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@@ -0,0 +1,814 @@
+% -*- mode:LaTeX; eval:(setq LaTeX-version "2"); truncate-lines:t; -*-
+% include file for the Gnus refcard and booklet
+\def\version{5.4.56}
+\def\date{12 June 1997}
+\def\author{Vladimir Alexiev $<$vladimir@cs.ualberta.ca$>$}
+\raggedbottom\raggedright
+\newlength{\logowidth}\setlength{\logowidth}{6.861in}
+\newlength{\logoheight}\setlength{\logoheight}{7.013in}
+\newlength{\keycolwidth}
+\newenvironment{keys}[1]% #1 is the widest key
+  {\nopagebreak%\noindent%
+   \settowidth{\keycolwidth}{#1}%
+   \addtolength{\keycolwidth}{\tabcolsep}%
+   \addtolength{\keycolwidth}{-\columnwidth}%
+   \begin{tabular}{@{}l@{\hspace{\tabcolsep}}p{-\keycolwidth}@{}}}%
+  {\end{tabular}\\}
+\catcode`\^=12 % allow ^ to be typed literally
+\catcode`\~=12 % allow ~ to be typed literally
+\newcommand{\B}[1]{{\bf#1})}    % bold l)etter
+
+\def\Title{
+\begin{center}
+{\bf\LARGE Gnus \version\ Reference \Guide\\}
+%{\normalsize \Guide\ version \refver}
+\end{center}
+}
+
+\newcommand\Logo[1]{\centerline{
+\makebox[\logoscale\logowidth][l]{\vbox to \logoscale\logoheight
+{\vfill\special{psfile=gnuslogo.#1}}\vspace{-\baselineskip}}}}
+
+\def\CopyRight{
+\begin{center}
+Copyright \copyright\ 1995 Free Software Foundation, Inc.\\*
+Copyright \copyright\ 1995-97 \author.\\*
+Created from the Gnus manual Copyright \copyright\ 1994-97 Lars Magne
+Ingebrigtsen.\\*
+and the Emacs Help Bindings feature (C-h b).\\*
+Gnus logo copyright \copyright\ 1995 Luis Fernandes.\\*
+\end{center}
+
+Permission is granted to make and distribute copies of this reference
+\guide{} provided the copyright notice and this permission are preserved on
+all copies.  Please send corrections, additions and suggestions to the
+above email address. \Guide{} last edited on \date.
+}
+
+\def\Notes{\subsec{Notes}{\samepage
+Gnus is big. Currently it has some 633 interactive (user-callable)
+commands. Many of these commands have more than one binding. In order to save
+space, every function is listed only once in this \guide, under the ``more
+logical'' binding. Alternative bindings are given in parentheses at the
+beginning of the description. This \guide{} describes only key-bindings, you
+{\em should\/} at least browse the manual to discover many great features
+
+Many Gnus commands use the numeric prefix. Normally you enter a prefix by
+holding the Meta key and typing a number, but in most Gnus modes you don't
+need to use Meta since the digits are not self-inserting. The prefixed
+behavior of commands is given in [brackets]. Often the prefix is used to
+specify:
+
+\quad [distance] How many objects to move the point over.
+
+\quad [scope] How many objects to operate on (including the current one).
+
+\quad [p/p] The ``Process/Prefix Convention'': If a prefix is given then it
+determines how many objects to operate on (negative means backwards). Else if
+transient-mark-mode or zmacs-regions is set and the region is active, operate
+on the region. Else if there are some objects marked with the process mark \#,
+operated on them. Else operate only on the current object.
+
+\quad [level] A group subscribedness level. Only groups with a lower or
+equal level will be affected by the operation. If no prefix is given,
+`gnus-group-default-list-level' is used.  If
+`gnus-group-use-permanent-levels', then a prefix to the `g' and `l'
+commands will also set the default level.
+
+\quad [score] An article score. If no prefix is given,
+`gnus-summary-default-score' is used.
+
+\quad [GL rating] Give a GroupLens rating (1-5) to the current article before
+moving to another article. 
+
+%Some functions were not yet documented at the time of creating this
+%\guide and are clearly indicated as such.
+}}
+
+\def\GroupLevels{\subsec{Group Subscribedness Levels}{\samepage
+The table below assumes that you use the default Gnus levels.
+Fill your user-specific levels in the blank cells.\\*
+\begin{tabular}{|c|l|l|}
+\hline
+Level & Groups & Status \\
+\hline
+1 & mail groups                &              \\
+2 & mail groups                &              \\
+3 & default subscribed level   & subscribed   \\
+4 &                            &              \\
+5 & default list level         &              \\
+\hline
+6 & default unsubscribed level & unsubscribed \\
+7 &                            &              \\
+\hline             
+8 &                            & zombies      \\
+\hline             
+9 &                            & killed       \\
+\hline
+\end{tabular}
+}}
+
+\def\Marks{\subsec{Mark Indication Characters}{\samepage
+If a command directly sets a mark, it is shown in parentheses.\\*
+\newlength{\markcolwidth}
+\settowidth{\markcolwidth}{` '}% widest character
+\addtolength{\markcolwidth}{4\tabcolsep}
+\addtolength{\markcolwidth}{-\columnwidth}
+\newlength{\markdblcolwidth}
+\setlength{\markdblcolwidth}{\columnwidth}
+\addtolength{\markdblcolwidth}{-2\tabcolsep}
+\begin{tabular}{|c|p{-\markcolwidth}|}
+\hline
+\multicolumn{2}{|p{\markdblcolwidth}|}
+{{\bf ``Read'' Marks.}
+  All these marks appear in the first column of the summary line, and so
+  are mutually exclusive.}\\ 
+\hline
+` ' & (M-u, M SPC, M c) Not read.\\
+!   & (!, M t) Ticked (interesting).\\ %(M !)
+?   & (?, M ?) Dormant (only followups are interesting).\\
+E   & (E, M e) {\bf Expirable}. Only has effect in mail groups.\\ %(M x)
+\hline\hline
+\multicolumn{2}{|p{\markdblcolwidth}|}{The marks below mean that the article
+  is read (killed, uninteresting), and have more or less the same effect.
+  Some commands however explicitly differentiate between them (e.g.{} M
+  M-C-r, adaptive scoring).}\\
+\hline
+r   & (d, M d, M r) Deleted (marked as {\bf read}).\\
+C   & (M C; M C-c; M H; c, Z c; Z n; Z C) Killed by {\bf catch-up}.\\
+F   & (O s; G s b) SOUPed.\\
+G   & (S C, C) Canceled (only for your own articles).\\
+O   & {\bf Old} (marked read in a previous session).\\
+K   & (k, M k; C-k, M K) {\bf Killed}.\\
+M   & Marked by duplicate elimination.\\
+Q   & Divined through the building of sparse threads.\\
+R   & {\bf Read} (actually viewed).\\
+X   & Killed by a kill file.\\
+Y   & Killed due to low score.\\
+\hline
+%\multicolumn{2}{c}{\vspace{0.2ex}}\\
+\hline
+\multicolumn{2}{|p{\markdblcolwidth}|}
+{{\bf Other marks}}\\
+\hline
+\#  & (\#, M P p) Processable (will be affected by the next operation).\\ %(M \#)
+*   & (*) Persistent (or cached for some other reason).\\
+A   & {\bf Answered} (followed-up or replied).\\
+S   & (O {\bf x}) {\bf Saved}.\\
++   & Over default score.\\
+$-$ & Under default score.\\
+=   & Has children (thread underneath it). Add `\%e' to `gnus-summary-line-format'.\\
+\hline
+\end{tabular}
+}}
+
+\def\General{\sec{(H) General and Help Commands}{\samepage
+These commands work everywhere.
+\begin{keys}{C-c C-i}
+C-c C-i & Go to the Gnus on-line {\bf info}.\\
+C-c C-b & Send a Gnus {\bf bug} report.\\
+\end{keys}
+
+These commands work in Summary mode, and most also work in Group mode.\\*
+\begin{keys}{H d}
+H d     & (C-c C-d) {\bf Describe} this group. [Prefix: re-read the description
+from the server.]\\ 
+H f     & Try to fetch the {\bf FAQ} for this group using ange-ftp.\\
+H h     & Give a very short {\bf help} message.\\
+H i     & (C-c C-i) Go to the Gnus online {\bf info}.\\
+H v     & Display the Gnus {\bf version} number.\\
+\end{keys}}}
+
+\def\GroupMode{\sec{Group Mode}
+\begin{keys}{C-c M-C-x}
+RET     & (=) Select this group [Prefix: how many (read) articles to fetch.
+          Positive: newest articles, negative: oldest ones, C-u: ask number]. 
+          Also: fold/unfold a topic.\\ 
+SPC     & Select this group and display the first unread article [Same
+          prefix as above]. Also: fold/unfold a topic.\\ 
+M-RET   & Select this group quickly (no scoring, expunging, etc).\\
+M-SPC   & Select this group, and don't hide dormant articles.\\
+M-C-RET & Select this group ephemerally: no processing and no permanent effect.\\
+?       & Give a very short help message.\\
+$<$     & Go to the beginning of the Group buffer.\\
+$>$     & Go to the end of the Group buffer.\\
+,       & Jump to the lowest-level group with unread articles.\\
+.       & Jump to the first group with unread articles.\\
+^       & Enter the Server buffer mode.\\
+a       & Post an {\bf article} to a group.\\
+b       & Find {\bf bogus} groups and delete them.\\
+c       & Mark all unticked articles in this group as read ({\bf catch-up}).
+[p/p]\\ 
+g       & Check the server for new articles ({\bf get}). [level]\\
+j       & {\bf Jump} to a specified group (may even be killed).\\
+m       & {\bf Mail} a message to someone.\\
+n       & Go to the {\bf next} group with unread articles. [distance]\\
+p       & (DEL) Go to the {\bf previous} group with unread articles.
+[distance]\\ 
+q       & {\bf Quit} Gnus. M-x gnus-unload to remove it from memory.\\
+r       & {\bf Re-read} the init file `.gnus'.\\
+s       & {\bf Save} the `.newsrc.eld' file (and `.newsrc' if
+`gnus-save-newsrc-file').\\ 
+t       & Toggle {\bf Topic} mode. A topic is a hierarchy of groups.\\
+z       & Suspend Gnus (kill all buffers except the Group buffer).\\
+B       & {\bf Browse} a foreign server (specify method and name).\\
+C       & Mark all articles in this group as read ({\bf Catch-up}). [p/p]\\
+F       & {\bf Find} new groups and process them. [Prefix: ask-server]\\
+N       & Go to the {\bf next} group. [distance]\\
+P       & Go to the {\bf previous} group. [distance]\\
+Q       & {\bf Quit} Gnus without saving any .newsrc files.\\
+R       & {\bf Restart} Gnus.\\
+V       & Display the Gnus {\bf version} number.\\
+W f     & {\bf Flush} the score caches of all groups.\\
+Z       & Clear the dribble buffer.\\
+C-c C-s & {\bf Sort} the groups according to `gnus-group-sort-function'.\\
+C-c C-x & Run all expirable articles in this group through the {\bf expiry} 
+process.\\
+C-c M-C-x & Run all articles in all groups through the {\bf expiry} process.\\
+C-c M-g & Activate absolutely all groups.\\
+C-x C-t & {\bf Transpose} two groups.\\
+M-\&    & Execute a command on all process-marked groups.\\
+M-c     & {\bf Clear} this group's data (read and other marks). [p/p]
+Use M-x gnus-group-clear-data-on-native-groups to clear all data if you change
+servers and article numbers don't match. Or use
+M-x gnus-change-server to renumber the articles, but it is slow.\\
+\end{keys}
+\begin{keys}{C-c M-C-x}
+\newlength{\keywidth}\settowidth{\keywidth}{C-c M-C-x}%
+\makebox[\keywidth][l]%
+{M-d}   & {\bf Describe} {\em all\/} groups. [Prefix: re-read the description
+from the server]\\
+M-f     & Fetch this group's {\bf FAQ} (using ange-ftp).\\
+M-g     & Check the server for new articles in this group ({\bf get}). [p/p]\\
+M-n     & Go to the {\bf previous} unread group on the same or lower level.
+[distance]\\ 
+M-p     & Go to the {\bf next} unread group on the same or lower level.
+[distance]\\ 
+\end{keys}}
+
+\def\ListGroups{\subsec{(A) List Groups}{\samepage
+\begin{keys}{A m}
+A a     & (C-c C-a) List all groups whose names match a regexp ({\bf
+apropos}).\\ 
+A d     & List all groups whose names or {\bf descriptions} match a regexp.\\ 
+A k     & List all {\bf killed} groups. [Prefix: all groups but [un]subscribed]\\ % (C-c C-l)
+A l     & List unread groups on a specific {\bf level}. [Prefix: also read groups]\\
+A m     & List groups that {\bf match} a regexp and have unread articles.
+[level]\\ 
+A s     & (l) List {\bf subscribed} groups with unread articles. [level]\\
+A u     & (L) List all groups (including {\bf unsubscribed}). [level, default 7]\\ 
+A z     & List the {\bf zombie} groups.\\
+A A     & List all available {\bf active} groups on all servers (may be slow).\\
+A M     & List groups that {\bf match} a regexp.\\
+A T     & List all active groups arranged in {\bf topics}.\\
+\end{keys}}}
+
+\def\CreateGroups{\subsec{(G) Create/Edit Foreign Groups}{\samepage
+The select methods are indicated in parentheses.\\*
+\begin{keys}{G DEL}
+G DEL   & {\bf Delete} this group. [Prefix: delete {\bf all} articles too]\\
+G a     & Make the Gnus list {\bf archive} group. (nndir over ange-ftp)\\
+G c     & {\bf Customize} this group's parameters.\\
+G d     & Make a {\bf directory} group (every file a posting with numeric name). (nndir)\\
+G e     & {\bf Edit} this group's select method.\\ % (M-e)
+G f     & Make a group based on a {\bf file}. (nndoc: mbox, babyl, digest,
+          mmdf, news, rnews, clari-briefs, rfc934, rfc822, forward) [Prefix: 
+          don't guess the type]\\
+G h     & Make the Gnus {\bf help} (documentation/tutorial) group. (nndoc)\\
+G k     & Make a {\bf kiboze} group (specify name, groups, regexps). (nnkiboze)\\
+G m     & {\bf Make} a new group (specify name, method, address).\\
+G p     & Edit this group/topic's {\bf parameters}.\\
+G r     & {\bf Rename} this group (only for mail groups).\\
+G v     & Add this group to a {\bf virtual} group. [p/p]\\
+G w     & Make a {\bf web}-based group. (nnweb: dejanews, altavista,
+          reference) [Prefix: permanent group]\\
+G D     & Enter a {\bf directory} as a temporary group. (nneething without
+recording read marks.)\\
+G E     & {\bf Edit} this group's info (select method, articles read, etc).\\
+G V     & Make an empty {\bf virtual} group. (nnvirtual)\\
+\end{keys}
+You can also create mail-groups and read your mail with Gnus (very useful
+if you are subscribed to any mailing lists), using one of the methods
+nnmbox, nnbabyl, nnml, nnmh, or nnfolder. Read about it in the online info
+(C-c C-i g Reading Mail RET).
+}}
+
+\def\SortGroups{\subsubsec{(G S) Sort Groups}{\samepage
+To sort by multiple criteria, first apply the less significant ones, last the
+most significant one.\\*
+\begin{keys}{G P \bf x}
+G S a     & Sort {\bf Alphabetically} by group name. [Prefix: reverse order]\\
+G S l     & Sort by {\bf level}. [Prefix: reverse order]\\
+G S m     & Sort by {\bf method} name. [Prefix: reverse order]\\
+G S r     & Sort by rank (level and score). [Prefix: reverse order]\\
+G S u     & Sort by number of {\bf unread} articles. [Prefix: reverse order]\\
+G S v     & Sort by group score ({\bf value}). [Prefix: reverse order]\\
+\end{keys}
+Here {\bf x} can be any one of a,l,m,r,u,v:\\*
+\begin{keys}{G P \bf x}
+G P \bf x & Sort only the groups selected by [p/p].\\
+T S \bf x & Sort only the current topic.\\
+\end{keys}
+}}
+
+\def\SOUP{\subsubsec{(G s) SOUP Commands}{\samepage
+SOUP is a protocol for putting many articles/replies in a packet, transferring
+them in bulk and reading/composing them off-line. Use the following commands to
+manipulate the packets, and use the nnsoup method to read.\\*
+\begin{keys}{G s w}
+G s b   & Pack all unread articles ({\bf brew} soup). [p/p]\\
+G s p   & {\bf Pack} all SOUP data files into a SOUP packet.\\
+G s r   & Pack all {\bf replies} into a replies packet.\\
+G s s   & {\bf Send} all replies you put in the replies packet.\\
+G s w   & {\bf Write} all SOUP data files.\\
+\end{keys}}}
+
+\def\MarkGroups{\subsec{(M) Mark Groups}{\samepage
+\begin{keys}{M m}
+M b     & Set the process mark on all groups in the {\bf buffer}.\\
+M r     & Mark all groups matching a {\bf regexp}.\\
+M m     & (\#) {\bf Mark} this group. [scope]\\
+M u     & (M-\#) {\bf Unmark} this group. [scope]\\ 
+M w     & Mark all groups in the current region.\\
+M U     & {\bf Unmark} all groups in the buffer.\\
+\end{keys}}}
+
+\def\Unsubscribe{\subsec{(S) (Un)subscribe, Kill and Yank Groups}{\samepage
+\begin{keys}{S C-k}
+S C-k   & {\bf Kill} all groups on a certain level.\\
+S k     & (C-k) {\bf Kill} this group/ topic (and all its groups).\\
+S l     & Set the {\bf level} of this group. [p/p]\\
+S s     & (U) Prompt for a group and toggle its {\bf subscription}.\\
+S t     & (u) {\bf Toggle} subscription to this group. [p/p]\\
+S w     & (C-w) Kill all groups in the region.\\
+S y     & (C-y) {\bf Yank} the last killed group/topic.\\
+S z     & Kill all {\bf zombie} groups.\\
+\end{keys}}}
+
+\def\GroupTopics{\subsec{(T) Group Topics}{\samepage
+Topics are hierarchical arrangements of groups with the purpose of easier
+reading and management.
+\begin{keys}{T TAB}
+T TAB   & Indent this topic to become a sub-topic of the previous one. 
+          [Prefix: un-dent]\\
+T DEL   & {\bf Delete} an empty topic.\\
+T \#    & Mark all groups in this topic with the process mark.\\
+T M-\#  & Unmark all groups in this topic with the process mark.\\
+T c     & {\bf Copy} this group to another topic. [p/p]\\
+T h     & Toggle the {\bf hiding} of empty topics.\\
+T m     & {\bf Move} this group to another topic. [p/p]\\
+T n     & Create a {\bf new} topic.\\
+T r     & {\bf Rename} a topic.\\
+T C     & {\bf Copy} all groups that match a regexp to a topic.\\
+T D     & {\bf Delete} this group from this topic. [p/p]\\
+T M     & {\bf Move} all groups that match a regexp to a topic.\\
+\end{keys}}}
+
+\def\SummaryMode{\sec{Summary Mode}{\samepage
+\begin{keys}{M-C-d}
+SPC     & Select an article, scroll it one page, move to the next one.\\  
+%(A SPC, A n)
+DEL     & (b) Scroll this article one page back.  [distance]\\ %(A DEL, A p)
+RET     & Scroll this article one line forward. [distance]\\
+=       & Expand the Summary window. [Prefix: shrink it to display the
+Article window]\\
+$<$     & (A $<$) Scroll to the beginning of this article.\\ %(A b)
+$>$     & (A $>$) Scroll to the end of this article.\\ %(A e)
+\&      & Execute a command on all articles matching a regexp. 
+[Prefix: move backwards.]\\
+k       & Give a GroupLens {\bf rating} (1-5) to this thread.\\ 
+r       & Give a GroupLens {\bf rating} (1-5) to this article.\\ 
+Y g     & Re{\bf generate} the summary buffer.\\
+Y c     & Pull all {\bf cached} articles into the summary.\\
+C-t     & Toggle {\bf truncation} of summary lines.\\
+C-d     & Un-{\bf digestify} this article into a separate group.\\ %(A D)
+M-C-d   & Un-{\bf digestify} all selected articles into one group. [p/p]\\
+M-\&    & Execute a command on all articles having the process mark.\\
+M-k     & Edit this group's {\bf kill} file.\\
+M-r     & Search through previous articles for a regexp.\\
+M-s     & {\bf Search} through subsequent articles for a regexp.\\
+M-K     & Edit the general {\bf kill} file.\\
+\end{keys}}}
+
+\def\SortSummary{\subsec{(C-c C-s) Sort the Summary}{\samepage
+In thread mode, these commands sort only the thread roots.\\*
+\begin{keys}{C-c C-s C-a}
+C-c C-s C-a & Sort the summary by {\bf author}.\\
+C-c C-s C-d & Sort the summary by {\bf date}.\\
+C-c C-s C-i & Sort the summary by article score.\\
+C-c C-s C-l & Sort the summary by number of {\bf lines}.\\
+C-c C-s C-n & Sort the summary by article {\bf number}.\\
+C-c C-s C-s & Sort the summary by {\bf subject}.\\
+\end{keys}}}
+
+\def\Article{\subsec{(A) Article Commands}{\samepage
+\begin{keys}{A m}
+A g  & (g) (Re){\bf get} this article. [Prefix: don't do any processing]\\ 
+A r  & (^) Go to the parent of this article ({\bf References} header).
+[Prefix: how many ancestors back; negative: only the $n$-th ancestor]\\ %(A ^)
+M-^  & Go to the article with a given Message-ID.\\
+A s  & (s) Perform an i{\bf search} in the article buffer.\\
+A P  & {\bf Print} the article as postscript.\\
+A R  & Fetch all ancestors ({\bf References}) of this article.\\
+\end{keys}}}
+
+\def\MailGroup{\subsec{(B) Mail-Group Commands}{\samepage
+These commands (except `B c') are only valid in a mail group.\\*
+\begin{keys}{B M-C-e}
+B DEL   & {\bf Delete} the mail article from disk. [p/p]\\
+B c     & {\bf Copy} this article from any group to a mail group. [p/p]\\
+B e     & {\bf Expire} all expirable articles in this group. [p/p]\\
+B i     & {\bf Import} any file into this mail group (give From and Subject).\\
+B m     & {\bf Move} the article from one mail group to another. [p/p]\\
+B p     & Check if a courtesy copy of a message was also {\bf posted}.\\
+B q     & {\bf Query} where would the article go if respooled.\\
+B r     & {\bf Respool} this mail article. [p/p]\\
+B w     & (e) Edit this mail article.\\
+B M-C-e & {\bf Expunge} (from disk) all expirable articles in this group. [p/p]\\ 
+B C     & {\bf Crosspost} this article to another group.\\
+\end{keys}}}
+
+\def\GotoArticle{\subsec{(G) Go To Article}{\samepage
+These commands select the target article. They do not understand the prefix.\\*
+\begin{keys}{G C-n}
+G b     & (,) Go to the {\bf best} article (the one with highest score). [GL rating]\\
+G f     & (.) Go to the {\bf first} unread article.\\
+G g     & Ask for an article number and then {\bf go to} to that summary
+line.\\ 
+G j     & (j) Ask for an article number and then {\bf jump} to that article.\\ 
+G l     & (l) Go to the {\bf last} article read.\\
+G o     & Pop an article off the summary history and go to it.\\
+G n     & (n) Go to the {\bf next} unread article. [GL rating]\\
+G p     & (p) Go to the {\bf previous} unread article.\\
+G N     & (N) Go to {\bf the} next article.\\
+G P     & (P) Go to the {\bf previous} article.\\
+G C-n   & (M-C-n) Go to the {\bf next} article with the same subject.\\
+G C-p   & (M-C-p) Go to the {\bf previous} article with the same subject.\\
+G M-n   & (M-n) Go to the {\bf next} summary line of an unread article.
+[distance]\\ 
+G M-p   & (M-p) Go to the {\bf previous} summary line of an unread article. 
+[distance]\\ 
+\end{keys}}}
+
+\def\MarkArticles{\subsec{(M) Mark Articles}{\samepage
+\begin{keys}{M M-C-r}
+d       & (M d, M r) Mark this article as {\bf read} ({\bf delete} it) 
+and move to the next one. [scope]\\ 
+D       & Mark this article as read and move to the previous one. [scope]\\
+u       & (!, M t) {\bf Tick} this article (mark it as interesting)
+and move to the next one. [scope]\\ %(M !)
+U       & Tick this article and move to the previous one. [scope]\\ 
+M-u     & (M SPC, M c) {\bf Clear} all marks from this article 
+and move to the next one. [scope]\\ 
+M-U     & Clear all marks from this article and move to the previous one.
+[scope]\\ 
+M ?     & (?) Mark this article as dormant (only followups are
+interesting). [scope]\\ 
+*       & Make this article persistent. [p/p]\\
+M-*     & Make this article non-persistent (and delete it). [p/p]\\
+M b     & Set a {\bf bookmark} in this article.\\
+M e     & (E) Mark this article as {\bf expirable}. [scope]\\ %(M x)
+M k     & (k) {\bf Kill} all articles with the same subject then select the
+next one.\\ 
+M B     & Remove the {\bf bookmark} from this article.\\
+M C     & {\bf Catch-up} (mark read) the articles that are not ticked.\\
+M D     & Show all {\bf dormant} articles (normally they are hidden unless they
+have any followups).\\
+M H     & Catch-up (mark read) this group to point ({\bf here}).\\
+M K     & (C-k) {\bf Kill} all articles with the same subject as this one.\\
+C-w     & Mark all articles between point and mark as read.\\
+M S     & (C-c M-C-s) {\bf Show} all expunged articles.\\
+M C-c   & {\bf Catch-up} all articles in this group.\\
+M M-r   & (x) Expunge all {\bf read} articles from this group.\\
+M M-D   & Hide all {\bf dormant} articles.\\
+M M-C-r & Expunge all articles having a given mark.\\
+\end{keys}}}
+
+\def\MarkScore{\subsubsec{(M V) Mark Based on Score (Value)}{\samepage
+\begin{keys}{M s m}
+M V c   & {\bf Clear} all marks from all high-scored articles. [score]\\
+M V k   & {\bf Kill} all low-scored articles. [score]\\
+M V m   & Mark all high-scored articles with a given {\bf mark}. [score]\\
+M V u   & Mark all high-scored articles as interesting (tick them). [score]\\
+\end{keys}}}
+
+\def\ProcessMark{\subsubsec{(M P) The Process Mark}{\samepage 
+These commands set and remove the process mark \#. You only need to use
+it if the set of articles you want to operate on is non-contiguous. Else
+use a numeric prefix.\\*
+\begin{keys}{M P R}
+M P a   & Mark {\bf all} articles (in series order).\\
+M P b   & Mark all articles in the order they appear in the {\bf buffer}.\\
+M P i   & {\bf Invert} all process marks.\\
+M P k   & Push all marks on a stack then {\bf kill} them.\\
+M P p   & (\#) Mark this article.\\  %(M \#)
+M P r   & Mark all articles in the {\bf region}.\\
+M P s   & Mark all articles in the current {\bf series}.\\
+M P t   & Mark all articles in this (sub){\bf thread}.\\
+M P u   & (M-\#) {\bf Unmark} this article.\\ %(M M-\#)
+M P v   & Mark all high-scored articles ({\bf value}). [score]\\
+M P w   & Push all marks on a stack.\\
+M P y   & {\bf Yank} and restore a mark set from the stack after `M P y', 
+`M P w' or an operation that cleared the marks.\\
+M P R   & Mark all articles matching a {\bf regexp}.\\
+M P S   & Mark all {\bf series} that already contain a marked article.\\
+M P T   & Unmark all articles in this (sub){\bf thread}.\\
+M P U   & {\bf Unmark} all articles.\\
+\end{keys}}}
+
+\def\OutputArticles{\subsec{(O) Output Articles}{\samepage
+\begin{keys}{O m}
+O b     & Save the article {\bf body} in a plain file. [p/p]\\
+O f     & Save this article in a plain {\bf file}. [p/p]\\
+O h     & Save this article in {\bf mh} folder format. [p/p]\\
+O m     & Save this article in {\bf mail} format. [p/p]\\
+O o     & (o, C-o) Save this article using the default article saver. [p/p]\\
+O p     & ($\mid$) Pipe this article to a shell command. [p/p]\\ 
+O r     & Save this article in {\bf rmail} format. [p/p]\\
+O s     & Add this article to a {\bf SOUP} packet. [p/p]\\
+O v     & Save this article in {\bf vm} format. [p/p]\\
+O F     & Save this article as plain {\bf file} and overwrite any existing file. [p/p]\\
+\end{keys}}}
+
+\def\Send{\subsec{(S) Post, Followup, Reply, Forward, Cancel}{\samepage
+These commands put you in a separate Message buffer. After editing the
+article, send it by pressing C-c C-c.  If you are in a foreign group and want
+to post the article using the foreign server, give a prefix to C-c C-c.
+Set `gnus-post-method' to `nngateway' if your server cannot post [temporarily]
+and you wan to post through a mail-to-news gateway.\\* 
+\begin{keys}{S O m}
+S b     & {\bf Both} post a followup to this article, and send a reply.\\
+S c     & (C) {\bf Cancel} this article (only works if it is your own).\\
+S f     & (f) Post a {\bf followup} to this article.\\
+S m     & (m) Send a {\bf mail} to someone.\\
+S n     & Followup in a {\bf newsgroup} to a message you got through mail.\\
+S o m   & (C-c C-f) Forward this article by {\bf mail} to a person. 
+[Prefix: include full headers]\\
+S o p   & Forward this article as a {\bf post} to a newsgroup.\\
+S p     & (a) {\bf Post} an article to this group.\\
+S r     & (r) Mail a {\bf reply} to the author of this article.\\
+S s     & {\bf Supersede} this article with a new one (only for own articles).\\ 
+S u     & {\bf Uuencode} a file, split it into series and post it.\\
+S w     & Mail a {\bf wide} reply to the author and the recipients of this
+article.\\
+S B     & {\bf Both} post a followup, send a reply, and include the
+original. [p/p]\\ 
+S D b   & Resend a {\bf bounced} mail after fixing the recipient address.
+[Prefix: display the headers of the message this one is a reply to]\\
+S D r   & {\bf Resend} this message to another of your addresses.\\
+S F     & (F) Post a {\bf followup} and include the original. [p/p]\\
+S N     & Followup in a {\bf newsgroup} to a mail message and include the
+original [p/p].\\ 
+S O m   & Digest these series and forward by {\bf mail}. [p/p]\\
+S O p   & Digest these series and forward as a {\bf post} to a newsgroup.
+[p/p]\\ 
+S R     & (R) Mail a {\bf reply} and include the original. [p/p]\\
+S W     & Mail a {\bf wide} reply and include the original. [p/p]\\
+S M-c   & Send a {\bf complaint} about excessive {\bf crossposting}. [p/p]\\
+\end{keys}
+If you want to cancel or supersede an article you just posted (before it
+has appeared on the server), go to the *sent \ldots* buffer, change
+`Message-ID' to `Cancel' or `Supersedes' and send it again with C-c C-c.
+}}
+
+\def\Thread{\subsec{(T) Thread Commands}{\samepage
+\begin{keys}{T M-\#}
+T ^     & Make this article child of the previous or precess-marked one.\\
+T \#    & Mark this (sub)thread with the process mark.\\
+T M-\#  & Remove the process mark from this (sub)thread.\\
+T d     & Move {\bf down} this thread. [distance]\\
+T h     & {\bf Hide} this (sub)thread.\\
+T i     & {\bf Increase} the score of this thread.\\
+T k     & (M-C-k) {\bf Kill} the current (sub)thread. [Prefix:
+negative--tick, positive--unmark]\\
+T l     & (M-C-l) {\bf Lower} the score of this thread.\\
+T n     & (M-C-f) Go to the {\bf next} thread. [distance]\\
+T o     & Go to the {\bf top} of this thread.\\
+T p     & (M-C-b) Go to the {\bf previous} thread. [distance]\\
+T s     & {\bf Show} the thread hidden under this article.\\
+T t     & Re-{\bf thread} this thread.\\
+T u     & Move {\bf up} this thread. [distance]\\
+T H     & {\bf Hide} all threads.\\
+T S     & {\bf Show} all hidden threads.\\
+T T     & (M-C-t) {\bf Toggle} threading.\\
+\end{keys}}}
+
+\def\Score{\subsec{(V) Score (Value) Commands}{\samepage
+Read about Adaptive Scoring in the online info.\\*
+\begin{keys}{\bf A p m l}
+V a     & {\bf Add} a new score entry, specifying all elements.\\
+V c     & Select a new score file as {\bf current}.\\
+V e     & {\bf Edit} the current score file.\\
+V f     & Edit a score {\bf file} and make it the current one.\\
+V m     & {\bf Mark} all articles below a given score as read [score].\\
+V s     & {\bf Set} the score of this article.\\
+V t     & {\bf Trace} all score rules applied to this article.\\
+V x     & {\bf Expunge} all low-scored articles. [score]\\
+V F     & {\bf Flush} the score cache to put it in sync with files.\\
+V C     & {\bf Customize} the current score file using a user-friendly
+interface.\\ 
+V S     & {\bf Show} the score of this article.\\
+I C-i   & {\bf Increase} the score of this article.\\
+L C-l   & {\bf Lower} the score of this article.\\
+\bf A p m l& Make a scoring entry based on this article.\\
+\end{keys}
+
+The four letters stand for:\\*
+\quad \B{A}ction: I)ncrease, L)ower;\\*
+\quad \B{p}art: a)uthor (from), b)ody, d)ate, f)ollowups, h)ead (all headers),
+message-i)d, l)ines, s)ubject, t)hread (references), x)refs (cross-posting);\\*
+\quad \B{m}atch type:\\*
+\qquad string: e)xact, f)uzzy, r)egexp, s)ubstring\\*
+\qquad date: a)t, b)efore, n)this,\\*
+\qquad number: $<$, =, $>$;\\*
+\quad \B{l}ifetime: t)emporary, p)ermanent, i)mmediate.
+
+If you type the second/third letter in uppercase, the remaining letters are
+assumed to be s)ubstring and t)emporary.
+
+\quad Extra keys for manual editing of a score file:\\*
+\begin{keys}{C-c C-c}
+C-c C-c & Finish editing the score file.\\
+C-c C-d & Insert the current {\bf date} as number of days.\\
+C-c C-p & {\bf Pretty-print} the [adaptive] score file.\\
+\end{keys}}}
+
+\def\Wash{\subsec{(W) Wash the Article Buffer}{\samepage
+\begin{keys}{W C-c}
+W b     & Make Message-IDs, URLs, citations and signature to mouse-clickable 
+{\bf buttons}.\\  
+W c     & Remove extra {\bf CR}s (^M).\\
+W e     & Fontify {\bf emphasis}, e.g.{} *this* and \_that\_.\\
+W f     & Display any X-{\bf Face} headers.\\
+W l     & (w) Remove page breaks ({\bf^L}).\\
+W m     & Toggle {\bf MIME} processing before displaying.\\
+W o     & Treat {\bf overstrike} (a^Ha) or underline (a^H\_).\\
+W q     & Treat {\bf quoted}-printable (=0D etc).\\
+W r     & (C-c C-r) Caesar-{\bf rotate} (rot13 decode).\\
+W t     & (t) {\bf Toggle} the displaying of all headers.\\
+W v     & (v) Toggle permanent {\bf verbose} displaying of all headers.\\
+W w     & Do word {\bf wrap}. [Prefix: width to use for filling]\\
+W B     & Make headers to mouse-clickable {\bf buttons}.\\
+W E a   & Expunge {\bf all} unwanted blank lines.\\
+W E l   & Expunge {\bf leading} blank lines.\\
+W E m   & Expunge {\bf multiple} blanks lines and replace them with a single
+blank.\\
+W E s   & Expunge leading {\bf spaces} from every line.\\
+W E t   & Expunge {\bf trailing} blank lines.\\
+W T e   & Display the date as time {\bf elapsed} since sent.\\
+W T l   & Display the date in the {\bf local} timezone.\\
+W T o   & Display the {\bf original} date.\\
+W T s   & Display the date using `gnus-article-time-format'.\\
+W T u   & (W T z) Display the date as {\bf UTC} (aka GMT, Zulu).\\
+\end{keys}}}
+
+\def\Hide{\subsubsec{(W W) Hide Parts of the Article}{\samepage
+Without prefix, these commands toggle hiding; a positive prefix hides and a
+negative prefix unhides.\\*
+\begin{keys}{W W C}
+W W a   & Hide {\bf all} unwanted parts.\\
+W W c   & Hide {\bf cited} text.\\
+W W h   & Hide the {\bf headers}.\\
+W W s   & Hide the {\bf signature}.\\
+W W p   & Hide {\bf PGP} signatures.\\
+W W C   & Hide {\bf cited} text if the article is not a root of a thread.\\
+W W P   & Hide {\bf PEM} gruft.\\
+\end{keys}}}
+
+\def\Highlight{\subsubsec{(W H) Highlight Parts of the Article}{\samepage
+\begin{keys}{W H A}
+W H a   & Highlight {\bf all} parts.\\
+W H c   & Highlight {\bf cited} text.\\
+W H h   & Highlight the {\bf headers}.\\
+W H s   & Highlight the {\bf signature}.\\
+\end{keys}}}
+
+\def\Extract{\subsec{(X) Extract Series (Uudecode etc)}{\samepage
+Gnus recognizes if the current article is part of a series (multipart
+posting whose parts are identified by numbers in the subject, e.g.{}
+1/10\dots10/10). You can mark and process more than one series at a time. If
+the posting contains any archives, they are expanded and gathered in a new
+group.\\* 
+\begin{keys}{X p}
+X b     & Un-{\bf binhex} these series. [p/p]\\
+X o     & Simply {\bf output} these series (no decoding). [p/p]\\ 
+X p     & Unpack these {\bf postscript} series. [p/p]\\
+X s     & Un-{\bf shar} these series. [p/p]\\
+X u     & {\bf Uudecode} these series. [p/p]\\
+\end{keys}
+
+Each one of these commands has four variants:\\*
+\begin{keys}{X v \bf Z}
+X   \bf z & Decode these series. [p/p]\\
+X   \bf Z & Decode and save these series. [p/p]\\
+X v \bf z & Decode and view these series. [p/p]\\
+X v \bf Z & Decode, save and view these series. [p/p]\\
+\end{keys}
+where {\bf z} or {\bf Z} identifies the decoding method (b,o,p,s,u).
+
+An alternative binding for the most-often used of these commands is\\*
+\begin{keys}{C-c C-v C-v}
+C-c C-v C-v & (X v u) Uudecode and view these series. [p/p]\\
+\end{keys}
+Use `M-x gnus-binary-mode' to do decoding automatically (then use `g' to see
+the original text of the article).
+}}
+
+\def\Exit{\subsec{(Z) Exit the Current Group}{\samepage
+\begin{keys}{Z G}
+Z c     & (c) Mark all unticked articles as read ({\bf catch-up}) and exit.\\
+Z n     & Mark all articles as read and go to the {\bf next} group.\\
+Z s     & {\bf Save} this group's info in the dribble file. [Prefix: also save .newsrc]\\
+Z C     & Mark all articles as read ({\bf catch-up}) and exit.\\
+Z E     & (Q) {\bf Exit} without updating the group information.\\
+Z G     & (M-g) Check for new articles in this group ({\bf get}).\\
+Z N     & Exit and go to the {\bf next} group.\\
+Z P     & Exit and go to the {\bf previous} group.\\
+Z R     & Exit this group, then ({\bf reenter}) it.
+[Prefix: select all articles, read and unread.]\\
+Z Z     & (q, Z Q) Exit this group.\\
+\end{keys}}}
+
+\def\Limit{\subsec{(/) Limiting the Summary}{\samepage
+\begin{keys}{/ D}
+/ a  & Limit to a given {\bf author}.\\
+/ c  & Hide dormant articles that have no {\bf children} (follow-ups).\\
+/ d  & Hide all {\bf dormant} articles.\\
+/ m  & Limit to articles not having a given {\bf mark}.\\
+/ n  & Limit to the current article.\\
+/ s  & (/ /) Limit to a given {\bf subject}.\\
+/ t  & Limit by {\bf time} (older than a given number of days). [Prefix: newer]\\
+/ u  & (x) Limit to {\bf unread} articles. [Prefix: also remove ! and ? articles]\\
+/ v  & Limit to high-scored articles ({\bf value}). [score]\\
+/ w  & Pop and restore the previous limit from a stack. [Prefix: pop all limits]\\
+/ C  & {\bf Catch-up} all unread articles outside the limit. [Prefix: also ! and ? articles]\\
+/ D  & Show all {\bf dormant} articles.\\
+/ E  & (M S) {\bf Show} all {\bf expunged} articles.\\
+\end{keys}}}
+
+\def\PickAndRead{\subsec{Pick-and-Read Mode}{\samepage
+Use `M-x gnus-pick-mode' to first choose the articles you like and
+only read them after.\\*
+\begin{keys}{SPC}
+SPC  & Scroll the summary a page, if at the end start reading.\\
+RET  & Start reading. [Prefix: catch-up all non-picked articles]\\
+.    & Pick this article. [Prefix: pick the article with that number]\\
+r    & Pick all articles in the {\bf region}.\\
+R    & Unpick all articles in the {\bf region}.\\
+t    & Pick this {\bf thread}.\\
+u    & {\bf Unpick} this article.\\
+T    & Unpick this {\bf thread}.\\
+U    & {\bf Unpick} all articles.\\
+e    & Pick articles that match a regexp.\\
+b    & Pick all articles in the {\bf buffer}.\\
+B    & Unpick all articles in the {\bf buffer}.\\
+\end{keys}}}
+
+\def\ArticleMode{\sec{Article Mode}{\samepage
+Most keys in Summary mode also work in Article mode (of course, the normal
+navigation keys operate on the Article buffer). Additional keys:\\*
+\begin{keys}{C-c C-m}
+RET     & (middle mouse button) Activate the button at point to follow
+an URL or Message-ID, hide citation/signature, etc.\\
+TAB     & Move point to the next button.\\
+M-TAB   & Move point to the previous button.\\
+?       & Give a brief help message.\\
+h       & (s) Go to the {\bf header} line of the article in the {\bf
+summary} buffer.\\
+C-c ^   & (r) Get the article with Message-ID near point ({\bf refer}).\\
+C-c C-m & {\bf Mail} reply to the address near point. [Prefix: cite the
+article]\\ 
+\end{keys}}}
+
+\def\ServerMode{\sec{Server Mode}{\samepage
+To enter this mode, press `^' while in Group mode.\\*
+\begin{keys}{SPC}
+SPC     & (RET) Browse this server.\\
+a       & {\bf Add} a new server.\\
+c       & {\bf Copy} this server.\\
+e       & {\bf Edit} a server.\\
+g       & Ask the server to re-{\bf generate} all its data structures.\\
+k       & {\bf Kill} this server. [scope]\\
+l       & {\bf List} all servers.\\
+q       & Return to the group buffer ({\bf quit}).\\
+s       & Ask the server to {\bf scan} for new messages.\\
+y       & {\bf Yank} the previously killed server.\\
+C       & {\bf Close} the connection to this server.\\
+O       & (Re-){\bf Open} a connection to this server.\\
+D       & Mark this server as unavailable ({\bf deny} it).\\
+R       & {\bf Reset} all unavailability (denial) marks.\\
+M-c     & {\bf Close} the connections to all servers.\\
+M-o     & (Re-){\bf Open} connections to all servers.\\
+\end{keys}}}
+
+\def\BrowseServer{\sec{Browse Server Mode}{\samepage
+To enter this mode, press `B' in Group mode.\\*
+\begin{keys}{RET}
+RET     & Enter the current group.\\
+SPC     & Enter the current group and display the first article.\\
+?       & Give a very short help message.\\
+n       & Go to the {\bf next} group. [distance]\\
+p       & Go to the {\bf previous} group. [distance]\\
+q       & (l) {\bf Quit} browse mode.\\
+u       & {\bf [Un]Subscribe} to the current group. [scope]\\
+\end{keys}}}