--- /dev/null	Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000
+++ b/src/sysdep.c	Mon Aug 13 08:45:50 2007 +0200
@@ -0,0 +1,5377 @@
+/* Interfaces to system-dependent kernel and library entries.
+   Copyright (C) 1985-1988, 1992-1995 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+   Copyright (C) 1995 Tinker Systems.
+
+This file is part of XEmacs.
+
+XEmacs is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the
+Free Software Foundation; either version 2, or (at your option) any
+later version.
+
+XEmacs is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
+ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
+FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
+for more details.
+
+You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+along with XEmacs; see the file COPYING.  If not, write to
+the Free Software Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330,
+Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA.  */
+
+/* Synched up with: FSF 19.30 except for some Windows-NT crap. */
+
+/* Substantially cleaned up by Ben Wing, Dec. 1994 / Jan. 1995. */
+
+/* In this file, open, read and write refer to the system calls,
+   not our sugared interfaces sys_open, sys_read and sys_write.
+ */
+
+#define DONT_ENCAPSULATE
+
+#include <config.h>
+#include "lisp.h"
+
+/* ------------------------------- */
+/*          basic includes         */
+/* ------------------------------- */
+
+#ifdef HAVE_TTY
+#include "console-tty.h"
+#endif /* HAVE_TTY */
+
+#include "console-stream.h"
+
+#include "buffer.h"
+#include "events.h"
+#include "frame.h"
+#include "redisplay.h"
+#include "process.h"
+#include "sysdep.h"
+#include "window.h"
+
+#include <setjmp.h>
+#include "sysfile.h"
+#include "syswait.h"
+#include "sysdir.h"
+#include "systime.h"
+#include <sys/times.h>
+
+/* ------------------------------- */
+/*           VMS includes          */
+/* ------------------------------- */
+
+#ifdef VMS
+#include <ttdef.h>
+#include <tt2def.h>
+#include <iodef.h>
+#include <ssdef.h>
+#include <descrip.h>
+#include <fibdef.h>
+#include <atrdef.h>
+#undef F_SETFL
+#ifndef RAB/*$C_BID   -- suppress compiler warnings */
+#include <rab.h>
+#endif
+#define	MAXIOSIZE (32 * PAGESIZE)	/* Don't I/O more than 32 blocks at a time */
+#endif /* VMS */
+
+/* ------------------------------- */
+/*         TTY definitions         */
+/* ------------------------------- */
+
+#ifdef USG
+#include <sys/utsname.h>
+#if defined (TIOCGWINSZ) || defined (ISC4_0)
+#ifdef NEED_SIOCTL
+#include <sys/sioctl.h>
+#endif
+#ifdef NEED_PTEM_H
+#include <sys/stream.h>
+#include <sys/ptem.h>
+#endif
+#endif /* TIOCGWINSZ or ISC4_0 */
+#endif /* USG */
+
+#ifdef HAVE_SYS_STROPTS_H
+#include <sys/stropts.h> 
+#endif /* HAVE_SYS_STROPTS_H */
+
+/* LPASS8 is new in 4.3, and makes cbreak mode provide all 8 bits.  */
+#ifndef LPASS8
+#define LPASS8 0
+#endif
+
+#ifndef HAVE_H_ERRNO
+int h_errno;
+#endif
+
+#ifdef HAVE_TTY
+
+static int baud_convert[] =
+#ifdef BAUD_CONVERT
+  BAUD_CONVERT;
+#else
+  {
+    0, 50, 75, 110, 135, 150, 200, 300, 600, 1200,
+    1800, 2400, 4800, 9600, 19200, 38400
+  };
+#endif
+
+#endif
+
+#ifdef AIXHFT
+static void hft_init (struct console *c);
+static void hft_reset (struct console *c);
+#endif
+
+/* ------------------------------- */
+/*          miscellaneous          */
+/* ------------------------------- */
+
+#ifndef HAVE_UTIMES
+#ifndef HAVE_STRUCT_UTIMBUF
+/* We want to use utime rather than utimes, but we couldn't find the
+   structure declaration.  We'll use the traditional one.  */
+struct utimbuf
+{
+  long actime;
+  long modtime;
+};
+#endif
+#endif
+
+
+/************************************************************************/
+/*                         subprocess control                           */
+/************************************************************************/
+
+#ifdef HAVE_TTY
+
+#ifdef SIGTSTP
+
+/* Arrange for character C to be read as the next input from
+   the terminal.  */
+void
+stuff_char (struct console *con, int c)
+{
+  int input_fd;
+
+  assert (CONSOLE_TTY_P (con));
+  input_fd = CONSOLE_TTY_DATA (con)->infd;
+/* Should perhaps error if in batch mode */
+#ifdef TIOCSTI
+  ioctl (input_fd, TIOCSTI, &c);
+#else /* no TIOCSTI */
+  error ("Cannot stuff terminal input characters in this version of Unix.");
+#endif /* no TIOCSTI */
+}
+
+#endif /* SIGTSTP */
+
+#endif /* HAVE_TTY */
+
+void
+set_exclusive_use (int fd)
+{
+#ifdef FIOCLEX
+  ioctl (fd, FIOCLEX, 0);
+#endif
+  /* Ok to do nothing if this feature does not exist */
+}
+
+void
+set_descriptor_non_blocking (int fd)
+{
+/* Stride people say it's a mystery why this is needed
+   as well as the O_NDELAY, but that it fails without this.  */
+  /* For AIX: Apparently need this for non-blocking reads on sockets.
+     It seems that O_NONBLOCK applies only to FIFOs?  From
+     lowry@watson.ibm.com (Andy Lowry). */
+  /* #### Should this be conditionalized on FIONBIO? */
+#if defined (STRIDE) || (defined (pfa) && defined (HAVE_PTYS)) || defined (AIX)
+  {
+    int one = 1;
+    ioctl (fd, FIONBIO, &one);
+  }
+#endif
+
+#ifdef O_NONBLOCK /* The POSIX way */
+  fcntl (fd, F_SETFL, O_NONBLOCK);
+#elif defined (O_NDELAY)
+  fcntl (fd, F_SETFL, O_NDELAY);
+#endif /* O_NONBLOCK */
+}
+
+#if defined (NO_SUBPROCESSES)
+
+#ifdef BSD
+void
+wait_without_blocking (void)
+{
+  wait3 (0, WNOHANG | WUNTRACED, 0);
+  synch_process_alive = 0;
+}
+#endif /* BSD */
+
+#endif /* NO_SUBPROCESSES */
+
+int wait_debugging;   /* Set nonzero to make following function work under dbx
+		         (at least for bsd).  */
+
+/* Wait for subprocess with process id `pid' to terminate and
+   make sure it will get eliminated (not remain forever as a zombie). */
+
+void
+wait_for_termination (int pid)
+{
+  /* #### With the new improved SIGCHLD handling stuff, there is much
+     less danger of race conditions and some of the comments below
+     don't apply.  This should be updated. */
+  while (1)
+    {
+#if !defined (NO_SUBPROCESSES)
+# ifdef VMS
+      int status;
+
+      status = SYS$FORCEX (&pid, 0, 0);
+      return;
+# else /* not VMS */
+      /* Note that, whenever any subprocess terminates (asynch. or synch.),
+	 the SIGCHLD handler will be called and it will call wait().
+	 Thus we cannot just call wait() ourselves, and we can't block
+	 SIGCHLD and then call wait(), because then if an asynch.
+	 process dies while we're waiting for our synch. process,
+	 Emacs will never notice that the asynch. process died.
+
+	 So, the general approach we take is to repeatedly block until
+	 a signal arrives, and then check if our process died
+	 using kill (pid, 0).  (We could also check the value of
+	 `synch_process_alive', since the SIGCHLD handler will reset
+	 that and we know that we're only being called on synchronous
+	 processes, but this approach is safer.  I don't trust
+	 the proper delivery of SIGCHLD.
+
+	 Note also that we cannot use any form of waitpid().
+	 A loop with WNOHANG will chew up CPU time; better to
+	 use sleep().  A loop without WNOWAIT will screw up
+	 the SIGCHLD handler (actually this is not true, if you
+	 duplicate the exit-status-reaping code; see below).
+	 A loop with WNOWAIT will result in a race condition
+	 if the process terminates between the process-status
+	 check and the call to waitpid(). */
+
+      /* Formerly, immediate_quit was set around this function call,
+	 but that could lead to problems if the QUIT happened when
+	 SIGCHLD was blocked -- it would remain blocked.  Yet another
+	 reason why immediate_quit is a bad idea.  In any case, there
+	 is no reason to resort to this because either the SIGIO or
+	 the SIGALRM will stop the block in EMACS_WAIT_FOR_SIGNAL(). */
+      QUIT;
+#  ifdef HAVE_WAITPID
+      /* Apparently there are bugs on some systems with the second
+	 method used below (the EMACS_BLOCK_SIGNAL method), whereby
+	 zombie processes get left around.  It appears in those cases
+	 that the SIGCHLD handler is never getting invoked.  It's
+	 not clear whether this is an Emacs bug or a kernel bug or
+	 both: on HPUX this problem is observed only with XEmacs,
+	 but under Solaris 2.4 all sorts of different programs have
+	 problems with zombies.  The method we use here does not
+	 require a working SIGCHLD (but will not break if it is
+	 working), and should be safe. */
+      /* 
+	 We use waitpid() contrary to the remarks above.  There is 
+	 no race condition, because the three situations when 
+	 sigchld_handler is invoked should be handled OK:
+	 - handler invoked before waitpid(): In this case, subprocess 
+	   status will be set by sigchld_handler.  waitpid() here will 
+	   return -1 with errno set to ECHILD, which is a valid 
+	   exit condition.
+
+	 - handler invoked during waitpid(): as above, except that 
+	   errno here will be set to EINTR.  This will cause waitpid() to 
+	   be called again, and this time it will exit with ECHILD.
+
+	 - handler invoked after waitpid(): The following code will reap 
+	   the subprocess. In the handler, wait()  will return -1 
+	   because there is no child to reap, and the handler will exit
+	   without modifying child subprocess status.
+      */
+      {
+	/* Because the SIGCHLD handler can potentially reap the
+	synchronous subprocess, we should take care of that.  */
+	
+	int ret;
+	WAITTYPE w;
+	/* Will stay in the do loop as long as:
+	   1. Process is alive
+	   2. Ctrl-G is not pressed */
+	do
+	  {
+	    QUIT;
+	    ret = waitpid (pid, &w, 0);
+	    /* waitpid returns 0 if the process is still alive. */
+	  }
+	while (ret == 0 || (ret == -1 && errno == EINTR));
+	
+	/* On exiting the loop, ret will be -1, with errno set to 
+	   ECHILD if the child has already been reaped, eg in the 
+	   signal handler.  */
+
+	if (! (ret == pid || (ret == -1 && errno == ECHILD)))
+	  {
+	    /* We've had some error condition here.  Per POSIX, the
+	       only other possibilities are:
+	       EFAULT (bus error accessing arg 2) or EINVAL (incorrect
+	       arguments), which are both program bugs.
+	     
+	       Since implementations may add their own error
+	       indicators on top, we ignore it by default.
+	       */
+	    
+	    break;
+	  }
+
+	/* Set synch process globals.  This is can also happen 
+	   in sigchld_handler, and that code is duplicated. */
+	if (ret == pid)
+	  { /* Update the global sigchld stats. */
+	    synch_process_alive = 0;
+	    if (WIFEXITED (w))
+	      synch_process_retcode = WRETCODE (w);
+	    else if (WIFSIGNALED (w))
+	      synch_process_death = signal_name (WTERMSIG (w));
+	  }
+	break;
+      }
+#  elif defined (EMACS_BLOCK_SIGNAL) && !defined (BROKEN_WAIT_FOR_SIGNAL) && defined (SIGCHLD)
+      if (!wait_debugging)
+	{
+	  EMACS_BLOCK_SIGNAL (SIGCHLD);
+	  /* Block SIGCHLD from happening during this check,
+	     to avoid race conditions. */
+	  if (kill (pid, 0) < 0)
+	    {
+	      EMACS_UNBLOCK_SIGNAL (SIGCHLD);
+	      return;
+	    }
+	  else
+	    /* WARNING: Whatever this macro does *must* not allow SIGCHLD
+	       to happen between the time that it's reenabled and when we
+	       begin to block.  Otherwise we may end up blocking for a
+	       signal that has already arrived and isn't coming again.
+	       Can you say "race condition"?
+	       
+	       I assume that the system calls sigpause() or sigsuspend()
+	       provide this atomicness.  If you're getting hangs in
+	       sigpause()/sigsuspend(), then your OS doesn't
+	       implement this properly (this applies under hpux9,
+	       for example).  Try defining BROKEN_WAIT_FOR_SIGNAL. */
+	    EMACS_WAIT_FOR_SIGNAL (SIGCHLD);
+	  continue;
+	}
+#  else /* not HAVE_WAITPID and (not EMACS_BLOCK_SIGNAL or
+	   BROKEN_WAIT_FOR_SIGNAL) */
+      /* This approach is kind of cheesy but is guaranteed(?!) to work
+	 for all systems. */
+      if (kill (pid, 0) < 0)
+	return;
+      emacs_sleep (1);
+#  endif /* not HAVE_WAITPID and (not EMACS_BLOCK_SIGNAL or
+	   BROKEN_WAIT_FOR_SIGNAL) */
+# endif /* not VMS */
+#else /* NO_SUBPROCESSES */
+      /* No need to be tricky like above; we can just call wait(). */
+      int status;
+      /* #### should figure out how to write a wait_allowing_quit().
+	 Since hardly any systems don't have subprocess support,
+	 however, there doesn't seem to be much point. */
+      status = wait (0);
+      if (status == pid)
+	return;
+#endif /* NO_SUBPROCESSES */
+    }
+}
+
+
+#if !defined (NO_SUBPROCESSES)
+
+/*
+ *	flush any pending output
+ *      (may flush input as well; it does not matter the way we use it)
+ */
+ 
+void
+flush_pending_output (int channel)
+{
+#ifdef HAVE_TERMIOS
+  /* If we try this, we get hit with SIGTTIN, because
+     the child's tty belongs to the child's pgrp. */
+#elif defined (TCFLSH)
+  ioctl (channel, TCFLSH, 1);
+#elif defined (TIOCFLUSH)
+  int zero = 0;
+  /* 3rd arg should be ignored
+     but some 4.2 kernels actually want the address of an int
+     and nonzero means something different.  */
+  ioctl (channel, TIOCFLUSH, &zero);
+#endif
+}
+
+#ifndef VMS
+#ifndef MSDOS
+/*  Set up the terminal at the other end of a pseudo-terminal that
+    we will be controlling an inferior through.
+    It should not echo or do line-editing, since that is done
+    in Emacs.  No padding needed for insertion into an Emacs buffer.  */
+
+void
+child_setup_tty (int out)
+{
+  struct emacs_tty s;
+  EMACS_GET_TTY (out, &s);
+
+#if defined (HAVE_TERMIO) || defined (HAVE_TERMIOS)
+  assert (isatty(out));
+  s.main.c_oflag |= OPOST;	/* Enable output postprocessing */
+  s.main.c_oflag &= ~ONLCR;	/* Disable map of NL to CR-NL on output */
+#ifdef NLDLY
+  s.main.c_oflag &= ~(NLDLY|CRDLY|TABDLY|BSDLY|VTDLY|FFDLY);
+  				/* No output delays */
+#endif
+  s.main.c_lflag &= ~ECHO;	/* Disable echo */
+  s.main.c_lflag |= ISIG;	/* Enable signals */
+#ifdef IUCLC
+  s.main.c_iflag &= ~IUCLC;     /* Disable downcasing on input.  */
+#endif
+#ifdef OLCUC
+  s.main.c_oflag &= ~OLCUC;	/* Disable upcasing on output.  */
+#endif
+#if defined (CSIZE) && defined (CS8)
+  s.main.c_cflag = (s.main.c_cflag & ~CSIZE) | CS8; /* Don't strip 8th bit */
+#endif
+#ifdef ISTRIP
+  s.main.c_iflag &= ~ISTRIP;    /* Don't strip 8th bit on input */
+#endif
+#if 0
+  /* Unnecessary as long as ICANON is set */
+  s.main.c_cc[VMIN]  = 1;	/* minimum number of characters to accept  */
+  s.main.c_cc[VTIME] = 0;	/* wait forever for at least 1 character  */
+#endif /* 0 */
+
+  s.main.c_lflag |= ICANON;	/* Enable erase/kill and eof processing */
+  s.main.c_cc[VEOF] = 04;	/* insure that EOF is Control-D */
+  s.main.c_cc[VERASE] = CDISABLE; /* disable erase processing */
+  s.main.c_cc[VKILL]  = CDISABLE; /* disable kill processing */
+
+#ifdef HPUX
+  s.main.c_cflag = (s.main.c_cflag & ~CBAUD) | B9600; /* baud rate sanity */
+#endif /* HPUX */
+
+#ifdef AIX
+#ifndef IBMR2AIX
+  /* AIX enhanced edit loses NULs, so disable it. */
+  s.main.c_line = 0;
+  s.main.c_iflag &= ~ASCEDIT;
+#endif /* IBMR2AIX */
+  /* Also, PTY overloads NUL and BREAK.
+     don't ignore break, but don't signal either, so it looks like NUL.
+     This really serves a purpose only if running in an XTERM window
+     or via TELNET or the like, but does no harm elsewhere.  */
+  s.main.c_iflag &= ~IGNBRK;
+  s.main.c_iflag &= ~BRKINT;
+#endif /* AIX */
+#ifdef SIGNALS_VIA_CHARACTERS
+  /* the QUIT and INTR character are used in process_send_signal
+     so set them here to something useful.  */
+  s.main.c_cc[VQUIT] = '\\'&037; /* Control-\ */
+  s.main.c_cc[VINTR] = 'C' &037; /* Control-C */
+#else /* no TIOCGPGRP or no TIOCGLTC or no TIOCGETC */
+  /* QUIT and INTR work better as signals, so disable character forms */
+  s.main.c_cc[VQUIT] = CDISABLE;
+  s.main.c_cc[VINTR] = CDISABLE;
+  s.main.c_lflag &= ~ISIG;
+#endif /* no TIOCGPGRP or no TIOCGLTC or no TIOCGETC */
+  s.main.c_cc[VEOL] = CDISABLE;
+#if defined (CBAUD)
+  /* <mdiers> ### This is not portable. ###
+     POSIX does not specify CBAUD, and 4.4BSD does not have it.
+     Instead, POSIX suggests to use cfset{i,o}speed().
+     [cf. D. Lewine, POSIX Programmer's Guide, Chapter 8: Terminal
+     I/O, O'Reilly 1991] */
+  s.main.c_cflag = (s.main.c_cflag & ~CBAUD) | B9600; /* baud rate sanity */
+#else
+  /* <mdiers> What to do upon failure? Just ignoring rc is probably
+     not acceptable, is it? */
+  if (cfsetispeed (&s.main, B9600) == -1) /* ignore */;
+  if (cfsetospeed (&s.main, B9600) == -1) /* ignore */;
+#endif /* defined (CBAUD) */
+
+#else /* not HAVE_TERMIO */
+
+  s.main.sg_flags &= ~(ECHO | CRMOD | ANYP | ALLDELAY | RAW | LCASE
+		       | CBREAK | TANDEM);
+  s.main.sg_flags |= LPASS8;
+  s.main.sg_erase = 0377;
+  s.main.sg_kill  = 0377;
+  s.lmode = LLITOUT | s.lmode;        /* Don't strip 8th bit */
+
+#endif /* not HAVE_TERMIO */
+  EMACS_SET_TTY (out, &s, 0);
+
+#ifdef RTU
+  {
+    int zero = 0;
+    ioctl (out, FIOASYNC, &zero);
+  }
+#endif /* RTU */
+}
+#endif /* not MSDOS */
+#endif /* not VMS */
+
+#endif /* not NO_SUBPROCESSES */
+
+
+#if !defined (VMS) && !defined (SIGTSTP) && !defined (USG_JOBCTRL)
+
+/* Record a signal code and the handler for it.  */
+struct save_signal
+{
+  int code;
+  SIGTYPE (*handler) ();
+};
+
+static void
+save_signal_handlers (struct save_signal *saved_handlers)
+{
+  while (saved_handlers->code)
+    {
+      saved_handlers->handler
+	= (SIGTYPE (*) ()) signal (saved_handlers->code, SIG_IGN);
+      saved_handlers++;
+    }
+}
+
+static void
+restore_signal_handlers (struct save_signal *saved_handlers)
+{
+  while (saved_handlers->code)
+    {
+      signal (saved_handlers->code, saved_handlers->handler);
+      saved_handlers++;
+    }
+}
+
+/* Fork a subshell.  */
+static void
+sys_subshell (void)
+{
+#ifdef MSDOS
+  int st;
+  char oldwd[MAXPATHLEN+1]; /* Fixed length is safe on MSDOS.  */
+#endif /* MSDOS */
+  int pid;
+  struct save_signal saved_handlers[5];
+  Lisp_Object dir;
+  unsigned char *str = 0;
+  int len;
+
+  saved_handlers[0].code = SIGINT;
+  saved_handlers[1].code = SIGQUIT;
+  saved_handlers[2].code = SIGTERM;
+#ifdef SIGIO
+  saved_handlers[3].code = SIGIO;
+  saved_handlers[4].code = 0;
+#else
+  saved_handlers[3].code = 0;
+#endif
+
+  /* Mentioning current_buffer->buffer would mean including buffer.h,
+     which somehow wedges the hp compiler.  So instead...  */
+
+  if (NILP (Fboundp (Qdefault_directory)))
+    goto xyzzy;
+  dir = Fsymbol_value (Qdefault_directory);
+  if (!STRINGP (dir))
+    goto xyzzy;
+  
+  dir = expand_and_dir_to_file (Funhandled_file_name_directory (dir), Qnil);
+  str = (unsigned char *) alloca (string_length (XSTRING (dir)) + 2);
+  len = string_length (XSTRING (dir));
+  memcpy (str, string_data (XSTRING (dir)), len);
+  /* #### Unix specific */
+  if (str[len - 1] != '/') str[len++] = '/';
+  str[len] = 0;
+ xyzzy:
+
+  pid = vfork ();
+
+  if (pid == -1)
+    error ("Can't spawn subshell");
+  if (pid == 0)
+  {
+      char *sh = 0;
+
+#ifdef MSDOS    /* MW, Aug 1993 */
+      getwd (oldwd);
+      if (sh == 0)
+	sh = (char *) egetenv ("SUSPEND");	/* KFS, 1994-12-14 */
+#endif
+      if (sh == 0)
+	sh = (char *) egetenv ("SHELL");
+      if (sh == 0)
+	sh = "sh";
+
+    /* Use our buffer's default directory for the subshell.  */
+    if (str)
+      sys_chdir (str);
+
+#if !defined (NO_SUBPROCESSES)
+    close_process_descs ();	/* Close Emacs's pipes/ptys */
+#endif
+
+#ifdef SET_EMACS_PRIORITY
+    if (emacs_priority != 0)
+      nice (-emacs_priority);   /* Give the new shell the default priority */ 
+#endif
+
+#ifdef MSDOS
+    st = system (sh);
+    sys_chdir (oldwd);
+#if 0	/* This is also reported if last command executed in subshell failed, KFS */
+      if (st)
+	report_file_error ("Can't execute subshell",
+			   Fcons (build_string (sh), Qnil));
+#endif
+#else /* not MSDOS */
+    execlp (sh, sh, 0);
+    write (1, "Can't execute subshell", 22);
+    _exit (1);
+#endif /* not MSDOS */
+  }
+
+  save_signal_handlers (saved_handlers);
+  synch_process_alive = 1;
+#ifndef MSDOS
+  wait_for_termination (pid);
+#endif
+  restore_signal_handlers (saved_handlers);
+}
+
+#endif /* !defined (VMS) && !defined (SIGTSTP) && !defined (USG_JOBCTRL) */
+
+
+
+/* Suspend the Emacs process; give terminal to its superior.  */
+void
+sys_suspend (void)
+{
+#ifdef VMS
+  /* "Foster" parentage allows emacs to return to a subprocess that attached
+     to the current emacs as a cheaper than starting a whole new process.  This
+     is set up by KEPTEDITOR.COM.  */
+  unsigned long parent_id, foster_parent_id;
+  char *fpid_string;
+
+  fpid_string = getenv ("EMACS_PARENT_PID");
+  if (fpid_string != NULL)
+    {
+      sscanf (fpid_string, "%x", &foster_parent_id);
+      if (foster_parent_id != 0)
+	parent_id = foster_parent_id;
+      else
+	parent_id = getppid ();
+    }
+  else
+    parent_id = getppid ();
+
+  xfree (fpid_string);		/* On VMS, this was malloc'd */
+
+  if (parent_id && parent_id != 0xffffffff)
+    {
+      SIGTYPE (*oldsig)() = (int) signal (SIGINT, SIG_IGN);
+      int status = LIB$ATTACH (&parent_id) & 1;
+      signal (SIGINT, oldsig);
+      return status;
+    }
+  else
+    {
+      struct {
+	int	l;
+	char	*a;
+      } d_prompt;
+      d_prompt.l = sizeof ("Emacs: ");		/* Our special prompt */
+      d_prompt.a = "Emacs: ";			/* Just a reminder */
+      LIB$SPAWN (0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, &d_prompt, 0);
+      return 1;
+    }
+  return -1;
+#elif defined (SIGTSTP) && !defined (MSDOS)
+  {
+    int pgrp = EMACS_GET_PROCESS_GROUP ();
+    EMACS_KILLPG (pgrp, SIGTSTP);
+  }
+
+#elif defined (USG_JOBCTRL)
+  /* If you don't know what this is don't mess with it */
+  ptrace (0, 0, 0, 0);		/* set for ptrace - caught by csh */
+  kill (getpid (), SIGQUIT);
+
+#else /* No SIGTSTP or USG_JOBCTRL */
+
+  /* On a system where suspending is not implemented,
+     instead fork a subshell and let it talk directly to the terminal
+     while we wait.  */
+  sys_subshell ();
+
+#endif
+}
+
+/* Set the logical window size associated with descriptor FD
+   to HEIGHT and WIDTH.  This is used mainly with ptys.  */
+
+int
+set_window_size (int fd, int height, int width)
+{
+#ifdef TIOCSWINSZ
+
+  /* BSD-style.  */
+  struct winsize size;
+  size.ws_row = height;
+  size.ws_col = width;
+
+  if (ioctl (fd, TIOCSWINSZ, &size) == -1)
+    return 0; /* error */
+  else
+    return 1;
+
+#elif defined (TIOCSSIZE)
+
+  /* SunOS - style.  */
+  struct ttysize size;  
+  size.ts_lines = height;
+  size.ts_cols = width;
+
+  if (ioctl (fd, TIOCGSIZE, &size) == -1)
+    return 0;
+  else
+    return 1;
+#else
+  return -1;
+#endif
+}
+
+#ifdef HAVE_PTYS
+
+/* Set up the proper status flags for use of a pty.  */
+
+void
+setup_pty (int fd)
+{
+  /* I'm told that TOICREMOTE does not mean control chars
+     "can't be sent" but rather that they don't have
+     input-editing or signaling effects.
+     That should be good, because we have other ways
+     to do those things in Emacs.
+     However, telnet mode seems not to work on 4.2.
+     So TIOCREMOTE is turned off now. */
+
+  /* Under hp-ux, if TIOCREMOTE is turned on, some calls
+     will hang.  In particular, the "timeout" feature (which
+     causes a read to return if there is no data available)
+     does this.  Also it is known that telnet mode will hang
+     in such a way that Emacs must be stopped (perhaps this
+     is the same problem).
+     
+     If TIOCREMOTE is turned off, then there is a bug in
+     hp-ux which sometimes loses data.  Apparently the
+     code which blocks the master process when the internal
+     buffer fills up does not work.  Other than this,
+     though, everything else seems to work fine.
+     
+     Since the latter lossage is more benign, we may as well
+     lose that way.  -- cph */
+#if defined (FIONBIO) && defined (SYSV_PTYS)
+  {
+    int on = 1;
+    ioctl (fd, FIONBIO, &on);
+  }
+#endif
+#ifdef IBMRTAIX
+  /* On AIX, the parent gets SIGHUP when a pty attached child dies.  So, we */
+  /* ignore SIGHUP once we've started a child on a pty.  Note that this may */
+  /* cause EMACS not to die when it should, i.e., when its own controlling  */
+  /* tty goes away.  I've complained to the AIX developers, and they may    */
+  /* change this behavior, but I'm not going to hold my breath.             */
+  signal (SIGHUP, SIG_IGN);
+#endif
+#ifdef TIOCPKT
+  /* In some systems (Linux through 2.0.0, at least), packet mode doesn't
+     get cleared when a pty is closed, so we need to clear it here.
+     Linux pre2.0.13 contained an attempted fix for this (from Ted Ts'o,
+     tytso@mit.edu), but apparently it messed up rlogind and telnetd, so he
+     removed the fix in pre2.0.14.     - dkindred@cs.cmu.edu
+   */
+  {
+    int off = 0;
+    ioctl (fd, TIOCPKT, (char *)&off);
+  }
+#endif
+}
+#endif /* HAVE_PTYS */
+
+
+/************************************************************************/
+/*                            TTY control                               */
+/************************************************************************/
+
+/* ------------------------------------------------------ */
+/*                     get baud rate                      */
+/* ------------------------------------------------------ */
+
+/* It really makes more sense for the baud-rate to be console-specific
+   and not device-specific, but it's (at least potentially) used for output
+   decisions. */
+
+void
+init_baud_rate (struct device *d)
+{
+  struct console *con = XCONSOLE (DEVICE_CONSOLE (d));
+  if (DEVICE_WIN_P (d) || DEVICE_STREAM_P (d))
+    {
+      DEVICE_BAUD_RATE (d) = 38400;
+      return;
+    }
+
+#ifdef HAVE_TTY
+  assert (DEVICE_TTY_P (d));
+  {
+    int input_fd = CONSOLE_TTY_DATA (con)->infd;
+#ifdef MSDOS
+    DEVICE_TTY_DATA (d)->ospeed = 15;
+#elif defined (VMS)
+    struct vms_sensemode sg;
+    
+    SYS$QIOW (0, input_fd, IO$_SENSEMODE, &sg, 0, 0,
+	      &sg.class, 12, 0, 0, 0, 0 );
+    DEVICE_TTY_DATA (d)->ospeed = sg.xmit_baud;
+#elif defined (HAVE_TERMIOS)
+    struct termios sg;
+    
+    sg.c_cflag = B9600;
+    tcgetattr (input_fd, &sg);
+    DEVICE_TTY_DATA (d)->ospeed = cfgetospeed (&sg);
+# if defined (USE_GETOBAUD) && defined (getobaud)
+    /* m88k-motorola-sysv3 needs this (ghazi@noc.rutgers.edu) 9/1/94. */
+    if (DEVICE_TTY_DATA (d)->ospeed == 0)
+      DEVICE_TTY_DATA (d)->ospeed = getobaud (sg.c_cflag);
+# endif
+#elif defined (HAVE_TERMIO)
+    struct termio sg;
+    
+    sg.c_cflag = B9600;
+# ifdef HAVE_TCATTR
+    tcgetattr (input_fd, &sg);
+# else
+    ioctl (input_fd, TCGETA, &sg);
+# endif
+    DEVICE_TTY_DATA (d)->ospeed = sg.c_cflag & CBAUD;
+#else /* neither VMS nor TERMIOS nor TERMIO */
+    struct sgttyb sg;
+    
+    sg.sg_ospeed = B9600;
+    if (ioctl (input_fd, TIOCGETP, &sg) < 0)
+      abort ();
+    DEVICE_TTY_DATA (d)->ospeed = sg.sg_ospeed;
+#endif
+  }
+  
+  DEVICE_BAUD_RATE (d) =
+    (DEVICE_TTY_DATA (d)->ospeed < sizeof baud_convert / sizeof baud_convert[0]
+     ? baud_convert[DEVICE_TTY_DATA (d)->ospeed]
+     : 9600);
+
+  if (DEVICE_BAUD_RATE (d) == 0)
+    DEVICE_BAUD_RATE (d) = 1200;
+#endif /* HAVE_TTY */
+}
+
+
+/* ------------------------------------------------------ */
+/*                       SIGIO control                    */
+/* ------------------------------------------------------ */
+
+#ifdef SIGIO
+
+static void
+init_sigio_on_device (struct device *d)
+{
+  int filedesc = DEVICE_INFD (d);
+
+#if defined (I_SETSIG)
+  ioctl (filedesc, I_GETSIG, &DEVICE_OLD_SIGIO_FLAG (d));
+  DEVICE_OLD_SIGIO_FLAG (d) &= ~S_INPUT;
+#elif defined (FASYNC)
+  DEVICE_OLD_SIGIO_FLAG (d) =
+    fcntl (filedesc, F_GETFL, 0) & ~FASYNC;
+#endif
+
+#if defined (FIOSSAIOOWN)
+  { /* HPUX stuff */
+    int owner = getpid ();
+    int ioctl_status;
+    if (DEVICE_TTY_P (d))
+	{
+	  ioctl_status = ioctl (filedesc, FIOGSAIOOWN,
+				&DEVICE_OLD_FCNTL_OWNER (d));
+	  ioctl_status = ioctl (filedesc, FIOSSAIOOWN, &owner);
+	}
+#ifdef HAVE_WINDOW_SYSTEM
+    else if (!DEVICE_STREAM_P (d))
+      {
+	/* Process group for socket should be -pid for delivery to self. */
+	owner = -owner;
+	ioctl_status = ioctl (filedesc, SIOCGPGRP,
+			      &DEVICE_OLD_FCNTL_OWNER (d));
+	ioctl_status = ioctl (filedesc, SIOCSPGRP, &owner);
+      }
+#endif
+  }
+#elif defined (F_SETOWN) && !defined (F_SETOWN_BUG)
+  DEVICE_OLD_FCNTL_OWNER (d) = fcntl (filedesc, F_GETOWN, 0);
+# ifdef F_SETOWN_SOCK_NEG
+  /* stdin is a socket here */
+  fcntl (filedesc, F_SETOWN, -getpid ());
+# else
+  fcntl (filedesc, F_SETOWN, getpid ());
+# endif
+#endif
+}
+
+static void
+reset_sigio_on_device (struct device *d)
+{
+  int filedesc = DEVICE_INFD (d);
+
+#if defined (FIOSSAIOOWN)
+  { /* HPUX stuff */
+    int owner = getpid ();
+    int ioctl_status;
+    if (DEVICE_TTY_P (d))
+      {
+	ioctl_status = ioctl (filedesc, FIOSSAIOOWN,
+			      &DEVICE_OLD_FCNTL_OWNER (d));
+      }
+#ifdef HAVE_WINDOW_SYSTEM
+    else if (!DEVICE_STREAM_P (d))
+      {
+	/* Process group for socket should be -pid for delivery to self. */
+	owner = -owner;
+	ioctl_status = ioctl (filedesc, SIOCSPGRP,
+			      &DEVICE_OLD_FCNTL_OWNER (d));
+      }
+#endif
+  }
+#elif defined (F_SETOWN) && !defined (F_SETOWN_BUG)
+  fcntl (filedesc, F_SETOWN, DEVICE_OLD_FCNTL_OWNER (d));
+#endif
+}
+
+static void
+request_sigio_on_device (struct device *d)
+{
+  int filedesc = DEVICE_INFD (d);
+
+  /* prevent redundant ioctl()s, which may cause syslog messages
+     (e.g. on Solaris) */
+  if (d->sigio_enabled)
+    return;
+
+#if defined (I_SETSIG)
+  ioctl (filedesc, I_SETSIG, DEVICE_OLD_SIGIO_FLAG (d) | S_INPUT);
+#elif defined (FASYNC)
+  fcntl (filedesc, F_SETFL, DEVICE_OLD_SIGIO_FLAG (d) | FASYNC);
+#elif defined (FIOSSAIOSTAT)
+  {
+      /* DG: Changed for HP-UX. HP-UX uses different IOCTLs for
+	 sockets and other devices for some bizarre reason. We guess
+	 that an X device is a socket, and tty devices aren't. We then
+	 use the following crud to do the appropriate thing. */
+    int on = 1;
+    int ioctl_status;		/* ####DG: check if IOCTL succeeds here. */
+    int socket_pgroup = -getpid ();
+
+    if (DEVICE_TTY_P (d))
+      {
+	ioctl_status = ioctl (filedesc, FIOSSAIOSTAT, &on);
+      }
+#ifdef HAVE_WINDOW_SYSTEM
+    else if (!DEVICE_STREAM_P (d))
+      {
+	ioctl_status = ioctl (filedesc, FIOASYNC, &on);
+	ioctl_status = ioctl (filedesc, SIOCSPGRP, &socket_pgroup);
+      }
+#endif
+  }
+#elif defined (FIOASYNC)
+  {
+    int on = 1;
+    ioctl (filedesc, FIOASYNC, &on);
+  }
+#endif
+
+#if defined (_CX_UX) /* #### Is this crap necessary? */
+  EMACS_UNBLOCK_SIGNAL (SIGIO);
+#endif
+
+  d->sigio_enabled = 1;
+}
+
+static void
+unrequest_sigio_on_device (struct device *d)
+{
+  int filedesc = DEVICE_INFD (d);
+
+  /* prevent redundant ioctl()s, which may cause syslog messages
+     (e.g. on Solaris) */
+  if (!d->sigio_enabled)
+    return;
+
+#if defined (I_SETSIG)
+  ioctl (filedesc, I_SETSIG, DEVICE_OLD_SIGIO_FLAG (d));
+#elif defined (FASYNC)
+  fcntl (filedesc, F_SETFL, DEVICE_OLD_SIGIO_FLAG (d));
+#elif defined (FIOSSAIOSTAT)
+  {
+      /* DG: Changed for HP-UX. HP-UX uses different IOCTLs for
+	 sockets and other devices for some bizarre reason. We guess
+	 that an X device is a socket, and tty devices aren't. We then
+	 use the following crud to do the appropriate thing. */
+
+    int off = 0;
+    int socket_pgroup = 0;
+    int ioctl_status;
+
+    /* See comment for request_sigio_on_device */
+
+    if (DEVICE_TTY_P (d))
+      {
+	ioctl_status = ioctl (filedesc, FIOSSAIOSTAT, &off);
+      }
+    else 
+      {
+	ioctl_status = ioctl (filedesc, FIOASYNC, &off);
+	ioctl_status = ioctl (filedesc, SIOCSPGRP, &socket_pgroup);
+      }
+  }
+#elif defined (FIOASYNC)
+  {
+    int off = 0;
+    ioctl (filedesc, FIOASYNC, &off);
+  }
+#endif
+
+  d->sigio_enabled = 0;
+}
+
+void
+request_sigio (void)
+{
+  Lisp_Object devcons, concons;
+
+  DEVICE_LOOP_NO_BREAK (devcons, concons)
+    {
+      struct device *d;
+
+      d = XDEVICE (XCAR (devcons));
+
+      if (!DEVICE_STREAM_P (d))
+	request_sigio_on_device (d);
+    }
+}
+
+void
+unrequest_sigio (void)
+{
+  Lisp_Object devcons, concons;
+
+  DEVICE_LOOP_NO_BREAK (devcons, concons)
+    {
+      struct device *d;
+
+      d = XDEVICE (XCAR (devcons));
+
+      if (!DEVICE_STREAM_P (d))
+	unrequest_sigio_on_device (d);
+    }
+}
+
+#endif /* SIGIO */
+
+/* ------------------------------------------------------ */
+/*             Changing Emacs's process group             */
+/* ------------------------------------------------------ */
+
+/* Saving and restoring the process group of Emacs's terminal.  */
+
+/* On some systems, apparently (?!) Emacs must be in its own process
+   group in order to receive SIGIO correctly.  On other systems
+   (e.g. Solaris), it's not required and doing it makes things
+   get fucked up.  So, we only do it when
+   SIGIO_REQUIRES_SEPARATE_PROCESS_GROUP is defined.  Basically,
+   this is only required for BSD 4.2 systems. (Actually, I bet
+   we don't have to do this at all -- those systems also
+   required interrupt input, which we don't support.)
+
+   If Emacs was in its own process group (i.e. inherited_pgroup ==
+   getpid ()), then we know we're running under a shell with job
+   control (Emacs would never be run as part of a pipeline).
+   Everything is fine.
+
+   If Emacs was not in its own process group, then we know we're
+   running under a shell (or a caller) that doesn't know how to
+   separate itself from Emacs (like sh).  Emacs must be in its own
+   process group in order to receive SIGIO correctly.  In this
+   situation, we put ourselves in our own pgroup, forcibly set the
+   tty's pgroup to our pgroup, and make sure to restore and reinstate
+   the tty's pgroup just like any other terminal setting.  If
+   inherited_group was not the tty's pgroup, then we'll get a
+   SIGTTmumble when we try to change the tty's pgroup, and a CONT if
+   it goes foreground in the future, which is what should happen.  */
+
+#ifdef SIGIO_REQUIRES_SEPARATE_PROCESS_GROUP
+
+static int inherited_pgroup;
+static int inherited_tty_pgroup;
+
+#endif
+
+void
+munge_tty_process_group (void)
+{
+#ifdef SIGIO_REQUIRES_SEPARATE_PROCESS_GROUP
+  if (noninteractive)
+    return;
+
+  /* Only do this munging if we have a device on the controlling
+     terminal.  See the large comment below. */
+
+  if (CONSOLEP (Vcontrolling_terminal) &&
+      CONSOLE_LIVE_P (XCONSOLE (Vcontrolling_terminal)))
+    {
+      int fd = open ("/dev/tty", O_RDWR, 0);
+      int me = getpid ();
+      EMACS_BLOCK_SIGNAL (SIGTTOU);
+      EMACS_SET_TTY_PROCESS_GROUP (fd, &me);
+      EMACS_UNBLOCK_SIGNAL (SIGTTOU);
+      close (fd);
+    }
+#endif
+}
+
+/* Split off the foreground process group to Emacs alone.
+   When we are in the foreground, but not started in our own process
+   group, redirect the TTY to point to our own process group.  We need
+   to be in our own process group to receive SIGIO properly.  */
+static void
+munge_process_groups (void)
+{
+#ifdef SIGIO_REQUIRES_SEPARATE_PROCESS_GROUP
+  if (noninteractive)
+    return;
+
+  EMACS_SEPARATE_PROCESS_GROUP ();
+
+  munge_tty_process_group ();
+#endif
+}
+
+void
+unmunge_tty_process_group (void)
+{
+#ifdef SIGIO_REQUIRES_SEPARATE_PROCESS_GROUP
+  {
+    int fd = open ("/dev/tty", O_RDWR, 0);
+    EMACS_BLOCK_SIGNAL (SIGTTOU);
+    EMACS_SET_TTY_PROCESS_GROUP (fd, &inherited_tty_pgroup);
+    EMACS_UNBLOCK_SIGNAL (SIGTTOU);
+    close (fd);
+  }
+#endif
+}
+
+/* Set the tty to our original foreground group.
+   Also restore the original process group (put us back into sh's
+   process group), so that ^Z will suspend both us and sh. */
+static void
+unmunge_process_groups (void)
+{
+#ifdef SIGIO_REQUIRES_SEPARATE_PROCESS_GROUP
+  if (noninteractive)
+    return;
+
+  unmunge_tty_process_group ();
+
+  EMACS_SET_PROCESS_GROUP (inherited_pgroup);
+#endif
+}
+
+/* According to some old wisdom, we need to be in a separate process
+   group for SIGIO to work correctly (at least on some systems ...).
+   So go ahead and put ourselves into our own process group.  This
+   will fail if we're already in our own process group, but who cares.
+   Also record whether we were in our own process group. (In general,
+   we will already be in our own process group if we were started from
+   a job-control shell like csh, but not if we were started from sh).
+   
+   If we succeeded in changing our process group, then we will no
+   longer be in the foreground process group of our controlling
+   terminal.  Therefore, if we have a console open onto this terminal,
+   we have to change the controlling terminal's foreground process
+   group (otherwise we will get stopped with a SIGTTIN signal when
+   attempting to read from the terminal).  It's important,
+   however, that we do this *only* when we have a console open onto
+   the terminal.  It's a decidedly bad idea to do so otherwise,
+   especially if XEmacs was started from the background. */
+
+void
+init_process_group (void)
+{
+#ifdef SIGIO_REQUIRES_SEPARATE_PROCESS_GROUP
+  if (! noninteractive)
+    {
+      int fd = open ("/dev/tty", O_RDWR, 0);
+      inherited_pgroup = EMACS_GET_PROCESS_GROUP ();
+      EMACS_GET_TTY_PROCESS_GROUP (fd, &inherited_tty_pgroup);
+      close (fd);
+      EMACS_SEPARATE_PROCESS_GROUP ();
+    }
+#endif
+}
+
+void
+disconnect_controlling_terminal (void)
+{
+#  ifdef HAVE_SETSID
+  /* Controlling terminals are attached to a session.
+     Create a new session for us; it will have no controlling
+     terminal.  This also, of course, puts us in our own
+     process group. */
+  setsid ();
+#  else
+  /* Put us in our own process group. */
+  EMACS_SEPARATE_PROCESS_GROUP ();
+#    if defined (TIOCNOTTY)
+  /* This is the older way of disconnecting the controlling
+     terminal, on 4.3 BSD.  We must open /dev/tty; using
+     filedesc 0 is not sufficient because it could be
+     something else (e.g. our stdin was redirected to
+     another terminal).
+     */
+  {
+    int j = open ("/dev/tty", O_RDWR, 0);
+    ioctl (j, TIOCNOTTY, 0);
+    close (j);
+  }
+#    endif /* TIOCNOTTY */
+  /*
+     On systems without TIOCNOTTY and without
+     setsid(), we don't need to do anything more to
+     disconnect our controlling terminal.  Here is
+     what the man page for termio(7) from a SYSV 3.2
+     system says:
+     
+     "The first terminal file opened by the process group leader
+     of a terminal file not already associated with a process
+     group becomes the control terminal for that process group.
+     The control terminal plays a special role in handling quit
+     and interrupt signals, as discussed below.  The control
+     terminal is inherited by a child process during a fork(2).
+     A process can break this association by changing its process
+     group using setpgrp(2)."
+     
+     */
+#  endif /* not HAVE_SETSID */
+}
+
+
+/* ------------------------------------------------------ */
+/*        Getting and setting emacs_tty structures        */
+/* ------------------------------------------------------ */
+
+/* Set *TC to the parameters associated with the terminal FD.
+   Return zero if all's well, or -1 if we ran into an error we
+   couldn't deal with.  */
+int
+emacs_get_tty (int fd, struct emacs_tty *settings)
+{
+  /* Retrieve the primary parameters - baud rate, character size, etcetera.  */
+#ifdef HAVE_TCATTR
+  /* We have those nifty POSIX tcmumbleattr functions.  */
+  if (tcgetattr (fd, &settings->main) < 0)
+    return -1;
+
+#else
+#ifdef HAVE_TERMIO
+  /* The SYSV-style interface?  */
+  if (ioctl (fd, TCGETA, &settings->main) < 0)
+    return -1;
+
+#else
+#ifdef VMS
+  /* Vehemently Monstrous System?  :-)  */
+  if (! (SYS$QIOW (0, fd, IO$_SENSEMODE, settings, 0, 0,
+		   &settings->main.class, 12, 0, 0, 0, 0)
+	 & 1))
+    return -1;
+
+#else
+#ifndef MSDOS
+  /* I give up - I hope you have the BSD ioctls.  */
+  if (ioctl (fd, TIOCGETP, &settings->main) < 0)
+    return -1;
+#endif /* not MSDOS */
+#endif /* not VMS */
+#endif /* HAVE_TERMIO */
+#endif /* HAVE_TCATTR */
+
+  /* Suivant - Do we have to get struct ltchars data?  */
+#ifdef HAVE_LTCHARS
+  if (ioctl (fd, TIOCGLTC, &settings->ltchars) < 0)
+    return -1;
+#endif
+
+  /* How about a struct tchars and a wordful of lmode bits?  */
+#ifdef HAVE_TCHARS
+  if (ioctl (fd, TIOCGETC, &settings->tchars) < 0
+      || ioctl (fd, TIOCLGET, &settings->lmode) < 0)
+    return -1;
+#endif
+
+  /* We have survived the tempest.  */
+  return 0;
+}
+
+/* Set the parameters of the tty on FD according to the contents of
+   *SETTINGS.  If FLUSHP is non-zero, we discard input.
+   Return 0 if all went well, and -1 if anything failed.  */
+
+int
+emacs_set_tty (int fd, struct emacs_tty *settings, int flushp)
+{
+  /* Set the primary parameters - baud rate, character size, etcetera.  */
+#ifdef HAVE_TCATTR
+  int i;
+  /* We have those nifty POSIX tcmumbleattr functions.
+     William J. Smith <wjs@wiis.wang.com> writes:
+     "POSIX 1003.1 defines tcsetattr() to return success if it was
+     able to perform any of the requested actions, even if some
+     of the requested actions could not be performed.
+     We must read settings back to ensure tty setup properly.
+     AIX requires this to keep tty from hanging occasionally."  */
+  /* This makes sure that we don't loop indefinitely in here.  */
+  for (i = 0 ; i < 10 ; i++)
+    if (tcsetattr (fd, flushp ? TCSAFLUSH : TCSADRAIN, &settings->main) < 0)
+      {
+	if (errno == EINTR)
+	  continue;
+	else
+	  return -1;
+      }
+    else
+      {
+	struct termios new;
+
+	/* Get the current settings, and see if they're what we asked for.  */
+	tcgetattr (fd, &new);
+	/* We cannot use memcmp on the whole structure here because under
+	 * aix386 the termios structure has some reserved field that may
+	 * not be filled in.
+	 */
+	if (   new.c_iflag == settings->main.c_iflag
+	    && new.c_oflag == settings->main.c_oflag
+	    && new.c_cflag == settings->main.c_cflag
+	    && new.c_lflag == settings->main.c_lflag
+	    && memcmp(new.c_cc, settings->main.c_cc, NCCS) == 0)
+	  break;
+	else
+	  continue;
+      }
+#else
+#ifdef HAVE_TERMIO
+  /* The SYSV-style interface?  */
+  if (ioctl (fd, flushp ? TCSETAF : TCSETAW, &settings->main) < 0)
+    return -1;
+
+#else
+#ifdef VMS
+  /* Vehemently Monstrous System?  :-)  */
+  if (! (SYS$QIOW (0, fd, IO$_SETMODE, &input_iosb, 0, 0,
+		   &settings->main.class, 12, 0, 0, 0, 0)
+	 & 1))
+    return -1;
+
+#else
+#ifndef MSDOS
+  /* I give up - I hope you have the BSD ioctls.  */
+  if (ioctl (fd, (flushp) ? TIOCSETP : TIOCSETN, &settings->main) < 0)
+    return -1;
+#endif /* not MSDOS */
+#endif /* VMS */
+#endif /* HAVE_TERMIO */
+#endif /* HAVE_TCATTR */
+
+  /* Suivant - Do we have to get struct ltchars data?  */
+#ifdef HAVE_LTCHARS
+  if (ioctl (fd, TIOCSLTC, &settings->ltchars) < 0)
+    return -1;
+#endif
+
+  /* How about a struct tchars and a wordful of lmode bits?  */
+#ifdef HAVE_TCHARS
+  if (ioctl (fd, TIOCSETC, &settings->tchars) < 0
+      || ioctl (fd, TIOCLSET, &settings->lmode) < 0)
+    return -1;
+#endif
+  
+  /* We have survived the tempest.  */
+  return 0;
+}
+
+
+/* ------------------------------------------------------ */
+/*                 Initializing a device                  */
+/* ------------------------------------------------------ */
+
+#ifdef HAVE_TTY
+
+/* This may also be defined in stdio,
+   but if so, this does no harm,
+   and using the same name avoids wasting the other one's space.  */
+
+#if ((defined(USG) || defined(DGUX)) && !defined(__STDC__))
+char _sobuf[BUFSIZ+8];
+#elif (defined(USG) && !defined(LINUX) && !defined(_SCO_DS)) || defined(IRIX5)
+extern unsigned char _sobuf[BUFSIZ+8];
+#else
+char _sobuf[BUFSIZ];
+#endif
+ 
+#if defined (TIOCGLTC) && defined (HAVE_LTCHARS) /* HAVE_LTCHARS */
+static struct ltchars new_ltchars = {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1};
+#endif
+#ifdef TIOCGETC /* HAVE_TCHARS */
+#ifdef HAVE_TCHARS
+static struct tchars new_tchars = {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1};
+#endif
+#endif 
+
+static void
+tty_init_sys_modes_on_device (struct device *d)
+{
+  struct emacs_tty tty;
+  int input_fd, output_fd;
+  struct console *con = XCONSOLE (DEVICE_CONSOLE (d));
+
+  input_fd = CONSOLE_TTY_DATA (con)->infd;
+  output_fd = CONSOLE_TTY_DATA (con)->outfd;
+
+  EMACS_GET_TTY (input_fd, &CONSOLE_TTY_DATA (con)->old_tty);
+  tty = CONSOLE_TTY_DATA (con)->old_tty;
+
+#if defined (HAVE_TERMIO) || defined (HAVE_TERMIOS)
+#ifdef DGUX
+  /* This allows meta to be sent on 8th bit.  */
+  tty.main.c_iflag &= ~INPCK;	/* don't check input for parity */
+#endif
+  tty.main.c_iflag |= (IGNBRK);	/* Ignore break condition */
+  tty.main.c_iflag &= ~ICRNL;	/* Disable map of CR to NL on input */
+#ifdef ISTRIP
+  tty.main.c_iflag &= ~ISTRIP;	/* don't strip 8th bit on input */
+#endif
+  tty.main.c_lflag &= ~ECHO;	/* Disable echo */
+  tty.main.c_lflag &= ~ICANON;	/* Disable erase/kill processing */
+#ifdef IEXTEN
+  tty.main.c_lflag &= ~IEXTEN;	/* Disable other editing characters.  */
+#endif
+  tty.main.c_lflag |= ISIG;	/* Enable signals */
+  if (TTY_FLAGS (con).flow_control)
+    {
+      tty.main.c_iflag |= IXON;	/* Enable start/stop output control */
+#ifdef IXANY
+      tty.main.c_iflag &= ~IXANY;
+#endif /* IXANY */
+    }
+  else
+    tty.main.c_iflag &= ~IXON;	/* Disable start/stop output control */
+  tty.main.c_oflag &= ~ONLCR;	/* Disable map of NL to CR-NL 
+				   on output */
+  tty.main.c_oflag &= ~TAB3;	/* Disable tab expansion */
+#ifdef CS8
+  if (TTY_FLAGS (con).meta_key)
+    {
+      tty.main.c_cflag |= CS8;	/* allow 8th bit on input */
+      tty.main.c_cflag &= ~PARENB;/* Don't check parity */
+    }
+#endif
+  if (CONSOLE_TTY_DATA (con)->controlling_terminal)
+    {
+      tty.main.c_cc[VINTR] =
+	CONSOLE_QUIT_CHAR (con); /* C-g (usually) gives SIGINT */
+      /* Set up C-g for both SIGQUIT and SIGINT.
+	 We don't know which we will get, but we handle both alike
+	 so which one it really gives us does not matter.  */
+      tty.main.c_cc[VQUIT] = CONSOLE_QUIT_CHAR (con);
+    }
+  else
+    {
+      tty.main.c_cc[VINTR] = CDISABLE;
+      tty.main.c_cc[VQUIT] = CDISABLE;
+    }
+  tty.main.c_cc[VMIN] = 1;	/* Input should wait for at
+				   least 1 char */
+  tty.main.c_cc[VTIME] = 0;	/* no matter how long that takes.  */
+#ifdef VSWTCH
+  tty.main.c_cc[VSWTCH] = CDISABLE;	/* Turn off shell layering use
+					   of C-z */
+#endif /* VSWTCH */
+  /* There was some conditionalizing here on (mips or TCATTR), but
+     I think that's wrong.  There was one report of C-y (DSUSP) not being
+     disabled on HP9000s700 systems, and this might fix it. */
+#ifdef VSUSP
+  tty.main.c_cc[VSUSP] = CDISABLE;/* Turn off mips handling of C-z.  */
+#endif /* VSUSP */
+#ifdef V_DSUSP
+  tty.main.c_cc[V_DSUSP] = CDISABLE; /* Turn off mips handling of C-y.  */
+#endif /* V_DSUSP */
+#ifdef VDSUSP /* Some systems have VDSUSP, some have V_DSUSP.  */
+  tty.main.c_cc[VDSUSP] = CDISABLE;
+#endif /* VDSUSP */
+#ifdef VLNEXT
+  tty.main.c_cc[VLNEXT] = CDISABLE;
+#endif /* VLNEXT */
+#ifdef VREPRINT
+  tty.main.c_cc[VREPRINT] = CDISABLE;
+#endif /* VREPRINT */
+#ifdef VWERASE
+  tty.main.c_cc[VWERASE] = CDISABLE;
+#endif /* VWERASE */
+#ifdef VDISCARD
+  tty.main.c_cc[VDISCARD] = CDISABLE;
+#endif /* VDISCARD */
+#ifdef VSTART
+  tty.main.c_cc[VSTART] = CDISABLE;
+#endif /* VSTART */
+#ifdef VSTRT
+  tty.main.c_cc[VSTRT] = CDISABLE; /* called VSTRT on some systems */
+#endif /* VSTART */
+#ifdef VSTOP
+  tty.main.c_cc[VSTOP] = CDISABLE;
+#endif /* VSTOP */
+#ifdef SET_LINE_DISCIPLINE
+  /* Need to explicitely request TERMIODISC line discipline or
+     Ultrix's termios does not work correctly.  */
+  tty.main.c_line = SET_LINE_DISCIPLINE;
+#endif
+  
+#ifdef AIX
+#ifndef IBMR2AIX
+  /* AIX enhanced edit loses NULs, so disable it. */
+  tty.main.c_line = 0;
+  tty.main.c_iflag &= ~ASCEDIT;
+#else
+  tty.main.c_cc[VSTRT] = 255;
+  tty.main.c_cc[VSTOP] = 255;
+  tty.main.c_cc[VSUSP] = 255;
+  tty.main.c_cc[VDSUSP] = 255;
+#endif /* IBMR2AIX */
+  /* Also, PTY overloads NUL and BREAK.
+     don't ignore break, but don't signal either, so it looks like NUL.
+     This really serves a purpose only if running in an XTERM window
+     or via TELNET or the like, but does no harm elsewhere.  */
+  tty.main.c_iflag &= ~IGNBRK;
+  tty.main.c_iflag &= ~BRKINT;
+#endif /* AIX */
+#else /* if not HAVE_TERMIO */
+#ifndef MSDOS
+  tty.main.sg_flags &= ~(ECHO | CRMOD | XTABS);
+  if (TTY_FLAGS (con).meta_key)
+    tty.main.sg_flags |= ANYP;
+  /* #### should we be using RAW mode here? */
+  tty.main.sg_flags |= /* interrupt_input ? RAW : */ CBREAK;
+#endif /* not MSDOS */
+#endif /* not HAVE_TERMIO */
+  
+  /* If going to use CBREAK mode, we must request C-g to interrupt
+     and turn off start and stop chars, etc.  If not going to use
+     CBREAK mode, do this anyway so as to turn off local flow
+     control for user coming over network on 4.2; in this case,
+     only t_stopc and t_startc really matter.  */
+#ifndef HAVE_TERMIO
+#ifdef HAVE_TCHARS
+  /* Note: if not using CBREAK mode, it makes no difference how we
+     set this */
+  tty.tchars = new_tchars;
+  tty.tchars.t_intrc = CONSOLE_QUIT_CHAR (con);
+  if (TTY_FLAGS (con).flow_control)
+    {
+      tty.tchars.t_startc = '\021';
+      tty.tchars.t_stopc = '\023';
+    }
+  
+  tty.lmode = LDECCTQ | LLITOUT | LPASS8 | LNOFLSH |
+    CONSOLE_TTY_DATA (con)->old_tty.lmode;
+  
+#if defined (ultrix) || defined (__bsdi__)
+  /* Under Ultrix 4.2a, leaving this out doesn't seem to hurt
+     anything, and leaving it in breaks the meta key.  Go figure.  */
+  /* Turning off ONLCR is enough under BSD/386.  Leave the general
+     output post-processing flag alone since for some reason it
+     doesn't get reset after XEmacs goes away. */
+  tty.lmode &= ~LLITOUT;
+#endif
+  
+#endif /* HAVE_TCHARS */
+#endif /* not HAVE_TERMIO */
+  
+#ifdef HAVE_LTCHARS
+  tty.ltchars = new_ltchars;
+#endif /* HAVE_LTCHARS */
+#ifdef MSDOS
+  internal_terminal_init ();
+  dos_ttraw ();
+#endif
+  
+  EMACS_SET_TTY (input_fd, &tty, 0);
+  
+  /* This code added to insure that, if flow-control is not to be used,
+     we have an unlocked terminal at the start. */
+  
+#ifdef TCXONC
+  if (!TTY_FLAGS (con).flow_control) ioctl (input_fd, TCXONC, 1);
+#endif
+#ifndef APOLLO
+#ifdef TIOCSTART
+  if (!TTY_FLAGS (con).flow_control) ioctl (input_fd, TIOCSTART, 0);
+#endif
+#endif
+  
+#if defined (HAVE_TERMIOS) || defined (HPUX9)
+#ifdef TCOON
+  if (!TTY_FLAGS (con).flow_control) tcflow (input_fd, TCOON);
+#endif
+#endif
+#ifdef AIXHFT
+  hft_init (con);
+#ifdef IBMR2AIX
+  {
+    /* IBM's HFT device usually thinks a ^J should be LF/CR.
+       We need it to be only LF.  This is the way that is
+       done. */
+    struct termio tty;
+    
+    if (ioctl (output_fd, HFTGETID, &tty) != -1)
+      write (output_fd, "\033[20l", 5);
+  }
+#endif
+#endif
+
+#ifdef VMS
+  /*  Appears to do nothing when in PASTHRU mode.
+      SYS$QIOW (0, input_fd, IO$_SETMODE|IO$M_OUTBAND, 0, 0, 0,
+      interrupt_signal, oob_chars, 0, 0, 0, 0);
+      */
+  queue_kbd_input (0);
+#endif /* VMS */
+
+#if 0 /* We do our own buffering with lstreams. */
+#ifdef _IOFBF
+  /* This symbol is defined on recent USG systems.
+     Someone says without this call USG won't really buffer the file
+     even with a call to setbuf. */
+  setvbuf (CONSOLE_TTY_DATA (con)->outfd, (char *) _sobuf, _IOFBF, sizeof _sobuf);
+#else
+  setbuf (CONSOLE_TTY_DATA (con)->outfd, (char *) _sobuf);
+#endif
+#endif
+  set_tty_modes (con);
+}
+
+#endif /* HAVE_TTY */
+
+void
+init_one_device (struct device *d)
+{
+#ifdef HAVE_TTY
+  if (DEVICE_TTY_P (d))
+    tty_init_sys_modes_on_device (d);
+#endif
+#ifdef SIGIO
+  if (!DEVICE_STREAM_P (d))
+    {
+      init_sigio_on_device (d);
+      request_sigio_on_device (d);
+    }
+#endif
+}
+
+void
+init_one_console (struct console *con)
+{
+  Lisp_Object devcons;
+
+  CONSOLE_DEVICE_LOOP (devcons, con)
+    {
+      struct device *d = XDEVICE (XCAR (devcons));
+      
+      init_one_device (d);
+    }
+}
+
+void
+reinit_initial_console (void)
+{
+  munge_process_groups ();
+  if (CONSOLEP (Vcontrolling_terminal) &&
+      CONSOLE_LIVE_P (XCONSOLE (Vcontrolling_terminal)))
+    init_one_console (XCONSOLE (Vcontrolling_terminal));
+}
+
+
+/* ------------------------------------------------------ */
+/*                   Other TTY functions                  */
+/* ------------------------------------------------------ */
+
+#ifdef HAVE_TTY
+
+#if 0 /* not currently used */
+
+/* Return nonzero if safe to use tabs in output.
+   At the time this is called, init_sys_modes has not been done yet.  */
+   
+int
+tabs_safe_p (struct device *d)
+{
+#ifdef HAVE_TTY
+  if (DEVICE_TTY_P (d))
+    {
+      struct emacs_tty tty;
+      
+      EMACS_GET_TTY (DEVICE_INFD (d), &tty);
+      return EMACS_TTY_TABS_OK (&tty);
+    }
+#endif
+  return 1;
+}
+
+#endif /* 0 */
+
+/* Get terminal size from system.
+   Store number of lines into *heightp and width into *widthp.
+   If zero or a negative number is stored, the value is not valid.  */
+
+void
+get_tty_device_size (struct device *d, int *widthp, int *heightp)
+{
+  int input_fd = DEVICE_INFD (d);
+
+  assert (DEVICE_TTY_P (d));
+
+#ifdef TIOCGWINSZ
+  {
+    /* BSD-style.  */
+    struct winsize size;
+    
+    if (ioctl (input_fd, TIOCGWINSZ, &size) == -1)
+      *widthp = *heightp = 0;
+    else
+      {
+	*widthp = size.ws_col;
+	*heightp = size.ws_row;
+      }
+  }
+#else
+#ifdef TIOCGSIZE
+  {
+    /* SunOS - style.  */
+    struct ttysize size;  
+    
+    if (ioctl (input_fd, TIOCGSIZE, &size) == -1)
+      *widthp = *heightp = 0;
+    else
+      {
+	*widthp = size.ts_cols;
+	*heightp = size.ts_lines;
+      }
+  }
+#else
+#ifdef VMS
+  {
+    struct vms_sensemode tty;
+    
+    SYS$QIOW (0, input_fd, IO$_SENSEMODE, &tty, 0, 0,
+	      &tty.class, 12, 0, 0, 0, 0);
+    *widthp = tty.scr_wid;
+    *heightp = tty.scr_len;
+  }
+#else
+#ifdef MSDOS
+
+  *widthp = FrameCols ();
+  *heightp = FrameRows ();
+
+#else /* system doesn't know size */
+
+  *widthp = 0;
+  *heightp = 0;
+
+#endif /* not MSDOS */
+#endif /* not VMS */
+#endif /* not SunOS-style */
+#endif /* not BSD-style */
+}
+
+#endif /* HAVE_TTY */
+
+
+/* ------------------------------------------------------ */
+/*                   Is device 8 bit ?			  */
+/* ------------------------------------------------------ */
+
+#ifdef HAVE_TTY
+
+int
+eight_bit_tty (struct device *d)
+{
+  struct emacs_tty s;
+  int input_fd;
+  int eight_bit = 0;
+
+  assert (DEVICE_TTY_P (d));
+  input_fd = DEVICE_INFD (d);
+
+  EMACS_GET_TTY (input_fd, &s);
+
+#if defined (HAVE_TERMIO) || defined (HAVE_TERMIOS)
+  eight_bit = (s.main.c_cflag & CSIZE) == CS8;
+#else
+  eight_bit = 0;	/* I don't know how to do it */
+#endif
+  return eight_bit;
+}
+
+#endif /* HAVE_TTY */
+
+
+/* ------------------------------------------------------ */
+/*                   Resetting a device                   */
+/* ------------------------------------------------------ */
+
+#ifdef HAVE_TTY
+
+/* Prepare the terminal for exiting Emacs; move the cursor to the
+   bottom of the frame, turn off interrupt-driven I/O, etc.  */
+static void
+tty_reset_sys_modes_on_device (struct device *d)
+{
+  int input_fd, output_fd;
+  struct console *con = XCONSOLE (DEVICE_CONSOLE (d));
+
+  input_fd = CONSOLE_TTY_DATA (con)->infd;
+  output_fd = CONSOLE_TTY_DATA (con)->outfd;
+
+#if defined (IBMR2AIX) && defined (AIXHFT)
+  {
+    /* HFT consoles normally use ^J as a LF/CR.  We forced it to 
+       do the LF only.  Now, we need to reset it. */
+    struct termio tty;
+    
+    if (ioctl (output_fd, HFTGETID, &tty) != -1)
+      write (output_fd, "\033[20h", 5);
+  }
+#endif
+
+  tty_redisplay_shutdown (con);
+  /* reset_tty_modes() flushes the connection at its end. */
+  reset_tty_modes (con);
+  
+#if defined (BSD)
+  /* Avoid possible loss of output when changing terminal modes.  */
+  fsync (output_fd);
+#endif
+
+  while (EMACS_SET_TTY (input_fd, &CONSOLE_TTY_DATA (con)->old_tty, 0)
+	 < 0 && errno == EINTR)
+    ;
+  
+#ifdef MSDOS
+  dos_ttcooked ();
+#endif
+  
+#ifdef SET_LINE_DISCIPLINE
+  /* Ultrix's termios *ignores* any line discipline except TERMIODISC.
+     A different old line discipline is therefore not restored, yet.
+     Restore the old line discipline by hand.  */
+  ioctl (input_fd, TIOCSETD, &old_tty.main.c_line);
+#endif
+
+#ifdef AIXHFT
+  hft_reset (con);
+#endif
+
+#ifdef VMS
+  stop_vms_input (con);
+#endif
+}
+
+#endif /* HAVE_TTY */
+
+void
+reset_one_device (struct device *d)
+{
+#ifdef HAVE_TTY
+  if (DEVICE_TTY_P (d))
+    tty_reset_sys_modes_on_device (d);
+  else
+#endif
+  if (DEVICE_STREAM_P (d))
+    fflush (CONSOLE_STREAM_DATA (XCONSOLE (DEVICE_CONSOLE (d)))->outfd);
+#ifdef SIGIO
+  if (!DEVICE_STREAM_P (d))
+    {
+      unrequest_sigio_on_device (d);
+      reset_sigio_on_device (d);
+    }
+#endif
+}
+
+void
+reset_one_console (struct console *con)
+{
+  /* Note: this can be called during GC. */
+  Lisp_Object devcons;
+
+  CONSOLE_DEVICE_LOOP (devcons, con)
+    {
+      struct device *d = XDEVICE (XCAR (devcons));
+      
+      reset_one_device (d);
+    }
+}
+
+void
+reset_all_consoles (void)
+{
+  /* Note: this can be called during GC. */
+  Lisp_Object concons;
+
+  CONSOLE_LOOP (concons)
+    {
+      struct console *con = XCONSOLE (XCAR (concons));
+      
+      reset_one_console (con);
+    }
+
+  unmunge_process_groups ();
+}
+
+void
+reset_initial_console (void)
+{
+  if (CONSOLEP (Vcontrolling_terminal) &&
+      CONSOLE_LIVE_P (XCONSOLE (Vcontrolling_terminal)))
+    reset_one_console (XCONSOLE (Vcontrolling_terminal));
+  unmunge_process_groups ();
+}
+
+
+/* ------------------------------------------------------ */
+/*                 extra TTY stuff under AIX              */
+/* ------------------------------------------------------ */
+
+#ifdef AIXHFT
+
+/* Called from init_sys_modes.  */
+static void
+hft_init (struct console *con)
+{
+  int junk;
+  int input_fd;
+
+  assert (CONSOLE_TTY_P (con));
+  input_fd = CONSOLE_TTY_DATA (con)->infd;
+
+  /* If we're not on an HFT we shouldn't do any of this.  We determine
+     if we are on an HFT by trying to get an HFT error code.  If this
+     call fails, we're not on an HFT. */ 
+#ifdef IBMR2AIX
+  if (ioctl (input_fd, HFQERROR, &junk) < 0)
+    return;
+#else /* not IBMR2AIX */
+  if (ioctl (input_fd, HFQEIO, 0) < 0)
+    return;
+#endif /* not IBMR2AIX */
+
+  /* On AIX the default hft keyboard mapping uses backspace rather than delete
+     as the rubout key's ASCII code.  Here this is changed.  The bug is that
+     there's no way to determine the old mapping, so in reset_one_console
+     we need to assume that the normal map had been present.  Of course, this
+     code also doesn't help if on a terminal emulator which doesn't understand
+     HFT VTD's. */
+  {
+    struct hfbuf buf;
+    struct hfkeymap keymap;
+
+    buf.hf_bufp = (char *)&keymap;
+    buf.hf_buflen = sizeof (keymap);
+    keymap.hf_nkeys = 2;
+    keymap.hfkey[0].hf_kpos = 15;
+    keymap.hfkey[0].hf_kstate = HFMAPCHAR | HFSHFNONE;
+#ifdef IBMR2AIX
+    keymap.hfkey[0].hf_keyidh = '<';
+#else /* not IBMR2AIX */
+    keymap.hfkey[0].hf_page = '<';
+#endif /* not IBMR2AIX */
+    keymap.hfkey[0].hf_char = 127;
+    keymap.hfkey[1].hf_kpos = 15;
+    keymap.hfkey[1].hf_kstate = HFMAPCHAR | HFSHFSHFT;
+#ifdef IBMR2AIX
+    keymap.hfkey[1].hf_keyidh = '<';
+#else /* not IBMR2AIX */
+    keymap.hfkey[1].hf_page = '<';
+#endif /* not IBMR2AIX */
+    keymap.hfkey[1].hf_char = 127;
+    hftctl (input_fd, HFSKBD, &buf);
+  }
+  /* #### Should probably set a console TTY flag here. */
+#if 0
+  /* The HFT system on AIX doesn't optimize for scrolling, so it's really ugly
+     at times. */
+  line_ins_del_ok = char_ins_del_ok = 0;
+#endif /* 0 */
+}
+
+/* Reset the rubout key to backspace. */
+
+static void
+hft_reset (struct console *con)
+{
+  struct hfbuf buf;
+  struct hfkeymap keymap;
+  int junk;
+  int input_fd;
+
+  assert (CONSOLE_TTY_P (con));
+  input_fd = CONSOLE_TTY_DATA (con)->infd;
+
+#ifdef IBMR2AIX
+  if (ioctl (input_fd, HFQERROR, &junk) < 0)
+    return;
+#else /* not IBMR2AIX */
+  if (ioctl (input_fd, HFQEIO, 0) < 0)
+    return;
+#endif /* not IBMR2AIX */
+
+  buf.hf_bufp = (char *)&keymap;
+  buf.hf_buflen = sizeof (keymap);
+  keymap.hf_nkeys = 2;
+  keymap.hfkey[0].hf_kpos = 15;
+  keymap.hfkey[0].hf_kstate = HFMAPCHAR | HFSHFNONE;
+#ifdef IBMR2AIX
+  keymap.hfkey[0].hf_keyidh = '<';
+#else /* not IBMR2AIX */
+  keymap.hfkey[0].hf_page = '<';
+#endif /* not IBMR2AIX */
+  keymap.hfkey[0].hf_char = 8;
+  keymap.hfkey[1].hf_kpos = 15;
+  keymap.hfkey[1].hf_kstate = HFMAPCHAR | HFSHFSHFT;
+#ifdef IBMR2AIX
+  keymap.hfkey[1].hf_keyidh = '<';
+#else /* not IBMR2AIX */
+  keymap.hfkey[1].hf_page = '<';
+#endif /* not IBMR2AIX */
+  keymap.hfkey[1].hf_char = 8;
+  hftctl (input_fd, HFSKBD, &buf);
+}
+
+#endif /* AIXHFT */
+
+
+/* ------------------------------------------------------ */
+/*                   TTY stuff under VMS                  */
+/* ------------------------------------------------------ */
+
+/***** #### this is all broken ****/
+
+#ifdef VMS
+
+/* Assigning an input channel is done at the start of Emacs execution.
+   This is called each time Emacs is resumed, also, but does nothing
+   because input_chain is no longer zero.  */
+
+void
+init_vms_input (void)
+{
+  /* #### broken. */
+  int status;
+  
+  if (input_fd == 0)
+    {
+      status = SYS$ASSIGN (&vms_input_dsc, &input_fd, 0, 0);
+      if (! (status & 1))
+	LIB$STOP (status);
+    }
+}
+
+/* Deassigning the input channel is done before exiting.  */
+
+static void
+stop_vms_input (struct console *con)
+{
+  int input_fd = CONSOLE_TTY_DATA (con)->infd;
+  return SYS$DASSGN (input_fd);
+}
+
+static short vms_input_buffer;
+
+/* Request reading one character into the keyboard buffer.
+   This is done as soon as the buffer becomes empty.  */
+
+static void
+queue_vms_kbd_input (struct console *con)
+{
+  int input_fd = CONSOLE_TTY_DATA (con)->infd;
+  int status;
+  vms_waiting_for_ast = 0;
+  vms_stop_input = 0;
+  status = SYS$QIO (0, input_fd, IO$_READVBLK,
+		    &vms_input_iosb, vms_kbd_input_ast, 1,
+		    &vms_input_buffer, 1, 0, vms_terminator_mask, 0, 0);
+}
+
+static int vms_input_count;
+
+/* Ast routine that is called when keyboard input comes in
+   in accord with the SYS$QIO above.  */
+
+static void
+vms_kbd_input_ast (struct console *con)
+{
+  int c = -1;
+  int old_errno = errno;
+  extern EMACS_TIME *input_available_clear_time;
+
+  if (vms_waiting_for_ast)
+    SYS$SETEF (vms_input_ef);
+  vms_waiting_for_ast = 0;
+  vms_input_count++;
+#ifdef ASTDEBUG
+  if (vms_input_count == 25)
+    exit (1);
+  printf ("Ast # %d,", vms_input_count);
+  printf (" iosb = %x, %x, %x, %x",
+	  vms_input_iosb.offset, vms_input_iosb.status, 
+          vms_input_iosb.termlen, vms_input_iosb.term);
+#endif
+  if (vms_input_iosb.offset)
+    {
+      c = vms_input_buffer;
+#ifdef ASTDEBUG
+      printf (", char = 0%o", c);
+#endif
+    }
+#ifdef ASTDEBUG
+  printf ("\n");
+  fflush (stdout);
+  emacs_sleep (1);
+#endif
+  if (! vms_stop_input)
+    queue_vms_kbd_input (con);
+  if (c >= 0)
+    kbd_buffer_store_char (c);
+
+  if (input_available_clear_time)
+    EMACS_SET_SECS_USECS (*input_available_clear_time, 0, 0);
+  errno = old_errno;
+}
+
+#if 0 /* Unused */
+/* Wait until there is something in kbd_buffer.  */
+
+void
+vms_wait_for_kbd_input (void)
+{
+  /* This function can GC */
+  extern int have_process_input, process_exited;
+
+  /* If already something, avoid doing system calls.  */
+  if (detect_input_pending (0))
+    {
+      return;
+    }
+  /* Clear a flag, and tell ast routine above to set it.  */
+  SYS$CLREF (vms_input_ef);
+  vms_waiting_for_ast = 1;
+  /* Check for timing error: ast happened while we were doing that.  */
+  if (!detect_input_pending (0))
+    {
+      /* No timing error: wait for flag to be set.  */
+      set_waiting_for_input (0);
+      SYS$WFLOR (vms_input_ef, vms_input_eflist);
+      clear_waiting_for_input (0);
+      if (!detect_input_pending (0))
+	/* Check for subprocess input availability */
+	{
+	  int dsp = have_process_input || process_exited;
+
+	  SYS$CLREF (vms_process_ef);
+	  if (have_process_input)
+	    process_command_input ();
+	  if (process_exited)
+	    process_exit ();
+	  if (dsp)
+	    {
+	      MARK_MODELINE_CHANGED;
+	      redisplay ();
+	    }
+	}
+    }
+  vms_waiting_for_ast = 0;
+}
+#endif
+
+/* Get rid of any pending QIO, when we are about to suspend
+   or when we want to throw away pending input.
+   We wait for a positive sign that the AST routine has run
+   and therefore there is no I/O request queued when we return.
+   SYS$SETAST is used to avoid a timing error.  */
+
+static void
+vms_end_kbd_input (struct console *con)
+{
+  int input_fd;
+
+  assert (CONSOLE_TTY_P (con));
+  input_fd = CONSOLE_TTY_DATA (con)->infd;
+#ifdef ASTDEBUG
+  printf ("At end_kbd_input.\n");
+  fflush (stdout);
+  emacs_sleep (1);
+#endif
+  if (LIB$AST_IN_PROG ())  /* Don't wait if suspending from kbd_buffer_store_char! */
+    {
+      SYS$CANCEL (input_fd);
+      return;
+    }
+
+  SYS$SETAST (0);
+  /* Clear a flag, and tell ast routine above to set it.  */
+  SYS$CLREF (vms_input_ef);
+  vms_waiting_for_ast = 1;
+  vms_stop_input = 1;
+  SYS$CANCEL (input_fd);
+  SYS$SETAST (1);
+  SYS$WAITFR (vms_input_ef);
+  vms_waiting_for_ast = 0;
+}
+
+#if 0 /* Unused */
+/* Wait for either input available or time interval expiry.  */
+
+void
+vms_input_wait_timeout (int timeval) /* Time to wait, in seconds */
+{
+  int time [2];
+  static int zero = 0;
+  static int large = -10000000;
+
+  LIB$EMUL (&timeval, &large, &zero, time); 	  /* Convert to VMS format */
+
+  /* If already something, avoid doing system calls.  */
+  if (detect_input_pending (0))
+    {
+      return;
+    }
+  /* Clear a flag, and tell ast routine above to set it.  */
+  SYS$CLREF (vms_input_ef);
+  vms_waiting_for_ast = 1;
+  /* Check for timing error: ast happened while we were doing that.  */
+  if (!detect_input_pending (0))
+    {
+      /* No timing error: wait for flag to be set.  */
+      SYS$CANTIM (1, 0);
+      if (SYS$SETIMR (vms_timer_ef, time, 0, 1) & 1) /* Set timer */
+	SYS$WFLOR (vms_timer_ef, vms_timer_eflist);  /* Wait for timer expiry or input */
+    }
+  vms_waiting_for_ast = 0;
+}
+#endif /* 0 */
+
+#endif /* VMS */
+
+
+/************************************************************************/
+/*                    limits of text/data segments                      */
+/************************************************************************/
+
+/* Note that VMS compiler won't accept defined (CANNOT_DUMP).  */
+#ifndef CANNOT_DUMP
+#define NEED_STARTS
+#endif
+
+#ifndef SYSTEM_MALLOC
+#ifndef NEED_STARTS
+#define NEED_STARTS
+#endif
+#endif
+
+#ifdef NEED_STARTS
+/* Some systems that cannot dump also cannot implement these.  */
+
+/*
+ *	Return the address of the start of the text segment prior to
+ *	doing an unexec.  After unexec the return value is undefined.
+ *	See crt0.c for further explanation and _start.
+ *
+ */
+
+#ifndef HAVE_TEXT_START
+char *
+start_of_text (void)
+{
+#ifdef TEXT_START
+  return ((char *) TEXT_START);
+#else
+#ifdef GOULD
+  extern csrt ();
+  return ((char *) csrt);
+#else /* not GOULD */
+  extern int _start ();
+  return ((char *) _start);
+#endif /* GOULD */
+#endif /* TEXT_START */
+}
+#endif /* not HAVE_TEXT_START */
+
+/*
+ *	Return the address of the start of the data segment prior to
+ *	doing an unexec.  After unexec the return value is undefined.
+ *	See crt0.c for further information and definition of data_start.
+ *
+ *	Apparently, on BSD systems this is etext at startup.  On
+ *	USG systems (swapping) this is highly mmu dependent and
+ *	is also dependent on whether or not the program is running
+ *	with shared text.  Generally there is a (possibly large)
+ *	gap between end of text and start of data with shared text.
+ *
+ *	On Uniplus+ systems with shared text, data starts at a
+ *	fixed address.  Each port (from a given oem) is generally
+ *	different, and the specific value of the start of data can
+ *	be obtained via the UniPlus+ specific "uvar" system call,
+ *	however the method outlined in crt0.c seems to be more portable.
+ *
+ *	Probably what will have to happen when a USG unexec is available,
+ *	at least on UniPlus, is temacs will have to be made unshared so
+ *	that text and data are contiguous.  Then once loadup is complete,
+ *	unexec will produce a shared executable where the data can be
+ *	at the normal shared text boundry and the startofdata variable
+ *	will be patched by unexec to the correct value.
+ *
+ */
+ 
+void *
+start_of_data (void)
+{
+#ifdef DATA_START
+  return ((char *) DATA_START);
+#else
+#ifdef ORDINARY_LINK
+  /*
+   * This is a hack.  Since we're not linking crt0.c or pre_crt0.c,
+   * data_start isn't defined.  We take the address of environ, which
+   * is known to live at or near the start of the system crt0.c, and
+   * we don't sweat the handful of bytes that might lose.
+   */
+  extern char **environ;
+
+  return((char *) &environ);
+#else
+  extern int data_start;
+  return ((char *) &data_start);
+#endif /* ORDINARY_LINK */
+#endif /* DATA_START */
+}
+#endif /* NEED_STARTS (not CANNOT_DUMP or not SYSTEM_MALLOC) */
+
+#ifndef CANNOT_DUMP
+/* Some systems that cannot dump also cannot implement these.  */
+
+/*
+ *	Return the address of the end of the text segment prior to
+ *	doing an unexec.  After unexec the return value is undefined.
+ */
+ 
+char *
+end_of_text (void)
+{
+#ifdef TEXT_END
+  return ((char *) TEXT_END);
+#else
+  extern int etext;
+  return ((char *) &etext);
+#endif
+}
+ 
+/*
+ *	Return the address of the end of the data segment prior to
+ *	doing an unexec.  After unexec the return value is undefined.
+ */
+
+char *
+end_of_data (void)
+{
+#ifdef DATA_END
+  return ((char *) DATA_END);
+#else
+  extern int edata;
+  return ((char *) &edata);
+#endif
+}
+
+#endif /* not CANNOT_DUMP */
+
+
+/************************************************************************/
+/*                          get the system name                         */
+/************************************************************************/
+
+/* init_system_name sets up the string for the Lisp function
+   system-name to return. */
+
+extern Lisp_Object Vsystem_name;
+
+#if defined (HAVE_SOCKETS) && !defined (VMS)
+# include <sys/socket.h>
+# include <netdb.h>
+#endif /* HAVE_SOCKETS and not VMS */
+
+void
+init_system_name (void)
+{
+#if defined (VMS)
+  char *sp, *end;
+  if ((sp = egetenv ("SYS$NODE")) == 0)
+    Vsystem_name = build_string ("vax-vms");
+  else if ((end = strchr (sp, ':')) == 0)
+    Vsystem_name = build_string (sp);
+  else
+    Vsystem_name = make_string ((Bufbyte *) sp, end - sp);
+#elif !defined (HAVE_GETHOSTNAME)
+  struct utsname uts;
+  uname (&uts);
+  Vsystem_name = build_string (uts.nodename);
+#else /* HAVE_GETHOSTNAME */
+  unsigned int hostname_size = 256;
+  char *hostname = (char *) alloca (hostname_size);
+
+  /* Try to get the host name; if the buffer is too short, try
+     again.  Apparently, the only indication gethostname gives of
+     whether the buffer was large enough is the presence or absence
+     of a '\0' in the string.  Eech.  */
+  for (;;)
+    {
+      gethostname (hostname, hostname_size - 1);
+      hostname[hostname_size - 1] = '\0';
+
+      /* Was the buffer large enough for the '\0'?  */
+      if (strlen (hostname) < (size_t) (hostname_size - 1))
+	break;
+
+      hostname_size <<= 1;
+      hostname = (char *) alloca (hostname_size);
+    }
+# ifdef HAVE_SOCKETS
+  /* Turn the hostname into the official, fully-qualified hostname.
+     Don't do this if we're going to dump; this can confuse system
+     libraries on some machines and make the dumped emacs core dump. */
+#  ifndef CANNOT_DUMP
+  if (initialized)
+#  endif /* not CANNOT_DUMP */
+    {
+      struct hostent *hp;
+      int count;
+#  ifdef TRY_AGAIN
+      for (count = 0; count < 10; count++)
+	{
+	  h_errno = 0;
+#  endif
+	  /* Some systems can't handle SIGALARM/SIGIO in gethostbyname(). */
+	  stop_interrupts ();
+	  hp = gethostbyname (hostname);
+	  start_interrupts ();
+#  ifdef TRY_AGAIN
+	  if (! (hp == 0 && h_errno == TRY_AGAIN))
+	    break;
+	  Fsleep_for (make_int (1));
+	}
+#  endif
+      if (hp)
+	{
+	  CONST char *fqdn = (CONST char *) hp->h_name;
+
+	  if (!strchr (fqdn, '.'))
+	    {
+	      /* We still don't have a fully qualified domain name.
+		 Try to find one in the list of alternate names */
+	      char **alias = hp->h_aliases;
+	      while (*alias && !strchr (*alias, '.'))
+		alias++;
+	      if (*alias)
+		fqdn = *alias;
+	    }
+	  hostname = (char *) alloca (strlen (fqdn) + 1);
+	  strcpy (hostname, fqdn);
+	}
+    }
+# endif /* HAVE_SOCKETS */
+  Vsystem_name = build_string (hostname);
+#endif /* HAVE_GETHOSTNAME and not VMS */
+  {
+    Bufbyte *p;
+    Bytecount i;
+
+    for (i = 0, p = string_data (XSTRING (Vsystem_name));
+	 i < string_length (XSTRING (Vsystem_name));
+	 i++, p++)
+      {
+	if (*p == ' ' || *p == '\t')
+	  *p = '-';
+      }
+  }
+}
+
+
+/************************************************************************/
+/*                        Emulation of select()                         */
+/************************************************************************/
+
+#ifndef VMS
+#ifndef HAVE_SELECT
+
+ERROR: XEmacs requires a working select().
+
+#endif /* not HAVE_SELECT */
+#endif /* not VMS */
+
+
+/************************************************************************/
+/*                      Emulation of signal stuff                       */
+/************************************************************************/
+
+/* BSD 4.1 crap deleted.  4.2 was released in 1983, for God's sake!  I
+   can't imagine that anyone is actually running that OS any more.
+   You can't use X under it (I think) because there's no select().
+   Anyway, the signal stuff has all been changed.  If someone wants to
+   get this stuff working again, look in the FSF Emacs sources. */
+   
+/* POSIX signals support - DJB */
+
+#ifdef HAVE_SIGPROCMASK
+
+/* #### Is there any reason this is static global rather than local? */
+static struct sigaction new_action, old_action;
+
+signal_handler_t
+sys_do_signal (int signal_number, signal_handler_t action)
+{
+#if 0
+
+  /* XEmacs works better if system calls are *not* restarted.
+     This allows C-g to interrupt reads and writes, on most systems.
+
+     #### Another possibility is to just longjmp() out of the signal
+     handler.  According to W.R. Stevens, this should be OK on all
+     systems.  However, I don't want to deal with the potential
+     evil ramifications of this at this point. */
+
+#ifdef DGUX
+  /* This gets us restartable system calls for efficiency.
+     The "else" code will work as well. */
+  return (berk_signal (signal_number, action));
+#else
+  sigemptyset (&new_action.sa_mask);
+  new_action.sa_handler = action;
+#if defined (SA_RESTART)
+  /* Emacs mostly works better with restartable system services. If this
+   * flag exists, we probably want to turn it on here.
+   */
+  new_action.sa_flags = SA_RESTART;
+#else
+  new_action.sa_flags = 0;
+#endif
+  sigaction (signal_number, &new_action, &old_action);
+  return (old_action.sa_handler);
+#endif /* DGUX */
+
+#else /* not 0 */
+
+  sigemptyset (&new_action.sa_mask);
+  new_action.sa_handler = action;
+#if defined (SA_INTERRUPT) /* don't restart system calls, under SunOS */
+  new_action.sa_flags = SA_INTERRUPT;
+#else
+  new_action.sa_flags = 0;
+#endif
+  sigaction (signal_number, &new_action, &old_action);
+  return (old_action.sa_handler);
+
+#endif /* not 0 */
+}
+
+#elif defined (HAVE_SIGBLOCK)
+
+/* We use sigvec() rather than signal() if we have it, because
+   it lets us specify interruptible system calls. */
+signal_handler_t
+sys_do_signal (int signal_number, signal_handler_t action)
+{
+  struct sigvec vec, ovec;
+
+  vec.sv_handler = action;
+  vec.sv_mask = 0;
+#ifdef SV_INTERRUPT /* don't restart system calls */
+  vec.sv_flags = SV_INTERRUPT;
+#else
+  vec.sv_flags = 0;
+#endif
+
+  sigvec (signal_number, &vec, &ovec);
+
+  return (ovec.sv_handler);
+}
+
+#endif /* HAVE_SIGBLOCK (HAVE_SIGPROCMASK) */
+
+
+/************************************************************************/
+/*                        Emulation of strerror()                       */
+/************************************************************************/
+
+#ifndef HAVE_STRERROR
+
+#if defined (VMS) && defined (LINK_CRTL_SHARE) && defined (SHAREABLE_LIB_BUG)
+
+/* Variables declared noshare and initialized in sharable libraries
+   cannot be shared.  The VMS linker incorrectly forces you to use a private
+   version which is uninitialized... If not for this "feature", we
+   could use the C library definition of sys_nerr and sys_errlist. */
+CONST char *sys_errlist[] =
+  {
+    "error 0",
+    "not owner",
+    "no such file or directory",
+    "no such process",
+    "interrupted system call",
+    "I/O error",
+    "no such device or address",
+    "argument list too long",
+    "exec format error",
+    "bad file number",
+    "no child process",
+    "no more processes",
+    "not enough memory",
+    "permission denied",
+    "bad address",
+    "block device required",
+    "mount devices busy",
+    "file exists",
+    "cross-device link",
+    "no such device",
+    "not a directory",
+    "is a directory",
+    "invalid argument",
+    "file table overflow",
+    "too many open files",
+    "not a typewriter",
+    "text file busy",
+    "file too big",
+    "no space left on device",
+    "illegal seek",
+    "read-only file system",
+    "too many links",
+    "broken pipe",
+    "math argument",
+    "result too large",
+    "I/O stream empty",
+    "vax/vms specific error code nontranslatable error"
+  };
+int sys_nerr = countof (sys_errlist);
+
+#endif /* VMS & LINK_CRTL_SHARE & SHAREABLE_LIB_BUG */
+
+
+#if !defined(NeXT) && !defined(__alpha) && !defined(MACH) && !defined(LINUX) && !defined(IRIX) && !defined(__NetBSD__)
+/* Linux added here by Raymond L. Toy <toy@alydar.crd.ge.com> for XEmacs. */
+/* Irix added here by gparker@sni-usa.com for XEmacs. */
+/* NetBSD added here by James R Grinter <jrg@doc.ic.ac.uk> for XEmacs */
+extern CONST char *sys_errlist[];
+extern int sys_nerr;
+#endif
+
+#ifdef __NetBSD__
+extern char *sys_errlist[];
+extern int sys_nerr;
+#endif
+
+
+CONST char *
+strerror (int errnum)
+{
+  if (errnum >= 0 && errnum < sys_nerr)
+    return sys_errlist[errnum];
+  return ((CONST char *) GETTEXT ("Unknown error"));
+}
+
+#endif /* ! HAVE_STRERROR */
+
+
+
+/************************************************************************/
+/*                    Encapsulations of system calls                    */
+/************************************************************************/
+
+#define PATHNAME_CONVERT_OUT(path) \
+  GET_C_CHARPTR_EXT_FILENAME_DATA_ALLOCA (path, path)
+
+/***** VMS versions are at the bottom of this file *****/
+/***** MSDOS versions are in msdos.c *****/
+
+/***************** low-level calls ****************/
+
+/*
+ *	On USG systems the system calls are INTERRUPTIBLE by signals
+ *	that the user program has elected to catch.  Thus the system call
+ *	must be retried in these cases.  To handle this without massive
+ *	changes in the source code, we remap the standard system call names
+ *	to names for our own functions in sysdep.c that do the system call
+ *	with retries.  Actually, for portability reasons, it is good
+ *	programming practice, as this example shows, to limit all actual
+ *	system calls to a single occurrence in the source.  Sure, this
+ *	adds an extra level of function call overhead but it is almost
+ *	always negligible.   Fred Fish, Unisoft Systems Inc.
+ */
+
+/* Ben sez: read Dick Gabriel's essay about the Worse Is Better
+   approach to programming and its connection to the silly
+   interruptible-system-call business.  To find it, look at
+   Jamie's home page (http://www.netscape.com/people/jwz). */
+
+#ifdef ENCAPSULATE_OPEN
+
+int
+sys_open (CONST char *path, int oflag, ...)
+{
+  int mode;
+  va_list ap;
+  
+  va_start (ap, oflag);
+  mode = va_arg (ap, int);
+  va_end (ap);
+
+  PATHNAME_CONVERT_OUT (path);
+#ifdef INTERRUPTIBLE_OPEN
+  {
+    int rtnval;
+    while ((rtnval = open (path, oflag, mode)) == -1
+	   && (errno == EINTR));
+    return rtnval;
+  }
+#else
+    return open (path, oflag, mode);
+#endif
+}
+
+#endif /* ENCAPSULATE_OPEN */
+
+#ifdef ENCAPSULATE_CLOSE
+
+int
+sys_close (int fd)
+{
+#ifdef INTERRUPTIBLE_CLOSE
+  int did_retry = 0;
+  register int rtnval;
+
+  while ((rtnval = close (fd)) == -1
+	 && (errno == EINTR))
+    did_retry = 1;
+
+  /* If close is interrupted SunOS 4.1 may or may not have closed the
+     file descriptor.  If it did the second close will fail with
+     errno = EBADF.  That means we have succeeded.  */
+  if (rtnval == -1 && did_retry && errno == EBADF)
+    return 0;
+
+  return rtnval;
+#else
+  return close (fd);
+#endif
+}
+
+#endif /* ENCAPSULATE_CLOSE */
+
+int
+sys_read_1 (int fildes, void *buf, unsigned int nbyte, int allow_quit)
+{
+#ifdef VMS
+  return vms_read (fildes, buf, nbyte);
+#else
+  int rtnval;
+
+  /* No harm in looping regardless of the INTERRUPTIBLE_IO setting. */
+  while ((rtnval = read (fildes, buf, nbyte)) == -1
+	 && (errno == EINTR))
+    {
+      if (allow_quit)
+	REALLY_QUIT;
+    }
+  return rtnval;
+#endif
+}
+
+#ifdef ENCAPSULATE_READ
+
+int
+sys_read (int fildes, void *buf, unsigned int nbyte)
+{
+  return sys_read_1 (fildes, buf, nbyte, 0);
+}
+
+#endif /* ENCAPSULATE_READ */
+
+int
+sys_write_1 (int fildes, CONST void *buf, unsigned int nbyte, int allow_quit)
+{
+#ifdef VMS
+  return vms_write (fildes, buf, nbyte);
+#else
+  int rtnval;
+  int bytes_written = 0;
+  CONST char *b = buf;
+
+  /* No harm in looping regardless of the INTERRUPTIBLE_IO setting. */
+  while (nbyte > 0)
+    {
+      rtnval = write (fildes, b, nbyte);
+
+      if (allow_quit)
+	REALLY_QUIT;
+
+      if (rtnval == -1)
+	{
+	  if (errno == EINTR)
+	    continue;
+	  else
+            return (bytes_written ? bytes_written : -1);
+	}
+      b += rtnval;
+      nbyte -= rtnval;
+      bytes_written += rtnval;
+    }
+  return (bytes_written);
+#endif
+}
+
+#ifdef ENCAPSULATE_WRITE
+
+int
+sys_write (int fildes, CONST void *buf, unsigned int nbyte)
+{
+  return sys_write_1 (fildes, buf, nbyte, 0);
+}
+
+#endif /* ENCAPSULATE_WRITE */
+
+
+/**************** stdio calls ****************/
+
+/* There is at least some evidence that the stdio calls are interruptible
+   just like the normal system calls, at least on some systems.  In any
+   case, it doesn't hurt to encapsulate them. */
+
+/* #### Should also encapsulate fflush().
+   #### Should conceivably encapsulate getchar() etc.  What a pain! */
+
+#ifdef ENCAPSULATE_FOPEN
+
+FILE *
+sys_fopen (CONST char *path, CONST char *type)
+{
+  PATHNAME_CONVERT_OUT (path);
+#ifdef INTERRUPTIBLE_OPEN
+  {
+    FILE *rtnval;
+    while (!(rtnval = fopen (path, type)) && (errno == EINTR));
+    return rtnval;
+  }
+#else
+  return fopen (path, type);
+#endif
+}
+
+#endif /* ENCAPSULATE_FOPEN */
+
+#ifdef ENCAPSULATE_FCLOSE
+
+int
+sys_fclose (FILE *stream)
+{
+#ifdef INTERRUPTIBLE_CLOSE
+  int rtnval;
+
+  while ((rtnval = fclose (stream)) == EOF
+	 && (errno == EINTR))
+    ;
+  return rtnval;
+#else
+  return fclose (stream);
+#endif
+}
+
+#endif /* ENCAPSULATE_FCLOSE */
+
+#ifdef ENCAPSULATE_FREAD
+
+size_t
+sys_fread (void *ptr, size_t size, size_t nitem, FILE *stream)
+{
+#ifdef INTERRUPTIBLE_IO
+  size_t rtnval;
+  size_t items_read = 0;
+  char *b = (char *) ptr;
+
+  while (nitem > 0)
+    {
+      rtnval = fread (b, size, nitem, stream);
+      if (rtnval == 0)
+	{
+	  if (ferror (stream) && errno == EINTR)
+	    continue;
+	  else
+            return items_read;
+	}
+      b += size*rtnval;
+      nitem -= rtnval;
+      items_read += rtnval;
+    }
+  return (items_read);
+#else
+  return fread (ptr, size, nitem, stream);
+#endif
+}
+
+#endif /* ENCAPSULATE_FREAD */
+
+#ifdef ENCAPSULATE_FWRITE
+
+size_t
+sys_fwrite (CONST void *ptr, size_t size, size_t nitem, FILE *stream)
+{
+#ifdef INTERRUPTIBLE_IO
+  size_t rtnval;
+  size_t items_written = 0;
+  CONST char *b = (CONST char *) ptr;
+
+  while (nitem > 0)
+    {
+      rtnval = fwrite (b, size, nitem, stream);
+      if (rtnval == 0)
+	{
+	  if (ferror (stream) && errno == EINTR)
+	    continue;
+	  else
+            return items_written;
+	}
+      b += size*rtnval;
+      nitem -= rtnval;
+      items_written += rtnval;
+    }
+  return (items_written);
+#elif defined (VMS)
+  return vms_fwrite (ptr, size, nitem, stream);
+#else
+  return fwrite (ptr, size, nitem, stream);
+#endif
+}
+
+#endif /* ENCAPSULATE_FWRITE */
+
+
+/********************* directory calls *******************/
+
+#ifdef ENCAPSULATE_CHDIR
+
+int
+sys_chdir (CONST char *path)
+{
+  PATHNAME_CONVERT_OUT (path);
+#ifdef MSDOS
+  return dos_chdir (path);
+#else
+  return chdir (path);
+#endif
+}
+
+#endif /* ENCAPSULATE_CHDIR */
+
+#ifdef ENCAPSULATE_MKDIR
+
+int
+sys_mkdir (CONST char *path, int mode)
+{
+  PATHNAME_CONVERT_OUT (path);
+  return mkdir (path, mode);
+}
+
+#endif /* ENCAPSULATE_MKDIR */
+
+#ifdef ENCAPSULATE_OPENDIR
+
+DIR *
+sys_opendir (CONST char *filename)
+{
+  DIR *rtnval;
+  PATHNAME_CONVERT_OUT (filename);
+
+  while (!(rtnval = opendir (filename))
+	 && (errno == EINTR))
+    ;
+  return rtnval;
+}
+
+#endif /* ENCAPSULATE_OPENDIR */
+
+#ifdef ENCAPSULATE_READDIR
+
+DIRENTRY *
+sys_readdir (DIR *dirp)
+{ 
+  DIRENTRY *rtnval;
+
+  /* #### currently we don't do conversions on the incoming data */
+  /* Apparently setting errno is necessary on some systems?
+     Maybe readdir() doesn't always set errno ?! */
+  while (!(errno = 0, rtnval = readdir (dirp))
+	 && (errno == EINTR))
+    ;
+  return rtnval;
+}
+
+#endif /* ENCAPSULATE_READDIR */
+
+#ifdef ENCAPSULATE_CLOSEDIR
+
+int
+sys_closedir (DIR *dirp)
+{
+  int rtnval;
+
+  while ((rtnval = closedir (dirp)) == -1
+	 && (errno == EINTR))
+    ;
+  return rtnval;
+}
+
+#endif /* ENCAPSULATE_CLOSEDIR */
+
+#ifdef ENCAPSULATE_RMDIR
+
+int
+sys_rmdir (CONST char *path)
+{
+  PATHNAME_CONVERT_OUT (path);
+  return rmdir (path);
+}
+
+#endif /* ENCAPSULATE_RMDIR */
+
+
+/***************** file-information calls ******************/
+
+#ifdef ENCAPSULATE_ACCESS
+
+int
+sys_access (CONST char *path, int mode)
+{
+  PATHNAME_CONVERT_OUT (path);
+#ifdef VMS
+  return vms_access (path, mode);
+#else
+  return access (path, mode);
+#endif
+}
+
+#endif /* ENCAPSULATE_ACCESS */
+
+#ifdef ENCAPSULATE_LSTAT
+
+int
+sys_lstat (CONST char *path, struct stat *buf)
+{
+  PATHNAME_CONVERT_OUT (path);
+  return lstat (path, buf);
+}
+
+#endif /* ENCAPSULATE_LSTAT */
+
+#ifdef ENCAPSULATE_READLINK
+
+int
+sys_readlink (CONST char *path, char *buf, int bufsiz)
+{
+  PATHNAME_CONVERT_OUT (path);
+  /* #### currently we don't do conversions on the incoming data */
+  return readlink (path, buf, bufsiz);
+}
+
+#endif /* ENCAPSULATE_READLINK */
+
+#ifdef ENCAPSULATE_STAT
+
+int
+sys_stat (CONST char *path, struct stat *buf)
+{
+  PATHNAME_CONVERT_OUT (path);
+  return stat (path, buf);
+}
+
+#endif /* ENCAPSULATE_STAT */
+
+
+/****************** file-manipulation calls *****************/
+
+#ifdef ENCAPSULATE_CHMOD
+
+int
+sys_chmod (CONST char *path, int mode)
+{
+  PATHNAME_CONVERT_OUT (path);
+  return chmod (path, mode);
+}
+
+#endif /* ENCAPSULATE_CHMOD */
+
+#ifdef ENCAPSULATE_CREAT
+
+int
+sys_creat (CONST char *path, int mode)
+{
+  PATHNAME_CONVERT_OUT (path);
+  return creat (path, mode);
+}
+
+#endif /* ENCAPSULATE_CREAT */
+
+#ifdef ENCAPSULATE_LINK
+
+int
+sys_link (CONST char *existing, CONST char *new)
+{
+  PATHNAME_CONVERT_OUT (existing);
+  PATHNAME_CONVERT_OUT (new);
+  return link (existing, new);
+}
+
+#endif /* ENCAPSULATE_LINK */
+
+#ifdef ENCAPSULATE_RENAME
+
+int
+sys_rename (CONST char *old, CONST char *new)
+{
+  PATHNAME_CONVERT_OUT (old);
+  PATHNAME_CONVERT_OUT (new);
+  return rename (old, new);
+}
+
+#endif /* ENCAPSULATE_RENAME */
+
+#ifdef ENCAPSULATE_SYMLINK
+
+int
+sys_symlink (CONST char *name1, CONST char *name2)
+{
+  PATHNAME_CONVERT_OUT (name1);
+  PATHNAME_CONVERT_OUT (name2);
+  return symlink (name1, name2);
+}
+
+#endif /* ENCAPSULATE_SYMLINK */
+
+#ifdef ENCAPSULATE_UNLINK
+
+int
+sys_unlink (CONST char *path)
+{
+  PATHNAME_CONVERT_OUT (path);
+  return unlink (path);
+}
+
+#endif /* ENCAPSULATE_UNLINK */
+
+
+/************************************************************************/
+/*                  Emulations of missing system calls                  */
+/************************************************************************/
+
+/***** (these are primarily required for USG, it seems) *****/
+
+/*
+ *	Warning, this function may not duplicate 4.2 action properly
+ *	under error conditions.
+ */
+
+#ifndef HAVE_GETWD
+
+char *
+getwd (char *pathname)
+{
+  char *npath, *spath;
+#if !__STDC__ && !defined(STDC_HEADERS)
+  extern char *getcwd ();
+#endif
+
+  spath = npath = getcwd ((char *) 0, MAXPATHLEN);
+  if (spath == 0)
+    return spath;
+  /* On Altos 3068, getcwd can return @hostname/dir, so discard
+     up to first slash.  Should be harmless on other systems.  */
+  while (*npath && *npath != '/')
+    npath++;
+  strcpy (pathname, npath);
+  xfree (spath);                  /* getcwd uses malloc */
+  return pathname;
+}
+
+#endif /* HAVE_GETWD */
+
+/*
+ *	Emulate rename using unlink/link.  Note that this is
+ *	only partially correct.  Also, doesn't enforce restriction
+ *	that files be of same type (regular->regular, dir->dir, etc).
+ */
+
+#ifndef HAVE_RENAME
+
+int
+rename (CONST char *from, CONST char *to)
+{
+  if (access (from, 0) == 0)
+    {
+      unlink (to);
+      if (link (from, to) == 0)
+	if (unlink (from) == 0)
+	  return (0);
+    }
+  return (-1);
+}
+
+#endif
+
+#ifdef HPUX
+#ifndef HAVE_PERROR
+
+/* HPUX curses library references perror, but as far as we know
+   it won't be called.  Anyway this definition will do for now.  */
+
+perror (void)
+{
+}
+
+#endif /* not HAVE_PERROR */
+#endif /* HPUX */
+
+#ifndef HAVE_DUP2
+
+/*
+ *	Emulate BSD dup2.  First close newd if it already exists.
+ *	Then, attempt to dup oldd.  If not successful, call dup2 recursively
+ *	until we are, then close the unsuccessful ones.
+ */
+
+int
+dup2 (int oldd, int newd)
+{
+  int fd, ret;
+  
+  sys_close (newd);
+
+#ifdef F_DUPFD
+  fd = fcntl (oldd, F_DUPFD, newd);
+  if (fd != newd)
+    error ("can't dup2 (%i,%i) : %s", oldd, newd, strerror (errno));
+#else
+  fd = dup (old);
+  if (fd == -1)
+    return -1;
+  if (fd == new)
+    return new;
+  ret = dup2 (old, new);
+  sys_close (fd);
+  return ret;
+#endif /*  F_DUPFD */
+}
+
+#endif /* not HAVE_DUP2 */
+
+/*
+ *	Gettimeofday.  Simulate as much as possible.  Only accurate
+ *	to nearest second.  Emacs doesn't use tzp so ignore it for now.
+ */
+
+#if !defined (HAVE_GETTIMEOFDAY)
+ 
+int
+gettimeofday (struct timeval *tp, struct timezone *tzp)
+{
+  extern long time ();
+
+  tp->tv_sec = time ((long *)0);    
+  tp->tv_usec = 0;
+  if (tzp != 0)
+    tzp->tz_minuteswest = -1;
+  return (0);
+}
+ 
+#endif /* !HAVE_GETTIMEOFDAY */
+  
+/* No need to encapsulate utime and utimes explicitly because all
+   access to those functions goes through the following. */
+
+int
+set_file_times (char *filename, EMACS_TIME atime, EMACS_TIME mtime)
+{
+#ifdef HAVE_UTIMES
+  struct timeval tv[2];
+  tv[0] = atime;
+  tv[1] = mtime;
+  return utimes (filename, tv);
+#else /* not HAVE_UTIMES */
+  struct utimbuf utb;
+  utb.actime = EMACS_SECS (atime);
+  utb.modtime = EMACS_SECS (mtime);
+  return utime (filename, &utb);
+#endif /* not HAVE_UTIMES */
+}
+
+/* */
+
+static long ticks_per_second;
+static long orig_user_ticks, orig_system_ticks;
+EMACS_TIME orig_real_time;
+
+static int process_times_available;
+
+/* Return the relative user and system tick count.  We try to
+   maintain calculations in terms of integers as long as possible
+   for increased accuracy. */
+
+static int
+get_process_times_1 (long *user_ticks, long *system_ticks)
+{
+#if defined (_SC_CLK_TCK) || defined (CLK_TCK)
+  /* We have the POSIX times() function available. */
+  struct tms tttt;
+  times (&tttt);
+  *user_ticks = (long) tttt.tms_utime;
+  *system_ticks = (long) tttt.tms_stime;
+  return 1;
+#elif defined (CLOCKS_PER_SEC)
+  *user_time = (long) clock ();
+  *system_time = 0;
+  return 1;
+#else
+  return 0;
+#endif
+}
+
+void
+init_process_times_very_early (void)
+{
+#if defined (_SC_CLK_TCK)
+  ticks_per_second = sysconf (_SC_CLK_TCK);
+#elif defined (CLK_TCK)
+  ticks_per_second = CLK_TCK;
+#elif defined (CLOCKS_PER_SEC)
+  ticks_per_second = CLOCKS_PER_SEC;
+#endif
+
+  process_times_available = get_process_times_1 (&orig_user_ticks,
+						 &orig_system_ticks);
+  EMACS_GET_TIME (orig_real_time);
+}
+
+/* Return the user and system times used up by this process so far. */
+void
+get_process_times (double *user_time, double *system_time, double *real_time)
+{
+  EMACS_TIME curr_real_time;
+  EMACS_TIME elapsed_time;
+  long curr_user_ticks, curr_system_ticks;
+
+  EMACS_GET_TIME (curr_real_time);
+  EMACS_SUB_TIME (elapsed_time, curr_real_time, orig_real_time);
+  *real_time = (EMACS_SECS (elapsed_time)
+		+ ((double) EMACS_USECS (elapsed_time)) / 1000000);
+  if (get_process_times_1 (&curr_user_ticks, &curr_system_ticks))
+    {
+      *user_time = (((double) (curr_user_ticks - orig_user_ticks))
+		    / ticks_per_second);
+      *system_time = (((double) (curr_system_ticks - orig_system_ticks))
+		      / ticks_per_second);
+    }
+  else
+    {
+      /* MS-DOS or equally lame OS */
+      *user_time = *real_time;
+      *system_time = 0;
+    }
+}
+
+#ifndef HAVE_RANDOM
+#ifdef random
+#define HAVE_RANDOM
+#endif
+#endif
+
+/* Figure out how many bits the system's random number generator uses.
+   `random' and `lrand48' are assumed to return 31 usable bits.
+   BSD `rand' returns a 31 bit value but the low order bits are unusable;
+   so we'll shift it and treat it like the 15-bit USG `rand'.  */
+
+#ifndef RAND_BITS
+# ifdef HAVE_RANDOM
+#  define RAND_BITS 31
+# else /* !HAVE_RANDOM */
+#  ifdef HAVE_LRAND48
+#   define RAND_BITS 31
+#   define random lrand48
+#  else /* !HAVE_LRAND48 */
+#   define RAND_BITS 15
+#   if RAND_MAX == 32767
+#    define random rand
+#   else /* RAND_MAX != 32767 */
+#    if RAND_MAX == 2147483647
+#     define random() (rand () >> 16)
+#    else /* RAND_MAX != 2147483647 */
+#     ifdef USG
+#      define random rand
+#     else
+#      define random() (rand () >> 16)
+#     endif /* !BSD */
+#    endif /* RAND_MAX != 2147483647 */
+#   endif /* RAND_MAX != 32767 */
+#  endif /* !HAVE_LRAND48 */
+# endif /* !HAVE_RANDOM */
+#endif /* !RAND_BITS */
+
+void seed_random (long arg);
+void
+seed_random (long arg)
+{
+#ifdef HAVE_RANDOM
+  srandom ((unsigned int)arg);
+#else
+# ifdef HAVE_LRAND48
+  srand48 (arg);
+# else
+  srand ((unsigned int)arg);
+# endif
+#endif
+}
+
+/*
+ * Build a full Emacs-sized word out of whatever we've got.
+ * This suffices even for a 64-bit architecture with a 15-bit rand.
+ */
+long get_random (void);
+long
+get_random (void)
+{
+  long val = random ();
+#if VALBITS > RAND_BITS
+  val = (val << RAND_BITS) ^ random ();
+#if VALBITS > 2*RAND_BITS
+  val = (val << RAND_BITS) ^ random ();
+#if VALBITS > 3*RAND_BITS
+  val = (val << RAND_BITS) ^ random ();
+#if VALBITS > 4*RAND_BITS
+  val = (val << RAND_BITS) ^ random ();
+#endif /* need at least 5 */
+#endif /* need at least 4 */
+#endif /* need at least 3 */
+#endif /* need at least 2 */
+  return val & ((1L << VALBITS) - 1);
+}
+
+#ifdef WRONG_NAME_INSQUE
+
+void
+insque (caddr_t q, caddr_t p)
+{
+  _insque (q,p);
+}
+
+#endif
+
+
+/************************************************************************/
+/*               Strings corresponding to defined signals               */
+/************************************************************************/
+
+#if !defined (SYS_SIGLIST_DECLARED) && !defined (HAVE_SYS_SIGLIST)
+
+#ifdef USG
+#ifdef AIX
+CONST char *sys_siglist[NSIG + 1] =
+  {
+    /* AIX has changed the signals a bit */
+    DEFER_GETTEXT ("bogus signal"),			/* 0 */
+    DEFER_GETTEXT ("hangup"),				/* 1  SIGHUP */
+    DEFER_GETTEXT ("interrupt"),			/* 2  SIGINT */
+    DEFER_GETTEXT ("quit"),				/* 3  SIGQUIT */
+    DEFER_GETTEXT ("illegal instruction"),		/* 4  SIGILL */
+    DEFER_GETTEXT ("trace trap"),			/* 5  SIGTRAP */
+    DEFER_GETTEXT ("IOT instruction"),			/* 6  SIGIOT */
+    DEFER_GETTEXT ("crash likely"),			/* 7  SIGDANGER */
+    DEFER_GETTEXT ("floating point exception"),		/* 8  SIGFPE */
+    DEFER_GETTEXT ("kill"),				/* 9  SIGKILL */
+    DEFER_GETTEXT ("bus error"),			/* 10 SIGBUS */
+    DEFER_GETTEXT ("segmentation violation"),		/* 11 SIGSEGV */
+    DEFER_GETTEXT ("bad argument to system call"),	/* 12 SIGSYS */
+    DEFER_GETTEXT ("write on a pipe with no one to read it"), /* 13 SIGPIPE */
+    DEFER_GETTEXT ("alarm clock"),			/* 14 SIGALRM */
+    DEFER_GETTEXT ("software termination signum"),	/* 15 SIGTERM */
+    DEFER_GETTEXT ("user defined signal 1"),		/* 16 SIGUSR1 */
+    DEFER_GETTEXT ("user defined signal 2"),		/* 17 SIGUSR2 */
+    DEFER_GETTEXT ("death of a child"),			/* 18 SIGCLD */
+    DEFER_GETTEXT ("power-fail restart"),		/* 19 SIGPWR */
+    DEFER_GETTEXT ("bogus signal"),			/* 20 */
+    DEFER_GETTEXT ("bogus signal"),			/* 21 */
+    DEFER_GETTEXT ("bogus signal"),			/* 22 */
+    DEFER_GETTEXT ("bogus signal"),			/* 23 */
+    DEFER_GETTEXT ("bogus signal"),			/* 24 */
+    DEFER_GETTEXT ("LAN I/O interrupt"),		/* 25 SIGAIO */
+    DEFER_GETTEXT ("PTY I/O interrupt"),		/* 26 SIGPTY */
+    DEFER_GETTEXT ("I/O intervention required"),	/* 27 SIGIOINT */
+#ifdef AIXHFT
+    DEFER_GETTEXT ("HFT grant"),			/* 28 SIGGRANT */
+    DEFER_GETTEXT ("HFT retract"),			/* 29 SIGRETRACT */
+    DEFER_GETTEXT ("HFT sound done"),			/* 30 SIGSOUND */
+    DEFER_GETTEXT ("HFT input ready"),			/* 31 SIGMSG */
+#endif
+    0
+  };
+#else /* USG, not AIX */
+CONST char *sys_siglist[NSIG + 1] =
+  {
+    DEFER_GETTEXT ("bogus signal"),			/* 0 */
+    DEFER_GETTEXT ("hangup"),				/* 1  SIGHUP */
+    DEFER_GETTEXT ("interrupt"),			/* 2  SIGINT */
+    DEFER_GETTEXT ("quit"),				/* 3  SIGQUIT */
+    DEFER_GETTEXT ("illegal instruction"),		/* 4  SIGILL */
+    DEFER_GETTEXT ("trace trap"),			/* 5  SIGTRAP */
+    DEFER_GETTEXT ("IOT instruction"),			/* 6  SIGIOT */
+    DEFER_GETTEXT ("EMT instruction"),			/* 7  SIGEMT */
+    DEFER_GETTEXT ("floating point exception"),		/* 8  SIGFPE */
+    DEFER_GETTEXT ("kill"),				/* 9  SIGKILL */
+    DEFER_GETTEXT ("bus error"),			/* 10 SIGBUS */
+    DEFER_GETTEXT ("segmentation violation"),		/* 11 SIGSEGV */
+    DEFER_GETTEXT ("bad argument to system call"),	/* 12 SIGSYS */
+    DEFER_GETTEXT ("write on a pipe with no one to read it"), /* 13 SIGPIPE */
+    DEFER_GETTEXT ("alarm clock"),			/* 14 SIGALRM */
+    DEFER_GETTEXT ("software termination signum"),	/* 15 SIGTERM */
+    DEFER_GETTEXT ("user defined signal 1"),		/* 16 SIGUSR1 */
+    DEFER_GETTEXT ("user defined signal 2"),		/* 17 SIGUSR2 */
+    DEFER_GETTEXT ("death of a child"),			/* 18 SIGCLD */
+    DEFER_GETTEXT ("power-fail restart"),		/* 19 SIGPWR */
+#ifdef sun
+    DEFER_GETTEXT ("window size changed"),		/* 20 SIGWINCH */
+    DEFER_GETTEXT ("urgent socket condition"),		/* 21 SIGURG */
+    DEFER_GETTEXT ("pollable event occurred"),		/* 22 SIGPOLL */
+    DEFER_GETTEXT ("stop (cannot be caught or ignored)"), /*  23 SIGSTOP */
+    DEFER_GETTEXT ("user stop requested from tty"),	/* 24 SIGTSTP */
+    DEFER_GETTEXT ("stopped process has been continued"), /* 25 SIGCONT */
+    DEFER_GETTEXT ("background tty read attempted"),	/* 26 SIGTTIN */
+    DEFER_GETTEXT ("background tty write attempted"),	/* 27 SIGTTOU */
+    DEFER_GETTEXT ("virtual timer expired"),		/* 28 SIGVTALRM */
+    DEFER_GETTEXT ("profiling timer expired"),		/* 29 SIGPROF */
+    DEFER_GETTEXT ("exceeded cpu limit"),		/* 30 SIGXCPU */
+    DEFER_GETTEXT ("exceeded file size limit"),		/* 31 SIGXFSZ */
+    DEFER_GETTEXT ("process's lwps are blocked"),	/* 32 SIGWAITING */
+    DEFER_GETTEXT ("special signal used by thread library"), /* 33 SIGLWP */
+#ifdef SIGFREEZE
+    DEFER_GETTEXT ("special signal used by CPR"),        /* 34 SIGFREEZE */
+#endif
+#ifdef SIGTHAW
+    DEFER_GETTEXT ("special signal used by CPR"),        /* 35 SIGTHAW */
+#endif
+#endif /* sun */
+    0
+  };
+#endif /* not AIX */
+#endif /* USG */
+#ifdef DGUX
+CONST char *sys_siglist[NSIG + 1] =
+  {
+    DEFER_GETTEXT ("null signal"),			 /*  0 SIGNULL   */
+    DEFER_GETTEXT ("hangup"),				 /*  1 SIGHUP    */
+    DEFER_GETTEXT ("interrupt"),	       		 /*  2 SIGINT    */
+    DEFER_GETTEXT ("quit"),				 /*  3 SIGQUIT   */
+    DEFER_GETTEXT ("illegal instruction"),		 /*  4 SIGILL    */
+    DEFER_GETTEXT ("trace trap"),			 /*  5 SIGTRAP   */
+    DEFER_GETTEXT ("abort termination"),		 /*  6 SIGABRT   */
+    DEFER_GETTEXT ("SIGEMT"),				 /*  7 SIGEMT    */
+    DEFER_GETTEXT ("floating point exception"),		 /*  8 SIGFPE    */
+    DEFER_GETTEXT ("kill"),				 /*  9 SIGKILL   */
+    DEFER_GETTEXT ("bus error"),			 /* 10 SIGBUS    */
+    DEFER_GETTEXT ("segmentation violation"),		 /* 11 SIGSEGV   */
+    DEFER_GETTEXT ("bad argument to system call"),	 /* 12 SIGSYS    */
+    DEFER_GETTEXT ("write on a pipe with no reader"),	 /* 13 SIGPIPE   */
+    DEFER_GETTEXT ("alarm clock"),			 /* 14 SIGALRM   */
+    DEFER_GETTEXT ("software termination signal"),	 /* 15 SIGTERM   */
+    DEFER_GETTEXT ("user defined signal 1"),		 /* 16 SIGUSR1   */
+    DEFER_GETTEXT ("user defined signal 2"),		 /* 17 SIGUSR2   */
+    DEFER_GETTEXT ("child stopped or terminated"),	 /* 18 SIGCLD    */
+    DEFER_GETTEXT ("power-fail restart"),		 /* 19 SIGPWR    */
+    DEFER_GETTEXT ("window size changed"),		 /* 20 SIGWINCH  */
+    DEFER_GETTEXT ("undefined"),			 /* 21           */
+    DEFER_GETTEXT ("pollable event occurred"),		 /* 22 SIGPOLL   */
+    DEFER_GETTEXT ("sendable stop signal not from tty"), /* 23 SIGSTOP   */
+    DEFER_GETTEXT ("stop signal from tty"),		 /* 24 SIGSTP    */
+    DEFER_GETTEXT ("continue a stopped process"),	 /* 25 SIGCONT   */
+    DEFER_GETTEXT ("attempted background tty read"),	 /* 26 SIGTTIN   */
+    DEFER_GETTEXT ("attempted background tty write"),	 /* 27 SIGTTOU   */
+    DEFER_GETTEXT ("undefined"),			 /* 28           */
+    DEFER_GETTEXT ("undefined"),			 /* 29           */
+    DEFER_GETTEXT ("undefined"),			 /* 30           */
+    DEFER_GETTEXT ("undefined"),			 /* 31           */
+    DEFER_GETTEXT ("undefined"),			 /* 32           */
+    DEFER_GETTEXT ("socket (TCP/IP) urgent data arrival"), /* 33 SIGURG    */
+    DEFER_GETTEXT ("I/O is possible"),			 /* 34 SIGIO     */
+    DEFER_GETTEXT ("exceeded cpu time limit"),		 /* 35 SIGXCPU   */
+    DEFER_GETTEXT ("exceeded file size limit"),		 /* 36 SIGXFSZ   */
+    DEFER_GETTEXT ("virtual time alarm"),		 /* 37 SIGVTALRM */
+    DEFER_GETTEXT ("profiling time alarm"),		 /* 38 SIGPROF   */
+    DEFER_GETTEXT ("undefined"),			 /* 39           */
+    DEFER_GETTEXT ("file record locks revoked"),	 /* 40 SIGLOST   */
+    DEFER_GETTEXT ("undefined"),			 /* 41           */
+    DEFER_GETTEXT ("undefined"),			 /* 42           */
+    DEFER_GETTEXT ("undefined"),			 /* 43           */
+    DEFER_GETTEXT ("undefined"),			 /* 44           */
+    DEFER_GETTEXT ("undefined"),			 /* 45           */
+    DEFER_GETTEXT ("undefined"),			 /* 46           */
+    DEFER_GETTEXT ("undefined"),			 /* 47           */
+    DEFER_GETTEXT ("undefined"),			 /* 48           */
+    DEFER_GETTEXT ("undefined"),			 /* 49           */
+    DEFER_GETTEXT ("undefined"),			 /* 50           */
+    DEFER_GETTEXT ("undefined"),			 /* 51           */
+    DEFER_GETTEXT ("undefined"),			 /* 52           */
+    DEFER_GETTEXT ("undefined"),			 /* 53           */
+    DEFER_GETTEXT ("undefined"),			 /* 54           */
+    DEFER_GETTEXT ("undefined"),			 /* 55           */
+    DEFER_GETTEXT ("undefined"),			 /* 56           */
+    DEFER_GETTEXT ("undefined"),			 /* 57           */
+    DEFER_GETTEXT ("undefined"),			 /* 58           */
+    DEFER_GETTEXT ("undefined"),			 /* 59           */
+    DEFER_GETTEXT ("undefined"),			 /* 60           */
+    DEFER_GETTEXT ("undefined"),			 /* 61           */
+    DEFER_GETTEXT ("undefined"),			 /* 62           */
+    DEFER_GETTEXT ("undefined"),			 /* 63           */
+    DEFER_GETTEXT ("notification message in mess. queue"), /* 64 SIGDGNOTIFY */
+    0
+  };
+#endif /* DGUX */
+
+#endif /* ! SYS_SIGLIST_DECLARED && ! HAVE_SYS_SIGLIST */
+
+
+/************************************************************************/
+/*         Directory routines for systems that don't have them          */
+/************************************************************************/
+
+#ifdef SYSV_SYSTEM_DIR
+
+#include <dirent.h>
+
+#if defined(BROKEN_CLOSEDIR) || !defined(HAVE_CLOSEDIR)
+int
+closedir (DIR *dirp)  /* stream from opendir */
+{
+  int rtnval;
+
+  rtnval = sys_close (dirp->dd_fd);
+
+  /* Some systems (like Solaris) allocate the buffer and the DIR all
+     in one block.  Why in the world are we freeing this ourselves
+     anyway?  */
+#if ! (defined (sun) && defined (USG5_4))
+  xfree ((char *) dirp->dd_buf); /* directory block defined in <dirent.h> */
+#endif
+  xfree ((char *) dirp);
+  return (rtnval);
+}
+#endif /* BROKEN_CLOSEDIR or not HAVE_CLOSEDIR */
+#endif /* SYSV_SYSTEM_DIR */
+
+#ifdef NONSYSTEM_DIR_LIBRARY
+
+DIR *
+opendir (CONST char *filename)	/* name of directory */
+{
+  DIR *dirp;		/* -> malloc'ed storage */
+  int fd;		/* file descriptor for read */
+  struct stat sbuf;		/* result of fstat */
+
+  fd = sys_open (filename, 0);
+  if (fd < 0)
+    return 0;
+
+  if (fstat (fd, &sbuf) < 0
+      || (sbuf.st_mode & S_IFMT) != S_IFDIR
+      || (dirp = (DIR *) malloc (sizeof (DIR))) == 0)
+    {
+      sys_close (fd);
+      return 0;		/* bad luck today */
+    }
+
+  dirp->dd_fd = fd;
+  dirp->dd_loc = dirp->dd_size = 0;	/* refill needed */
+
+  return dirp;
+}
+
+void
+closedir (DIR *dirp)		/* stream from opendir */
+{
+  sys_close (dirp->dd_fd);
+  xfree (dirp);
+}
+
+
+#ifndef VMS
+#define DIRSIZ	14
+struct olddir
+  {
+    ino_t od_ino; 		/* inode */
+    char od_name[DIRSIZ];	/* filename */
+  };
+#endif /* not VMS */
+
+static struct direct dir_static; /* simulated directory contents */
+
+/* ARGUSED */
+struct direct *
+readdir (DIR *dirp)	/* stream from opendir */
+{
+#ifndef VMS
+  struct olddir *dp;	/* -> directory data */
+#else /* VMS */
+  struct dir$_name *dp; /* -> directory data */
+  struct dir$_version *dv; /* -> version data */
+#endif /* VMS */
+
+  for (; ;)
+    {
+      if (dirp->dd_loc >= dirp->dd_size)
+	dirp->dd_loc = dirp->dd_size = 0;
+
+      if (dirp->dd_size == 0 	/* refill buffer */
+	  && (dirp->dd_size = sys_read (dirp->dd_fd, dirp->dd_buf, DIRBLKSIZ)) <= 0)
+	return 0;
+
+#ifndef VMS
+      dp = (struct olddir *) &dirp->dd_buf[dirp->dd_loc];
+      dirp->dd_loc += sizeof (struct olddir);
+
+      if (dp->od_ino != 0)	/* not deleted entry */
+	{
+	  dir_static.d_ino = dp->od_ino;
+	  strncpy (dir_static.d_name, dp->od_name, DIRSIZ);
+	  dir_static.d_name[DIRSIZ] = '\0';
+	  dir_static.d_namlen = strlen (dir_static.d_name);
+	  dir_static.d_reclen = sizeof (struct direct)
+	    - MAXNAMLEN + 3
+	      + dir_static.d_namlen - dir_static.d_namlen % 4;
+	  return &dir_static;	/* -> simulated structure */
+	}
+#else /* VMS */
+      dp = (struct dir$_name *) dirp->dd_buf;
+      if (dirp->dd_loc == 0)
+	dirp->dd_loc = (dp->dir$b_namecount&1) ? dp->dir$b_namecount + 1
+	  : dp->dir$b_namecount;
+      dv = (struct dir$_version *)&dp->dir$t_name[dirp->dd_loc];
+      dir_static.d_ino = dv->dir$w_fid_num;
+      dir_static.d_namlen = dp->dir$b_namecount;
+      dir_static.d_reclen = sizeof (struct direct)
+	- MAXNAMLEN + 3
+	  + dir_static.d_namlen - dir_static.d_namlen % 4;
+      strncpy (dir_static.d_name, dp->dir$t_name, dp->dir$b_namecount);
+      dir_static.d_name[dir_static.d_namlen] = '\0';
+      dirp->dd_loc = dirp->dd_size; /* only one record at a time */
+      return &dir_static;
+#endif /* VMS */
+    }
+}
+
+#ifdef VMS
+/* readdirver is just like readdir except it returns all versions of a file
+   as separate entries.  */
+
+/* ARGUSED */
+struct direct *
+readdirver (DIR *dirp)	/* stream from opendir */
+{
+  struct dir$_name *dp; /* -> directory data */
+  struct dir$_version *dv; /* -> version data */
+
+  if (dirp->dd_loc >= dirp->dd_size - sizeof (struct dir$_name))
+    dirp->dd_loc = dirp->dd_size = 0;
+
+  if (dirp->dd_size == 0 	/* refill buffer */
+      && (dirp->dd_size = sys_read (dirp->dd_fd, dirp->dd_buf, DIRBLKSIZ)) <= 0)
+    return 0;
+
+  dp = (struct dir$_name *) dirp->dd_buf;
+  if (dirp->dd_loc == 0)
+    dirp->dd_loc = (dp->dir$b_namecount & 1) ? dp->dir$b_namecount + 1
+		   : dp->dir$b_namecount;
+  dv = (struct dir$_version *) &dp->dir$t_name[dirp->dd_loc];
+  strncpy (dir_static.d_name, dp->dir$t_name, dp->dir$b_namecount);
+  sprintf (&dir_static.d_name[dp->dir$b_namecount], ";%d", dv->dir$w_version);
+  dir_static.d_namlen = strlen (dir_static.d_name);
+  dir_static.d_ino = dv->dir$w_fid_num;
+  dir_static.d_reclen = sizeof (struct direct) - MAXNAMLEN + 3
+			+ dir_static.d_namlen - dir_static.d_namlen % 4;
+  dirp->dd_loc = ((char *) (++dv) - dp->dir$t_name);
+  return &dir_static;
+}
+
+#endif /* VMS */
+
+#endif /* NONSYSTEM_DIR_LIBRARY */
+
+
+/* mkdir and rmdir functions, for systems which don't have them.  */
+
+#ifndef HAVE_MKDIR
+/*
+ * Written by Robert Rother, Mariah Corporation, August 1985.
+ *
+ * If you want it, it's yours.  All I ask in return is that if you
+ * figure out how to do this in a Bourne Shell script you send me
+ * a copy.
+ *					sdcsvax!rmr or rmr@uscd
+ *
+ * Severely hacked over by John Gilmore to make a 4.2BSD compatible
+ * subroutine.	11Mar86; hoptoad!gnu
+ *
+ * Modified by rmtodd@uokmax 6-28-87 -- when making an already existing dir,
+ * subroutine didn't return EEXIST.  It does now.
+ */
+
+/*
+ * Make a directory.
+ */
+#ifdef MKDIR_PROTOTYPE
+MKDIR_PROTOTYPE
+#else
+int
+mkdir (CONST char *dpath, int dmode)
+#endif
+{
+  int cpid, status, fd;
+  struct stat statbuf;
+
+  if (stat (dpath, &statbuf) == 0)
+    {
+      errno = EEXIST;		/* Stat worked, so it already exists */
+      return -1;
+    }
+
+  /* If stat fails for a reason other than non-existence, return error */
+  if (errno != ENOENT)
+    return -1;
+
+  synch_process_alive = 1;
+  switch (cpid = fork ())
+    {
+
+    case -1:			/* Error in fork() */
+      return (-1);		/* Errno is set already */
+
+    case 0:			/* Child process */
+    {
+      /*
+		 * Cheap hack to set mode of new directory.  Since this
+		 * child process is going away anyway, we zap its umask.
+		 * ####, this won't suffice to set SUID, SGID, etc. on this
+		 * directory.  Does anybody care?
+		 */
+      status = umask (0);	/* Get current umask */
+      status = umask (status | (0777 & ~dmode));	/* Set for mkdir */
+      fd = sys_open ("/dev/null", 2);
+      if (fd >= 0)
+        {
+	  dup2 (fd, 0);
+	  dup2 (fd, 1);
+	  dup2 (fd, 2);
+        }
+      execl ("/bin/mkdir", "mkdir", dpath, (char *) 0);
+      _exit (-1);		/* Can't exec /bin/mkdir */
+    }
+
+    default:			/* Parent process */
+      wait_for_termination (cpid);
+    }
+
+  if (synch_process_death != 0 || synch_process_retcode != 0)
+    {
+      errno = EIO;		/* We don't know why, but */
+      return -1;		/* /bin/mkdir failed */
+    }
+
+  return 0;
+}
+#endif /* not HAVE_MKDIR */
+
+#ifndef HAVE_RMDIR
+int
+rmdir (CONST char *dpath)
+{
+  int cpid, status, fd;
+  struct stat statbuf;
+
+  if (stat (dpath, &statbuf) != 0)
+    {
+      /* Stat just set errno.  We don't have to */
+      return -1;
+    }
+
+  synch_process_alive = 1;
+  switch (cpid = fork ())
+    {
+
+    case -1:			/* Error in fork() */
+      return (-1);		/* Errno is set already */
+
+    case 0:			/* Child process */
+      fd = sys_open("/dev/null", 2);
+      if (fd >= 0)
+        {
+	  dup2 (fd, 0);
+	  dup2 (fd, 1);
+	  dup2 (fd, 2);
+        }
+      execl ("/bin/rmdir", "rmdir", dpath, (char *) 0);
+      _exit (-1);		/* Can't exec /bin/mkdir */
+
+    default:			/* Parent process */
+      wait_for_termination (cpid);
+    }
+
+  if (synch_process_death != 0 || synch_process_retcode != 0)
+    {
+      errno = EIO;		/* We don't know why, but */
+      return -1;		/* /bin/rmdir failed */
+    }
+
+  return 0;
+}
+#endif /* !HAVE_RMDIR */
+
+
+/************************************************************************/
+/*                            Misc. SunOS crap                          */
+/************************************************************************/
+
+#ifdef USE_DL_STUBS
+
+/* These are included on Sunos 4.1 when we do not use shared libraries.
+   X11 libraries may refer to these functions but (we hope) do not
+   actually call them.  */
+
+void *
+dlopen (void)
+{
+  return 0;
+}
+
+void *
+dlsym (void)
+{
+  return 0;
+}
+
+int
+dlclose (void)
+{
+  return -1;
+}
+
+#endif /* USE_DL_STUBS */
+
+
+/************************************************************************/
+/*                     VMS emulation of system calls                    */
+/************************************************************************/
+
+#ifdef VMS
+#include "vms-pwd.h"
+#include <acldef.h>
+#include <chpdef.h>
+#include <jpidef.h>
+
+/* Return as a string the VMS error string pertaining to STATUS.
+   Reuses the same static buffer each time it is called.  */
+
+char *
+vmserrstr (int status)	/* VMS status code */
+{
+  int bufadr[2];
+  short len;
+  static char buf[257];
+
+  bufadr[0] = sizeof buf - 1;
+  bufadr[1] = (int) buf;
+  if (! (SYS$GETMSG (status, &len, bufadr, 0x1, 0) & 1))
+    return "untranslatable VMS error status";
+  buf[len] = '\0';
+  return buf;
+}
+
+#ifdef access
+#undef access
+  
+/* The following is necessary because 'access' emulation by VMS C (2.0) does
+ * not work correctly.  (It also doesn't work well in version 2.3.)
+ */
+
+#ifdef VMS4_4
+
+#define DESCRIPTOR(name,string) struct dsc$descriptor_s name = \
+	{ strlen (string), DSC$K_DTYPE_T, DSC$K_CLASS_S, string }
+
+typedef union {
+    struct {
+	unsigned short s_buflen;
+	unsigned short s_code;
+	char *s_bufadr;
+	unsigned short *s_retlenadr;
+    } s;
+    int end;
+} item;
+#define buflen s.s_buflen
+#define code s.s_code
+#define bufadr s.s_bufadr
+#define retlenadr s.s_retlenadr
+
+#define R_OK 4	/* test for read permission */
+#define W_OK 2	/* test for write permission */
+#define X_OK 1	/* test for execute (search) permission */
+#define F_OK 0	/* test for presence of file */
+
+int
+vms_access (CONST char *path, int mode)
+{
+  static char *user = NULL;
+  char dir_fn[512];
+
+  /* translate possible directory spec into .DIR file name, so brain-dead
+   * access can treat the directory like a file.  */
+  if (directory_file_name (path, dir_fn))
+    path = dir_fn;
+  
+  if (mode == F_OK)
+    return access (path, mode);
+  if (user == NULL && (user = (char *) getenv ("USER")) == NULL)
+    return -1;
+  {
+    int stat;
+    int flags;
+    int acces;
+    unsigned short int dummy;
+    item itemlst[3];
+    static int constant = ACL$C_FILE;
+    DESCRIPTOR (path_desc, path);
+    DESCRIPTOR (user_desc, user);
+ 
+    flags = 0;
+    acces = 0;
+    if ((mode & X_OK) && ((stat = access (path, mode)) < 0 || mode == X_OK))
+      return stat;
+    if (mode & R_OK)
+      acces |= CHP$M_READ;
+    if (mode & W_OK)
+      acces |= CHP$M_WRITE;
+    itemlst[0].buflen = sizeof (int);
+    itemlst[0].code = CHP$_FLAGS;
+    itemlst[0].bufadr = (char *) &flags;
+    itemlst[0].retlenadr = &dummy;
+    itemlst[1].buflen = sizeof (int);
+    itemlst[1].code = CHP$_ACCESS;
+    itemlst[1].bufadr = (char *) &acces;
+    itemlst[1].retlenadr = &dummy;
+    itemlst[2].end = CHP$_END;
+    stat = SYS$CHECK_ACCESS (&constant, &path_desc, &user_desc, itemlst);
+    return stat == SS$_NORMAL ? 0 : -1;
+  }
+}
+
+#else /* not VMS4_4 */
+
+#include <prvdef.h>
+#define	ACE$M_WRITE	2
+#define	ACE$C_KEYID	1
+
+static unsigned short vms_memid, vms_grpid;
+static unsigned int vms_uic;
+
+/* Called from init_sys_modes, so it happens not very often
+   but at least each time Emacs is loaded.  */
+sys_access_reinit (void)
+{
+  vms_uic = 0;
+}
+
+int
+vms_access (CONST char *filename, int type)
+{
+  struct FAB fab;
+  struct XABPRO xab;
+  int status, size, i, typecode, acl_controlled;
+  unsigned int *aclptr, *aclend, aclbuf[60];
+  union prvdef prvmask;
+
+  /* Get UIC and GRP values for protection checking.  */
+  if (vms_uic == 0)
+    {
+      status = LIB$GETJPI (&JPI$_UIC, 0, 0, &vms_uic, 0, 0);
+      if (! (status & 1))
+	return -1;
+      vms_memid = vms_uic & 0xFFFF;
+      vms_grpid = vms_uic >> 16;
+    }
+
+  if (type != 2)		/* not checking write access */
+    return access (filename, type);
+
+  /* Check write protection. */
+    
+#define	CHECKPRIV(bit)    (prvmask.bit)
+#define	WRITEABLE(field)  (! ((xab.xab$w_pro >> field) & XAB$M_NOWRITE))
+
+  /* Find privilege bits */
+  status = SYS$SETPRV (0, 0, 0, prvmask);
+  if (! (status & 1))
+    error ("Unable to find privileges: %s", vmserrstr (status));
+  if (CHECKPRIV (PRV$V_BYPASS))
+    return 0;			/* BYPASS enabled */
+  fab = cc$rms_fab;
+  fab.fab$b_fac = FAB$M_GET;
+  fab.fab$l_fna = filename;
+  fab.fab$b_fns = strlen (filename);
+  fab.fab$l_xab = &xab;
+  xab = cc$rms_xabpro;
+  xab.xab$l_aclbuf = aclbuf;
+  xab.xab$w_aclsiz = sizeof (aclbuf);
+  status = SYS$OPEN (&fab, 0, 0);
+  if (! (status & 1))
+    return -1;
+  SYS$CLOSE (&fab, 0, 0);
+  /* Check system access */
+  if (CHECKPRIV (PRV$V_SYSPRV) && WRITEABLE (XAB$V_SYS))
+    return 0;
+  /* Check ACL entries, if any */
+  acl_controlled = 0;
+  if (xab.xab$w_acllen > 0)
+    {
+      aclptr = aclbuf;
+      aclend = &aclbuf[xab.xab$w_acllen / 4];
+      while (*aclptr && aclptr < aclend)
+	{
+	  size = (*aclptr & 0xff) / 4;
+	  typecode = (*aclptr >> 8) & 0xff;
+	  if (typecode == ACE$C_KEYID)
+	    for (i = size - 1; i > 1; i--)
+	      if (aclptr[i] == vms_uic)
+		{
+		  acl_controlled = 1;
+		  if (aclptr[1] & ACE$M_WRITE)
+		    return 0;	/* Write access through ACL */
+		}
+	  aclptr = &aclptr[size];
+	}
+      if (acl_controlled)	/* ACL specified, prohibits write access */
+	return -1;
+    }
+  /* No ACL entries specified, check normal protection */
+  if (WRITEABLE (XAB$V_WLD))	/* World writeable */
+    return 0;
+  if (WRITEABLE (XAB$V_GRP) &&
+      (unsigned short) (xab.xab$l_uic >> 16) == vms_grpid)
+    return 0;			/* Group writeable */
+  if (WRITEABLE (XAB$V_OWN) &&
+      (xab.xab$l_uic & 0xFFFF) == vms_memid)
+    return 0;			/* Owner writeable */
+
+  return -1;	/* Not writeable */
+}
+#endif /* not VMS4_4 */
+#endif /* access */
+  
+static char vtbuf[NAM$C_MAXRSS+1];
+
+/* translate a vms file spec to a unix path */
+char *
+sys_translate_vms (char *vfile)
+{
+  char * p;
+  char * targ;
+
+  if (!vfile)
+    return 0;
+
+  targ = vtbuf;
+
+  /* leading device or logical name is a root directory */
+  if (p = strchr (vfile, ':'))
+    {
+      *targ++ = '/';
+      while (vfile < p)
+	*targ++ = *vfile++;
+      vfile++;
+      *targ++ = '/';
+    }
+  p = vfile;
+  if (*p == '[' || *p == '<')
+    {
+      while (*++vfile != *p + 2)
+	switch (*vfile)
+	  {
+	  case '.':
+	    if (vfile[-1] == *p)
+	      *targ++ = '.';
+	    *targ++ = '/';
+	    break;
+
+	  case '-':
+	    *targ++ = '.';
+	    *targ++ = '.';
+	    break;
+	    
+	  default:
+	    *targ++ = *vfile;
+	    break;
+	  }
+      vfile++;
+      *targ++ = '/';
+    }
+  while (*vfile)
+    *targ++ = *vfile++;
+
+  return vtbuf;
+}
+
+static char utbuf[NAM$C_MAXRSS+1];
+
+/* translate a unix path to a VMS file spec */
+char *
+sys_translate_unix (char *ufile)
+{
+  int slash_seen = 0;
+  char *p;
+  char * targ;
+
+  if (!ufile)
+    return 0;
+
+  targ = utbuf;
+
+  if (*ufile == '/')
+    {
+      ufile++;
+    }
+
+  while (*ufile)
+    {
+      switch (*ufile)
+	{
+	case '/':
+	  if (slash_seen)
+	    if (strchr (&ufile[1], '/'))
+	      *targ++ = '.';
+	    else
+	      *targ++ = ']';
+	  else
+	    {
+	      *targ++ = ':';
+	      if (strchr (&ufile[1], '/'))
+		*targ++ = '[';
+	      slash_seen = 1;
+	    }
+	  break;
+
+	case '.':
+	  if (strncmp (ufile, "./", 2) == 0)
+	    {
+	      if (!slash_seen)
+		{
+		  *targ++ = '[';
+		  slash_seen = 1;
+		}
+	      ufile++;		/* skip the dot */
+	      if (strchr (&ufile[1], '/'))
+		*targ++ = '.';
+	      else
+		*targ++ = ']';
+	    }
+	  else if (strncmp (ufile, "../", 3) == 0)
+	    {
+	      if (!slash_seen)
+		{
+		  *targ++ = '[';
+		  slash_seen = 1;
+		}
+	      *targ++ = '-';
+	      ufile += 2;	/* skip the dots */
+	      if (strchr (&ufile[1], '/'))
+		*targ++ = '.';
+	      else
+		*targ++ = ']';
+	    }
+	  else
+	    *targ++ = *ufile;
+	  break;
+
+	default:
+	  *targ++ = *ufile;
+	  break;
+	}
+      ufile++;
+    }
+  *targ = '\0';
+  
+  return utbuf;
+}
+
+char *
+getwd (char *pathname)
+{
+  char *ptr;
+  strcpy (pathname, egetenv ("PATH"));
+
+  ptr = pathname;
+  while (*ptr)
+    {
+      /* #### This is evil.  Smashes (shared) result of egetenv */
+      *ptr = toupper (* (unsigned char *) ptr);
+      ptr++;
+    }
+  return pathname;
+}
+
+int
+getppid (void)
+{
+  long item_code = JPI$_OWNER;
+  unsigned long parent_id;
+  int status;
+
+  if (((status = LIB$GETJPI (&item_code, 0, 0, &parent_id)) & 1) == 0)
+    {
+      errno = EVMSERR;
+      vaxc$errno = status;
+      return -1;
+    }
+  return parent_id;
+}
+
+#undef getuid
+unsigned int
+sys_getuid (void)
+{
+  return (getgid () << 16) | getuid ();
+}
+
+int
+vms_read (int fildes, CONST void *buf, unsigned int nbyte)
+{
+  return read (fildes, buf, (nbyte < MAXIOSIZE ? nbyte : MAXIOSIZE));
+}
+
+#if 0
+int
+vms_write (int fildes, CONST void *buf, unsigned int nbyte)
+{
+  int nwrote, rtnval = 0;
+
+  while (nbyte > MAXIOSIZE && (nwrote = write (fildes, buf, MAXIOSIZE)) > 0)
+    {
+      nbyte -= nwrote;
+      buf += nwrote;
+      rtnval += nwrote;
+    }
+  if (nwrote < 0)
+    return rtnval ? rtnval : -1;
+  if ((nwrote = write (fildes, buf, nbyte)) < 0)
+    return rtnval ? rtnval : -1;
+  return (rtnval + nwrote);
+}
+#endif /* 0 */
+
+/*
+ *	VAX/VMS VAX C RTL really loses. It insists that records
+ *      end with a newline (carriage return) character, and if they
+ *	don't it adds one (nice of it isn't it!)
+ *
+ *	Thus we do this stupidity below.
+ */
+
+int
+vms_write (int fildes, CONST void *buf, unsigned int nbytes)
+{
+  char *p;
+  char *e;
+  int sum = 0;
+  struct stat st;
+
+  fstat (fildes, &st);
+  p = buf;
+  while (nbytes > 0)
+    {
+      int len, retval;
+
+      /* Handle fixed-length files with carriage control.  */
+      if (st.st_fab_rfm == FAB$C_FIX
+	  && ((st.st_fab_rat & (FAB$M_FTN | FAB$M_CR)) != 0))
+	{
+	  len = st.st_fab_mrs;
+	  retval = write (fildes, p, min (len, nbytes));
+	  if (retval != len)
+	    return -1;
+	  retval++;	/* This skips the implied carriage control */
+	}
+      else
+	{
+	  e =  p + min (MAXIOSIZE, nbytes) - 1;
+	  while (*e != '\n' && e > p) e--;
+	  if (p == e)		/* Ok.. so here we add a newline... sigh. */
+	    e = p + min (MAXIOSIZE, nbytes) - 1;
+	  len = e + 1 - p;
+	  retval = write (fildes, p, len);
+	  if (retval != len)
+	    return -1;
+	}
+      p += retval;
+      sum += retval;
+      nbytes -= retval;
+    }
+  return sum;
+}
+
+/* Create file NEW copying its attributes from file OLD.  If
+   OLD is 0 or does not exist, create based on the value of
+   vms_stmlf_recfm. */
+
+/* Protection value the file should ultimately have.
+   Set by create_copy_attrs, and use by rename_sansversions.  */
+static unsigned short int vms_fab_final_pro;
+
+int
+creat_copy_attrs (char *old, char *new)
+{
+  struct FAB fab = cc$rms_fab;
+  struct XABPRO xabpro;
+  char aclbuf[256];	/* Choice of size is arbitrary.  See below. */
+  extern int vms_stmlf_recfm;
+
+  if (old)
+    {
+      fab.fab$b_fac = FAB$M_GET;
+      fab.fab$l_fna = old;
+      fab.fab$b_fns = strlen (old);
+      fab.fab$l_xab = (char *) &xabpro;
+      xabpro = cc$rms_xabpro;
+      xabpro.xab$l_aclbuf = aclbuf;
+      xabpro.xab$w_aclsiz = sizeof aclbuf;
+      /* Call $OPEN to fill in the fab & xabpro fields. */
+      if (SYS$OPEN (&fab, 0, 0) & 1)
+	{
+	  SYS$CLOSE (&fab, 0, 0);
+	  fab.fab$l_alq = 0;	/* zero the allocation quantity */
+	  if (xabpro.xab$w_acllen > 0)
+	    {
+	      if (xabpro.xab$w_acllen > sizeof aclbuf)
+		/* If the acl buffer was too short, redo open with longer one.
+		   Wouldn't need to do this if there were some system imposed
+		   limit on the size of an ACL, but I can't find any such. */
+		{
+		  xabpro.xab$l_aclbuf = (char *) alloca (xabpro.xab$w_acllen);
+		  xabpro.xab$w_aclsiz = xabpro.xab$w_acllen;
+		  if (SYS$OPEN (&fab, 0, 0) & 1)
+		    SYS$CLOSE (&fab, 0, 0);
+		  else
+		    old = 0;
+		}
+	    }
+	  else
+	    xabpro.xab$l_aclbuf = 0;
+	}
+      else
+	old = 0;
+    }
+  fab.fab$l_fna = new;
+  fab.fab$b_fns = strlen (new);
+  if (!old)
+    {
+      fab.fab$l_xab = 0;
+      fab.fab$b_rfm = vms_stmlf_recfm ? FAB$C_STMLF : FAB$C_VAR;
+      fab.fab$b_rat = FAB$M_CR;
+    }
+
+  /* Set the file protections such that we will be able to manipulate
+     this file.  Once we are done writing and renaming it, we will set
+     the protections back.  */
+  if (old)
+    vms_fab_final_pro = xabpro.xab$w_pro;
+  else
+    SYS$SETDFPROT (0, &vms_fab_final_pro);
+  xabpro.xab$w_pro &= 0xff0f; /* set O:rewd for now. This is set back later. */
+
+  /* Create the new file with either default attrs or attrs copied
+     from old file. */
+  if (!(SYS$CREATE (&fab, 0, 0) & 1))
+    return -1;
+  SYS$CLOSE (&fab, 0, 0);
+  /* As this is a "replacement" for creat, return a file descriptor
+     opened for writing. */
+  return open (new, O_WRONLY);
+}
+
+int
+vms_creat (CONST char *path, int mode, ...)
+{
+  int rfd;			/* related file descriptor */
+  int fd;			/* Our new file descriptor */
+  int count;
+  struct stat st_buf;
+  char rfm[12];
+  char rat[15];
+  char mrs[13];
+  char fsz[13];
+  extern int vms_stmlf_recfm;
+
+  /* #### there was some weird machine-dependent code to determine how many
+     arguments were passed to this function.  This certainly won't work
+     under ANSI C. */
+  if (count > 2)
+    rfd = fix this;
+  if (count > 2)
+    {
+      /* Use information from the related file descriptor to set record
+	 format of the newly created file. */
+      fstat (rfd, &st_buf);
+      switch (st_buf.st_fab_rfm)
+	{
+	case FAB$C_FIX:
+	  strcpy (rfm, "rfm = fix");
+	  sprintf (mrs, "mrs = %d", st_buf.st_fab_mrs);
+	  strcpy (rat, "rat = ");
+	  if (st_buf.st_fab_rat & FAB$M_CR)
+	    strcat (rat, "cr");
+	  else if (st_buf.st_fab_rat & FAB$M_FTN)
+	    strcat (rat, "ftn");
+	  else if (st_buf.st_fab_rat & FAB$M_PRN)
+	    strcat (rat, "prn");
+	  if (st_buf.st_fab_rat & FAB$M_BLK)
+	    if (st_buf.st_fab_rat & (FAB$M_CR|FAB$M_FTN|FAB$M_PRN))
+	      strcat (rat, ", blk");
+	    else
+	      strcat (rat, "blk");
+	  return creat (name, 0, rfm, rat, mrs);
+
+	case FAB$C_VFC:
+	  strcpy (rfm, "rfm = vfc");
+	  sprintf (fsz, "fsz = %d", st_buf.st_fab_fsz);
+	  strcpy (rat, "rat = ");
+	  if (st_buf.st_fab_rat & FAB$M_CR)
+	    strcat (rat, "cr");
+	  else if (st_buf.st_fab_rat & FAB$M_FTN)
+	    strcat (rat, "ftn");
+	  else if (st_buf.st_fab_rat & FAB$M_PRN)
+	    strcat (rat, "prn");
+	  if (st_buf.st_fab_rat & FAB$M_BLK)
+	    if (st_buf.st_fab_rat & (FAB$M_CR|FAB$M_FTN|FAB$M_PRN))
+	      strcat (rat, ", blk");
+	    else
+	      strcat (rat, "blk");
+	  return creat (name, 0, rfm, rat, fsz);
+
+	case FAB$C_STM:
+	  strcpy (rfm, "rfm = stm");
+	  break;
+
+	case FAB$C_STMCR:
+	  strcpy (rfm, "rfm = stmcr");
+	  break;
+
+	case FAB$C_STMLF:
+	  strcpy (rfm, "rfm = stmlf");
+	  break;
+
+	case FAB$C_UDF:
+	  strcpy (rfm, "rfm = udf");
+	  break;
+
+	case FAB$C_VAR:
+	  strcpy (rfm, "rfm = var");
+	  break;
+	}
+      strcpy (rat, "rat = ");
+      if (st_buf.st_fab_rat & FAB$M_CR)
+	strcat (rat, "cr");
+      else if (st_buf.st_fab_rat & FAB$M_FTN)
+	strcat (rat, "ftn");
+      else if (st_buf.st_fab_rat & FAB$M_PRN)
+	strcat (rat, "prn");
+      if (st_buf.st_fab_rat & FAB$M_BLK)
+	if (st_buf.st_fab_rat & (FAB$M_CR|FAB$M_FTN|FAB$M_PRN))
+	  strcat (rat, ", blk");
+	else
+	  strcat (rat, "blk");
+    }
+  else
+    {
+      strcpy (rfm, vms_stmlf_recfm ? "rfm = stmlf" : "rfm=var");
+      strcpy (rat, "rat=cr");
+    }
+  /* Until the VAX C RTL fixes the many bugs with modes, always use
+     mode 0 to get the user's default protection. */
+  fd = creat (name, 0, rfm, rat);
+  if (fd < 0 && errno == EEXIST)
+    {
+      if (unlink (name) < 0)
+	report_file_error ("delete", build_string (name));
+      fd = creat (name, 0, rfm, rat);
+    }
+  return fd;
+}
+
+/* fwrite to stdout is S L O W.  Speed it up by using fputc...*/
+int
+vms_fwrite (CONST void *ptr, int size, int num, FILE *fp)
+{
+  int tot = num * size;
+
+  while (tot--)
+    fputc (* (CONST char *) ptr++, fp);
+  return (num);
+}
+
+/*
+ * The VMS C library routine creat actually creates a new version of an
+ * existing file rather than truncating the old version.  There are times
+ * when this is not the desired behavior, for instance, when writing an
+ * auto save file (you only want one version), or when you don't have
+ * write permission in the directory containing the file (but the file
+ * itself is writable).  Hence this routine, which is equivalent to 
+ * "close (creat (fn, 0));" on Unix if fn already exists.
+ */
+int
+vms_truncate (char *fn)
+{
+  struct FAB xfab = cc$rms_fab;
+  struct RAB xrab = cc$rms_rab;
+  int status;
+
+  xfab.fab$l_fop = FAB$M_TEF;	/* free allocated but unused blocks on close */
+  xfab.fab$b_fac = FAB$M_TRN | FAB$M_GET; /* allow truncate and get access */
+  xfab.fab$b_shr = FAB$M_NIL;	/* allow no sharing - file must be locked */
+  xfab.fab$l_fna = fn;
+  xfab.fab$b_fns = strlen (fn);
+  xfab.fab$l_dna = ";0";	/* default to latest version of the file */
+  xfab.fab$b_dns = 2;
+  xrab.rab$l_fab = &xfab;
+
+  /* This gibberish opens the file, positions to the first record, and
+     deletes all records from there until the end of file. */
+  if ((SYS$OPEN (&xfab) & 01) == 01)
+    {
+      if ((SYS$CONNECT (&xrab) & 01) == 01 &&
+	  (SYS$FIND (&xrab) & 01) == 01 &&
+	  (SYS$TRUNCATE (&xrab) & 01) == 01)
+	status = 0;
+      else
+	status = -1;
+    }
+  else
+    status = -1;
+  SYS$CLOSE (&xfab);
+  return status;
+}
+
+/* Define this symbol to actually read SYSUAF.DAT.  This requires either
+   SYSPRV or a readable SYSUAF.DAT. */
+
+#ifdef READ_SYSUAF
+/*
+ * getuaf.c
+ *
+ * Routine to read the VMS User Authorization File and return
+ * a specific user's record.
+ */
+
+static struct UAF vms_retuaf;
+
+static struct UAF *
+get_uaf_name (char *uname)
+{
+  status;
+  struct FAB uaf_fab;
+  struct RAB uaf_rab;
+  
+  uaf_fab = cc$rms_fab;
+  uaf_rab = cc$rms_rab;
+  /* initialize fab fields */
+  uaf_fab.fab$l_fna = "SYS$SYSTEM:SYSUAF.DAT";
+  uaf_fab.fab$b_fns = 21;
+  uaf_fab.fab$b_fac = FAB$M_GET;
+  uaf_fab.fab$b_org = FAB$C_IDX;
+  uaf_fab.fab$b_shr = FAB$M_GET|FAB$M_PUT|FAB$M_UPD|FAB$M_DEL;
+  /* initialize rab fields */
+  uaf_rab.rab$l_fab = &uaf_fab;
+  /* open the User Authorization File */
+  status = SYS$OPEN (&uaf_fab);
+  if (!(status&1))
+    {
+      errno = EVMSERR;
+      vaxc$errno = status;
+      return 0;
+    }
+  status = SYS$CONNECT (&uaf_rab);
+  if (!(status&1))
+    {
+      errno = EVMSERR;
+      vaxc$errno = status;
+      return 0;
+    }
+  /* read the requested record - index is in uname */
+  uaf_rab.rab$l_kbf = uname;
+  uaf_rab.rab$b_ksz = strlen (uname);
+  uaf_rab.rab$b_rac = RAB$C_KEY;
+  uaf_rab.rab$l_ubf = (char *)&vms_retuaf;
+  uaf_rab.rab$w_usz = sizeof vms_retuaf;
+  status = SYS$GET (&uaf_rab);
+  if (!(status&1))
+    {
+      errno = EVMSERR;
+      vaxc$errno = status;
+      return 0;
+    }
+  /* close the User Authorization File */
+  status = SYS$DISCONNECT (&uaf_rab);
+  if (!(status&1))
+    {
+      errno = EVMSERR;
+      vaxc$errno = status;
+      return 0;
+    }
+  status = SYS$CLOSE (&uaf_fab);
+  if (!(status&1))
+    {
+      errno = EVMSERR;
+      vaxc$errno = status;
+      return 0;
+    }
+  return &vms_retuaf;
+}
+
+static struct UAF *
+get_uaf_uic (unsigned long uic)
+{
+  status;
+  struct FAB uaf_fab;
+  struct RAB uaf_rab;
+  
+  uaf_fab = cc$rms_fab;
+  uaf_rab = cc$rms_rab;
+  /* initialize fab fields */
+  uaf_fab.fab$l_fna = "SYS$SYSTEM:SYSUAF.DAT";
+  uaf_fab.fab$b_fns = 21;
+  uaf_fab.fab$b_fac = FAB$M_GET;
+  uaf_fab.fab$b_org = FAB$C_IDX;
+  uaf_fab.fab$b_shr = FAB$M_GET|FAB$M_PUT|FAB$M_UPD|FAB$M_DEL;
+  /* initialize rab fields */
+  uaf_rab.rab$l_fab = &uaf_fab;
+  /* open the User Authorization File */
+  status = SYS$OPEN (&uaf_fab);
+  if (!(status&1))
+    {
+      errno = EVMSERR;
+      vaxc$errno = status;
+      return 0;
+    }
+  status = SYS$CONNECT (&uaf_rab);
+  if (!(status&1))
+    {
+      errno = EVMSERR;
+      vaxc$errno = status;
+      return 0;
+    }
+  /* read the requested record - index is in uic */
+  uaf_rab.rab$b_krf = 1;	/* 1st alternate key */
+  uaf_rab.rab$l_kbf = (char *) &uic;
+  uaf_rab.rab$b_ksz = sizeof uic;
+  uaf_rab.rab$b_rac = RAB$C_KEY;
+  uaf_rab.rab$l_ubf = (char *)&vms_retuaf;
+  uaf_rab.rab$w_usz = sizeof vms_retuaf;
+  status = SYS$GET (&uaf_rab);
+  if (!(status&1))
+    {
+      errno = EVMSERR;
+      vaxc$errno = status;
+      return 0;
+    }
+  /* close the User Authorization File */
+  status = SYS$DISCONNECT (&uaf_rab);
+  if (!(status&1))
+    {
+      errno = EVMSERR;
+      vaxc$errno = status;
+      return 0;
+    }
+  status = SYS$CLOSE (&uaf_fab);
+  if (!(status&1))
+    {
+      errno = EVMSERR;
+      vaxc$errno = status;
+      return 0;
+    }
+  return &vms_retuaf;
+}
+
+static struct passwd vms_retpw;
+
+static struct passwd *
+cnv_uaf_pw (struct UAF *up)
+{
+  char * ptr;
+
+  /* copy these out first because if the username is 32 chars, the next
+     section will overwrite the first byte of the UIC */
+  vms_retpw.pw_uid = up->uaf$w_mem;
+  vms_retpw.pw_gid = up->uaf$w_grp;
+
+  /* I suppose this is not the best sytle, to possibly overwrite one
+     byte beyond the end of the field, but what the heck... */
+  ptr = &up->uaf$t_username[UAF$S_USERNAME];
+  while (ptr[-1] == ' ')
+    ptr--;
+  *ptr = '\0';
+  strcpy (vms_retpw.pw_name, up->uaf$t_username);
+
+  /* the rest of these are counted ascii strings */
+  strncpy (vms_retpw.pw_gecos, &up->uaf$t_owner[1], up->uaf$t_owner[0]);
+  vms_retpw.pw_gecos[up->uaf$t_owner[0]] = '\0';
+  strncpy (vms_retpw.pw_dir, &up->uaf$t_defdev[1], up->uaf$t_defdev[0]);
+  vms_retpw.pw_dir[up->uaf$t_defdev[0]] = '\0';
+  strncat (vms_retpw.pw_dir, &up->uaf$t_defdir[1], up->uaf$t_defdir[0]);
+  vms_retpw.pw_dir[up->uaf$t_defdev[0] + up->uaf$t_defdir[0]] = '\0';
+  strncpy (vms_retpw.pw_shell, &up->uaf$t_defcli[1], up->uaf$t_defcli[0]);
+  vms_retpw.pw_shell[up->uaf$t_defcli[0]] = '\0';
+
+  return &vms_retpw;
+}
+#else /* not READ_SYSUAF */
+static struct passwd vms_retpw;
+#endif /* not READ_SYSUAF */
+
+struct passwd *
+getpwnam (char *name)
+{
+#ifdef READ_SYSUAF
+  struct UAF *up;
+#else
+  char * user;
+  char * dir;
+  unsigned char * full;
+#endif /* READ_SYSUAF */
+  char *ptr = name;
+
+  while (*ptr)
+    {
+      *ptr = toupper (* (unsigned char *) ptr);
+      ptr++;
+    }
+#ifdef READ_SYSUAF
+  if (!(up = get_uaf_name (name)))
+    return 0;
+  return cnv_uaf_pw (up);
+#else
+  if (strcmp (name, getenv ("USER")) == 0)
+    {
+      vms_retpw.pw_uid = getuid ();
+      vms_retpw.pw_gid = getgid ();
+      strcpy (vms_retpw.pw_name, name);
+      if (full = egetenv ("FULLNAME"))
+	strcpy (vms_retpw.pw_gecos, full);
+      else
+	*vms_retpw.pw_gecos = '\0';
+      strcpy (vms_retpw.pw_dir, egetenv ("HOME"));
+      *vms_retpw.pw_shell = '\0';
+      return &vms_retpw;
+    }
+  else
+    return 0;
+#endif /* not READ_SYSUAF */
+}
+
+struct passwd *
+getpwuid (unsigned long uid)
+{
+#ifdef READ_SYSUAF
+  struct UAF * up;
+
+  if (!(up = get_uaf_uic (uid)))
+    return 0;
+  return cnv_uaf_pw (up);
+#else
+  if (uid == sys_getuid ())
+    return getpwnam (egetenv ("USER"));
+  else
+    return 0;
+#endif /* not READ_SYSUAF */
+}
+
+/* return total address space available to the current process.  This is
+   the sum of the current p0 size, p1 size and free page table entries
+   available. */
+int
+vlimit (void)
+{
+  int item_code;
+  unsigned long free_pages;
+  unsigned long frep0va;
+  unsigned long frep1va;
+  status;
+
+  item_code = JPI$_FREPTECNT;
+  if (((status = LIB$GETJPI (&item_code, 0, 0, &free_pages)) & 1) == 0)
+    {
+      errno = EVMSERR;
+      vaxc$errno = status;
+      return -1;
+    }
+  free_pages *= 512;
+
+  item_code = JPI$_FREP0VA;
+  if (((status = LIB$GETJPI (&item_code, 0, 0, &frep0va)) & 1) == 0)
+    {
+      errno = EVMSERR;
+      vaxc$errno = status;
+      return -1;
+    }
+  item_code = JPI$_FREP1VA;
+  if (((status = LIB$GETJPI (&item_code, 0, 0, &frep1va)) & 1) == 0)
+    {
+      errno = EVMSERR;
+      vaxc$errno = status;
+      return -1;
+    }
+
+  return free_pages + frep0va + (0x7fffffff - frep1va);
+}
+
+int
+define_logical_name (char *varname, char *string)
+{
+  struct dsc$descriptor_s strdsc =
+    {strlen (string), DSC$K_DTYPE_T, DSC$K_CLASS_S, string};
+  struct dsc$descriptor_s envdsc =
+    {strlen (varname), DSC$K_DTYPE_T, DSC$K_CLASS_S, varname};
+  struct dsc$descriptor_s lnmdsc =
+    {7, DSC$K_DTYPE_T, DSC$K_CLASS_S, "LNM$JOB"};
+
+  return LIB$SET_LOGICAL (&envdsc, &strdsc, &lnmdsc, 0, 0);
+}
+
+int
+delete_logical_name (char *varname)
+{
+  struct dsc$descriptor_s envdsc =
+    {strlen (varname), DSC$K_DTYPE_T, DSC$K_CLASS_S, varname};
+  struct dsc$descriptor_s lnmdsc =
+    {7, DSC$K_DTYPE_T, DSC$K_CLASS_S, "LNM$JOB"};
+
+  return LIB$DELETE_LOGICAL (&envdsc, &lnmdsc);
+}
+
+execvp (void)
+{
+  error ("execvp system call not implemented");
+}
+
+int
+rename (char *from, char *to)
+{
+  int status;
+  struct FAB from_fab = cc$rms_fab, to_fab = cc$rms_fab;
+  struct NAM from_nam = cc$rms_nam, to_nam = cc$rms_nam;
+  char from_esn[NAM$C_MAXRSS];
+  char to_esn[NAM$C_MAXRSS];
+
+  from_fab.fab$l_fna = from;
+  from_fab.fab$b_fns = strlen (from);
+  from_fab.fab$l_nam = &from_nam;
+  from_fab.fab$l_fop = FAB$M_NAM;
+
+  from_nam.nam$l_esa = from_esn;
+  from_nam.nam$b_ess = sizeof from_esn;
+
+  to_fab.fab$l_fna = to;
+  to_fab.fab$b_fns = strlen (to);
+  to_fab.fab$l_nam = &to_nam;
+  to_fab.fab$l_fop = FAB$M_NAM;
+
+  to_nam.nam$l_esa = to_esn;
+  to_nam.nam$b_ess = sizeof to_esn;
+
+  status = SYS$RENAME (&from_fab, 0, 0, &to_fab);
+
+  if (status & 1)
+    return 0;
+  else
+    {
+      if (status == RMS$_DEV)
+	errno = EXDEV;
+      else
+	errno = EVMSERR;
+      vaxc$errno = status;
+      return -1;
+    }
+}
+
+/* This function renames a file like `rename', but it strips
+   the version number from the "to" filename, such that the "to" file is
+   will always be a new version.  It also sets the file protection once it is
+   finished.  The protection that we will use is stored in vms_fab_final_pro,
+   and was set when we did a creat_copy_attrs to create the file that we
+   are renaming.
+
+   We could use the chmod function, but Eunichs uses 3 bits per user category
+   to describe the protection, and VMS uses 4 (write and delete are separate
+   bits).  To maintain portability, the VMS implementation of `chmod' wires
+   the W and D bits together.  */
+
+ 
+static char vms_file_written[NAM$C_MAXRSS];
+
+int
+rename_sans_version (char *from, char *to)
+{
+  short int chan;
+  int stat;
+  short int iosb[4];
+  int status;
+  struct fibdef fib;
+  struct FAB to_fab = cc$rms_fab;
+  struct NAM to_nam = cc$rms_nam;
+  struct dsc$descriptor fib_d ={sizeof (fib),0,0,(char*) &fib};
+  struct dsc$descriptor fib_attr[2]
+    = {{sizeof (vms_fab_final_pro),ATR$C_FPRO,0,(char*) &vms_fab_final_pro},{0,0,0,0}};
+  char to_esn[NAM$C_MAXRSS];
+
+  $DESCRIPTOR (disk,to_esn);
+
+  memset (&fib, 0, sizeof (fib));
+
+  to_fab.fab$l_fna = to;
+  to_fab.fab$b_fns = strlen (to);
+  to_fab.fab$l_nam = &to_nam;
+  to_fab.fab$l_fop = FAB$M_NAM;
+
+  to_nam.nam$l_esa = to_esn;
+  to_nam.nam$b_ess = sizeof to_esn;
+
+  status = SYS$PARSE (&to_fab, 0, 0); /* figure out the full file name */
+
+  if (to_nam.nam$l_fnb && NAM$M_EXP_VER)
+    *(to_nam.nam$l_ver) = '\0';
+
+  stat = rename (from, to_esn);
+  if (stat < 0)
+    return stat;
+
+  strcpy (vms_file_written, to_esn);
+
+  to_fab.fab$l_fna = vms_file_written; /* this points to the versionless name */
+  to_fab.fab$b_fns = strlen (vms_file_written);
+
+  /* Now set the file protection to the correct value */
+  SYS$OPEN (&to_fab, 0, 0);	/* This fills in the nam$w_fid fields */
+
+  /* Copy these fields into the fib */
+  fib.fib$r_fid_overlay.fib$w_fid[0] = to_nam.nam$w_fid[0];
+  fib.fib$r_fid_overlay.fib$w_fid[1] = to_nam.nam$w_fid[1];
+  fib.fib$r_fid_overlay.fib$w_fid[2] = to_nam.nam$w_fid[2];
+
+  SYS$CLOSE (&to_fab, 0, 0);
+
+  stat = SYS$ASSIGN (&disk, &chan, 0, 0); /* open a channel to the disk */
+  if (!stat)
+    LIB$SIGNAL (stat);
+  stat = SYS$QIOW (0, chan, IO$_MODIFY, iosb, 0, 0, &fib_d,
+		   0, 0, 0, &fib_attr, 0);
+  if (!stat)
+    LIB$SIGNAL (stat);
+  stat = SYS$DASSGN (chan);
+  if (!stat)
+    LIB$SIGNAL (stat);
+  strcpy (vms_file_written, to_esn); /* We will write this to the terminal*/
+  return 0;
+}
+
+int
+link (char *file, char *new)
+{
+  status;
+  struct FAB fab;
+  struct NAM nam;
+  unsigned short fid[3];
+  char esa[NAM$C_MAXRSS];
+
+  fab = cc$rms_fab;
+  fab.fab$l_fop = FAB$M_OFP;
+  fab.fab$l_fna = file;
+  fab.fab$b_fns = strlen (file);
+  fab.fab$l_nam = &nam;
+
+  nam = cc$rms_nam;
+  nam.nam$l_esa = esa;
+  nam.nam$b_ess = NAM$C_MAXRSS;
+
+  status = SYS$PARSE (&fab);
+  if ((status & 1) == 0)
+    {
+      errno = EVMSERR;
+      vaxc$errno = status;
+      return -1;
+    }
+  status = SYS$SEARCH (&fab);
+  if ((status & 1) == 0)
+    {
+      errno = EVMSERR;
+      vaxc$errno = status;
+      return -1;
+    }
+
+  fid[0] = nam.nam$w_fid[0];
+  fid[1] = nam.nam$w_fid[1];
+  fid[2] = nam.nam$w_fid[2];
+
+  fab.fab$l_fna = new;
+  fab.fab$b_fns = strlen (new);
+
+  status = SYS$PARSE (&fab);
+  if ((status & 1) == 0)
+    {
+      errno = EVMSERR;
+      vaxc$errno = status;
+      return -1;
+    }
+
+  nam.nam$w_fid[0] = fid[0];
+  nam.nam$w_fid[1] = fid[1];
+  nam.nam$w_fid[2] = fid[2];
+
+  nam.nam$l_esa = nam.nam$l_name;
+  nam.nam$b_esl = nam.nam$b_name + nam.nam$b_type + nam.nam$b_ver;
+
+  status = SYS$ENTER (&fab);
+  if ((status & 1) == 0)
+    {
+      errno = EVMSERR;
+      vaxc$errno = status;
+      return -1;
+    }
+
+  return 0;
+}
+
+#ifdef getenv
+/* If any place else asks for the TERM variable,
+   allow it to be overridden with the EMACS_TERM variable
+   before attempting to translate the logical name TERM.  As a last
+   resort, ask for VAX C's special idea of the TERM variable.  */
+#undef getenv
+char *
+sys_getenv (char *name)
+{
+  char *val;
+  static char buf[256];
+  static struct dsc$descriptor_s equiv
+    = {sizeof (buf), DSC$K_DTYPE_T, DSC$K_CLASS_S, buf};
+  static struct dsc$descriptor_s d_name
+    = {0, DSC$K_DTYPE_T, DSC$K_CLASS_S, 0};
+  short eqlen;
+
+  if (!strcmp (name, "TERM"))
+    {
+      val = (char *) getenv ("EMACS_TERM");
+      if (val)
+	return val;
+    }
+
+  d_name.dsc$w_length = strlen (name);
+  d_name.dsc$a_pointer = name;
+  if (LIB$SYS_TRNLOG (&d_name, &eqlen, &equiv) == 1)
+    {
+      char *str = (char *) xmalloc (eqlen + 1);
+      memcpy (str, buf, eqlen);
+      str[eqlen] = '\0';
+      /* This is a storage leak, but a pain to fix.  With luck,
+	 no one will ever notice.  */
+      return str;
+    }
+  return (char *) getenv (name);
+}
+#endif /* getenv */
+
+#ifdef abort
+/* Since VMS doesn't believe in core dumps, the only way to debug this beast is
+   to force a call on the debugger from within the image. */
+#undef abort
+sys_abort (void)
+{
+  reset_all_consoles ();
+  LIB$SIGNAL (SS$_DEBUG);
+}
+#endif /* abort */
+
+#if 0 /* Apparently unused */
+/* The standard `sleep' routine works some other way
+   and it stops working if you have ever quit out of it.
+   This one continues to work.  */
+
+void
+sys_sleep (int timeval)
+{
+  int time [2];
+  static int zero = 0;
+  static int large = -10000000;
+
+  LIB$EMUL (&timeval, &large, &zero, time); 	  /* Convert to VMS format */
+
+  SYS$CANTIM (1, 0);
+  if (SYS$SETIMR (vms_timer_ef, time, 0, 1) & 1) /* Set timer */
+    SYS$WAITFR (vms_timer_ef);	  /* Wait for timer expiry only */
+}
+#endif /* 0 */
+
+void
+bzero (register char *b, register int length)
+{
+  short zero = 0;
+  long max_str = 65535;
+
+  while (length > max_str) {
+    (void) LIB$MOVC5 (&zero, &zero, &zero, &max_str, b);
+    length -= max_str;
+    b += max_str;
+  }
+  max_str = length;
+  (void) LIB$MOVC5 (&zero, &zero, &zero, &max_str, b);
+}
+
+/* Saying `void' requires a declaration, above, where bcopy is used
+   and that declaration causes pain for systems where bcopy is a macro.  */
+bcopy (register char *b1, register char *b2, register int length)
+{
+  long max_str = 65535;
+
+  while (length > max_str) {
+    (void) LIB$MOVC3 (&max_str, b1, b2);
+    length -= max_str;
+    b1 += max_str;
+    b2 += max_str;
+  }
+  max_str = length;
+  (void) LIB$MOVC3 (&length, b1, b2);
+}
+
+int
+bcmp (register char *b1, register char *b2, register int length)
+/* This could be a macro! */
+{
+  struct dsc$descriptor_s src1 = {length, DSC$K_DTYPE_T, DSC$K_CLASS_S, b1};
+  struct dsc$descriptor_s src2 = {length, DSC$K_DTYPE_T, DSC$K_CLASS_S, b2};
+
+  return STR$COMPARE (&src1, &src2);
+}
+
+#endif /* VMS */
+
+#ifndef HAVE_STRCASECMP
+/*
+ * From BSD
+ */
+static unsigned char charmap[] = {
+        '\000', '\001', '\002', '\003', '\004', '\005', '\006', '\007',
+        '\010', '\011', '\012', '\013', '\014', '\015', '\016', '\017',
+        '\020', '\021', '\022', '\023', '\024', '\025', '\026', '\027',
+        '\030', '\031', '\032', '\033', '\034', '\035', '\036', '\037',
+        '\040', '\041', '\042', '\043', '\044', '\045', '\046', '\047',
+        '\050', '\051', '\052', '\053', '\054', '\055', '\056', '\057',
+        '\060', '\061', '\062', '\063', '\064', '\065', '\066', '\067',
+        '\070', '\071', '\072', '\073', '\074', '\075', '\076', '\077',
+        '\100', '\141', '\142', '\143', '\144', '\145', '\146', '\147',
+        '\150', '\151', '\152', '\153', '\154', '\155', '\156', '\157',
+        '\160', '\161', '\162', '\163', '\164', '\165', '\166', '\167',
+        '\170', '\171', '\172', '\133', '\134', '\135', '\136', '\137',
+        '\140', '\141', '\142', '\143', '\144', '\145', '\146', '\147',
+        '\150', '\151', '\152', '\153', '\154', '\155', '\156', '\157',
+        '\160', '\161', '\162', '\163', '\164', '\165', '\166', '\167',
+        '\170', '\171', '\172', '\173', '\174', '\175', '\176', '\177',
+        '\200', '\201', '\202', '\203', '\204', '\205', '\206', '\207',
+        '\210', '\211', '\212', '\213', '\214', '\215', '\216', '\217',
+        '\220', '\221', '\222', '\223', '\224', '\225', '\226', '\227',
+        '\230', '\231', '\232', '\233', '\234', '\235', '\236', '\237',
+        '\240', '\241', '\242', '\243', '\244', '\245', '\246', '\247',
+        '\250', '\251', '\252', '\253', '\254', '\255', '\256', '\257',
+        '\260', '\261', '\262', '\263', '\264', '\265', '\266', '\267',
+        '\270', '\271', '\272', '\273', '\274', '\275', '\276', '\277',
+        '\300', '\301', '\302', '\303', '\304', '\305', '\306', '\307',
+        '\310', '\311', '\312', '\313', '\314', '\315', '\316', '\317',
+        '\320', '\321', '\322', '\323', '\324', '\325', '\326', '\327',
+        '\330', '\331', '\332', '\333', '\334', '\335', '\336', '\337',
+        '\340', '\341', '\342', '\343', '\344', '\345', '\346', '\347',
+        '\350', '\351', '\352', '\353', '\354', '\355', '\356', '\357',
+        '\360', '\361', '\362', '\363', '\364', '\365', '\366', '\367',
+        '\370', '\371', '\372', '\373', '\374', '\375', '\376', '\377',
+};
+
+int
+strcasecmp (char *s1, char *s2)
+{
+  unsigned char *cm = charmap;
+  unsigned char *us1 = (unsigned char *) s1;
+  unsigned char *us2 = (unsigned char *)s2;
+
+  while (cm[*us1] == cm[*us2++])
+    if (*us1++ == '\0')
+      return (0);
+
+  return (cm[*us1] - cm[*--us2]);
+}
+#endif /* !HAVE_STRCASECMP */