--- /dev/null	Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000
+++ b/lisp/modes/cc-mode.el	Mon Aug 13 08:45:50 2007 +0200
@@ -0,0 +1,5019 @@
+;;; cc-mode.el --- major mode for editing C, C++, and Objective-C code
+
+;; Copyright (C) 1985, 87, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+;; Authors: 1992-1996 Barry A. Warsaw
+;;          1987 Dave Detlefs and Stewart Clamen
+;;          1985 Richard M. Stallman
+;; Created: a long, long, time ago. adapted from the original c-mode.el
+;; Version:         4.282
+;; Last Modified:   1996/02/09 23:15:14
+;; Keywords: c languages oop
+
+;; NOTE: Read the commentary below for the right way to submit bug reports!
+;; NOTE: See the accompanying texinfo manual for details on using this mode!
+
+;; This file is part of GNU Emacs.
+
+;; GNU Emacs is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
+;; it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+;; the Free Software Foundation; either version 2, or (at your option)
+;; any later version.
+
+;; GNU Emacs is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+;; but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+;; MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+;; GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+;; You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+;; along with GNU Emacs; see the file COPYING.  If not, write to the
+;; Free Software Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330,
+;; Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA.
+
+;;; Commentary:
+
+;; This package provides modes in GNU Emacs for editing C, C++, 
+;; Objective-C, and Java code. It is intended to be a replacement for
+;; c-mode.el (a.k.a. BOCM -- Boring Old C-Mode), and c++-mode.el
+;; (a.k.a cplus-md.el and cplus-md1.el), both of which are ancestors
+;; of this file.  A number of important improvements have been made,
+;; briefly: complete K&R C, ANSI C, `ARM' C++, Objective-C, and Java
+;; support with consistent indentation across all modes, more
+;; intuitive indentation controlling variables, compatibility across
+;; all known Emacsen, nice new features, and tons of bug fixes.  This
+;; package is called "cc-mode" to distinguish it from its ancestors,
+;; but there really is no top-level cc-mode.  Usage and programming
+;; details are contained in an accompanying texinfo manual.
+
+;; To submit bug reports, type "C-c C-b".  These will be sent to
+;; bug-gnu-emacs@prep.ai.mit.edu and I'll read about them there (this
+;; is mirrored as the Usenet newsgroup gnu.emacs.bug).  Questions can
+;; sent to help-gnu-emacs@prep.ai.mit.edu (mirrored as
+;; gnu.emacs.help).  Please do not send bugs or questions to my
+;; personal account.
+
+;; YOU CAN IGNORE ALL BYTE-COMPILER WARNINGS. They are the result of
+;; the multi-Emacsen support.  Emacs 19 (from the FSF), XEmacs 19
+;; (formerly Lucid Emacs), and GNU Emacs 18 all do things differently
+;; and there's no way to shut the byte-compiler up at the necessary
+;; granularity.  Let me say this again: YOU CAN IGNORE ALL
+;; BYTE-COMPILER WARNINGS (you'd be surprised at how many people don't
+;; follow this advice :-).
+
+;; If your Emacs is dumped with c-mode.el and/or c++-mode.el, you will
+;; need to add the following to your .emacs file before any other
+;; reference to c-mode or c++-mode:
+;;
+;; (fmakunbound 'c-mode)
+;; (makunbound 'c-mode-map)
+;; (fmakunbound 'c++-mode)
+;; (makunbound 'c++-mode-map)
+;; (makunbound 'c-style-alist)
+
+;; If your Emacs comes with cc-mode already (and as of 18-Jan-1996,
+;; XEmacs 19.13 and Emacs 19.30 both do), you only need to add the
+;; following to use the latest version of cc-mode:
+;;
+;; (load "cc-mode")
+;;
+;; Make sure the new version is earlier on your load-path.
+
+;; There are four major mode entry points provided by this package,
+;; one for editing C++ code, one for editing C code (both K&R and
+;; ANSI), one for editing Objective-C code, and one for editing Java
+;; code.  The commands are M-x c-mode, M-x c++-mode, M-x objc-mode,
+;; and M-x java-mode.
+
+;; If you are using an old version of Emacs which does not come
+;; with cc-mode.el, you will need to do these things
+;; to use it:
+;;
+;; (autoload 'c++-mode  "cc-mode" "C++ Editing Mode" t)
+;; (autoload 'c-mode    "cc-mode" "C Editing Mode" t)
+;; (autoload 'objc-mode "cc-mode" "Objective-C Editing Mode" t)
+;; (autoload 'java-mode "cc-mode" "Java Editing Mode" t)
+;; (setq auto-mode-alist
+;;   (append '(("\\.C$"    . c++-mode)
+;;             ("\\.cc$"   . c++-mode)
+;;             ("\\.c$"    . c-mode)
+;;             ("\\.h$"    . c-mode)
+;;             ("\\.m$"    . objc-mode)
+;;             ("\\.java$" . java-mode)
+;;            ) auto-mode-alist))
+;;
+;; You do not need these changes in Emacs versions that come with cc-mode.
+
+;; Many, many thanks go out to all the folks on the beta test list.
+;; Without their patience, testing, insight, code contributions, and
+;; encouragement cc-mode.el would be a far inferior package.
+
+;; Anonymous ftp URL:
+;;
+;;    ftp://ftp.python.org/pub/emacs/cc-mode.tar.gz
+
+;;; Code:
+
+
+;; user definable variables
+;; vvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvv
+
+(defvar c-inhibit-startup-warnings-p nil
+  "*If non-nil, inhibits start up compatibility warnings.")
+(defvar c-strict-syntax-p nil
+  "*If non-nil, all syntactic symbols must be found in `c-offsets-alist'.
+If the syntactic symbol for a particular line does not match a symbol
+in the offsets alist, an error is generated, otherwise no error is
+reported and the syntactic symbol is ignored.")
+(defvar c-echo-syntactic-information-p nil
+  "*If non-nil, syntactic info is echoed when the line is indented.")
+(defvar c-basic-offset 4
+  "*Amount of basic offset used by + and - symbols in `c-offsets-alist'.")
+
+(defvar c-offsets-alist
+  '((string                . -1000)
+    (c                     . c-lineup-C-comments)
+    (defun-open            . 0)
+    (defun-close           . 0)
+    (defun-block-intro     . +)
+    (class-open            . 0)
+    (class-close           . 0)
+    (inline-open           . +)
+    (inline-close          . 0)
+    (ansi-funcdecl-cont    . +)
+    (knr-argdecl-intro     . +)
+    (knr-argdecl           . 0)
+    (topmost-intro         . 0)
+    (topmost-intro-cont    . 0)
+    (member-init-intro     . +)
+    (member-init-cont      . 0)
+    (inher-intro           . +)
+    (inher-cont            . c-lineup-multi-inher)
+    (block-open            . 0)
+    (block-close           . 0)
+    (brace-list-open       . 0)
+    (brace-list-close      . 0)
+    (brace-list-intro      . +)
+    (brace-list-entry      . 0)
+    (statement             . 0)
+    ;; some people might prefer
+    ;;(statement             . c-lineup-runin-statements)
+    (statement-cont        . +)
+    ;; some people might prefer
+    ;;(statement-cont        . c-lineup-math)
+    (statement-block-intro . +)
+    (statement-case-intro  . +)
+    (statement-case-open   . 0)
+    (substatement          . +)
+    (substatement-open     . +)
+    (case-label            . 0)
+    (access-label          . -)
+    (label                 . 2)
+    (do-while-closure      . 0)
+    (else-clause           . 0)
+    (comment-intro         . c-lineup-comment)
+    (arglist-intro         . +)
+    (arglist-cont          . 0)
+    (arglist-cont-nonempty . c-lineup-arglist)
+    (arglist-close         . +)
+    (stream-op             . c-lineup-streamop)
+    (inclass               . +)
+    (cpp-macro             . -1000)
+    (friend                . 0)
+    (objc-method-intro     . -1000)
+    (objc-method-args-cont . c-lineup-ObjC-method-args)
+    (objc-method-call-cont . c-lineup-ObjC-method-call)
+    )
+  "*Association list of syntactic element symbols and indentation offsets.
+As described below, each cons cell in this list has the form:
+
+    (SYNTACTIC-SYMBOL . OFFSET)
+
+When a line is indented, cc-mode first determines the syntactic
+context of the line by generating a list of symbols called syntactic
+elements.  This list can contain more than one syntactic element and
+the global variable `c-syntactic-context' contains the context list
+for the line being indented.  Each element in this list is actually a
+cons cell of the syntactic symbol and a buffer position.  This buffer
+position is called the relative indent point for the line.  Some
+syntactic symbols may not have a relative indent point associated with
+them.
+
+After the syntactic context list for a line is generated, cc-mode
+calculates the absolute indentation for the line by looking at each
+syntactic element in the list.  First, it compares the syntactic
+element against the SYNTACTIC-SYMBOL's in `c-offsets-alist'.  When it
+finds a match, it adds the OFFSET to the column of the relative indent
+point.  The sum of this calculation for each element in the syntactic
+list is the absolute offset for line being indented.
+
+If the syntactic element does not match any in the `c-offsets-alist',
+an error is generated if `c-strict-syntax-p' is non-nil, otherwise
+the element is ignored.
+
+Actually, OFFSET can be an integer, a function, a variable, or one of
+the following symbols: `+', `-', `++', `--', `*', or `/'.  These
+latter designate positive or negative multiples of `c-basic-offset',
+respectively: *1, *-1, *2, *-2, *0.5, and *-0.5. If OFFSET is a
+function, it is called with a single argument containing the cons of
+the syntactic element symbol and the relative indent point.  The
+function should return an integer offset.
+
+Here is the current list of valid syntactic element symbols:
+
+ string                 -- inside multi-line string
+ c                      -- inside a multi-line C style block comment
+ defun-open             -- brace that opens a function definition
+ defun-close            -- brace that closes a function definition
+ defun-block-intro      -- the first line in a top-level defun
+ class-open             -- brace that opens a class definition
+ class-close            -- brace that closes a class definition
+ inline-open            -- brace that opens an in-class inline method
+ inline-close           -- brace that closes an in-class inline method
+ ansi-funcdecl-cont     -- the nether region between an ANSI function
+                           declaration and the defun opening brace
+ knr-argdecl-intro      -- first line of a K&R C argument declaration
+ knr-argdecl            -- subsequent lines in a K&R C argument declaration
+ topmost-intro          -- the first line in a topmost construct definition
+ topmost-intro-cont     -- topmost definition continuation lines
+ member-init-intro      -- first line in a member initialization list
+ member-init-cont       -- subsequent member initialization list lines
+ inher-intro            -- first line of a multiple inheritance list
+ inher-cont             -- subsequent multiple inheritance lines
+ block-open             -- statement block open brace
+ block-close            -- statement block close brace
+ brace-list-open        -- open brace of an enum or static array list
+ brace-list-close       -- close brace of an enum or static array list
+ brace-list-intro       -- first line in an enum or static array list
+ brace-list-entry       -- subsequent lines in an enum or static array list
+ statement              -- a C/C++/ObjC statement
+ statement-cont         -- a continuation of a C/C++/ObjC statement
+ statement-block-intro  -- the first line in a new statement block
+ statement-case-intro   -- the first line in a case `block'
+ statement-case-open    -- the first line in a case block starting with brace
+ substatement           -- the first line after an if/while/for/do/else
+ substatement-open      -- the brace that opens a substatement block
+ case-label             -- a case or default label
+ access-label           -- C++ private/protected/public access label
+ label                  -- any non-special C/C++/ObjC label
+ do-while-closure       -- the `while' that ends a do/while construct
+ else-clause            -- the `else' of an if/else construct
+ comment-intro          -- a line containing only a comment introduction
+ arglist-intro          -- the first line in an argument list
+ arglist-cont           -- subsequent argument list lines when no
+                           arguments follow on the same line as the
+                           the arglist opening paren
+ arglist-cont-nonempty  -- subsequent argument list lines when at
+                           least one argument follows on the same
+                           line as the arglist opening paren
+ arglist-close          -- the solo close paren of an argument list
+ stream-op              -- lines continuing a stream operator construct
+ inclass                -- the construct is nested inside a class definition
+ cpp-macro              -- the start of a cpp macro
+ friend                 -- a C++ friend declaration
+ objc-method-intro      -- the first line of an Objective-C method definition
+ objc-method-args-cont  -- lines continuing an Objective-C method definition
+ objc-method-call-cont  -- lines continuing an Objective-C method call
+")
+
+(defvar c-tab-always-indent t
+  "*Controls the operation of the TAB key.
+If t, hitting TAB always just indents the current line.  If nil,
+hitting TAB indents the current line if point is at the left margin or
+in the line's indentation, otherwise it insert a real tab character.
+If other than nil or t, then tab is inserted only within literals
+-- defined as comments and strings -- and inside preprocessor
+directives, but line is always reindented.
+
+Note that indentation of lines containing only comments is also
+controlled by the `c-comment-only-line-offset' variable.")
+
+(defvar c-comment-only-line-offset 0
+  "*Extra offset for line which contains only the start of a comment.
+Can contain an integer or a cons cell of the form:
+
+ (NON-ANCHORED-OFFSET . ANCHORED-OFFSET)
+
+Where NON-ANCHORED-OFFSET is the amount of offset given to
+non-column-zero anchored comment-only lines, and ANCHORED-OFFSET is
+the amount of offset to give column-zero anchored comment-only lines.
+Just an integer as value is equivalent to (<val> . -1000).")
+
+(defvar c-indent-comments-syntactically-p nil
+  "*Specifies how comment-only lines should be indented.
+When this variable is non-nil, comment-only lines are indented
+according to syntactic analysis via `c-offsets-alist', even when
+\\[indent-for-comment] is used.")
+
+(defvar c-block-comments-indent-p nil
+  "*Specifies how to re-indent C style block comments.
+
+Examples of the supported styles of C block comment indentation are
+shown below.  When this variable is nil, block comments are indented
+as shown in styles 1 through 4.  If this variable is non-nil, block
+comments are indented as shown in style 5.
+
+Note that cc-mode does not automatically insert any stars or block
+comment delimiters.  You must type these in manually.  This variable
+only controls how the lines within the block comment are indented when
+you hit ``\\[c-indent-command]''.
+
+ style 1:    style 2 (GNU):    style 3:     style 4:     style 5:
+ /*          /* Blah           /*           /*           /*
+    blah        blah.  */       * blah      ** blah      blah
+    blah                        * blah      ** blah      blah
+    */                          */          */           */")
+
+(defvar c-cleanup-list '(scope-operator)
+  "*List of various C/C++/ObjC constructs to \"clean up\".
+These clean ups only take place when the auto-newline feature is turned
+on, as evidenced by the `/a' or `/ah' appearing next to the mode name.
+Valid symbols are:
+
+ brace-else-brace    -- cleans up `} else {' constructs by placing entire
+                        construct on a single line.  This clean up only
+                        takes place when there is nothing but white
+                        space between the braces and the `else'.  Clean
+			up occurs when the open-brace after the `else'
+			is typed.
+ empty-defun-braces  -- cleans up empty defun braces by placing the
+                        braces on the same line.  Clean up occurs when
+			the defun closing brace is typed.
+ defun-close-semi    -- cleans up the terminating semi-colon on defuns
+			by placing the semi-colon on the same line as
+			the closing brace.  Clean up occurs when the
+			semi-colon is typed.
+ list-close-comma    -- cleans up commas following braces in array
+                        and aggregate initializers.  Clean up occurs
+			when the comma is typed.
+ scope-operator      -- cleans up double colons which may designate
+			a C++ scope operator split across multiple
+			lines. Note that certain C++ constructs can
+			generate ambiguous situations.  This clean up
+			only takes place when there is nothing but
+			whitespace between colons. Clean up occurs
+			when the second colon is typed.")
+
+(defvar c-hanging-braces-alist '((brace-list-open)
+				 (substatement-open after)
+				 (block-close . c-snug-do-while))
+  "*Controls the insertion of newlines before and after braces.
+This variable contains an association list with elements of the
+following form: (SYNTACTIC-SYMBOL . ACTION).
+
+When a brace (either opening or closing) is inserted, the syntactic
+context it defines is looked up in this list, and if found, the
+associated ACTION is used to determine where newlines are inserted.
+If the context is not found, the default is to insert a newline both
+before and after the brace.
+
+SYNTACTIC-SYMBOL can be any of: defun-open, defun-close, class-open,
+class-close, inline-open, inline-close, block-open, block-close,
+substatement-open, statement-case-open, brace-list-open,
+brace-list-close, brace-list-intro, or brace-list-entry. See
+`c-offsets-alist' for details.
+
+ACTION can be either a function symbol or a list containing any
+combination of the symbols `before' or `after'.  If the list is empty,
+no newlines are inserted either before or after the brace.
+
+When ACTION is a function symbol, the function is called with a two
+arguments: the syntactic symbol for the brace and the buffer position
+at which the brace was inserted.  The function must return a list as
+described in the preceding paragraph.  Note that during the call to
+the function, the variable `c-syntactic-context' is set to the entire
+syntactic context for the brace line.")
+
+(defvar c-hanging-colons-alist nil
+  "*Controls the insertion of newlines before and after certain colons.
+This variable contains an association list with elements of the
+following form: (SYNTACTIC-SYMBOL . ACTION).
+
+See the variable `c-hanging-braces-alist' for the semantics of this
+variable.  Note however that making ACTION a function symbol is
+currently not supported for this variable.")
+
+(defvar c-hanging-semi&comma-criteria '(c-semi&comma-inside-parenlist)
+  "*List of functions that decide whether to insert a newline or not.
+The functions in this list are called, in order, whenever the
+auto-newline minor mode is activated (as evidenced by a `/a' or `/ah'
+string in the mode line), and a semicolon or comma is typed (see
+`c-electric-semi&comma').  Each function in this list is called with
+no arguments, and should return one of the following values:
+
+  nil             -- no determination made, continue checking
+  'stop           -- do not insert a newline, and stop checking
+  (anything else) -- insert a newline, and stop checking
+
+If every function in the list is called with no determination made,
+then no newline is inserted.")
+
+(defvar c-hanging-comment-ender-p t
+  "*If nil, `c-fill-paragraph' leaves C block comment enders on their own line.
+Default value is t, which inhibits leaving block comment ending string
+`*/' on a line by itself.  This is BOCM's sole behavior.")
+
+(defvar c-backslash-column 48
+  "*Column to insert backslashes when macroizing a region.")
+(defvar c-special-indent-hook nil
+  "*Hook for user defined special indentation adjustments.
+This hook gets called after a line is indented by the mode.")
+(defvar c-delete-function 'backward-delete-char-untabify
+  "*Function called by `c-electric-delete' when deleting characters.")
+(defvar c-electric-pound-behavior nil
+  "*List of behaviors for electric pound insertion.
+Only currently supported behavior is `alignleft'.")
+
+(defvar c-recognize-knr-p nil		; Emacs version uses t
+  "*If non-nil, `c-mode' and `objc-mode' will recognize K&R constructs.
+This variable is needed because of ambiguities in C syntax that make
+fast recognition of K&R constructs problematic, and slow.  If you are
+coding with ANSI prototypes, set this variable to nil to speed up
+recognition of certain constructs.  By setting this variable to nil, I
+have seen an increase of 20 times under some circumstance.")
+
+(defvar c-progress-interval 5
+  "*Interval used to update progress status during long re-indentation.
+If a number, percentage complete gets updated after each interval of
+that many seconds.   Set to nil to inhibit updating.  This is only
+useful for Emacs 19.")
+
+(defvar c-style-alist
+  '(("gnu"
+     (c-basic-offset . 2)
+     (c-comment-only-line-offset . (0 . 0))
+     (c-offsets-alist . ((statement-block-intro . +)
+			 (knr-argdecl-intro . 5)
+			 (substatement-open . +)
+			 (label . 0)
+			 (statement-case-open . +)
+			 (statement-cont . +)
+			 (arglist-intro . c-lineup-arglist-intro-after-paren)
+			 (arglist-close . c-lineup-arglist)
+			 ))
+     )
+    ("k&r"
+     (c-basic-offset . 5)
+     (c-comment-only-line-offset . 0)
+     (c-offsets-alist . ((statement-block-intro . +)
+			 (knr-argdecl-intro . 0)
+			 (substatement-open . 0)
+			 (label . 0)
+			 (statement-cont . +)
+			 ))
+     )
+    ("bsd"
+     (c-basic-offset . 4)
+     (c-comment-only-line-offset . 0)
+     (c-offsets-alist . ((statement-block-intro . +)
+			 (knr-argdecl-intro . +)
+			 (substatement-open . 0)
+			 (label . 0)
+			 (statement-cont . +)
+			 ))
+     )
+    ("stroustrup"
+     (c-basic-offset . 4)
+     (c-comment-only-line-offset . 0)
+     (c-offsets-alist . ((statement-block-intro . +)
+			 (substatement-open . 0)
+			 (label . 0)
+			 (statement-cont . +)
+			 ))
+     )
+    ("whitesmith"
+     (c-basic-offset . 4)
+     (c-comment-only-line-offset . 0)
+     (c-offsets-alist . ((statement-block-intro . +)
+			 (knr-argdecl-intro . +)
+			 (substatement-open . 0)
+			 (label . 0)
+			 (statement-cont . +)
+			 ))
+
+     )
+    ("ellemtel"
+     (c-basic-offset . 3)
+     (c-comment-only-line-offset . 0)
+     (c-hanging-braces-alist     . ((substatement-open before after)))
+     (c-offsets-alist . ((topmost-intro        . 0)
+                         (topmost-intro-cont   . 0)
+                         (substatement         . 3)
+			 (substatement-open    . 0)
+			 (statement-case-intro . 0)
+                         (case-label           . +)
+                         (access-label         . -3)
+                         (inclass              . 6)
+                         (inline-open          . 0)
+                         ))
+     )
+    ("java"
+     (c-basic-offset . 2)
+     (c-comment-only-line-offset . (0 . 0))
+     (c-offsets-alist . ((statement-block-intro . +)
+ 			 (knr-argdecl-intro     . 5)
+ 			 (substatement-open     . +)
+ 			 (label                 . 0)
+ 			 (statement-case-open   . +)
+ 			 (statement-cont        . +)
+ 			 (arglist-intro . c-lineup-arglist-intro-after-paren)
+ 			 (arglist-close . c-lineup-arglist)
+ 			 (access-label  . 0)
+			 ))
+
+     )
+    )
+  "Styles of Indentation.
+Elements of this alist are of the form:
+
+  (STYLE-STRING (VARIABLE . VALUE) [(VARIABLE . VALUE) ...])
+
+where STYLE-STRING is a short descriptive string used to select a
+style, VARIABLE is any cc-mode variable, and VALUE is the intended
+value for that variable when using the selected style.
+
+There is one special case when VARIABLE is `c-offsets-alist'.  In this
+case, the VALUE is a list containing elements of the form:
+
+  (SYNTACTIC-SYMBOL . VALUE)
+
+as described in `c-offsets-alist'.  These are passed directly to
+`c-set-offset' so there is no need to set every syntactic symbol in
+your style, only those that are different from the default.
+
+Note that all styles inherit from the `cc-mode' style, which is
+computed at the time the mode is loaded.")
+
+(defvar c-file-style nil
+  "*Variable interface for setting style via File Local Variables.
+In a file's Local Variable section, you can set this variable to a
+string suitable for `c-set-style'.  When the file is visited, cc-mode
+will set the style of the file to this value automatically.
+
+Note that file style settings are applied before file offset settings
+as designated in the variable `c-file-offsets'.")
+
+(defvar c-file-offsets nil
+  "*Variable interface for setting offsets via File Local Variables.
+In a file's Local Variable section, you can set this variable to an
+association list similar to the values allowed in `c-offsets-alist'.
+When the file is visited, cc-mode will institute these offset settings
+automatically.
+
+Note that file offset settings are applied after file style settings
+as designated in the variable `c-file-style'.")
+
+(defvar c-site-default-style "gnu"
+  "Default style for your site.
+To change the default style at your site, you can set this variable to
+any style defined in `c-style-alist'.  However, if cc-mode is usually
+loaded into your Emacs at compile time, you will need to set this
+variable in the `site-init.el' file before cc-mode is loaded, then
+re-dump Emacs.")
+
+(defvar c-mode-hook nil
+  "*Hook called by `c-mode'.")
+(defvar c++-mode-hook nil
+  "*Hook called by `c++-mode'.")
+(defvar objc-mode-hook nil
+  "*Hook called by `objc-mode'.")
+(defvar java-mode-hook nil
+  "*Hook called by `java-mode'.")
+
+(defvar c-mode-common-hook nil
+  "*Hook called by `c-mode', `c++-mode', and 'objc-mode' during common init.")
+
+(defvar c-mode-menu
+  '(["Comment Out Region"     comment-region (mark)]
+    ["Macro Expand Region"    c-macro-expand (mark)]
+    ["Backslashify"           c-backslash-region (mark)]
+    ["Indent Expression"      c-indent-exp
+     (memq (following-char) '(?\( ?\[ ?\{))]
+    ["Indent Line"            c-indent-command t]
+    ["Fill Comment Paragraph" c-fill-paragraph t]
+    ["Up Conditional"         c-up-conditional t]
+    ["Backward Conditional"   c-backward-conditional t]
+    ["Forward Conditional"    c-forward-conditional t]
+    ["Backward Statement"     c-beginning-of-statement t]
+    ["Forward Statement"      c-end-of-statement t]
+    )
+  "XEmacs 19 menu for C/C++/ObjC modes.")
+
+;; Sadly we need this for a macro in Emacs 19.
+(eval-when-compile
+  ;; Imenu isn't used in XEmacs, so just ignore load errors.
+  (condition-case ()
+      (require 'imenu)
+    (error nil)))
+
+(defvar cc-imenu-c++-generic-expression
+  (` 
+   ((nil
+     (, 
+      (concat
+       "^"				; beginning of line is required
+       "\\(template[ \t]*<[^>]+>[ \t]*\\)?" ; there may be a "template <...>"
+       "\\([a-zA-Z0-9_:]+[ \t]+\\)?"	; type specs; there can be no
+       "\\([a-zA-Z0-9_:]+[ \t]+\\)?"	; more than 3 tokens, right?
+        
+       "\\("				; last type spec including */&
+       "[a-zA-Z0-9_:]+"
+       "\\([ \t]*[*&]+[ \t]*\\|[ \t]+\\)" ; either pointer/ref sign or whitespace
+       "\\)?"				; if there is a last type spec
+       "\\("				; name; take that into the imenu entry
+       "[a-zA-Z0-9_:~]+"		; member function, ctor or dtor...
+ 					; (may not contain * because then 
+ 					; "a::operator char*" would become "char*"!)
+       "\\|"
+       "\\([a-zA-Z0-9_:~]*::\\)?operator"
+       "[^a-zA-Z1-9_][^(]*"		; ...or operator
+       " \\)"
+       "[ \t]*([^)]*)[ \t\n]*[^		;]" ; require something other than a ; after
+ 					; the (...) to avoid prototypes.  Can't
+ 					; catch cases with () inside the parentheses
+ 					; surrounding the parameters
+ 					; (like "int foo(int a=bar()) {...}"
+        
+       )) 6)    
+    ("Class" 
+     (, (concat 
+ 	 "^"				; beginning of line is required
+ 	 "\\(template[ \t]*<[^>]+>[ \t]*\\)?" ; there may be a "template <...>"
+ 	 "class[ \t]+"
+ 	 "\\([a-zA-Z0-9_]+\\)"		; this is the string we want to get
+ 	 "[ \t]*[:{]"
+ 	 )) 2)))
+  "Imenu generic expression for C++ mode.  See `imenu-generic-expression'.")
+ 
+(defvar cc-imenu-c-generic-expression
+  cc-imenu-c++-generic-expression
+  "Imenu generic expression for C mode.  See `imenu-generic-expression'.")
+
+
+;; ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+;; NO USER DEFINABLE VARIABLES BEYOND THIS POINT
+
+;; Shut the byte-compiler up. Requires Emacs 19 or JWZ's improved
+;; byte-compiler. Otherwise, comment this line out and ignore
+;; any warnings.
+;;(byte-compiler-options (warnings nil))
+
+;; figure out what features this Emacs has
+(defconst c-emacs-features
+  (let ((major (and (boundp 'emacs-major-version)
+		    emacs-major-version))
+	(minor (and (boundp 'emacs-minor-version)
+		    emacs-minor-version))
+	(re-suite 'old-re)
+	flavor comments)
+    ;; figure out version numbers if not already discovered
+    (and (or (not major) (not minor))
+	 (string-match "\\([0-9]+\\).\\([0-9]+\\)" emacs-version)
+	 (setq major (string-to-int (substring emacs-version
+					       (match-beginning 1)
+					       (match-end 1)))
+	       minor (string-to-int (substring emacs-version
+					       (match-beginning 2)
+					       (match-end 2)))))
+    (if (not (and major minor))
+	(error "Cannot figure out the major and minor version numbers."))
+    ;; calculate the major version
+    (cond
+     ((= major 18) (setq major 'v18))	;Emacs 18
+     ((= major 4)  (setq major 'v18))	;Epoch 4
+     ((= major 19) (setq major 'v19	;Emacs 19
+			 flavor (if (or (string-match "Lucid" emacs-version)
+					(string-match "XEmacs" emacs-version))
+				    'XEmacs 'FSF)))
+     ;; I don't know
+     (t (error "Cannot recognize major version number: %s" major)))
+    ;; Regular expression suites...
+    (if (and (eq major 'v19)
+	     (or (and (eq flavor 'XEmacs) (>= minor 14))
+		 (and (eq flavor 'FSF) (>= minor 30))))
+	(setq re-suite 'new-re))
+    ;; XEmacs 19 uses 8-bit modify-syntax-entry flags, as do all
+    ;; patched Emacs 19, Emacs 18, Epoch 4's.  Only Emacs 19 uses a
+    ;; 1-bit flag.  Let's be as smart as we can about figuring this
+    ;; out.
+    (if (eq major 'v19)
+	(let ((table (copy-syntax-table)))
+	  (modify-syntax-entry ?a ". 12345678" table)
+	  (cond
+	   ;; XEmacs pre 20 and Emacs pre 19.30 use vectors for syntax tables.
+	   ((vectorp table)
+	    (if (= (logand (lsh (aref table ?a) -16) 255) 255)
+		(setq comments '8-bit)
+	      (setq comments '1-bit)))
+	   ;; XEmacs 20 is known to be 8-bit
+	   ((eq flavor 'XEmacs) (setq comments '8-bit))
+	   ;; Emacs 19.30 and beyond are known to be 1-bit
+	   ((eq flavor 'FSF) (setq comments '1-bit))
+	   ;; Don't know what this is
+	   (t (error "Couldn't figure out syntax table format."))
+	   ))
+      ;; Emacs 18 has no support for dual comments
+      (setq comments 'no-dual-comments))
+    ;; lets do some minimal sanity checking.
+    (if (and (or
+	      ;; Lucid Emacs before 19.6 had bugs
+	      (and (eq major 'v19) (eq flavor 'XEmacs) (< minor 6))
+	      ;; Emacs 19 before 19.21 has known bugs
+	      (and (eq major 'v19) (eq flavor 'FSF) (< minor 21)))
+	     (not c-inhibit-startup-warnings-p))
+	(with-output-to-temp-buffer "*cc-mode warnings*"
+	  (print (format
+"The version of Emacs that you are running, %s,
+has known bugs in its syntax.c parsing routines which will affect the
+performance of cc-mode. You should strongly consider upgrading to the
+latest available version.  cc-mode may continue to work, after a
+fashion, but strange indentation errors could be encountered."
+		     emacs-version))))
+    ;; Emacs 18, with no patch is not too good
+    (if (and (eq major 'v18) (eq comments 'no-dual-comments)
+	     (not c-inhibit-startup-warnings-p))
+	(with-output-to-temp-buffer "*cc-mode warnings*"
+	  (print (format
+"The version of Emacs 18 you are running, %s,
+has known deficiencies in its ability to handle dual C++ comments,
+i.e. C++ line style comments and C block style comments.  This will
+not be much of a problem for you if you are only editing C code, but
+if you are doing much C++ editing, you should strongly consider
+upgrading to one of the latest Emacs 19's.  In Emacs 18, you may also
+experience performance degradations. Emacs 19 has some new built-in
+routines which will speed things up for you.
+
+Because of these inherent problems, cc-mode is no longer being
+actively maintained for Emacs 18, however, until you can upgrade to
+Emacs 19, you may want to look at cc-mode-18.el in the cc-mode
+distribution.  THIS FILE IS COMPLETELY UNSUPPORTED!  If you use it,
+you are on your own, although patch contributions will be folded into
+the main release."
+			    emacs-version))))
+    ;; Emacs 18 with the syntax patches are no longer supported
+    (if (and (eq major 'v18) (not (eq comments 'no-dual-comments))
+	     (not c-inhibit-startup-warnings-p))
+	(with-output-to-temp-buffer "*cc-mode warnings*"
+	  (print (format
+"You are running a syntax patched Emacs 18 variant.  While this should
+work for you, you may want to consider upgrading to Emacs 19.  The
+syntax patches are no longer supported either for syntax.c or
+cc-mode."))))
+    (list major comments re-suite))
+  "A list of features extant in the Emacs you are using.
+There are many flavors of Emacs out there, each with different
+features supporting those needed by cc-mode.  Here's the current
+supported list, along with the values for this variable:
+
+ Emacs 18/Epoch 4:           (v18 no-dual-comments RS)
+ Emacs 18/Epoch 4 (patch2):  (v18 8-bit RS)
+ XEmacs 19:                  (v19 8-bit RS)
+ Emacs 19:                   (v19 1-bit RS)
+
+RS is the regular expression suite to use.  XEmacs versions after
+19.13, and Emacs versions after 19.29 use the `new-re' regex suite.
+All other Emacsen use the `old-re' suite.")
+
+(defvar c++-mode-abbrev-table nil
+  "Abbrev table in use in c++-mode buffers.")
+(define-abbrev-table 'c++-mode-abbrev-table ())
+
+(defvar c-mode-abbrev-table nil
+  "Abbrev table in use in c-mode buffers.")
+(define-abbrev-table 'c-mode-abbrev-table ())
+
+(defvar objc-mode-abbrev-table nil
+  "Abbrev table in use in objc-mode buffers.")
+(define-abbrev-table 'objc-mode-abbrev-table ())
+
+(defvar java-mode-abbrev-table nil
+  "Abbrev table in use in java-mode buffers.")
+(define-abbrev-table 'java-mode-abbrev-table ())
+
+(defun c-mode-fsf-menu (name map)
+  ;; Add menu to a keymap.  FSF menus suck.  Don't add them for
+  ;; XEmacs. This feature test will fail on other than Emacs 19.
+  (condition-case nil
+      (progn
+	(define-key map [menu-bar] (make-sparse-keymap))
+	(define-key map [menu-bar c] (cons name (make-sparse-keymap name)))
+
+	(define-key map [menu-bar c comment-region]
+	  '("Comment Out Region" . comment-region))
+	(define-key map [menu-bar c c-macro-expand]
+	  '("Macro Expand Region" . c-macro-expand))
+	(define-key map [menu-bar c c-backslash-region]
+	  '("Backslashify" . c-backslash-region))
+	(define-key map [menu-bar c indent-exp]
+	  '("Indent Expression" . c-indent-exp))
+	(define-key map [menu-bar c indent-line]
+	  '("Indent Line" . c-indent-command))
+	(define-key map [menu-bar c fill]
+	  '("Fill Comment Paragraph" . c-fill-paragraph))
+	(define-key map [menu-bar c up]
+	  '("Up Conditional" . c-up-conditional))
+	(define-key map [menu-bar c backward]
+	  '("Backward Conditional" . c-backward-conditional))
+	(define-key map [menu-bar c forward]
+	  '("Forward Conditional" . c-forward-conditional))
+	(define-key map [menu-bar c backward-stmt]
+	  '("Backward Statement" . c-beginning-of-statement))
+	(define-key map [menu-bar c forward-stmt]
+	  '("Forward Statement" . c-end-of-statement))
+
+	;; RMS: mouse-3 should not select this menu.  mouse-3's global
+	;; definition is useful in C mode and we should not interfere
+	;; with that.  The menu is mainly for beginners, and for them,
+	;; the menubar requires less memory than a special click.
+	t)
+    (error nil)))
+
+(defvar c-mode-map ()
+  "Keymap used in c-mode buffers.")
+(if c-mode-map
+    ()
+  ;; TBD: should we even worry about naming this keymap. My vote: no,
+  ;; because Emacs and XEmacs do it differently.
+  (setq c-mode-map (make-sparse-keymap))
+  ;; put standard keybindings into MAP
+  ;; the following mappings correspond more or less directly to BOCM
+  (define-key c-mode-map "{"         'c-electric-brace)
+  (define-key c-mode-map "}"         'c-electric-brace)
+  (define-key c-mode-map ";"         'c-electric-semi&comma)
+  (define-key c-mode-map "#"         'c-electric-pound)
+  (define-key c-mode-map ":"         'c-electric-colon)
+  ;; Lucid Emacs 19.9 defined these two, the second of which was
+  ;; commented out...
+  ;; (define-key c-mode-map "\e{" 'c-insert-braces)
+  ;; Commented out electric square brackets because nobody likes them.
+  ;; (define-key c-mode-map "[" 'c-insert-brackets)
+  (define-key c-mode-map "\e\C-h"    'c-mark-function)
+  (define-key c-mode-map "\e\C-q"    'c-indent-exp)
+  (define-key c-mode-map "\ea"       'c-beginning-of-statement)
+  (define-key c-mode-map "\ee"       'c-end-of-statement)
+  ;; Emacs 19.30 introduces fill-paragraph-function, but it's not in
+  ;; every version of Emacs cc-mode supports.
+  (if (not (boundp 'fill-paragraph-function))
+      ;; I'd rather use an adaptive fill program instead of this.
+      (define-key c-mode-map "\eq"   'c-fill-paragraph))
+  (define-key c-mode-map "\C-c\C-n"  'c-forward-conditional)
+  (define-key c-mode-map "\C-c\C-p"  'c-backward-conditional)
+  (define-key c-mode-map "\C-c\C-u"  'c-up-conditional)
+  (define-key c-mode-map "\t"        'c-indent-command)
+  (define-key c-mode-map "\177"      'c-electric-delete)
+  ;; these are new keybindings, with no counterpart to BOCM
+  (define-key c-mode-map ","         'c-electric-semi&comma)
+  (define-key c-mode-map "*"         'c-electric-star)
+  (define-key c-mode-map "\C-c\C-q"  'c-indent-defun)
+  (define-key c-mode-map "\C-c\C-\\" 'c-backslash-region)
+  ;; TBD: where if anywhere, to put c-backward|forward-into-nomenclature
+  (define-key c-mode-map "\C-c\C-a"  'c-toggle-auto-state)
+  (define-key c-mode-map "\C-c\C-b"  'c-submit-bug-report)
+  (define-key c-mode-map "\C-c\C-c"  'comment-region)
+  (define-key c-mode-map "\C-c\C-d"  'c-toggle-hungry-state)
+  (define-key c-mode-map "\C-c\C-e"  'c-macro-expand)
+  (define-key c-mode-map "\C-c\C-o"  'c-set-offset)
+  (define-key c-mode-map "\C-c\C-s"  'c-show-syntactic-information)
+  (define-key c-mode-map "\C-c\C-t"  'c-toggle-auto-hungry-state)
+  ;; conflicts with OOBR
+  ;;(define-key c-mode-map "\C-c\C-v"  'c-version)
+  ;;
+  ;; Emacs 19 defines menus in the mode map. This call will return
+  ;; t on Emacs 19, otherwise no-op and return nil.
+  (if (and (not (c-mode-fsf-menu "C" c-mode-map))
+	   ;; in XEmacs 19, we want the menu to popup when the 3rd
+	   ;; button is hit.  In Lucid Emacs 19.10 and beyond this is
+	   ;; done automatically if we put the menu on mode-popup-menu
+	   ;; variable, see c-common-init. Emacs 19 uses C-Mouse-3 for
+	   ;; this, and it works with no special effort.
+	   (boundp 'current-menubar)
+	   (not (boundp 'mode-popup-menu)))
+      (define-key c-mode-map 'button3 'c-popup-menu)))
+
+(defvar c++-mode-map ()
+  "Keymap used in c++-mode buffers.")
+(if c++-mode-map
+    ()
+  ;; In Emacs 19, it makes more sense to inherit c-mode-map
+  (if (memq 'v19 c-emacs-features)
+      ;; XEmacs and Emacs 19 do this differently
+      (cond
+       ;; XEmacs 19.13
+       ((fboundp 'set-keymap-parents)
+	(setq c++-mode-map (make-sparse-keymap))
+	(set-keymap-parents c++-mode-map c-mode-map))
+       ((fboundp 'set-keymap-parent)
+	(setq c++-mode-map (make-sparse-keymap))
+	(set-keymap-parent c++-mode-map c-mode-map))
+       (t (setq c++-mode-map (cons 'keymap c-mode-map))))
+    ;; Do it the hard way for Emacs 18 -- given by JWZ
+    (setq c++-mode-map (nconc (make-sparse-keymap) c-mode-map)))
+  ;; add bindings which are only useful for C++
+  (define-key c++-mode-map "\C-c:"  'c-scope-operator)
+  (define-key c++-mode-map "/"      'c-electric-slash)
+  (define-key c++-mode-map "<"      'c-electric-lt-gt)
+  (define-key c++-mode-map ">"      'c-electric-lt-gt)
+  ;; Emacs 19 defines menus in the mode map. This call will return
+  ;; t on Emacs 19, otherwise no-op and return nil.
+  (c-mode-fsf-menu "C++" c++-mode-map))
+
+(defvar objc-mode-map ()
+  "Keymap used in objc-mode buffers.")
+(if objc-mode-map
+    ()
+  ;; In Emacs 19, it makes more sense to inherit c-mode-map
+  (if (memq 'v19 c-emacs-features)
+      ;; XEmacs and Emacs 19 do this differently
+      (cond
+       ;; XEmacs 19.13
+       ((fboundp 'set-keymap-parents)
+	(setq objc-mode-map (make-sparse-keymap))
+	(set-keymap-parents objc-mode-map c-mode-map))
+       ((fboundp 'set-keymap-parent)
+	(setq objc-mode-map (make-sparse-keymap))
+	(set-keymap-parent objc-mode-map c-mode-map))
+       (t (setq objc-mode-map (cons 'keymap c-mode-map))))
+    ;; Do it the hard way for Emacs 18 -- given by JWZ
+    (setq objc-mode-map (nconc (make-sparse-keymap) c-mode-map)))
+  ;; add bindings which are only useful for Objective-C
+  (define-key objc-mode-map "/"      'c-electric-slash)
+  ;; Emacs 19 defines menus in the mode map. This call will return
+  ;; t on Emacs 19, otherwise no-op and return nil.
+  (c-mode-fsf-menu "ObjC" objc-mode-map))
+
+(defvar java-mode-map ()
+  "Keymap used in java-mode buffers.")
+(if java-mode-map
+    ()
+  ;; In Emacs 19, it makes more sense to inherit c-mode-map
+  (if (memq 'v19 c-emacs-features)
+      ;; XEmacs and Emacs 19 do this differently
+      (cond
+       ;; XEmacs 19.13
+       ((fboundp 'set-keymap-parents)
+	(setq java-mode-map (make-sparse-keymap))
+	(set-keymap-parents java-mode-map c-mode-map))
+       ((fboundp 'set-keymap-parent)
+	(setq java-mode-map (make-sparse-keymap))
+	(set-keymap-parent java-mode-map c-mode-map))
+       (t (setq java-mode-map (cons 'keymap c-mode-map)))
+       )
+    ;; Do it the hard way for Emacs 18 -- given by JWZ
+    (setq java-mode-map (nconc (make-sparse-keymap) c-mode-map)))
+  ;; add bindings which are only useful for Java
+  (define-key java-mode-map "/"      'c-electric-slash)
+  ;; Emacs 19 defines menus in the mode map. This call will return t
+  ;; on Emacs 19, otherwise no-op and return nil.
+  (c-mode-fsf-menu "Java" java-mode-map))
+
+(defun c-populate-syntax-table (table)
+  ;; Populate the syntax TABLE
+  ;; DO NOT TRY TO SET _ (UNDERSCORE) TO WORD CLASS!
+  (modify-syntax-entry ?_  "_"     table)
+  (modify-syntax-entry ?\\ "\\"    table)
+  (modify-syntax-entry ?+  "."     table)
+  (modify-syntax-entry ?-  "."     table)
+  (modify-syntax-entry ?=  "."     table)
+  (modify-syntax-entry ?%  "."     table)
+  (modify-syntax-entry ?<  "."     table)
+  (modify-syntax-entry ?>  "."     table)
+  (modify-syntax-entry ?&  "."     table)
+  (modify-syntax-entry ?|  "."     table)
+  (modify-syntax-entry ?\' "\""    table))
+
+(defun c-setup-dual-comments (table)
+  ;; Set up TABLE to handle block and line style comments
+  (cond
+   ((memq '8-bit c-emacs-features)
+    ;; XEmacs 19 has the best implementation
+    (modify-syntax-entry ?/  ". 1456" table)
+    (modify-syntax-entry ?*  ". 23"   table)
+    (modify-syntax-entry ?\n "> b"    table)
+    ;; Give CR the same syntax as newline, for selective-display
+    (modify-syntax-entry ?\^m "> b"    table))
+   ((memq '1-bit c-emacs-features)
+    ;; Emacs 19 does things differently, but we can work with it
+    (modify-syntax-entry ?/  ". 124b" table)
+    (modify-syntax-entry ?*  ". 23"   table)
+    (modify-syntax-entry ?\n "> b"    table)
+    ;; Give CR the same syntax as newline, for selective-display
+    (modify-syntax-entry ?\^m "> b"   table))
+   ))
+
+(defvar c-mode-syntax-table nil
+  "Syntax table used in c-mode buffers.")
+(if c-mode-syntax-table
+    ()
+  (setq c-mode-syntax-table (make-syntax-table))
+  (c-populate-syntax-table c-mode-syntax-table)
+  ;; add extra comment syntax
+  (modify-syntax-entry ?/  ". 14"  c-mode-syntax-table)
+  (modify-syntax-entry ?*  ". 23"  c-mode-syntax-table))
+
+(defvar c++-mode-syntax-table nil
+  "Syntax table used in c++-mode buffers.")
+(if c++-mode-syntax-table
+    ()
+  (setq c++-mode-syntax-table (make-syntax-table))
+  (c-populate-syntax-table c++-mode-syntax-table)
+  ;; add extra comment syntax
+  (c-setup-dual-comments c++-mode-syntax-table)
+  ;; TBD: does it make sense for colon to be symbol class in C++?
+  ;; I'm not so sure, since c-label-key is busted on lines like:
+  ;; Foo::bar( i );
+  ;; maybe c-label-key should be fixed instead of commenting this out,
+  ;; but it also bothers me that this only seems appropriate for C++
+  ;; and not C.
+  ;;(modify-syntax-entry ?: "_" c++-mode-syntax-table)
+  )
+
+(defvar objc-mode-syntax-table nil
+  "Syntax table used in objc-mode buffers.")
+(if objc-mode-syntax-table
+    ()
+  (setq objc-mode-syntax-table (make-syntax-table))
+  (c-populate-syntax-table objc-mode-syntax-table)
+  ;; add extra comment syntax
+  (c-setup-dual-comments objc-mode-syntax-table)
+  ;; everyone gets these
+  (modify-syntax-entry ?@ "_" objc-mode-syntax-table)
+  )
+
+(defvar java-mode-syntax-table nil
+  "Syntax table used in java-mode buffers.")
+(if java-mode-syntax-table
+    ()
+  (setq java-mode-syntax-table (make-syntax-table))
+  (c-populate-syntax-table java-mode-syntax-table)
+  ;; add extra comment syntax
+  (c-setup-dual-comments java-mode-syntax-table)
+  ;; everyone gets these
+  (modify-syntax-entry ?@ "_" java-mode-syntax-table)
+  )
+
+(defvar c-hungry-delete-key nil
+  "Internal state of hungry delete key feature.")
+(defvar c-auto-newline nil
+  "Internal state of auto newline feature.")
+(defvar c-auto-hungry-string nil
+  "Internal auto-newline/hungry-delete designation string for mode line.")
+(defvar c-syntactic-context nil
+  "Variable containing syntactic analysis list during indentation.")
+(defvar c-comment-start-regexp nil
+  "Buffer local variable describing how comment are introduced.")
+(defvar c-conditional-key nil
+  "Buffer local language-specific conditional keyword regexp.")
+(defvar c-access-key nil
+  "Buffer local language-specific access key regexp.")
+(defvar c-class-key nil
+  "Buffer local language-specific class key regexp.")
+(defvar c-method-key nil
+  "Buffer local language-specific method regexp.")
+(defvar c-double-slash-is-comments-p nil
+  "Buffer local language-specific comment style flag.")
+(defconst c-protection-key
+  "\\<\\(public\\|protected\\|private\\)\\>"
+  "Regexp describing protection keywords.")
+(defconst c-symbol-key "\\(\\w\\|\\s_\\)+"
+  "Regexp describing a C/C++/ObjC symbol.
+We cannot use just `word' syntax class since `_' cannot be in word
+class.  Putting underscore in word class breaks forward word movement
+behavior that users are familiar with.")
+(defconst c-baseclass-key
+  (concat
+   ":?[ \t]*\\(virtual[ \t]+\\)?\\("
+   c-protection-key "[ \t]+\\)" c-symbol-key)
+  "Regexp describing C++ base classes in a derived class definition.")
+
+;; minor mode variables
+(make-variable-buffer-local 'c-auto-newline)
+(make-variable-buffer-local 'c-hungry-delete-key)
+(make-variable-buffer-local 'c-auto-hungry-string)
+;; language differences
+(make-variable-buffer-local 'c-comment-start-regexp)
+(make-variable-buffer-local 'c-conditional-key)
+(make-variable-buffer-local 'c-access-key)
+(make-variable-buffer-local 'c-class-key)
+(make-variable-buffer-local 'c-method-key)
+(make-variable-buffer-local 'c-double-slash-is-comments-p)
+(make-variable-buffer-local 'c-baseclass-key)
+(make-variable-buffer-local 'c-recognize-knr-p)
+;; style variables are made buffer local at tail end of this file.
+
+;; cmacexp is lame because it uses no preprocessor symbols.
+;; It isn't very extensible either -- hardcodes /lib/cpp.
+;; [I add it here only because c-mode has it -- BAW]
+;;(autoload 'c-macro-expand "cmacexp"
+;;  "Display the result of expanding all C macros occurring in the region.
+;;The expansion is entirely correct because it uses the C preprocessor."
+;;  t)
+
+
+;; constant regular expressions for looking at various constructs
+(defconst c-C++-class-key "\\(class\\|struct\\|union\\)"
+  "Regexp describing a C++ class declaration, including templates.")
+(defconst c-C-class-key "\\(struct\\|union\\)"
+  "Regexp describing a C struct declaration.")
+(defconst c-inher-key
+  (concat "\\(\\<static\\>\\s +\\)?"
+	  c-C++-class-key "[ \t]+" c-symbol-key
+	  "\\([ \t]*:[ \t]*\\)?\\s *[^;]")
+  "Regexp describing a class inheritance declaration.")
+(defconst c-switch-label-key
+  "\\(\\(case[( \t]+\\S .*\\)\\|default[ \t]*\\):"
+  "Regexp describing a switch's case or default label")
+(defconst c-C++-access-key
+  (concat c-protection-key ":")
+  "Regexp describing C++ access specification keywords.")
+(defconst c-label-key
+  (concat c-symbol-key ":\\([^:]\\|$\\)")
+  "Regexp describing any label.")
+(defconst c-C-conditional-key
+  "\\b\\(for\\|if\\|do\\|else\\|while\\|switch\\)\\b[^_]"
+  "Regexp describing a conditional control.")
+(defconst c-C++-conditional-key
+  "\\b\\(for\\|if\\|do\\|else\\|while\\|switch\\|try\\|catch\\)\\b[^_]"
+  "Regexp describing a conditional control for C++.")
+(defconst c-C++-friend-key
+  "friend[ \t]+\\|template[ \t]*<.+>[ \t]*friend[ \t]+"
+  "Regexp describing friend declarations in C++ classes.")
+(defconst c-C++-comment-start-regexp "//\\|/\\*"
+  "Dual comment value for `c-comment-start-regexp'.")
+(defconst c-C-comment-start-regexp "/\\*"
+  "Single comment style value for `c-comment-start-regexp'.")
+
+(defconst c-ObjC-method-key
+  (concat
+   "^\\s *[+-]\\s *"
+   "\\(([^)]*)\\)?"			; return type
+   ;; \\s- in objc syntax table does not include \n
+   ;; since it is considered the end of //-comments.
+   "[ \t\n]*" c-symbol-key)
+  "Regexp describing an Objective-C method intro.")
+(defconst c-ObjC-access-key
+  (concat "@" c-protection-key)
+  "Regexp describing access specification keywords for Objective-C.")
+(defconst c-ObjC-class-key
+  (concat
+   "@\\(interface\\|implementation\\)\\s +"
+   c-symbol-key				;name of the class
+   "\\(\\s *:\\s *" c-symbol-key "\\)?"	;maybe followed by the superclass
+   "\\(\\s *<[^>]+>\\)?"		;and maybe the adopted protocols list
+   )
+  "Regexp describing a class or protocol declaration for Objective-C.")
+
+(defconst c-Java-conditional-key
+  "\\b\\(for\\|if\\|do\\|else\\|while\\|switch\\|try\\|catch\\|finally\\|synchronized\\)\\b[^_]"
+  "Regexp describing a conditional control for Java.")
+
+(defconst c-Java-method-key
+  (concat
+   "^\\s *[+-]\\s *"
+   "\\(([^)]*)\\)?"			; return type
+   ;; \\s- in java syntax table does not include \n
+   ;; since it is considered the end of //-comments.
+   "[ \t\n]*" c-symbol-key)
+  "Regexp describing a Java method intro.")
+(defconst c-Java-access-key
+  (concat c-protection-key)
+  "Regexp describing access specification keywords for Java.")
+(defconst c-Java-class-key
+  (concat
+   "\\(interface\\|class\\)\\s +"
+   c-symbol-key				;name of the class
+   "\\(\\s *extends\\s *" c-symbol-key "\\)?" ;maybe followed by superclass 
+   ;;"\\(\\s *implements *[^{]+{\\)?"	;and maybe the adopted protocols list
+   )
+  "Regexp describing a class or protocol declaration for Java.")
+
+;; KLUDGE ALERT.  We default these variables to their `C' values so
+;; that non-cc-mode-ized modes that depend on c-mode will still work
+;; out of the box.  The most glaring example is awk-mode.  There ought
+;; to be a better way.
+(setq-default c-conditional-key c-C-conditional-key
+	      c-class-key c-C-class-key
+	      c-comment-start-regexp c-C-comment-start-regexp)
+
+
+;; main entry points for the modes
+(defconst c-list-of-mode-names nil)
+
+(defun c-mode ()
+  "Major mode for editing K&R and ANSI C code.
+To submit a problem report, enter `\\[c-submit-bug-report]' from a
+c-mode buffer.  This automatically sets up a mail buffer with version
+information already added.  You just need to add a description of the
+problem, including a reproducible test case and send the message.
+
+To see what version of cc-mode you are running, enter `\\[c-version]'.
+
+The hook variable `c-mode-hook' is run with no args, if that value is
+bound and has a non-nil value.  Also the hook `c-mode-common-hook' is
+run first.
+
+Key bindings:
+\\{c-mode-map}"
+  (interactive)
+  (kill-all-local-variables)
+  (set-syntax-table c-mode-syntax-table)
+  (setq major-mode 'c-mode
+	mode-name "C"
+	local-abbrev-table c-mode-abbrev-table)
+  (use-local-map c-mode-map)
+  (c-common-init)
+  (setq comment-start "/* "
+	comment-end   " */"
+	comment-multi-line t
+	c-conditional-key c-C-conditional-key
+	c-class-key c-C-class-key
+	c-baseclass-key nil
+	c-comment-start-regexp c-C-comment-start-regexp
+	imenu-generic-expression cc-imenu-c-generic-expression)
+  (run-hooks 'c-mode-common-hook)
+  (run-hooks 'c-mode-hook))
+(setq c-list-of-mode-names (cons "C" c-list-of-mode-names))
+
+(defun c++-mode ()
+  "Major mode for editing C++ code.
+To submit a problem report, enter `\\[c-submit-bug-report]' from a
+c++-mode buffer.  This automatically sets up a mail buffer with
+version information already added.  You just need to add a description
+of the problem, including a reproducible test case, and send the
+message.
+
+To see what version of cc-mode you are running, enter `\\[c-version]'.
+
+The hook variable `c++-mode-hook' is run with no args, if that
+variable is bound and has a non-nil value.  Also the hook
+`c-mode-common-hook' is run first.
+
+Key bindings:
+\\{c++-mode-map}"
+  (interactive)
+  (kill-all-local-variables)
+  (set-syntax-table c++-mode-syntax-table)
+  (setq major-mode 'c++-mode
+	mode-name "C++"
+	local-abbrev-table c++-mode-abbrev-table)
+  (use-local-map c++-mode-map)
+  (c-common-init)
+  (setq comment-start "// "
+	comment-end ""
+	comment-multi-line nil
+	c-conditional-key c-C++-conditional-key
+	c-comment-start-regexp c-C++-comment-start-regexp
+	c-class-key c-C++-class-key
+	c-access-key c-C++-access-key
+	c-double-slash-is-comments-p t
+	imenu-generic-expression cc-imenu-c++-generic-expression)
+  (run-hooks 'c-mode-common-hook)
+  (run-hooks 'c++-mode-hook))
+(setq c-list-of-mode-names (cons "C++" c-list-of-mode-names))
+
+(defun objc-mode ()
+  "Major mode for editing Objective C code.
+To submit a problem report, enter `\\[c-submit-bug-report]' from an
+objc-mode buffer.  This automatically sets up a mail buffer with
+version information already added.  You just need to add a description
+of the problem, including a reproducible test case, and send the
+message.
+
+To see what version of cc-mode you are running, enter `\\[c-version]'.
+
+The hook variable `objc-mode-hook' is run with no args, if that value
+is bound and has a non-nil value.  Also the hook `c-mode-common-hook'
+is run first.
+
+Key bindings:
+\\{objc-mode-map}"
+  (interactive)
+  (kill-all-local-variables)
+  (set-syntax-table objc-mode-syntax-table)
+  (setq major-mode 'objc-mode
+	mode-name "ObjC"
+	local-abbrev-table objc-mode-abbrev-table)
+  (use-local-map objc-mode-map)
+  (c-common-init)
+  (setq comment-start "// "
+	comment-end   ""
+	comment-multi-line nil
+	c-conditional-key c-C-conditional-key
+	c-comment-start-regexp c-C++-comment-start-regexp
+ 	c-class-key c-ObjC-class-key
+	c-baseclass-key nil
+	c-access-key c-ObjC-access-key
+	c-double-slash-is-comments-p t
+	c-method-key c-ObjC-method-key)
+  (run-hooks 'c-mode-common-hook)
+  (run-hooks 'objc-mode-hook))
+(setq c-list-of-mode-names (cons "ObjC" c-list-of-mode-names))
+
+(defun java-mode ()
+  "Major mode for editing Java code.
+To submit a problem report, enter `\\[c-submit-bug-report]' from an
+java-mode buffer.  This automatically sets up a mail buffer with
+version information already added.  You just need to add a description
+of the problem, including a reproducible test case and send the
+message.
+
+To see what version of cc-mode you are running, enter `\\[c-version]'.
+
+The hook variable `java-mode-hook' is run with no args, if that value
+is bound and has a non-nil value.  Also the common hook
+`c-mode-common-hook' is run first.
+
+Key bindings:
+\\{java-mode-map}"
+  (interactive)
+  (kill-all-local-variables)
+  (set-syntax-table java-mode-syntax-table)
+  (setq major-mode 'java-mode
+ 	mode-name "Java"
+ 	local-abbrev-table java-mode-abbrev-table)
+  (use-local-map java-mode-map)
+  (c-common-init)
+  (setq comment-start "// "
+ 	comment-end   ""
+ 	comment-multi-line nil
+ 	c-conditional-key c-Java-conditional-key
+ 	c-comment-start-regexp c-C++-comment-start-regexp
+  	c-class-key c-Java-class-key
+	c-method-key c-Java-method-key
+	c-double-slash-is-comments-p t
+ 	c-baseclass-key nil
+ 	c-access-key c-Java-access-key)
+  (c-set-style "Java")
+  (run-hooks 'c-mode-common-hook)
+  (run-hooks 'java-mode-hook))
+(setq c-list-of-mode-names (cons "Java" c-list-of-mode-names))
+
+(defun c-common-init ()
+  ;; Common initializations for c++-mode and c-mode.
+  ;; make local variables
+  (make-local-variable 'paragraph-start)
+  (make-local-variable 'paragraph-separate)
+  (make-local-variable 'paragraph-ignore-fill-prefix)
+  (make-local-variable 'require-final-newline)
+  (make-local-variable 'parse-sexp-ignore-comments)
+  (make-local-variable 'indent-line-function)
+  (make-local-variable 'indent-region-function)
+  (make-local-variable 'comment-start)
+  (make-local-variable 'comment-end)
+  (make-local-variable 'comment-column)
+  (make-local-variable 'comment-start-skip)
+  (make-local-variable 'comment-multi-line)
+  (make-local-variable 'outline-regexp)
+  (make-local-variable 'outline-level)
+  (make-local-variable 'adaptive-fill-regexp)
+  (make-local-variable 'imenu-generic-expression) ;set in the mode functions
+  ;; Emacs 19.30 and beyond only, AFAIK
+  (if (boundp 'fill-paragraph-function)
+      (progn
+	(make-local-variable 'fill-paragraph-function)
+	(setq fill-paragraph-function 'c-fill-paragraph)))
+  ;; now set their values
+  (setq paragraph-start (if (memq 'new-re c-emacs-features)
+			    (concat page-delimiter "\\|$")
+			  (concat "^$\\|" page-delimiter))
+	paragraph-separate paragraph-start
+	paragraph-ignore-fill-prefix t
+	require-final-newline t
+	parse-sexp-ignore-comments t
+	indent-line-function 'c-indent-line
+	indent-region-function 'c-indent-region
+	outline-regexp "[^#\n\^M]"
+	outline-level 'c-outline-level
+	comment-column 32
+	comment-start-skip "/\\*+ *\\|// *"
+	adaptive-fill-regexp nil)
+  ;; we have to do something special for c-offsets-alist so that the
+  ;; buffer local value has its own alist structure.
+  (setq c-offsets-alist (copy-alist c-offsets-alist))
+  ;; setup the comment indent variable in a Emacs version portable way
+  ;; ignore any byte compiler warnings you might get here
+  (if (boundp 'comment-indent-function)
+      (progn
+	   (make-local-variable 'comment-indent-function)
+	   (setq comment-indent-function 'c-comment-indent))
+    (make-local-variable 'comment-indent-hook)
+    (setq comment-indent-hook 'c-comment-indent))
+  ;; Put C menu into menubar and on popup menu for XEmacs 19. I think
+  ;; this happens automatically for Emacs 19.
+  (if (and (boundp 'current-menubar)
+	   current-menubar
+	   (not (assoc mode-name current-menubar)))
+      ;; its possible that this buffer has changed modes from one of
+      ;; the other cc-mode modes.  In that case, only the menubar
+      ;; title of the menu changes.
+      (let ((modes (copy-sequence c-list-of-mode-names))
+	    changed-p)
+	(setq modes (delete major-mode modes))
+	(while modes
+	  (if (not (assoc (car modes) current-menubar))
+	      (setq modes (cdr modes))
+	    (relabel-menu-item (list (car modes)) mode-name)
+	    (setq modes nil
+		  changed-p t)))
+	(if (not changed-p)
+	    (progn
+	      (set-buffer-menubar (copy-sequence current-menubar))
+	      (add-menu nil mode-name c-mode-menu)))))
+  (if (boundp 'mode-popup-menu)
+      (setq mode-popup-menu
+	    (cons (concat mode-name " Mode Commands") c-mode-menu)))
+  ;; put auto-hungry designators onto minor-mode-alist, but only once
+  (or (assq 'c-auto-hungry-string minor-mode-alist)
+      (setq minor-mode-alist
+	    (cons '(c-auto-hungry-string c-auto-hungry-string)
+		  minor-mode-alist))))
+
+(defun c-postprocess-file-styles ()
+  "Function that post processes relevant file local variables.
+Currently, this function simply applies any style and offset settings
+found in the file's Local Variable list.  It first applies any style
+setting found in `c-file-style', then it applies any offset settings
+it finds in `c-file-offsets'."
+  ;; apply file styles and offsets
+  (and c-file-style
+       (c-set-style c-file-style))
+  (and c-file-offsets
+       (mapcar
+	(function
+	 (lambda (langentry)
+	   (let ((langelem (car langentry))
+		 (offset (cdr langentry)))
+	     (c-set-offset langelem offset)
+	     )))
+	c-file-offsets)))
+
+;; Add the postprocessing function to hack-local-variables-hook.  As
+;; of 28-Aug-1995, XEmacs 19.12 and Emacs 19.29 support this.
+(and (fboundp 'add-hook)
+     (add-hook 'hack-local-variables-hook 'c-postprocess-file-styles))
+
+(defun c-enable-//-in-c-mode ()
+  "Enables // as a comment delimiter in `c-mode'.
+ANSI C currently does *not* allow this, although many C compilers
+support optional C++ style comments.  To use, call this function from
+your `.emacs' file before you visit any C files.  The changes are
+global and affect all future `c-mode' buffers."
+  (c-setup-dual-comments c-mode-syntax-table)
+  (setq-default c-C-comment-start-regexp c-C++-comment-start-regexp))
+
+
+;; macros must be defined before first use
+(defmacro c-point (position)
+  ;; Returns the value of point at certain commonly referenced POSITIONs.
+  ;; POSITION can be one of the following symbols:
+  ;; 
+  ;; bol  -- beginning of line
+  ;; eol  -- end of line
+  ;; bod  -- beginning of defun
+  ;; boi  -- back to indentation
+  ;; ionl -- indentation of next line
+  ;; iopl -- indentation of previous line
+  ;; bonl -- beginning of next line
+  ;; bopl -- beginning of previous line
+  ;; 
+  ;; This function does not modify point or mark.
+  (or (and (eq 'quote (car-safe position))
+	   (null (cdr (cdr position))))
+      (error "bad buffer position requested: %s" position))
+  (setq position (nth 1 position))
+  (` (let ((here (point)))
+       (,@ (cond
+	    ((eq position 'bol)  '((beginning-of-line)))
+	    ((eq position 'eol)  '((end-of-line)))
+	    ((eq position 'bod)
+	     '((beginning-of-defun)
+	       ;; if defun-prompt-regexp is non-nil, b-o-d won't leave
+	       ;; us at the open brace.
+	       (and (boundp 'defun-prompt-regexp)
+		    defun-prompt-regexp
+		    (looking-at defun-prompt-regexp)
+		    (goto-char (match-end 0)))
+	       ))
+	    ((eq position 'boi)  '((back-to-indentation)))
+	    ((eq position 'bonl) '((forward-line 1)))
+	    ((eq position 'bopl) '((forward-line -1)))
+	    ((eq position 'iopl)
+	     '((forward-line -1)
+	       (back-to-indentation)))
+	    ((eq position 'ionl)
+	     '((forward-line 1)
+	       (back-to-indentation)))
+	    (t (error "unknown buffer position requested: %s" position))
+	    ))
+       (prog1
+	   (point)
+	 (goto-char here))
+       ;; workaround for an Emacs18 bug -- blech! Well, at least it
+       ;; doesn't hurt for v19
+       (,@ nil)
+       )))
+
+(defmacro c-auto-newline ()
+  ;; if auto-newline feature is turned on, insert a newline character
+  ;; and return t, otherwise return nil.
+  (` (and c-auto-newline
+	  (not (c-in-literal))
+	  (not (newline)))))
+
+(defmacro c-safe (&rest body)
+  ;; safely execute BODY, return nil if an error occurred
+  (` (condition-case nil
+	 (progn (,@ body))
+       (error nil))))
+
+(defun c-insert-special-chars (arg)
+  ;; simply call self-insert-command in Emacs 19
+  (self-insert-command (prefix-numeric-value arg)))
+
+(defun c-intersect-lists (list alist)
+  ;; return the element of ALIST that matches the first element found
+  ;; in LIST.  Uses assq.
+  (let (match)
+    (while (and list
+		(not (setq match (assq (car list) alist))))
+      (setq list (cdr list)))
+    match))
+
+(defun c-lookup-lists (list alist1 alist2)
+  ;; first, find the first entry from LIST that is present in ALIST1,
+  ;; then find the entry in ALIST2 for that entry.
+  (assq (car (c-intersect-lists list alist1)) alist2))
+
+
+;; This is used by indent-for-comment to decide how much to indent a
+;; comment in C code based on its context.
+(defun c-comment-indent ()
+  (if (looking-at (concat "^\\(" c-comment-start-regexp "\\)"))
+      0				;Existing comment at bol stays there.
+    (let ((opoint (point))
+	  placeholder)
+      (save-excursion
+	(beginning-of-line)
+	(cond
+	 ;; CASE 1: A comment following a solitary close-brace should
+	 ;; have only one space.
+	 ((looking-at (concat "[ \t]*}[ \t]*\\($\\|"
+			      c-comment-start-regexp
+			      "\\)"))
+	  (search-forward "}")
+	  (1+ (current-column)))
+	 ;; CASE 2: 2 spaces after #endif
+	 ((or (looking-at "^#[ \t]*endif[ \t]*")
+	      (looking-at "^#[ \t]*else[ \t]*"))
+	  7)
+	 ;; CASE 3: when comment-column is nil, calculate the offset
+	 ;; according to c-offsets-alist.  E.g. identical to hitting
+	 ;; TAB.
+	 ((and c-indent-comments-syntactically-p
+	       (save-excursion
+		 (skip-chars-forward " \t")
+		 (or (looking-at comment-start)
+		     (eolp))))
+	  (let ((syntax (c-guess-basic-syntax)))
+	    ;; BOGOSITY ALERT: if we're looking at the eol, its
+	    ;; because indent-for-comment hasn't put the comment-start
+	    ;; in the buffer yet.  this will screw up the syntactic
+	    ;; analysis so we kludge in the necessary info.  Another
+	    ;; kludge is that if we're at the bol, then we really want
+	    ;; to ignore any anchoring as specified by
+	    ;; c-comment-only-line-offset since it doesn't apply here.
+	    (if (save-excursion
+		  (beginning-of-line)
+		  (skip-chars-forward " \t")
+		  (eolp))
+		(c-add-syntax 'comment-intro))
+	    (let ((c-comment-only-line-offset
+		   (if (consp c-comment-only-line-offset)
+		       c-comment-only-line-offset
+		     (cons c-comment-only-line-offset
+			   c-comment-only-line-offset))))
+	      (apply '+ (mapcar 'c-get-offset syntax)))))
+	 ;; CASE 4: use comment-column if previous line is a
+	 ;; comment-only line indented to the left of comment-column
+	 ((save-excursion
+	    (beginning-of-line)
+	    (and (not (bobp))
+		 (forward-line -1))
+	    (skip-chars-forward " \t")
+	    (prog1
+		(looking-at c-comment-start-regexp)
+	      (setq placeholder (point))))
+	  (goto-char placeholder)
+	  (if (< (current-column) comment-column)
+	      comment-column
+	    (current-column)))
+	 ;; CASE 5: If comment-column is 0, and nothing but space
+	 ;; before the comment, align it at 0 rather than 1.
+	 ((progn
+	    (goto-char opoint)
+	    (skip-chars-backward " \t")
+	    (and (= comment-column 0) (bolp)))
+	  0)
+	 ;; CASE 6: indent at comment column except leave at least one
+	 ;; space.
+	 (t (max (1+ (current-column))
+		 comment-column))
+	 )))))
+
+;; used by outline-minor-mode
+(defun c-outline-level ()
+  (save-excursion
+    (skip-chars-forward "\t ")
+    (current-column)))
+
+;; active regions, and auto-newline/hungry delete key
+(defun c-keep-region-active ()
+  ;; Do whatever is necessary to keep the region active in
+  ;; XEmacs 19. ignore byte-compiler warnings you might see
+  (and (boundp 'zmacs-region-stays)
+       (setq zmacs-region-stays t)))
+
+(defun c-update-modeline ()
+  ;; set the c-auto-hungry-string for the correct designation on the modeline
+  (setq c-auto-hungry-string
+	(if c-auto-newline
+	    (if c-hungry-delete-key "/ah" "/a")
+	  (if c-hungry-delete-key "/h" nil)))
+  ;; updates the modeline for all Emacsen
+  (if (memq 'v19 c-emacs-features)
+      (force-mode-line-update)
+    (set-buffer-modified-p (buffer-modified-p))))
+
+(defun c-calculate-state (arg prevstate)
+  ;; Calculate the new state of PREVSTATE, t or nil, based on arg. If
+  ;; arg is nil or zero, toggle the state. If arg is negative, turn
+  ;; the state off, and if arg is positive, turn the state on
+  (if (or (not arg)
+	  (zerop (setq arg (prefix-numeric-value arg))))
+      (not prevstate)
+    (> arg 0)))
+
+(defun c-toggle-auto-state (arg)
+  "Toggle auto-newline feature.
+Optional numeric ARG, if supplied turns on auto-newline when positive,
+turns it off when negative, and just toggles it when zero.
+
+When the auto-newline feature is enabled (as evidenced by the `/a' or
+`/ah' on the modeline after the mode name) newlines are automatically
+inserted after special characters such as brace, comma, semi-colon,
+and colon."
+  (interactive "P")
+  (setq c-auto-newline (c-calculate-state arg c-auto-newline))
+  (c-update-modeline)
+  (c-keep-region-active))
+
+(defun c-toggle-hungry-state (arg)
+  "Toggle hungry-delete-key feature.
+Optional numeric ARG, if supplied turns on hungry-delete when positive,
+turns it off when negative, and just toggles it when zero.
+
+When the hungry-delete-key feature is enabled (as evidenced by the
+`/h' or `/ah' on the modeline after the mode name) the delete key
+gobbles all preceding whitespace in one fell swoop."
+  (interactive "P")
+  (setq c-hungry-delete-key (c-calculate-state arg c-hungry-delete-key))
+  (c-update-modeline)
+  (c-keep-region-active))
+
+(defun c-toggle-auto-hungry-state (arg)
+  "Toggle auto-newline and hungry-delete-key features.
+Optional numeric ARG, if supplied turns on auto-newline and
+hungry-delete when positive, turns them off when negative, and just
+toggles them when zero.
+
+See `c-toggle-auto-state' and `c-toggle-hungry-state' for details."
+  (interactive "P")
+  (setq c-auto-newline (c-calculate-state arg c-auto-newline))
+  (setq c-hungry-delete-key (c-calculate-state arg c-hungry-delete-key))
+  (c-update-modeline)
+  (c-keep-region-active))
+
+
+;; COMMANDS
+(defun c-electric-delete (arg)
+  "Deletes preceding character or whitespace.
+If `c-hungry-delete-key' is non-nil, as evidenced by the \"/h\" or
+\"/ah\" string on the mode line, then all preceding whitespace is
+consumed.  If however an ARG is supplied, or `c-hungry-delete-key' is
+nil, or point is inside a literal then the function in the variable
+`c-delete-function' is called."
+  (interactive "P")
+  (if (or (not c-hungry-delete-key)
+	  arg
+	  (c-in-literal))
+      (funcall c-delete-function (prefix-numeric-value arg))
+    (let ((here (point)))
+      (skip-chars-backward " \t\n")
+      (if (/= (point) here)
+	  (delete-region (point) here)
+	(funcall c-delete-function 1)
+	))))
+
+(defun c-electric-pound (arg)
+  "Electric pound (`#') insertion.
+Inserts a `#' character specially depending on the variable
+`c-electric-pound-behavior'.  If a numeric ARG is supplied, or if
+point is inside a literal, nothing special happens."
+  (interactive "P")
+  (if (or (c-in-literal)
+	  arg
+	  (not (memq 'alignleft c-electric-pound-behavior)))
+      ;; do nothing special
+      (self-insert-command (prefix-numeric-value arg))
+    ;; place the pound character at the left edge
+    (let ((pos (- (point-max) (point)))
+	  (bolp (bolp)))
+      (beginning-of-line)
+      (delete-horizontal-space)
+      (insert-char last-command-char 1)
+      (and (not bolp)
+	   (goto-char (- (point-max) pos)))
+      )))
+
+(defun c-electric-brace (arg)
+  "Insert a brace.
+
+If the auto-newline feature is turned on, as evidenced by the \"/a\"
+or \"/ah\" string on the mode line, newlines are inserted before and
+after braces based on the value of `c-hanging-braces-alist'.
+
+Also, the line is re-indented unless a numeric ARG is supplied, there
+are non-whitespace characters present on the line after the brace, or
+the brace is inserted inside a literal."
+  (interactive "P")
+  (let* ((c-state-cache (c-parse-state))
+	 (safepos (c-safe-position (point) c-state-cache))
+	 (literal (c-in-literal safepos)))
+    ;; if we're in a literal, or we're not at the end of the line, or
+    ;; a numeric arg is provided, or auto-newlining is turned off,
+    ;; then just insert the character.
+    (if (or literal arg
+;	    (not c-auto-newline)
+	    (not (looking-at "[ \t]*$")))
+	(c-insert-special-chars arg)	
+      (let* ((syms '(class-open class-close defun-open defun-close 
+		     inline-open inline-close brace-list-open brace-list-close
+		     brace-list-intro brace-list-entry block-open block-close
+		     substatement-open statement-case-open))
+	    ;; we want to inhibit blinking the paren since this will
+	    ;; be most disruptive. we'll blink it ourselves later on
+	    (old-blink-paren (if (boundp 'blink-paren-function)
+				 blink-paren-function
+			       blink-paren-hook))
+	    blink-paren-function	; emacs19
+	    blink-paren-hook		; emacs18
+	    (insertion-point (point))
+	    delete-temp-newline
+	    (preserve-p (= 32 (char-syntax (preceding-char))))
+	    ;; shut this up too
+	    (c-echo-syntactic-information-p nil)
+	    (syntax (progn
+		      ;; only insert a newline if there is
+		      ;; non-whitespace behind us
+		      (if (save-excursion
+			    (skip-chars-backward " \t")
+			    (not (bolp)))
+			  (progn (newline)
+				 (setq delete-temp-newline t)))
+		      (self-insert-command (prefix-numeric-value arg))
+		      ;; state cache doesn't change
+		      (c-guess-basic-syntax)))
+	    (newlines (and
+		       c-auto-newline
+		       (or (c-lookup-lists syms syntax c-hanging-braces-alist)
+			   '(ignore before after)))))
+	;; If syntax is a function symbol, then call it using the
+	;; defined semantics.
+	(if (and (not (consp (cdr newlines)))
+		 (fboundp (cdr newlines)))
+	    (let ((c-syntactic-context syntax))
+	      (setq newlines
+		    (funcall (cdr newlines) (car newlines) insertion-point))))
+	;; does a newline go before the open brace?
+	(if (memq 'before newlines)
+	    ;; we leave the newline we've put in there before,
+	    ;; but we need to re-indent the line above
+	    (let ((pos (- (point-max) (point)))
+		  (here (point))
+		  (c-state-cache c-state-cache))
+	      (forward-line -1)
+	      ;; we may need to update the cache. this should still be
+	      ;; faster than recalculating the state in many cases
+	      (save-excursion
+		(save-restriction
+		  (narrow-to-region here (point))
+		  (if (and (c-safe (progn (backward-up-list -1) t))
+			   (memq (preceding-char) '(?\) ?}))
+			   (progn (widen)
+				  (c-safe (progn (forward-sexp -1) t))))
+		      (setq c-state-cache
+			    (c-hack-state (point) 'open c-state-cache))
+		    (if (and (car c-state-cache)
+			     (not (consp (car c-state-cache)))
+			     (<= (point) (car c-state-cache)))
+			(setq c-state-cache (cdr c-state-cache))
+		      ))))
+	      (let ((here (point))
+		    (shift (c-indent-line)))
+		(setq c-state-cache (c-adjust-state (c-point 'bol) here
+						    (- shift) c-state-cache)))
+	      (goto-char (- (point-max) pos))
+	      ;; if the buffer has changed due to the indentation, we
+	      ;; need to recalculate syntax for the current line, but
+	      ;; we won't need to update the state cache.
+	      (if (/= (point) here)
+		  (setq syntax (c-guess-basic-syntax))))
+	  ;; must remove the newline we just stuck in (if we really did it)
+	  (and delete-temp-newline
+	       (save-excursion
+		 ;; if there is whitespace before point, then preserve
+		 ;; at least one space.
+		 (delete-indentation)
+		 (just-one-space)
+		 (if (not preserve-p)
+		     (delete-char -1))))
+	  ;; since we're hanging the brace, we need to recalculate
+	  ;; syntax.  Update the state to accurately reflect the
+	  ;; beginning of the line.  We punt if we cross any open or
+	  ;; closed parens because its just too hard to modify the
+	  ;; known state.  This limitation will be fixed in v5.
+	  (save-excursion
+	    (let ((bol (c-point 'bol)))
+	      (if (zerop (car (parse-partial-sexp bol (1- (point)))))
+		  (setq c-state-cache (c-whack-state bol c-state-cache)
+			syntax (c-guess-basic-syntax))
+		;; gotta punt. this requires some horrible kludgery
+		(beginning-of-line)
+		(makunbound 'c-state-cache)
+		(setq c-state-cache (c-parse-state)
+		      syntax nil))))
+	  )
+	;; now adjust the line's indentation. don't update the state
+	;; cache since c-guess-basic-syntax isn't called when the
+	;; syntax is passed to c-indent-line
+	(let ((here (point))
+	      (shift (c-indent-line syntax)))
+	  (setq c-state-cache (c-adjust-state (c-point 'bol) here
+					      (- shift) c-state-cache)))
+	;; Do all appropriate clean ups
+	(let ((here (point))
+	      (pos (- (point-max) (point)))
+	      mbeg mend)
+	  ;; clean up empty defun braces
+	  (if (and c-auto-newline
+		   (memq 'empty-defun-braces c-cleanup-list)
+		   (= last-command-char ?\})
+		   (c-intersect-lists '(defun-close class-close inline-close)
+				      syntax)
+		   (progn
+		     (forward-char -1)
+		     (skip-chars-backward " \t\n")
+		     (= (preceding-char) ?\{))
+		   ;; make sure matching open brace isn't in a comment
+		   (not (c-in-literal)))
+	      (delete-region (point) (1- here)))
+	  ;; clean up brace-else-brace
+	  (if (and c-auto-newline
+		   (memq 'brace-else-brace c-cleanup-list)
+		   (= last-command-char ?\{)
+		   (re-search-backward "}[ \t\n]*else[ \t\n]*{" nil t)
+		   (progn
+		     (setq mbeg (match-beginning 0)
+			   mend (match-end 0))
+		     (= mend here))
+		   (not (c-in-literal)))
+	      (progn
+		(delete-region mbeg mend)
+		(insert "} else {")))
+	  (goto-char (- (point-max) pos))
+	  )
+	;; does a newline go after the brace?
+	(if (memq 'after newlines)
+	    (progn
+	      (newline)
+	      ;; update on c-state-cache
+	      (let* ((bufpos (- (point) 2))
+		     (which (if (= (char-after bufpos) ?{) 'open 'close))
+		     (c-state-cache (c-hack-state bufpos which c-state-cache)))
+		(c-indent-line))))
+	;; blink the paren
+	(and (= last-command-char ?\})
+	     old-blink-paren
+	     (save-excursion
+	       (c-backward-syntactic-ws safepos)
+	       (if (boundp 'blink-paren-function)
+		   (funcall old-blink-paren)
+		 (run-hooks old-blink-paren))))
+	))))
+      
+(defun c-electric-slash (arg)
+  "Insert a slash character.
+If slash is second of a double-slash C++ style comment introducing
+construct, and we are on a comment-only-line, indent line as comment.
+If numeric ARG is supplied or point is inside a literal, indentation
+is inhibited."
+  (interactive "P")
+  (let ((indentp (and (not arg)
+		      (= (preceding-char) ?/)
+		      (= last-command-char ?/)
+		      (not (c-in-literal))))
+	;; shut this up
+	(c-echo-syntactic-information-p nil))
+    (self-insert-command (prefix-numeric-value arg))
+    (if indentp
+	(c-indent-line))))
+
+(defun c-electric-star (arg)
+  "Insert a star character.
+If the star is the second character of a C style comment introducing
+construct, and we are on a comment-only-line, indent line as comment.
+If numeric ARG is supplied or point is inside a literal, indentation
+is inhibited."
+  (interactive "P")
+  (self-insert-command (prefix-numeric-value arg))
+  ;; if we are in a literal, or if arg is given do not re-indent the
+  ;; current line, unless this star introduces a comment-only line.
+  (if (and (not arg)
+	   (memq (c-in-literal) '(c))
+	   (= (preceding-char) ?*)
+	   (save-excursion
+	     (forward-char -1)
+	     (skip-chars-backward "*")
+	     (if (= (preceding-char) ?/)
+		 (forward-char -1))
+	     (skip-chars-backward " \t")
+	     (bolp)))
+      ;; shut this up
+      (let (c-echo-syntactic-information-p)
+	(c-indent-line))
+    ))
+
+(defun c-electric-semi&comma (arg)
+  "Insert a comma or semicolon.
+When the auto-newline feature is turned on, as evidenced by the \"/a\"
+or \"/ah\" string on the mode line, a newline might be inserted.  See
+the variable `c-hanging-semi&comma-criteria' for how newline insertion
+is determined.
+
+When semicolon is inserted, the line is re-indented unless a numeric
+arg is supplied, point is inside a literal, or there are
+non-whitespace characters on the line following the semicolon."
+  (interactive "P")
+  (let* ((lim (c-most-enclosing-brace (c-parse-state)))
+	 (literal (c-in-literal lim))
+	 (here (point))
+	 ;; shut this up
+	 (c-echo-syntactic-information-p nil))
+    (if (or literal
+	    arg
+	    (not (looking-at "[ \t]*$")))
+	(c-insert-special-chars arg)
+      ;; do some special stuff with the character
+      (self-insert-command (prefix-numeric-value arg))
+      ;; do all cleanups, reindentations, and newline insertions, but
+      ;; only if c-auto-newline is turned on
+      (if (not c-auto-newline) nil
+	;; clean ups
+	(let ((pos (- (point-max) (point))))
+	  (if (and (or (and
+			(= last-command-char ?,)
+			(memq 'list-close-comma c-cleanup-list))
+		       (and
+			(= last-command-char ?\;)
+			(memq 'defun-close-semi c-cleanup-list)))
+		   (progn
+		     (forward-char -1)
+		     (skip-chars-backward " \t\n")
+		     (= (preceding-char) ?}))
+		   ;; make sure matching open brace isn't in a comment
+		   (not (c-in-literal lim)))
+	      (delete-region (point) here))
+	  (goto-char (- (point-max) pos)))
+	;; re-indent line
+	(c-indent-line)
+	;; check to see if a newline should be added
+	(let ((criteria c-hanging-semi&comma-criteria)
+	      answer add-newline-p)
+	  (while criteria
+	    (setq answer (funcall (car criteria)))
+	    ;; only nil value means continue checking
+	    (if (not answer)
+		(setq criteria (cdr criteria))
+	      (setq criteria nil)
+	      ;; only 'stop specifically says do not add a newline
+	      (setq add-newline-p (not (eq answer 'stop)))
+	      ))
+	  (if add-newline-p
+	      (progn (newline)
+		     (c-indent-line)))
+	  )))))
+
+(defun c-semi&comma-inside-parenlist ()
+  "Determine if a newline should be added after a semicolon.
+If a comma was inserted, no determination is made.  If a semicolon was
+inserted inside a parenthesis list, no newline is added otherwise a
+newline is added.  In either case, checking is stopped.  This supports
+exactly the old newline insertion behavior."
+  ;; newline only after semicolon, but only if that semicolon is not
+  ;; inside a parenthesis list (e.g. a for loop statement)
+  (if (/= last-command-char ?\;)
+      nil				; continue checking
+    (if (condition-case nil
+	    (save-excursion
+	      (up-list -1)
+	      (/= (following-char) ?\())
+	  (error t))
+	t
+      'stop)))
+
+(defun c-electric-colon (arg)
+  "Insert a colon.
+
+If the auto-newline feature is turned on, as evidenced by the \"/a\"
+or \"/ah\" string on the mode line, newlines are inserted before and
+after colons based on the value of `c-hanging-colons-alist'.
+
+Also, the line is re-indented unless a numeric ARG is supplied, there
+are non-whitespace characters present on the line after the colon, or
+the colon is inserted inside a literal.
+
+This function cleans up double colon scope operators based on the
+value of `c-cleanup-list'."
+  (interactive "P")
+  (let* ((bod (c-point 'bod))
+	 (literal (c-in-literal bod))
+	 syntax newlines
+	 ;; shut this up
+	 (c-echo-syntactic-information-p nil))
+    (if (or literal
+	    arg
+	    (not (looking-at "[ \t]*$")))
+	(c-insert-special-chars arg)
+      ;; insert the colon, then do any specified cleanups
+      (self-insert-command (prefix-numeric-value arg))
+      (let ((pos (- (point-max) (point)))
+	    (here (point)))
+	(if (and c-auto-newline
+		 (memq 'scope-operator c-cleanup-list)
+		 (= (preceding-char) ?:)
+		 (progn
+		   (forward-char -1)
+		   (skip-chars-backward " \t\n")
+		   (= (preceding-char) ?:))
+		 (not (c-in-literal))
+		 (not (= (char-after (- (point) 2)) ?:)))
+	    (delete-region (point) (1- here)))
+	(goto-char (- (point-max) pos)))
+      ;; lets do some special stuff with the colon character
+      (setq syntax (c-guess-basic-syntax)
+	    ;; some language elements can only be determined by
+	    ;; checking the following line.  Lets first look for ones
+	    ;; that can be found when looking on the line with the
+	    ;; colon
+	    newlines
+	    (and c-auto-newline
+		 (or (c-lookup-lists '(case-label label access-label)
+				     syntax c-hanging-colons-alist)
+		     (c-lookup-lists '(member-init-intro inher-intro)
+				     (prog2
+					 (insert "\n")
+					 (c-guess-basic-syntax)
+				       (delete-char -1))
+				     c-hanging-colons-alist))))
+      ;; indent the current line
+      (c-indent-line syntax)
+      ;; does a newline go before the colon?  Watch out for already
+      ;; non-hung colons.  However, we don't unhang them because that
+      ;; would be a cleanup (and anti-social).
+      (if (and (memq 'before newlines)
+	       (save-excursion
+		 (skip-chars-backward ": \t")
+		 (not (bolp))))
+	  (let ((pos (- (point-max) (point))))
+	    (forward-char -1)
+	    (newline)
+	    (c-indent-line)
+	    (goto-char (- (point-max) pos))))
+      ;; does a newline go after the colon?
+      (if (memq 'after (cdr-safe newlines))
+	  (progn
+	    (newline)
+	    (c-indent-line)))
+      )))
+
+(defun c-electric-lt-gt (arg)
+  "Insert a less-than, or greater-than character.
+When the auto-newline feature is turned on, as evidenced by the \"/a\"
+or \"/ah\" string on the mode line, the line will be re-indented if
+the character inserted is the second of a C++ style stream operator
+and the buffer is in C++ mode.
+
+The line will also not be re-indented if a numeric argument is
+supplied, or point is inside a literal."
+  (interactive "P")
+  (let ((indentp (and (not arg)
+		      (= (preceding-char) last-command-char)
+		      (not (c-in-literal))))
+	;; shut this up
+	(c-echo-syntactic-information-p nil))
+    (self-insert-command (prefix-numeric-value arg))
+    (if indentp
+	(c-indent-line))))
+
+;; set up electric character functions to work with pending-del,
+;; (a.k.a. delsel) mode.  All symbols get the t value except
+;; c-electric-delete which gets 'supersede.
+(mapcar
+ (function
+  (lambda (sym)
+    (put sym 'delete-selection t)	; for delsel (Emacs)
+    (put sym 'pending-delete t)))	; for pending-del (XEmacs)
+ '(c-electric-pound
+   c-electric-brace
+   c-electric-slash
+   c-electric-star
+   c-electric-semi&comma
+   c-electric-lt-gt
+   c-electric-colon))
+(put 'c-electric-delete 'delete-selection 'supersede) ; delsel
+(put 'c-electric-delete 'pending-delete   'supersede) ; pending-del
+
+
+
+(defun c-read-offset (langelem)
+  ;; read new offset value for LANGELEM from minibuffer. return a
+  ;; legal value only
+  (let* ((oldoff (cdr-safe (assq langelem c-offsets-alist)))
+	 (defstr (format "(default %s): " oldoff))
+	 (errmsg (concat "Offset must be int, func, var, "
+			 "or in [+,-,++,--,*,/] "
+			 defstr))
+	 (prompt (concat "Offset " defstr))
+	 offset input interned)
+    (while (not offset)
+      (setq input (read-string prompt)
+	    offset (cond ((string-equal "" input) oldoff)  ; default
+			 ((string-equal "+" input) '+)
+			 ((string-equal "-" input) '-)
+			 ((string-equal "++" input) '++)
+			 ((string-equal "--" input) '--)
+			 ((string-equal "*" input) '*)
+			 ((string-equal "/" input) '/)
+			 ((string-match "^-?[0-9]+$" input)
+			  (string-to-int input))
+			 ((fboundp (setq interned (intern input)))
+			  interned)
+			 ((boundp interned) interned)
+			 ;; error, but don't signal one, keep trying
+			 ;; to read an input value
+			 (t (ding)
+			    (setq prompt errmsg)
+			    nil))))
+    offset))
+
+(defun c-set-offset (symbol offset &optional add-p)
+  "Change the value of a syntactic element symbol in `c-offsets-alist'.
+SYMBOL is the syntactic element symbol to change and OFFSET is the new
+offset for that syntactic element.  Optional ADD says to add SYMBOL to
+`c-offsets-alist' if it doesn't already appear there."
+  (interactive
+   (let* ((langelem
+	   (intern (completing-read
+		    (concat "Syntactic symbol to change"
+			    (if current-prefix-arg " or add" "")
+			    ": ")
+		    (mapcar
+		     (function
+		      (lambda (langelem)
+			(cons (format "%s" (car langelem)) nil)))
+		     c-offsets-alist)
+		    nil (not current-prefix-arg)
+		    ;; initial contents tries to be the last element
+		    ;; on the syntactic analysis list for the current
+		    ;; line
+		    (let* ((syntax (c-guess-basic-syntax))
+			   (len (length syntax))
+			   (ic (format "%s" (car (nth (1- len) syntax)))))
+		      (if (memq 'v19 c-emacs-features)
+			  (cons ic 0)
+			ic))
+		    )))
+	  (offset (c-read-offset langelem)))
+     (list langelem offset current-prefix-arg)))
+  ;; sanity check offset
+  (or (eq offset '+)
+      (eq offset '-)
+      (eq offset '++)
+      (eq offset '--)
+      (eq offset '*)
+      (eq offset '/)
+      (integerp offset)
+      (fboundp offset)
+      (boundp offset)
+      (error "Offset must be int, func, var, or in [+,-,++,--,*,/]: %s"
+	     offset))
+  (let ((entry (assq symbol c-offsets-alist)))
+    (if entry
+	(setcdr entry offset)
+      (if add-p
+	  (setq c-offsets-alist (cons (cons symbol offset) c-offsets-alist))
+	(error "%s is not a valid syntactic symbol." symbol))))
+  (c-keep-region-active))
+
+(defun c-set-style-1 (stylevars)
+  ;; given a style's variable alist, institute the style
+  (mapcar
+   (function
+    (lambda (conscell)
+      (let ((attr (car conscell))
+	    (val  (cdr conscell)))
+	;; KLUDGE ALERT: special case for c-offsets-alist
+	(if (not (eq attr 'c-offsets-alist))
+	    (set attr val)
+	  (mapcar
+	   (function
+	    (lambda (langentry)
+	      (let ((langelem (car langentry))
+		    (offset (cdr langentry)))
+		(c-set-offset langelem offset)
+		)))
+	   val))
+	)))
+   stylevars))
+
+(defun c-set-style (stylename)
+  "Set cc-mode variables to use one of several different indentation styles.
+STYLENAME is a string representing the desired style from the list of
+styles described in the variable `c-style-alist'.  See that variable
+for details of setting up styles."
+  (interactive (list (let ((completion-ignore-case t)
+			   (prompt (format "Which %s indentation style? "
+					   mode-name)))
+		       (completing-read prompt c-style-alist nil t))))
+  (let ((vars (cdr (or (assoc (downcase stylename) c-style-alist)
+		       ;; backwards compatibility
+		       (assoc (upcase stylename) c-style-alist)
+		       )))
+	(default (cdr (assoc "cc-mode" c-style-alist))))
+    (or vars (error "Invalid indentation style `%s'" stylename))
+    (or default (error "No `cc-mode' style found!"))
+    ;; first reset the style to `cc-mode' to give every style a common
+    ;; base. Then institute the new style.
+    (c-set-style-1 default)
+    (if (not (string= stylename "cc-mode"))
+	(c-set-style-1 vars)))
+  (c-keep-region-active))
+
+(defun c-add-style (style descrip &optional set-p)
+  "Adds a style to `c-style-alist', or updates an existing one.
+STYLE is a string identifying the style to add or update.  DESCRIP is
+an association list describing the style and must be of the form:
+
+  ((VARIABLE . VALUE) [(VARIABLE . VALUE) ...])
+
+See the variable `c-style-alist' for the semantics of VARIABLE and
+VALUE.  This function also sets the current style to STYLE using
+`c-set-style' if the optional SET-P flag is non-nil."
+  (interactive
+   (let ((stylename (completing-read "Style to add: " c-style-alist))
+	 (description (eval-minibuffer "Style description: ")))
+     (list stylename description
+	   (y-or-n-p "Set the style too? "))))
+  (setq style (downcase style))
+  (let ((s (assoc style c-style-alist)))
+    (if s
+	(setcdr s (copy-alist descrip))	; replace
+      (setq c-style-alist (cons (cons style descrip) c-style-alist))))
+  (and set-p (c-set-style style)))
+
+(defun c-fill-paragraph (&optional arg)
+  "Like \\[fill-paragraph] but handles C and C++ style comments.
+If any of the current line is a comment or within a comment,
+fill the comment or the paragraph of it that point is in,
+preserving the comment indentation or line-starting decorations.
+
+Optional prefix ARG means justify paragraph as well."
+  (interactive "P")
+  (let* (comment-start-place
+	 (first-line
+	  ;; Check for obvious entry to comment.
+	  (save-excursion
+	    (beginning-of-line)
+	    (skip-chars-forward " \t\n")
+	    (and (looking-at comment-start-skip)
+		 (setq comment-start-place (point)))))
+	 (re1 (if (memq 'new-re c-emacs-features)
+		  "\\|[ \t]*/\\*[ \t]*$\\|[ \t]*\\*/[ \t]*$\\|[ \t/*]*$"
+		"\\|^[ \t]*/\\*[ \t]*$\\|^[ \t]*\\*/[ \t]*$\\|^[ \t/*]*$"))
+	 )
+    (if (and c-double-slash-is-comments-p
+	     (save-excursion
+	       (beginning-of-line)
+	       (looking-at ".*//")))
+	(let (fill-prefix
+	       ;; Lines containing just a comment start or just an end
+	       ;; should not be filled into paragraphs they are next
+	       ;; to.
+	      (paragraph-start (concat paragraph-start re1))
+	      (paragraph-separate (concat paragraph-separate re1)))
+	  (save-excursion
+	    (beginning-of-line)
+	    ;; Move up to first line of this comment.
+	    (while (and (not (bobp))
+			(looking-at "[ \t]*//"))
+	      (forward-line -1))
+	    (if (not (looking-at ".*//"))
+		(forward-line 1))
+	    ;; Find the comment start in this line.
+	    (re-search-forward "[ \t]*//[ \t]*")
+	    ;; Set the fill-prefix to be what all lines except the first
+	    ;; should start with.
+	    (setq fill-prefix (buffer-substring (match-beginning 0)
+						(match-end 0)))
+	    (save-restriction
+	      ;; Narrow down to just the lines of this comment.
+	      (narrow-to-region (c-point 'bol)
+				(save-excursion
+				  (forward-line 1)
+				  (while (looking-at fill-prefix)
+				    (forward-line 1))
+				  (point)))
+	      (fill-paragraph arg)
+	      t)))
+      ;; else C style comments
+      (if (or first-line
+	      ;; t if we enter a comment between start of function and
+	      ;; this line.
+	      (eq (c-in-literal) 'c)
+	      ;; t if this line contains a comment starter.
+	      (setq first-line
+		    (save-excursion
+		      (beginning-of-line)
+		      (prog1
+			  (re-search-forward comment-start-skip
+					     (save-excursion (end-of-line)
+							     (point))
+					     t)
+			(setq comment-start-place (point))))))
+	  ;; Inside a comment: fill one comment paragraph.
+	  (let ((fill-prefix
+		 ;; The prefix for each line of this paragraph
+		 ;; is the appropriate part of the start of this line,
+		 ;; up to the column at which text should be indented.
+		 (save-excursion
+		   (beginning-of-line)
+		   (if (looking-at "[ \t]*/\\*.*\\*/")
+		       (progn (re-search-forward comment-start-skip)
+			      (make-string (current-column) ?\ ))
+		     (if first-line (forward-line 1))
+
+		     (let ((line-width (progn (end-of-line) (current-column))))
+		       (beginning-of-line)
+		       (prog1
+			   (buffer-substring
+			    (point)
+
+			    ;; How shall we decide where the end of the
+			    ;; fill-prefix is?
+			    (progn
+			      (beginning-of-line)
+			      (skip-chars-forward " \t*" (c-point 'eol))
+			      (point)))
+
+			 ;; If the comment is only one line followed
+			 ;; by a blank line, calling move-to-column
+			 ;; above may have added some spaces and tabs
+			 ;; to the end of the line; the fill-paragraph
+			 ;; function will then delete it and the
+			 ;; newline following it, so we'll lose a
+			 ;; blank line when we shouldn't.  So delete
+			 ;; anything move-to-column added to the end
+			 ;; of the line.  We record the line width
+			 ;; instead of the position of the old line
+			 ;; end because move-to-column might break a
+			 ;; tab into spaces, and the new characters
+			 ;; introduced there shouldn't be deleted.
+
+			 ;; If you can see a better way to do this,
+			 ;; please make the change.  This seems very
+			 ;; messy to me.
+			 (delete-region (progn (move-to-column line-width)
+					       (point))
+					(progn (end-of-line) (point))))))))
+
+		;; Lines containing just a comment start or just an end
+		;; should not be filled into paragraphs they are next
+		;; to.
+		(paragraph-start (concat paragraph-start re1))
+		(paragraph-separate (concat paragraph-separate re1))
+		(chars-to-delete 0))
+	    (save-restriction
+	      ;; Don't fill the comment together with the code
+	      ;; following it.  So temporarily exclude everything
+	      ;; before the comment start, and everything after the
+	      ;; line where the comment ends.  If comment-start-place
+	      ;; is non-nil, the comment starter is there.  Otherwise,
+	      ;; point is inside the comment.
+	      (narrow-to-region (save-excursion
+				  (if comment-start-place
+				      (goto-char comment-start-place)
+				    (search-backward "/*"))
+				  ;; Protect text before the comment
+				  ;; start by excluding it.  Add
+				  ;; spaces to bring back proper
+				  ;; indentation of that point.
+				  (let ((column (current-column)))
+				    (prog1 (point)
+				      (setq chars-to-delete column)
+				      (insert-char ?\  column))))
+				(save-excursion
+				  (if comment-start-place
+				      (goto-char (+ comment-start-place 2)))
+				  (search-forward "*/" nil 'move)
+				  (forward-line 1)
+				  (point)))
+	      (fill-paragraph arg)
+	      (save-excursion
+		;; Delete the chars we inserted to avoid clobbering
+		;; the stuff before the comment start.
+		(goto-char (point-min))
+		(if (> chars-to-delete 0)
+		    (delete-region (point) (+ (point) chars-to-delete)))
+		;; Find the comment ender (should be on last line of
+		;; buffer, given the narrowing) and don't leave it on
+		;; its own line, unless that's the style that's desired.
+		(goto-char (point-max))
+		(forward-line -1)
+		(search-forward "*/" nil 'move)
+		(beginning-of-line)
+		(if (and c-hanging-comment-ender-p
+			 (looking-at "[ \t]*\\*/"))
+		    ;(delete-indentation)))))
+		    (let ((fill-column (+ fill-column 9999)))
+		      (forward-line -1)
+		      (fill-region-as-paragraph (point) (point-max))))))
+	    t)))))
+
+;; better movement routines for ThisStyleOfVariablesCommonInCPlusPlus
+;; originally contributed by Terry_Glanfield.Southern@rxuk.xerox.com
+(defun c-forward-into-nomenclature (&optional arg)
+  "Move forward to end of a nomenclature section or word.
+With arg, to it arg times."
+  (interactive "p")
+  (let ((case-fold-search nil))
+    (if (> arg 0)
+	(re-search-forward "\\W*\\([A-Z]*[a-z0-9]*\\)" (point-max) t arg)
+      (while (and (< arg 0)
+		  (re-search-backward
+		   "\\(\\(\\W\\|[a-z0-9]\\)[A-Z]+\\|\\W\\w+\\)"
+		   (point-min) 0))
+	(forward-char 1)
+	(setq arg (1+ arg)))))
+  (c-keep-region-active))
+
+(defun c-backward-into-nomenclature (&optional arg)
+  "Move backward to beginning of a nomenclature section or word.
+With optional ARG, move that many times.  If ARG is negative, move
+forward."
+  (interactive "p")
+  (c-forward-into-nomenclature (- arg))
+  (c-keep-region-active))
+
+(defun c-scope-operator ()
+  "Insert a double colon scope operator at point.
+No indentation or other \"electric\" behavior is performed."
+  (interactive)
+  (insert "::"))
+
+
+(defun c-beginning-of-statement (&optional count lim sentence-flag)
+  "Go to the beginning of the innermost C statement.
+With prefix arg, go back N - 1 statements.  If already at the
+beginning of a statement then go to the beginning of the preceding
+one.  If within a string or comment, or next to a comment (only
+whitespace between), move by sentences instead of statements.
+
+When called from a program, this function takes 3 optional args: the
+repetition count, a buffer position limit which is the farthest back
+to search, and a flag saying whether to do sentence motion when in a
+comment."
+  (interactive (list (prefix-numeric-value current-prefix-arg)
+		     nil t))
+  (let ((here (point))
+	(count (or count 1))
+	(lim (or lim (c-point 'bod)))
+	state)
+    (save-excursion
+      (goto-char lim)
+      (setq state (parse-partial-sexp (point) here nil nil)))
+    (if (and sentence-flag
+	     (or (nth 3 state)
+		 (nth 4 state)
+		 (looking-at (concat "[ \t]*" comment-start-skip))
+		 (save-excursion
+		   (skip-chars-backward " \t")
+		   (goto-char (- (point) 2))
+		   (looking-at "\\*/"))))
+	(forward-sentence (- count))
+      (while (> count 0)
+	(c-beginning-of-statement-1 lim)
+	(setq count (1- count)))
+      (while (< count 0)
+	(c-end-of-statement-1)
+	(setq count (1+ count))))
+    ;; its possible we've been left up-buf of lim
+    (goto-char (max (point) lim))
+    )
+  (c-keep-region-active))
+
+(defun c-end-of-statement (&optional count lim sentence-flag)
+  "Go to the end of the innermost C statement.
+
+With prefix arg, go forward N - 1 statements.  Move forward to end of
+the next statement if already at end.  If within a string or comment,
+move by sentences instead of statements.
+
+When called from a program, this function takes 3 optional args: the
+repetition count, a buffer position limit which is the farthest back
+to search, and a flag saying whether to do sentence motion when in a
+comment."
+  (interactive (list (prefix-numeric-value current-prefix-arg)
+		     nil t))
+  (c-beginning-of-statement (- (or count 1)) lim sentence-flag)
+  (c-keep-region-active))
+
+(defun c-beginning-of-statement-1 (&optional lim)
+  ;; move to the start of the current statement, or the previous
+  ;; statement if already at the beginning of one.
+  (let ((firstp t)
+	(substmt-p t)
+	donep c-in-literal-cache
+	;; KLUDGE ALERT: maybe-labelp is used to pass information
+	;; between c-crosses-statement-barrier-p and
+	;; c-beginning-of-statement-1.  A better way should be
+	;; implemented.
+	maybe-labelp
+	(last-begin (point)))
+    (while (not donep)
+      ;; stop at beginning of buffer
+      (if (bobp) (setq donep t)
+	;; go backwards one balanced expression, but be careful of
+	;; unbalanced paren being reached
+	(if (not (c-safe (progn (backward-sexp 1) t)))
+	    (progn
+	      (if firstp
+		  (backward-up-list 1)
+		(goto-char last-begin))
+	      ;; skip over any unary operators, or other special
+	      ;; characters appearing at front of identifier
+	      (save-excursion
+		(c-backward-syntactic-ws lim)
+		(skip-chars-backward "-+!*&:.~ \t\n")
+		(if (= (preceding-char) ?\()
+		    (setq last-begin (point))))
+	      (goto-char last-begin)
+	      (setq last-begin (point)
+		    donep t)))
+
+	(setq maybe-labelp nil)
+	;; see if we're in a literal. if not, then this bufpos may be
+	;; a candidate for stopping
+	(cond
+	 ;; CASE 0: did we hit the error condition above?
+	 (donep)
+	 ;; CASE 1: are we in a literal?
+	 ((eq (c-in-literal lim) 'pound)
+	  (beginning-of-line))
+	 ;; CASE 2: some other kind of literal?
+	 ((c-in-literal lim))
+	 ;; CASE 3: are we looking at a conditional keyword?
+	 ((or (looking-at c-conditional-key)
+	      (and (= (following-char) ?\()
+		   (save-excursion
+		     (forward-sexp 1)
+		     (c-forward-syntactic-ws)
+		     (/= (following-char) ?\;))
+		   (let ((here (point))
+			 (foundp (progn
+				   (c-backward-syntactic-ws lim)
+				   (forward-word -1)
+				   (and lim
+					(<= lim (point))
+					(not (c-in-literal lim))
+					(looking-at c-conditional-key)
+					))))
+		     ;; did we find a conditional?
+		     (if (not foundp)
+			 (goto-char here))
+		     foundp)))
+	  ;; are we in the middle of an else-if clause?
+	  (if (save-excursion
+		(and (not substmt-p)
+		     (c-safe (progn (forward-sexp -1) t))
+		     (looking-at "\\<else\\>[ \t\n]+\\<if\\>")
+		     (not (c-in-literal lim))))
+	      (progn
+		(forward-sexp -1)
+		(c-backward-to-start-of-if lim)))
+	  ;; are we sitting at an else clause, that we are not a
+	  ;; substatement of?
+	  (if (and (not substmt-p)
+		   (looking-at "\\<else\\>[^_]"))
+	      (c-backward-to-start-of-if lim))
+	  ;; are we sitting at the while of a do-while?
+	  (if (and (looking-at "\\<while\\>[^_]")
+		   (c-backward-to-start-of-do lim))
+	      (setq substmt-p nil))
+	  (setq last-begin (point)
+		donep substmt-p))
+	 ;; CASE 4: are we looking at a label?
+	 ((looking-at c-label-key))
+	 ;; CASE 5: is this the first time we're checking?
+	 (firstp (setq firstp nil
+		       substmt-p (not (c-crosses-statement-barrier-p
+				       (point) last-begin))
+		       last-begin (point)))
+	 ;; CASE 6: have we crossed a statement barrier?
+	 ((c-crosses-statement-barrier-p (point) last-begin)
+	  (setq donep t))
+	 ;; CASE 7: ignore labels
+	 ((and maybe-labelp
+	       (or (and c-access-key (looking-at c-access-key))
+		   ;; with switch labels, we have to go back further
+		   ;; to try to pick up the case or default
+		   ;; keyword. Potential bogosity alert: we assume
+		   ;; `case' or `default' is first thing on line
+		   (let ((here (point)))
+		     (beginning-of-line)
+		     (c-forward-syntactic-ws)
+		     (if (looking-at c-switch-label-key)
+			 t
+		       (goto-char here)
+		       nil))
+		   (looking-at c-label-key))))
+	 ;; CASE 8: ObjC or Java method def
+	 ((and c-method-key
+	       (setq last-begin (c-in-method-def-p)))
+	  (setq donep t))
+	 ;; CASE 9: nothing special
+	 (t (setq last-begin (point)))
+	 )))
+    (goto-char last-begin)
+    ;; we always do want to skip over non-whitespace modifier
+    ;; characters that didn't get skipped above
+    (skip-chars-backward "-+!*&:.~" (c-point 'boi))))
+
+(defun c-end-of-statement-1 ()
+  (condition-case ()
+      (progn
+	(while (and (not (eobp))
+		    (let ((beg (point)))
+		      (forward-sexp 1)
+		      (let ((end (point)))
+			(save-excursion
+			  (goto-char beg)
+			  (not (re-search-forward "[;{}]" end t)))))))
+	(re-search-backward "[;}]")
+	(forward-char 1))
+    (error 
+     (let ((beg (point)))
+       (backward-up-list -1)
+       (let ((end (point)))
+	 (goto-char beg)
+	 (search-forward ";" end 'move))))))
+
+(defun c-crosses-statement-barrier-p (from to)
+  ;; Does buffer positions FROM to TO cross a C statement boundary?
+  (let ((here (point))
+	(lim from)
+	crossedp)
+    (condition-case ()
+	(progn
+	  (goto-char from)
+	  (while (and (not crossedp)
+		      (< (point) to))
+	    (skip-chars-forward "^;{}:" to)
+	    (if (not (c-in-literal lim))
+		(progn
+		  (if (memq (following-char) '(?\; ?{ ?}))
+		      (setq crossedp t)
+		    (if (= (following-char) ?:)
+			(setq maybe-labelp t))
+		    (forward-char 1))
+		  (setq lim (point)))
+	      (forward-char 1))))
+      (error (setq crossedp nil)))
+    (goto-char here)
+    crossedp))
+
+
+(defun c-up-conditional (count)
+  "Move back to the containing preprocessor conditional, leaving mark behind.
+A prefix argument acts as a repeat count.  With a negative argument,
+move forward to the end of the containing preprocessor conditional.
+When going backwards, `#elif' is treated like `#else' followed by
+`#if'.  When going forwards, `#elif' is ignored."
+  (interactive "p")
+  (c-forward-conditional (- count) t)
+  (c-keep-region-active))
+
+(defun c-backward-conditional (count &optional up-flag)
+  "Move back across a preprocessor conditional, leaving mark behind.
+A prefix argument acts as a repeat count.  With a negative argument,
+move forward across a preprocessor conditional."
+  (interactive "p")
+  (c-forward-conditional (- count) up-flag)
+  (c-keep-region-active))
+
+(defun c-forward-conditional (count &optional up-flag)
+  "Move forward across a preprocessor conditional, leaving mark behind.
+A prefix argument acts as a repeat count.  With a negative argument,
+move backward across a preprocessor conditional."
+  (interactive "p")
+  (let* ((forward (> count 0))
+	 (increment (if forward -1 1))
+	 (search-function (if forward 're-search-forward 're-search-backward))
+	 (new))
+    (save-excursion
+      (while (/= count 0)
+	(let ((depth (if up-flag 0 -1)) found)
+	  (save-excursion
+	    ;; Find the "next" significant line in the proper direction.
+	    (while (and (not found)
+			;; Rather than searching for a # sign that
+			;; comes at the beginning of a line aside from
+			;; whitespace, search first for a string
+			;; starting with # sign.  Then verify what
+			;; precedes it.  This is faster on account of
+			;; the fastmap feature of the regexp matcher.
+			(funcall search-function
+				 "#[ \t]*\\(if\\|elif\\|endif\\)"
+				 nil t))
+	      (beginning-of-line)
+	      ;; Now verify it is really a preproc line.
+	      (if (looking-at "^[ \t]*#[ \t]*\\(if\\|elif\\|endif\\)")
+		  (let ((prev depth))
+		    ;; Update depth according to what we found.
+		    (beginning-of-line)
+		    (cond ((looking-at "[ \t]*#[ \t]*endif")
+			   (setq depth (+ depth increment)))
+			  ((looking-at "[ \t]*#[ \t]*elif")
+			   (if (and forward (= depth 0))
+			       (setq found (point))))
+			  (t (setq depth (- depth increment))))
+		    ;; If we are trying to move across, and we find an
+		    ;; end before we find a beginning, get an error.
+		    (if (and (< prev 0) (< depth prev))
+			(error (if forward
+				   "No following conditional at this level"
+				 "No previous conditional at this level")))
+		    ;; When searching forward, start from next line so
+		    ;; that we don't find the same line again.
+		    (if forward (forward-line 1))
+		    ;; If this line exits a level of conditional, exit
+		    ;; inner loop.
+		    (if (< depth 0)
+			(setq found (point))))
+		;; else
+		(if forward (forward-line 1))
+		)))
+	  (or found
+	      (error "No containing preprocessor conditional"))
+	  (goto-char (setq new found)))
+	(setq count (+ count increment))))
+    (push-mark)
+    (goto-char new))
+  (c-keep-region-active))
+
+
+;; commands to indent lines, regions, defuns, and expressions
+(defun c-indent-command (&optional whole-exp)
+  "Indent current line as C++ code, or in some cases insert a tab character.
+
+If `c-tab-always-indent' is t, always just indent the current line.
+If nil, indent the current line only if point is at the left margin or
+in the line's indentation; otherwise insert a tab.  If other than nil
+or t, then tab is inserted only within literals (comments and strings)
+and inside preprocessor directives, but line is always reindented.
+
+A numeric argument, regardless of its value, means indent rigidly all
+the lines of the expression starting after point so that this line
+becomes properly indented.  The relative indentation among the lines
+of the expression are preserved."
+  (interactive "P")
+  (let ((bod (c-point 'bod)))
+    (if whole-exp
+	;; If arg, always indent this line as C
+	;; and shift remaining lines of expression the same amount.
+	(let ((shift-amt (c-indent-line))
+	      beg end)
+	  (save-excursion
+	    (if (eq c-tab-always-indent t)
+		(beginning-of-line))
+	    (setq beg (point))
+	    (forward-sexp 1)
+	    (setq end (point))
+	    (goto-char beg)
+	    (forward-line 1)
+	    (setq beg (point)))
+	  (if (> end beg)
+	      (indent-code-rigidly beg end (- shift-amt) "#")))
+      ;; No arg supplied, use c-tab-always-indent to determine
+      ;; behavior
+      (cond
+       ;; CASE 1: indent when at column zero or in lines indentation,
+       ;; otherwise insert a tab
+       ((not c-tab-always-indent)
+	(if (save-excursion
+	      (skip-chars-backward " \t")
+	      (not (bolp)))
+	    (insert-tab)
+	  (c-indent-line)))
+       ;; CASE 2: just indent the line
+       ((eq c-tab-always-indent t)
+	(c-indent-line))
+       ;; CASE 3: if in a literal, insert a tab, but always indent the
+       ;; line
+       (t
+	(if (c-in-literal bod)
+	    (insert-tab))
+	(c-indent-line)
+	)))))
+
+(defun c-indent-exp (&optional shutup-p)
+  "Indent each line in balanced expression following point.
+Optional SHUTUP-P if non-nil, inhibits message printing and error checking."
+  (interactive "P")
+  (let ((here (point))
+	end progress-p)
+    (unwind-protect
+	(let ((c-echo-syntactic-information-p nil) ;keep quiet for speed
+	      (start (progn
+		       ;; try to be smarter about finding the range of
+		       ;; lines to indent. skip all following
+		       ;; whitespace. failing that, try to find any
+		       ;; opening brace on the current line
+		       (skip-chars-forward " \t\n")
+		       (if (memq (following-char) '(?\( ?\[ ?\{))
+			   (point)
+			 (let ((state (parse-partial-sexp (point)
+							  (c-point 'eol))))
+			   (and (nth 1 state)
+				(goto-char (nth 1 state))
+				(memq (following-char) '(?\( ?\[ ?\{))
+				(point)))))))
+	  ;; find balanced expression end
+	  (setq end (and (c-safe (progn (forward-sexp 1) t))
+			 (point-marker)))
+	  ;; sanity check
+	  (and (not start)
+	       (not shutup-p)
+	       (error "Cannot find start of balanced expression to indent."))
+	  (and (not end)
+	       (not shutup-p)
+	       (error "Cannot find end of balanced expression to indent."))
+	  (c-progress-init start end 'c-indent-exp)
+	  (setq progress-p t)
+	  (goto-char start)
+	  (beginning-of-line)
+	  (while (< (point) end)
+	    (if (not (looking-at "[ \t]*$"))
+		(c-indent-line))
+	    (c-progress-update)
+	    (forward-line 1)))
+      ;; make sure marker is deleted
+      (and end
+	   (set-marker end nil))
+      (and progress-p
+	   (c-progress-fini 'c-indent-exp))
+      (goto-char here))))
+
+(defun c-indent-defun ()
+  "Re-indents the current top-level function def, struct or class declaration."
+  (interactive)
+  (let ((here (point-marker))
+	(c-echo-syntactic-information-p nil)
+	(brace (c-least-enclosing-brace (c-parse-state))))
+    (if brace
+	(goto-char brace)
+      (beginning-of-defun))
+    ;; if we're sitting at b-o-b, it might be because there was no
+    ;; least enclosing brace and we were sitting on the defun's open
+    ;; brace.
+    (if (and (bobp) (not (= (following-char) ?\{)))
+	(goto-char here))
+    ;; if defun-prompt-regexp is non-nil, b-o-d might not leave us at
+    ;; the open brace. I consider this an Emacs bug.
+    (and (boundp 'defun-prompt-regexp)
+	 defun-prompt-regexp
+	 (looking-at defun-prompt-regexp)
+	 (goto-char (match-end 0)))
+    ;; catch all errors in c-indent-exp so we can 1. give more
+    ;; meaningful error message, and 2. restore point
+    (unwind-protect
+	(c-indent-exp)
+      (goto-char here)
+      (set-marker here nil))))
+
+(defun c-indent-region (start end)
+  ;; Indent every line whose first char is between START and END inclusive.
+  (save-excursion
+    (goto-char start)
+    ;; Advance to first nonblank line.
+    (skip-chars-forward " \t\n")
+    (beginning-of-line)
+    (let (endmark)
+      (unwind-protect
+	  (let ((c-tab-always-indent t)
+		;; shut up any echo msgs on indiv lines
+		(c-echo-syntactic-information-p nil))
+	    (c-progress-init start end 'c-indent-region)
+	    (setq endmark (copy-marker end))
+	    (while (and (bolp)
+			(not (eobp))
+			(< (point) endmark))
+	      ;; update progress
+	      (c-progress-update)
+	      ;; Indent one line as with TAB.
+	      (let (nextline sexpend sexpbeg)
+		;; skip blank lines
+		(skip-chars-forward " \t\n")
+		(beginning-of-line)
+		;; indent the current line
+		(c-indent-line)
+		(if (save-excursion
+		      (beginning-of-line)
+		      (looking-at "[ \t]*#"))
+		    (forward-line 1)
+		  (save-excursion
+		    ;; Find beginning of following line.
+		    (setq nextline (c-point 'bonl))
+		    ;; Find first beginning-of-sexp for sexp extending past
+		    ;; this line.
+		    (beginning-of-line)
+		    (while (< (point) nextline)
+		      (condition-case nil
+			  (progn
+			    (forward-sexp 1)
+			    (setq sexpend (point)))
+			(error (setq sexpend nil)
+			       (goto-char nextline)))
+		      (c-forward-syntactic-ws))
+		    (if sexpend
+			(progn 
+			  ;; make sure the sexp we found really starts on the
+			  ;; current line and extends past it
+			  (goto-char sexpend)
+			  (setq sexpend (point-marker))
+			  (c-safe (backward-sexp 1))
+			  (setq sexpbeg (point)))))
+		  ;; check to see if the next line starts a
+		  ;; comment-only line
+		  (save-excursion
+		    (forward-line 1)
+		    (skip-chars-forward " \t")
+		    (if (looking-at c-comment-start-regexp)
+			(setq sexpbeg (c-point 'bol))))
+		  ;; If that sexp ends within the region, indent it all at
+		  ;; once, fast.
+		  (condition-case nil
+		      (if (and sexpend
+			       (> sexpend nextline)
+			       (<= sexpend endmark))
+			  (progn
+			    (goto-char sexpbeg)
+			    (c-indent-exp 'shutup)
+			    (c-progress-update)
+			    (goto-char sexpend)))
+		    (error
+		     (goto-char sexpbeg)
+		     (c-indent-line)))
+		  ;; Move to following line and try again.
+		  (and sexpend
+		       (markerp sexpend)
+		       (set-marker sexpend nil))
+		  (forward-line 1)))))
+	(set-marker endmark nil)
+	(c-progress-fini 'c-indent-region)
+	))))
+
+(defun c-mark-function ()
+  "Put mark at end of a C, C++, or Objective-C defun, point at beginning."
+  (interactive)
+  (let ((here (point))
+	;; there should be a c-point position for 'eod
+	(eod  (save-excursion (end-of-defun) (point)))
+	(state (c-parse-state))
+	brace)
+    (while state
+      (setq brace (car state))
+      (if (consp brace)
+	  (goto-char (cdr brace))
+	(goto-char brace))
+      (setq state (cdr state)))
+    (if (= (following-char) ?{)
+	(progn
+	  (forward-line -1)
+	  (while (not (or (bobp)
+			  (looking-at "[ \t]*$")))
+	    (forward-line -1)))
+      (forward-line 1)
+      (skip-chars-forward " \t\n"))
+    (push-mark here)
+    (push-mark eod nil t)))
+
+
+;; for progress reporting
+(defvar c-progress-info nil)
+
+(defun c-progress-init (start end context)
+  ;; start the progress update messages.  if this emacs doesn't have a
+  ;; built-in timer, just be dumb about it
+  (if (not (fboundp 'current-time))
+      (message "indenting region... (this may take a while)")
+    ;; if progress has already been initialized, do nothing. otherwise
+    ;; initialize the counter with a vector of:
+    ;; [start end lastsec context]
+    (if c-progress-info
+	()
+      (setq c-progress-info (vector start
+				    (save-excursion
+				      (goto-char end)
+				      (point-marker))
+				    (nth 1 (current-time))
+				    context))
+      (message "indenting region..."))))
+
+(defun c-progress-update ()
+  ;; update progress
+  (if (not (and c-progress-info c-progress-interval))
+      nil
+    (let ((now (nth 1 (current-time)))
+	  (start (aref c-progress-info 0))
+	  (end (aref c-progress-info 1))
+	  (lastsecs (aref c-progress-info 2)))
+      ;; should we update?  currently, update happens every 2 seconds,
+      ;; what's the right value?
+      (if (< c-progress-interval (- now lastsecs))
+	  (progn
+	    (message "indenting region... (%d%% complete)"
+		     (/ (* 100 (- (point) start)) (- end start)))
+	    (aset c-progress-info 2 now)))
+      )))
+
+(defun c-progress-fini (context)
+  ;; finished
+  (if (or (eq context (aref c-progress-info 3))
+	  (eq context t))
+      (progn
+	(set-marker (aref c-progress-info 1) nil)
+	(setq c-progress-info nil)
+	(message "indenting region...done"))))
+
+
+;; Skipping of "syntactic whitespace" for Emacs 19.  Syntactic
+;; whitespace is defined as lexical whitespace, C and C++ style
+;; comments, and preprocessor directives.  Search no farther back or
+;; forward than optional LIM.  If LIM is omitted, `beginning-of-defun'
+;; is used for backward skipping, point-max is used for forward
+;; skipping.  Note that Emacs 18 support has been moved to cc-mode-18.el.
+
+(defun c-forward-syntactic-ws (&optional lim)
+  ;; Forward skip of syntactic whitespace for Emacs 19.
+  (save-restriction
+    (let* ((lim (or lim (point-max)))
+	   (here lim)
+	   (hugenum (point-max)))
+      (narrow-to-region lim (point))
+      (while (/= here (point))
+	(setq here (point))
+	(forward-comment hugenum)
+	;; skip preprocessor directives
+	(if (and (= (following-char) ?#)
+		 (= (c-point 'boi) (point)))
+	    (end-of-line)
+	  )))))
+
+(defun c-backward-syntactic-ws (&optional lim)
+  ;; Backward skip over syntactic whitespace for Emacs 19.
+  (save-restriction
+    (let* ((lim (or lim (c-point 'bod)))
+	   (here lim)
+	   (hugenum (- (point-max))))
+      (if (< lim (point))
+	  (progn
+	    (narrow-to-region lim (point))
+	    (while (/= here (point))
+	      (setq here (point))
+	      (forward-comment hugenum)
+	      (if (eq (c-in-literal lim) 'pound)
+		  (beginning-of-line))
+	      )))
+      )))
+
+
+;; Return `c' if in a C-style comment, `c++' if in a C++ style
+;; comment, `string' if in a string literal, `pound' if on a
+;; preprocessor line, or nil if not in a comment at all.  Optional LIM
+;; is used as the backward limit of the search.  If omitted, or nil,
+;; `beginning-of-defun' is used."
+
+;; This is for all v19 Emacsen supporting either 1-bit or 8-bit syntax
+(defun c-in-literal (&optional lim)
+  ;; Determine if point is in a C++ literal. we cache the last point
+  ;; calculated if the cache is enabled
+  (if (and (boundp 'c-in-literal-cache)
+	   c-in-literal-cache
+	   (= (point) (aref c-in-literal-cache 0)))
+      (aref c-in-literal-cache 1)
+    (let ((rtn (save-excursion
+		 (let* ((lim (or lim (c-point 'bod)))
+			(here (point))
+			(state (parse-partial-sexp lim (point))))
+		   (cond
+		    ((nth 3 state) 'string)
+		    ((nth 4 state) (if (nth 7 state) 'c++ 'c))
+		    ((progn
+		       (goto-char here)
+		       (beginning-of-line)
+		       (looking-at "[ \t]*#"))
+		     'pound)
+		    (t nil))))))
+      ;; cache this result if the cache is enabled
+      (and (boundp 'c-in-literal-cache)
+	   (setq c-in-literal-cache (vector (point) rtn)))
+      rtn)))
+
+
+;; utilities for moving and querying around syntactic elements
+(defun c-parse-state ()
+  ;; Finds and records all open parens between some important point
+  ;; earlier in the file and point.
+  ;;
+  ;; if there's a state cache, return it
+  (if (boundp 'c-state-cache) c-state-cache
+    (let* (at-bob
+	   (pos (save-excursion
+		  ;; go back 2 bods, but ignore any bogus positions
+		  ;; returned by beginning-of-defun (i.e. open paren
+		  ;; in column zero)
+		  (let ((cnt 2))
+		    (while (not (or at-bob (zerop cnt)))
+		      (beginning-of-defun)
+		      (if (= (following-char) ?\{)
+			  (setq cnt (1- cnt)))
+		      (if (bobp)
+			  (setq at-bob t))))
+		  (point)))
+	   (here (save-excursion
+		   ;;(skip-chars-forward " \t}")
+		   (point)))
+	   (last-bod pos) (last-pos pos)
+	   placeholder state sexp-end)
+      ;; cache last bod position
+      (while (catch 'backup-bod
+	       (setq state nil)
+	       (while (and pos (< pos here))
+		 (setq last-pos pos)
+		 (if (and (setq pos (c-safe (scan-lists pos 1 -1)))
+			  (<= pos here))
+		     (progn
+		       (setq sexp-end (c-safe (scan-sexps (1- pos) 1)))
+		       (if (and sexp-end
+				(<= sexp-end here))
+			   ;; we want to record both the start and end
+			   ;; of this sexp, but we only want to record
+			   ;; the last-most of any of them before here
+			   (progn
+			     (if (= (char-after (1- pos)) ?\{)
+				 (setq state (cons (cons (1- pos) sexp-end)
+						   (if (consp (car state))
+						       (cdr state)
+						     state))))
+			     (setq pos sexp-end))
+			 ;; we're contained in this sexp so put pos on
+			 ;; front of list
+			 (setq state (cons (1- pos) state))))
+		   ;; something bad happened. check to see if we
+		   ;; crossed an unbalanced close brace. if so, we
+		   ;; didn't really find the right `important bufpos'
+		   ;; so lets back up and try again
+		   (if (and (not pos) (not at-bob)
+			    (setq placeholder
+				  (c-safe (scan-lists last-pos 1 1)))
+			    ;;(char-after (1- placeholder))
+			    (<= placeholder here)
+			    (= (char-after (1- placeholder)) ?\}))
+		       (while t
+			 (setq last-bod (c-safe (scan-lists last-bod -1 1)))
+			 (if (not last-bod)
+			     (error "unbalanced close brace at position %d"
+				    (1- placeholder))
+			   (setq at-bob (= last-bod (point-min))
+				 pos last-bod)
+			   (if (= (char-after last-bod) ?\{)
+			       (throw 'backup-bod t)))
+			 ))		;end-if
+		   ))			;end-while
+	       nil))
+      state)))
+
+(defun c-whack-state (bufpos state)
+  ;; whack off any state information that appears on STATE which lies
+  ;; after the bounds of BUFPOS.
+  (let (newstate car)
+    (while state
+      (setq car (car state)
+	    state (cdr state))
+      (if (consp car)
+	  ;; just check the car, because in a balanced brace
+	  ;; expression, it must be impossible for the corresponding
+	  ;; close brace to be before point, but the open brace to be
+	  ;; after.
+	  (if (<= bufpos (car car))
+	      nil			; whack it off
+	    ;; its possible that the open brace is before bufpos, but
+	    ;; the close brace is after.  In that case, convert this
+	    ;; to a non-cons element.
+	    (if (<= bufpos (cdr car))
+		(setq newstate (append newstate (list (car car))))
+	      ;; we know that both the open and close braces are
+	      ;; before bufpos, so we also know that everything else
+	      ;; on state is before bufpos, so we can glom up the
+	      ;; whole thing and exit.
+	      (setq newstate (append newstate (list car) state)
+		    state nil)))
+	(if (<= bufpos car)
+	    nil				; whack it off
+	  ;; it's before bufpos, so everything else should too
+	  (setq newstate (append newstate (list car) state)
+		state nil))))
+    newstate))
+
+(defun c-hack-state (bufpos which state)
+  ;; Using BUFPOS buffer position, and WHICH (must be 'open or
+  ;; 'close), hack the c-parse-state STATE and return the results.
+  (if (eq which 'open)
+      (let ((car (car state)))
+	(if (or (null car)
+		(consp car)
+		(/= bufpos car))
+	    (cons bufpos state)
+	  state))
+    (if (not (eq which 'close))
+	(error "c-hack-state, bad argument: %s" which))
+    ;; 'close brace
+    (let ((car (car state))
+	  (cdr (cdr state)))
+      (if (consp car)
+	  (setq car (car cdr)
+		cdr (cdr cdr)))
+      ;; TBD: is this test relevant???
+      (if (consp car)
+	  state				;on error, don't change
+	;; watch out for balanced expr already on cdr of list
+	(cons (cons car bufpos)
+	      (if (consp (car cdr))
+		  (cdr cdr) cdr))
+	))))
+
+(defun c-adjust-state (from to shift state)
+  ;; Adjust all points in state that lie in the region FROM..TO by
+  ;; SHIFT amount (as would be returned by c-indent-line).
+  (mapcar
+   (function
+    (lambda (e)
+      (if (consp e)
+	  (let ((car (car e))
+		(cdr (cdr e)))
+	    (if (and (<= from car) (< car to))
+		(setcar e (+ shift car)))
+	    (if (and (<= from cdr) (< cdr to))
+		(setcdr e (+ shift cdr))))
+	(if (and (<= from e) (< e to))
+	    (setq e (+ shift e))))
+      e))
+   state))
+
+
+(defun c-beginning-of-inheritance-list (&optional lim)
+  ;; Go to the first non-whitespace after the colon that starts a
+  ;; multiple inheritance introduction.  Optional LIM is the farthest
+  ;; back we should search.
+  (let ((lim (or lim (c-point 'bod)))
+	(placeholder (progn
+		       (back-to-indentation)
+		       (point))))
+    (c-backward-syntactic-ws lim)
+    (while (and (> (point) lim)
+		(memq (preceding-char) '(?, ?:))
+		(progn
+		  (beginning-of-line)
+		  (setq placeholder (point))
+		  (skip-chars-forward " \t")
+		  (not (looking-at c-class-key))
+		  ))
+      (c-backward-syntactic-ws lim))
+    (goto-char placeholder)
+    (skip-chars-forward "^:" (c-point 'eol))))
+
+(defun c-beginning-of-macro (&optional lim)
+  ;; Go to the beginning of the macro. Right now we don't support
+  ;; multi-line macros too well
+  (back-to-indentation))
+
+(defun c-in-method-def-p ()
+  ;; Return nil if we aren't in a method definition, otherwise the
+  ;; position of the initial [+-].
+  (save-excursion
+    (beginning-of-line)
+    (and c-method-key
+	 (looking-at c-method-key)
+	 (point))
+    ))
+
+(defun c-just-after-func-arglist-p (&optional containing)
+  ;; Return t if we are between a function's argument list closing
+  ;; paren and its opening brace.  Note that the list close brace
+  ;; could be followed by a "const" specifier or a member init hanging
+  ;; colon.  Optional CONTAINING is position of containing s-exp open
+  ;; brace.  If not supplied, point is used as search start.
+  (save-excursion
+    (c-backward-syntactic-ws)
+    (let ((checkpoint (or containing (point))))
+      (goto-char checkpoint)
+      ;; could be looking at const specifier
+      (if (and (= (preceding-char) ?t)
+	       (forward-word -1)
+	       (looking-at "\\<const\\>"))
+	  (c-backward-syntactic-ws)
+	;; otherwise, we could be looking at a hanging member init
+	;; colon
+	(goto-char checkpoint)
+	(if (and (= (preceding-char) ?:)
+		 (progn
+		   (forward-char -1)
+		   (c-backward-syntactic-ws)
+		   (looking-at "[ \t\n]*:\\([^:]+\\|$\\)")))
+	    nil
+	  (goto-char checkpoint))
+	)
+      (and (= (preceding-char) ?\))
+	   ;; check if we are looking at a method def
+	   (or (not c-method-key)
+	       (progn
+		 (forward-sexp -1)
+		 (forward-char -1)
+		 (c-backward-syntactic-ws)
+		 (not (or (= (preceding-char) ?-)
+			  (= (preceding-char) ?+)
+			  ;; or a class category
+			  (progn
+			    (forward-sexp -2)
+			    (looking-at c-class-key))
+			  )))))
+      )))
+
+;; defuns to look backwards for things
+(defun c-backward-to-start-of-do (&optional lim)
+  ;; Move to the start of the last "unbalanced" do expression.
+  ;; Optional LIM is the farthest back to search.  If none is found,
+  ;; nil is returned and point is left unchanged, otherwise t is returned.
+  (let ((do-level 1)
+	(case-fold-search nil)
+	(lim (or lim (c-point 'bod)))
+	(here (point))
+	foundp)
+    (while (not (zerop do-level))
+      ;; we protect this call because trying to execute this when the
+      ;; while is not associated with a do will throw an error
+      (condition-case nil
+	  (progn
+	    (backward-sexp 1)
+	    (cond
+	     ((memq (c-in-literal lim) '(c c++)))
+	     ((looking-at "while\\b[^_]")
+	      (setq do-level (1+ do-level)))
+	     ((looking-at "do\\b[^_]")
+	      (if (zerop (setq do-level (1- do-level)))
+		  (setq foundp t)))
+	     ((<= (point) lim)
+	      (setq do-level 0)
+	      (goto-char lim))))
+	(error
+	 (goto-char lim)
+	 (setq do-level 0))))
+    (if (not foundp)
+	(goto-char here))
+    foundp))
+
+(defun c-backward-to-start-of-if (&optional lim)
+  ;; Move to the start of the last "unbalanced" if and return t.  If
+  ;; none is found, and we are looking at an if clause, nil is
+  ;; returned.  If none is found and we are looking at an else clause,
+  ;; an error is thrown.
+  (let ((if-level 1)
+	(here (c-point 'bol))
+	(case-fold-search nil)
+	(lim (or lim (c-point 'bod)))
+	(at-if (looking-at "if\\b[^_]")))
+    (catch 'orphan-if
+      (while (and (not (bobp))
+		  (not (zerop if-level)))
+	(c-backward-syntactic-ws)
+	(condition-case nil
+	    (backward-sexp 1)
+	  (error
+	   (if at-if
+	       (throw 'orphan-if nil)
+	     (error "No matching `if' found for `else' on line %d."
+		    (1+ (count-lines 1 here))))))
+	(cond
+	 ((looking-at "else\\b[^_]")
+	  (setq if-level (1+ if-level)))
+	 ((looking-at "if\\b[^_]")
+	  ;; check for else if... skip over
+	  (let ((here (point)))
+	    (c-safe (forward-sexp -1))
+	    (if (looking-at "\\<else\\>[ \t]+\\<if\\>")
+		nil
+	      (setq if-level (1- if-level))
+	      (goto-char here))))
+	 ((< (point) lim)
+	  (setq if-level 0)
+	  (goto-char lim))
+	 ))
+      t)))
+
+(defun c-skip-conditional ()
+  ;; skip forward over conditional at point, including any predicate
+  ;; statements in parentheses. No error checking is performed.
+  (forward-sexp
+   ;; else if()
+   (if (looking-at "\\<else\\>[ \t]+\\<if\\>")
+       3
+     ;; do and else aren't followed by parens
+     (if (looking-at "\\<\\(do\\|else\\)\\>")
+	 1 2))))
+
+(defun c-skip-case-statement-forward (state &optional lim)
+  ;; skip forward over case/default bodies, with optional maximal
+  ;; limit. if no next case body is found, nil is returned and point
+  ;; is not moved
+  (let ((lim (or lim (point-max)))
+	(here (point))
+	donep foundp bufpos
+	(safepos (point))
+	(balanced (car state)))
+    ;; search until we've passed the limit, or we've found our match
+    (while (and (< (point) lim)
+		(not donep))
+      (setq safepos (point))
+      ;; see if we can find a case statement, not in a literal
+      (if (and (re-search-forward c-switch-label-key lim 'move)
+	       (setq bufpos (match-beginning 0))
+	       (not (c-in-literal safepos))
+	       (/= bufpos here))
+	  ;; if we crossed into a balanced sexp, we know the case is
+	  ;; not part of our switch statement, so just bound over the
+	  ;; sexp and keep looking.
+	  (if (and (consp balanced)
+		   (> bufpos (car balanced))
+		   (< bufpos (cdr balanced)))
+	      (goto-char (cdr balanced))
+	    (goto-char bufpos)
+	    (setq donep t
+		  foundp t))))
+    (if (not foundp)
+	(goto-char here))
+    foundp))
+
+(defun c-search-uplist-for-classkey (brace-state)
+  ;; search for the containing class, returning a 2 element vector if
+  ;; found. aref 0 contains the bufpos of the class key, and aref 1
+  ;; contains the bufpos of the open brace.
+  (if (null brace-state)
+      ;; no brace-state means we cannot be inside a class
+      nil
+    (let ((carcache (car brace-state))
+	  search-start search-end)
+      (if (consp carcache)
+	  ;; a cons cell in the first element means that there is some
+	  ;; balanced sexp before the current bufpos. this we can
+	  ;; ignore. the nth 1 and nth 2 elements define for us the
+	  ;; search boundaries
+	  (setq search-start (nth 2 brace-state)
+		search-end (nth 1 brace-state))
+	;; if the car was not a cons cell then nth 0 and nth 1 define
+	;; for us the search boundaries
+	(setq search-start (nth 1 brace-state)
+	      search-end (nth 0 brace-state)))
+      ;; search-end cannot be a cons cell
+      (and (consp search-end)
+	   (error "consp search-end: %s" search-end))
+      ;; if search-end is nil, or if the search-end character isn't an
+      ;; open brace, we are definitely not in a class
+      (if (or (not search-end)
+	      (< search-end (point-min))
+	      (/= (char-after search-end) ?{))
+	  nil
+	;; now, we need to look more closely at search-start.  if
+	;; search-start is nil, then our start boundary is really
+	;; point-min.
+	(if (not search-start)
+	    (setq search-start (point-min))
+	  ;; if search-start is a cons cell, then we can start
+	  ;; searching from the end of the balanced sexp just ahead of
+	  ;; us
+	  (if (consp search-start)
+	      (setq search-start (cdr search-start))))
+	;; now we can do a quick regexp search from search-start to
+	;; search-end and see if we can find a class key.  watch for
+	;; class like strings in literals
+	(save-excursion
+	  (save-restriction
+	    (goto-char search-start)
+	    (let (foundp class match-end)
+	      (while (and (not foundp)
+			  (progn
+			    (c-forward-syntactic-ws)
+			    (> search-end (point)))
+			  (re-search-forward c-class-key search-end t))
+		(setq class (match-beginning 0)
+		      match-end (match-end 0))
+		(if (c-in-literal search-start)
+		    nil			; its in a comment or string, ignore
+		  (goto-char class)
+		  (skip-chars-forward " \t\n")
+		  (setq foundp (vector (c-point 'boi) search-end))
+		  (cond
+		   ;; check for embedded keywords
+		   ((let ((char (char-after (1- class))))
+		      (and char
+			   (memq (char-syntax char) '(?w ?_))))
+		    (goto-char match-end)
+		    (setq foundp nil))
+		   ;; make sure we're really looking at the start of a
+		   ;; class definition, and not a forward decl, return
+		   ;; arg, template arg list, or an ObjC or Java method.
+		   ((and c-method-key
+			 (re-search-forward c-method-key search-end t))
+		    (setq foundp nil))
+		   ;; Its impossible to define a regexp for this, and
+		   ;; nearly so to do it programmatically.
+		   ;;
+		   ;; ; picks up forward decls
+		   ;; = picks up init lists
+		   ;; ) picks up return types
+		   ;; > picks up templates, but remember that we can
+		   ;;   inherit from templates!
+		   ((let ((skipchars "^;=)"))
+		      ;; try to see if we found the `class' keyword
+		      ;; inside a template arg list
+		      (save-excursion
+			(skip-chars-backward "^<>" search-start)
+			(if (= (preceding-char) ?<)
+			    (setq skipchars (concat skipchars ">"))))
+		      (skip-chars-forward skipchars search-end)
+		      (/= (point) search-end))
+		    (setq foundp nil))
+		   )))
+	      foundp))
+	  )))))
+
+(defun c-inside-bracelist-p (containing-sexp brace-state)
+  ;; return the buffer position of the beginning of the brace list
+  ;; statement if we're inside a brace list, otherwise return nil.
+  ;; CONTAINING-SEXP is the buffer pos of the innermost containing
+  ;; paren. BRACE-STATE is the remainder of the state of enclosing braces
+  ;;
+  ;; N.B.: This algorithm can potentially get confused by cpp macros
+  ;; places in inconvenient locations.  Its a trade-off we make for
+  ;; speed.
+  (or
+   ;; this will pick up enum lists
+   (condition-case ()
+       (save-excursion
+	 (goto-char containing-sexp)
+	 (forward-sexp -1)
+	 (if (or (looking-at "enum[\t\n ]+")
+		 (progn (forward-sexp -1)
+			(looking-at "enum[\t\n ]+")))
+	     (point)))
+     (error nil))
+   ;; this will pick up array/aggregate init lists, even if they are nested.
+   (save-excursion
+     (let (bufpos failedp)
+       (while (and (not bufpos)
+		   containing-sexp)
+	 (if (consp containing-sexp)
+	     (setq containing-sexp (car brace-state)
+		   brace-state (cdr brace-state))
+	   ;; see if significant character just before brace is an equal
+	   (goto-char containing-sexp)
+	   (setq failedp nil)
+	   (condition-case ()
+	       (progn
+		 (forward-sexp -1)
+		 (forward-sexp 1)
+		 (c-forward-syntactic-ws containing-sexp))
+	     (error (setq failedp t)))
+	   (if (or failedp (/= (following-char) ?=))
+	       ;; lets see if we're nested. find the most nested
+	       ;; containing brace
+	       (setq containing-sexp (car brace-state)
+		     brace-state (cdr brace-state))
+	     ;; we've hit the beginning of the aggregate list
+	     (c-beginning-of-statement-1 (c-most-enclosing-brace brace-state))
+	     (setq bufpos (point)))
+	   ))
+       bufpos))
+   ))
+
+
+;; defuns for calculating the syntactic state and indenting a single
+;; line of C/C++/ObjC code
+(defmacro c-add-syntax (symbol &optional relpos)
+  ;; a simple macro to append the syntax in symbol to the syntax list.
+  ;; try to increase performance by using this macro
+  (` (setq syntax (cons (cons (, symbol) (, relpos)) syntax))))
+
+(defun c-most-enclosing-brace (state)
+  ;; return the bufpos of the most enclosing brace that hasn't been
+  ;; narrowed out by any enclosing class, or nil if none was found
+  (let (enclosingp)
+    (while (and state (not enclosingp))
+      (setq enclosingp (car state)
+	    state (cdr state))
+      (if (consp enclosingp)
+	  (setq enclosingp nil)
+	(if (> (point-min) enclosingp)
+	    (setq enclosingp nil))
+	(setq state nil)))
+    enclosingp))
+
+(defun c-least-enclosing-brace (state)
+  ;; return the bufpos of the least (highest) enclosing brace that
+  ;; hasn't been narrowed out by any enclosing class, or nil if none
+  ;; was found.
+  (c-most-enclosing-brace (nreverse state)))
+
+(defun c-safe-position (bufpos state)
+  ;; return the closest known safe position higher up than point
+  (let ((safepos nil))
+    (while state
+      (setq safepos
+	    (if (consp (car state))
+		(cdr (car state))
+	      (car state)))
+      (if (< safepos bufpos)
+	  (setq state nil)
+	(setq state (cdr state))))
+    safepos))
+
+(defun c-narrow-out-enclosing-class (state lim)
+  ;; narrow the buffer so that the enclosing class is hidden
+  (let (inclass-p)
+    (and state
+	 (setq inclass-p (c-search-uplist-for-classkey state))
+	 (narrow-to-region
+	  (progn
+	    (goto-char (1+ (aref inclass-p 1)))
+	    (skip-chars-forward " \t\n" lim)
+	    ;; if point is now left of the class opening brace, we're
+	    ;; hosed, so try a different tact
+	    (if (<= (point) (aref inclass-p 1))
+		(progn
+		  (goto-char (1+ (aref inclass-p 1)))
+		  (c-forward-syntactic-ws lim)))
+	    (point))
+	  ;; end point is the end of the current line
+	  (progn
+	    (goto-char lim)
+	    (c-point 'eol))))
+    ;; return the class vector
+    inclass-p))
+
+(defun c-guess-basic-syntax ()
+  ;; guess the syntactic description of the current line of C++ code.
+  (save-excursion
+    (save-restriction
+      (beginning-of-line)
+      (let* ((indent-point (point))
+	     (case-fold-search nil)
+	     (fullstate (c-parse-state))
+	     (state fullstate)
+	     (in-method-intro-p (and c-method-key
+				     (looking-at c-method-key)))
+	     literal containing-sexp char-before-ip char-after-ip lim
+	     syntax placeholder c-in-literal-cache inswitch-p
+	     ;; narrow out any enclosing class
+	     (inclass-p (c-narrow-out-enclosing-class state indent-point))
+	     )
+
+	;; get the buffer position of the most nested opening brace,
+	;; if there is one, and it hasn't been narrowed out
+	(save-excursion
+	  (goto-char indent-point)
+	  (skip-chars-forward " \t}")
+	  (skip-chars-backward " \t")
+	  (while (and state
+		      (not in-method-intro-p)
+		      (not containing-sexp))
+	    (setq containing-sexp (car state)
+		  state (cdr state))
+	    (if (consp containing-sexp)
+		;; if cdr == point, then containing sexp is the brace
+		;; that opens the sexp we close
+		(if (= (cdr containing-sexp) (point))
+		    (setq containing-sexp (car containing-sexp))
+		  ;; otherwise, ignore this element
+		  (setq containing-sexp nil))
+	      ;; ignore the bufpos if its been narrowed out by the
+	      ;; containing class
+	      (if (<= containing-sexp (point-min))
+		  (setq containing-sexp nil)))))
+
+	;; set the limit on the farthest back we need to search
+	(setq lim (or containing-sexp
+		      (if (consp (car fullstate))
+			  (cdr (car fullstate))
+			nil)
+		      (point-min)))
+
+	;; cache char before and after indent point, and move point to
+	;; the most likely position to perform the majority of tests
+	(goto-char indent-point)
+	(skip-chars-forward " \t")
+	(setq char-after-ip (following-char))
+	(c-backward-syntactic-ws lim)
+	(setq char-before-ip (preceding-char))
+	(goto-char indent-point)
+	(skip-chars-forward " \t")
+
+	;; are we in a literal?
+	(setq literal (c-in-literal lim))
+
+	;; now figure out syntactic qualities of the current line
+	(cond
+	 ;; CASE 1: in a string.
+	 ((memq literal '(string))
+	  (c-add-syntax 'string (c-point 'bopl)))
+	 ;; CASE 2: in a C or C++ style comment.
+	 ((memq literal '(c c++))
+	  ;; we need to catch multi-paragraph C comments
+	  (while (and (zerop (forward-line -1))
+		      (looking-at "^[ \t]*$")))
+	  (c-add-syntax literal (c-point 'bol)))
+	 ;; CASE 3: in a cpp preprocessor
+	 ((eq literal 'pound)
+	  (c-beginning-of-macro lim)
+	  (c-add-syntax 'cpp-macro (c-point 'boi)))
+	 ;; CASE 4: in an objective-c method intro
+	 (in-method-intro-p
+	  (c-add-syntax 'objc-method-intro (c-point 'boi)))
+	 ;; CASE 5: Line is at top level.
+	 ((null containing-sexp)
+	  (cond
+	   ;; CASE 5A: we are looking at a defun, class, or
+	   ;; inline-inclass method opening brace
+	   ((= char-after-ip ?{)
+	    (cond
+	     ;; CASE 5A.1: we are looking at a class opening brace
+	     ((save-excursion
+		(goto-char indent-point)
+		(skip-chars-forward " \t{")
+		;; TBD: watch out! there could be a bogus
+		;; c-state-cache in place when we get here.  we have
+		;; to go through much chicanery to ignore the cache.
+		;; But of course, there may not be!  BLECH!  BOGUS!
+		(let ((decl
+		       (if (boundp 'c-state-cache)
+			   (let ((old-cache c-state-cache))
+			     (prog2
+				 (makunbound 'c-state-cache)
+				 (c-search-uplist-for-classkey (c-parse-state))
+			       (setq c-state-cache old-cache)))
+			 (c-search-uplist-for-classkey (c-parse-state))
+			 )))
+		  (and decl
+		       (setq placeholder (aref decl 0)))
+		  ))
+	      (c-add-syntax 'class-open placeholder))
+	     ;; CASE 5A.2: brace list open
+	     ((save-excursion
+		(c-beginning-of-statement-1 lim)
+		;; c-b-o-s could have left us at point-min
+		(and (bobp)
+		     (c-forward-syntactic-ws indent-point))
+		(setq placeholder (point))
+		(and (or (looking-at "enum[ \t\n]+")
+			 (= char-before-ip ?=))
+		     (save-excursion
+		       (skip-chars-forward "^;(" indent-point)
+		       (not (memq (following-char) '(?\; ?\()))
+		       )))
+	      (c-add-syntax 'brace-list-open placeholder))
+	     ;; CASE 5A.3: inline defun open
+	     (inclass-p
+	      (c-add-syntax 'inline-open (aref inclass-p 0)))
+	     ;; CASE 5A.4: ordinary defun open
+	     (t
+	      (goto-char placeholder)
+	      (c-add-syntax 'defun-open (c-point 'bol))
+	      )))
+	   ;; CASE 5B: first K&R arg decl or member init
+	   ((c-just-after-func-arglist-p)
+	    (cond
+	     ;; CASE 5B.1: a member init
+	     ((or (= char-before-ip ?:)
+		  (= char-after-ip ?:))
+	      ;; this line should be indented relative to the beginning
+	      ;; of indentation for the topmost-intro line that contains
+	      ;; the prototype's open paren
+	      ;; TBD: is the following redundant?
+	      (if (= char-before-ip ?:)
+		  (forward-char -1))
+	      (c-backward-syntactic-ws lim)
+	      ;; TBD: is the preceding redundant?
+	      (if (= (preceding-char) ?:)
+		  (progn (forward-char -1)
+			 (c-backward-syntactic-ws lim)))
+	      (if (= (preceding-char) ?\))
+		  (backward-sexp 1))
+	      (c-add-syntax 'member-init-intro (c-point 'boi))
+	      ;; we don't need to add any class offset since this
+	      ;; should be relative to the ctor's indentation
+	      )
+	     ;; CASE 5B.2: K&R arg decl intro
+	     (c-recognize-knr-p
+	      (c-add-syntax 'knr-argdecl-intro (c-point 'boi))
+	      (and inclass-p (c-add-syntax 'inclass (aref inclass-p 0))))
+	     ;; CASE 5B.3: Nether region after a C++ func decl, which
+	     ;; could include a `throw' declaration.
+	     (t
+	      (c-beginning-of-statement-1 lim)
+	      (c-add-syntax 'ansi-funcdecl-cont (c-point 'boi))
+	      )))
+	   ;; CASE 5C: inheritance line. could be first inheritance
+	   ;; line, or continuation of a multiple inheritance
+	   ((or (and c-baseclass-key (looking-at c-baseclass-key))
+		(and (or (= char-before-ip ?:)
+			 (= char-after-ip ?:))
+		     (save-excursion
+		       (c-backward-syntactic-ws lim)
+		       (if (= char-before-ip ?:)
+			   (progn
+			     (forward-char -1)
+			     (c-backward-syntactic-ws lim)))
+		       (back-to-indentation)
+		       (looking-at c-class-key))))
+	    (cond
+	     ;; CASE 5C.1: non-hanging colon on an inher intro
+	     ((= char-after-ip ?:)
+	      (c-backward-syntactic-ws lim)
+	      (c-add-syntax 'inher-intro (c-point 'boi))
+	      ;; don't add inclass symbol since relative point already
+	      ;; contains any class offset
+	      )
+	     ;; CASE 5C.2: hanging colon on an inher intro
+	     ((= char-before-ip ?:)
+	      (c-add-syntax 'inher-intro (c-point 'boi))
+	      (and inclass-p (c-add-syntax 'inclass (aref inclass-p 0))))
+	     ;; CASE 5C.3: a continued inheritance line
+	     (t
+	      (c-beginning-of-inheritance-list lim)
+	      (c-add-syntax 'inher-cont (point))
+	      ;; don't add inclass symbol since relative point already
+	      ;; contains any class offset
+	      )))
+	   ;; CASE 5D: this could be a top-level compound statement or a
+	   ;; member init list continuation
+	   ((= char-before-ip ?,)
+	    (goto-char indent-point)
+	    (c-backward-syntactic-ws lim)
+	    (while (and (< lim (point))
+			(= (preceding-char) ?,))
+	      ;; this will catch member inits with multiple
+	      ;; line arglists
+	      (forward-char -1)
+	      (c-backward-syntactic-ws (c-point 'bol))
+	      (if (= (preceding-char) ?\))
+		  (backward-sexp 1))
+	      ;; now continue checking
+	      (beginning-of-line)
+	      (c-backward-syntactic-ws lim))
+	    (cond
+	     ;; CASE 5D.1: hanging member init colon, but watch out
+	     ;; for bogus matches on access specifiers inside classes.
+	     ((and (= (preceding-char) ?:)
+		   (save-excursion
+		     (forward-word -1)
+		     (not (looking-at c-access-key))))
+	      (goto-char indent-point)
+	      (c-backward-syntactic-ws lim)
+	      (c-safe (backward-sexp 1))
+	      (c-add-syntax 'member-init-cont (c-point 'boi))
+	      ;; we do not need to add class offset since relative
+	      ;; point is the member init above us
+	      )
+	     ;; CASE 5D.2: non-hanging member init colon
+	     ((progn
+		(c-forward-syntactic-ws indent-point)
+		(= (following-char) ?:))
+	      (skip-chars-forward " \t:")
+	      (c-add-syntax 'member-init-cont (point)))
+	     ;; CASE 5D.3: perhaps a multiple inheritance line?
+	     ((looking-at c-inher-key)
+	      (c-add-syntax 'inher-cont (c-point 'boi)))
+	     ;; CASE 5D.4: perhaps a template list continuation?
+	     ((save-excursion
+		(skip-chars-backward "^<" lim)
+		;; not sure if this is the right test, but it should
+		;; be fast and mostly accurate.
+		(and (= (preceding-char) ?<)
+		     (not (c-in-literal lim))))
+	      ;; we can probably indent it just like and arglist-cont
+	      (c-add-syntax 'arglist-cont (point)))
+	     ;; CASE 5D.5: perhaps a top-level statement-cont
+	     (t
+	      (c-beginning-of-statement-1 lim)
+	      ;; skip over any access-specifiers
+	      (and inclass-p c-access-key
+		   (while (looking-at c-access-key)
+		     (forward-line 1)))
+	      ;; skip over comments, whitespace
+	      (c-forward-syntactic-ws indent-point)
+	      (c-add-syntax 'statement-cont (c-point 'boi)))
+	     ))
+	   ;; CASE 5E: we are looking at a access specifier
+	   ((and inclass-p
+		 c-access-key
+		 (looking-at c-access-key))
+	    (c-add-syntax 'access-label (c-point 'bonl))
+	    (c-add-syntax 'inclass (aref inclass-p 0)))
+	   ;; CASE 5F: we are looking at the brace which closes the
+	   ;; enclosing nested class decl
+	   ((and inclass-p
+		 (= char-after-ip ?})
+		 (save-excursion
+		   (save-restriction
+		     (widen)
+		     (forward-char 1)
+		     (and
+		      (condition-case nil
+			  (progn (backward-sexp 1) t)
+			(error nil))
+		      (= (point) (aref inclass-p 1))
+		      ))))
+	    (save-restriction
+	      (widen)
+	      (goto-char (aref inclass-p 0))
+	      (c-add-syntax 'class-close (c-point 'boi))))
+	   ;; CASE 5G: we could be looking at subsequent knr-argdecls
+	   ((and c-recognize-knr-p
+		 (save-excursion
+		   (c-backward-syntactic-ws lim)
+		   (while (memq (preceding-char) '(?\; ?,))
+		     (beginning-of-line)
+		     (setq placeholder (point))
+		     (c-backward-syntactic-ws lim))
+		   (and (= (preceding-char) ?\))
+			(or (not c-method-key)
+			    (progn
+			      (forward-sexp -1)
+			      (forward-char -1)
+			      (c-backward-syntactic-ws)
+			      (not (or (= (preceding-char) ?-)
+				       (= (preceding-char) ?+)
+				       ;; or a class category
+				       (progn
+					 (forward-sexp -2)
+					 (looking-at c-class-key))
+				       )))))
+		   )
+		 (save-excursion
+		   (c-beginning-of-statement-1)
+		   (not (looking-at "typedef[ \t\n]+"))))
+	    (goto-char placeholder)
+	    (c-add-syntax 'knr-argdecl (c-point 'boi)))
+	   ;; CASE 5H: we are at the topmost level, make sure we skip
+	   ;; back past any access specifiers
+	   ((progn
+	      (c-backward-syntactic-ws lim)
+	      (while (and inclass-p
+			  c-access-key
+			  (not (bobp))
+			  (save-excursion
+			    (c-safe (progn (backward-sexp 1) t))
+			    (looking-at c-access-key)))
+		(backward-sexp 1)
+		(c-backward-syntactic-ws lim))
+	      (or (bobp)
+		  (memq (preceding-char) '(?\; ?\}))))
+	    ;; real beginning-of-line could be narrowed out due to
+	    ;; enclosure in a class block
+	    (save-restriction
+	      (widen)
+	      (c-add-syntax 'topmost-intro (c-point 'bol))
+	      (if inclass-p
+		  (progn
+		    (goto-char (aref inclass-p 1))
+		    (c-add-syntax 'inclass (c-point 'boi))))))
+	   ;; CASE 5I: we are at an ObjC or Java method definition
+	   ;; continuation line.
+	   ((and c-method-key
+		 (progn
+		   (c-beginning-of-statement-1 lim)
+		   (beginning-of-line)
+		   (looking-at c-method-key)))
+	    (c-add-syntax 'objc-method-args-cont (point)))
+	   ;; CASE 5J: we are at a topmost continuation line
+	   (t
+	    (c-beginning-of-statement-1 lim)
+	    (c-forward-syntactic-ws)
+	    (c-add-syntax 'topmost-intro-cont (c-point 'boi)))
+	   ))				; end CASE 5
+	 ;; CASE 6: line is an expression, not a statement.  Most
+	 ;; likely we are either in a function prototype or a function
+	 ;; call argument list
+	 ((/= (char-after containing-sexp) ?{)
+	  (c-backward-syntactic-ws containing-sexp)
+	  (cond
+	   ;; CASE 6A: we are looking at the arglist closing paren or
+	   ;; at an Objective-C or Java method call closing bracket.
+	   ((and (/= char-before-ip ?,)
+		 (memq char-after-ip '(?\) ?\])))
+	    (if (and c-method-key
+		     (progn
+		       (goto-char (1- containing-sexp))
+		       (c-backward-syntactic-ws lim)
+		       (not (looking-at c-symbol-key))))
+		(c-add-syntax 'statement-cont containing-sexp)
+	      (goto-char containing-sexp)
+	      (c-add-syntax 'arglist-close (c-point 'boi))))
+	   ;; CASE 6B: we are looking at the first argument in an empty
+	   ;; argument list. Use arglist-close if we're actually
+	   ;; looking at a close paren or bracket.
+	   ((memq char-before-ip '(?\( ?\[))
+	    (goto-char containing-sexp)
+	    (c-add-syntax 'arglist-intro (c-point 'boi)))
+	   ;; CASE 6C: we are inside a conditional test clause. treat
+	   ;; these things as statements
+	   ((save-excursion
+	     (goto-char containing-sexp)
+	     (and (c-safe (progn (forward-sexp -1) t))
+		  (looking-at "\\<for\\>")))
+	    (goto-char (1+ containing-sexp))
+	    (c-forward-syntactic-ws indent-point)
+	    (c-beginning-of-statement-1 containing-sexp)
+	    (if (= char-before-ip ?\;)
+		(c-add-syntax 'statement (point))
+	      (c-add-syntax 'statement-cont (point))
+	      ))
+	   ;; CASE 6D: maybe a continued method call. This is the case
+	   ;; when we are inside a [] bracketed exp, and what precede
+	   ;; the opening bracket is not an identifier.
+	   ((and c-method-key
+		 (= (char-after containing-sexp) ?\[)
+		 (save-excursion
+		   (goto-char (1- containing-sexp))
+		   (c-backward-syntactic-ws (c-point 'bod))
+		   (if (not (looking-at c-symbol-key))
+		       (c-add-syntax 'objc-method-call-cont containing-sexp))
+		   )))
+	   ;; CASE 6E: we are looking at an arglist continuation line,
+	   ;; but the preceding argument is on the same line as the
+	   ;; opening paren.  This case includes multi-line
+	   ;; mathematical paren groupings, but we could be on a
+	   ;; for-list continuation line
+	   ((and (save-excursion
+		   (goto-char (1+ containing-sexp))
+		   (skip-chars-forward " \t")
+		   (not (eolp)))
+		 (save-excursion
+		   (c-beginning-of-statement-1 lim)
+		   (skip-chars-backward " \t([")
+		   (<= (point) containing-sexp)))
+	    (goto-char containing-sexp)
+	    (c-add-syntax 'arglist-cont-nonempty (c-point 'boi)))
+	   ;; CASE 6F: we are looking at just a normal arglist
+	   ;; continuation line
+	   (t (c-beginning-of-statement-1 containing-sexp)
+	      (forward-char 1)
+	      (c-forward-syntactic-ws indent-point)
+	      (c-add-syntax 'arglist-cont (c-point 'boi)))
+	   ))
+	 ;; CASE 7: func-local multi-inheritance line
+	 ((and c-baseclass-key
+	       (save-excursion
+		 (goto-char indent-point)
+		 (skip-chars-forward " \t")
+		 (looking-at c-baseclass-key)))
+	  (goto-char indent-point)
+	  (skip-chars-forward " \t")
+	  (cond
+	   ;; CASE 7A: non-hanging colon on an inher intro
+	   ((= char-after-ip ?:)
+	    (c-backward-syntactic-ws lim)
+	    (c-add-syntax 'inher-intro (c-point 'boi)))
+	   ;; CASE 7B: hanging colon on an inher intro
+	   ((= char-before-ip ?:)
+	    (c-add-syntax 'inher-intro (c-point 'boi)))
+	   ;; CASE 7C: a continued inheritance line
+	   (t
+	    (c-beginning-of-inheritance-list lim)
+	    (c-add-syntax 'inher-cont (point))
+	    )))
+	 ;; CASE 8: we are inside a brace-list
+	 ((setq placeholder (c-inside-bracelist-p containing-sexp state))
+	  (cond
+	   ;; CASE 8A: brace-list-close brace
+	   ((and (= char-after-ip ?})
+		 (c-safe (progn (forward-char 1)
+				(backward-sexp 1)
+				t))
+		 (= (point) containing-sexp))
+	    (c-add-syntax 'brace-list-close (c-point 'boi)))
+	   ;; CASE 8B: we're looking at the first line in a brace-list
+	   ((save-excursion
+	      (goto-char indent-point)
+	      (c-backward-syntactic-ws containing-sexp)
+	      (= (point) (1+ containing-sexp)))
+	    (goto-char containing-sexp)
+	    ;;(if (= char-after-ip ?{)
+		;;(c-add-syntax 'brace-list-open (c-point 'boi))
+	    (c-add-syntax 'brace-list-intro (c-point 'boi))
+	    )
+	    ;;))			; end CASE 8B
+	   ;; CASE 8C: this is just a later brace-list-entry
+	   (t (goto-char (1+ containing-sexp))
+	      (c-forward-syntactic-ws indent-point)
+	      (if (= char-after-ip ?{)
+		  (c-add-syntax 'brace-list-open (point))
+		(c-add-syntax 'brace-list-entry (point))
+		))			; end CASE 8C
+	   ))				; end CASE 8
+	 ;; CASE 9: A continued statement
+	 ((and (not (memq char-before-ip '(?\; ?} ?:)))
+	       (> (point)
+		  (save-excursion
+		    (c-beginning-of-statement-1 containing-sexp)
+		    (setq placeholder (point))))
+	       (/= placeholder containing-sexp))
+	  (goto-char indent-point)
+	  (skip-chars-forward " \t")
+	  (let ((after-cond-placeholder
+		 (save-excursion
+		   (goto-char placeholder)
+		   (if (looking-at c-conditional-key)
+		       (progn
+			 (c-safe (c-skip-conditional))
+			 (c-forward-syntactic-ws)
+			 (if (memq (following-char) '(?\;))
+			     (progn
+			       (forward-char 1)
+			       (c-forward-syntactic-ws)))
+			 (point))
+		     nil))))
+	    (cond
+	     ;; CASE 9A: substatement
+	     ((and after-cond-placeholder
+		   (>= after-cond-placeholder indent-point))
+	      (goto-char placeholder)
+	      (if (= char-after-ip ?{)
+		  (c-add-syntax 'substatement-open (c-point 'boi))
+		(c-add-syntax 'substatement (c-point 'boi))))
+	     ;; CASE 9B: open braces for class or brace-lists
+	     ((= char-after-ip ?{)
+	      (cond
+	       ;; CASE 9B.1: class-open
+	       ((save-excursion
+		  (goto-char indent-point)
+		  (skip-chars-forward " \t{")
+		  (let ((decl (c-search-uplist-for-classkey (c-parse-state))))
+		    (and decl
+			 (setq placeholder (aref decl 0)))
+		    ))
+		(c-add-syntax 'class-open placeholder))
+	       ;; CASE 9B.2: brace-list-open
+	       ((or (save-excursion
+		      (goto-char placeholder)
+		      (looking-at "\\<enum\\>"))
+		    (= char-before-ip ?=))
+		(c-add-syntax 'brace-list-open placeholder))
+	       ;; CASE 9B.3: catch-all for unknown construct.
+	       (t
+		;; Can and should I add an extensibility hook here?
+		;; Something like c-recognize-hook so support for
+		;; unknown constructs could be added.  It's probably a
+		;; losing proposition, so I dunno.
+		(goto-char placeholder)
+		(c-add-syntax 'statement-cont (c-point 'boi))
+		(c-add-syntax 'block-open))
+	       ))
+	     ;; CASE 9C: iostream insertion or extraction operator
+	     ((looking-at "<<\\|>>")
+	      (goto-char placeholder)
+	      (and after-cond-placeholder
+		   (goto-char after-cond-placeholder))
+	      (while (and (re-search-forward "<<\\|>>" indent-point 'move)
+			  (c-in-literal placeholder)))
+	      ;; if we ended up at indent-point, then the first
+	      ;; streamop is on a separate line. Indent the line like
+	      ;; a statement-cont instead
+	      (if (/= (point) indent-point)
+		  (c-add-syntax 'stream-op (c-point 'boi))
+		(c-backward-syntactic-ws lim)
+		(c-add-syntax 'statement-cont (c-point 'boi))))
+	     ;; CASE 9D: continued statement. find the accurate
+	     ;; beginning of statement or substatement
+	     (t
+	      (c-beginning-of-statement-1 after-cond-placeholder)
+	      ;; KLUDGE ALERT!  c-beginning-of-statement-1 can leave
+	      ;; us before the lim we're passing in.  It should be
+	      ;; fixed, but I'm worried about side-effects at this
+	      ;; late date.  Fix for v5.
+	      (goto-char (or (and after-cond-placeholder
+				  (max after-cond-placeholder (point)))
+			     (point)))
+	      (c-add-syntax 'statement-cont (point)))
+	     )))
+	 ;; CASE 10: an else clause?
+	 ((looking-at "\\<else\\>[^_]")
+	  (c-backward-to-start-of-if containing-sexp)
+	  (c-add-syntax 'else-clause (c-point 'boi)))
+	 ;; CASE 11: Statement. But what kind?  Lets see if its a
+	 ;; while closure of a do/while construct
+	 ((progn
+	    (goto-char indent-point)
+	    (skip-chars-forward " \t")
+	    (and (looking-at "while\\b[^_]")
+		 (save-excursion
+		   (c-backward-to-start-of-do containing-sexp)
+		   (setq placeholder (point))
+		   (looking-at "do\\b[^_]"))
+		 ))
+	  (c-add-syntax 'do-while-closure placeholder))
+	 ;; CASE 12: A case or default label
+	 ((looking-at c-switch-label-key)
+	  (goto-char containing-sexp)
+	  ;; check for hanging braces
+	  (if (/= (point) (c-point 'boi))
+	      (forward-sexp -1))
+	  (c-add-syntax 'case-label (c-point 'boi)))
+	 ;; CASE 13: any other label
+	 ((looking-at c-label-key)
+	  (goto-char containing-sexp)
+	  (c-add-syntax 'label (c-point 'boi)))
+	 ;; CASE 14: block close brace, possibly closing the defun or
+	 ;; the class
+	 ((= char-after-ip ?})
+	  (let* ((lim (c-safe-position containing-sexp fullstate))
+		 (relpos (save-excursion
+			   (goto-char containing-sexp)
+			   (if (/= (point) (c-point 'boi))
+			       (c-beginning-of-statement-1 lim))
+			   (c-point 'boi))))
+	    (cond
+	     ;; CASE 14A: does this close an inline?
+	     ((progn
+		(goto-char containing-sexp)
+		(c-search-uplist-for-classkey state))
+	      (c-add-syntax 'inline-close relpos))
+	     ;; CASE 14B: if there an enclosing brace that hasn't
+	     ;; been narrowed out by a class, then this is a
+	     ;; block-close
+	     ((c-most-enclosing-brace state)
+	      (c-add-syntax 'block-close relpos))
+	     ;; CASE 14C: find out whether we're closing a top-level
+	     ;; class or a defun
+	     (t
+	      (save-restriction
+		(narrow-to-region (point-min) indent-point)
+		(let ((decl (c-search-uplist-for-classkey (c-parse-state))))
+		  (if decl
+		      (c-add-syntax 'class-close (aref decl 0))
+		    (c-add-syntax 'defun-close relpos)))))
+	     )))
+	 ;; CASE 15: statement catchall
+	 (t
+	  ;; we know its a statement, but we need to find out if it is
+	  ;; the first statement in a block
+	  (goto-char containing-sexp)
+	  (forward-char 1)
+	  (c-forward-syntactic-ws indent-point)
+	  ;; now skip forward past any case/default clauses we might find.
+	  (while (or (c-skip-case-statement-forward fullstate indent-point)
+		     (and (looking-at c-switch-label-key)
+			  (not inswitch-p)))
+	    (setq inswitch-p t))
+	  ;; we want to ignore non-case labels when skipping forward
+	  (while (and (looking-at c-label-key)
+		      (goto-char (match-end 0)))
+	    (c-forward-syntactic-ws indent-point))
+	  (cond
+	   ;; CASE 15A: we are inside a case/default clause inside a
+	   ;; switch statement.  find out if we are at the statement
+	   ;; just after the case/default label.
+	   ((and inswitch-p
+		 (progn
+		   (goto-char indent-point)
+		   (c-backward-syntactic-ws containing-sexp)
+		   (back-to-indentation)
+		   (setq placeholder (point))
+		   (looking-at c-switch-label-key)))
+	    (goto-char indent-point)
+	    (skip-chars-forward " \t")
+	    (if (= (following-char) ?{)
+		(c-add-syntax 'statement-case-open placeholder)
+	      (c-add-syntax 'statement-case-intro placeholder)))
+	   ;; CASE 15B: continued statement
+	   ((= char-before-ip ?,)
+	    (c-add-syntax 'statement-cont (c-point 'boi)))
+	   ;; CASE 15C: a question/colon construct?  But make sure
+	   ;; what came before was not a label, and what comes after
+	   ;; is not a globally scoped function call!
+	   ((or (and (memq char-before-ip '(?: ??))
+		     (save-excursion
+		       (goto-char indent-point)
+		       (c-backward-syntactic-ws lim)
+		       (back-to-indentation)
+		       (not (looking-at c-label-key))))
+		(and (memq char-after-ip '(?: ??))
+		     (save-excursion
+		       (goto-char indent-point)
+		       (skip-chars-forward " \t")
+		       ;; watch out for scope operator
+		       (not (looking-at "::")))))
+	    (c-add-syntax 'statement-cont (c-point 'boi)))
+	   ;; CASE 15D: any old statement
+	   ((< (point) indent-point)
+	    (let ((safepos (c-most-enclosing-brace fullstate)))
+	      (goto-char indent-point)
+	      (c-beginning-of-statement-1 safepos)
+	      ;; It is possible we're on the brace that opens a nested
+	      ;; function.
+	      (if (and (= (following-char) ?{)
+		       (save-excursion
+			 (c-backward-syntactic-ws safepos)
+			 (/= (preceding-char) ?\;)))
+		  (c-beginning-of-statement-1 safepos))
+	      (c-add-syntax 'statement (c-point 'boi))
+	      (if (= char-after-ip ?{)
+		  (c-add-syntax 'block-open))))
+	   ;; CASE 15E: first statement in an inline, or first
+	   ;; statement in a top-level defun. we can tell this is it
+	   ;; if there are no enclosing braces that haven't been
+	   ;; narrowed out by a class (i.e. don't use bod here!)
+	   ((save-excursion
+	      (save-restriction
+		(widen)
+		(goto-char containing-sexp)
+		(c-narrow-out-enclosing-class state containing-sexp)
+		(not (c-most-enclosing-brace state))))
+	    (goto-char containing-sexp)
+	    ;; if not at boi, then defun-opening braces are hung on
+	    ;; right side, so we need a different relpos
+	    (if (/= (point) (c-point 'boi))
+		(progn
+		  (c-backward-syntactic-ws)
+		  (c-safe (forward-sexp (if (= (preceding-char) ?\))
+					    -1 -2)))
+		  ))
+	    (c-add-syntax 'defun-block-intro (c-point 'boi)))
+	   ;; CASE 15F: first statement in a block
+	   (t (goto-char containing-sexp)
+	      (if (/= (point) (c-point 'boi))
+		  (c-beginning-of-statement-1
+		   (if (= (point) lim)
+		       (c-safe-position (point) state) lim)))
+	      (c-add-syntax 'statement-block-intro (c-point 'boi))
+	      (if (= char-after-ip ?{)
+		  (c-add-syntax 'block-open)))
+	   ))
+	 )
+
+	;; now we need to look at any modifiers
+	(goto-char indent-point)
+	(skip-chars-forward " \t")
+	;; are we looking at a comment only line?
+	(if (looking-at c-comment-start-regexp)
+	    (c-add-syntax 'comment-intro))
+	;; we might want to give additional offset to friends (in C++).
+	(if (and (eq major-mode 'c++-mode)
+		 (looking-at c-C++-friend-key))
+	    (c-add-syntax 'friend))
+	;; return the syntax
+	syntax))))
+
+
+;; indent via syntactic language elements
+(defun c-get-offset (langelem)
+  ;; Get offset from LANGELEM which is a cons cell of the form:
+  ;; (SYMBOL . RELPOS).  The symbol is matched against
+  ;; c-offsets-alist and the offset found there is either returned,
+  ;; or added to the indentation at RELPOS.  If RELPOS is nil, then
+  ;; the offset is simply returned.
+  (let* ((symbol (car langelem))
+	 (relpos (cdr langelem))
+	 (match  (assq symbol c-offsets-alist))
+	 (offset (cdr-safe match)))
+    ;; offset can be a number, a function, a variable, or one of the
+    ;; symbols + or -
+    (cond
+     ((not match)
+      (if c-strict-syntax-p
+	  (error "don't know how to indent a %s" symbol)
+	(setq offset 0
+	      relpos 0)))
+     ((eq offset '+)  (setq offset c-basic-offset))
+     ((eq offset '-)  (setq offset (- c-basic-offset)))
+     ((eq offset '++) (setq offset (* 2 c-basic-offset)))
+     ((eq offset '--) (setq offset (* 2 (- c-basic-offset))))
+     ((eq offset '*)  (setq offset (/ c-basic-offset 2)))
+     ((eq offset '/)  (setq offset (/ (- c-basic-offset) 2)))
+     ((and (not (numberp offset))
+	   (fboundp offset))
+      (setq offset (funcall offset langelem)))
+     ((not (numberp offset))
+      (setq offset (eval offset)))
+     )
+    (+ (if (and relpos
+		(< relpos (c-point 'bol)))
+	   (save-excursion
+	     (goto-char relpos)
+	     (current-column))
+	 0)
+       offset)))
+
+(defun c-indent-line (&optional syntax)
+  ;; indent the current line as C/C++/ObjC code. Optional SYNTAX is the
+  ;; syntactic information for the current line. Returns the amount of
+  ;; indentation change
+  (let* ((c-syntactic-context (or syntax (c-guess-basic-syntax)))
+	 (pos (- (point-max) (point)))
+	 (indent (apply '+ (mapcar 'c-get-offset c-syntactic-context)))
+	 (shift-amt  (- (current-indentation) indent)))
+    (and c-echo-syntactic-information-p
+	 (message "syntax: %s, indent= %d" c-syntactic-context indent))
+    (if (zerop shift-amt)
+	nil
+      (delete-region (c-point 'bol) (c-point 'boi))
+      (beginning-of-line)
+      (indent-to indent))
+    (if (< (point) (c-point 'boi))
+	(back-to-indentation)
+      ;; If initial point was within line's indentation, position after
+      ;; the indentation.  Else stay at same point in text.
+      (if (> (- (point-max) pos) (point))
+	  (goto-char (- (point-max) pos)))
+      )
+    (run-hooks 'c-special-indent-hook)
+    shift-amt))
+
+(defun c-show-syntactic-information ()
+  "Show syntactic information for current line."
+  (interactive)
+  (message "syntactic analysis: %s" (c-guess-basic-syntax))
+  (c-keep-region-active))
+
+
+;; Standard indentation line-ups
+(defun c-lineup-arglist (langelem)
+  ;; lineup the current arglist line with the arglist appearing just
+  ;; after the containing paren which starts the arglist.
+  (save-excursion
+    (let* ((containing-sexp
+	    (save-excursion
+	      ;; arglist-cont-nonempty gives relpos ==
+	      ;; to boi of containing-sexp paren. This
+	      ;; is good when offset is +, but bad
+	      ;; when it is c-lineup-arglist, so we
+	      ;; have to special case a kludge here.
+	      (if (memq (car langelem) '(arglist-intro arglist-cont-nonempty))
+		  (progn
+		    (beginning-of-line)
+		    (backward-up-list 1)
+		    (skip-chars-forward " \t" (c-point 'eol)))
+		(goto-char (cdr langelem)))
+	      (point)))
+	   (cs-curcol (save-excursion
+			(goto-char (cdr langelem))
+			(current-column))))
+      (if (save-excursion
+	    (beginning-of-line)
+	    (looking-at "[ \t]*)"))
+	  (progn (goto-char (match-end 0))
+		 (forward-sexp -1)
+		 (forward-char 1)
+		 (c-forward-syntactic-ws)
+		 (- (current-column) cs-curcol))
+	(goto-char containing-sexp)
+	(or (eolp)
+	    (not (memq (following-char) '(?{ ?\( )))
+	    (let ((eol (c-point 'eol))
+		  (here (progn
+			  (forward-char 1)
+			  (skip-chars-forward " \t")
+			  (point))))
+	      (c-forward-syntactic-ws)
+	      (if (< (point) eol)
+		  (goto-char here))))
+	(- (current-column) cs-curcol)
+	))))
+
+(defun c-lineup-arglist-intro-after-paren (langelem)
+  ;; lineup an arglist-intro line to just after the open paren
+  (save-excursion
+    (let ((cs-curcol (save-excursion
+		       (goto-char (cdr langelem))
+		       (current-column)))
+	  (ce-curcol (save-excursion
+		       (beginning-of-line)
+		       (backward-up-list 1)
+		       (skip-chars-forward " \t" (c-point 'eol))
+		       (current-column))))
+      (- ce-curcol cs-curcol -1))))
+
+(defun c-lineup-streamop (langelem)
+  ;; lineup stream operators
+  (save-excursion
+    (let* ((relpos (cdr langelem))
+	   (curcol (progn (goto-char relpos)
+			  (current-column))))
+      (re-search-forward "<<\\|>>" (c-point 'eol) 'move)
+      (goto-char (match-beginning 0))
+      (- (current-column) curcol))))
+
+(defun c-lineup-multi-inher (langelem)
+  ;; line up multiple inheritance lines
+  (save-excursion
+    (let (cs-curcol
+	  (eol (c-point 'eol))
+	  (here (point)))
+      (goto-char (cdr langelem))
+      (setq cs-curcol (current-column))
+      (skip-chars-forward "^:" eol)
+      (skip-chars-forward " \t:" eol)
+      (if (or (eolp)
+	      (looking-at c-comment-start-regexp))
+	  (c-forward-syntactic-ws here))
+      (- (current-column) cs-curcol)
+      )))
+
+(defun c-lineup-C-comments (langelem)
+  ;; line up C block comment continuation lines
+  (save-excursion
+    (let ((stars (progn
+		   (beginning-of-line)
+		   (skip-chars-forward " \t")
+		   (if (looking-at "\\*\\*?")
+		       (- (match-end 0) (match-beginning 0))
+		     0)))
+	  (cs-curcol (progn (goto-char (cdr langelem))
+			    (current-column))))
+      (back-to-indentation)
+      (if (re-search-forward "/\\*[ \t]*" (c-point 'eol) t)
+	  (goto-char (+ (match-beginning 0)
+			(cond
+			 (c-block-comments-indent-p 0)
+			 ((= stars 1) 1)
+			 ((= stars 2) 0)
+			 (t (- (match-end 0) (match-beginning 0)))))))
+      (- (current-column) cs-curcol))))
+
+(defun c-lineup-comment (langelem)
+  ;; support old behavior for comment indentation. we look at
+  ;; c-comment-only-line-offset to decide how to indent comment
+  ;; only-lines
+  (save-excursion
+    (back-to-indentation)
+    ;; indent as specified by c-comment-only-line-offset
+    (if (not (bolp))
+	(or (car-safe c-comment-only-line-offset)
+	    c-comment-only-line-offset)
+      (or (cdr-safe c-comment-only-line-offset)
+	  (car-safe c-comment-only-line-offset)
+	  -1000				;jam it against the left side
+	  ))))
+
+(defun c-lineup-runin-statements (langelem)
+  ;; line up statements in coding standards which place the first
+  ;; statement on the same line as the block opening brace.
+  (if (= (char-after (cdr langelem)) ?{)
+      (save-excursion
+	(let ((curcol (progn
+			(goto-char (cdr langelem))
+			(current-column))))
+	  (forward-char 1)
+	  (skip-chars-forward " \t")
+	  (- (current-column) curcol)))
+    0))
+
+(defun c-lineup-math (langelem)
+  ;; line up math statement-cont after the equals
+  (save-excursion
+    (let* ((relpos (cdr langelem))
+	   (equalp (save-excursion
+		     (goto-char (c-point 'boi))
+		     (skip-chars-forward "^=" (c-point 'eol))
+		     (and (= (following-char) ?=)
+			  (- (point) (c-point 'boi)))))
+	   (curcol (progn
+		     (goto-char relpos)
+		     (current-column)))
+	   donep)
+      (while (and (not donep)
+		  (< (point) (c-point 'eol)))
+	(skip-chars-forward "^=" (c-point 'eol))
+	(if (c-in-literal (cdr langelem))
+	    (forward-char 1)
+	  (setq donep t)))
+      (if (/= (following-char) ?=)
+	  ;; there's no equal sign on the line
+	  c-basic-offset
+	;; calculate indentation column after equals and ws, unless
+	;; our line contains an equals sign
+	(if (not equalp)
+	    (progn
+	      (forward-char 1)
+	      (skip-chars-forward " \t")
+	      (setq equalp 0)))
+	(- (current-column) equalp curcol))
+      )))
+
+(defun c-lineup-ObjC-method-call (langelem)
+  ;; Line up methods args as elisp-mode does with function args: go to
+  ;; the position right after the message receiver, and if you are at
+  ;; (eolp) indent the current line by a constant offset from the
+  ;; opening bracket; otherwise we are looking at the first character
+  ;; of the first method call argument, so lineup the current line
+  ;; with it.
+  (save-excursion
+    (let* ((extra (save-excursion
+		    (back-to-indentation)
+		    (c-backward-syntactic-ws (cdr langelem))
+		    (if (= (preceding-char) ?:)
+			(- c-basic-offset)
+		      0)))
+	   (open-bracket-pos (cdr langelem))
+           (open-bracket-col (progn
+			       (goto-char open-bracket-pos)
+			       (current-column)))
+           (target-col (progn
+			 (forward-char)
+			 (forward-sexp)
+			 (skip-chars-forward " \t")
+			 (if (eolp)
+			     (+ open-bracket-col c-basic-offset)
+			   (current-column))))
+	   )
+      (- target-col open-bracket-col extra))))
+
+(defun c-lineup-ObjC-method-args (langelem)
+  ;; Line up the colons that separate args. This is done trying to
+  ;; align colons vertically.
+  (save-excursion
+    (let* ((here (c-point 'boi))
+	   (curcol (progn (goto-char here) (current-column)))
+	   (eol (c-point 'eol))
+	   (relpos (cdr langelem))
+	   (first-col-column (progn
+			       (goto-char relpos)
+			       (skip-chars-forward "^:" eol)
+			       (and (= (following-char) ?:)
+				    (current-column)))))
+      (if (not first-col-column)
+	  c-basic-offset
+	(goto-char here)
+	(skip-chars-forward "^:" eol)
+	(if (= (following-char) ?:)
+	    (+ curcol (- first-col-column (current-column)))
+	  c-basic-offset)))))
+
+(defun c-lineup-ObjC-method-args-2 (langelem)
+  ;; Line up the colons that separate args. This is done trying to
+  ;; align the colon on the current line with the previous one.
+  (save-excursion
+    (let* ((here (c-point 'boi))
+	   (curcol (progn (goto-char here) (current-column)))
+	   (eol (c-point 'eol))
+	   (relpos (cdr langelem))
+	   (prev-col-column (progn
+			      (skip-chars-backward "^:" relpos)
+			      (and (= (preceding-char) ?:)
+				   (- (current-column) 1)))))
+      (if (not prev-col-column)
+	  c-basic-offset
+	(goto-char here)
+	(skip-chars-forward "^:" eol)
+	(if (= (following-char) ?:)
+	    (+ curcol (- prev-col-column (current-column)))
+	  c-basic-offset)))))
+
+(defun c-snug-do-while (syntax pos)
+  "Dynamically calculate brace hanginess for do-while statements.
+Using this function, `while' clauses that end a `do-while' block will
+remain on the same line as the brace that closes that block.
+
+See `c-hanging-braces-alist' for how to utilize this function as an
+ACTION associated with `block-close' syntax."
+  (save-excursion
+    (let (langelem)
+      (if (and (eq syntax 'block-close)
+	       (setq langelem (assq 'block-close c-syntactic-context))
+	       (progn (goto-char (cdr langelem))
+		      (if (= (following-char) ?{)
+			  (c-safe (forward-sexp -1)))
+		      (looking-at "\\<do\\>[^_]")))
+	  '(before)
+	'(before after)))))
+
+
+;;; This page handles insertion and removal of backslashes for C macros.
+
+(defun c-backslash-region (from to delete-flag)
+  "Insert, align, or delete end-of-line backslashes on the lines in the region.
+With no argument, inserts backslashes and aligns existing backslashes.
+With an argument, deletes the backslashes.
+
+This function does not modify the last line of the region if the region ends 
+right at the start of the following line; it does not modify blank lines
+at the start of the region.  So you can put the region around an entire macro
+definition and conveniently use this command."
+  (interactive "r\nP")
+  (save-excursion
+    (goto-char from)
+    (let ((column c-backslash-column)
+          (endmark (make-marker)))
+      (move-marker endmark to)
+      ;; Compute the smallest column number past the ends of all the lines.
+      (if (not delete-flag)
+          (while (< (point) to)
+            (end-of-line)
+            (if (= (preceding-char) ?\\)
+                (progn (forward-char -1)
+                       (skip-chars-backward " \t")))
+            (setq column (max column (1+ (current-column))))
+            (forward-line 1)))
+      ;; Adjust upward to a tab column, if that doesn't push past the margin.
+      (if (> (% column tab-width) 0)
+          (let ((adjusted (* (/ (+ column tab-width -1) tab-width) tab-width)))
+            (if (< adjusted (window-width))
+                (setq column adjusted))))
+      ;; Don't modify blank lines at start of region.
+      (goto-char from)
+      (while (and (< (point) endmark) (eolp))
+        (forward-line 1))
+      ;; Add or remove backslashes on all the lines.
+      (while (and (< (point) endmark)
+                  ;; Don't backslashify the last line
+                  ;; if the region ends right at the start of the next line.
+                  (save-excursion
+                    (forward-line 1)
+                    (< (point) endmark)))
+        (if (not delete-flag)
+            (c-append-backslash column)
+          (c-delete-backslash))
+        (forward-line 1))
+      (move-marker endmark nil))))
+
+(defun c-append-backslash (column)
+  (end-of-line)
+  ;; Note that "\\\\" is needed to get one backslash.
+  (if (= (preceding-char) ?\\)
+      (progn (forward-char -1)
+             (delete-horizontal-space)
+             (indent-to column))
+    (indent-to column)
+    (insert "\\")))
+
+(defun c-delete-backslash ()
+  (end-of-line)
+  (or (bolp)
+      (progn
+	(forward-char -1)
+	(if (looking-at "\\\\")
+	    (delete-region (1+ (point))
+			   (progn (skip-chars-backward " \t") (point)))))))
+
+
+;; defuns for submitting bug reports
+
+(defconst c-version "4.282"
+  "cc-mode version number.")
+(defconst c-mode-help-address "bug-gnu-emacs@prep.ai.mit.edu"
+  "Address for cc-mode bug reports.")
+
+(defun c-version ()
+  "Echo the current version of cc-mode in the minibuffer."
+  (interactive)
+  (message "Using cc-mode version %s" c-version)
+  (c-keep-region-active))
+
+;; get reporter-submit-bug-report when byte-compiling
+(eval-when-compile
+  (require 'reporter))
+
+(defun c-submit-bug-report ()
+  "Submit via mail a bug report on cc-mode."
+  (interactive)
+  ;; load in reporter
+  (let ((reporter-prompt-for-summary-p t)
+	(reporter-dont-compact-list '(c-offsets-alist)))
+    (and
+     (if (y-or-n-p "Do you want to submit a report on cc-mode? ")
+	 t (message "") nil)
+     (require 'reporter)
+     (reporter-submit-bug-report
+      c-mode-help-address
+      (concat "cc-mode " c-version " ("
+	      (cond ((eq major-mode 'c++-mode)  "C++")
+		    ((eq major-mode 'c-mode)    "C")
+		    ((eq major-mode 'objc-mode) "ObjC")
+		    ((eq major-mode 'java-mode) "Java")
+		    )
+	      ")")
+      (let ((vars (list
+		   ;; report only the vars that affect indentation
+		   'c-basic-offset
+		   'c-offsets-alist
+		   'c-block-comments-indent-p
+		   'c-cleanup-list
+		   'c-comment-only-line-offset
+		   'c-backslash-column
+		   'c-delete-function
+		   'c-electric-pound-behavior
+		   'c-hanging-braces-alist
+		   'c-hanging-colons-alist
+		   'c-hanging-comment-ender-p
+		   'c-tab-always-indent
+		   'c-recognize-knr-p
+		   'defun-prompt-regexp
+		   'tab-width
+		   )))
+	(if (not (boundp 'defun-prompt-regexp))
+	    (delq 'defun-prompt-regexp vars)
+	  vars))
+      (function
+       (lambda ()
+	 (insert
+	  (if c-special-indent-hook
+	      (concat "\n@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@\n"
+		      "c-special-indent-hook is set to '"
+		      (format "%s" c-special-indent-hook)
+		      ".\nPerhaps this is your problem?\n"
+		      "@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@\n\n")
+	    "\n")
+	  (format "c-emacs-features: %s\n" c-emacs-features)
+	  )))
+      nil
+      "Dear Barry,"
+      ))))
+
+
+;; menus for XEmacs 19
+(defun c-popup-menu (e)
+  "Pops up the C/C++/ObjC menu."
+  (interactive "@e")
+  (popup-menu (cons (concat mode-name " Mode Commands") c-mode-menu))
+  (c-keep-region-active))
+    
+
+(defun c-copy-tree (tree)
+  ;; Lift XEmacs 19.12's copy-tree
+  (if (consp tree)
+      (cons (c-copy-tree (car tree))
+	    (c-copy-tree (cdr tree)))
+    (if (vectorp tree)
+	(let* ((new (copy-sequence tree))
+	       (i (1- (length new))))
+	  (while (>= i 0)
+	    (aset new i (c-copy-tree (aref new i)))
+	    (setq i (1- i)))
+	  new)
+      tree)))
+
+(defun c-mapcar-defun (var)
+  (let ((val (symbol-value var)))
+    (cons var (if (atom val) val
+		;; XEmacs 19.12 and Emacs 19 + lucid.el have this
+		(if (fboundp 'copy-tree)
+		    (copy-tree val)
+		  ;; Emacs 19 and Emacs 18
+		  (c-copy-tree val)
+		  )))
+    ))
+
+;; Dynamically append the default value of most variables. This is
+;; crucial because future c-set-style calls will always reset the
+;; variables first to the `cc-mode' style before instituting the new
+;; style.  Only do this once!
+(or (assoc "cc-mode" c-style-alist)
+    (progn
+      (c-add-style "cc-mode"
+		   (mapcar 'c-mapcar-defun
+			   '(c-backslash-column
+			     c-basic-offset
+			     c-block-comments-indent-p
+			     c-cleanup-list
+			     c-comment-only-line-offset
+			     c-echo-syntactic-information-p
+			     c-electric-pound-behavior
+			     c-hanging-braces-alist
+			     c-hanging-colons-alist
+			     c-hanging-comment-ender-p
+			     c-offsets-alist
+			     c-recognize-knr-p
+			     c-strict-syntax-p
+			     c-tab-always-indent
+			     c-inhibit-startup-warnings-p
+			     )))
+      ;; the default style is now GNU.  This can be overridden in
+      ;; c-mode-common-hook or {c,c++,objc}-mode-hook.
+      (c-set-style c-site-default-style)))
+
+;; style variables
+(make-variable-buffer-local 'c-offsets-alist)
+(make-variable-buffer-local 'c-basic-offset)
+(make-variable-buffer-local 'c-file-style)
+(make-variable-buffer-local 'c-file-offsets)
+(make-variable-buffer-local 'c-comment-only-line-offset)
+(make-variable-buffer-local 'c-block-comments-indent-p)
+(make-variable-buffer-local 'c-cleanup-list)
+(make-variable-buffer-local 'c-hanging-braces-alist)
+(make-variable-buffer-local 'c-hanging-colons-alist)
+(make-variable-buffer-local 'c-hanging-comment-ender-p)
+(make-variable-buffer-local 'c-backslash-column)
+
+
+
+;; fsets for compatibility with BOCM
+(fset 'electric-c-brace      'c-electric-brace)
+(fset 'electric-c-semi       'c-electric-semi&comma)
+(fset 'electric-c-sharp-sign 'c-electric-pound)
+;; there is no cc-mode equivalent for electric-c-terminator
+(fset 'mark-c-function       'c-mark-function)
+(fset 'indent-c-exp          'c-indent-exp)
+(fset 'set-c-style           'c-set-style)
+;; Lucid Emacs 19.9 + font-lock + cc-mode - c++-mode lossage
+(fset 'c++-beginning-of-defun 'beginning-of-defun)
+(fset 'c++-end-of-defun 'end-of-defun)
+
+;; set up bc warnings for obsolete variables, but for now lets not
+;; worry about obsolete functions.  maybe later some will be important
+;; to flag
+(and (memq 'v19 c-emacs-features)
+     (let* ((na "Nothing appropriate.")
+	    (vars
+	     (list
+	      (cons 'c++-c-mode-syntax-table 'c-mode-syntax-table)
+	      (cons 'c++-tab-always-indent 'c-tab-always-indent)
+	      (cons 'c++-always-arglist-indent-p na)
+	      (cons 'c++-block-close-brace-offset 'c-offsets-alist)
+	      (cons 'c++-paren-as-block-close-p na)
+	      (cons 'c++-continued-member-init-offset 'c-offsets-alist)
+	      (cons 'c++-member-init-indent 'c-offsets-alist)
+	      (cons 'c++-friend-offset na)
+	      (cons 'c++-access-specifier-offset 'c-offsets-alist)
+	      (cons 'c++-empty-arglist-indent 'c-offsets-alist)
+	      (cons 'c++-comment-only-line-offset 'c-comment-only-line-offset)
+	      (cons 'c++-C-block-comments-indent-p 'c-block-comments-indent-p)
+	      (cons 'c++-cleanup-list 'c-cleanup-list)
+	      (cons 'c++-hanging-braces 'c-hanging-braces-alist)
+	      (cons 'c++-hanging-member-init-colon 'c-hanging-colons-alist)
+	      (cons 'c++-auto-hungry-initial-state
+		    "Use `c-auto-newline' and `c-hungry-delete-key' instead.")
+	      (cons 'c++-auto-hungry-toggle na)
+	      (cons 'c++-relative-offset-p na)
+	      (cons 'c++-special-indent-hook 'c-special-indent-hook)
+	      (cons 'c++-delete-function 'c-delete-function)
+	      (cons 'c++-electric-pound-behavior 'c-electric-pound-behavior)
+	      (cons 'c++-hungry-delete-key 'c-hungry-delete-key)
+	      (cons 'c++-auto-newline 'c-auto-newline)
+	      (cons 'c++-match-header-strongly na)
+	      (cons 'c++-defun-header-strong-struct-equivs na)
+	      (cons 'c++-version 'c-version)
+	      (cons 'c++-mode-help-address 'c-mode-help-address)
+	      (cons 'c-indent-level 'c-basic-offset)
+	      (cons 'c-brace-imaginary-offset na)
+	      (cons 'c-brace-offset 'c-offsets-alist)
+	      (cons 'c-argdecl-indent 'c-offsets-alist)
+	      (cons 'c-label-offset 'c-offsets-alist)
+	      (cons 'c-continued-statement-offset 'c-offsets-alist)
+	      (cons 'c-continued-brace-offset 'c-offsets-alist)
+	      (cons 'c-default-macroize-column 'c-backslash-column)
+	      (cons 'c++-default-macroize-column 'c-backslash-column)
+	      )))
+       (mapcar
+	(function
+	 (lambda (elt)
+	   (make-obsolete-variable (car elt) (cdr elt))))
+	vars)))
+
+(provide 'cc-mode)
+;;; cc-mode.el ends here