key to replace the selected region by -the key you typed. Usually backspace kills the selected region. - -To get this behavior, add the following line to your @file{.emacs} file: - -@example -(require 'pending-del) -@end example - - -@node 11.3. -@section 11.3. I do not like my text highlighted while I am doing isearch as I am not able to see whats underneath. How do I turn it off? - -@example -(setq isearch-highlight nil) -@end example - -Note also that isearch-highlight affects query-replace and ispell. Instead -of disabling isearch-highlight you may find that a better solution consists -of customizing the 'isearch' face. - - -@node 11.4. -@section 11.4. The text gets highlighted when I do C-x C-p (mark-page). Is there a way to turn this feature off? - -@example -(setq zmacs-regions nil) -@end example - - - -@node 12. The menubar and toolbar, 13. Scrollbars, 11. Highlighting, top -@chapter 12. The menubar and toolbar - -@menu -* 12.1.:: 12.1. How do I get rid of the menu (or menubar) ? -* 12.2.:: 12.2. Can I customize the basic menubar? -* 12.3.:: 12.3. What controls how many buffers are listed in the menu "Buffers" list? -* 12.4.:: 12.4. I am trying to use a resource like @code{Emacs*menubar*font} to set the font of the menubar but it's not working. - -@end menu - - -@node 12.1. -@section 12.1. How do I get rid of the menu (or menubar) ? - -Answer: To get rid of the menubar, add to @file{.emacs}: - -@example -(set-menubar nil) -@end example - - -@node 12.2. -@section 12.2. Can I customize the basic menubar? - -For an extensive menubar, add the line - -@example -(load "big-menubar") -@end example - -to your @file{.emacs} file. If you'd like to write your own, this file -provides a good set of examples to start from: - -@example -lisp/packages/big-menubar.el -@end example - -(starting from your system XEmacs installation directory). - - -@node 12.3. -@section 12.3. What controls how many buffers are listed in the menu "Buffers" list? - -Add the following to your @file{.emacs}, modified as needed: - -@example -(setq buffers-menu-max-size 20) -@end example - -If you do not want a limit, try - -@example -(setq buffers-menu-max-size nil) -@end example - - -@node 12.4. -@section 12.4. I am trying to use a resource like @code{Emacs*menubar*font} to set the font of the menubar but it's not working. - -If you are using the real Motif menubar, this resource is not recognized; -you have to say - -@example -Emacs*menubar*fontList: FONT -@end example - -If you are using the Lucid menubar, the former resource will be recognized -only if the latter resource is unset. This means that the resource - -@example -*fontList: FONT -@end example - -will override - -@example -Emacs*menubar*font: FONT -@end example - -even though the latter is more specific. - - -@node 13. Scrollbars, 14. Frame Geometry, 12. The menubar and toolbar, top -@chapter 13. Scrollbars - -@menu -* 13.1.:: 13.1. How can I disable the scrollbar? -* 13.2.:: 13.2. How can one use resources to change scrollbar colors? -* 13.3.:: 13.3. When I move the scrollbar in an XEmacs window, it moves the point as well, which should not be the default behavior. Is this a bug or a feature? Can I disable it? -@end menu - - -@node 13.1. -@section 13.1. How can I disable the scrollbar? - -To turn disable them for all frames, add the following line to -your @file{.Xdefaults}: - -@example -Emacs.scrollBarWidth: 0 -@end example - -To turn the scrollbar off on a per-frame basis, use the following function: - -@example -(set-specifier scrollbar-width (cons (selected-frame) 0)) -@end example - -You can actually turn the scrollbars on at any level you want by -substituting for (selected-frame) in the above command. For example, to -turn the scrollbars off only in a single buffer: - -@example -(set-specifier scrollbar-width (cons (current-buffer) 0)) -@end example - - -@node 13.2. -@section 13.2. How can one use resources to change scrollbar colors? - -Here's a recap of how to use resources to change your scrollbar colors: - -@example -! Motif scrollbars - -Emacs*XmScrollBar.Background: skyblue -Emacs*XmScrollBar.troughColor: lightgray - -! Athena scrollbars - -Emacs*Scrollbar.Foreground: skyblue -Emacs*Scrollbar.Background: lightgray -@end example - -Note the capitalization of @samp{Scrollbar} for the Athena widget. - - -@node 13.3. -@section 13.3. When I move the scrollbar in an XEmacs window, it moves the point as well, which should not be the default behavior. Is this a bug or a feature? Can I disable it? - -The current behavior is a feature, not a bug. Point remains at the same -buffer position as long as that position does not scroll off the screen. In -that event, point will end up in either the upper-left or lower-left hand -corner. - - - -@node 14. Frame Geometry, 15. Window/icon title; window manager problems, 13. Scrollbars, top -@chapter 14. Frame Geometry - -@menu -* 14.1.:: 14.1. In Lucid Emacs 19.6 I did @code{(set-screen-width @var{characters})} and @code{(set-screen-height @var{lines})} in my @file{.emacs} instead of specifying @samp{Emacs*EmacsScreen.geometry} in my @file{.Xdefaults} but this does not work in XEmacs 19.13. -* 14.2.:: 14.2. In XEmacs 19.11 I specified @samp{Emacs*EmacsScreen.geometry} in my @file{.emacs} but this does not work in XEmacs 19.13. -@end menu - - -@node 14.1. -@section 14.1. In Lucid Emacs 19.6 I did @code{(set-screen-width @var{characters})} and @code{(set-screen-height @var{lines})} in my @file{.emacs} instead of specifying @samp{Emacs*EmacsScreen.geometry} in my @file{.Xdefaults} but this does not work in XEmacs 19.13. - -These two functions now take frame arguments: - -@example -(set-frame-width (selected-frame) @var{characters}) -(set-frame-height (selected-frame) @var{lines}) -@end example - -@node 14.2. -@section 14.2. In XEmacs 19.11 I specified @samp{Emacs*EmacsScreen.geometry} in my @file{.emacs} but this does not work in XEmacs 19.13. - -We have switched from using the term 'screen' to using the term 'frame'. -The correct entry for your @file{.Xdefaults} is now: - -@example -Emacs*EmacsFrame.geometry -@end example - - -@node 15. Window/icon title; window manager problems, 16. Editing source code (C mode; Lisp mode; etc.), 14. Frame Geometry, top -@chapter 15. Window/icon title; window manager problems - -@menu -* 15.1.:: 15.1. How can I get the icon to just say @samp{XEmacs} and not include the name of the current file in it? -* 15.2.:: 15.2. How can I have the window title area display the full directory/name of the current buffer file and not just the name? -* 15.3.:: 15.3. When I run @samp{xterm -name junk} I get an xterm whose class name according to xprop, is @samp{junk}. This is the way it's supposed to work, I think. When I run @samp{xemacs -name junk} the class name is not set to @samp{junk}. It's still @samp{emacs}. What does @samp{xemacs -name} really do? The reason I ask is that my window manager (fvwm) will make a window sticky and I use XEmacs to read my mail. I want that XEmacs window to be sticky, without having to use the window manager's function to set the window sticky. What gives? -@end menu - - -@node 15.1. -@section 15.1. How can I get the icon to just say @samp{XEmacs} and not include the name of the current file in it? - -Add the following line to your @file{.emacs} file: - -@example -(setq frame-icon-title-format "XEmacs") -@end example - - -@node 15.2. -@section 15.2. How can I have the window title area display the full directory/name of the current buffer file and not just the name? - -Add the following line to your @file{.emacs} file: - -@example -(setq frame-title-format "%S: %f") -@end example -A more sophisticated title might be: - -@example -(setq frame-title-format - '("%S: " (buffer-file-name "%f" (dired-directory dired-directory "%b")))) -@end example - -That is, use the file name, or the dired-directory, or the buffer name. - - -@node 15.3. -@section 15.3. When I run @samp{xterm -name junk} I get an xterm whose class name according to xprop, is @samp{junk}. This is the way it's supposed to work, I think. When I run @samp{xemacs -name junk} the class name is not set to @samp{junk}. It's still @samp{emacs}. What does @samp{xemacs -name} really do? The reason I ask is that my window manager (fvwm) will make a window sticky and I use XEmacs to read my mail. I want that XEmacs window to be sticky, without having to use the window manager's function to set the window sticky. What gives? - -@samp{xemacs -name} sets the application-name for the program (that is, -the thing which normally comes from @code{argv[0]}.) Using @samp{-name} -is the same as making a copy of the executable with that new name. The -WM_CLASS property on each frame is set to the frame-name, and the -application-class. So, if you did @samp{xemacs -name FOO} and then -created a frame named @samp{BAR}, you'd get an X window with WM_CLASS = -@samp{( "BAR", "Emacs")}. However, the resource hierarchy for this -widget would be - -@example -Name: FOO .shell. .pane .BAR -Class: Emacs.TopLevelShell.XmMainWindow.EmacsFrame -@end example - -instead of the default - -@example -Name: xemacs.shell. .pane .emacs -Class: Emacs .TopLevelShell.XmMainWindow.EmacsFrame -@end example - -It is arguable that the first element of WM_CLASS should be set to the -application-name instead of the frame-name, but I think that's less -flexible, since it does not give you the ability to have multiple -frames with different WM_CLASS properties. Another possibility would -be for the default frame name to come from the application name instead -of simply being @samp{emacs}. However, at this point, making that -change would be troublesome: it would mean that many users would have to -make yet another change to their resource files (since the default -frame name would suddenly change from @samp{emacs} to @samp{xemacs}, or -whatever the executable happened to be named), so we'd rather avoid it. - -To make a frame with a particular name use: - -@example -(make-frame '((name . "the-name"))) -@end example - - - -@node 16. Editing source code (C mode; Lisp mode; etc.), 17. Text mode, 15. Window/icon title; window manager problems, top -@chapter 16. Editing source code (C mode; Lisp mode; etc.) - -@menu -* 16.1.:: 16.1. How can I do source code highlighting using font-lock? -* 16.2.:: 16.2. How do you arrange it so that XEmacs indents all the clauses of a Common Lisp @code{if} the same amount instead of indenting the 3rd clause differently from the first two? -* 16.3.:: 16.3. I do not like cc-mode. How do I use the old c-mode? -* 16.4.:: 16.4. When I try to edit a postscript file it gets stuck saying: fontifying 'filename' (regexps....) and it just sits there. If I press ctrl-c in the window where XEmacs was started, it suddenly becomes alive again. -* 16.5.:: 16.5. Does anyone know how to get the "More" Syntax Highlighting on by default? -@end menu - - -@node 16.1. -@section 16.1. How can I do source code highlighting using font-lock? - -For most modes, font-lock is already set up and just needs to be turned -on. This can be done by - -@example -M-x font-lock-mode -@end example - -or by having XEmacs automatically start it by adding lines like - -@example -(add-hook 'emacs-lisp-mode-hook 'turn-on-font-lock) -(add-hook 'dired-mode-hook 'turn-on-font-lock) -@end example - -to your @file{.emacs}. See the file @code{etc/sample.emacs} for more -examples. - - -@node 16.2. -@section 16.2. How do you arrange it so that XEmacs indents all the clauses of a Common Lisp @code{if} the same amount instead of indenting the 3rd clause differently from the first two? +@end lisp + +@node Q5.1.3, Q5.1.4, Q5.1.2, Miscellaneous +@section How can I visit several marked files at once in dired? + +You can put this in your @file{.emacs} and then @kbd{F} will find marked +files: + +@lisp +(add-hook + 'dired-load-hook + (function (lambda () + (define-key dired-mode-map "F" + (function + (lambda () (interactive) + (mapcar 'find-file + (dired-mark-get-files)))))))) +@end lisp + +Aki Vehtari <Aki.Vehtari@@hut.fi> writes: + +@quotation +You can also use @file{dired-x.el} (Sebastian Kremer's Extra DIRED). It +defines F and makes other improvements too. See @file{dired/dired-x.el} +in the XEmacs distribution. + +In your @file{~/.emacs}, add: + +@lisp +(setq dired-load-hook '(lambda () (load "dired-x"))) +@end lisp +@end quotation + +@node Q5.1.4, Q5.1.5, Q5.1.3, Miscellaneous +@section In 19.13, why do I get @samp{set-text-something} lisp errors with Gnus and AUC-TeX? + +The real problem is out of date software. Upgrade to later versions of +Gnus and AUC-TeX where this problem doesn't exist. + +The problem lies with the needs for an Emacs function, +@code{set-text-properties}, which generally isn't required by XEmacs. +The solutions include adding the following code to your @file{.emacs}: + +@lisp +(fset 'set-text-properties (symbol-function 'ignore)) +@end lisp + +or + +@lisp +(defadvice set-text-properties (around ignore-strings activate) + "Ignore strings." + (or (stringp (ad-get-arg 3)) + ad-do-it)) +@end lisp + +The best is probably the canonical solution (posted by C.Thompson, on +10/17/95): + +@lisp +(defun set-text-properties (start end props &optional buffer) + "You should NEVER use this function. It is ideologically blasphemous. +It is provided only to ease porting of broken FSF Emacs programs." + (if (stringp buffer) nil + (map-extents + #'(lambda (extent ignored) + (remove-text-properties + start end (list (extent-property extent 'text-prop) nil) + buffer)) + buffer start end nil nil 'text-prop) + (add-text-properties start end props buffer))) +@end lisp + +@node Q5.1.5, Q5.2.1, Q5.1.4, Miscellaneous +@section How do I put a glyph as annotation in a buffer? + +Thomas Feuster <feuster@@tp4.physik.uni-giessen.de> writes: + +@quotation +@lisp +(let ((image-glyph (make-glyph-internal))) +(seems to be unavoidable to do 'make-glyph-internal') +@end lisp + +Now for viewing files: + +@lisp +(set-glyph-image image-glyph view-graph-file-buf)) +@end lisp + +For viewing already loaded buffers: + +@lisp +(setq image-glyph (make-glyph + (vector view-graph-file-format :data + (buffer-substring + (point-min) + (point-max))))) +@end lisp + +The thing I couldn't figure out is how to make XEmacs guess the format +from the contents - like it does for files. So it's a real pain to +extract the format from the extensions of the file-name... +@end quotation + +@node Q5.2.1, Q5.2.2, Q5.1.5, Miscellaneous +@section How do I turn off the sound? + +Add the following line to your @file{.emacs}: + +@lisp +(setq bell-volume 0) +(setq sound-alist nil) +@end lisp + +@node Q5.2.2, Q5.2.3, Q5.2.1, Miscellaneous +@section How do I get funky sounds instead of a boring beep? + +Make sure your XEmacs was compiled with sound support, and then put this +in your @file{.emacs}: + +@lisp +(load-default-sounds) +@end lisp + +The sound support in XEmacs 19.14 is greatly improved over previous +versions. + +@node Q5.2.3, Q5.2.4, Q5.2.2, Miscellaneous +@section What's NAS, how do I get it? + +@xref{Q2.0.3} for an explanation of the @dfn{Network Audio System}. + +@node Q5.2.4, Q5.3.1, Q5.2.3, Miscellaneous +@section Sunsite sounds don't play. + +I'm having some trouble with sounds I've downloaded from sunsite. They +play when I run them through @code{showaudio} or cat them directly to +@file{/dev/audio}, but XEmacs refuses to play them. + +Markus Gutschke <gutschk@@uni-muenster.de> writes: + +@quotation +[Many of] These files have an (erroneous) 24byte header that tells about +the format that they have been recorded in. If you cat them to +@file{/dev/audio}, the header will be ignored and the default behavior +for /dev/audio will be used. This happens to be 8kHz uLaw. It is +probably possible to fix the header by piping through @code{sox} and +passing explicit parameters for specifying the sampling format; you then +need to perform a 'null' conversion from SunAudio to SunAudio. +@end quotation + +@node Q5.3.1, Q5.3.2, Q5.2.4, Miscellaneous +@section How do you make XEmacs indent CL if-clauses correctly? + +I'd like XEmacs to indent all the clauses of a Common Lisp @code{if} the +same amount instead of indenting the 3rd clause differently from the +first two. One way is to add, to @file{.emacs}: -@example +@lisp (put 'if 'lisp-indent-function nil) -@end example +@end lisp However, note that the package @file{cl-indent.el} that comes with -XEmacs sets up this kind of indentation by default. @file{cl-indent} also -knows about many other CL-specific forms. To use @file{cl-indent}, one can -do this: - -@example +XEmacs sets up this kind of indentation by default. @code{cl-indent} +also knows about many other CL-specific forms. To use @code{cl-indent}, +one can do this: + +@lisp (load "cl-indent") (setq lisp-indent-function (function common-lisp-indent-function)) -@end example - -One can also customize @file{cl-indent.el} so it mimics the default @samp{if} -indentation (@samp{then} indented more than the @samp{else}). Here's -how: - -@example +@end lisp + +One can also customize @file{cl-indent.el} so it mimics the default +@code{if} indentation @code{then} indented more than the @code{else}. +Here's how: + +@lisp (put 'if 'common-lisp-indent-function '(nil nil &body)) -@end example +@end lisp Also, a new version (1.2) of @file{cl-indent.el} was posted to -@samp{comp.emacs.xemacs} on 12/9/94. This version includes more -documentation than previous versions. This may prove useful if you -need to customize any indent-functions. The post can be retrieved by -searching the XEmacs mail archives. - - -@node 16.3. -@section 16.3. I do not like cc-mode. How do I use the old c-mode? - -Well, first off, consider if you really want to do this. cc-mode is -much more powerful than the old c-mode. But if you still insist, add -the following lines to your @file{.emacs}: - -@example -(fmakunbound 'c-mode) -(makunbound 'c-mode-map) -(fmakunbound 'c++-mode) -(makunbound 'c++-mode-map) -(makunbound 'c-style-alist) -(load-library "old-c-mode") -(load-library "old-c++-mode") -@end example - -This must be done before any other reference is made to either c-mode -or c++-mode. - - -@node 16.4. -@section 16.4. When I try to edit a postscript file it gets stuck saying: fontifying 'filename' (regexps....) and it just sits there. If I press ctrl-c in the window where XEmacs was started, it suddenly becomes alive again. +comp.emacs.xemacs on 12/9/94. This version includes more documentation +than previous versions. This may prove useful if you need to customize +any indent-functions. + +NB: I would have thought with the passage of time this would be the +standard version by now, but that appears not to be the case. The +version of filladapt included with 19.14 is last dated 1993, and does +not have a version number. + +@node Q5.3.2, Q5.3.3, Q5.3.1, Miscellaneous +@section Fontifying hang when editing a postscript file. + +When I try to edit a postscript file it gets stuck saying: +@samp{fontifying 'filename' (regexps....)} and it just sits there. If I +press @kbd{C-c} in the window where XEmacs was started, it suddenly +becomes alive again. This was caused by a bug in the Postscript font-lock regular -expressions. It should be fixed in 19.13. For earlier versions of -XEmacs, have a look at your @file{.emacs} file. You will probably have -a line like: - -@example +expressions. It was fixed in 19.13. For earlier versions of XEmacs, +have a look at your @file{.emacs} file. You will probably have a line +like: + +@lisp (add-hook 'postscript-mode-hook 'turn-on-font-lock) -@end example - -Take it out, restart XEmacs, and it won't try to fontify your -postscript files anymore. - - -@node 16.5. -@section 16.5. Does anyone know how to get the "More" Syntax Highlighting on by default? - -For C, C++, and Lisp, you can try adding the following to your @file{.emacs} file: - -@example -(setq c-font-lock-keywords c-font-lock-keywords-2) -(setq c++-font-lock-keywords c++-font-lock-keywords-2) -(setq lisp-font-lock-keywords lisp-font-lock-keywords-2) -@end example - - - -@node 17. Text mode, 18. Shell mode, 16. Editing source code (C mode; Lisp mode; etc.), top -@chapter 17. Text mode - -@menu -* 17.1.:: 17.1. How can I enable auto-indent? -* 17.2.:: 17.2. How can I get XEmacs to come up in text mode (auto-fill) by default? -@end menu - - -@node 17.1. -@section 17.1. How can I enable auto-indent? - -Put the following line in your @file{.emacs}. - -@example -(setq indent-line-function 'indent-relative-maybe) -@end example - -If you want to get fancy, try @file{filladapt} and @file{fa-extras}, -available from the Emacs Lisp Archive at Ohio State University. -@ifinfo -Get them at URL: - -@example -ftp://archive.cis.ohio-state.edu/pub/gnu/emacs/elisp-archive/packages -@end example -@end ifinfo -@ifhtml -Get them at -<A HREF="ftp://archive.cis.ohio-state.edu/pub/gnu/emacs/elisp-archive/packages/">ftp://archive.cis.ohio-state.edu/pub/gnu/emacs/elisp-archive/packages/</A> -@end ifhtml - - -@node 17.2. -@section 17.2. How can I get XEmacs to come up in text mode (auto-fill) by default? - -Try the following lisp in your @file{.emacs} file - -@example -(setq default-major-mode 'text-mode) -(setq text-mode-hook 'turn-on-auto-fill) -@end example - -WARNING: note that changing default-major-mode from fundamental-mode can -break a large amount of built-in code that expects newly created buffers to -be in fundamental-mode. (Changing from fundamental-mode to auto-fill -text-mode might not wreak too much havoc, but changing to something more -exotic like a lisp-mode would break many Emacs packages. - -Note that Emacs defaultly starts up in buffer *scratch* in -initial-major-mode, which defaults to lisp-interaction-mode. Thus -adding the following form to your Emacs init file will cause the -initial *scratch* buffer to be put into auto-fill'ed text-mode. - -@example -(setq initial-major-mode - (function (lambda () - (text-mode) - (turn-on-auto-fill)))) -@end example - -Note that after your init file is loaded, if inhibit-startup-message -is null (the default) and the startup buffer is *scratch* then the -startup message will be inserted into *scratch*; it will be removed -after a timeout by erasing the entire *scratch* buffer. Keep in mind -this default usage of *scratch* if you desire any prior manipulation -of *scratch* from within your Emacs init file. In particular, anything -you insert into *scratch* from your init file will be later erased. -Also, if you change the mode of *scratch* be sure that this will -not interfere with possible later insertion of the startup message -(e.g. if you put *scratch* into a nonstandard mode that has automatic -font lock rules, then the startup message might get fontified in -a strange foreign manner, e.g. as code in some programming language). - - - -@node 18. Shell mode, 19. Mail; VM; GNUS; BBDB; and related, 17. Text mode, top -@chapter 18. Shell mode - -@menu -* 18.1.:: 18.1. How do I start up a second shell buffer? -* 18.2.:: 18.2. I'm using the Emacs @kbd{M-x shell} function, and I would like to invoke and use a telnet session within it. Everything works fine except that now all ^M's are filtered out by Emacs. Fixes? -* 18.3.:: 18.3. If I type a very long command line (like a compile command) into a shell buffer, the output seems to be messed up. -@end menu - - -@node 18.1. -@section 18.1. How do I start up a second shell buffer? - -In the *shell* buffer: - -@example -M-x rename-buffer RET *shell-1* RET -M-x shell RET -@end example - -This will then start a second shell. The key is that no buffer named -*shell* can exist. It might be preferable to use @kbd{M-x -rename-uniquely} to rename the *shell* buffer instead of @kbd{M-x -rename-buffer}. - - -@node 18.2. -@section 18.2. I'm using the Emacs @kbd{M-x shell} function, and I would like to invoke and use a telnet session within it. Everything works fine except that now all ^M's are filtered out by Emacs. Fixes? - -Use @kbd{M-x rsh} or @kbd{M-x telnet} to open remote sessions rather -than doing rsh or telnet within the local shell buffer. - - -@node 18.3. -@section 18.3. If I type a very long command line (like a compile command) into a shell buffer, the output seems to be messed up. - -If you see lots of ^G's in the buffer, you're using an old version of -XEmacs. If the command line seems to be delayed or split into pieces, -you are probably using csh with the @samp{filec} variable set. To fix -this, add the following line to your @file{.cshrc}, after @samp{filec} is set: - -@example -if ( "$TERM" == emacs || "$TERM" == unknown ) unset filec -@end example - -@node 19. Mail; VM; GNUS; BBDB; and related, 20. Printing, 18. Shell mode, top -@chapter 19. Mail; VM; GNUS; BBDB; and related - -@menu -* 19.1.:: 19.1. How and where I am suppose to set the face attributes for customizing the appearance of messages (i.e. for VM)? -* 19.2.:: 19.2. I seem to have heard that there's a package distributed with XEmacs which will use the echo area to notify you of incoming mail in a rather configurable way (multiple spool files, different actions for different files). What and where is it? -* 19.3.:: 19.3. Is there any way to add more faces and regexps to GNUS without hacking gnus.el? -* 19.4.:: 19.4. What is BBDB? -* 19.5.:: 19.5. I noticed that BBDB evokes an XEmacs bug; is there a fix? -* 19.6.:: 19.6. I'm getting the error 'Wrong type argument: listp :-pos' when I try to start BBDB. What do I do? -* 19.7.:: 19.7. I'm getting the error 'movemail: Permission denied' when I try and start VM. What do I do? -@end menu - - -@node 19.1. -@section 19.1. How and where I am suppose to set the face attributes for customizing the appearance of messages (i.e. for VM)? - -Suppose you want to use: - -@example -(set-face-font 'message-highlighted-header-contents - "-adobe-courier-bold-r-normal--12*") -(set-face-foreground 'message-headers "darkslateblue") -(set-face-foreground 'message-header-contents "brown") -(set-face-foreground 'message-highlighted-header-contents "black") -(set-face-foreground 'message-cited-text "darkgreen") -@end example - -Well, this should work, provided that @code{(require -'highlight-headers)} is executed first. Also, highlight-headers is -self-contained and you don't need to turn on font-lock mode. - - -@node 19.2. -@section 19.2. I seem to have heard that there's a package distributed with XEmacs which will use the echo area to notify you of incoming mail in a rather configurable way (multiple spool files, different actions for different files). What and where is it? - -It's called reportmail. Add the following to your @file{.emacs}: - -@example -(load-library "reportmail") -@end example - - -@node 19.3. -@section 19.3. Is there any way to add more faces and regexps to GNUS without hacking gnus.el? - -You can try the folowing elisp: - -@example -(add-hook 'gnus-startup-hook - '(lambda () - (font-lock-mode) - (set-face-foreground 'message-headers "red") - (set-face-foreground 'message-header-contents "orange") - (set-face-foreground 'message-cited-text "blue"))) -@end example - - -@node 19.4. -@section 19.4. What is BBDB? - -BBDB is the Big Brother Database, written by Jamie Zawinski -<jwz@@netscape.com>. It interfaces to VM, mh-e, and GNUS and -conveniently snarfs information about people and other things from -articles and messages that go by. - -BBDB is available from the elisp archive - -@ifinfo -@example -archive.cis.ohio-state.edu:/pub/gnu/emacs/elisp-archive -@end example -@end ifinfo -@ifhtml -<A HREF="ftp://archive.cis.ohio-state.edu/pub/gnu/emacs/elisp-archive/">ftp://archive.cis.ohio-state.edu/pub/gnu/emacs/elisp-archive/</A> -@end ifhtml - -BBDB has a mailing list devoted to it: - -@example -info-bbdb@@cs.uiuc.edu -@end example - -This mailing list is archived at - -@ifinfo -@example -ftp.cs.uiuc.edu:/pub/bbdb -@end example -@end ifinfo -@ifhtml -<A -HREF="ftp://ftp.cs.uiuc.edu:/pub/bbdb/">ftp.cs.uiuc.edu:/pub/bbdb/</A> -@end ifhtml - - -@node 19.5. -@section 19.5. I noticed that BBDB evokes an XEmacs bug; is there a fix? - -This worked for me: - -@example -(setq bbdb-electric-p nil) -@end example - -@node 19.6. -@section 19.6. I'm getting the error 'Wrong type argument: listp :-pos' when I try to start BBDB. What do I do? - -Discard the copy of mail-extr.el that came with bbdb. - -XEmacs 19.12 made the change that you cannot change the value of -interned symbols whose names begin with a colon. The mail-extr.el -that's distributed with 19.12+ is fixed to live with this restriction, -but old copies of mail-extr.el will bomb. - - -@node 19.7. -@section 19.7. I'm getting the error 'movemail: Permission denied' when I try and start VM. What do I do? - -Execute the following two commands. movemail is normally located in the -XEmacs install tree at @file{.../lib/xemacs-19.13/$@{arch@}/movemail}. - -@example - chgrp mail movemail - chmod 2555 movemail -@end example - - -@node 20. Printing, 21. Gnuserv, 19. Mail; VM; GNUS; BBDB; and related, top -@chapter 20. Printing - -@menu -* 20.1.:: 20.1. Font-lock looks nice. How can I print (WYSIWYG) the highlighted document? -* 20.2.:: 20.2. My printer is a Postscript printer and @code{lpr} only works for Postscript files, so how do I get @kbd{M-x lpr-region} and @kbd{M-x lpr-buffer} to work? -@end menu - - -@node 20.1. -@section 20.1. Font-lock looks nice. How can I print (WYSIWYG) the highlighted document? - -The package ps-print.el, which is now included with XEmacs, provides the -ability to do this. It contains complete instructions on its use: - -@example -<xemacs_src_root>/lisp/packages/ps-print.el -@end example - - -@node 20.2. -@section 20.2. My printer is a Postscript printer and @code{lpr} only works for Postscript files, so how do I get @kbd{M-x lpr-region} and @kbd{M-x lpr-buffer} to work? - -@example -(setq lpr-command "@var{Command to print text files}") -@end example - -Please don't forget to replace @var{Command to print text files} with the -actual command (@samp{enscript}, @samp{nenscript}, etc.)! - - - -@node 21. Gnuserv, 22. Miscellaneous, 20. Printing, top -@chapter 21. Gnuserv - -@menu -* 21.1.:: 21.1. How do I disable gnuserv from opening a new frame? -* 21.2.:: 21.2. What do I do to start the gnuserv server so that each subseqeuent XEmacs is a client? -@end menu - - -@node 21.1. -@section 21.1. How do I disable gnuserv from opening a new frame? - -If you set the gnuserv-screen variable to the frame that should be -used to display buffers that are pulled up, a new frame will not be -created. For example, you could put - -@example -(setq gnuserv-screen (selected-frame)) -@end example - -early on in your @file{.emacs}, to ensure that the first frame created is -the one used for your gnuserv buffers. - - -@node 21.2. -@section 21.2. What do I do to start the gnuserv server so that each subseqeuent XEmacs is a client? - -Put the following in your @file{.emacs} file to start the server: - -@example -(gnuserv-start) -@end example - -Start your first XEmacs as usual. After that, you can do - -@example -gnuclient randomfilename -@end example - -from the command line to get your existing XEmacs process to open a new -frame and visit randomfilename in that window. When you're done editing -randomfilename, hit @kbd{C-x #} to kill the buffer and get rid of the -frame. - - - -@node 22. Miscellaneous,, 21. Gnuserv, top -@chapter 22. Miscellaneous - -@menu -* 22.1.:: 22.1. How do I specify the paths that XEmacs uses for finding files? -* 22.2.:: 22.2. Why does edt emulation not work? -* 22.3.:: 22.3. How can I emulate VI and use it as my default mode? -* 22.4.:: 22.4. Is there some way to get the behavior so that if the current buffer has a file associated with it, the current buffer will use that files name else use the buffer name? -* 22.5.:: 22.5. I have no idea where this is coming from, but ever since I moved from 19.9 to 19.13 I have started seeing that all of my buffers will get a minor mode called @samp{Omit}. I have no idea how it got there nor do I know what it does. What is it? -* 22.6.:: 22.6. How do I turn off the sound? -* 22.7.:: 22.7. Can I have the end of the buffer delimited in some way? Say, with: [END] ? -* 22.8.:: 22.8. Can I insert today's date into buffer? -* 22.9.:: 22.9. Are only certain syntactic character classes available for abbrevs? I didn't see any restrictions in the info. -* 22.10.:: 22.10. Filladapt used to work after I loaded it. Now in 19.13 it doesn't. What gives? -@end menu - - -@node 22.1. -@section 22.1. How do I specify the paths that XEmacs uses for finding files? +@end lisp + +Take it out, restart XEmacs, and it won't try to fontify your postscript +files anymore. + +@node Q5.3.3, Q5.3.4, Q5.3.2, Miscellaneous +@section How can I print WYSIWYG a font-locked buffer? + +Font-lock looks nice. How can I print (WYSIWYG) the highlighted +document? + +The package @file{ps-print.el}, which is now included with XEmacs, +provides the ability to do this. The source code contains complete +instructions on its use, in +@file{<xemacs_src_root>/lisp/packages/ps-print.el}. + +@node Q5.3.4, Q5.3.5, Q5.3.3, Miscellaneous +@section Getting @kbd{M-x lpr} to work with postscript printer. + +My printer is a Postscript printer and @code{lpr} only works for +Postscript files, so how do I get @kbd{M-x lpr-region} and @kbd{M-x +lpr-buffer} to work? + +Put something like this in your @file{.emacs}: + +@lisp +(setq lpr-command "a2ps") +(setq lpr-switches '("-p" "-1")) +@end lisp + +If you don't use a2ps to convert ASCII to postscript (why not, it's +free?), replace with the command you do use. Note also that some +versions of a2ps require a @samp{-Pprinter} to ensure spooling. + +@node Q5.3.5, Q5.3.6, Q5.3.4, Miscellaneous +@section How do I specify the paths that XEmacs uses for finding files? You can specify what paths to use by using a number of different flags when running configure. See the section MAKE VARIABLES in the top-level file INSTALL in the XEmacs distribution for a listing of those flags. -Most of the time, however, the simplest fix is: DO NOT specify paths as -you might for FSF GNU Emacs. XEmacs can generally determine the +Most of the time, however, the simplest fix is: @strong{do not} specify +paths as you might for GNU Emacs. XEmacs can generally determine the necessary paths dynamically at run time. The only path that generally needs to be specified is the root directory to install into. That can be specified by passing the @code{--prefix} flag to configure. For a -description of the XEmacs install tree, please consult the NEWS file. - - -@node 22.2. -@section 22.2. Why does edt emulation not work? - -We don't know, but you can use tpu-edt emulation instead, which works fine -and is a little fancier than the standard edt emulation. To do this, add -the following line to your @file{.emacs}: - +description of the XEmacs install tree, please consult the @file{NEWS} +file. + +@node Q5.3.6, Q5.3.7, Q5.3.5, Miscellaneous +@section [This question intentionally left blank] + +Obsolete question, left blank to avoid renumbering. + +@node Q5.3.7, Q5.3.8, Q5.3.6, Miscellaneous +@section Can I have the end of the buffer delimited in some way? + +Say, with: [END]? + +Use this: + +@lisp +(make-annotation "[END]" (point-max) 'text (current-buffer)) +@end lisp + +Note that you might want to put this in a hook. Since +@code{make-annotation} is not defined by default, you might also need: + +@lisp +(require 'annotations) +@end lisp + +@node Q5.3.8, Q5.3.9, Q5.3.7, Miscellaneous +@section How do I insert today's date into a buffer? + +Like this: + +@lisp +(insert (current-time-string)) +@end lisp + +@node Q5.3.9, Q5.3.10, Q5.3.8, Miscellaneous +@section Are only certain syntactic character classes available for abbrevs? + +Markus Gutschke <gutschk@@uni-muenster.de> writes: + +@quotation +Yes, abbrevs only expands word-syntax strings. While XEmacs does not +prevent you from defining (e.g. with @kbd{C-x a g} or @kbd{C-x a l}) +abbrevs that contain special characters, it will refuse to expand +them. So you need to ensure, that the abbreviation contains letters and +digits only. This means that @samp{xd}, @samp{d5}, and @samp{5d} are +valid abbrevs, but @samp{&d}, and @samp{x d} are not. + +If this sounds confusing to you, (re-)read the online documentation for +abbrevs (@kbd{C-h i m XEmacs RET m Abbrevs RET}), and then come back and +read this question/answer again. +@end quotation + +@node Q5.3.10, Q5.3.11, Q5.3.9, Miscellaneous +@section How can I get those oh-so-neat X-Face lines? + +Firstly there is an ftp site which describes X-faces and has the +associated tools mentioned below, at +<URL:ftp://ftp.cs.indiana.edu:/pub/faces/>. + +Then the steps are + +@enumerate +@item +Create 48x48x1 bitmap with your favorite tool + +@item +Convert to "icon" format using one of xbm2ikon, pbmtoicon, etc., +and then compile the face. + +@item @example -(load "tpu-edt") +cat file.xbm | xbm2ikon |compface > file.face @end example -If you don't want it to replace Ctrl-h with edt-style help menu add this as -well: - -@example -(global-set-key '(control h) 'help-for-help) -@end example - - -@node 22.3. -@section 22.3. How can I emulate VI and use it as my default mode? - -Our recommended VI emulator is viper. To put the current buffer into -viper-mode, use the command: +@item +Then be sure to quote things that are necessary for emacs strings: @example -M-x viper -@end example - -To make viper-mode the default, add the following lines to your @file{.emacs}: - -@example -(load-library "viper") -(setq term-setup-hook 'viper) -(setq find-file-hooks 'viper) -(setq find-file-not-found-hooks 'viper) +cat ./file.face | sed 's/\\/\\\\/g' | sed 's/\"/\\\"/g' > ./file.face.quoted @end example - -@node 22.4. -@section 22.4. Is there some way to get the behavior so that if the current buffer has a file associated with it, the current buffer will use that files name else use the buffer name? - -Just set frame-title-format from find-file-hooks. Alternatively, look at -the answer to question 15.2. - -In addition, one could set modeline-format. - - -@node 22.5. -@section 22.5. I have no idea where this is coming from, but ever since I moved from 19.9 to 19.13 I have started seeing that all of my buffers will get a minor mode called @samp{Omit}. I have no idea how it got there nor do I know what it does. What is it? - -It's part of dired. In dired, you can type M-o to get Omit mode and that will -ignore uninteresting files (checkpoint files and backups, for example). You -get Omit in the modeline everywhere because the variable `dired-omit-files-p' -is globally set to some non-nil value. If you want this functionality, it's -probably best to use a hook: - -@example -(add-hook 'dired-after-readin-hook '(lambda () (dired-omit-toggle))) -@end example - -Alternatively, since it seems odd to toggle the omit -state with every readin, since readin can happen many times in a Dired -buffer, you can try this hook to correct the "Omit" problem: +@item +Then set up emacs to include the file as a mail header - there were a +couple of suggestions here---either something like: + +@lisp +(setq mail-default-headers + "X-Face: <Ugly looking text string here>") +@end lisp + +Or, alternatively, as: + +@lisp +(defun mail-insert-x-face () + (save-excursion + (goto-char (point-min)) + (search-forward mail-header-separator) + (beginning-of-line nil) + (insert "X-Face:") + (insert-file "~/.face"))) + +(add-hook 'mail-setup-hook 'mail-insert-x-face) +@end lisp +@end enumerate + +However, 2 things might be wrong: + +Some versions of pbmtoicon produces some header lines that is not +expected by the version of compface that I grabbed. So I found I had to +include a @code{tail +3} in the pipeline like this: @example -(add-hook 'dired-mode-hook - (function (lambda () - ;; `dired-omit-files-p' is made buffer-local by "dired-x.el", but - ;; maybe not soon enough. - (make-local-variable 'dired-omit-files-p) - (setq dired-omit-files-p t)))) -@end example - -This is only run once, when the Dired buffer is created. - - -@node 22.6. -@section 22.6. How do I turn off the sound? - -Add the following line to your @file{.emacs} file: - -@example -(setq bell-volume 0) -(setq sound-alist nil) -@end example - - -@node 22.7. -@section 22.7. Can I have the end of the buffer delimited in some way? Say, with: [END] ? - -@example -(make-annotation "[END]" (point-max) 'text (current-buffer)) -@end example - -Note that you might want to put this in a hook. - -You might also need: - -@example -(require 'annotations) +cat file.xbm | xbm2ikon | tail +3 |compface > file.face @end example -since @code{make-annotation} is not defined by default. - - -@node 22.8. -@section 22.8. Can I insert today's date into buffer? - -Use this lisp in a function: - -@example -(insert (current-time-string)) -@end example - - -@node 22.9. -@section 22.9. Are only certain syntactic character classes available for abbrevs? I didn't see any restrictions in the info. - -Yes, abbrevs only expand word-syntax strings. So, in c-mode if you -wanted to expand something to @samp{define }, you would be able to -expand @samp{xd} but not @samp{#d}. - - -@node 22.10. -@section 22.10. Filladapt used to work after I loaded it. Now in 19.13 it doesn't. What gives? - -Filladapt 2.x is included in 19.13+. In it filladapt is now a minor -mode and minor modes are traditionally off by default. The following -added to your .emacs will turn it on for all buffers: - -@example -(setq-default filladapt-mode t) -@end example - -Use @code{turn-on-filladapt-mode} to turn Filladapt on in particular -major modes, like this: - -@example -(add-hook 'text-mode-hook 'turn-on-filladapt-mode) -@end example - - -@page -@contents +Some people have also found that if one uses the @code{(insert-file)} +method, one should NOT quote the face string using the sed script . + +It might also be helpful to use Stig's <stig@@hackvan.com> script +(included in the compface distribution at XEmacs.org) to do the +conversion. For convenience xbm2xface is available for anonymous FTP at +<URL:ftp://ftp.miranova.com/pub/xemacs/xbm2xface.pl>. + +Contributors for this item: + +Paul Emsley, +Ricardo Marek, +Amir J. Katz, +Glen McCort, +Heinz Uphoff, +Peter Arius, +Paul Harrison, and +Vegard Vesterheim + +@node Q5.3.11, Q5.3.12, Q5.3.10, Miscellaneous +@section How do I add new Info directories? + +You use something like: + +@lisp +(setq Info-directory-list (cons + (expand-file-name "~/info") + Info-default-directory-list)) +@end lisp + +David Masterson <davidm@@prism.kla.com> writes: + +@quotation +Emacs Info and XEmacs Info do many things differently. If you're trying to +support a number of versions of Emacs, here are some notes to remember: + +@enumerate +@item +Emacs Info scans @code{Info-directory-list} from right-to-left while +XEmacs Info reads it from left-to-right, so append to the @emph{correct} +end of the list. + +@item +Use @code{Info-default-directory-list} to initialize +@code{Info-directory-list} @emph{if} it is available at startup, but not +all Emacsen define it. + +@item +Emacs Info looks for a standard @file{dir} file in each of the +directories scanned from #1 and magically concatenates them together. + +@item +XEmacs Info looks for a @file{localdir} file (which consists of just the +menu entries from a @file{dir} file) in each of the directories scanned +from #1 (except the first), does a simple concatentation of them, and +magically attaches the resulting list to the end of the menu in the +@file{dir} file in the first directory. +@end enumerate + +Another alternative is to convert the documentation to HTML with +texi2html and read it from a web browser like Lynx or W3. +@end quotation + +@node Q5.3.12, , Q5.3.11, Miscellaneous +@section What do I need to change to make printing work? + +For regular printing there are two variables that can be customized. + +@table @code +@item lpr-command +This should be set to a command that takes standard input and sends +it to a printer. Something like: + +@lisp +(setq lpr-command "lp") +@end lisp + +@item lpr-switches +This should be set to a list that contains whatever the print command +requires to do its job. Something like: + +@lisp +(setq lpr-switches '("-depson")) +@end lisp +@end table + +For postscript printing there are three analogous variables to +customize. + +@table @code +@item ps-lpr-command +This should be set to a command that takes postscript on standard input +and directs it to a postscript printer. + +@item ps-lpr-switches +This should be set to a list of switches required for +@code{ps-lpr-command} to do its job. + +@item ps-print-color-p +This boolean variable should be set @code{t} if printing will be done in +color, otherwise it should be set to @code{nil}. +@end table + +NOTE: It is an undocumented limitation in XEmacs that postscript +printing (the @code{Pretty Print Buffer} menu item) @strong{requires} a +window system environment. It cannot be used outside of X11. + +@node Current Events, , Miscellaneous, Top +@chapter What the Future Holds + +This is part 6 of the XEmacs Frequently Asked Questions list. This +section will change monthly, and contains any interesting items that have +transpired over the previous month. If you are reading this from the +XEmacs distribution, please see the version on the Web or archived at the +various FAQ FTP sites, as this file is surely out of date. + +@menu +* Q6.0.1:: What is new in 19.15? +* Q6.0.3:: Procedural changes in XEmacs development. +@end menu + +@node Q6.0.1, Q6.0.3, Current Events, Current Events +@section What is new in 19.15? + +The biggest changes in 19.15 include integration of TM (a MIME package +for VM and Gnus), beautifying the outlook, and bugfixing. + +XEmacs 20.0 is now very close (currently a separate branch of XEmacs +that includes full Asian-language aka MULE support). This work is being +supported by Sun Microsystems. + +@node Q6.0.3, , Q6.0.1, Current Events +@section Procedural changes in XEmacs development. + +@enumerate +@item +Discussion about the development of XEmacs occurs on the xemacs-beta +mailing list. Subscriptions to this list will now be fully automated +instead of being handled by hand. Send a mail message to +<xemacs-beta-request@@xemacs.org> with a subject of subscribe to join +the list. Please note this is a developers mailing list for people who +have an active interest in the development process. + +@item +Due to the long development cycle in between releases, it has been +decided that intermediate versions will be made available in source only +form for the truly interested. + +XEmacs 19.15 is the end of the road for version 19 XEmacs. The next +release after 19.15 will be XEmacs 20.0. + +@item +As of December 1996, Steve Baur <steve@@altair.xemacs.org> has become +the lead maintainer of XEmacs. + @bye