--- /dev/null	Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000
+++ b/lisp/prim/files.el	Mon Aug 13 08:45:50 2007 +0200
@@ -0,0 +1,2920 @@
+;;; files.el --- file input and output commands for XEmacs.
+
+;; Copyright (C) 1985-1987, 1992-1995 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+;; Copyright (C) 1995 Sun Microsystems.
+
+;; This file is part of XEmacs.
+
+;; XEmacs is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+;; under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+;; the Free Software Foundation; either version 2, or (at your option)
+;; any later version.
+
+;; XEmacs is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
+;; WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+;; MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
+;; General Public License for more details.
+
+;; You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+;; along with XEmacs; see the file COPYING.  If not, write to the Free
+;; Software Foundation, 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
+
+;;; Synched up with: FSF 19.30.
+;;; Warning: Merging this file is tough.  Beware.
+
+;;; Commentary:
+
+;; Defines most of XEmacs's file- and directory-handling functions,
+;; including basic file visiting, backup generation, link handling,
+;; ITS-id version control, load- and write-hook handling, and the like.
+
+;;; Code:
+
+;; Avoid compilation warnings.
+(defvar overriding-file-coding-system)
+(defvar file-coding-system)
+
+;; In buffer.c
+;(defconst delete-auto-save-files t
+;  "*Non-nil means delete auto-save file when a buffer is saved or killed.")
+
+;;; Turn off backup files on VMS since it has version numbers.
+(defconst make-backup-files (not (eq system-type 'vax-vms))
+  "*Non-nil means make a backup of a file the first time it is saved.
+This can be done by renaming the file or by copying.
+
+Renaming means that XEmacs renames the existing file so that it is a
+backup file, then writes the buffer into a new file.  Any other names
+that the old file had will now refer to the backup file.  The new file
+is owned by you and its group is defaulted.
+
+Copying means that XEmacs copies the existing file into the backup
+file, then writes the buffer on top of the existing file.  Any other
+names that the old file had will now refer to the new (edited) file.
+The file's owner and group are unchanged.
+
+The choice of renaming or copying is controlled by the variables
+`backup-by-copying', `backup-by-copying-when-linked' and
+`backup-by-copying-when-mismatch'.  See also `backup-inhibited'.")
+
+;; Do this so that local variables based on the file name
+;; are not overridden by the major mode.
+(defvar backup-inhibited nil
+  "Non-nil means don't make a backup, regardless of the other parameters.
+This variable is intended for use by making it local to a buffer.
+But it is local only if you make it local.")
+(put 'backup-inhibited 'permanent-local t)
+
+(defconst backup-by-copying nil
+ "*Non-nil means always use copying to create backup files.
+See documentation of variable `make-backup-files'.")
+
+(defconst backup-by-copying-when-linked nil
+ "*Non-nil means use copying to create backups for files with multiple names.
+This causes the alternate names to refer to the latest version as edited.
+This variable is relevant only if `backup-by-copying' is nil.")
+
+(defconst backup-by-copying-when-mismatch nil
+  "*Non-nil means create backups by copying if this preserves owner or group.
+Renaming may still be used (subject to control of other variables)
+when it would not result in changing the owner or group of the file;
+that is, for files which are owned by you and whose group matches
+the default for a new file created there by you.
+This variable is relevant only if `backup-by-copying' is nil.")
+
+(defvar backup-enable-predicate
+  '(lambda (name)
+     (or (< (length name) 5)
+	 (not (string-equal "/tmp/" (substring name 0 5)))))
+  "Predicate that looks at a file name and decides whether to make backups.
+Called with an absolute file name as argument, it returns t to enable backup.")
+
+(defconst buffer-offer-save nil
+  "*Non-nil in a buffer means offer to save the buffer on exit
+even if the buffer is not visiting a file.
+Automatically local in all buffers.")
+(make-variable-buffer-local 'buffer-offer-save)
+
+(defvaralias 'find-file-visit-truename 'find-file-use-truenames)
+(defvaralias 'find-file-existing-other-name 'find-file-compare-truenames)
+
+(defvar buffer-file-number nil
+  "The device number and file number of the file visited in the current buffer.
+The value is a list of the form (FILENUM DEVNUM).
+This pair of numbers uniquely identifies the file.
+If the buffer is visiting a new file, the value is nil.")
+(make-variable-buffer-local 'buffer-file-number)
+(put 'buffer-file-number 'permanent-local t)
+
+(defconst file-precious-flag nil
+  "*Non-nil means protect against I/O errors while saving files.
+Some modes set this non-nil in particular buffers.
+
+This feature works by writing the new contents into a temporary file
+and then renaming the temporary file to replace the original.
+In this way, any I/O error in writing leaves the original untouched,
+and there is never any instant where the file is nonexistent.
+
+Note that this feature forces backups to be made by copying.
+Yet, at the same time, saving a precious file
+breaks any hard links between it and other files.")
+
+(defvar version-control nil
+  "*Control use of version numbers for backup files.
+t means make numeric backup versions unconditionally.
+nil means make them for files that have some already.
+`never' means do not make them.")
+
+(defvar dired-kept-versions 2
+  "*When cleaning directory, number of versions to keep.")
+
+(defvar delete-old-versions nil
+  "*If t, delete excess backup versions silently.
+If nil, ask confirmation.  Any other value prevents any trimming.")
+
+(defvar kept-old-versions 2
+  "*Number of oldest versions to keep when a new numbered backup is made.")
+
+(defvar kept-new-versions 2
+  "*Number of newest versions to keep when a new numbered backup is made.
+Includes the new backup.  Must be > 0")
+
+(defconst require-final-newline nil
+  "*Value of t says silently ensure a file ends in a newline when it is saved.
+Non-nil but not t says ask user whether to add a newline when there isn't one.
+nil means don't add newlines.")
+
+(defconst auto-save-default t
+  "*Non-nil says by default do auto-saving of every file-visiting buffer.")
+
+(defconst auto-save-visited-file-name nil
+  "*Non-nil says auto-save a buffer in the file it is visiting, when practical.
+Normally auto-save files are written under other names.")
+
+(defconst save-abbrevs nil
+  "*Non-nil means save word abbrevs too when files are saved.
+Loading an abbrev file sets this to t.")
+
+(defconst find-file-run-dired t
+  "*Non-nil says run dired if `find-file' is given the name of a directory.")
+
+;;;It is not useful to make this a local variable.
+;;;(put 'find-file-not-found-hooks 'permanent-local t)
+(defvar find-file-not-found-hooks nil
+  "List of functions to be called for `find-file' on nonexistent file.
+These functions are called as soon as the error is detected.
+`buffer-file-name' is already set up.
+The functions are called in the order given until one of them returns non-nil.")
+
+;;;It is not useful to make this a local variable.
+;;;(put 'find-file-hooks 'permanent-local t)
+(defvar find-file-hooks nil
+  "List of functions to be called after a buffer is loaded from a file.
+The buffer's local variables (if any) will have been processed before the
+functions are called.")
+
+(defvar write-file-hooks nil
+  "List of functions to be called before writing out a buffer to a file.
+If one of them returns non-nil, the file is considered already written
+and the rest are not called.
+These hooks are considered to pertain to the visited file.
+So this list is cleared if you change the visited file name.
+See also `write-contents-hooks' and `continue-save-buffer'.
+Don't make this variable buffer-local; instead, use `local-write-file-hooks'.")
+;;; However, in case someone does make it local...
+(put 'write-file-hooks 'permanent-local t)
+
+(defvar local-write-file-hooks nil
+  "Just like `write-file-hooks', except intended for per-buffer use.
+The functions in this list are called before the ones in
+`write-file-hooks'.")
+(make-variable-buffer-local 'local-write-file-hooks)
+(put 'local-write-file-hooks 'permanent-local t)
+
+
+;; #### think about this (added by Sun).
+(put 'after-set-visited-file-name-hooks 'permanent-local t)
+(defvar after-set-visited-file-name-hooks nil
+  "List of functions to be called after \\[set-visited-file-name]
+or during \\[write-file].
+You can use this hook to restore local values of write-file-hooks,
+after-save-hook, and revert-buffer-function, which pertain
+to a specific file and therefore are normally killed by a rename.
+Put hooks pertaining to the buffer contents on write-contents-hooks
+and revert-buffer-insert-file-contents-function.")
+
+(defvar write-contents-hooks nil
+  "List of functions to be called before writing out a buffer to a file.
+If one of them returns non-nil, the file is considered already written
+and the rest are not called.
+These hooks are considered to pertain to the buffer's contents,
+not to the particular visited file; thus, `set-visited-file-name' does
+not clear this variable, but changing the major mode does clear it.
+See also `write-file-hooks' and `continue-save-buffer'.")
+
+;;  Not in FSF19
+;;  Energize needed this to hook into save-buffer at a lower level; we need
+;;  to provide a new output method, but don't want to have to duplicate all
+;;  of the backup file and file modes logic.that does not occur if one uses
+;;  a write-file-hook which returns non-nil.
+(put 'write-file-data-hooks 'permanent-local t)
+(defvar write-file-data-hooks nil
+  "List of functions to be called to put the bytes on disk.  
+These functions receive the name of the file to write to as argument.
+The default behavior is to call 
+  (write-region (point-min) (point-max) filename nil t)
+If one of them returns non-nil, the file is considered already written
+and the rest are not called.
+These hooks are considered to pertain to the visited file.
+So this list is cleared if you change the visited file name.
+See also `write-file-hooks'.")
+
+(defconst enable-local-variables t
+  "*Control use of local-variables lists in files you visit.
+The value can be t, nil or something else.
+A value of t means local-variables lists are obeyed;
+nil means they are ignored; anything else means query.
+
+The command \\[normal-mode] always obeys local-variables lists
+and ignores this variable.")
+
+(defconst enable-local-eval 'maybe
+  "*Control processing of the \"variable\" `eval' in a file's local variables.
+The value can be t, nil or something else.
+A value of t means obey `eval' variables;
+nil means ignore them; anything else means query.
+
+The command \\[normal-mode] always obeys local-variables lists
+and ignores this variable.")
+
+(defvar hack-local-variables-hook nil
+  "Normal hook run after processing a file's local variables specs.
+Major modes can use this to examine user-specified local variables
+in order to initialize other data structure based on them.
+
+This hook runs even if there were no local variables or if their
+evaluation was suppressed.  See also `enable-local-variables' and
+`enable-local-eval'.")
+
+;; Avoid losing in versions where CLASH_DETECTION is disabled.
+(or (fboundp 'lock-buffer)
+    (defalias 'lock-buffer 'ignore))
+(or (fboundp 'unlock-buffer)
+    (defalias 'unlock-buffer 'ignore))
+
+;;FSFmacs bastardized ange-ftp cruft
+;; This hook function provides support for ange-ftp host name
+;; completion.  It runs the usual ange-ftp hook, but only for
+;; completion operations.  Having this here avoids the need
+;; to load ange-ftp when it's not really in use.
+;(defun ange-ftp-completion-hook-function (op &rest args)
+;  (if (memq op '(file-name-completion file-name-all-completions))
+;      (apply 'ange-ftp-hook-function op args)
+;    (let ((inhibit-file-name-handlers
+;	   (cons 'ange-ftp-completion-hook-function
+;		 (and (eq inhibit-file-name-operation op)
+;		      inhibit-file-name-handlers)))
+;	  (inhibit-file-name-operation op))
+;      (apply op args))
+
+(defun pwd ()
+  "Show the current default directory."
+  (interactive nil)
+  (message "Directory %s" default-directory))
+
+(defvar cd-path nil
+  "Value of the CDPATH environment variable, as a list.
+Not actually set up until the first time you you use it.")
+
+(defvar path-separator ":"
+  "Character used to separate concatenated paths.")
+
+(defun parse-colon-path (cd-path)
+  "Explode a colon-separated list of paths into a string list."
+  (and cd-path
+       (let (cd-list (cd-start 0) cd-colon)
+	 (setq cd-path (concat cd-path path-separator))
+	 (while (setq cd-colon (string-match path-separator cd-path cd-start))
+	   (setq cd-list
+		 (nconc cd-list
+			(list (if (= cd-start cd-colon)
+				   nil
+				(substitute-in-file-name
+				 (file-name-as-directory
+				  (substring cd-path cd-start cd-colon)))))))
+	   (setq cd-start (+ cd-colon 1)))
+	 cd-list)))
+
+(defun cd-absolute (dir)
+  "Change current directory to given absolute file name DIR."
+  ;; Put the name into directory syntax now,
+  ;; because otherwise expand-file-name may give some bad results.
+  (if (not (eq system-type 'vax-vms))
+      (setq dir (file-name-as-directory dir)))
+  ;; XEmacs change: stig@hackvan.com
+  (if find-file-use-truenames
+      (setq dir (file-truename dir)))
+  (setq dir (abbreviate-file-name (expand-file-name dir)))
+  (cond ((not (file-directory-p dir))
+         (error "%s is not a directory" dir))
+	;; this breaks ange-ftp, which doesn't (can't?) overload `file-executable-p'.
+        ;;((not (file-executable-p dir))
+        ;; (error "Cannot cd to %s:  Permission denied" dir))
+        (t
+         (setq default-directory dir))))
+
+(defun cd (dir)
+  "Make DIR become the current buffer's default directory.
+If your environment includes a `CDPATH' variable, try each one of that
+colon-separated list of directories when resolving a relative directory name."
+;  (interactive "DChange default directory: ")
+  (interactive
+   ;; XEmacs change?
+   (list (read-directory-name "Change default directory: "
+			      default-directory default-directory
+			      (and (member cd-path '(nil ("./")))
+				   (null (getenv "CDPATH"))))))
+  (if (file-name-absolute-p dir)
+      (cd-absolute (expand-file-name dir))
+    (progn
+      (if (null cd-path)
+          ;;#### Unix-specific
+          (let ((trypath (parse-colon-path (getenv "CDPATH"))))
+            (setq cd-path (or trypath (list "./")))))
+      (or (catch 'found
+            (mapcar #'(lambda (x)
+                        (let ((f (expand-file-name (concat x dir))))
+                          (if (file-directory-p f)
+                              (progn
+                                (cd-absolute f)
+                                (throw 'found t)))))
+                    cd-path)
+            nil)
+	  ;; jwz: give a better error message to those of us with the
+	  ;; good taste not to use a kludge like $CDPATH.
+	  (if (equal cd-path '("./"))
+	      (error "No such directory: %s" (expand-file-name dir))
+	    (error "Directory not found in $CDPATH: %s" dir))))))
+
+(defun load-file (file)
+  "Load the Lisp file named FILE."
+  (interactive "fLoad file: ")
+  (load (expand-file-name file) nil nil t))
+
+; We now dump utils/lib-complete.el which has improved versions of these.
+;(defun load-library (library)
+;  "Load the library named LIBRARY.
+;This is an interface to the function `load'."
+;  (interactive "sLoad library: ")
+;  (load library))
+;
+;(defun find-library (library)
+;  "Find the library of Lisp code named LIBRARY.
+;This searches `load-path' for a file named either \"LIBRARY\" or \"LIBRARY.el\"."
+;  (interactive "sFind library file: ")
+;  (let ((f (locate-file library load-path ":.el:")))
+;    (if f
+;        (find-file f)
+;        (error "Couldn't locate library %s" library))))
+
+(defun file-local-copy (file &optional buffer)
+  "Copy the file FILE into a temporary file on this machine.
+Returns the name of the local copy, or nil, if FILE is directly
+accessible."
+  (let ((handler (find-file-name-handler file 'file-local-copy)))
+    (if handler
+	(funcall handler 'file-local-copy file)
+      nil)))
+
+; We have this in C and use the realpath() system call.
+
+;(defun file-truename (filename &optional counter prev-dirs)
+;  "Return the truename of FILENAME, which should be absolute.
+;The truename of a file name is found by chasing symbolic links
+;both at the level of the file and at the level of the directories
+;containing it, until no links are left at any level.
+;
+;The arguments COUNTER and PREV-DIRS are used only in recursive calls.
+;Do not specify them in other calls."
+;  ;; COUNTER can be a cons cell whose car is the count of how many more links
+;  ;; to chase before getting an error.
+;  ;; PREV-DIRS can be a cons cell whose car is an alist
+;  ;; of truenames we've just recently computed.
+;  ;; The last test looks dubious, maybe `+' is meant here?  --simon.
+;  (if (or (string= filename "") (string= filename "~")
+;	  (and (string= (substring filename 0 1) "~")
+;	       (string-match "~[^/]*" filename)))
+;      (progn
+;	(setq filename (expand-file-name filename))
+;	(if (string= filename "")
+;	    (setq filename "/"))))
+;  (or counter (setq counter (list 100)))
+;  (let (done
+;	;; For speed, remove the ange-ftp completion handler from the list.
+;	;; We know it's not needed here.
+;	;; For even more speed, do this only on the outermost call.
+;	(file-name-handler-alist
+;	 (if prev-dirs file-name-handler-alist
+;	   (let ((tem (copy-sequence file-name-handler-alist)))
+;	     (delq (rassq 'ange-ftp-completion-hook-function tem) tem)))))
+;    (or prev-dirs (setq prev-dirs (list nil)))
+;    ;; If this file directly leads to a link, process that iteratively
+;    ;; so that we don't use lots of stack.
+;    (while (not done)
+;      (setcar counter (1- (car counter)))
+;      (if (< (car counter) 0)
+;	  (error "Apparent cycle of symbolic links for %s" filename))
+;      (let ((handler (find-file-name-handler filename 'file-truename)))
+;	;; For file name that has a special handler, call handler.
+;	;; This is so that ange-ftp can save time by doing a no-op.
+;	(if handler
+;	    (setq filename (funcall handler 'file-truename filename)
+;		  done t)
+;	  (let ((dir (or (file-name-directory filename) default-directory))
+;		target dirfile)
+;	    ;; Get the truename of the directory.
+;	    (setq dirfile (directory-file-name dir))
+;	    ;; If these are equal, we have the (or a) root directory.
+;	    (or (string= dir dirfile)
+;		;; If this is the same dir we last got the truename for,
+;		;; save time--don't recalculate.
+;		(if (assoc dir (car prev-dirs))
+;		    (setq dir (cdr (assoc dir (car prev-dirs))))
+;		  (let ((old dir)
+;			(new (file-name-as-directory (file-truename dirfile counter prev-dirs))))
+;		    (setcar prev-dirs (cons (cons old new) (car prev-dirs)))
+;		    (setq dir new))))
+;	    (if (equal ".." (file-name-nondirectory filename))
+;		(setq filename
+;		      (directory-file-name (file-name-directory (directory-file-name dir)))
+;		      done t)
+;	      (if (equal "." (file-name-nondirectory filename))
+;		  (setq filename (directory-file-name dir)
+;			done t)
+;		;; Put it back on the file name.
+;		(setq filename (concat dir (file-name-nondirectory filename)))
+;		;; Is the file name the name of a link?
+;		(setq target (file-symlink-p filename))
+;		(if target
+;		    ;; Yes => chase that link, then start all over
+;		    ;; since the link may point to a directory name that uses links.
+;		    ;; We can't safely use expand-file-name here
+;		    ;; since target might look like foo/../bar where foo
+;		    ;; is itself a link.  Instead, we handle . and .. above.
+;		    (setq filename
+;			  (if (file-name-absolute-p target)
+;			      target
+;			    (concat dir target))
+;			  done nil)
+;		  ;; No, we are done!
+;		  (setq done t))))))))
+;    filename))
+
+;; XEmacs addition.  Called from `insert-file-contents-internal'
+;; at the appropriate time.
+(defun compute-buffer-file-truename (&optional buffer)
+  "Recomputes BUFFER's value of `buffer-file-truename'
+based on the current value of `buffer-file-name'.
+BUFFER defaults to the current buffer if unspecified."
+  (save-excursion
+    (set-buffer (or buffer (current-buffer)))
+    (cond ((null buffer-file-name)
+	   (setq buffer-file-truename nil))
+	  ((setq buffer-file-truename (file-truename buffer-file-name))
+	   ;; it exists, we're done.
+	   nil)
+	  (t
+	   ;; the file doesn't exist, but maybe the directory does.
+	   (let* ((dir (file-name-directory buffer-file-name))
+		  (truedir (file-truename dir)))
+	     (if truedir (setq dir truedir))
+	     (setq buffer-file-truename
+		   (expand-file-name (file-name-nondirectory buffer-file-name)
+				     dir)))))
+    (if (and find-file-use-truenames buffer-file-truename)
+	(setq buffer-file-name (abbreviate-file-name buffer-file-truename)
+	      default-directory (file-name-directory buffer-file-name)))
+    buffer-file-truename))
+
+(defun file-chase-links (filename)
+  "Chase links in FILENAME until a name that is not a link.
+Does not examine containing directories for links,
+unlike `file-truename'."
+  (let (tem (count 100) (newname filename))
+    (while (setq tem (file-symlink-p newname))
+      (if (= count 0)
+	  (error "Apparent cycle of symbolic links for %s" filename))
+      ;; In the context of a link, `//' doesn't mean what XEmacs thinks.
+      (while (string-match "//+" tem)
+	(setq tem (concat (substring tem 0 (1+ (match-beginning 0)))
+			  (substring tem (match-end 0)))))
+      ;; Handle `..' by hand, since it needs to work in the
+      ;; target of any directory symlink.
+      ;; This code is not quite complete; it does not handle
+      ;; embedded .. in some cases such as ./../foo and foo/bar/../../../lose.
+      (while (string-match "\\`\\.\\./" tem) ;#### Unix specific
+	(setq tem (substring tem 3))
+	(setq newname (file-name-as-directory
+		       ;; Do the .. by hand.
+		       (directory-file-name
+			(file-name-directory
+			 ;; Chase links in the default dir of the symlink.
+			 (file-chase-links
+			  (directory-file-name
+			   (file-name-directory newname))))))))
+      (setq newname (expand-file-name tem (file-name-directory newname)))
+      (setq count (1- count)))
+    newname))
+
+(defun switch-to-other-buffer (arg)
+  "Switch to the previous buffer.  With a numeric arg, n, switch to the nth
+most recent buffer.  With an arg of 0, buries the current buffer at the
+bottom of the buffer stack."
+  (interactive "p")
+  (if (eq arg 0)
+      (bury-buffer (current-buffer)))
+  (switch-to-buffer
+   (if (<= arg 1) (other-buffer (current-buffer))
+     (nth (1+ arg) (buffer-list)))))
+
+(defun switch-to-buffer-other-window (buffer)
+  "Select buffer BUFFER in another window."
+  (interactive "BSwitch to buffer in other window: ")
+  (let ((pop-up-windows t))
+    ;; XEmacs: this used to have (selected-frame) as the third argument,
+    ;; but this is obnoxious.  If the user wants the buffer in a
+    ;; different frame, then it should be this way.
+    (pop-to-buffer buffer t)))
+
+(defun switch-to-buffer-other-frame (buffer)
+  "Switch to buffer BUFFER in a newly-created frame."
+  (interactive "BSwitch to buffer in other frame: ")
+  (let* ((name (get-frame-name-for-buffer buffer))
+	 (frame (make-frame (if name
+				  (list (cons 'name (symbol-name name)))))))
+    (pop-to-buffer buffer t frame)
+    (make-frame-visible frame)
+    buffer))
+
+(defun find-file (filename)
+  "Edit file FILENAME.
+Switch to a buffer visiting file FILENAME,
+creating one if none already exists."
+  (interactive "FFind file: ")
+  (switch-to-buffer (find-file-noselect filename)))
+
+(defun find-file-other-window (filename)
+  "Edit file FILENAME, in another window.
+May create a new window, or reuse an existing one.
+See the function `display-buffer'."
+  (interactive "FFind file in other window: ")
+  (switch-to-buffer-other-window (find-file-noselect filename)))
+
+(defun find-file-other-frame (filename)
+  "Edit file FILENAME, in a newly-created frame."
+  (interactive "FFind file in other frame: ")
+  (switch-to-buffer-other-frame (find-file-noselect filename)))
+
+(defun find-file-read-only (filename)
+  "Edit file FILENAME but don't allow changes.
+Like \\[find-file] but marks buffer as read-only.
+Use \\[toggle-read-only] to permit editing."
+  (interactive "fFind file read-only: ")
+  (find-file filename)
+  (setq buffer-read-only t)
+  (current-buffer))
+
+(defun find-file-read-only-other-window (filename)
+  "Edit file FILENAME in another window but don't allow changes.
+Like \\[find-file-other-window] but marks buffer as read-only.
+Use \\[toggle-read-only] to permit editing."
+  (interactive "fFind file read-only other window: ")
+  (find-file-other-window filename)
+  (setq buffer-read-only t)
+  (current-buffer))
+
+(defun find-file-read-only-other-frame (filename)
+  "Edit file FILENAME in another frame but don't allow changes.
+Like \\[find-file-other-frame] but marks buffer as read-only.
+Use \\[toggle-read-only] to permit editing."
+  (interactive "fFind file read-only other frame: ")
+  (find-file-other-frame filename)
+  (setq buffer-read-only t)
+  (current-buffer))
+
+(defun find-alternate-file-other-window (filename)
+  "Find file FILENAME as a replacement for the file in the next window.
+This command does not select that window."
+  (interactive
+   (save-selected-window
+     (other-window 1)
+     (let ((file buffer-file-name)
+	   (file-name nil)
+	   (file-dir nil))
+       (and file
+	    (setq file-name (file-name-nondirectory file)
+		  file-dir (file-name-directory file)))
+       (list (read-file-name
+	      "Find alternate file: " file-dir nil nil file-name)
+	     ))))
+  (if (one-window-p)
+      (find-file-other-window filename)
+    (save-selected-window
+      (other-window 1)
+      (find-alternate-file filename))))
+
+(defun find-alternate-file (filename)
+  "Find file FILENAME, select its buffer, kill previous buffer.
+If the current buffer now contains an empty file that you just visited
+\(presumably by mistake), use this command to visit the file you really want."
+  (interactive
+   (let ((file buffer-file-name)
+	 (file-name nil)
+	 (file-dir nil))
+     (and file
+	  (setq file-name (file-name-nondirectory file)
+		file-dir (file-name-directory file)))
+     (list (read-file-name
+	    "Find alternate file: " file-dir nil nil file-name))))
+  (and (buffer-modified-p) (buffer-file-name)
+       ;; (not buffer-read-only)
+       (not (yes-or-no-p (format
+			  "Buffer %s is modified; kill anyway? "
+			  (buffer-name))))
+       (error "Aborted"))
+  (let ((obuf (current-buffer))
+	(ofile buffer-file-name)
+	(onum buffer-file-number)
+	(otrue buffer-file-truename)
+	(oname (buffer-name)))
+    (if (get-buffer " **lose**")
+	(kill-buffer " **lose**"))
+    (rename-buffer " **lose**")
+    (setq buffer-file-name nil)
+    (setq buffer-file-number nil)
+    (setq buffer-file-truename nil)
+    (unwind-protect
+	(progn
+	  (unlock-buffer)
+	  (find-file filename))
+      (cond ((eq obuf (current-buffer))
+	     (setq buffer-file-name ofile)
+	     (setq buffer-file-number onum)
+	     (setq buffer-file-truename otrue)
+	     (lock-buffer)
+	     (rename-buffer oname))))
+    (or (eq (current-buffer) obuf)
+	(kill-buffer obuf))))
+
+(defun create-file-buffer (filename)
+  "Create a suitably named buffer for visiting FILENAME, and return it.
+FILENAME (sans directory) is used unchanged if that name is free;
+otherwise a string <2> or <3> or ... is appended to get an unused name."
+  (let ((lastname (file-name-nondirectory filename)))
+    (if (string= lastname "")
+	(setq lastname filename))
+    (generate-new-buffer lastname)))
+
+(defun generate-new-buffer (name)
+  "Create and return a buffer with a name based on NAME.
+Choose the buffer's name using `generate-new-buffer-name'."
+  (get-buffer-create (generate-new-buffer-name name)))
+
+;; FSF has automount-dir-prefix.  Our directory-abbrev-alist is more general.
+;; note: tmp_mnt bogosity conversion is established in paths.el.
+(defvar directory-abbrev-alist nil
+  "*Alist of abbreviations for file directories.
+A list of elements of the form (FROM . TO), each meaning to replace
+FROM with TO when it appears in a directory name.
+This replacement is done when setting up the default directory of a
+newly visited file.  *Every* FROM string should start with \\\\` or ^.
+
+Use this feature when you have directories which you normally refer to
+via absolute symbolic links or to eliminate automounter mount points
+from the beginning of your filenames.  Make TO the name of the link,
+and FROM the name it is linked to.")
+
+(defvar abbreviated-home-dir nil
+  "The user's homedir abbreviated according to `directory-abbrev-alist'.")
+
+(defun abbreviate-file-name (filename &optional hack-homedir)
+  "Return a version of FILENAME shortened using `directory-abbrev-alist'.
+See documentation of variable `directory-abbrev-alist' for more information.
+If optional argument HACK-HOMEDIR is non-nil, then this also substitutes
+\"~\" for the user's home directory."
+  ;; Get rid of the prefixes added by the automounter.
+  ;(if (and (string-match automount-dir-prefix filename)
+  ;         (file-exists-p (file-name-directory
+  ;                         (substring filename (1- (match-end 0))))))
+  ;    (setq filename (substring filename (1- (match-end 0)))))
+  (let ((tail directory-abbrev-alist))
+    ;; If any elt of directory-abbrev-alist matches this name,
+    ;; abbreviate accordingly.
+    (while tail
+      (if (string-match (car (car tail)) filename)
+	  (setq filename
+		(concat (cdr (car tail)) (substring filename (match-end 0)))))
+      (setq tail (cdr tail))))
+  (if hack-homedir
+      (progn
+	;; Compute and save the abbreviated homedir name.
+	;; We defer computing this until the first time it's needed, to
+	;; give time for directory-abbrev-alist to be set properly.
+	;; We include a slash at the end, to avoid spurious matches
+	;; such as `/usr/foobar' when the home dir is `/usr/foo'.
+	(or abbreviated-home-dir
+	    (setq abbreviated-home-dir
+		  (let ((abbreviated-home-dir "$foo"))
+		    (concat "\\`" (regexp-quote (abbreviate-file-name
+						 (expand-file-name "~")))
+			    "\\(/\\|\\'\\)"))))
+        ;; If FILENAME starts with the abbreviated homedir,
+        ;; make it start with `~' instead.
+	(if (and (string-match abbreviated-home-dir filename)
+                 ;; If the home dir is just /, don't change it.
+                 (not (and (= (match-end 0) 1) ;#### unix-specific
+			   (= (aref filename 0) ?/)))
+		 (not (and (or (eq system-type 'ms-dos) 
+			       (eq system-type 'windows-nt))
+			   (save-match-data
+			     (string-match "^[a-zA-Z]:/$" filename)))))
+	    (setq filename
+		  (concat "~"
+			  (substring filename
+				     (match-beginning 1) (match-end 1))
+			  (substring filename (match-end 0)))))))
+  filename)
+
+(defvar find-file-not-true-dirname-list nil
+  "*List of logical names for which visiting shouldn't save the true dirname.
+On VMS, when you visit a file using a logical name that searches a path,
+you may or may not want the visited file name to record the specific
+directory where the file was found.  If you *do not* want that, add the logical
+name to this list as a string.")
+
+;(defun find-buffer-visiting (filename)
+;  "Return the buffer visiting file FILENAME (a string).
+;This is like `get-file-buffer', except that it checks for any buffer
+;visiting the same file, possibly under a different name.
+;If there is no such live buffer, return nil."
+;  (let ((buf (get-file-buffer filename))
+;	(truename (abbreviate-file-name (file-truename filename))))
+;    (or buf
+;	(let ((list (buffer-list)) found)
+;	  (while (and (not found) list)
+;	    (save-excursion
+;	      (set-buffer (car list))
+;	      (if (and buffer-file-name
+;		       (string= buffer-file-truename truename))
+;		  (setq found (car list))))
+;	    (setq list (cdr list)))
+;	  found)
+;	(let ((number (nthcdr 10 (file-attributes truename)))
+;	      (list (buffer-list)) found)
+;	  (and number
+;	       (while (and (not found) list)
+;		 (save-excursion
+;		   (set-buffer (car list))
+;		   (if (and buffer-file-number
+;                           (equal buffer-file-number number)
+;			    ;; Verify this buffer's file number
+;			    ;; still belongs to its file.
+;			    (file-exists-p buffer-file-name)
+;			    (equal (nthcdr 10 (file-attributes buffer-file-name))
+;				   number))
+;		       (setq found (car list))))
+;		 (setq list (cdr list))))
+;	  found))))
+
+(defun insert-file-contents-literally (filename &optional visit beg end replace)
+  "Like `insert-file-contents', q.v., but only reads in the file.
+A buffer may be modified in several ways after reading into the buffer due
+to advanced Emacs features, such as file-name-handlers, format decoding,
+find-file-hooks, etc.
+  This function ensures that none of these modifications will take place."
+  (let ((file-name-handler-alist nil)
+	(format-alist nil)
+	(after-insert-file-functions nil)
+	(find-buffer-file-type-function 
+	 (if (fboundp 'find-buffer-file-type)
+	     (symbol-function 'find-buffer-file-type)
+	   nil)))
+    (unwind-protect
+	(progn
+	  (fset 'find-buffer-file-type (lambda (filename) t))
+	  (insert-file-contents filename visit beg end replace))
+      (if find-buffer-file-type-function
+	  (fset 'find-buffer-file-type find-buffer-file-type-function)
+	(fmakunbound 'find-buffer-file-type)))))
+
+(defun find-file-noselect (filename &optional nowarn rawfile)
+  "Read file FILENAME into a buffer and return the buffer.
+If a buffer exists visiting FILENAME, return that one, but
+verify that the file has not changed since visited or saved.
+The buffer is not selected, just returned to the caller.
+If NOWARN is non-nil warning messages about several potential
+problems will be suppressed."
+  (setq filename (abbreviate-file-name (expand-file-name filename)))
+  (if (file-directory-p filename)
+      (if find-file-run-dired
+	  (dired-noselect (if find-file-use-truenames
+			      (abbreviate-file-name (file-truename filename))
+			    filename))
+	(error "%s is a directory." filename))
+    (let* ((buf (get-file-buffer filename))
+;	   (truename (abbreviate-file-name (file-truename filename)))
+;	   (number (nthcdr 10 (file-attributes truename)))
+	   (number (and buffer-file-truename
+			(nthcdr 10 (file-attributes buffer-file-truename))))
+;	   ;; Find any buffer for a file which has same truename.
+;	   (other (and (not buf) (find-buffer-visiting filename)))
+           (error nil))
+
+;     ;; Let user know if there is a buffer with the same truename.
+;      (if (and (not buf) same-truename (not nowarn))
+;	  (message "%s and %s are the same file (%s)"
+;		   filename (buffer-file-name same-truename)
+;		   truename)
+;	(if (and (not buf) same-number (not nowarn))
+;	  (message "%s and %s are the same file"
+;		   filename (buffer-file-name same-number))))
+;      ;; Optionally also find that buffer.
+;      (if (or find-file-existing-other-name find-file-visit-truename)
+;	  (setq buf (or same-truename same-number)))
+
+      (if (and buf
+               (or find-file-compare-truenames find-file-use-truenames)
+	       (not nowarn))
+	  (save-excursion
+	    (set-buffer buf)
+	    (if (not (string-equal buffer-file-name filename))
+		(message "%s and %s are the same file (%s)"
+			 filename buffer-file-name
+			 buffer-file-truename))))
+
+      (if buf
+	  (or nowarn
+	      (verify-visited-file-modtime buf)
+	      (cond ((not (file-exists-p filename))
+		     (error "File %s no longer exists!" filename))
+		    ((yes-or-no-p
+		      (if (string= (file-name-nondirectory filename)
+				   (buffer-name buf))
+			  (format
+			   (if (buffer-modified-p buf)
+	(gettext "File %s changed on disk.  Discard your edits? ")
+	(gettext "File %s changed on disk.  Reread from disk? "))
+			   (file-name-nondirectory filename))
+			(format
+			 (if (buffer-modified-p buf)
+      (gettext "File %s changed on disk.  Discard your edits in %s? ")
+      (gettext "File %s changed on disk.  Reread from disk into %s? "))
+			 (file-name-nondirectory filename)
+			 (buffer-name buf))))
+		     (save-excursion
+		       (set-buffer buf)
+		       (revert-buffer t t)))))
+	(save-excursion
+;;; The truename stuff makes this obsolete.
+;;;	  (let* ((link-name (car (file-attributes filename)))
+;;;		 (linked-buf (and (stringp link-name)
+;;;				  (get-file-buffer link-name))))
+;;;	    (if (bufferp linked-buf)
+;;;		(message "Symbolic link to file in buffer %s"
+;;;			 (buffer-name linked-buf))))
+	  (setq buf (create-file-buffer filename))
+	  (set-buffer-major-mode buf)
+	  (set-buffer buf)
+	  (erase-buffer)
+	  (if rawfile
+	      (condition-case ()
+		  (insert-file-contents-literally filename t)
+		(file-error
+		 ;; Unconditionally set error
+		 (setq error t)))
+	    (condition-case e
+		(insert-file-contents filename t)
+	      (file-error
+	       ;; Run find-file-not-found-hooks until one returns non-nil.
+	       (or (run-hook-with-args-until-success 'find-file-not-found-hooks)
+		   ;; If they fail too, set error.
+		   (setq error e)))))
+	  ;; Find the file's truename, and maybe use that as visited name.
+	  ;; automatically computed in XEmacs.
+;         (setq buffer-file-truename truename)
+	  (setq buffer-file-number number)
+	  ;; On VMS, we may want to remember which directory in a search list
+	  ;; the file was found in.
+	  (and (eq system-type 'vax-vms)
+	       (let (logical)
+		 (if (string-match ":" (file-name-directory filename))
+		     (setq logical (substring (file-name-directory filename)
+					      0 (match-beginning 0))))
+		 (not (member logical find-file-not-true-dirname-list)))
+	       (setq buffer-file-name buffer-file-truename))
+;	  (if find-file-visit-truename
+;	      (setq buffer-file-name
+;		    (setq filename
+;			  (expand-file-name buffer-file-truename))))
+	  (and find-file-use-truenames
+	       ;; This should be in C.  Put pathname abbreviations that have
+	       ;; been explicitly requested back into the pathname.  Most
+	       ;; importantly, strip out automounter /tmp_mnt directories so
+	       ;; that auto-save will work 
+	       (setq buffer-file-name (abbreviate-file-name buffer-file-name)))
+	  ;; Set buffer's default directory to that of the file.
+	  (setq default-directory (file-name-directory buffer-file-name))
+	  ;; Turn off backup files for certain file names.  Since
+	  ;; this is a permanent local, the major mode won't eliminate it.
+	  (and (not (funcall backup-enable-predicate buffer-file-name))
+	       (progn
+		 (make-local-variable 'backup-inhibited)
+		 (setq backup-inhibited t)))
+	  (if rawfile
+	      nil
+	    (after-find-file error (not nowarn)))))
+      buf)))
+
+(defvar after-find-file-from-revert-buffer nil)
+
+(defun after-find-file (&optional error warn noauto
+				  after-find-file-from-revert-buffer)
+  "Called after finding a file and by the default revert function.
+Sets buffer mode, parses local variables.
+Optional args ERROR, WARN, and NOAUTO: ERROR non-nil means there was an
+error in reading the file.  WARN non-nil means warn if there
+exists an auto-save file more recent than the visited file.
+NOAUTO means don't mess with auto-save mode.
+Fourth arg AFTER-FIND-FILE-FROM-REVERT-BUFFER non-nil
+ means this call was from `revert-buffer'.
+Finishes by calling the functions in `find-file-hooks'."
+  (setq buffer-read-only (not (file-writable-p buffer-file-name)))
+  (if noninteractive
+      nil
+    (let* (not-serious
+	   (msg
+	    (cond ((and error (file-attributes buffer-file-name))
+		   (setq buffer-read-only t)
+		   (gettext "File exists, but cannot be read."))
+		  ((not buffer-read-only)
+		   (if (and warn
+			    (file-newer-than-file-p (make-auto-save-file-name)
+						    buffer-file-name))
+	       (gettext "Auto save file is newer; consider M-x recover-file")
+		     (setq not-serious t)
+		     (if error (gettext "(New file)") nil)))
+		  ((not error)
+		   (setq not-serious t)
+		   (gettext "Note: file is write protected"))
+		  ((file-attributes (directory-file-name default-directory))
+		   (gettext "File not found and directory write-protected"))
+		  ((file-exists-p (file-name-directory buffer-file-name))
+		   (setq buffer-read-only nil))
+		  (t
+		   ;; If the directory the buffer is in doesn't exist,
+		   ;; offer to create it.  It's better to do this now
+		   ;; than when we save the buffer, because we want
+		   ;; autosaving to work.
+		   (setq buffer-read-only nil)
+		   (or (file-exists-p (file-name-directory buffer-file-name))
+		       (if (yes-or-no-p
+			    (format
+		       "The directory containing %s does not exist.  Create? "
+			     (abbreviate-file-name buffer-file-name)))
+			   (make-directory (file-name-directory
+                                             buffer-file-name)
+                                           t)))
+		   nil))))
+      (if msg
+	  (progn
+	    (message msg)
+	    (or not-serious (sit-for 1 t)))))
+    (if (and auto-save-default (not noauto))
+	(auto-save-mode t)))
+  (normal-mode t)
+  (run-hooks 'find-file-hooks))
+
+(defun normal-mode (&optional find-file)
+  "Choose the major mode for this buffer automatically.
+Also sets up any specified local variables of the file.
+Uses the visited file name, the -*- line, and the local variables spec.
+
+This function is called automatically from `find-file'.  In that case,
+we may set up specified local variables depending on the value of
+`enable-local-variables': if it is t, we do; if it is nil, we don't;
+otherwise, we query.  `enable-local-variables' is ignored if you
+run `normal-mode' explicitly."
+  (interactive)
+  (or find-file (funcall (or default-major-mode 'fundamental-mode)))
+  (and (condition-case err
+           (progn (set-auto-mode)
+                  t)
+         (error (message "File mode specification error: %s"
+                         (prin1-to-string err))
+                nil))
+       (condition-case err
+           (hack-local-variables (not find-file))
+         (error (message "File local-variables error: %s"
+                         (prin1-to-string err))))))
+
+(defvar auto-mode-alist (mapcar 'purecopy
+				'(("\\.te?xt\\'" . text-mode)
+				  ("\\.c\\'" . c-mode)
+				  ("\\.h\\'" . c-mode)
+				  ("\\.tex\\'" . tex-mode)
+				  ("\\.ltx\\'" . latex-mode)
+				  ("\\.e\\'" . eiffel-mode)
+				  ("\\.el\\'" . emacs-lisp-mode)
+				  ("\\.mm\\'" . nroff-mode)
+				  ("\\.me\\'" . nroff-mode)
+				  ("\\.ms\\'" . nroff-mode)
+				  ("\\.man\\'" . nroff-mode)
+				  ("\\.scm\\'" . scheme-mode)
+				  ("\\.l\\'" . lisp-mode)
+				  ("\\.lisp\\'" . lisp-mode)
+				  ("\\.f\\'" . fortran-mode)
+				  ("\\.for\\'" . fortran-mode)
+				  ("\\.p\\'" . pascal-mode)
+				  ("\\.pas\\'" . pascal-mode)
+				  ("\\.mss\\'" . scribe-mode)
+				  ("\\.ad[abs]\\'" . ada-mode)
+				  ("\\.icn\\'" . icon-mode)
+				  ("\\.pl\\'" . perl-mode)
+				  ("\\.cc\\'" . c++-mode)
+				  ("\\.hh\\'" . c++-mode)
+				  ("\\.C\\'" . c++-mode)
+				  ("\\.H\\'" . c++-mode)
+				  ("\\.cpp\\'" . c++-mode)
+				  ("\\.cxx\\'" . c++-mode)
+				  ("\\.hxx\\'" . c++-mode)
+				  ("\\.c\\+\\+\\'" . c++-mode)
+				  ("\\.h\\+\\+\\'" . c++-mode)
+				  ("\\.java\\'" . java-mode)
+				  ("\\.mk\\'" . makefile-mode)
+				  ("\\.mak\\'" . makefile-mode)
+				  ("[Mm]akefile\\(.in\\)?\\'" . makefile-mode)
+;;; Less common extensions come here
+;;; so more common ones above are found faster.
+				  ("\\.texinfo\\'" . texinfo-mode)
+				  ("\\.texi\\'" . texinfo-mode)
+				  ("\\.s\\'" . asm-mode)
+				  ("ChangeLog\\'" . change-log-mode)
+				  ("change.log\\'" . change-log-mode)
+				  ("changelo\\'" . change-log-mode)
+				  ("ChangeLog.[0-9]+\\'" . change-log-mode)
+				  ("\\$CHANGE_LOG\\$\\.TXT" . change-log-mode)
+				  ("\\.scm\\.[0-9]*\\'" . scheme-mode)
+;;; The following should come after the ChangeLog pattern
+;;; for the sake of ChangeLog.1, etc.
+;;; and after the .scm.[0-9] pattern too.
+				  ("\\.[12345678]\\'" . nroff-mode)
+				  ("\\.TeX\\'" . tex-mode)
+				  ("\\.sty\\'" . latex-mode)
+				  ("\\.cls\\'" . latex-mode) ;LaTeX 2e class
+				  ("\\.bbl\\'" . latex-mode)
+				  ("\\.bib\\'" . bibtex-mode)
+				  ("\\.article\\'" . text-mode)
+				  ("\\.letter\\'" . text-mode)
+				  ("\\.tcl\\'" . tcl-mode)
+				  ("\\.wrl\\'" . vrml-mode)
+				  ("\\.f90\\'" . f90-mode)
+				  ("\\.lsp\\'" . lisp-mode)
+				  ("\\.awk\\'" . awk-mode)
+				  ("\\.prolog\\'" . prolog-mode)
+				  ("\\.tar\\'" . tar-mode)
+				  ("\\.\\(arc\\|zip\\|lzh\\|zoo\\)\\'" . archive-mode)
+				  ;; Mailer puts message to be edited in
+				  ;; /tmp/Re.... or Message
+				  ("^/tmp/Re" . text-mode)
+				  ("/Message[0-9]*\\'" . text-mode)
+				  ("/drafts/[0-9]+\\'" . mh-letter-mode)
+				  ;; some news reader is reported to use this
+				  ("^/tmp/fol/" . text-mode)
+				  ("\\.y\\'" . c-mode)
+				  ("\\.lex\\'" . c-mode)
+				  ("\\.oak\\'" . scheme-mode)
+				  ("\\.html\\'" . html-mode)
+				  ("\\.htm\\'" . html-mode)
+				  ("\\.shtml\\'" . html-mode)
+				  ("\\.html3\\'" . html3-mode)
+				  ("\\.ht3\\'" . html3-mode)
+				  ("\\.sgm\\'" . sgml-mode)
+				  ("\\.sgml\\'" . sgml-mode)
+				  ("\\.dtd\\'" . sgml-mode)
+				  ("\\.c?ps\\'" . postscript-mode)
+				  ;; .emacs following a directory delimiter
+				  ;; in either Unix or VMS syntax.
+				  ("[]>:/]\\..*emacs\\'" . emacs-lisp-mode)
+				  ;; _emacs following a directory delimiter
+				  ;; in MsDos syntax
+				  ("[:/]_emacs\\'" . emacs-lisp-mode)
+				  ("\\.ml\\'" . lisp-mode)))
+  "Alist of filename patterns vs corresponding major mode functions.
+Each element looks like (REGEXP . FUNCTION) or (REGEXP FUNCTION NON-NIL).
+\(NON-NIL stands for anything that is not nil; the value does not matter.)
+Visiting a file whose name matches REGEXP specifies FUNCTION as the
+mode function to use.  FUNCTION will be called, unless it is nil.
+
+If the element has the form (REGEXP FUNCTION NON-NIL), then after
+calling FUNCTION (if it's not nil), we delete the suffix that matched
+REGEXP and search the list again for another match.")
+
+(defconst interpreter-mode-alist (mapcar 'purecopy
+  '(("perl" . perl-mode)
+    ("suidperl" . perl-mode)
+    ("taintperl" . perl-mode)
+    ("sh" . ksh-mode)
+    ("bash" . ksh-mode)
+    ("ksh" . ksh-mode)
+    ("scope" . tcl-mode)
+    ("wish" . tcl-mode)
+    ("wishx" . tcl-mode)
+    ("tcl" . tcl-mode)
+    ("tclsh" . tcl-mode)
+    ("expect" . tcl-mode)
+    ("rexx" . rexx-mode)
+    ("awk" . awk-mode)
+    ("nawk" . awk-mode)
+    ("gawk" . awk-mode)
+    ("mawk" . awk-mode)
+    ("scm" . scheme-mode)))
+  "Alist mapping interpreter names to major modes.
+This alist applies to files whose first line starts with `#!'.
+Each element looks like (INTERPRETER . MODE).
+The car of each element is compared with
+the name of the interpreter specified in the first line.
+If it matches, mode MODE is selected.")
+
+(defconst inhibit-first-line-modes-regexps (purecopy '("\\.tar\\'"))
+  "List of regexps; if one matches a file name, don't look for `-*-'.")
+
+(defconst inhibit-first-line-modes-suffixes nil
+  "List of regexps for what to ignore, for `inhibit-first-line-modes-regexps'.
+When checking `inhibit-first-line-modes-regexps', we first discard
+from the end of the file name anything that matches one of these regexps.")
+
+(defvar user-init-file
+  "" ; set by command-line
+  "File name including directory of user's initialization file.")
+
+(defun set-auto-mode ()
+  "Select major mode appropriate for current buffer.
+This checks for a -*- mode tag in the buffer's text,
+compares the filename against the entries in `auto-mode-alist',
+or checks the interpreter that runs this file against
+`interpreter-mode-alist'.
+
+It does not check for the `mode:' local variable in the
+Local Variables section of the file; for that, use `hack-local-variables'.
+
+If `enable-local-variables' is nil, this function does not check for a
+-*- mode tag."
+  (save-excursion
+    ;; Look for -*-MODENAME-*- or -*- ... mode: MODENAME; ... -*-
+    ;; Do this by calling the hack-local-variables helper to avoid redundancy.
+    ;; We bind enable-local-variables to nil this time because we're going to
+    ;; call hack-local-variables-prop-line again later, "for real."
+    (or (let ((enable-local-variables nil))
+	  (hack-local-variables-prop-line nil))
+	;; It's not in the -*- line, so check the auto-mode-alist, unless
+	;; this buffer isn't associated with a file.
+	(null buffer-file-name)
+	(let ((name (file-name-sans-versions buffer-file-name))
+              (keep-going t))
+          (while keep-going
+            (setq keep-going nil)
+            (let ((alist auto-mode-alist)
+                  (mode nil))
+              ;; Find first matching alist entry.
+	      (let ((case-fold-search 
+		     (memq system-type '(vax-vms windows-nt))))
+		(while (and (not mode) alist)
+		  (if (string-match (car (car alist)) name)
+		      (if (and (consp (cdr (car alist)))
+			       (nth 2 (car alist)))
+			  (progn
+			    (setq mode (car (cdr (car alist)))
+				  name (substring name 0 (match-beginning 0))
+				  keep-going t))
+			(setq mode (cdr (car alist))
+			      keep-going nil)))
+		  (setq alist (cdr alist))))
+	      (if mode
+		  (funcall mode)
+		;; If we can't deduce a mode from the file name,
+		;; look for an interpreter specified in the first line.
+		(let ((interpreter
+		       (save-excursion
+			 (goto-char (point-min))
+			 (if (looking-at "#! *\\([^ \t\n]+\\)")
+			     (buffer-substring (match-beginning 1)
+					       (match-end 1))
+                           "")))
+		      elt)
+		  ;; Map interpreter name to a mode.
+		  (setq elt (assoc (file-name-nondirectory interpreter)
+				   interpreter-mode-alist))
+		  (if elt
+		      (funcall (cdr elt)))))))))))
+
+(defun hack-local-variables (&optional force)
+  "Parse, and bind or evaluate as appropriate, any local variables
+for current buffer."
+  ;; Don't look for -*- if this file name matches any
+  ;; of the regexps in inhibit-first-line-modes-regexps.
+  (if (or (null buffer-file-name) ; don't lose if buffer has no file!
+	  (not (let ((temp inhibit-first-line-modes-regexps)
+		     (name (if buffer-file-name
+			       (file-name-sans-versions buffer-file-name)
+			     (buffer-name))))
+		 (while (let ((sufs inhibit-first-line-modes-suffixes))
+			  (while (and sufs (not
+					    (string-match (car sufs) name)))
+			    (setq sufs (cdr sufs)))
+			  sufs)
+		   (setq name (substring name 0 (match-beginning 0))))
+		 (while (and temp
+			     (not (string-match (car temp) name)))
+		   (setq temp (cdr temp))
+		   temp))))
+      (progn
+        ;; Look for variables in the -*- line.
+        (hack-local-variables-prop-line force)
+        ;; Look for "Local variables:" block in last page.
+        (hack-local-variables-last-page force)))
+  (run-hooks 'hack-local-variables-hook))
+
+;;; Local variables may be specified in the last page of the file (within 3k
+;;; from the end of the file and after the last ^L) in the form
+;;;
+;;;   Local variables:
+;;;   variable-name: variable-value
+;;;   end:
+;;;
+;;; The lines may begin with a common prefix, like ";;;   " in the above
+;;; example.  They may also have a common suffix (" */" for example).  In 
+;;; this form, the local variable "mode" can be used to change the major 
+;;; mode, and the local variable "eval" can be used to evaluate an arbitrary
+;;; form.
+;;;
+;;; Local variables may also be specified in the first line of the file.
+;;; Embedded in this line are a pair of "-*-" sequences.  What lies between
+;;; them are variable-name/variable-value pairs, like:
+;;;
+;;;	 -*- mode: emacs-lisp -*-
+;;; or	 -*- mode: postscript; version-control: never -*-
+;;; or	 -*- tags-file-name: "/foo/bar/TAGS" -*-
+;;;
+;;; The local variable "eval" is not used with this form. For hysterical
+;;; reasons, the syntax "-*- modename -*-" is allowed as well.
+;;;
+
+(defun hack-local-variables-p (modeline)
+  (or (eq enable-local-variables t)
+      (and enable-local-variables
+           (save-window-excursion
+             (condition-case nil
+                 (switch-to-buffer (current-buffer))
+               (error
+                ;; If we fail to switch in the selected window,
+                ;; it is probably a minibuffer.
+                ;; So try another window.
+                (condition-case nil
+                    (switch-to-buffer-other-window (current-buffer))
+                  (error
+                   (switch-to-buffer-other-frame (current-buffer))))))
+             (or modeline (save-excursion
+                             (beginning-of-line)
+                             (set-window-start (selected-window) (point))))
+             (y-or-n-p (format
+                        "Set local variables as specified %s of %s? "
+                        (if modeline "in -*- line" "at end")
+                        (if buffer-file-name
+                            (file-name-nondirectory buffer-file-name)
+                            (concat "buffer " (buffer-name)))))))))
+
+(defun hack-local-variables-last-page (&optional force)
+  ;; Set local variables set in the "Local Variables:" block of the last page.
+  (save-excursion
+    (goto-char (point-max))
+    (search-backward "\n\^L" (max (- (point-max) 3000) (point-min)) 'move)
+    (if (let ((case-fold-search t))
+	  (and (search-forward "Local Variables:" nil t)
+	       (or force
+                   (hack-local-variables-p nil))))
+	(let ((continue t)
+	      prefix prefixlen suffix beg
+              (enable-local-eval enable-local-eval))
+	  ;; The prefix is what comes before "local variables:" in its line.
+	  ;; The suffix is what comes after "local variables:" in its line.
+	  (skip-chars-forward " \t")
+	  (or (eolp)
+	      (setq suffix (buffer-substring (point)
+					     (progn (end-of-line) (point)))))
+	  (goto-char (match-beginning 0))
+	  (or (bolp)
+	      (setq prefix
+		    (buffer-substring (point)
+				      (progn (beginning-of-line) (point)))))
+	  (if prefix (setq prefixlen (length prefix)
+			   prefix (regexp-quote prefix)))
+	  (if suffix (setq suffix (concat (regexp-quote suffix) "$")))
+	  (while continue
+	    ;; Look at next local variable spec.
+	    (if selective-display (re-search-forward "[\n\C-m]")
+	      (forward-line 1))
+	    ;; Skip the prefix, if any.
+	    (if prefix
+		(if (looking-at prefix)
+		    (forward-char prefixlen)
+		  (error "Local variables entry is missing the prefix")))
+	    ;; Find the variable name; strip whitespace.
+	    (skip-chars-forward " \t")
+	    (setq beg (point))
+	    (skip-chars-forward "^:\n")
+	    (if (eolp) (error "Missing colon in local variables entry"))
+	    (skip-chars-backward " \t")
+	    (let* ((str (buffer-substring beg (point)))
+		   (var (read str))
+		  val)
+	      ;; Setting variable named "end" means end of list.
+	      (if (string-equal (downcase str) "end")
+		  (setq continue nil)
+		;; Otherwise read the variable value.
+		(skip-chars-forward "^:")
+		(forward-char 1)
+		(setq val (read (current-buffer)))
+		(skip-chars-backward "\n")
+		(skip-chars-forward " \t")
+		(or (if suffix (looking-at suffix) (eolp))
+		    (error "Local variables entry is terminated incorrectly"))
+		;; Set the variable.  "Variables" mode and eval are funny.
+                (hack-one-local-variable var val))))))))
+
+
+(defun hack-local-variables-prop-line (&optional force)
+  ;; Set local variables specified in the -*- line.
+  ;; Returns t if mode was set.
+  (let (modes mode-p)
+    (save-excursion
+      (goto-char (point-min))
+      (skip-chars-forward " \t\n\r")
+      (let ((result nil)
+	    (end (save-excursion 
+		   ;; If the file begins with "#!"
+		   ;; (un*x exec interpreter magic), look
+		   ;; for mode frobs in the first two
+		   ;; lines.  You cannot necessarily
+		   ;; put them in the first line of
+		   ;; such a file without screwing up
+		   ;; the interpreter invocation.
+		   (end-of-line (and (looking-at "^#!") 2))
+		   (point))))
+	;; Parse the -*- line into the `result' alist.
+	(cond ((not (search-forward "-*-" end t))
+	       ;; doesn't have one.
+	       nil)
+	      ((looking-at "[ \t]*\\([^ \t\n\r:;]+\\)\\([ \t]*-\\*-\\)")
+	       ;; Antiquated form: "-*- ModeName -*-".
+	       (setq result
+		     (list (cons 'mode
+				 (intern (buffer-substring
+					  (match-beginning 1)
+					  (match-end 1)))))
+		     ))
+	      (t
+	       ;; Usual form: '-*-' [ <variable> ':' <value> ';' ]* '-*-'
+	       ;; (last ";" is optional).
+	       (save-excursion
+		 (if (search-forward "-*-" end t)
+		     (setq end (- (point) 3))
+		   (error "-*- not terminated before end of line")))
+	       (while (< (point) end)
+		 (or (looking-at "[ \t]*\\([^ \t\n:]+\\)[ \t]*:[ \t]*")
+		     (error "malformed -*- line"))
+		 (goto-char (match-end 0))
+		 ;; There used to be a downcase here,
+		 ;; but the manual didn't say so,
+		 ;; and people want to set var names that aren't all lc.
+		 (let ((key (intern (buffer-substring
+				     (match-beginning 1)
+				     (match-end 1))))
+		       (val (save-restriction
+			      (narrow-to-region (point) end)
+			      (read (current-buffer)))))
+		   (setq result (cons (cons key val) result))
+		   (skip-chars-forward " \t;")))
+	       (setq result (nreverse result))))
+	
+	;; Mode is magic.
+	(let (mode)
+	  ;; with the removal of the downcase above, we have to
+	  ;; add a check for Mode:, which is common.
+	  (while (setq mode (or (assq 'mode result)
+				(assq 'Mode result)))
+	    (setq result (delq mode result))
+	    (setq modes (cons (intern (concat (downcase (symbol-name
+							 (cdr mode)))
+					      "-mode"))
+			      modes))))
+	
+	(if (and result
+		 (or force (hack-local-variables-p t)))
+	    (while result
+	      (let ((key (car (car result)))
+		    (val (cdr (car result))))
+		;; 'mode has already been removed from this list.
+		(hack-one-local-variable key val))
+	      (setq result (cdr result))))))
+    ;; If we found modes to use, invoke them now,
+    ;; outside the save-excursion.
+    (if modes
+	(progn (mapcar 'funcall modes)
+	       (setq mode-p t)))
+    mode-p))
+
+(defconst ignored-local-variables
+  (list 'enable-local-eval)
+  "Variables to be ignored in a file's local variable spec.")
+
+;; Get confirmation before setting these variables as locals in a file.
+(put 'debugger 'risky-local-variable t)
+(put 'enable-local-eval 'risky-local-variable t)
+(put 'ignored-local-variables 'risky-local-variable t)
+(put 'eval 'risky-local-variable t)
+(put 'file-name-handler-alist 'risky-local-variable t)
+(put 'minor-mode-map-alist 'risky-local-variable t)
+(put 'after-load-alist 'risky-local-variable t)
+(put 'buffer-file-name 'risky-local-variable t)
+(put 'buffer-auto-save-file-name 'risky-local-variable t)
+(put 'buffer-file-truename 'risky-local-variable t)
+(put 'exec-path 'risky-local-variable t)
+(put 'load-path 'risky-local-variable t)
+(put 'exec-directory 'risky-local-variable t)
+(put 'process-environment 'risky-local-variable t)
+;; Don't wait for outline.el to be loaded, for the sake of outline-minor-mode.
+(put 'outline-level 'risky-local-variable t)
+(put 'rmail-output-file-alist 'risky-local-variable t)
+	    
+;; This one is safe because the user gets to check it before it is used.
+(put 'compile-command 'safe-local-variable t)
+
+;(defun hack-one-local-variable-quotep (exp)
+;  (and (consp exp) (eq (car exp) 'quote) (consp (cdr exp))))
+
+;; "Set" one variable in a local variables spec.
+;; A few variable names are treated specially.
+(defun hack-one-local-variable (var val)
+  (cond ((eq var 'mode)
+	 (funcall (intern (concat (downcase (symbol-name val))
+				  "-mode"))))
+	((memq var ignored-local-variables)
+	 nil)
+	;; "Setting" eval means either eval it or do nothing.
+	;; Likewise for setting hook variables.
+	((or (get var 'risky-local-variable)
+	     (and
+	      (string-match "-hooks?$\\|-functions?$\\|-forms?$\\|-program$\\|-command$"
+			    (symbol-name var))
+	      (not (get var 'safe-local-variable))))
+;	 ;; Permit evaling a put of a harmless property
+;	 ;; if the args do nothing tricky.
+;	 (if (or (and (eq var 'eval)
+;		      (consp val)
+;		      (eq (car val) 'put)
+;		      (hack-one-local-variable-quotep (nth 1 val))
+;		      (hack-one-local-variable-quotep (nth 2 val))
+;		      ;; Only allow safe values of lisp-indent-hook;
+;		      ;; not functions.
+;		      (or (numberp (nth 3 val))
+;			  (equal (nth 3 val) ''defun))
+;		      (memq (nth 1 (nth 2 val))
+;			    '(lisp-indent-hook)))
+	 (if (and (not (zerop (user-uid)))
+		  (or (eq enable-local-eval t)
+		      (and enable-local-eval
+			   (save-window-excursion
+			     (switch-to-buffer (current-buffer))
+			     (save-excursion
+			       (beginning-of-line)
+			       (set-window-start (selected-window) (point)))
+			     (setq enable-local-eval
+				   (y-or-n-p (format "Process `eval' or hook local variables in file %s? "
+						     (file-name-nondirectory buffer-file-name))))))))
+	     (if (eq var 'eval)
+		 (save-excursion (eval val))
+	       (make-local-variable var)
+	       (set var val))
+	   (message "Ignoring `eval:' in file's local variables")))
+	;; Ordinary variable, really set it.
+	(t (make-local-variable var)
+	   (set var val))))
+
+(defun set-visited-file-name (filename)
+  "Change name of file visited in current buffer to FILENAME.
+The next time the buffer is saved it will go in the newly specified file.
+nil or empty string as argument means make buffer not be visiting any file.
+Remember to delete the initial contents of the minibuffer
+if you wish to pass an empty string as the argument."
+  (interactive "FSet visited file name: ")
+  (if (buffer-base-buffer)
+      (error "An indirect buffer cannot visit a file"))
+  (let (truename)
+    (if filename
+	(setq filename
+	      (if (string-equal filename "")
+		  nil
+		(expand-file-name filename))))
+    (if filename
+	(progn
+	  (setq truename (file-truename filename))
+	  ;; #### Do we need to check if truename is non-nil?
+	  (if find-file-use-truenames
+	      (setq filename truename))))
+    (or (equal filename buffer-file-name)
+	(progn
+	  (and filename (lock-buffer filename))
+	  (unlock-buffer)))
+    (setq buffer-file-name filename)
+    (if filename			; make buffer name reflect filename.
+	(let ((new-name (file-name-nondirectory buffer-file-name)))
+	  (if (string= new-name "")
+	      (error "Empty file name"))
+	  (if (eq system-type 'vax-vms)
+	      (setq new-name (downcase new-name)))
+	  (setq default-directory (file-name-directory buffer-file-name))
+	  (or (string= new-name (buffer-name))
+	      (rename-buffer new-name t))))
+    (setq buffer-backed-up nil)
+    (clear-visited-file-modtime)
+    (compute-buffer-file-truename) ; insert-file-contents does this too.
+;    ;; Abbreviate the file names of the buffer.
+;    (if truename
+;	 (progn
+;	   (setq buffer-file-truename (abbreviate-file-name truename))
+;	   (if find-file-visit-truename
+;	       (setq buffer-file-name buffer-file-truename))))
+    (setq buffer-file-number
+	  (if filename
+	      (nthcdr 10 (file-attributes buffer-file-name))
+	      nil)))
+  ;; write-file-hooks is normally used for things like ftp-find-file
+  ;; that visit things that are not local files as if they were files.
+  ;; Changing to visit an ordinary local file instead should flush the hook.
+  (kill-local-variable 'write-file-hooks)
+  (kill-local-variable 'after-save-hook)
+  (kill-local-variable 'local-write-file-hooks)
+  (kill-local-variable 'write-file-data-hooks)
+  (kill-local-variable 'revert-buffer-function)
+  (kill-local-variable 'backup-inhibited)
+  ;; If buffer was read-only because of version control,
+  ;; that reason is gone now, so make it writable.
+  (if (and (boundp 'vc-mode) vc-mode)
+      (setq buffer-read-only nil))
+  (kill-local-variable 'vc-mode)
+  ;; Turn off backup files for certain file names.
+  ;; Since this is a permanent local, the major mode won't eliminate it.
+  (and (not (funcall backup-enable-predicate buffer-file-name))
+       (progn
+	 (make-local-variable 'backup-inhibited)
+	 (setq backup-inhibited t)))
+  (let ((oauto buffer-auto-save-file-name))
+    ;; If auto-save was not already on, turn it on if appropriate.
+    (if (not buffer-auto-save-file-name)
+	(and buffer-file-name auto-save-default
+	     (auto-save-mode t))
+      ;; If auto save is on, start using a new name.
+      ;; We deliberately don't rename or delete the old auto save
+      ;; for the old visited file name.  This is because perhaps
+      ;; the user wants to save the new state and then compare with the
+      ;; previous state from the auto save file.
+      (setq buffer-auto-save-file-name
+	    (make-auto-save-file-name)))
+    ;; Rename the old auto save file if any.
+    (and oauto buffer-auto-save-file-name
+	 (file-exists-p oauto)
+	 (rename-file oauto buffer-auto-save-file-name t)))
+  (if buffer-file-name
+      (set-buffer-modified-p t))
+  ;; #### ??
+  (run-hooks 'after-set-visited-file-name-hooks))
+
+(defun write-file (filename &optional confirm)
+  "Write current buffer into file FILENAME.
+Makes buffer visit that file, and marks it not modified.
+If the buffer is already visiting a file, you can specify
+a directory name as FILENAME, to write a file of the same
+old name in that directory.
+If optional second arg CONFIRM is non-nil,
+ask for confirmation for overwriting an existing file."
+;;  (interactive "FWrite file: ")
+  (interactive
+   (list (if buffer-file-name
+	     (read-file-name "Write file: "
+				 nil nil nil nil)
+	   (read-file-name "Write file: "
+			       (cdr (assq 'default-directory
+					  (buffer-local-variables)))
+			       nil nil (buffer-name)))
+	 t))
+  (and (eq (current-buffer) mouse-grabbed-buffer)
+       (error "Can't write minibuffer window"))
+  (or (null filename) (string-equal filename "")
+      (progn
+	;; If arg is just a directory,
+	;; use same file name, but in that directory.
+	(if (and (file-directory-p filename) buffer-file-name)
+	    (setq filename (concat (file-name-as-directory filename)
+				   (file-name-nondirectory buffer-file-name))))
+	(and confirm
+	     (file-exists-p filename)
+	     (or (y-or-n-p (format "File `%s' exists; overwrite? " filename))
+		 (error "Canceled")))
+	(set-visited-file-name filename)))
+  (set-buffer-modified-p t)
+  (setq buffer-read-only nil)
+  (save-buffer))
+
+(defun backup-buffer ()
+  "Make a backup of the disk file visited by the current buffer, if appropriate.
+This is normally done before saving the buffer the first time.
+If the value is non-nil, it is the result of `file-modes' on the original file;
+this means that the caller, after saving the buffer, should change the modes
+of the new file to agree with the old modes."
+  (if (and make-backup-files
+           (not backup-inhibited)
+	   (not buffer-backed-up)
+	   (file-exists-p buffer-file-name)
+	   (memq (aref (elt (file-attributes buffer-file-name) 8) 0)
+		 '(?- ?l)))
+      (let ((real-file-name buffer-file-name)
+	    backup-info backupname targets setmodes)
+	;; If specified name is a symbolic link, chase it to the target.
+	;; Thus we make the backups in the directory where the real file is.
+	(setq real-file-name (file-chase-links real-file-name))
+	(setq backup-info (find-backup-file-name real-file-name)
+	      backupname (car backup-info)
+	      targets (cdr backup-info))
+;;;     (if (file-directory-p buffer-file-name)
+;;;         (error "Cannot save buffer in directory %s" buffer-file-name))
+	(if backup-info
+	    (condition-case ()
+		(let ((delete-old-versions
+		       ;; If have old versions to maybe delete,
+		       ;; ask the user to confirm now, before doing anything.
+		       ;; But don't actually delete til later.
+		       (and targets
+			    (or (eq delete-old-versions t)
+				(eq delete-old-versions nil))
+			    (or delete-old-versions
+				(y-or-n-p (format "Delete excess backup versions of %s? "
+						  real-file-name))))))
+		  ;; Actually write the back up file.
+		  (condition-case ()
+		      (if (or file-precious-flag
+    ;			  (file-symlink-p buffer-file-name)
+			      backup-by-copying
+			      (and backup-by-copying-when-linked
+				   (> (file-nlinks real-file-name) 1))
+			      (and backup-by-copying-when-mismatch
+				   (let ((attr (file-attributes real-file-name)))
+				     (or (nth 9 attr)
+					 (not (file-ownership-preserved-p real-file-name))))))
+			  (condition-case ()
+			      (copy-file real-file-name backupname t t)
+			    (file-error
+			     ;; If copying fails because file BACKUPNAME
+			     ;; is not writable, delete that file and try again.
+			     (if (and (file-exists-p backupname)
+				      (not (file-writable-p backupname)))
+				 (delete-file backupname))
+			     (copy-file real-file-name backupname t t)))
+			;; rename-file should delete old backup.
+			(rename-file real-file-name backupname t)
+			(setq setmodes (file-modes backupname)))
+		    (file-error
+		     ;; If trouble writing the backup, write it in ~.
+		     (setq backupname (expand-file-name "~/%backup%~"))
+		     (message "Cannot write backup file; backing up in ~/%%backup%%~")
+		     (sleep-for 1)
+		     (condition-case ()
+			 (copy-file real-file-name backupname t t)
+		       (file-error
+			;; If copying fails because file BACKUPNAME
+			;; is not writable, delete that file and try again.
+			(if (and (file-exists-p backupname)
+				 (not (file-writable-p backupname)))
+			    (delete-file backupname))
+			(copy-file real-file-name backupname t t)))))
+		  (setq buffer-backed-up t)
+		  ;; Now delete the old versions, if desired.
+		  (if delete-old-versions
+		      (while targets
+			(condition-case ()
+			    (delete-file (car targets))
+			  (file-error nil))
+			(setq targets (cdr targets))))
+		  setmodes)
+	    (file-error nil))))))
+
+(defun file-name-sans-versions (name &optional keep-backup-version)
+  "Return FILENAME sans backup versions or strings.
+This is a separate procedure so your site-init or startup file can
+redefine it.
+If the optional argument KEEP-BACKUP-VERSION is non-nil,
+we do not remove backup version numbers, only true file version numbers."
+  (let ((handler (find-file-name-handler name 'file-name-sans-versions)))
+    (if handler
+	(funcall handler 'file-name-sans-versions name keep-backup-version)
+      (substring name 0
+		 (if (eq system-type 'vax-vms)
+		     ;; VMS version number is (a) semicolon, optional
+		     ;; sign, zero or more digits or (b) period, option
+		     ;; sign, zero or more digits, provided this is the
+		     ;; second period encountered outside of the
+		     ;; device/directory part of the file name.
+		     (or (string-match ";[-+]?[0-9]*\\'" name)
+			 (if (string-match "\\.[^]>:]*\\(\\.[-+]?[0-9]*\\)\\'"
+					   name)
+			     (match-beginning 1))
+			 (length name))
+		   (if keep-backup-version
+		       (length name)
+		     (or (string-match "\\.~[0-9.]+~\\'" name)
+			 ;; XEmacs - VC uses extensions like ".~tagname~" or ".~1.1.5.2~"
+			 (let ((pos (string-match "\\.~\\([^.~ \t]+\\|[0-9.]+\\)~\\'" name)))
+			   (and pos
+				;; #### - is this filesystem check too paranoid?
+				(file-exists-p (substring name 0 pos))
+				pos))
+			 (string-match "~\\'" name)
+			 (length name))))))))
+
+(defun file-ownership-preserved-p (file)
+  "Returns t if deleting FILE and rewriting it would preserve the owner."
+  (let ((handler (find-file-name-handler file 'file-ownership-preserved-p)))
+    (if handler
+	(funcall handler 'file-ownership-preserved-p file)
+      (let ((attributes (file-attributes file)))
+	;; Return t if the file doesn't exist, since it's true that no
+	;; information would be lost by an (attempted) delete and create.
+	(or (null attributes)
+	    (= (nth 2 attributes) (user-uid)))))))
+
+(defun file-name-sans-extension (filename)
+  "Return FILENAME sans final \"extension\".
+The extension, in a file name, is the part that follows the last `.'."
+  (save-match-data
+    (let ((file (file-name-sans-versions (file-name-nondirectory filename)))
+	  directory)
+      (if (string-match "\\.[^.]*\\'" file)
+	  (if (setq directory (file-name-directory filename))
+	      (expand-file-name (substring file 0 (match-beginning 0))
+				directory)
+	    (substring file 0 (match-beginning 0)))
+	filename))))
+
+(defun make-backup-file-name (file)
+  "Create the non-numeric backup file name for FILE.
+This is a separate function so you can redefine it for customization."
+  (if (eq system-type 'ms-dos)
+      (let ((fn (file-name-nondirectory file)))
+	(concat (file-name-directory file)
+		(if (string-match "\\([^.]*\\)\\(\\..*\\)?" fn)
+		    (substring fn 0 (match-end 1)))
+		".bak"))
+    (concat file "~")))
+
+(defun backup-file-name-p (file)
+  "Return non-nil if FILE is a backup file name (numeric or not).
+This is a separate function so you can redefine it for customization.
+You may need to redefine `file-name-sans-versions' as well."
+  (if (eq system-type 'ms-dos)
+      (string-match "\\.bak\\'" file)
+      (string-match "~\\'" file)))
+
+;; This is used in various files.
+;; The usage of bv-length is not very clean,
+;; but I can't see a good alternative,
+;; so as of now I am leaving it alone.
+(defun backup-extract-version (fn)
+  "Given the name of a numeric backup file, return the backup number.
+Uses the free variable `bv-length', whose value should be
+the index in the name where the version number begins."
+  (if (and (string-match "[0-9]+~\\'" fn bv-length)
+	   (= (match-beginning 0) bv-length))
+      (string-to-int (substring fn bv-length -1))
+      0))
+
+;; I believe there is no need to alter this behavior for VMS;
+;; since backup files are not made on VMS, it should not get called.
+(defun find-backup-file-name (fn)
+  "Find a file name for a backup file, and suggestions for deletions.
+Value is a list whose car is the name for the backup file
+ and whose cdr is a list of old versions to consider deleting now.
+If the value is nil, don't make a backup."
+  (let ((handler (find-file-name-handler fn 'find-backup-file-name)))
+    ;; Run a handler for this function so that ange-ftp can refuse to do it.
+    (if handler
+	(funcall handler 'find-backup-file-name fn)
+      (if (eq version-control 'never)
+	  (list (make-backup-file-name fn))
+	(let* ((base-versions (concat (file-name-nondirectory fn) ".~"))
+	       ;; used by backup-extract-version:
+	       (bv-length (length base-versions))
+	       possibilities
+	       (versions nil)
+	       (high-water-mark 0)
+	       (deserve-versions-p nil)
+	       (number-to-delete 0))
+	  (condition-case ()
+	      (setq possibilities (file-name-all-completions
+				   base-versions
+				   (file-name-directory fn))
+		    versions (sort (mapcar
+				    #'backup-extract-version
+				    possibilities)
+				   '<)
+		    high-water-mark (apply #'max 0 versions)
+		    deserve-versions-p (or version-control
+					   (> high-water-mark 0))
+		    number-to-delete (- (length versions)
+					kept-old-versions kept-new-versions -1))
+	    (file-error
+	     (setq possibilities nil)))
+	  (if (not deserve-versions-p)
+	      (list (make-backup-file-name fn))
+	    (cons (concat fn ".~" (int-to-string (1+ high-water-mark)) "~")
+		  (if (and (> number-to-delete 0)
+			   ;; Delete nothing if there is overflow
+			   ;; in the number of versions to keep.
+			   (>= (+ kept-new-versions kept-old-versions -1) 0))
+		      (mapcar #'(lambda (n)
+				  (concat fn ".~" (int-to-string n) "~"))
+			      (let ((v (nthcdr kept-old-versions versions)))
+				(rplacd (nthcdr (1- number-to-delete) v) ())
+				v))))))))))
+
+(defun file-nlinks (filename)
+  "Return number of names file FILENAME has."
+  (car (cdr (file-attributes filename))))
+
+(defun file-relative-name (filename &optional directory)
+  "Convert FILENAME to be relative to DIRECTORY (default: default-directory)."
+  (setq filename (expand-file-name filename)
+        directory (file-name-as-directory (if directory
+					      (expand-file-name directory)
+					      default-directory)))
+  (while directory
+    (let ((up (file-name-directory (directory-file-name directory))))
+      (cond ((and (string= directory up)
+                  (file-name-absolute-p directory))
+             ;; "/"
+             (setq directory nil))
+            ((string-match (concat "\\`" (regexp-quote directory))
+                           filename)
+             (setq filename (substring filename (match-end 0)))
+             (setq directory nil))
+            (t
+             ;; go up one level
+             (setq directory up)))))
+  filename)
+
+(defun save-buffer (&optional args)
+  "Save current buffer in visited file if modified.  Versions described below.
+
+By default, makes the previous version into a backup file
+ if previously requested or if this is the first save.
+With 1 or 3 \\[universal-argument]'s, marks this version
+ to become a backup when the next save is done.
+With 2 or 3 \\[universal-argument]'s,
+ unconditionally makes the previous version into a backup file.
+With argument of 0, never makes the previous version into a backup file.
+
+If a file's name is FOO, the names of its numbered backup versions are
+ FOO.~i~ for various integers i.  A non-numbered backup file is called FOO~.
+Numeric backups (rather than FOO~) will be made if value of
+ `version-control' is not the atom `never' and either there are already
+ numeric versions of the file being backed up, or `version-control' is
+ non-nil.
+We don't want excessive versions piling up, so there are variables
+ `kept-old-versions', which tells XEmacs how many oldest versions to keep,
+ and `kept-new-versions', which tells how many newest versions to keep.
+ Defaults are 2 old versions and 2 new.
+`dired-kept-versions' controls dired's clean-directory (.) command.
+If `delete-old-versions' is nil, system will query user
+ before trimming versions.  Otherwise it does it silently."
+  (interactive "p")
+  (let ((modp (buffer-modified-p))
+	(large (> (buffer-size) 50000))
+	(make-backup-files (or (and make-backup-files (not (eq args 0)))
+			       (memq args '(16 64)))))
+    (and modp (memq args '(16 64)) (setq buffer-backed-up nil))
+    (if (and modp large) (message "Saving file %s..."
+				  (buffer-file-name)))
+    (basic-save-buffer)
+    (and modp (memq args '(4 64)) (setq buffer-backed-up nil))))
+
+(defun delete-auto-save-file-if-necessary (&optional force)
+  "Delete auto-save file for current buffer if `delete-auto-save-files' is t.
+Normally delete only if the file was written by this XEmacs
+since the last real save, but optional arg FORCE non-nil means delete anyway."
+  (and buffer-auto-save-file-name delete-auto-save-files
+       (not (string= buffer-file-name buffer-auto-save-file-name))
+       (or force (recent-auto-save-p))
+       (progn
+	 (condition-case ()
+	     (delete-file buffer-auto-save-file-name)
+	   (file-error nil))
+	 (set-buffer-auto-saved))))
+
+;; XEmacs change (from Sun)
+;; used to communicate with continue-save-buffer:
+(defvar continue-save-buffer-hooks-tail nil)
+
+;; Not in FSFmacs
+(defun basic-write-file-data (realname truename)
+  ;; call the hooks until the bytes are put
+  ;; call write-region as a last resort
+  (let ((region-written nil)
+	(hooks write-file-data-hooks))
+    (while (and hooks (not region-written))
+      (setq region-written (funcall (car hooks) realname)
+	    hooks (cdr hooks)))
+    (if (not region-written)
+	(write-region (point-min) (point-max) realname nil t truename))))
+
+(put 'after-save-hook 'permanent-local t)
+(defvar after-save-hook nil
+  "Normal hook that is run after a buffer is saved to its file.
+These hooks are considered to pertain to the visited file.
+So this list is cleared if you change the visited file name.")
+
+(defun files-fetch-hook-value (hook)
+  (let ((localval (symbol-value hook))
+	(globalval (default-value hook)))
+    (if (memq t localval)
+	(setq localval (append (delq t localval) (delq t globalval))))
+    localval))
+  
+(defun basic-save-buffer ()
+  "Save the current buffer in its visited file, if it has been modified.
+After saving the buffer, run `after-save-hook'."
+  (interactive)
+  (save-excursion
+    ;; In an indirect buffer, save its base buffer instead.
+    (if (buffer-base-buffer)
+	(set-buffer (buffer-base-buffer)))
+    (if (buffer-modified-p)
+	(let ((recent-save (recent-auto-save-p)))
+	  ;; On VMS, rename file and buffer to get rid of version number.
+	  (if (and (eq system-type 'vax-vms)
+		   (not (string= buffer-file-name
+				 (file-name-sans-versions buffer-file-name))))
+	      (let (buffer-new-name)
+		;; Strip VMS version number before save.
+		(setq buffer-file-name
+		      (file-name-sans-versions buffer-file-name))
+		;; Construct a (unique) buffer name to correspond.
+		(let ((buf (create-file-buffer (downcase buffer-file-name))))
+		  (setq buffer-new-name (buffer-name buf))
+		  (kill-buffer buf))
+		(rename-buffer buffer-new-name)))
+	  ;; If buffer has no file name, ask user for one.
+	  (or buffer-file-name
+	      (let ((filename
+		     (expand-file-name
+		      (read-file-name "File to save in: ") nil)))
+		(and (file-exists-p filename)
+		     (or (y-or-n-p (format "File `%s' exists; overwrite? "
+					   filename))
+			 (error "Canceled")))
+		(set-visited-file-name filename)))
+	  (or (verify-visited-file-modtime (current-buffer))
+	      (not (file-exists-p buffer-file-name))
+	      (yes-or-no-p
+	       (format "%s has changed since visited or saved.  Save anyway? "
+		       (file-name-nondirectory buffer-file-name)))
+	      (error "Save not confirmed"))
+	  (save-restriction
+	    (widen)
+	    (and (> (point-max) 1)
+		 (/= (char-after (1- (point-max))) ?\n)
+		 (not (and (eq selective-display t)
+			   (= (char-after (1- (point-max))) ?\r)))
+		 (or (eq require-final-newline t)
+		     (and require-final-newline
+			  (y-or-n-p
+			   (format "Buffer %s does not end in newline.  Add one? "
+				   (buffer-name)))))
+		 (save-excursion
+		   (goto-char (point-max))
+		   (insert ?\n)))
+	    ;;
+	    ;; Run the write-file-hooks until one returns non-null.
+	    ;; Bind after-save-hook to nil while running the
+	    ;; write-file-hooks so that if this function is called
+	    ;; recursively (from inside a write-file-hook) the
+	    ;; after-hooks will only get run once (from the
+	    ;; outermost call).
+	    ;;
+	    ;; Ugh, have to duplicate logic of run-hook-with-args-until-success
+            (let ((hooks (append (files-fetch-hook-value 'write-contents-hooks)
+                                 (files-fetch-hook-value
+				  'local-write-file-hooks)
+                                 (files-fetch-hook-value 'write-file-hooks)))
+		  (after-save-hook nil)
+                  (local-write-file-hooks nil)
+		  (write-contents-hooks nil)
+		  (write-file-hooks nil)
+		  done)
+              (while (and hooks
+                          (let ((continue-save-buffer-hooks-tail hooks))
+                            (not (setq done (funcall (car hooks))))))
+                (setq hooks (cdr hooks)))
+	      ;; If a hook returned t, file is already "written".
+	      ;; Otherwise, write it the usual way now.
+	      (if (not done)
+		  (basic-save-buffer-1)))
+	    ;; XEmacs: next two clauses (buffer-file-number setting and
+	    ;; set-file-modes) moved into basic-save-buffer-1.
+	    )
+	  ;; If the auto-save file was recent before this command,
+	  ;; delete it now.
+	  (delete-auto-save-file-if-necessary recent-save)
+	  ;; Support VC `implicit' locking.
+	  (vc-after-save)
+	  (run-hooks 'after-save-hook))
+      (message "(No changes need to be saved)"))))
+
+;; This does the "real job" of writing a buffer into its visited file
+;; and making a backup file.  This is what is normally done
+;; but inhibited if one of write-file-hooks returns non-nil.
+;; It returns a value to store in setmodes.
+(defun basic-save-buffer-1 ()
+  (let (setmodes tempsetmodes)
+    (if (not (file-writable-p buffer-file-name))
+	(let ((dir (file-name-directory buffer-file-name)))
+	  (if (not (file-directory-p dir))
+	      (error "%s is not a directory" dir)
+	    (if (not (file-exists-p buffer-file-name))
+		(error "Directory %s write-protected" dir)
+	      (if (yes-or-no-p
+		   (format "File %s is write-protected; try to save anyway? "
+			   (file-name-nondirectory
+			    buffer-file-name)))
+		  (setq tempsetmodes t)
+		(error
+		 "Attempt to save to a file which you aren't allowed to write"))))))
+    (or buffer-backed-up
+	(setq setmodes (backup-buffer)))
+    (let ((dir (file-name-directory buffer-file-name))) 
+      (if (and file-precious-flag
+	       (file-writable-p dir))
+	  ;; If file is precious, write temp name, then rename it.
+	  ;; This requires write access to the containing dir,
+	  ;; which is why we don't try it if we don't have that access.
+	  (let ((realname buffer-file-name)
+		tempname nogood i succeed
+		(old-modtime (visited-file-modtime)))
+	    (setq i 0)
+	    (setq nogood t)
+	    ;; Find the temporary name to write under.
+	    (while nogood
+	      (setq tempname (format "%s#tmp#%d" dir i))
+	      (setq nogood (file-exists-p tempname))
+	      (setq i (1+ i)))
+	    (unwind-protect
+		(progn (clear-visited-file-modtime)
+		       (write-region (point-min) (point-max)
+				     tempname nil realname
+				     buffer-file-truename)
+		       (setq succeed t))
+	      ;; If writing the temp file fails,
+	      ;; delete the temp file.
+	      (or succeed 
+		  (progn
+		    (delete-file tempname)
+		    (set-visited-file-modtime old-modtime))))
+	    ;; Since we have created an entirely new file
+	    ;; and renamed it, make sure it gets the
+	    ;; right permission bits set.
+	    (setq setmodes (file-modes buffer-file-name))
+	    ;; We succeeded in writing the temp file,
+	    ;; so rename it.
+	    (rename-file tempname buffer-file-name t))
+	;; If file not writable, see if we can make it writable
+	;; temporarily while we write it.
+	;; But no need to do so if we have just backed it up
+	;; (setmodes is set) because that says we're superseding.
+	(cond ((and tempsetmodes (not setmodes))
+	       ;; Change the mode back, after writing.
+	       (setq setmodes (file-modes buffer-file-name))
+	       (set-file-modes buffer-file-name 511)))
+	(basic-write-file-data buffer-file-name buffer-file-truename)))
+    (setq buffer-file-number
+	  (if buffer-file-name
+	      (nth 10 (file-attributes buffer-file-name))
+	    nil))
+    (if setmodes
+	(condition-case ()
+	    (set-file-modes buffer-file-name setmodes)
+	  (error nil)))))
+
+;; XEmacs change, from Sun
+(defun continue-save-buffer ()
+  "Provide a clean way for a write-file-hook to wrap AROUND
+the execution of the remaining hooks and writing to disk.
+Do not call this function except from a functions
+on the write-file-hooks or write-contents-hooks list.
+A hook that calls this function must return non-nil,
+to signal completion to its caller.  continue-save-buffer
+always returns non-nil."
+  (let ((hooks (cdr (or continue-save-buffer-hooks-tail
+			(error
+	 "continue-save-buffer called outside a write-file-hook!"))))
+	(done nil))
+    ;; Do something like this:
+    ;; (let ((write-file-hooks hooks)) (basic-save-buffer))
+    ;; First run the rest of the hooks.
+    (while (and hooks
+		(let ((continue-save-buffer-hooks-tail hooks))
+		  (not (setq done (funcall (car hooks))))))
+      (setq hooks (cdr hooks)))
+    ;;
+    ;; If a hook returned t, file is already "written".
+    (if (not done)
+	(basic-save-buffer-1))
+    'continue-save-buffer))
+
+(defun save-some-buffers (&optional arg exiting)
+  "Save some modified file-visiting buffers.  Asks user about each one.
+Optional argument (the prefix) non-nil means save all with no questions.
+Optional second argument EXITING means ask about certain non-file buffers
+ as well as about file buffers."
+  (interactive "P")
+  (save-window-excursion
+    (let ((files-done
+	   (map-y-or-n-p
+	    (function
+	     (lambda (buffer)
+	       (and (buffer-modified-p buffer)
+		    (not (buffer-base-buffer buffer))
+		    ;; XEmacs addition:
+		    (not (symbol-value-in-buffer 'save-buffers-skip buffer))
+		    (or
+		     (buffer-file-name buffer)
+		     (and exiting
+			  (progn
+			    (set-buffer buffer)
+			    (and buffer-offer-save (> (buffer-size) 0)))))
+		    (if arg
+			t
+		      (if (buffer-file-name buffer)
+			  (format "Save file %s? "
+				  (buffer-file-name buffer))
+			(format "Save buffer %s? "
+				(buffer-name buffer)))))))
+	    (function
+	     (lambda (buffer)
+	       (set-buffer buffer)
+	       (condition-case ()
+		   (save-buffer)
+		 (error nil))))
+	    (buffer-list)
+	    '("buffer" "buffers" "save")
+	    ;instead of this we just say "yes all", "no all", etc.
+	    ;"save all the rest"
+	    ;"save only this buffer" "save no more buffers")
+	    ; this is rather bogus. --ben
+	    ; (it makes the dialog box too big, and you get an error
+	    ; "wrong type argument: framep, nil" when you hit q after
+	    ; choosing the option from the dialog box)
+;	    (list (list ?\C-r (lambda (buf)
+;				(view-buffer buf)
+;				(setq view-exit-action
+;				      '(lambda (ignore)
+;					 (exit-recursive-edit)))
+;				(recursive-edit)
+;				;; Return nil to ask about BUF again.
+;				nil)
+;			"display the current buffer"))
+	    ))
+	  (abbrevs-done
+	   (and save-abbrevs abbrevs-changed
+		(progn
+		  (if (or arg
+			  (y-or-n-p (format "Save abbrevs in %s? " abbrev-file-name)))
+		      (write-abbrev-file nil))
+		  ;; Don't keep bothering user if he says no.
+		  (setq abbrevs-changed nil)
+		  t))))
+      (or (> files-done 0) abbrevs-done
+	  (message "(No files need saving)")))))
+
+
+(defun not-modified (&optional arg)
+  "Mark current buffer as unmodified, not needing to be saved.
+With prefix arg, mark buffer as modified, so \\[save-buffer] will save.
+
+It is not a good idea to use this function in Lisp programs, because it
+prints a message in the minibuffer.  Instead, use `set-buffer-modified-p'."
+  (interactive "_P")
+  (if arg ;; rewritten for I18N3 snarfing
+      (message "Modification-flag set")
+    (message "Modification-flag cleared"))
+  (set-buffer-modified-p arg))
+
+(defun toggle-read-only (&optional arg)
+  "Change whether this buffer is visiting its file read-only.
+With arg, set read-only iff arg is positive."
+  (interactive "_P")
+  (setq buffer-read-only
+	(if (null arg)
+            (not buffer-read-only)
+            (> (prefix-numeric-value arg) 0)))
+  ;; Force modeline redisplay
+  (redraw-modeline))
+
+(defun insert-file (filename)
+  "Insert contents of file FILENAME into buffer after point.
+Set mark after the inserted text.
+
+This function is meant for the user to run interactively.
+Don't call it from programs!  Use `insert-file-contents' instead.
+\(Its calling sequence is different; see its documentation)."
+  (interactive "*fInsert file: ")
+  (if (file-directory-p filename)
+      (signal 'file-error (list "Opening input file" "file is a directory"
+				filename)))
+  (let ((tem (insert-file-contents filename)))
+    (push-mark (+ (point) (car (cdr tem))))))
+
+(defun append-to-file (start end filename)
+  "Append the contents of the region to the end of file FILENAME.
+When called from a function, expects three arguments,
+START, END and FILENAME.  START and END are buffer positions
+saying what text to write."
+  (interactive "r\nFAppend to file: ")
+  (write-region start end filename t))
+
+(defun file-newest-backup (filename)
+  "Return most recent backup file for FILENAME or nil if no backups exist."
+  (let* ((filename (expand-file-name filename))
+	 (file (file-name-nondirectory filename))
+	 (dir  (file-name-directory    filename))
+	 (comp (file-name-all-completions file dir))
+	 newest)
+    (while comp
+      (setq file (concat dir (car comp))
+	    comp (cdr comp))
+      (if (and (backup-file-name-p file)
+	       (or (null newest) (file-newer-than-file-p file newest)))
+	  (setq newest file)))
+    newest))
+
+(defun rename-uniquely ()
+  "Rename current buffer to a similar name not already taken.
+This function is useful for creating multiple shell process buffers
+or multiple mail buffers, etc."
+  (interactive)
+  (save-match-data
+    (let* ((base-name (if (and (string-match "<[0-9]+>\\'" (buffer-name))
+			       (not (and buffer-file-name
+					 (string= (buffer-name)
+						  (file-name-nondirectory
+						   buffer-file-name)))))
+			  ;; If the existing buffer name has a <NNN>,
+			  ;; which isn't part of the file name (if any),
+			  ;; then get rid of that.
+			  (substring (buffer-name) 0 (match-beginning 0))
+			(buffer-name)))
+	   (new-buf (generate-new-buffer base-name))
+	   (name (buffer-name new-buf)))
+      (kill-buffer new-buf)
+      (rename-buffer name)
+      (redraw-modeline))))
+
+(defun make-directory-path (path)
+  "Create all the directories along path that don't exist yet."
+  (interactive "Fdirectory path to create: ")
+  (make-directory path t))
+
+(defun make-directory (dir &optional parents)
+  "Create the directory DIR and any nonexistent parent dirs.
+Interactively, the default choice of directory to create
+is the current default directory for file names.
+That is useful when you have visited a file in a nonexistent directory.
+
+Noninteractively, the second (optional) argument PARENTS says whether
+to create parent directories if they don't exist."
+  (interactive (list (let ((current-prefix-arg current-prefix-arg))
+		       (read-directory-name "Create directory: "))
+		     current-prefix-arg))
+  (let ((handler (find-file-name-handler dir 'make-directory)))
+    (if handler
+	(funcall handler 'make-directory dir parents)
+      (if (not parents)
+	  (make-directory-internal dir)
+	(let ((dir (directory-file-name (expand-file-name dir)))
+	      create-list)
+	  (while (not (file-exists-p dir))
+	    (setq create-list (cons dir create-list)
+		  dir (directory-file-name (file-name-directory dir))))
+	  (while create-list
+	    (make-directory-internal (car create-list))
+	    (setq create-list (cdr create-list))))))))
+
+(put 'revert-buffer-function 'permanent-local t)
+(defvar revert-buffer-function nil
+  "Function to use to revert this buffer, or nil to do the default.
+The function receives two arguments IGNORE-AUTO and NOCONFIRM,
+which are the arguments that `revert-buffer' received.")
+
+(put 'revert-buffer-insert-file-contents-function 'permanent-local t)
+(defvar revert-buffer-insert-file-contents-function nil
+  "Function to use to insert contents when reverting this buffer.
+Gets two args, first the nominal file name to use,
+and second, t if reading the auto-save file.")
+
+(defvar before-revert-hook nil
+  "Normal hook for `revert-buffer' to run before reverting.
+If `revert-buffer-function' is used to override the normal revert
+mechanism, this hook is not used.")
+
+(defvar after-revert-hook nil
+  "Normal hook for `revert-buffer' to run after reverting.
+Note that the hook value that it runs is the value that was in effect
+before reverting; that makes a difference if you have buffer-local
+hook functions.
+
+If `revert-buffer-function' is used to override the normal revert
+mechanism, this hook is not used.")
+
+(defun revert-buffer (&optional ignore-auto noconfirm)
+  "Replace the buffer text with the text of the visited file on disk.
+This undoes all changes since the file was visited or saved.
+With a prefix argument, offer to revert from latest auto-save file, if
+that is more recent than the visited file.
+When called from Lisp, the first argument is IGNORE-AUTO; only offer
+to revert from the auto-save file when this is nil.  Note that the
+sense of this argument is the reverse of the prefix argument, for the
+sake of backward compatibility.  IGNORE-AUTO is optional, defaulting
+to nil.
+
+Optional second argument NOCONFIRM means don't ask for confirmation at
+all.
+
+If the value of `revert-buffer-function' is non-nil, it is called to
+do the work.
+
+The default revert function runs the hook `before-revert-hook' at the
+beginning and `after-revert-hook' at the end."
+  ;; I admit it's odd to reverse the sense of the prefix argument, but
+  ;; there is a lot of code out there which assumes that the first
+  ;; argument should be t to avoid consulting the auto-save file, and
+  ;; there's no straightforward way to encourage authors to notice a
+  ;; reversal of the argument sense.  So I'm just changing the user
+  ;; interface, but leaving the programmatic interface the same.
+  (interactive (list (not current-prefix-arg)))
+  (if revert-buffer-function
+      (funcall revert-buffer-function ignore-auto noconfirm)
+    (let* ((opoint (point))
+	   (auto-save-p (and (not ignore-auto)
+                             (recent-auto-save-p)
+			     buffer-auto-save-file-name
+			     (file-readable-p buffer-auto-save-file-name)
+			     (y-or-n-p
+   "Buffer has been auto-saved recently.  Revert from auto-save file? ")))
+	   (file-name (if auto-save-p
+			  buffer-auto-save-file-name
+			buffer-file-name)))
+      (cond ((null file-name)
+	     (error "Buffer does not seem to be associated with any file"))
+	    ((or noconfirm
+		 (yes-or-no-p (format "Revert buffer from file %s? "
+				      file-name)))
+	     (run-hooks 'before-revert-hook)
+	     ;; If file was backed up but has changed since,
+	     ;; we shd make another backup.
+	     (and (not auto-save-p)
+		  (not (verify-visited-file-modtime (current-buffer)))
+		  (setq buffer-backed-up nil))
+	     ;; Get rid of all undo records for this buffer.
+	     (or (eq buffer-undo-list t)
+		 (setq buffer-undo-list nil))
+	     ;; Effectively copy the after-revert-hook status,
+	     ;; since after-find-file will clobber it.
+	     (let ((global-hook (default-value 'after-revert-hook))
+		   (local-hook-p (local-variable-p 'after-revert-hook
+						   (current-buffer)))
+		   (local-hook (and (local-variable-p 'after-revert-hook
+						      (current-buffer))
+				    after-revert-hook)))
+	       (let (buffer-read-only
+		     ;; Don't make undo records for the reversion.
+		     (buffer-undo-list t))
+		 (if revert-buffer-insert-file-contents-function
+		     (funcall revert-buffer-insert-file-contents-function
+			      file-name auto-save-p)
+		   (if (not (file-exists-p file-name))
+		       (error "File %s no longer exists!" file-name))
+		   ;; Bind buffer-file-name to nil
+		   ;; so that we don't try to lock the file.
+		   (let ((buffer-file-name nil))
+		     (or auto-save-p
+			 (unlock-buffer)))
+		   (widen)
+		   (insert-file-contents file-name (not auto-save-p)
+					 nil nil t)))
+	       (goto-char (min opoint (point-max)))
+	       ;; Recompute the truename in case changes in symlinks
+	       ;; have changed the truename.
+	       ;XEmacs: already done by insert-file-contents
+	       ;(compute-buffer-file-truename)
+	       (after-find-file nil nil t t)
+	       ;; Run after-revert-hook as it was before we reverted.
+	       (setq-default revert-buffer-internal-hook global-hook)
+	       (if local-hook-p
+		   (progn
+		     (make-local-variable 'revert-buffer-internal-hook)
+		     (setq revert-buffer-internal-hook local-hook))
+		 (kill-local-variable 'revert-buffer-internal-hook))
+	       (run-hooks 'revert-buffer-internal-hook))
+	     t)))))
+
+(defun recover-file (file)
+  "Visit file FILE, but get contents from its last auto-save file."
+  ;; Actually putting the file name in the minibuffer should be used
+  ;; only rarely.
+  ;; Not just because users often use the default.
+  (interactive "FRecover file: ")
+  (setq file (expand-file-name file))
+  (if (auto-save-file-name-p file)
+      (error "%s is an auto-save file" file))
+  (let ((file-name (let ((buffer-file-name file))
+		     (make-auto-save-file-name))))
+    (cond ((if (file-exists-p file)
+	       (not (file-newer-than-file-p file-name file))
+	     (not (file-exists-p file-name)))
+	   (error "Auto-save file %s not current" file-name))
+	  ((save-window-excursion
+	     (if (not (eq system-type 'vax-vms))
+		 (with-output-to-temp-buffer "*Directory*"
+		   (buffer-disable-undo standard-output)
+		   (call-process "ls" nil standard-output nil
+				 (if (file-symlink-p file) "-lL" "-l")
+				 file file-name)))
+	     (yes-or-no-p (format "Recover auto save file %s? " file-name)))
+	   (switch-to-buffer (find-file-noselect file t))
+	   (let ((buffer-read-only nil))
+	     (erase-buffer)
+	     (insert-file-contents file-name nil))
+	   (after-find-file nil nil t))
+	  (t (error "Recover-file cancelled.")))))
+
+(defun recover-session ()
+  "Recover auto save files from a previous Emacs session.
+This command first displays a Dired buffer showing you the
+previous sessions that you could recover from.
+To choose one, move point to the proper line and then type C-c C-c.
+Then you'll be asked about a number of files to recover."
+  (interactive)
+  (dired (concat auto-save-list-file-prefix "*"))
+  (goto-char (point-min))
+  (or (looking-at "Move to the session you want to recover,")
+      (let ((inhibit-read-only t))
+	(insert "Move to the session you want to recover,\n"
+		"then type C-c C-c to select it.\n\n"
+		"You can also delete some of these files;\n"
+		"type d on a line to mark that file for deletion.\n\n")))
+  (use-local-map (let ((map (make-sparse-keymap)))
+		   (set-keymap-parents map (list (current-local-map)))
+		   map))
+  (define-key (current-local-map) "\C-c\C-c" 'recover-session-finish))
+
+(defun recover-session-finish ()
+  "Choose one saved session to recover auto-save files from.
+This command is used in the special Dired buffer created by
+\\[recover-session]."
+  (interactive)
+  ;; Get the name of the session file to recover from.
+  (let ((file (dired-get-filename))
+	files
+	(buffer (get-buffer-create " *recover*")))
+    ;; #### dired-do-flagged-delete in FSF.
+    (dired-do-deletions t)
+    (unwind-protect
+	(save-excursion
+	  ;; Read in the auto-save-list file.
+	  (set-buffer buffer)
+	  (erase-buffer)
+	  (insert-file-contents file)
+	  ;; Loop thru the text of that file
+	  ;; and get out the names of the files to recover.
+	  (while (not (eobp))
+	    (let (thisfile autofile)
+	      (if (eolp)
+		  ;; This is a pair of lines for a non-file-visiting buffer.
+		  ;; Get the auto-save file name and manufacture
+		  ;; a "visited file name" from that.
+		  (progn
+		    (forward-line 1)
+		    (setq autofile
+			  (buffer-substring-no-properties
+			   (point)
+			   (save-excursion
+			     (end-of-line)
+			     (point))))
+		    (setq thisfile
+			  (expand-file-name
+			   (substring
+			    (file-name-nondirectory autofile)
+			    1 -1)
+			   (file-name-directory autofile)))
+		    (forward-line 1))
+		;; This pair of lines is a file-visiting
+		;; buffer.  Use the visited file name.
+		(progn
+		  (setq thisfile
+			(buffer-substring-no-properties
+			 (point) (progn (end-of-line) (point))))
+		  (forward-line 1)
+		  (setq autofile
+			(buffer-substring-no-properties
+			 (point) (progn (end-of-line) (point))))
+		  (forward-line 1)))
+	      ;; Ignore a file if its auto-save file does not exist now.
+	      (if (file-exists-p autofile)
+		  (setq files (cons thisfile files)))))
+	  (setq files (nreverse files))
+	  ;; The file contains a pair of line for each auto-saved buffer.
+	  ;; The first line of the pair contains the visited file name
+	  ;; or is empty if the buffer was not visiting a file.
+	  ;; The second line is the auto-save file name.
+	  (if files
+	      (map-y-or-n-p  "Recover %s? "
+			     (lambda (file)
+			       (condition-case nil
+				   (save-excursion (recover-file file))
+				 (error 
+				  "Failed to recover `%s'" file)))
+			     files
+			     '("file" "files" "recover"))
+	    (message "No files can be recovered from this session now")))
+      (kill-buffer buffer))))
+
+(defun kill-some-buffers ()
+  "For each buffer, ask whether to kill it."
+  (interactive)
+  (let ((list (buffer-list)))
+    (while list
+      (let* ((buffer (car list))
+	     (name (buffer-name buffer)))
+	(and (not (string-equal name ""))
+	     (/= (aref name 0) ? )
+	     (yes-or-no-p
+	      (format
+	       (if (buffer-modified-p buffer)
+		   (gettext "Buffer %s HAS BEEN EDITED.  Kill? ")
+		   (gettext "Buffer %s is unmodified.  Kill? "))
+		      name))
+	     (kill-buffer buffer)))
+      (setq list (cdr list)))))
+
+(defun auto-save-mode (arg)
+  "Toggle auto-saving of contents of current buffer.
+With prefix argument ARG, turn auto-saving on if positive, else off."
+  (interactive "P")
+  (setq buffer-auto-save-file-name
+        (and (if (null arg)
+		 (or (not buffer-auto-save-file-name)
+		     ;; If autosave is off because buffer has shrunk,
+		     ;; then toggling should turn it on.
+		     (< buffer-saved-size 0))
+	       (or (eq arg t) (listp arg) (and (integerp arg) (> arg 0))))
+	     (if (and buffer-file-name auto-save-visited-file-name
+		      (not buffer-read-only))
+		 buffer-file-name
+	       (make-auto-save-file-name))))
+  ;; If -1 was stored here, to temporarily turn off saving,
+  ;; turn it back on.
+  (and (< buffer-saved-size 0)
+       (setq buffer-saved-size 0))
+  (if (interactive-p)
+      (if buffer-auto-save-file-name ;; rewritten for I18N3 snarfing
+	  (message "Auto-save on (in this buffer)")
+	(message "Auto-save off (in this buffer)")))
+  buffer-auto-save-file-name)
+
+(defun rename-auto-save-file ()
+  "Adjust current buffer's auto save file name for current conditions.
+Also rename any existing auto save file, if it was made in this session."
+  (let ((osave buffer-auto-save-file-name))
+    (setq buffer-auto-save-file-name
+	  (make-auto-save-file-name))
+    (if (and osave buffer-auto-save-file-name
+	     (not (string= buffer-auto-save-file-name buffer-file-name))
+	     (not (string= buffer-auto-save-file-name osave))
+	     (file-exists-p osave)
+	     (recent-auto-save-p))
+	(rename-file osave buffer-auto-save-file-name t))))
+
+;; see also ../packages/auto-save.el
+(defun make-auto-save-file-name (&optional filename)
+  "Return file name to use for auto-saves of current buffer.
+Does not consider `auto-save-visited-file-name' as that variable is checked
+before calling this function.  You can redefine this for customization.
+See also `auto-save-file-name-p'."
+  (let ((fname (or filename buffer-file-name))
+	name)
+    (setq name
+	  (if fname
+	      (concat (file-name-directory fname)
+		      "#"
+		      (file-name-nondirectory fname)
+		      "#")
+
+	    ;; Deal with buffers that don't have any associated files.  (Mail
+	    ;; mode tends to create a good number of these.)
+ 
+	    (let ((buffer-name (buffer-name))
+		  (limit 0))
+	      ;; Use technique from Sebastian Kremer's auto-save
+	      ;; package to turn slashes into \\!.  This ensures that
+	      ;; the auto-save buffer name is unique.
+
+	      ;; #### - yuck!  yuck!  yuck!  move this functionality
+	      ;; somewhere else and make the name translation customizable.
+	      ;; Using "\!" as part of a filename on a UNIX filesystem is nearly
+	      ;; IMPOSSIBLE to get past a shell parser.  -stig
+	      
+	      (while (string-match "[/\\]" buffer-name limit)
+		(setq buffer-name
+		      (concat (substring buffer-name 0 (match-beginning 0))
+			      (if (string= (substring buffer-name
+						      (match-beginning 0)
+						      (match-end 0))
+					   "/")
+				  "\\!"
+				"\\\\")
+			      (substring buffer-name (match-end 0))))
+		(setq limit (1+ (match-end 0))))
+
+	      ;;    (expand-file-name (format "#%s#%s#" (buffer-name) (make-temp-name "")))
+
+	      ;; jwz: putting the emacs PID in the auto-save file name
+	      ;; is bad news, because that defeats auto-save-recovery of
+	      ;; *mail* buffers -- the (sensible) code in sendmail.el
+	      ;; calls (make-auto-save-file-name) to determine whether
+	      ;; there is unsent, auto-saved mail to recover.  If that
+	      ;; mail came from a previous emacs process (far and away
+	      ;; the most likely case) then this can never succeed as
+	      ;; the pid differs.
+	      
+	      (expand-file-name (format "#%s#" buffer-name)))
+	    ))
+    ;; don't try to write auto-save files in unwritable places.  Unless
+    ;; there's already an autosave file here, put ours somewhere safe. --Stig
+    (if (or (file-writable-p name)
+	    (file-exists-p name))
+	name
+      (expand-file-name (concat "~/" (file-name-nondirectory name))))))
+
+(defun auto-save-file-name-p (filename)
+  "Return non-nil if FILENAME can be yielded by `make-auto-save-file-name'.
+FILENAME should lack slashes.
+You can redefine this for customization."
+  (string-match "\\`#.*#\\'" filename))
+
+(defconst list-directory-brief-switches
+  (if (eq system-type 'vax-vms) "" "-CF")
+  "*Switches for list-directory to pass to `ls' for brief listing,")
+
+(defconst list-directory-verbose-switches
+  (if (eq system-type 'vax-vms)
+      "/PROTECTION/SIZE/DATE/OWNER/WIDTH=(OWNER:10)"
+    "-l")
+  "*Switches for list-directory to pass to `ls' for verbose listing,")
+
+(defun list-directory (dirname &optional verbose)
+  "Display a list of files in or matching DIRNAME, a la `ls'.
+DIRNAME is globbed by the shell if necessary.
+Prefix arg (second arg if noninteractive) means supply -l switch to `ls'.
+Actions controlled by variables `list-directory-brief-switches'
+and `list-directory-verbose-switches'."
+  (interactive (let ((pfx current-prefix-arg))
+		 (list (read-file-name (if pfx (gettext "List directory (verbose): ")
+					 (gettext "List directory (brief): "))
+				       nil default-directory nil)
+		       pfx)))
+  (let ((switches (if verbose list-directory-verbose-switches
+		    list-directory-brief-switches)))
+    (or dirname (setq dirname default-directory))
+    (setq dirname (expand-file-name dirname))
+    (with-output-to-temp-buffer "*Directory*"
+      (buffer-disable-undo standard-output)
+      (princ "Directory ")
+      (princ dirname)
+      (terpri)
+      (save-excursion
+	(set-buffer "*Directory*")
+	(setq default-directory (file-name-directory dirname))
+	(let ((wildcard (not (file-directory-p dirname))))
+	  (insert-directory dirname switches wildcard (not wildcard)))))))
+
+(defvar insert-directory-program "ls"
+  "Absolute or relative name of the `ls' program used by `insert-directory'.")
+
+;; insert-directory
+;; - must insert _exactly_one_line_ describing FILE if WILDCARD and
+;;   FULL-DIRECTORY-P is nil.
+;;   The single line of output must display FILE's name as it was
+;;   given, namely, an absolute path name.
+;; - must insert exactly one line for each file if WILDCARD or
+;;   FULL-DIRECTORY-P is t, plus one optional "total" line
+;;   before the file lines, plus optional text after the file lines.
+;;   Lines are delimited by "\n", so filenames containing "\n" are not
+;;   allowed.
+;;   File lines should display the basename.
+;; - must be consistent with
+;;   - functions dired-move-to-filename, (these two define what a file line is)
+;;   		 dired-move-to-end-of-filename,
+;;		 dired-between-files, (shortcut for (not (dired-move-to-filename)))
+;;   		 dired-insert-headerline
+;;   		 dired-after-subdir-garbage (defines what a "total" line is)
+;;   - variable dired-subdir-regexp
+(defun insert-directory (file switches &optional wildcard full-directory-p)
+  "Insert directory listing for FILE, formatted according to SWITCHES.
+Leaves point after the inserted text.
+SWITCHES may be a string of options, or a list of strings.
+Optional third arg WILDCARD means treat FILE as shell wildcard.
+Optional fourth arg FULL-DIRECTORY-P means file is a directory and
+switches do not contain `d', so that a full listing is expected.
+
+This works by running a directory listing program
+whose name is in the variable `insert-directory-program'.
+If WILDCARD, it also runs the shell specified by `shell-file-name'."
+  ;; We need the directory in order to find the right handler.
+  (let ((handler (find-file-name-handler (expand-file-name file)
+					 'insert-directory)))
+    (if handler
+	(funcall handler 'insert-directory file switches
+		 wildcard full-directory-p)
+      (if (eq system-type 'vax-vms)
+	  (vms-read-directory file switches (current-buffer))
+	(if wildcard
+	    ;; Run ls in the directory of the file pattern we asked for.
+	    (let ((default-directory 
+                      (if (file-name-absolute-p file)
+                          (file-name-directory file)
+                          (file-name-directory (expand-file-name file))))
+		  (pattern (file-name-nondirectory file))
+		  (beg 0))
+	      ;; Quote some characters that have special meanings in shells;
+	      ;; but don't quote the wildcards--we want them to be special.
+	      ;; We also currently don't quote the quoting characters
+	      ;; in case people want to use them explicitly to quote
+	      ;; wildcard characters.
+              ;;#### Unix-specific
+	      (while (string-match "[ \t\n;<>&|()#$]" pattern beg)
+		(setq pattern
+		      (concat (substring pattern 0 (match-beginning 0))
+			      "\\"
+			      (substring pattern (match-beginning 0)))
+		      beg (1+ (match-end 0))))
+	      (call-process shell-file-name nil t nil
+			    "-c" (concat "\\"  ;; Disregard shell aliases!
+					 insert-directory-program
+					 " -d "
+					 (if (stringp switches)
+					     switches
+					   (mapconcat 'identity switches " "))
+					 " "
+					 pattern)))
+	  ;; SunOS 4.1.3, SVr4 and others need the "." to list the
+	  ;; directory if FILE is a symbolic link.
+	  (apply 'call-process
+		 insert-directory-program nil t nil
+		 (let (list)
+		   (if (listp switches)
+		       (setq list switches)
+		     (if (not (equal switches ""))
+			 (progn
+			   ;; Split the switches at any spaces
+			   ;; so we can pass separate options as separate args.
+			   (while (string-match " " switches)
+			     (setq list (cons (substring switches 0 (match-beginning 0))
+					      list)
+				   switches (substring switches (match-end 0))))
+			   (setq list (cons switches list)))))
+		   (append list
+			   (list
+			    (if full-directory-p
+				(concat (file-name-as-directory file)
+					;;#### Unix-specific
+					".")
+			      file))))))))))
+
+(defvar kill-emacs-query-functions nil
+  "Functions to call with no arguments to query about killing XEmacs.
+If any of these functions returns nil, killing Emacs is cancelled.
+`save-buffers-kill-emacs' (\\[save-buffers-kill-emacs]) calls these functions,
+but `kill-emacs', the low level primitive, does not.
+See also `kill-emacs-hook'.")
+
+(defun save-buffers-kill-emacs (&optional arg)
+  "Offer to save each buffer, then kill this XEmacs process.
+With prefix arg, silently save all file-visiting buffers, then kill."
+  (interactive "P")
+  (save-some-buffers arg t)
+  (and (or (not (memq t (mapcar #'(lambda (buf) (and (buffer-file-name buf)
+						     (buffer-modified-p buf)))
+				(buffer-list))))
+	   (yes-or-no-p "Modified buffers exist; exit anyway? "))
+       (or (not (fboundp 'process-list))
+	   ;; process-list is not defined on VMS.
+	   (let ((processes (process-list))
+		 active)
+	     (while processes
+	       (and (memq (process-status (car processes)) '(run stop open))
+		    (let ((val (process-kill-without-query (car processes))))
+		      (process-kill-without-query (car processes) val)
+		      val)
+		    (setq active t))
+	       (setq processes (cdr processes)))
+	     (or (not active)
+		 (yes-or-no-p "Active processes exist; kill them and exit anyway? "))))
+       ;; Query the user for other things, perhaps.
+       (run-hook-with-args-until-failure 'kill-emacs-query-functions)
+       (kill-emacs)))
+
+(defun symlink-expand-file-name (filename)
+  "If FILENAME is a symlink, return its non-symlink equivalent.
+Unlike `file-truename', this doesn't chase symlinks in directory
+components of the file or expand a relative pathname into an
+absolute one."
+  (let ((count 20))
+    (while (and (> count 0) (file-symlink-p filename))
+      (setq filename (file-symlink-p filename)
+	    count (1- count)))
+    (if (> count 0)
+	filename
+      (error "Apparently circular symlink path"))))
+
+
+
+(defun insert-file-contents (filename &optional visit beg end replace)
+  "Insert contents of file FILENAME after point.
+Returns list of absolute file name and length of data inserted.
+If second argument VISIT is non-nil, the buffer's visited filename
+and last save file modtime are set, and it is marked unmodified.
+If visiting and the file does not exist, visiting is completed
+before the error is signaled.
+
+The optional third and fourth arguments BEG and END
+specify what portion of the file to insert.
+If VISIT is non-nil, BEG and END must be nil.
+If optional fifth argument REPLACE is non-nil,
+it means replace the current buffer contents (in the accessible portion)
+with the file contents.  This is better than simply deleting and inserting
+the whole thing because (1) it preserves some marker positions
+and (2) it puts less data in the undo list."
+  (insert-file-contents-internal filename visit beg end replace))
+
+(defun write-region (start end filename &optional append visit lockname)
+  "Write current region into specified file.
+When called from a program, takes three arguments:
+START, END and FILENAME.  START and END are buffer positions.
+Optional fourth argument APPEND if non-nil means
+  append to existing file contents (if any).
+Optional fifth argument VISIT if t means
+  set the last-save-file-modtime of buffer to this file's modtime
+  and mark buffer not modified.
+If VISIT is a string, it is a second file name;
+  the output goes to FILENAME, but the buffer is marked as visiting VISIT.
+  VISIT is also the file name to lock and unlock for clash detection.
+If VISIT is neither t nor nil nor a string,
+  that means do not print the \"Wrote file\" message.
+The optional sixth arg LOCKNAME, if non-nil, specifies the name to
+  use for locking and unlocking, overriding FILENAME and VISIT.
+Kludgy feature: if START is a string, then that string is written
+to the file, instead of any buffer contents, and END is ignored."
+  (interactive "r\nFWrite region to file: ")
+  (write-region-internal start end filename append visit lockname))
+
+(defun load (file &optional noerror nomessage nosuffix)
+  "Execute a file of Lisp code named FILE.
+First try FILE with `.elc' appended, then try with `.el',
+ then try FILE unmodified.
+This function searches the directories in `load-path'.
+If optional second arg NOERROR is non-nil,
+ report no error if FILE doesn't exist.
+Print messages at start and end of loading unless
+ optional third arg NOMESSAGE is non-nil (ignored in -batch mode).
+If optional fourth arg NOSUFFIX is non-nil, don't try adding
+ suffixes `.elc' or `.el' to the specified name FILE.
+Return t if file exists."
+  (load-internal file noerror nomessage nosuffix))
+
+;;; files.el ends here