--- /dev/null	Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000
+++ b/src/device-x.c	Mon Aug 13 11:28:15 2007 +0200
@@ -0,0 +1,1977 @@
+/* Device functions for X windows.
+   Copyright (C) 1994, 1995 Board of Trustees, University of Illinois.
+   Copyright (C) 1994, 1995 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+This file is part of XEmacs.
+
+XEmacs is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the
+Free Software Foundation; either version 2, or (at your option) any
+later version.
+
+XEmacs is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
+ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
+FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
+for more details.
+
+You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+along with XEmacs; see the file COPYING.  If not, write to
+the Free Software Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330,
+Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA.  */
+
+/* Synched up with: Not in FSF. */
+
+/* Original authors: Jamie Zawinski and the FSF */
+/* Rewritten by Ben Wing and Chuck Thompson. */
+
+#include <config.h>
+#include "lisp.h"
+
+#include "console-x.h"
+#include "xintrinsicp.h"	/* CoreP.h needs this */
+#include <X11/CoreP.h>		/* Numerous places access the fields of
+				   a core widget directly.  We could
+				   use XtGetValues(), but ... */
+#include "xgccache.h"
+#include <X11/Shell.h>
+#include "xmu.h"
+#include "glyphs-x.h"
+#include "objects-x.h"
+
+#include "buffer.h"
+#include "elhash.h"
+#include "events.h"
+#include "faces.h"
+#include "frame.h"
+#include "redisplay.h"
+#include "sysdep.h"
+#include "window.h"
+
+#include "sysfile.h"
+#include "systime.h"
+
+#ifdef HAVE_OFFIX_DND
+#include "offix.h"
+#endif
+
+Lisp_Object Vdefault_x_device;
+#if defined(MULE) && (defined(LWLIB_MENUBARS_MOTIF) || defined(HAVE_XIM) || defined (USE_XFONTSET))
+Lisp_Object Vx_app_defaults_directory;
+#endif
+
+/* Qdisplay in general.c */
+Lisp_Object Qx_error;
+Lisp_Object Qinit_pre_x_win, Qinit_post_x_win;
+
+/* The application class of Emacs. */
+Lisp_Object Vx_emacs_application_class;
+
+Lisp_Object Vx_initial_argv_list; /* #### ugh! */
+
+static XrmOptionDescRec emacs_options[] =
+{
+  {"-geometry", ".geometry", XrmoptionSepArg, NULL},
+  {"-iconic", ".iconic", XrmoptionNoArg, "yes"},
+
+  {"-internal-border-width", "*EmacsFrame.internalBorderWidth", XrmoptionSepArg, NULL},
+  {"-ib",                    "*EmacsFrame.internalBorderWidth", XrmoptionSepArg, NULL},
+  {"-scrollbar-width",       "*EmacsFrame.scrollBarWidth",      XrmoptionSepArg, NULL},
+  {"-scrollbar-height",      "*EmacsFrame.scrollBarHeight",     XrmoptionSepArg, NULL},
+
+  {"-privatecolormap", ".privateColormap", XrmoptionNoArg,  "yes"},
+  {"-visual",   ".EmacsVisual",	    XrmoptionSepArg, NULL},
+
+  /* #### Beware!  If the type of the shell changes, update this. */
+  {"-T",        "*TopLevelEmacsShell.title",    XrmoptionSepArg, NULL},
+  {"-wn",       "*TopLevelEmacsShell.title",    XrmoptionSepArg, NULL},
+  {"-title",    "*TopLevelEmacsShell.title",    XrmoptionSepArg, NULL},
+
+  {"-iconname", "*TopLevelEmacsShell.iconName", XrmoptionSepArg, NULL},
+  {"-in",       "*TopLevelEmacsShell.iconName", XrmoptionSepArg, NULL},
+  {"-mc",       "*pointerColor",                XrmoptionSepArg, NULL},
+  {"-cr",       "*cursorColor",                 XrmoptionSepArg, NULL},
+  {"-fontset",  "*FontSet",                     XrmoptionSepArg, NULL},
+};
+
+/* Functions to synchronize mirroring resources and specifiers */
+int in_resource_setting;
+
+/************************************************************************/
+/*                          helper functions                            */
+/************************************************************************/
+
+/* JH 97/11/25 removed the static declaration because I need it during setup in event-Xt... */
+struct device * get_device_from_display_1 (Display *dpy);
+struct device *
+get_device_from_display_1 (Display *dpy)
+{
+  Lisp_Object devcons, concons;
+
+  DEVICE_LOOP_NO_BREAK (devcons, concons)
+    {
+      struct device *d = XDEVICE (XCAR (devcons));
+      if (DEVICE_X_P (d) && DEVICE_X_DISPLAY (d) == dpy)
+	return d;
+    }
+
+  return 0;
+}
+
+struct device *
+get_device_from_display (Display *dpy)
+{
+  struct device *d = get_device_from_display_1 (dpy);
+
+#if !defined(INFODOCK)
+# define FALLBACK_RESOURCE_NAME "xemacs"
+# else
+# define FALLBACK_RESOURCE_NAME "infodock"
+#endif
+
+  if (!d) {
+    /* This isn't one of our displays.  Let's crash? */
+    stderr_out
+      ("\n%s: Fatal X Condition.  Asked about display we don't own: \"%s\"\n",
+       (STRINGP (Vinvocation_name) ?
+	(char *) XSTRING_DATA (Vinvocation_name) : FALLBACK_RESOURCE_NAME),
+       DisplayString (dpy) ? DisplayString (dpy) : "???");
+    abort();
+  }
+
+#undef FALLBACK_RESOURCE_NAME
+
+  return d;
+}
+
+struct device *
+decode_x_device (Lisp_Object device)
+{
+  XSETDEVICE (device, decode_device (device));
+  CHECK_X_DEVICE (device);
+  return XDEVICE (device);
+}
+
+static Display *
+get_x_display (Lisp_Object device)
+{
+  return DEVICE_X_DISPLAY (decode_x_device (device));
+}
+
+
+/************************************************************************/
+/*		      initializing an X connection			*/
+/************************************************************************/
+
+static void
+allocate_x_device_struct (struct device *d)
+{
+  d->device_data = xnew_and_zero (struct x_device);
+}
+
+static void
+Xatoms_of_device_x (struct device *d)
+{
+  Display *D = DEVICE_X_DISPLAY (d);
+
+  DEVICE_XATOM_WM_PROTOCOLS    (d) = XInternAtom (D, "WM_PROTOCOLS",    False);
+  DEVICE_XATOM_WM_DELETE_WINDOW(d) = XInternAtom (D, "WM_DELETE_WINDOW",False);
+  DEVICE_XATOM_WM_SAVE_YOURSELF(d) = XInternAtom (D, "WM_SAVE_YOURSELF",False);
+  DEVICE_XATOM_WM_TAKE_FOCUS   (d) = XInternAtom (D, "WM_TAKE_FOCUS",   False);
+  DEVICE_XATOM_WM_STATE        (d) = XInternAtom (D, "WM_STATE",        False);
+}
+
+static void
+sanity_check_geometry_resource (Display *dpy)
+{
+  char *app_name, *app_class, *s;
+  char buf1 [255], buf2 [255];
+  char *type;
+  XrmValue value;
+  XtGetApplicationNameAndClass (dpy, &app_name, &app_class);
+  strcpy (buf1, app_name);
+  strcpy (buf2, app_class);
+  for (s = buf1; *s; s++) if (*s == '.') *s = '_';
+  strcat (buf1, "._no_._such_._resource_.geometry");
+  strcat (buf2, "._no_._such_._resource_.Geometry");
+  if (XrmGetResource (XtDatabase (dpy), buf1, buf2, &type, &value) == True)
+    {
+      warn_when_safe (Qgeometry, Qerror,
+		      "\n"
+"Apparently \"%s*geometry: %s\" or \"%s*geometry: %s\" was\n"
+"specified in the resource database.  Specifying \"*geometry\" will make\n"
+"XEmacs (and most other X programs) malfunction in obscure ways. (i.e.\n"
+"the Xt or Xm libraries will probably crash, which is a very bad thing.)\n"
+"You should always use \".geometry\" or \"*EmacsFrame.geometry\" instead.\n",
+		  app_name, (char *) value.addr,
+		  app_class, (char *) value.addr);
+      suppress_early_error_handler_backtrace = 1;
+      error ("Invalid geometry resource");
+    }
+}
+
+static void
+x_init_device_class (struct device *d)
+{
+  if (DEVICE_X_DEPTH(d) > 2)
+    {
+      switch (DEVICE_X_VISUAL(d)->class)
+	{
+	case StaticGray:
+	case GrayScale:
+	  DEVICE_CLASS (d) = Qgrayscale;
+	  break;
+	default:
+	  DEVICE_CLASS (d) = Qcolor;
+	}
+    }
+  else
+    DEVICE_CLASS (d) = Qmono;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Figure out what application name to use for xemacs
+ *
+ * Since we have decomposed XtOpenDisplay into XOpenDisplay and
+ * XtDisplayInitialize, we no longer get this for free.
+ *
+ * If there is a `-name' argument in argv, use that.
+ * Otherwise use the last component of argv[0].
+ *
+ * I have removed the gratuitous use of getenv("RESOURCE_NAME")
+ * which was in X11R5, but left the matching of any prefix of `-name'.
+ * Finally, if all else fails, return `xemacs', as it is more
+ * appropriate (X11R5 returns `main').
+ */
+static char *
+compute_x_app_name (int argc, char **argv)
+{
+  int i;
+  char *ptr;
+
+  for (i = 1; i < argc - 1; i++)
+    if (!strncmp(argv[i], "-name", max (2, strlen (argv[1]))))
+      return argv[i+1];
+
+  if (argc > 0 && argv[0] && *argv[0])
+    return (ptr = strrchr (argv[0], '/')) ? ++ptr : argv[0];
+
+  return "xemacs";
+}
+
+/*
+ * This function figures out whether the user has any resources of the
+ * form "XEmacs.foo" or "XEmacs*foo".
+ *
+ * Currently we only consult the display's global resources; to look
+ * for screen specific resources, we would need to also consult:
+ * xdefs = XScreenResourceString(ScreenOfDisplay(dpy, scrno));
+ */
+static int
+have_xemacs_resources_in_xrdb (Display *dpy)
+{
+  char *xdefs, *key;
+  int len;
+
+#ifdef INFODOCK
+  key = "InfoDock";
+#else
+  key = "XEmacs";
+#endif
+  len = strlen (key);
+
+  if (!dpy)
+    return 0;
+
+  xdefs = XResourceManagerString (dpy);      /* don't free - owned by X */
+  while (xdefs && *xdefs)
+    {
+      if (strncmp (xdefs, key, len) == 0  &&
+          (xdefs[len] == '*' || xdefs[len] == '.'))
+        return 1;
+
+      while (*xdefs && *xdefs++ != '\n')     /* find start of next entry.. */
+        ;
+    }
+
+  return 0;
+}
+
+/* Only the characters [-_A-Za-z0-9] are allowed in the individual
+   components of a resource.  Convert invalid characters to `-' */
+
+static char valid_resource_char_p[256];
+
+static void
+validify_resource_component (char *str, size_t len)
+{
+  for (; len; len--, str++)
+    if (!valid_resource_char_p[(unsigned char) (*str)])
+      *str = '-';
+}
+
+static void
+Dynarr_add_validified_lisp_string (char_dynarr *cda, Lisp_Object str)
+{
+  Bytecount len = XSTRING_LENGTH (str);
+  Dynarr_add_many (cda, (char *) XSTRING_DATA (str), len);
+  validify_resource_component (Dynarr_atp (cda, Dynarr_length (cda) - len), len);
+}
+
+#if 0
+/* compare visual info for qsorting */
+static int
+x_comp_visual_info (const void *elem1, const void *elem2)
+{
+  XVisualInfo *left, *right;
+
+  left = (XVisualInfo *)elem1;
+  right = (XVisualInfo *)elem2;
+
+  if ( left == NULL )
+    return -1;
+  if ( right == NULL )
+    return 1;
+
+  if ( left->depth > right->depth ) {
+    return 1;
+  }
+  else if ( left->depth == right->depth ) {
+    if ( left->colormap_size > right->colormap_size )
+      return 1;
+    if ( left->class > right->class )
+      return 1;
+    else if ( left->class < right->class )
+      return -1;
+    else
+      return 0;
+  }
+  else {
+    return -1;
+  }
+
+}
+#endif /* if 0 */
+
+#define XXX_IMAGE_LIBRARY_IS_SOMEWHAT_BROKEN
+static Visual *
+x_try_best_visual_class (Screen *screen, int scrnum, int visual_class)
+{
+  Display *dpy = DisplayOfScreen (screen);
+  XVisualInfo vi_in;
+  XVisualInfo *vi_out = NULL;
+  int out_count;
+
+  vi_in.class = visual_class;
+  vi_in.screen = scrnum;
+  vi_out = XGetVisualInfo (dpy, (VisualClassMask | VisualScreenMask),
+			   &vi_in, &out_count);
+  if ( vi_out )
+    {
+      int i, best;
+      Visual *visual;
+      for (i = 0, best = 0; i < out_count; i++)
+	/* It's better if it's deeper, or if it's the same depth with
+	   more cells (does that ever happen?  Well, it could...)
+	   NOTE: don't allow pseudo color to get larger than 8! */
+	if (((vi_out [i].depth > vi_out [best].depth) ||
+	     ((vi_out [i].depth == vi_out [best].depth) &&
+	      (vi_out [i].colormap_size > vi_out [best].colormap_size)))
+#ifdef XXX_IMAGE_LIBRARY_IS_SOMEWHAT_BROKEN
+	    /* For now, the image library doesn't like PseudoColor visuals
+	       of depths other than 1 or 8.  Depths greater than 8 only occur
+	       on machines which have TrueColor anyway, so probably we'll end
+	       up using that (it is the one that `Best' would pick) but if a
+	       PseudoColor visual is explicitly specified, pick the 8 bit one.
+	    */
+	    && (visual_class != PseudoColor ||
+		vi_out [i].depth == 1 ||
+		vi_out [i].depth == 8)
+#endif
+
+	    /* SGI has 30-bit deep visuals.  Ignore them.
+                (We only have 24-bit data anyway.)
+              */
+	    && (vi_out [i].depth <= 24)
+	    )
+	  best = i;
+      visual = vi_out[best].visual;
+      XFree ((char *) vi_out);
+      return visual;
+    }
+  else
+    return 0;
+}
+
+static int
+x_get_visual_depth (Display *dpy, Visual *visual)
+{
+  XVisualInfo vi_in;
+  XVisualInfo *vi_out;
+  int out_count, d;
+
+  vi_in.visualid = XVisualIDFromVisual (visual);
+  vi_out = XGetVisualInfo (dpy, /*VisualScreenMask|*/VisualIDMask,
+			   &vi_in, &out_count);
+  if (! vi_out) abort ();
+  d = vi_out [0].depth;
+  XFree ((char *) vi_out);
+  return d;
+}
+
+static Visual *
+x_try_best_visual (Display *dpy, int scrnum)
+{
+  Visual *visual = NULL;
+  Screen *screen = ScreenOfDisplay (dpy, scrnum);
+  if ((visual = x_try_best_visual_class (screen, scrnum, TrueColor))
+      && x_get_visual_depth (dpy, visual) >= 16 )
+    return visual;
+  if ((visual = x_try_best_visual_class (screen, scrnum, PseudoColor)))
+    return visual;
+  if ((visual = x_try_best_visual_class (screen, scrnum, TrueColor)))
+    return visual;
+#ifdef DIRECTCOLOR_WORKS
+  if ((visual = x_try_best_visual_class (screen, scrnum, DirectColor)))
+    return visual;
+#endif
+
+  visual = DefaultVisualOfScreen (screen);
+  if ( x_get_visual_depth (dpy, visual) >= 8 )
+    return visual;
+
+  if ((visual = x_try_best_visual_class (screen, scrnum, StaticGray)))
+    return visual;
+  if ((visual = x_try_best_visual_class (screen, scrnum, GrayScale)))
+    return visual;
+  return DefaultVisualOfScreen (screen);
+}
+
+
+static void
+x_init_device (struct device *d, Lisp_Object props)
+{
+  Lisp_Object display;
+  Lisp_Object device;
+  Display *dpy;
+  Widget app_shell;
+  int argc;
+  char **argv;
+  CONST char *app_class;
+  CONST char *app_name;
+  CONST char *disp_name;
+  Visual *visual = NULL;
+  int depth = 8;		/* shut up the compiler */
+  Colormap cmap;
+  int screen;
+  /* */
+  int best_visual_found = 0;
+
+  XSETDEVICE (device, d);
+  display = DEVICE_CONNECTION (d);
+
+  allocate_x_device_struct (d);
+
+  make_argc_argv (Vx_initial_argv_list, &argc, &argv);
+
+  GET_C_STRING_CTEXT_DATA_ALLOCA (display, disp_name);
+
+  /*
+   * Break apart the old XtOpenDisplay call into XOpenDisplay and
+   * XtDisplayInitialize so we can figure out whether there
+   * are any XEmacs resources in the resource database before
+   * we initialize Xt.  This is so we can automagically support
+   * both `Emacs' and `XEmacs' application classes.
+   */
+  slow_down_interrupts ();
+  /* May not be needed but XtOpenDisplay could not deal with signals here. */
+  dpy = DEVICE_X_DISPLAY (d) = XOpenDisplay (disp_name);
+  speed_up_interrupts ();
+
+  if (dpy == 0)
+    {
+      suppress_early_error_handler_backtrace = 1;
+      signal_simple_error ("X server not responding\n", display);
+    }
+
+  if (STRINGP (Vx_emacs_application_class) &&
+      XSTRING_LENGTH (Vx_emacs_application_class) > 0)
+    GET_C_STRING_CTEXT_DATA_ALLOCA (Vx_emacs_application_class, app_class);
+  else
+    {
+      app_class = (NILP (Vx_emacs_application_class)  &&
+                   have_xemacs_resources_in_xrdb (dpy))
+#ifdef INFODOCK
+                  ? "InfoDock"
+#else
+                  ? "XEmacs"
+#endif
+                  : "Emacs";
+      /* need to update Vx_emacs_application_class: */
+      Vx_emacs_application_class = build_string (app_class);
+    }
+
+  slow_down_interrupts ();
+  /* May not be needed but XtOpenDisplay could not deal with signals here.
+     Yuck. */
+  XtDisplayInitialize (Xt_app_con, dpy, compute_x_app_name (argc, argv),
+                       app_class, emacs_options,
+                       XtNumber (emacs_options), &argc, argv);
+  speed_up_interrupts ();
+
+  screen = DefaultScreen (dpy);
+  if (NILP (Vdefault_x_device))
+    Vdefault_x_device = device;
+
+#ifdef MULE
+#if defined(LWLIB_MENUBARS_MOTIF) || defined(HAVE_XIM) || defined (USE_XFONTSET)
+  {
+    /* Read in locale-specific resources from
+       data-directory/app-defaults/$LANG/Emacs.
+       This is in addition to the standard app-defaults files, and
+       does not override resources defined elsewhere */
+    CONST char *data_dir;
+    char *path;
+    XrmDatabase db = XtDatabase (dpy); /* #### XtScreenDatabase(dpy) ? */
+    CONST char *locale = XrmLocaleOfDatabase (db);
+
+    if (STRINGP (Vx_app_defaults_directory) &&
+	XSTRING_LENGTH (Vx_app_defaults_directory) > 0)
+      {
+	GET_C_STRING_FILENAME_DATA_ALLOCA(Vx_app_defaults_directory, data_dir);
+	path = (char *)alloca (strlen (data_dir) + strlen (locale) + 7);
+	sprintf (path, "%s%s/Emacs", data_dir, locale);
+	if (!access (path, R_OK))
+	  XrmCombineFileDatabase (path, &db, False);
+      }
+    else if (STRINGP (Vdata_directory) && XSTRING_LENGTH (Vdata_directory) > 0)
+      {
+	GET_C_STRING_FILENAME_DATA_ALLOCA (Vdata_directory, data_dir);
+	path = (char *)alloca (strlen (data_dir) + 13 + strlen (locale) + 7);
+	sprintf (path, "%sapp-defaults/%s/Emacs", data_dir, locale);
+	if (!access (path, R_OK))
+	  XrmCombineFileDatabase (path, &db, False);
+      }
+ }
+#endif /* LWLIB_MENUBARS_MOTIF or HAVE_XIM USE_XFONTSET */
+#endif /* MULE */
+
+  if (NILP (DEVICE_NAME (d)))
+    DEVICE_NAME (d) = display;
+
+  /* We're going to modify the string in-place, so be a nice XEmacs */
+  DEVICE_NAME (d) = Fcopy_sequence (DEVICE_NAME (d));
+  /* colons and periods can't appear in individual elements of resource
+     strings */
+
+  XtGetApplicationNameAndClass (dpy, (char **) &app_name, (char **) &app_class);
+  /* search for a matching visual if requested by the user, or setup the display default */
+  {
+    int resource_name_length = max (sizeof (".emacsVisual"),
+				    sizeof (".privateColormap"));
+    char *buf1 = alloca_array (char, strlen (app_name)  + resource_name_length);
+    char *buf2 = alloca_array (char, strlen (app_class) + resource_name_length);
+    char *type;
+    XrmValue value;
+
+    sprintf (buf1, "%s.emacsVisual", app_name);
+    sprintf (buf2, "%s.EmacsVisual", app_class);
+    if (XrmGetResource (XtDatabase (dpy), buf1, buf2, &type, &value) == True)
+      {
+	int cnt = 0;
+	int vis_class = PseudoColor;
+	XVisualInfo vinfo;
+	char *str = (char*) value.addr;
+
+#define CHECK_VIS_CLASS(visual_class)					\
+ else if (memcmp (str, #visual_class, sizeof (#visual_class) - 1) == 0)	\
+	cnt = sizeof (#visual_class) - 1, vis_class = visual_class
+
+	if (1)
+	  ;
+	CHECK_VIS_CLASS (StaticGray);
+	CHECK_VIS_CLASS (StaticColor);
+	CHECK_VIS_CLASS (TrueColor);
+	CHECK_VIS_CLASS (GrayScale);
+	CHECK_VIS_CLASS (PseudoColor);
+	CHECK_VIS_CLASS (DirectColor);
+
+	if (cnt)
+	  {
+	    depth = atoi (str + cnt);
+	    if (depth == 0)
+	      {
+		stderr_out ("Invalid Depth specification in %s... ignoring...\n", str);
+	      }
+	    else
+	      {
+		if (XMatchVisualInfo (dpy, screen, depth, vis_class, &vinfo))
+		  {
+		    visual = vinfo.visual;
+		  }
+		else
+		  {
+		    stderr_out ("Can't match the requested visual %s... using defaults\n", str);
+		  }
+	      }
+	  }
+	else
+	  {
+	    stderr_out( "Invalid Visual specification in %s... ignoring.\n", str);
+	  }
+      }
+    if (visual == NULL)
+      {
+	/*
+	  visual = DefaultVisual(dpy, screen);
+	  depth = DefaultDepth(dpy, screen);
+	*/
+	visual = x_try_best_visual (dpy, screen);
+	depth = x_get_visual_depth (dpy, visual);
+	best_visual_found = (visual != DefaultVisual (dpy, screen));
+      }
+
+    /* If we've got the same visual as the default and it's PseudoColor,
+       check to see if the user specified that we need a private colormap */
+    if (visual == DefaultVisual (dpy, screen))
+      {
+	sprintf (buf1, "%s.privateColormap", app_name);
+	sprintf (buf2, "%s.PrivateColormap", app_class);
+	if ((visual->class == PseudoColor) &&
+	    (XrmGetResource (XtDatabase (dpy), buf1, buf2, &type, &value) == True))
+	  {
+	     cmap = XCopyColormapAndFree (dpy, DefaultColormap (dpy, screen));
+	  }
+	else
+	  {
+	    cmap = DefaultColormap (dpy, screen);
+	  }
+      }
+    else
+      {
+	if ( best_visual_found )
+	  {
+	    cmap = XCreateColormap (dpy,  RootWindow (dpy, screen), visual, AllocNone);
+	  }
+	else
+	  {
+	    /* We have to create a matching colormap anyway...
+	       ### think about using standard colormaps (need the Xmu libs?) */
+	    cmap = XCreateColormap(dpy, RootWindow(dpy, screen), visual, AllocNone);
+	    XInstallColormap(dpy, cmap);
+	  }
+      }
+  }
+
+  DEVICE_X_VISUAL   (d) = visual;
+  DEVICE_X_COLORMAP (d) = cmap;
+  DEVICE_X_DEPTH    (d) = depth;
+  validify_resource_component ((char *) XSTRING_DATA (DEVICE_NAME (d)),
+			       XSTRING_LENGTH (DEVICE_NAME (d)));
+
+  {
+    Arg al[3];
+    XtSetArg (al[0], XtNvisual,   visual);
+    XtSetArg (al[1], XtNdepth,    depth);
+    XtSetArg (al[2], XtNcolormap, cmap);
+
+    app_shell = XtAppCreateShell (NULL, app_class,
+				  applicationShellWidgetClass,
+				  dpy, al, countof (al));
+  }
+
+  DEVICE_XT_APP_SHELL (d) = app_shell;
+
+#ifdef HAVE_XIM
+  XIM_init_device(d);
+#endif /* HAVE_XIM */
+
+  /* Realize the app_shell so that its window exists for GC creation purposes,
+     and set it to the size of the root window for child placement purposes */
+  {
+    Arg al[5];
+    XtSetArg (al[0], XtNmappedWhenManaged, False);
+    XtSetArg (al[1], XtNx, 0);
+    XtSetArg (al[2], XtNy, 0);
+    XtSetArg (al[3], XtNwidth,  WidthOfScreen  (ScreenOfDisplay (dpy, screen)));
+    XtSetArg (al[4], XtNheight, HeightOfScreen (ScreenOfDisplay (dpy, screen)));
+    XtSetValues (app_shell, al, countof (al));
+    XtRealizeWidget (app_shell);
+  }
+
+#ifdef HAVE_WMCOMMAND
+  {
+    int new_argc;
+    char **new_argv;
+    make_argc_argv (Vcommand_line_args, &new_argc, &new_argv);
+    XSetCommand (XtDisplay (app_shell), XtWindow (app_shell), new_argv, new_argc);
+    free_argc_argv (new_argv);
+  }
+#endif /* HAVE_WMCOMMAND */
+
+
+#ifdef HAVE_OFFIX_DND
+  DndInitialize ( app_shell );
+#endif
+
+  Vx_initial_argv_list = make_arg_list (argc, argv);
+  free_argc_argv (argv);
+
+  DEVICE_X_WM_COMMAND_FRAME (d) = Qnil;
+
+  sanity_check_geometry_resource (dpy);
+
+  /* In event-Xt.c */
+  x_init_modifier_mapping (d);
+
+  DEVICE_INFD (d) = DEVICE_OUTFD (d) = ConnectionNumber (dpy);
+  init_baud_rate (d);
+  init_one_device (d);
+
+  DEVICE_X_GC_CACHE (d) = make_gc_cache (dpy, XtWindow(app_shell));
+  DEVICE_X_GRAY_PIXMAP (d) = None;
+  Xatoms_of_device_x (d);
+  Xatoms_of_xselect (d);
+  Xatoms_of_objects_x (d);
+  x_init_device_class (d);
+
+  /* Run the elisp side of the X device initialization. */
+  call0 (Qinit_pre_x_win);
+}
+
+static void
+x_finish_init_device (struct device *d, Lisp_Object props)
+{
+  call0 (Qinit_post_x_win);
+}
+
+static void
+x_mark_device (struct device *d)
+{
+  mark_object (DEVICE_X_WM_COMMAND_FRAME (d));
+  mark_object (DEVICE_X_DATA (d)->x_keysym_map_hash_table);
+}
+
+
+/************************************************************************/
+/*                       closing an X connection	                */
+/************************************************************************/
+
+static void
+free_x_device_struct (struct device *d)
+{
+  xfree (d->device_data);
+}
+
+static void
+x_delete_device (struct device *d)
+{
+  Lisp_Object device;
+  Display *display;
+#ifdef FREE_CHECKING
+  extern void (*__free_hook) (void *);
+  int checking_free;
+#endif
+
+  XSETDEVICE (device, d);
+  display = DEVICE_X_DISPLAY (d);
+
+  if (display)
+    {
+#ifdef FREE_CHECKING
+      checking_free = (__free_hook != 0);
+
+      /* Disable strict free checking, to avoid bug in X library */
+      if (checking_free)
+	disable_strict_free_check ();
+#endif
+
+      free_gc_cache (DEVICE_X_GC_CACHE (d));
+      if (DEVICE_X_DATA (d)->x_modifier_keymap)
+	XFreeModifiermap (DEVICE_X_DATA (d)->x_modifier_keymap);
+      if (DEVICE_X_DATA (d)->x_keysym_map)
+	XFree ((char *) DEVICE_X_DATA (d)->x_keysym_map);
+
+      if (DEVICE_XT_APP_SHELL (d))
+	{
+	  XtDestroyWidget (DEVICE_XT_APP_SHELL (d));
+	  DEVICE_XT_APP_SHELL (d) = NULL;
+	}
+
+      XtCloseDisplay (display);
+      DEVICE_X_DISPLAY (d) = 0;
+#ifdef FREE_CHECKING
+      if (checking_free)
+	enable_strict_free_check ();
+#endif
+    }
+
+  if (EQ (device, Vdefault_x_device))
+    {
+      Lisp_Object devcons, concons;
+      /* #### handle deleting last X device */
+      Vdefault_x_device = Qnil;
+      DEVICE_LOOP_NO_BREAK (devcons, concons)
+	{
+	  if (DEVICE_X_P (XDEVICE (XCAR (devcons))) &&
+	      !EQ (device, XCAR (devcons)))
+	    {
+	      Vdefault_x_device = XCAR (devcons);
+	      goto double_break;
+	    }
+	}
+    }
+ double_break:
+  free_x_device_struct (d);
+}
+
+
+/************************************************************************/
+/*				handle X errors				*/
+/************************************************************************/
+
+CONST char *
+x_event_name (int event_type)
+{
+  static CONST char *events[] =
+  {
+    "0: ERROR!",
+    "1: REPLY",
+    "KeyPress",
+    "KeyRelease",
+    "ButtonPress",
+    "ButtonRelease",
+    "MotionNotify",
+    "EnterNotify",
+    "LeaveNotify",
+    "FocusIn",
+    "FocusOut",
+    "KeymapNotify",
+    "Expose",
+    "GraphicsExpose",
+    "NoExpose",
+    "VisibilityNotify",
+    "CreateNotify",
+    "DestroyNotify",
+    "UnmapNotify",
+    "MapNotify",
+    "MapRequest",
+    "ReparentNotify",
+    "ConfigureNotify",
+    "ConfigureRequest",
+    "GravityNotify",
+    "ResizeRequest",
+    "CirculateNotify",
+    "CirculateRequest",
+    "PropertyNotify",
+    "SelectionClear",
+    "SelectionRequest",
+    "SelectionNotify",
+    "ColormapNotify",
+    "ClientMessage",
+    "MappingNotify",
+    "LASTEvent"
+  };
+
+  if (event_type < 0 || event_type >= countof (events))
+    return NULL;
+  return events [event_type];
+}
+
+/* Handling errors.
+
+   If an X error occurs which we are not expecting, we have no alternative
+   but to print it to stderr.  It would be nice to stuff it into a pop-up
+   buffer, or to print it in the minibuffer, but that's not possible, because
+   one is not allowed to do any I/O on the display connection from an error
+   handler. The guts of Xlib expect these functions to either return or exit.
+
+   However, there are occasions when we might expect an error to reasonably
+   occur.  The interface to this is as follows:
+
+   Before calling some X routine which may error, call
+	expect_x_error (dpy);
+
+   Just after calling the X routine, call either:
+
+	x_error_occurred_p (dpy);
+
+   to ask whether an error happened (and was ignored), or:
+
+	signal_if_x_error (dpy, resumable_p);
+
+   which will call Fsignal() with args appropriate to the X error, if there
+   was one.  (Resumable_p is whether the debugger should be allowed to
+   continue from the call to signal.)
+
+   You must call one of these two routines immediately after calling the X
+   routine; think of them as bookends like BLOCK_INPUT and UNBLOCK_INPUT.
+ */
+
+static int error_expected;
+static int error_occurred;
+static XErrorEvent last_error;
+
+/* OVERKILL! */
+
+#ifdef EXTERNAL_WIDGET
+static Lisp_Object
+x_error_handler_do_enqueue (Lisp_Object frame)
+{
+  enqueue_magic_eval_event (io_error_delete_frame, frame);
+  return Qt;
+}
+
+static Lisp_Object
+x_error_handler_error (Lisp_Object data, Lisp_Object dummy)
+{
+  return Qnil;
+}
+#endif /* EXTERNAL_WIDGET */
+
+int
+x_error_handler (Display *disp, XErrorEvent *event)
+{
+  if (error_expected)
+    {
+      error_expected = 0;
+      error_occurred = 1;
+      last_error = *event;
+    }
+  else
+    {
+#ifdef EXTERNAL_WIDGET
+      struct frame *f;
+      struct device *d = get_device_from_display (disp);
+
+      if ((event->error_code == BadWindow ||
+	   event->error_code == BadDrawable)
+	  && ((f = x_any_window_to_frame (d, event->resourceid)) != 0))
+	{
+	  Lisp_Object frame;
+
+	/* one of the windows comprising one of our frames has died.
+	   This occurs particularly with ExternalShell frames when the
+	   client that owns the ExternalShell's window dies.
+
+	   We cannot do any I/O on the display connection so we need
+	   to enqueue an eval event so that the deletion happens
+	   later.
+
+	   Furthermore, we need to trap any errors (out-of-memory) that
+	   may occur when Fenqueue_eval_event is called.
+	 */
+
+	if (f->being_deleted)
+	  return 0;
+	XSETFRAME (frame, f);
+	if (!NILP (condition_case_1 (Qerror, x_error_handler_do_enqueue,
+				     frame, x_error_handler_error, Qnil)))
+	  {
+	    f->being_deleted = 1;
+	    f->visible = 0;
+	  }
+	return 0;
+      }
+#endif /* EXTERNAL_WIDGET */
+
+      stderr_out ("\n%s: ",
+		  (STRINGP (Vinvocation_name)
+		   ? (char *) XSTRING_DATA (Vinvocation_name)
+		   : "xemacs"));
+      XmuPrintDefaultErrorMessage (disp, event, stderr);
+    }
+  return 0;
+}
+
+void
+expect_x_error (Display *dpy)
+{
+  assert (!error_expected);
+  XSync (dpy, 0);	/* handle pending errors before setting flag */
+  error_expected = 1;
+  error_occurred = 0;
+}
+
+int
+x_error_occurred_p (Display *dpy)
+{
+  int val;
+  XSync (dpy, 0);	/* handle pending errors before setting flag */
+  val = error_occurred;
+  error_expected = 0;
+  error_occurred = 0;
+  return val;
+}
+
+int
+signal_if_x_error (Display *dpy, int resumable_p)
+{
+  char buf[1024];
+  Lisp_Object data;
+  if (! x_error_occurred_p (dpy))
+    return 0;
+  data = Qnil;
+  sprintf (buf, "0x%X", (unsigned int) last_error.resourceid);
+  data = Fcons (build_string (buf), data);
+  {
+    char num [32];
+    sprintf (num, "%d", last_error.request_code);
+    XGetErrorDatabaseText (last_error.display, "XRequest", num, "",
+			   buf, sizeof (buf));
+    if (! *buf)
+      sprintf (buf, "Request-%d", last_error.request_code);
+    data = Fcons (build_string (buf), data);
+  }
+  XGetErrorText (last_error.display, last_error.error_code, buf, sizeof (buf));
+  data = Fcons (build_string (buf), data);
+ again:
+  Fsignal (Qx_error, data);
+  if (! resumable_p) goto again;
+  return 1;
+}
+
+int
+x_IO_error_handler (Display *disp)
+{
+  /* This function can GC */
+  Lisp_Object dev;
+  struct device *d = get_device_from_display_1 (disp);
+
+  assert (d != NULL);
+  XSETDEVICE (dev, d);
+
+  if (NILP (find_nonminibuffer_frame_not_on_device (dev)))
+    {
+      /* We're going down. */
+      stderr_out
+	("\n%s: Fatal I/O Error %d (%s) on display connection \"%s\"\n",
+         (STRINGP (Vinvocation_name) ?
+	  (char *) XSTRING_DATA (Vinvocation_name) : "xemacs"),
+	 errno, strerror (errno), DisplayString (disp));
+      stderr_out
+        ("  after %lu requests (%lu known processed) with %d events remaining.\n",
+         NextRequest (disp) - 1, LastKnownRequestProcessed (disp),
+         QLength (disp));
+      /* assert (!_Xdebug); */
+    }
+  else
+    {
+      warn_when_safe
+	(Qx, Qcritical,
+	 "I/O Error %d (%s) on display connection\n"
+	 "  \"%s\" after after %lu requests (%lu known processed)\n"
+	 "  with %d events remaining.\n"
+	 "  Throwing to top level.\n",
+	 errno, strerror (errno), DisplayString (disp),
+         NextRequest (disp) - 1, LastKnownRequestProcessed (disp),
+         QLength (disp));
+    }
+
+  /* According to X specs, we should not return from this function, or
+     Xlib might just decide to exit().  So we mark the offending
+     console for deletion and throw to top level.  */
+  if (d)
+    enqueue_magic_eval_event (io_error_delete_device, dev);
+  DEVICE_X_BEING_DELETED (d) = 1;
+  Fthrow (Qtop_level, Qnil);
+
+  return 0; /* not reached */
+}
+
+DEFUN ("x-debug-mode", Fx_debug_mode, 1, 2, 0, /*
+With a true arg, make the connection to the X server synchronous.
+With false, make it asynchronous.  Synchronous connections are much slower,
+but are useful for debugging. (If you get X errors, make the connection
+synchronous, and use a debugger to set a breakpoint on `x_error_handler'.
+Your backtrace of the C stack will now be useful.  In asynchronous mode,
+the stack above `x_error_handler' isn't helpful because of buffering.)
+If DEVICE is not specified, the selected device is assumed.
+
+Calling this function is the same as calling the C function `XSynchronize',
+or starting the program with the `-sync' command line argument.
+*/
+       (arg, device))
+{
+  struct device *d = decode_x_device (device);
+
+  XSynchronize (DEVICE_X_DISPLAY (d), !NILP (arg));
+
+  if (!NILP (arg))
+    message ("X connection is synchronous");
+  else
+    message ("X connection is asynchronous");
+
+  return arg;
+}
+
+
+/************************************************************************/
+/*                             X resources                              */
+/************************************************************************/
+
+#if 0 /* bah humbug.  The whole "widget == resource" stuff is such
+	 a crock of shit that I'm just going to ignore it all. */
+
+/* If widget is NULL, we are retrieving device or global face data. */
+
+static void
+construct_name_list (Display *display, Widget widget, char *fake_name,
+		     char *fake_class, char *name, char *class)
+{
+  char *stack [100][2];
+  Widget this;
+  int count = 0;
+  char *name_tail, *class_tail;
+
+  if (widget)
+    {
+      for (this = widget; this; this = XtParent (this))
+	{
+	  stack [count][0] = this->core.name;
+	  stack [count][1] = XtClass (this)->core_class.class_name;
+	  count++;
+	}
+      count--;
+    }
+  else if (fake_name && fake_class)
+    {
+      stack [count][0] = fake_name;
+      stack [count][1] = fake_class;
+      count++;
+    }
+
+  /* The root widget is an application shell; resource lookups use the
+     specified application name and application class in preference to
+     the name/class of that widget (which is argv[0] / "ApplicationShell").
+     Generally the app name and class will be argv[0] / "Emacs" but
+     the former can be set via the -name command-line option, and the
+     latter can be set by changing `x-emacs-application-class' in
+     lisp/term/x-win.el.
+   */
+  XtGetApplicationNameAndClass (display,
+				&stack [count][0],
+				&stack [count][1]);
+
+  name [0] = 0;
+  class [0] = 0;
+
+  name_tail  = name;
+  class_tail = class;
+  for (; count >= 0; count--)
+    {
+      strcat (name_tail,  stack [count][0]);
+      for (; *name_tail; name_tail++)
+	if (*name_tail == '.') *name_tail = '_';
+      strcat (name_tail, ".");
+      name_tail++;
+
+      strcat (class_tail, stack [count][1]);
+      for (; *class_tail; class_tail++)
+	if (*class_tail == '.') *class_tail = '_';
+      strcat (class_tail, ".");
+      class_tail++;
+    }
+}
+
+#endif /* 0 */
+
+static char_dynarr *name_char_dynarr;
+static char_dynarr *class_char_dynarr;
+
+/* Given a locale and device specification from x-get-resource or
+x-get-resource-prefix, return the resource prefix and display to
+fetch the resource on. */
+
+static void
+x_get_resource_prefix (Lisp_Object locale, Lisp_Object device,
+		       Display **display_out, char_dynarr *name,
+		       char_dynarr *class)
+{
+  if (NILP (locale))
+    locale = Qglobal;
+  if (NILP (Fvalid_specifier_locale_p (locale)))
+    signal_simple_error ("Invalid locale", locale);
+  if (WINDOWP (locale))
+    /* #### I can't come up with any coherent way of naming windows.
+       By relative position?  That seems tricky because windows
+       can change position, be split, etc.  By order of creation?
+       That seems less than useful. */
+    signal_simple_error ("Windows currently can't be resourced", locale);
+
+  if (!NILP (device) && !DEVICEP (device))
+    CHECK_DEVICE (device);
+  if (DEVICEP (device) && !DEVICE_X_P (XDEVICE (device)))
+    device = Qnil;
+  if (NILP (device))
+    {
+      device = DFW_DEVICE (locale);
+      if (DEVICEP (device) && !DEVICE_X_P (XDEVICE (device)))
+	device = Qnil;
+      if (NILP (device))
+	device = Vdefault_x_device;
+      if (NILP (device))
+	{
+	  *display_out = 0;
+	  return;
+	}
+    }
+
+  *display_out = DEVICE_X_DISPLAY (XDEVICE (device));
+
+  {
+    char *appname, *appclass;
+    int name_len, class_len;
+    XtGetApplicationNameAndClass (*display_out, &appname, &appclass);
+    name_len  = strlen (appname);
+    class_len = strlen (appclass);
+    Dynarr_add_many (name , appname,  name_len);
+    Dynarr_add_many (class, appclass, class_len);
+    validify_resource_component (Dynarr_atp (name,  0), name_len);
+    validify_resource_component (Dynarr_atp (class, 0), class_len);
+  }
+
+  if (EQ (locale, Qglobal))
+    return;
+  if (BUFFERP (locale))
+    {
+      Dynarr_add_literal_string (name, ".buffer.");
+      /* we know buffer is live; otherwise we got an error above. */
+      Dynarr_add_validified_lisp_string (name, Fbuffer_name (locale));
+      Dynarr_add_literal_string (class, ".EmacsLocaleType.EmacsBuffer");
+    }
+  else if (FRAMEP (locale))
+    {
+      Dynarr_add_literal_string (name, ".frame.");
+      /* we know frame is live; otherwise we got an error above. */
+      Dynarr_add_validified_lisp_string (name, Fframe_name (locale));
+      Dynarr_add_literal_string (class, ".EmacsLocaleType.EmacsFrame");
+    }
+  else
+    {
+      assert (DEVICEP (locale));
+      Dynarr_add_literal_string (name, ".device.");
+      /* we know device is live; otherwise we got an error above. */
+      Dynarr_add_validified_lisp_string (name, Fdevice_name (locale));
+      Dynarr_add_literal_string (class, ".EmacsLocaleType.EmacsDevice");
+    }
+  return;
+}
+
+DEFUN ("x-get-resource", Fx_get_resource, 3, 6, 0, /*
+Retrieve an X resource from the resource manager.
+
+The first arg is the name of the resource to retrieve, such as "font".
+The second arg is the class of the resource to retrieve, such as "Font".
+The third arg must be one of the symbols 'string, 'integer, 'natnum, or
+  'boolean, specifying the type of object that the database is searched for.
+The fourth arg is the locale to search for the resources on, and can
+  currently be a buffer, a frame, a device, or 'global.  If omitted, it
+  defaults to 'global.
+The fifth arg is the device to search for the resources on. (The resource
+  database for a particular device is constructed by combining non-device-
+  specific resources such as any command-line resources specified and any
+  app-defaults files found [or the fallback resources supplied by XEmacs,
+  if no app-defaults file is found] with device-specific resources such as
+  those supplied using xrdb.) If omitted, it defaults to the device of
+  LOCALE, if a device can be derived (i.e. if LOCALE is a frame or device),
+  and otherwise defaults to the value of `default-x-device'.
+The sixth arg NOERROR, if non-nil, means do not signal an error if a
+  bogus resource specification was retrieved (e.g. if a non-integer was
+  given when an integer was requested).  In this case, a warning is issued
+  instead.
+
+The resource names passed to this function are looked up relative to the
+locale.
+
+If you want to search for a subresource, you just need to specify the
+resource levels in NAME and CLASS.  For example, NAME could be
+"modeline.attributeFont", and CLASS "Face.AttributeFont".
+
+Specifically,
+
+1) If LOCALE is a buffer, a call
+
+    (x-get-resource "foreground" "Foreground" 'string SOME-BUFFER)
+
+is an interface to a C call something like
+
+    XrmGetResource (db, "xemacs.buffer.BUFFER-NAME.foreground",
+			"Emacs.EmacsLocaleType.EmacsBuffer.Foreground",
+			"String");
+
+2) If LOCALE is a frame, a call
+
+    (x-get-resource "foreground" "Foreground" 'string SOME-FRAME)
+
+is an interface to a C call something like
+
+    XrmGetResource (db, "xemacs.frame.FRAME-NAME.foreground",
+			"Emacs.EmacsLocaleType.EmacsFrame.Foreground",
+			"String");
+
+3) If LOCALE is a device, a call
+
+    (x-get-resource "foreground" "Foreground" 'string SOME-DEVICE)
+
+is an interface to a C call something like
+
+    XrmGetResource (db, "xemacs.device.DEVICE-NAME.foreground",
+			"Emacs.EmacsLocaleType.EmacsDevice.Foreground",
+			"String");
+
+4) If LOCALE is 'global, a call
+
+    (x-get-resource "foreground" "Foreground" 'string 'global)
+
+is an interface to a C call something like
+
+    XrmGetResource (db, "xemacs.foreground",
+			"Emacs.Foreground",
+			"String");
+
+Note that for 'global, no prefix is added other than that of the
+application itself; thus, you can use this locale to retrieve
+arbitrary application resources, if you really want to.
+
+The returned value of this function is nil if the queried resource is not
+found.  If the third arg is `string', a string is returned, and if it is
+`integer', an integer is returned.  If the third arg is `boolean', then the
+returned value is the list (t) for true, (nil) for false, and is nil to
+mean ``unspecified.''
+*/
+       (name, class, type, locale, device, no_error))
+{
+  char* name_string, *class_string;
+  char *raw_result;
+  XrmDatabase db;
+  Display *display;
+  Error_behavior errb = decode_error_behavior_flag (no_error);
+
+  CHECK_STRING (name);
+  CHECK_STRING (class);
+  CHECK_SYMBOL (type);
+
+  Dynarr_reset (name_char_dynarr);
+  Dynarr_reset (class_char_dynarr);
+
+  x_get_resource_prefix (locale, device, &display,
+			 name_char_dynarr, class_char_dynarr);
+  if (!display)
+    return Qnil;
+
+  db = XtDatabase (display);
+
+  Dynarr_add (name_char_dynarr, '.');
+  Dynarr_add_lisp_string (name_char_dynarr, name);
+  Dynarr_add (class_char_dynarr, '.');
+  Dynarr_add_lisp_string (class_char_dynarr, class);
+  Dynarr_add (name_char_dynarr,  '\0');
+  Dynarr_add (class_char_dynarr, '\0');
+
+  name_string  = Dynarr_atp (name_char_dynarr,  0);
+  class_string = Dynarr_atp (class_char_dynarr, 0);
+
+  {
+    XrmValue xrm_value;
+    XrmName namelist[100];
+    XrmClass classlist[100];
+    XrmName *namerest = namelist;
+    XrmClass *classrest = classlist;
+    XrmRepresentation xrm_type;
+    XrmRepresentation string_quark;
+    int result;
+    XrmStringToNameList (name_string, namelist);
+    XrmStringToClassList (class_string, classlist);
+    string_quark = XrmStringToQuark ("String");
+
+    /* ensure that they have the same length */
+    while (namerest[0] && classrest[0])
+      namerest++, classrest++;
+    if (namerest[0] || classrest[0])
+      signal_simple_error_2
+	("class list and name list must be the same length", name, class);
+    result = XrmQGetResource (db, namelist, classlist, &xrm_type, &xrm_value);
+
+    if (result != True || xrm_type != string_quark)
+      return Qnil;
+    raw_result = (char *) xrm_value.addr;
+  }
+
+  if (EQ (type, Qstring))
+    return build_string (raw_result);
+  else if (EQ (type, Qboolean))
+    {
+      if (!strcasecmp (raw_result, "off")   ||
+	  !strcasecmp (raw_result, "false") ||
+	  !strcasecmp (raw_result, "no"))
+	return Fcons (Qnil, Qnil);
+      if (!strcasecmp (raw_result, "on")   ||
+	  !strcasecmp (raw_result, "true") ||
+	  !strcasecmp (raw_result, "yes"))
+	return Fcons (Qt, Qnil);
+      return maybe_continuable_error
+	(Qresource, errb,
+	 "can't convert %s: %s to a Boolean", name_string, raw_result);
+    }
+  else if (EQ (type, Qinteger) || EQ (type, Qnatnum))
+    {
+      int i;
+      char c;
+      if (1 != sscanf (raw_result, "%d%c", &i, &c))
+	return maybe_continuable_error
+	  (Qresource, errb,
+	   "can't convert %s: %s to an integer", name_string, raw_result);
+      else if (EQ (type, Qnatnum) && i < 0)
+	return maybe_continuable_error
+	  (Qresource, errb,
+	   "invalid numerical value %d for resource %s", i, name_string);
+      else
+	return make_int (i);
+    }
+  else
+    {
+      return maybe_signal_continuable_error
+	(Qwrong_type_argument,
+	 list2 (build_translated_string
+		("should be string, integer, natnum or boolean"),
+		type),
+	 Qresource, errb);
+    }
+}
+
+DEFUN ("x-get-resource-prefix", Fx_get_resource_prefix, 1, 2, 0, /*
+Return the resource prefix for LOCALE on DEVICE.
+The resource prefix is the strings used to prefix resources if
+the LOCALE and DEVICE arguments were passed to `x-get-resource'.
+The returned value is a cons of a name prefix and a class prefix.
+For example, if LOCALE is a frame, the returned value might be
+\("xemacs.frame.FRAME-NAME" . "Emacs.EmacsLocaleType.EmacsFrame").
+If no valid X device for resourcing can be obtained, this function
+returns nil. (In such a case, `x-get-resource' would always return nil.)
+*/
+       (locale, device))
+{
+  Display *display;
+
+  Dynarr_reset (name_char_dynarr );
+  Dynarr_reset (class_char_dynarr);
+
+  x_get_resource_prefix (locale, device, &display,
+			 name_char_dynarr, class_char_dynarr);
+  if (!display)
+    return Qnil;
+
+  return Fcons (make_string ((Bufbyte *) Dynarr_atp (name_char_dynarr, 0),
+			     Dynarr_length (name_char_dynarr)),
+		make_string ((Bufbyte *) Dynarr_atp (class_char_dynarr, 0),
+			     Dynarr_length (class_char_dynarr)));
+}
+
+DEFUN ("x-put-resource", Fx_put_resource, 1, 2, 0, /*
+Add a resource to the resource database for DEVICE.
+RESOURCE-LINE specifies the resource to add and should be a
+standard resource specification.
+*/
+       (resource_line, device))
+{
+  struct device *d = decode_device (device);
+  char *str, *colon_pos;
+
+  CHECK_STRING (resource_line);
+  str = (char *) XSTRING_DATA (resource_line);
+  if (!(colon_pos = strchr (str, ':')) || strchr (str, '\n'))
+  invalid:
+    signal_simple_error ("Invalid resource line", resource_line);
+  if (strspn (str,
+	      /* Only the following chars are allowed before the colon */
+	      " \t.*?abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz"
+	      "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ0123456789_-")
+      != (size_t) (colon_pos - str))
+    goto invalid;
+
+  if (DEVICE_X_P (d))
+    {
+      XrmDatabase db = XtDatabase (DEVICE_X_DISPLAY (d));
+      XrmPutLineResource (&db, str);
+    }
+
+  return Qnil;
+}
+
+
+/************************************************************************/
+/*                   display information functions                      */
+/************************************************************************/
+
+DEFUN ("default-x-device", Fdefault_x_device, 0, 0, 0, /*
+Return the default X device for resourcing.
+This is the first-created X device that still exists.
+*/
+       ())
+{
+  return Vdefault_x_device;
+}
+
+DEFUN ("x-display-visual-class", Fx_display_visual_class, 0, 1, 0, /*
+Return the visual class of the X display DEVICE is using.
+This can be altered from the default at startup using the XResource "EmacsVisual".
+The returned value will be one of the symbols `static-gray', `gray-scale',
+`static-color', `pseudo-color', `true-color', or `direct-color'.
+*/
+       (device))
+{
+  Visual *vis = DEVICE_X_VISUAL (decode_x_device (device));
+  switch (vis->class)
+    {
+    case StaticGray:  return intern ("static-gray");
+    case GrayScale:   return intern ("gray-scale");
+    case StaticColor: return intern ("static-color");
+    case PseudoColor: return intern ("pseudo-color");
+    case TrueColor:   return intern ("true-color");
+    case DirectColor: return intern ("direct-color");
+    default:
+      error ("display has an unknown visual class");
+      return Qnil;	/* suppress compiler warning */
+    }
+}
+
+DEFUN ("x-display-visual-depth", Fx_display_visual_depth, 0, 1, 0, /*
+Return the bitplane depth of the visual the X display DEVICE is using.
+*/
+       (device))
+{
+   return make_int (DEVICE_X_DEPTH (decode_x_device (device)));
+}
+
+static Lisp_Object
+x_device_system_metrics (struct device *d,
+			 enum device_metrics m)
+{
+  Display *dpy = DEVICE_X_DISPLAY (d);
+
+  switch (m)
+    {
+    case DM_size_device:
+      return Fcons (make_int (DisplayWidth (dpy, DefaultScreen (dpy))),
+		    make_int (DisplayHeight (dpy, DefaultScreen (dpy))));
+    case DM_size_device_mm:
+      return Fcons (make_int (DisplayWidthMM (dpy, DefaultScreen (dpy))),
+		    make_int (DisplayHeightMM (dpy, DefaultScreen (dpy))));
+    case DM_num_bit_planes:
+      return make_int (DisplayPlanes (dpy, DefaultScreen (dpy)));
+    case DM_num_color_cells:
+      return make_int (DisplayCells (dpy, DefaultScreen (dpy)));
+    default: /* No such device metric property for X devices  */
+      return Qunbound;
+    }
+}
+
+DEFUN ("x-server-vendor", Fx_server_vendor, 0, 1, 0, /*
+Return the vendor ID string of the X server DEVICE is on.
+Return the empty string if the vendor ID string cannot be determined.
+*/
+       (device))
+{
+  Display *dpy = get_x_display (device);
+  char *vendor = ServerVendor (dpy);
+
+  return build_string (vendor ? vendor : "");
+}
+
+DEFUN ("x-server-version", Fx_server_version, 0, 1, 0, /*
+Return the version numbers of the X server DEVICE is on.
+The returned value is a list of three integers: the major and minor
+version numbers of the X Protocol in use, and the vendor-specific release
+number.  See also `x-server-vendor'.
+*/
+       (device))
+{
+  Display *dpy = get_x_display (device);
+
+  return list3 (make_int (ProtocolVersion  (dpy)),
+		make_int (ProtocolRevision (dpy)),
+		make_int (VendorRelease    (dpy)));
+}
+
+DEFUN ("x-valid-keysym-name-p", Fx_valid_keysym_name_p, 1, 1, 0, /*
+Return true if KEYSYM names a keysym that the X library knows about.
+Valid keysyms are listed in the files /usr/include/X11/keysymdef.h and in
+/usr/lib/X11/XKeysymDB, or whatever the equivalents are on your system.
+*/
+       (keysym))
+{
+  CONST char *keysym_ext;
+
+  CHECK_STRING (keysym);
+  GET_C_STRING_CTEXT_DATA_ALLOCA (keysym, keysym_ext);
+
+  return XStringToKeysym (keysym_ext) ? Qt : Qnil;
+}
+
+DEFUN ("x-keysym-hash-table", Fx_keysym_hash_table, 0, 1, 0, /*
+Return a hash table which contains a hash key for all keysyms which
+name keys on the keyboard.  See `x-keysym-on-keyboard-p'.
+*/
+       (device))
+{
+  struct device *d = decode_device (device);
+  if (!DEVICE_X_P (d))
+    signal_simple_error ("Not an X device", device);
+
+  return DEVICE_X_DATA (d)->x_keysym_map_hash_table;
+}
+
+DEFUN ("x-keysym-on-keyboard-sans-modifiers-p", Fx_keysym_on_keyboard_sans_modifiers_p,
+       1, 2, 0, /*
+Return true if KEYSYM names a key on the keyboard of DEVICE.
+More precisely, return true if pressing a physical key
+on the keyboard of DEVICE without any modifier keys generates KEYSYM.
+Valid keysyms are listed in the files /usr/include/X11/keysymdef.h and in
+/usr/lib/X11/XKeysymDB, or whatever the equivalents are on your system.
+The keysym name can be provided in two forms:
+- if keysym is a string, it must be the name as known to X windows.
+- if keysym is a symbol, it must be the name as known to XEmacs.
+The two names differ in capitalization and underscoring.
+*/
+       (keysym, device))
+{
+  struct device *d = decode_device (device);
+  if (!DEVICE_X_P (d))
+    signal_simple_error ("Not an X device", device);
+
+  return (EQ (Qsans_modifiers,
+	      Fgethash (keysym, DEVICE_X_KEYSYM_MAP_HASH_TABLE (d), Qnil)) ?
+	  Qt : Qnil);
+}
+
+
+DEFUN ("x-keysym-on-keyboard-p", Fx_keysym_on_keyboard_p, 1, 2, 0, /*
+Return true if KEYSYM names a key on the keyboard of DEVICE.
+More precisely, return true if some keystroke (possibly including modifiers)
+on the keyboard of DEVICE keys generates KEYSYM.
+Valid keysyms are listed in the files /usr/include/X11/keysymdef.h and in
+/usr/lib/X11/XKeysymDB, or whatever the equivalents are on your system.
+The keysym name can be provided in two forms:
+- if keysym is a string, it must be the name as known to X windows.
+- if keysym is a symbol, it must be the name as known to XEmacs.
+The two names differ in capitalization and underscoring.
+*/
+       (keysym, device))
+{
+  struct device *d = decode_device (device);
+  if (!DEVICE_X_P (d))
+    signal_simple_error ("Not an X device", device);
+
+  return (NILP (Fgethash (keysym, DEVICE_X_KEYSYM_MAP_HASH_TABLE (d), Qnil)) ?
+	  Qnil : Qt);
+}
+
+
+/************************************************************************/
+/*                          grabs and ungrabs                           */
+/************************************************************************/
+
+DEFUN ("x-grab-pointer", Fx_grab_pointer, 0, 3, 0, /*
+Grab the pointer and restrict it to its current window.
+If optional DEVICE argument is nil, the default device will be used.
+If optional CURSOR argument is non-nil, change the pointer shape to that
+ until `x-ungrab-pointer' is called (it should be an object returned by the
+ `make-cursor-glyph' function).
+If the second optional argument IGNORE-KEYBOARD is non-nil, ignore all
+  keyboard events during the grab.
+Returns t if the grab is successful, nil otherwise.
+*/
+       (device, cursor, ignore_keyboard))
+{
+  Window w;
+  int pointer_mode, result;
+  struct device *d = decode_x_device (device);
+
+  if (!NILP (cursor))
+    {
+      CHECK_POINTER_GLYPH (cursor);
+      cursor = glyph_image_instance (cursor, device, ERROR_ME, 0);
+    }
+
+  if (!NILP (ignore_keyboard))
+    pointer_mode = GrabModeSync;
+  else
+    pointer_mode = GrabModeAsync;
+
+  w = XtWindow (FRAME_X_TEXT_WIDGET (device_selected_frame (d)));
+
+  /* #### Possibly this needs to gcpro the cursor somehow, but it doesn't
+     seem to cause a problem if XFreeCursor is called on a cursor in use
+     in a grab; I suppose the X server counts the grab as a reference
+     and doesn't free it until it exits? */
+  result = XGrabPointer (DEVICE_X_DISPLAY (d), w,
+			 False,
+			 ButtonMotionMask  |
+			 ButtonPressMask   |
+			 ButtonReleaseMask |
+			 PointerMotionHintMask,
+			 GrabModeAsync,	      /* Keep pointer events flowing */
+			 pointer_mode,	      /* Stall keyboard events */
+			 w,		      /* Stay in this window */
+			 (NILP (cursor) ? 0
+			  : XIMAGE_INSTANCE_X_CURSOR (cursor)),
+			 CurrentTime);
+  return (result == GrabSuccess) ? Qt : Qnil;
+}
+
+DEFUN ("x-ungrab-pointer", Fx_ungrab_pointer, 0, 1, 0, /*
+Release a pointer grab made with `x-grab-pointer'.
+If optional first arg DEVICE is nil the default device is used.
+If it is t the pointer will be released on all X devices.
+*/
+       (device))
+{
+  if (!EQ (device, Qt))
+    {
+      Display *dpy = get_x_display (device);
+      XUngrabPointer (dpy, CurrentTime);
+    }
+  else
+    {
+      Lisp_Object devcons, concons;
+
+      DEVICE_LOOP_NO_BREAK (devcons, concons)
+	{
+	  struct device *d = XDEVICE (XCAR (devcons));
+
+	  if (DEVICE_X_P (d))
+	    XUngrabPointer (DEVICE_X_DISPLAY (d), CurrentTime);
+	}
+    }
+
+  return Qnil;
+}
+
+DEFUN ("x-grab-keyboard", Fx_grab_keyboard, 0, 1, 0, /*
+Grab the keyboard on the given device (defaulting to the selected one).
+So long as the keyboard is grabbed, all keyboard events will be delivered
+to emacs -- it is not possible for other X clients to eavesdrop on them.
+Ungrab the keyboard with `x-ungrab-keyboard' (use an unwind-protect).
+Returns t if the grab is successful, nil otherwise.
+*/
+       (device))
+{
+  struct device *d = decode_x_device (device);
+  Window w = XtWindow (FRAME_X_TEXT_WIDGET (device_selected_frame (d)));
+  Display *dpy = DEVICE_X_DISPLAY (d);
+  Status status;
+  XSync (dpy, False);
+  status = XGrabKeyboard (dpy, w, True,
+			  /* I don't really understand sync-vs-async
+			     grabs, but this is what xterm does. */
+			  GrabModeAsync, GrabModeAsync,
+			  /* Use the timestamp of the last user action
+			     read by emacs proper; xterm uses CurrentTime
+			     but there's a comment that says "wrong"...
+			     (Despite the name this is the time of the
+			     last key or mouse event.) */
+			  DEVICE_X_MOUSE_TIMESTAMP (d));
+  if (status == GrabSuccess)
+    {
+      /* The XUngrabKeyboard should generate a FocusIn back to this
+         window but it doesn't unless we explicitly set focus to the
+         window first (which should already have it.  The net result
+         is that without this call when x-ungrab-keyboard is called
+         the selected frame ends up not having focus. */
+      XSetInputFocus (dpy, w, RevertToParent, DEVICE_X_MOUSE_TIMESTAMP (d));
+      return Qt;
+    }
+  else
+    return Qnil;
+}
+
+DEFUN ("x-ungrab-keyboard", Fx_ungrab_keyboard, 0, 1, 0, /*
+Release a keyboard grab made with `x-grab-keyboard'.
+*/
+       (device))
+{
+  Display *dpy = get_x_display (device);
+  XUngrabKeyboard (dpy, CurrentTime);
+  return Qnil;
+}
+
+DEFUN ("x-get-font-path", Fx_get_font_path, 0, 1, 0, /*
+Get the X Server's font path.
+
+See also `x-set-font-path'.
+*/
+       (device))
+{
+  Display *dpy = get_x_display (device);
+  int ndirs_return;
+  CONST char **directories = (CONST char **) XGetFontPath (dpy, &ndirs_return);
+  Lisp_Object font_path = Qnil;
+
+  if (!directories)
+    signal_simple_error ("Can't get X font path", device);
+
+  while (ndirs_return--)
+      font_path = Fcons (build_ext_string (directories[ndirs_return],
+                                           FORMAT_FILENAME), font_path);
+
+  return font_path;
+}
+
+DEFUN ("x-set-font-path", Fx_set_font_path, 1, 2, 0, /*
+Set the X Server's font path to FONT-PATH.
+
+There is only one font path per server, not one per client.  Use this
+sparingly.  It uncaches all of the X server's font information.
+
+Font directories should end in the path separator and should contain
+a file called fonts.dir usually created with the program mkfontdir.
+
+Setting the FONT-PATH to nil tells the X server to use the default
+font path.
+
+See also `x-get-font-path'.
+*/
+       (font_path, device))
+{
+  Display *dpy = get_x_display (device);
+  Lisp_Object path_entry;
+  CONST char **directories;
+  int i=0,ndirs=0;
+
+  EXTERNAL_LIST_LOOP (path_entry, font_path)
+    {
+      CHECK_STRING (XCAR (path_entry));
+      ndirs++;
+    }
+
+  directories = alloca_array (CONST char *, ndirs);
+
+  EXTERNAL_LIST_LOOP (path_entry, font_path)
+    {
+      GET_C_STRING_FILENAME_DATA_ALLOCA (XCAR (path_entry), directories[i++]);
+    }
+
+  expect_x_error (dpy);
+  XSetFontPath (dpy, (char **) directories, ndirs);
+  signal_if_x_error (dpy, 1/*resumable_p*/);
+
+  return Qnil;
+}
+
+
+/************************************************************************/
+/*                            initialization                            */
+/************************************************************************/
+
+void
+syms_of_device_x (void)
+{
+  DEFSUBR (Fx_debug_mode);
+  DEFSUBR (Fx_get_resource);
+  DEFSUBR (Fx_get_resource_prefix);
+  DEFSUBR (Fx_put_resource);
+
+  DEFSUBR (Fdefault_x_device);
+  DEFSUBR (Fx_display_visual_class);
+  DEFSUBR (Fx_display_visual_depth);
+  DEFSUBR (Fx_server_vendor);
+  DEFSUBR (Fx_server_version);
+  DEFSUBR (Fx_valid_keysym_name_p);
+  DEFSUBR (Fx_keysym_hash_table);
+  DEFSUBR (Fx_keysym_on_keyboard_p);
+  DEFSUBR (Fx_keysym_on_keyboard_sans_modifiers_p);
+
+  DEFSUBR (Fx_grab_pointer);
+  DEFSUBR (Fx_ungrab_pointer);
+  DEFSUBR (Fx_grab_keyboard);
+  DEFSUBR (Fx_ungrab_keyboard);
+
+  DEFSUBR (Fx_get_font_path);
+  DEFSUBR (Fx_set_font_path);
+
+  defsymbol (&Qx_error, "x-error");
+  defsymbol (&Qinit_pre_x_win, "init-pre-x-win");
+  defsymbol (&Qinit_post_x_win, "init-post-x-win");
+}
+
+void
+reinit_console_type_create_device_x (void)
+{
+  /* Initialize variables to speed up X resource interactions */
+  CONST char *valid_resource_chars =
+    "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789-_";
+  while (*valid_resource_chars)
+    valid_resource_char_p[(unsigned int) (*valid_resource_chars++)] = 1;
+
+  name_char_dynarr  = Dynarr_new (char);
+  class_char_dynarr = Dynarr_new (char);
+}
+
+void
+console_type_create_device_x (void)
+{
+  reinit_console_type_create_device_x ();
+  CONSOLE_HAS_METHOD (x, init_device);
+  CONSOLE_HAS_METHOD (x, finish_init_device);
+  CONSOLE_HAS_METHOD (x, mark_device);
+  CONSOLE_HAS_METHOD (x, delete_device);
+  CONSOLE_HAS_METHOD (x, device_system_metrics);
+}
+
+void
+reinit_vars_of_device_x (void)
+{
+  error_expected = 0;
+  error_occurred = 0;
+
+  in_resource_setting = 0;
+}
+
+void
+vars_of_device_x (void)
+{
+  reinit_vars_of_device_x ();
+
+  DEFVAR_LISP ("x-emacs-application-class", &Vx_emacs_application_class /*
+The X application class of the XEmacs process.
+This controls, among other things, the name of the `app-defaults' file
+that XEmacs will use.  For changes to this variable to take effect, they
+must be made before the connection to the X server is initialized, that is,
+this variable may only be changed before emacs is dumped, or by setting it
+in the file lisp/term/x-win.el.
+
+If this variable is nil before the connection to the X server is first
+initialized (which it is by default), the X resource database will be
+consulted and the value will be set according to whether any resources
+are found for the application class `XEmacs'.  If the user has set any
+resources for the XEmacs application class, the XEmacs process will use
+the application class `XEmacs'.  Otherwise, the XEmacs process will use
+the application class `Emacs' which is backwards compatible to previous
+XEmacs versions but may conflict with resources intended for GNU Emacs.
+*/ );
+  Vx_emacs_application_class = Qnil;
+
+  DEFVAR_LISP ("x-initial-argv-list", &Vx_initial_argv_list /*
+You don't want to know.
+This is used during startup to communicate the remaining arguments in
+`command-line-args-left' to the C code, which passes the args to
+the X initialization code, which removes some args, and then the
+args are placed back into `x-initial-arg-list' and thence into
+`command-line-args-left'.  Perhaps `command-line-args-left' should
+just reside in C.
+*/ );
+  Vx_initial_argv_list = Qnil;
+
+#if defined(MULE) && (defined(LWLIB_MENUBARS_MOTIF) || defined(HAVE_XIM) || defined (USE_XFONTSET))
+  DEFVAR_LISP ("x-app-defaults-directory", &Vx_app_defaults_directory /*
+Used by the Lisp code to communicate to the low level X initialization
+where the localized init files are.
+*/ );
+  Vx_app_defaults_directory = Qnil;
+#endif
+
+  Fprovide (Qx);
+
+  staticpro (&Vdefault_x_device);
+  Vdefault_x_device = Qnil;
+}