Mercurial > hg > xemacs-beta
comparison man/lispref/eval.texi @ 4905:755ae5b97edb
Change "special form" to "special operator" in our sources.
Add a compatible function alias, and the relevant manual index entries.
src/ChangeLog addition:
2010-01-31 Aidan Kehoe <kehoea@parhasard.net>
* symbols.c (Fspecial_operator_p, syms_of_symbols):
* eval.c (print_subr, Finteractive_p, Ffuncall)
(Ffunction_min_args, Ffunction_max_args, vars_of_eval):
* editfns.c:
* data.c (Fsubr_max_args):
* doc.c (Fbuilt_in_symbol_file):
Change "special form" to "special operator" in our sources.
man/ChangeLog addition:
2010-01-31 Aidan Kehoe <kehoea@parhasard.net>
* xemacs/programs.texi (Defuns):
* lispref/variables.texi (Local Variables, Defining Variables)
(Setting Variables, Default Value):
* lispref/symbols.texi (Definitions):
* lispref/searching.texi (Saving Match Data):
* lispref/positions.texi (Excursions, Narrowing):
* lispref/objects.texi (Primitive Function Type):
* lispref/macros.texi (Defining Macros, Backquote):
* lispref/lispref.texi (Top):
* lispref/intro.texi (A Sample Function Description):
* lispref/help.texi (Help Functions):
* lispref/functions.texi (What Is a Function, Simple Lambda)
(Defining Functions, Calling Functions, Anonymous Functions):
* lispref/frames.texi (Input Focus):
* lispref/eval.texi (Forms, Function Indirection)
(Special Operators, Quoting):
* lispref/edebug-inc.texi (Instrumenting)
(Specification Examples):
* lispref/debugging.texi (Internals of Debugger):
* lispref/control.texi (Control Structures, Sequencing):
(Conditionals, Combining Conditions, Iteration):
(Catch and Throw, Handling Errors):
* lispref/commands.texi (Defining Commands, Using Interactive):
Terminology change; special operator -> special form.
Don't attempt to change this in texinfo.texi or cl.texi, which use
macros I don't understand.
* lispref/macros.texi (Defining Macros): Give an anonymous macro
example here.
* lispref/positions.texi (Excursions):
Correct some documentation that called a couple of macros special
forms.
* lispref/searching.texi (Saving Match Data):
Drop some documentation of how to write code that works with Emacs
18.
* lispref/specifiers.texi (Adding Specifications):
Correct this; #'let-specifier is a macro, not a special operator.
* lispref/windows.texi (Window Configurations)
(Selecting Windows):
Correct this, #'save-selected-window and #'save-window-excursion
are macros, not special operators.
lisp/ChangeLog addition:
2010-01-31 Aidan Kehoe <kehoea@parhasard.net>
* obsolete.el:
* loadhist.el (symbol-file):
* help.el (describe-function-1):
* bytecomp.el: (byte-compile-save-current-buffer):
* byte-optimize.el (byte-optimize-form-code-walker):
* subr.el (subr-arity):
Change "special form" to "special operator" in these files, it's
the more logical term.
* subr.el (special-form-p): Provide this alias for
#'special-operator-p.
| author | Aidan Kehoe <kehoea@parhasard.net> |
|---|---|
| date | Sun, 31 Jan 2010 20:28:01 +0000 |
| parents | 6780963faf78 |
| children | 378a34562cbe |
comparison
equal
deleted
inserted
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| 4904:e91e3e353805 | 4905:755ae5b97edb |
|---|---|
| 250 * Classifying Lists:: How to distinguish various sorts of list forms. | 250 * Classifying Lists:: How to distinguish various sorts of list forms. |
| 251 * Function Indirection:: When a symbol appears as the car of a list, | 251 * Function Indirection:: When a symbol appears as the car of a list, |
| 252 we find the real function via the symbol. | 252 we find the real function via the symbol. |
| 253 * Function Forms:: Forms that call functions. | 253 * Function Forms:: Forms that call functions. |
| 254 * Macro Forms:: Forms that call macros. | 254 * Macro Forms:: Forms that call macros. |
| 255 * Special Forms:: ``Special forms'' are idiosyncratic primitives, | 255 * Special Operators:: ``Special operators'' are idiosyncratic primitives, |
| 256 most of them extremely important. | 256 most of them extremely important. |
| 257 Also known as special forms. | |
| 257 * Autoloading:: Functions set up to load files | 258 * Autoloading:: Functions set up to load files |
| 258 containing their real definitions. | 259 containing their real definitions. |
| 259 @end menu | 260 @end menu |
| 260 | 261 |
| 261 @node Self-Evaluating Forms | 262 @node Self-Evaluating Forms |
| 352 | 353 |
| 353 A form that is a nonempty list is either a function call, a macro | 354 A form that is a nonempty list is either a function call, a macro |
| 354 call, or a special form, according to its first element. These three | 355 call, or a special form, according to its first element. These three |
| 355 kinds of forms are evaluated in different ways, described below. The | 356 kinds of forms are evaluated in different ways, described below. The |
| 356 remaining list elements constitute the @dfn{arguments} for the function, | 357 remaining list elements constitute the @dfn{arguments} for the function, |
| 357 macro, or special form. | 358 macro, or special operator. |
| 358 | 359 |
| 359 The first step in evaluating a nonempty list is to examine its first | 360 The first step in evaluating a nonempty list is to examine its first |
| 360 element. This element alone determines what kind of form the list is | 361 element. This element alone determines what kind of form the list is |
| 361 and how the rest of the list is to be processed. The first element is | 362 and how the rest of the list is to be processed. The first element is |
| 362 @emph{not} evaluated, as it would be in some Lisp dialects such as | 363 @emph{not} evaluated, as it would be in some Lisp dialects such as |
| 385 | 386 |
| 386 @kindex invalid-function | 387 @kindex invalid-function |
| 387 @cindex invalid function | 388 @cindex invalid function |
| 388 More precisely, we should now have a Lisp function (a lambda | 389 More precisely, we should now have a Lisp function (a lambda |
| 389 expression), a byte-code function, a primitive function, a Lisp macro, a | 390 expression), a byte-code function, a primitive function, a Lisp macro, a |
| 390 special form, or an autoload object. Each of these types is a case | 391 special operator, or an autoload object. Each of these types is a case |
| 391 described in one of the following sections. If the object is not one of | 392 described in one of the following sections. If the object is not one of |
| 392 these types, the error @code{invalid-function} is signaled. | 393 these types, the error @code{invalid-function} is signaled. |
| 393 | 394 |
| 394 The following example illustrates the symbol indirection process. We | 395 The following example illustrates the symbol indirection process. We |
| 395 use @code{fset} to set the function cell of a symbol and | 396 use @code{fset} to set the function cell of a symbol and |
| 529 Note that the argument @code{(assq 'handler list)} appears in the | 530 Note that the argument @code{(assq 'handler list)} appears in the |
| 530 expansion. | 531 expansion. |
| 531 | 532 |
| 532 @xref{Macros}, for a complete description of XEmacs Lisp macros. | 533 @xref{Macros}, for a complete description of XEmacs Lisp macros. |
| 533 | 534 |
| 534 @node Special Forms | 535 @node Special Operators |
| 535 @subsection Special Forms | 536 @subsection Special Operators |
| 536 @cindex special form evaluation | 537 @cindex special operator evaluation |
| 537 | 538 @cindex special form |
| 538 A @dfn{special form} is a primitive function specially marked so that | 539 |
| 539 its arguments are not all evaluated. Most special forms define control | 540 A @dfn{special operator} (historically, and less logically, a |
| 541 @dfn{special form}) is a primitive function specially marked so that | |
| 542 its arguments are not all evaluated. Most special operators define control | |
| 540 structures or perform variable bindings---things which functions cannot | 543 structures or perform variable bindings---things which functions cannot |
| 541 do. | 544 do. |
| 542 | 545 |
| 543 Each special form has its own rules for which arguments are evaluated | 546 Each special operator has its own rules for which arguments are evaluated |
| 544 and which are used without evaluation. Whether a particular argument is | 547 and which are used without evaluation. Whether a particular argument is |
| 545 evaluated may depend on the results of evaluating other arguments. | 548 evaluated may depend on the results of evaluating other arguments. |
| 546 | 549 |
| 547 Here is a list, in alphabetical order, of all of the special forms in | 550 Here is a list, in alphabetical order, of all of the special operators in |
| 548 XEmacs Lisp with a reference to where each is described. | 551 XEmacs Lisp with a reference to where each is described. |
| 549 | 552 |
| 550 @table @code | 553 @table @code |
| 551 @item and | 554 @item and |
| 552 @pxref{Combining Conditions} | 555 @pxref{Combining Conditions} |
| 625 | 628 |
| 626 @item with-output-to-temp-buffer | 629 @item with-output-to-temp-buffer |
| 627 @pxref{Temporary Displays} | 630 @pxref{Temporary Displays} |
| 628 @end table | 631 @end table |
| 629 | 632 |
| 630 @cindex CL note---special forms compared | 633 @cindex CL note---special operators compared |
| 631 @quotation | 634 @quotation |
| 632 @b{Common Lisp note:} here are some comparisons of special forms in | 635 @b{Common Lisp note:} here are some comparisons of special operators in |
| 633 XEmacs Lisp and Common Lisp. @code{setq}, @code{if}, and | 636 XEmacs Lisp and Common Lisp. @code{setq}, @code{if}, and |
| 634 @code{catch} are special forms in both XEmacs Lisp and Common Lisp. | 637 @code{catch} are special operators in both XEmacs Lisp and Common Lisp. |
| 635 @code{defun} is a special form in XEmacs Lisp, but a macro in Common | 638 @code{defun} is a special operator in XEmacs Lisp, but a macro in Common |
| 636 Lisp. @code{save-excursion} is a special form in XEmacs Lisp, but | 639 Lisp. @code{save-excursion} is a special operator in XEmacs Lisp, but |
| 637 doesn't exist in Common Lisp. @code{throw} is a special form in | 640 doesn't exist in Common Lisp. @code{throw} is a special operator in |
| 638 Common Lisp (because it must be able to throw multiple values), but it | 641 both Common Lisp and XEmacs Lisp (because it must be able to throw |
| 639 is a function in XEmacs Lisp (which doesn't have multiple | 642 multiple values).@refill |
| 640 values).@refill | |
| 641 @end quotation | 643 @end quotation |
| 642 | 644 |
| 643 @node Autoloading | 645 @node Autoloading |
| 644 @subsection Autoloading | 646 @subsection Autoloading |
| 645 | 647 |
| 652 | 654 |
| 653 @node Quoting | 655 @node Quoting |
| 654 @section Quoting | 656 @section Quoting |
| 655 @cindex quoting | 657 @cindex quoting |
| 656 | 658 |
| 657 The special form @code{quote} returns its single argument, as written, | 659 The special operator @code{quote} returns its single argument, as written, |
| 658 without evaluating it. This provides a way to include constant symbols | 660 without evaluating it. This provides a way to include constant symbols |
| 659 and lists, which are not self-evaluating objects, in a program. (It is | 661 and lists, which are not self-evaluating objects, in a program. (It is |
| 660 not necessary to quote self-evaluating objects such as numbers, strings, | 662 not necessary to quote self-evaluating objects such as numbers, strings, |
| 661 and vectors.) | 663 and vectors.) |
| 662 | 664 |
| 663 @defspec quote object | 665 @defspec quote object |
| 664 This special form returns @var{object}, without evaluating it. | 666 This special operator returns @var{object}, without evaluating it. |
| 665 @end defspec | 667 @end defspec |
| 666 | 668 |
| 667 @cindex @samp{'} for quoting | 669 @cindex @samp{'} for quoting |
| 668 @cindex quoting using apostrophe | 670 @cindex quoting using apostrophe |
| 669 @cindex apostrophe for quoting | 671 @cindex apostrophe for quoting |