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comparison man/xemacs/xemacs.texi @ 428:3ecd8885ac67 r21-2-22
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| date | Mon, 13 Aug 2007 11:28:15 +0200 |
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| 1 \input texinfo @c -*-texinfo-*- | |
| 2 @setfilename ../../info/xemacs.info | |
| 3 @comment node-name, next, previous, up | |
| 4 | |
| 5 | |
| 6 @ifinfo | |
| 7 @dircategory XEmacs Editor | |
| 8 @direntry | |
| 9 * XEmacs: (xemacs). XEmacs Editor. | |
| 10 @end direntry | |
| 11 | |
| 12 This file documents the XEmacs editor. | |
| 13 | |
| 14 Copyright (C) 1985, 1986, 1988 Richard M. Stallman. | |
| 15 Copyright @copyright{} 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994 Lucid, Inc. | |
| 16 Copyright @copyright{} 1993, 1994 Sun Microsystems, Inc. | |
| 17 Copyright @copyright{} 1995 Amdahl Corporation. | |
| 18 | |
| 19 Permission is granted to make and distribute verbatim copies of | |
| 20 this manual provided the copyright notice and this permission notice | |
| 21 are preserved on all copies. | |
| 22 | |
| 23 @ignore | |
| 24 Permission is granted to process this file through Tex and print the | |
| 25 results, provided the printed document carries copying permission | |
| 26 notice identical to this one except for the removal of this paragraph | |
| 27 (this paragraph not being relevant to the printed manual). | |
| 28 | |
| 29 @end ignore | |
| 30 Permission is granted to copy and distribute modified versions of this | |
| 31 manual under the conditions for verbatim copying, provided also that the | |
| 32 sections entitled ``The GNU Manifesto'', ``Distribution'' and ``GNU | |
| 33 General Public License'' are included exactly as in the original, and | |
| 34 provided that the entire resulting derived work is distributed under the | |
| 35 terms of a permission notice identical to this one. | |
| 36 | |
| 37 Permission is granted to copy and distribute translations of this manual | |
| 38 into another language, under the above conditions for modified versions, | |
| 39 except that the sections entitled ``The GNU Manifesto'', | |
| 40 ``Distribution'' and ``GNU General Public License'' may be included in a | |
| 41 translation approved by the author instead of in the original English. | |
| 42 @end ifinfo | |
| 43 @c | |
| 44 @setchapternewpage odd | |
| 45 @settitle XEmacs User's Manual | |
| 46 @c | |
| 47 @titlepage | |
| 48 @sp 6 | |
| 49 @center @titlefont{XEmacs User's Manual} | |
| 50 @sp 4 | |
| 51 @sp 1 | |
| 52 @sp 1 | |
| 53 @center July 1994 | |
| 54 @center (General Public License upgraded, January 1991) | |
| 55 @sp 5 | |
| 56 @center Richard Stallman | |
| 57 @sp 1 | |
| 58 @center Lucid, Inc. | |
| 59 @sp 1 | |
| 60 @center and | |
| 61 @sp 1 | |
| 62 @center Ben Wing | |
| 63 @page | |
| 64 @vskip 0pt plus 1filll | |
| 65 Copyright @copyright{} 1985, 1986, 1988 Richard M. Stallman. | |
| 66 | |
| 67 Copyright @copyright{} 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994 Lucid, Inc. | |
| 68 | |
| 69 Copyright @copyright{} 1993, 1994 Sun Microsystems, Inc. | |
| 70 | |
| 71 Copyright @copyright{} 1995 Amdahl Corporation. | |
| 72 | |
| 73 Permission is granted to make and distribute verbatim copies of | |
| 74 this manual provided the copyright notice and this permission notice | |
| 75 are preserved on all copies. | |
| 76 | |
| 77 Permission is granted to copy and distribute modified versions of this | |
| 78 manual under the conditions for verbatim copying, provided also that the | |
| 79 sections entitled ``The GNU Manifesto'', ``Distribution'' and ``GNU | |
| 80 General Public License'' are included exactly as in the original, and | |
| 81 provided that the entire resulting derived work is distributed under the | |
| 82 terms of a permission notice identical to this one. | |
| 83 | |
| 84 Permission is granted to copy and distribute translations of this manual | |
| 85 into another language, under the above conditions for modified versions, | |
| 86 except that the sections entitled ``The GNU Manifesto'', | |
| 87 ``Distribution'' and ``GNU General Public License'' may be included in a | |
| 88 translation approved by the author instead of in the original English. | |
| 89 @end titlepage | |
| 90 @page | |
| 91 @ifinfo | |
| 92 @node Top, License,, (dir) | |
| 93 | |
| 94 The XEmacs Editor | |
| 95 ***************** | |
| 96 | |
| 97 XEmacs is the extensible, customizable, self-documenting real-time | |
| 98 display editor. This Info file describes how to edit with Emacs | |
| 99 and some of how to customize it, but not how to extend it. It | |
| 100 corresponds to XEmacs version 21.0. | |
| 101 | |
| 102 This manual is intended as a detailed reference to XEmacs. If | |
| 103 you are looking for an introductory manual, see the New User's | |
| 104 Guide. | |
| 105 | |
| 106 @end ifinfo | |
| 107 @menu | |
| 108 * License:: The GNU General Public License gives you permission | |
| 109 to redistribute XEmacs on certain terms; and also | |
| 110 explains that there is no warranty. | |
| 111 * Distrib:: How to get XEmacs. | |
| 112 * Intro:: An introduction to XEmacs concepts. | |
| 113 * Glossary:: The glossary. | |
| 114 * Manifesto:: What's GNU? Gnu's Not Unix! | |
| 115 | |
| 116 Indices, nodes containing large menus | |
| 117 * Key Index:: An item for each standard XEmacs key sequence. | |
| 118 * Command Index:: An item for each command name. | |
| 119 * Variable Index:: An item for each documented variable. | |
| 120 * Concept Index:: An item for each concept. | |
| 121 | |
| 122 Important General Concepts | |
| 123 * Frame:: How to interpret what you see on the screen. | |
| 124 * Keystrokes:: Keyboard gestures XEmacs recognizes. | |
| 125 * Pull-down Menus:: | |
| 126 The XEmacs Pull-down Menus available under X. | |
| 127 * Entering Emacs:: | |
| 128 Starting Emacs from the shell. | |
| 129 * Exiting:: Stopping or killing XEmacs. | |
| 130 * Command Switches:: | |
| 131 Hairy startup options. | |
| 132 * Startup Paths:: | |
| 133 How XEmacs finds Directories and Files | |
| 134 | |
| 135 Fundamental Editing Commands | |
| 136 * Basic:: The most basic editing commands. | |
| 137 * Undo:: Undoing recently made changes in the text. | |
| 138 * Minibuffer:: Entering arguments that are prompted for. | |
| 139 * M-x:: Invoking commands by their names. | |
| 140 * Help:: Commands for asking XEmacs about its commands. | |
| 141 | |
| 142 Important Text-Changing Commands | |
| 143 * Mark:: The mark: how to delimit a ``region'' of text. | |
| 144 * Mouse Selection:: | |
| 145 Selecting text with the mouse. | |
| 146 * Additional Mouse Operations:: | |
| 147 Other operations available from the mouse. | |
| 148 * Killing:: Killing text. | |
| 149 * Yanking:: Recovering killed text. Moving text. | |
| 150 * Using X Selections:: | |
| 151 Using primary selection, cut buffers, and highlighted regions. | |
| 152 * Accumulating Text:: | |
| 153 Other ways of copying text. | |
| 154 * Rectangles:: Operating on the text inside a rectangle on the screen. | |
| 155 * Registers:: Saving a text string or a location in the buffer. | |
| 156 * Display:: Controlling what text is displayed. | |
| 157 * Search:: Finding or replacing occurrences of a string. | |
| 158 * Fixit:: Commands especially useful for fixing typos. | |
| 159 | |
| 160 Larger Units of Text | |
| 161 * Files:: All about handling files. | |
| 162 * Buffers:: Multiple buffers; editing several files at once. | |
| 163 * Windows:: Viewing two pieces of text at once. | |
| 164 * Mule:: Using world scripts. | |
| 165 | |
| 166 Advanced Features | |
| 167 * Major Modes:: Text mode vs. Lisp mode vs. C mode ... | |
| 168 * Indentation:: Editing the white space at the beginnings of lines. | |
| 169 * Text:: Commands and modes for editing English. | |
| 170 * Programs:: Commands and modes for editing programs. | |
| 171 * Running:: Compiling, running and debugging programs. | |
| 172 * Packages:: How to add new packages to XEmacs. | |
| 173 * Abbrevs:: How to define text abbreviations to reduce | |
| 174 the number of characters you must type. | |
| 175 * Picture:: Editing pictures made up of characters | |
| 176 using the quarter-plane screen model. | |
| 177 * Sending Mail:: Sending mail in XEmacs. | |
| 178 * Reading Mail:: Reading mail in XEmacs. | |
| 179 * Calendar/Diary:: A Calendar and diary facility in XEmacs. | |
| 180 * Sorting:: Sorting lines, paragraphs or pages within XEmacs. | |
| 181 * Shell:: Executing shell commands from XEmacs. | |
| 182 * Narrowing:: Restricting display and editing to a portion | |
| 183 of the buffer. | |
| 184 * Hardcopy:: Printing buffers or regions. | |
| 185 * Recursive Edit:: | |
| 186 A command can allow you to do editing | |
| 187 "within the command". This is called a | |
| 188 `recursive editing level'. | |
| 189 * Dissociated Press:: Dissociating text for fun. | |
| 190 * CONX:: A different kind of dissociation. | |
| 191 * Amusements:: Various games and hacks. | |
| 192 * Emulation:: Emulating some other editors with XEmacs. | |
| 193 * Customization:: Modifying the behavior of XEmacs. | |
| 194 | |
| 195 Recovery from Problems. | |
| 196 * Quitting:: Quitting and aborting. | |
| 197 * Lossage:: What to do if XEmacs is hung or malfunctioning. | |
| 198 * Bugs:: How and when to report a bug. | |
| 199 | |
| 200 Here are some other nodes which are really inferiors of the ones | |
| 201 already listed, mentioned here so you can get to them in one step: | |
| 202 | |
| 203 --- The Detailed Node Listing --- | |
| 204 | |
| 205 The Organization of the Frame | |
| 206 | |
| 207 * Point:: The place in the text where editing commands operate. | |
| 208 * Echo Area:: Short messages appear at the bottom of the frame. | |
| 209 * Mode Line:: Interpreting the mode line. | |
| 210 * XEmacs under X:: Some information on using XEmacs under the X | |
| 211 Window System. | |
| 212 | |
| 213 Keystrokes | |
| 214 | |
| 215 * Intro to Keystrokes:: Keystrokes as building blocks of key sequences. | |
| 216 * Representing Keystrokes:: Using lists of modifiers and keysyms to | |
| 217 represent keystrokes. | |
| 218 * Key Sequences:: Combine key strokes into key sequences you can | |
| 219 bind to commands. | |
| 220 * String Key Sequences:: Available for upward compatibility. | |
| 221 * Meta Key:: Using @key{ESC} to represent @key{Meta} | |
| 222 * Super and Hyper Keys:: Adding modifier keys on certain keyboards. | |
| 223 * Character Representation:: How characters appear in XEmacs buffers. | |
| 224 * Commands:: How commands are bound to key sequences. | |
| 225 | |
| 226 Pull-down Menus | |
| 227 | |
| 228 * File Menu:: Items on the File menu. | |
| 229 * Edit Menu:: Items on the Edit menu. | |
| 230 * Apps Menu:: Items on the Apps menu. | |
| 231 * Options Menu:: Items on the Options menu. | |
| 232 * Buffers Menu:: Information about the Buffers menu. | |
| 233 * Tools Menu:: Items on the Tools menu. | |
| 234 * Help Menu:: Items on the Help menu. | |
| 235 * Menu Customization:: Adding and removing menu items and related | |
| 236 operations. | |
| 237 | |
| 238 Basic Editing Commands | |
| 239 | |
| 240 * Blank Lines:: Commands to make or delete blank lines. | |
| 241 * Continuation Lines:: Lines too wide for the frame. | |
| 242 * Position Info:: What page, line, row, or column is point on? | |
| 243 * Arguments:: Numeric arguments for repeating a command. | |
| 244 | |
| 245 The Minibuffer | |
| 246 | |
| 247 * File: Minibuffer File. Entering file names with the minibuffer. | |
| 248 * Edit: Minibuffer Edit. How to edit in the minibuffer. | |
| 249 * Completion:: An abbreviation facility for minibuffer input. | |
| 250 * Repetition:: Re-executing commands that used the minibuffer. | |
| 251 | |
| 252 The Mark and the Region | |
| 253 | |
| 254 * Setting Mark:: Commands to set the mark. | |
| 255 * Using Region:: Summary of ways to operate on contents of the region. | |
| 256 * Marking Objects:: Commands to put region around textual units. | |
| 257 * Mark Ring:: Previous mark positions saved so you can go back there. | |
| 258 | |
| 259 Yanking | |
| 260 | |
| 261 * Kill Ring:: Where killed text is stored. Basic yanking. | |
| 262 * Appending Kills:: Several kills in a row all yank together. | |
| 263 * Earlier Kills:: Yanking something killed some time ago. | |
| 264 | |
| 265 Using X Selections | |
| 266 | |
| 267 * X Clipboard Selection:: Pasting to the X clipboard. | |
| 268 * X Selection Commands:: Other operations on the selection. | |
| 269 * X Cut Buffers:: X cut buffers are available for compatibility. | |
| 270 * Active Regions:: Using zmacs-style highlighting of the | |
| 271 selected region. | |
| 272 | |
| 273 Registers | |
| 274 | |
| 275 * RegPos:: Saving positions in registers. | |
| 276 * RegText:: Saving text in registers. | |
| 277 * RegRect:: Saving rectangles in registers. | |
| 278 | |
| 279 Controlling the Display | |
| 280 | |
| 281 * Scrolling:: Moving text up and down in a window. | |
| 282 * Horizontal Scrolling:: Moving text left and right in a window. | |
| 283 * Selective Display:: Hiding lines with lots of indentation. | |
| 284 * Display Vars:: Information on variables for customizing display. | |
| 285 | |
| 286 Searching and Replacement | |
| 287 | |
| 288 * Incremental Search:: Search happens as you type the string. | |
| 289 * Non-Incremental Search:: Specify entire string and then search. | |
| 290 * Word Search:: Search for sequence of words. | |
| 291 * Regexp Search:: Search for match for a regexp. | |
| 292 * Regexps:: Syntax of regular expressions. | |
| 293 * Search Case:: To ignore case while searching, or not. | |
| 294 * Replace:: Search, and replace some or all matches. | |
| 295 * Other Repeating Search:: Operating on all matches for some regexp. | |
| 296 | |
| 297 Replacement Commands | |
| 298 | |
| 299 * Unconditional Replace:: Replacing all matches for a string. | |
| 300 * Regexp Replace:: Replacing all matches for a regexp. | |
| 301 * Replacement and Case:: How replacements preserve case of letters. | |
| 302 * Query Replace:: How to use querying. | |
| 303 | |
| 304 Commands for Fixing Typos | |
| 305 | |
| 306 * Kill Errors:: Commands to kill a batch of recently entered text. | |
| 307 * Transpose:: Exchanging two characters, words, lines, lists... | |
| 308 * Fixing Case:: Correcting case of last word entered. | |
| 309 * Spelling:: Apply spelling checker to a word, or a whole file. | |
| 310 | |
| 311 File Handling | |
| 312 | |
| 313 * File Names:: How to type and edit file name arguments. | |
| 314 * Visiting:: Visiting a file prepares XEmacs to edit the file. | |
| 315 * Saving:: Saving makes your changes permanent. | |
| 316 * Reverting:: Reverting cancels all the changes not saved. | |
| 317 * Auto Save:: Auto Save periodically protects against loss of data. | |
| 318 * Version Control:: Version control systems (RCS and SCCS). | |
| 319 * ListDir:: Listing the contents of a file directory. | |
| 320 * Comparing Files:: Finding where two files differ. | |
| 321 * Dired:: ``Editing'' a directory to delete, rename, etc. | |
| 322 the files in it. | |
| 323 * Misc File Ops:: Other things you can do on files. | |
| 324 | |
| 325 Saving Files | |
| 326 | |
| 327 * Backup:: How XEmacs saves the old version of your file. | |
| 328 * Interlocking:: How XEmacs protects against simultaneous editing | |
| 329 of one file by two users. | |
| 330 | |
| 331 Backup Files | |
| 332 | |
| 333 * Names: Backup Names. How backup files are named; | |
| 334 Choosing single or numbered backup files. | |
| 335 * Deletion: Backup Deletion. XEmacs deletes excess numbered backups. | |
| 336 * Copying: Backup Copying. Backups can be made by copying or renaming. | |
| 337 | |
| 338 Auto-Saving: Protection Against Disasters | |
| 339 | |
| 340 * Files: Auto Save Files. | |
| 341 * Control: Auto Save Control. | |
| 342 * Recover:: Recovering text from auto-save files. | |
| 343 | |
| 344 Version Control | |
| 345 | |
| 346 * Concepts of VC:: Basic version control information; | |
| 347 checking files in and out. | |
| 348 * Editing with VC:: Commands for editing a file maintained | |
| 349 with version control. | |
| 350 * Variables for Check-in/out:: Variables that affect the commands used | |
| 351 to check files in or out. | |
| 352 * Log Entries:: Logging your changes. | |
| 353 * Change Logs and VC:: Generating a change log file from log | |
| 354 entries. | |
| 355 * Old Versions:: Examining and comparing old versions. | |
| 356 * VC Status:: Commands to view the VC status of files and | |
| 357 look at log entries. | |
| 358 * Renaming and VC:: A command to rename both the source and | |
| 359 master file correctly. | |
| 360 * Snapshots:: How to make and use snapshots, a set of | |
| 361 file versions that can be treated as a unit. | |
| 362 * Version Headers:: Inserting version control headers into | |
| 363 working files. | |
| 364 | |
| 365 Snapshots | |
| 366 | |
| 367 * Making Snapshots:: The snapshot facilities. | |
| 368 * Snapshot Caveats:: Things to be careful of when using snapshots. | |
| 369 | |
| 370 Dired, the Directory Editor | |
| 371 | |
| 372 * Enter: Dired Enter. How to invoke Dired. | |
| 373 * Edit: Dired Edit. Editing the Dired buffer. | |
| 374 * Deletion: Dired Deletion. Deleting files with Dired. | |
| 375 * Immed: Dired Immed. Other file operations through Dired. | |
| 376 | |
| 377 Using Multiple Buffers | |
| 378 | |
| 379 * Select Buffer:: Creating a new buffer or reselecting an old one. | |
| 380 * List Buffers:: Getting a list of buffers that exist. | |
| 381 * Misc Buffer:: Renaming; changing read-onliness; copying text. | |
| 382 * Kill Buffer:: Killing buffers you no longer need. | |
| 383 * Several Buffers:: How to go through the list of all buffers | |
| 384 and operate variously on several of them. | |
| 385 | |
| 386 Multiple Windows | |
| 387 | |
| 388 * Basic Window:: Introduction to XEmacs windows. | |
| 389 * Split Window:: New windows are made by splitting existing windows. | |
| 390 * Other Window:: Moving to another window or doing something to it. | |
| 391 * Pop Up Window:: Finding a file or buffer in another window. | |
| 392 * Change Window:: Deleting windows and changing their sizes. | |
| 393 | |
| 394 Major Modes | |
| 395 | |
| 396 * Choosing Modes:: How major modes are specified or chosen. | |
| 397 | |
| 398 Indentation | |
| 399 | |
| 400 * Indentation Commands:: Various commands and techniques for indentation. | |
| 401 * Tab Stops:: You can set arbitrary "tab stops" and then | |
| 402 indent to the next tab stop when you want to. | |
| 403 * Just Spaces:: You can request indentation using just spaces. | |
| 404 | |
| 405 Commands for Human Languages | |
| 406 | |
| 407 * Text Mode:: The major modes for editing text files. | |
| 408 * Nroff Mode:: The major mode for editing input to the formatter nroff. | |
| 409 * TeX Mode:: The major modes for editing input to the formatter TeX. | |
| 410 * Outline Mode:: The major mode for editing outlines. | |
| 411 * Words:: Moving over and killing words. | |
| 412 * Sentences:: Moving over and killing sentences. | |
| 413 * Paragraphs:: Moving over paragraphs. | |
| 414 * Pages:: Moving over pages. | |
| 415 * Filling:: Filling or justifying text | |
| 416 * Case:: Changing the case of text | |
| 417 | |
| 418 @TeX{} Mode | |
| 419 | |
| 420 * Editing: TeX Editing. Special commands for editing in TeX mode. | |
| 421 * Printing: TeX Print. Commands for printing part of a file with TeX. | |
| 422 | |
| 423 Outline Mode | |
| 424 | |
| 425 * Format: Outline Format. What the text of an outline looks like. | |
| 426 * Motion: Outline Motion. Special commands for moving through outlines. | |
| 427 * Visibility: Outline Visibility. Commands to control what is visible. | |
| 428 | |
| 429 Filling Text | |
| 430 | |
| 431 * Auto Fill:: Auto Fill mode breaks long lines automatically. | |
| 432 * Fill Commands:: Commands to refill paragraphs and center lines. | |
| 433 * Fill Prefix:: Filling when every line is indented or in a comment, etc. | |
| 434 | |
| 435 Editing Programs | |
| 436 | |
| 437 * Program Modes:: Major modes for editing programs. | |
| 438 * Lists:: Expressions with balanced parentheses. | |
| 439 There are editing commands to operate on them. | |
| 440 * Defuns:: Each program is made up of separate functions. | |
| 441 There are editing commands to operate on them. | |
| 442 * Grinding:: Adjusting indentation to show the nesting. | |
| 443 * Matching:: Insertion of a close-delimiter flashes matching open. | |
| 444 * Comments:: Inserting, filling and aligning comments. | |
| 445 * Balanced Editing:: Inserting two matching parentheses at once, etc. | |
| 446 * Lisp Completion:: Completion on symbol names in Lisp code. | |
| 447 * Documentation:: Getting documentation of functions you plan to call. | |
| 448 * Change Log:: Maintaining a change history for your program. | |
| 449 * Tags:: Go directly to any function in your program in one | |
| 450 command. Tags remembers which file it is in. | |
| 451 * Fortran:: Fortran mode and its special features. | |
| 452 * Asm Mode:: Asm mode and its special features. | |
| 453 | |
| 454 Indentation for Programs | |
| 455 | |
| 456 * Basic Indent:: | |
| 457 * Multi-line Indent:: Commands to reindent many lines at once. | |
| 458 * Lisp Indent:: Specifying how each Lisp function should be indented. | |
| 459 * C Indent:: Choosing an indentation style for C code. | |
| 460 | |
| 461 Tags Tables | |
| 462 | |
| 463 * Tag Syntax:: Tag syntax for various types of code and text files. | |
| 464 * Create Tags Table:: Creating a tags table with @code{etags}. | |
| 465 * Select Tags Table:: How to visit a tags table. | |
| 466 * Find Tag:: Commands to find the definition of a specific tag. | |
| 467 * Tags Search:: Using a tags table for searching and replacing. | |
| 468 * List Tags:: Listing and finding tags defined in a file. | |
| 469 | |
| 470 Fortran Mode | |
| 471 | |
| 472 * Motion: Fortran Motion. Moving point by statements or subprograms. | |
| 473 * Indent: Fortran Indent. Indentation commands for Fortran. | |
| 474 * Comments: Fortran Comments. Inserting and aligning comments. | |
| 475 * Columns: Fortran Columns. Measuring columns for valid Fortran. | |
| 476 * Abbrev: Fortran Abbrev. Built-in abbrevs for Fortran keywords. | |
| 477 | |
| 478 Fortran Indentation | |
| 479 | |
| 480 * Commands: ForIndent Commands. Commands for indenting Fortran. | |
| 481 * Numbers: ForIndent Num. How line numbers auto-indent. | |
| 482 * Conv: ForIndent Conv. Conventions you must obey to avoid trouble. | |
| 483 * Vars: ForIndent Vars. Variables controlling Fortran indent style. | |
| 484 | |
| 485 Compiling and Testing Programs | |
| 486 | |
| 487 * Compilation:: Compiling programs in languages other than Lisp | |
| 488 (C, Pascal, etc.) | |
| 489 * Modes: Lisp Modes. Various modes for editing Lisp programs, with | |
| 490 different facilities for running the Lisp programs. | |
| 491 * Libraries: Lisp Libraries. Creating Lisp programs to run in XEmacs. | |
| 492 * Eval: Lisp Eval. Executing a single Lisp expression in XEmacs. | |
| 493 * Debug: Lisp Debug. Debugging Lisp programs running in XEmacs. | |
| 494 * Interaction: Lisp Interaction. Executing Lisp in an XEmacs buffer. | |
| 495 * External Lisp:: Communicating through XEmacs with a separate Lisp. | |
| 496 | |
| 497 Lisp Libraries | |
| 498 | |
| 499 * Loading:: Loading libraries of Lisp code into XEmacs for use. | |
| 500 * Compiling Libraries:: Compiling a library makes it load and run faster. | |
| 501 * Mocklisp:: Converting Mocklisp to Lisp so XEmacs can run it. | |
| 502 | |
| 503 Packages | |
| 504 | |
| 505 * Packages:: Introduction to XEmacs Packages. | |
| 506 * Package Terminology:: Understanding different kinds of packages. | |
| 507 * Using Packages:: How to install and use packages. | |
| 508 * Building Packages:: Building packages from sources. | |
| 509 | |
| 510 Abbrevs | |
| 511 | |
| 512 * Defining Abbrevs:: Defining an abbrev, so it will expand when typed. | |
| 513 * Expanding Abbrevs:: Controlling expansion: prefixes, canceling expansion. | |
| 514 * Editing Abbrevs:: Viewing or editing the entire list of defined abbrevs. | |
| 515 * Saving Abbrevs:: Saving the entire list of abbrevs for another session. | |
| 516 * Dynamic Abbrevs:: Abbreviations for words already in the buffer. | |
| 517 | |
| 518 Editing Pictures | |
| 519 | |
| 520 * Basic Picture:: Basic concepts and simple commands of Picture Mode. | |
| 521 * Insert in Picture:: Controlling direction of cursor motion | |
| 522 after "self-inserting" characters. | |
| 523 * Tabs in Picture:: Various features for tab stops and indentation. | |
| 524 * Rectangles in Picture:: Clearing and superimposing rectangles. | |
| 525 | |
| 526 Sending Mail | |
| 527 | |
| 528 * Format: Mail Format. Format of the mail being composed. | |
| 529 * Headers: Mail Headers. Details of allowed mail header fields. | |
| 530 * Mode: Mail Mode. Special commands for editing mail being composed. | |
| 531 | |
| 532 Running Shell Commands from XEmacs | |
| 533 | |
| 534 * Single Shell:: How to run one shell command and return. | |
| 535 * Interactive Shell:: Permanent shell taking input via XEmacs. | |
| 536 * Shell Mode:: Special XEmacs commands used with permanent shell. | |
| 537 | |
| 538 Customization | |
| 539 | |
| 540 * Minor Modes:: Each minor mode is one feature you can turn on | |
| 541 independently of any others. | |
| 542 * Variables:: Many XEmacs commands examine XEmacs variables | |
| 543 to decide what to do; by setting variables, | |
| 544 you can control their functioning. | |
| 545 * Keyboard Macros:: A keyboard macro records a sequence of keystrokes | |
| 546 to be replayed with a single command. | |
| 547 * Key Bindings:: The keymaps say what command each key runs. | |
| 548 By changing them, you can "redefine keys". | |
| 549 * Syntax:: The syntax table controls how words and expressions | |
| 550 are parsed. | |
| 551 * Init File:: How to write common customizations in the @file{.emacs} | |
| 552 file. | |
| 553 * Audible Bell:: Changing how XEmacs sounds the bell. | |
| 554 * Faces:: Changing the fonts and colors of a region of text. | |
| 555 * X Resources:: X resources controlling various aspects of the | |
| 556 behavior of XEmacs. | |
| 557 | |
| 558 Variables | |
| 559 | |
| 560 * Examining:: Examining or setting one variable's value. | |
| 561 * Easy Customization:: Convenient and easy customization of variables. | |
| 562 * Edit Options:: Examining or editing list of all variables' values. | |
| 563 * Locals:: Per-buffer values of variables. | |
| 564 * File Variables:: How files can specify variable values. | |
| 565 | |
| 566 Keyboard Macros | |
| 567 | |
| 568 * Basic Kbd Macro:: Defining and running keyboard macros. | |
| 569 * Save Kbd Macro:: Giving keyboard macros names; saving them in files. | |
| 570 * Kbd Macro Query:: Keyboard macros that do different things each use. | |
| 571 | |
| 572 Customizing Key Bindings | |
| 573 | |
| 574 * Keymaps:: Definition of the keymap data structure. | |
| 575 Names of XEmacs's standard keymaps. | |
| 576 * Rebinding:: How to redefine one key's meaning conveniently. | |
| 577 * Disabling:: Disabling a command means confirmation is required | |
| 578 before it can be executed. This is done to protect | |
| 579 beginners from surprises. | |
| 580 | |
| 581 The Syntax Table | |
| 582 | |
| 583 * Entry: Syntax Entry. What the syntax table records for each character. | |
| 584 * Change: Syntax Change. How to change the information. | |
| 585 | |
| 586 The Init File, @file{~/.emacs} | |
| 587 | |
| 588 * Init Syntax:: Syntax of constants in Emacs Lisp. | |
| 589 * Init Examples:: How to do some things with an init file. | |
| 590 * Terminal Init:: Each terminal type can have an init file. | |
| 591 | |
| 592 Dealing with XEmacs Trouble | |
| 593 | |
| 594 * Stuck Recursive:: `[...]' in mode line around the parentheses. | |
| 595 * Screen Garbled:: Garbage on the screen. | |
| 596 * Text Garbled:: Garbage in the text. | |
| 597 * Unasked-for Search:: Spontaneous entry to incremental search. | |
| 598 * Emergency Escape:: Emergency escape--- | |
| 599 What to do if XEmacs stops responding. | |
| 600 * Total Frustration:: When you are at your wits' end. | |
| 601 | |
| 602 @end menu | |
| 603 | |
| 604 @iftex | |
| 605 @unnumbered Preface | |
| 606 | |
| 607 This manual documents the use and simple customization of the XEmacs | |
| 608 editor. The reader is not expected to be a programmer to use this | |
| 609 editor, and simple customizations do not require programming skills either. | |
| 610 Users who are not interested in customizing XEmacs can ignore the scattered | |
| 611 customization hints. | |
| 612 | |
| 613 This document is primarily a reference manual, but it can also be used as a | |
| 614 primer. However, if you are new to XEmacs, consider using the on-line, | |
| 615 learn-by-doing tutorial, which you get by running XEmacs and typing | |
| 616 @kbd{C-h t}. With it, you learn XEmacs by using XEmacs on a specially | |
| 617 designed file which describes commands, tells you when to try them, | |
| 618 and then explains the results you see. Using the tutorial gives a more vivid | |
| 619 introduction than the printed manual. Also consider reading the XEmacs | |
| 620 New User's Guide, which is intended specifically as an introductory | |
| 621 manual rather than as a reference guide. | |
| 622 | |
| 623 On first reading, just skim chapters one and two, which describe the | |
| 624 notational conventions of the manual and the general appearance of the | |
| 625 XEmacs display frame. Note which questions are answered in these chapters, | |
| 626 so you can refer back later. After reading chapter four you should | |
| 627 practice the commands there. The next few chapters describe fundamental | |
| 628 techniques and concepts that are used constantly. You need to understand | |
| 629 them thoroughly, experimenting with them if necessary. | |
| 630 | |
| 631 To find the documentation on a particular command, look in the index. | |
| 632 Keys (character commands) and command names have separate indexes. There | |
| 633 is also a glossary, with a cross reference for each term. | |
| 634 | |
| 635 @ignore | |
| 636 If you know vaguely what the command | |
| 637 does, look in the command summary. The command summary contains a line or | |
| 638 two about each command, and a cross reference to the section of the | |
| 639 manual that describes the command in more detail; related commands | |
| 640 are grouped together. | |
| 641 @end ignore | |
| 642 | |
| 643 This manual comes in two forms: the published form and the Info form. | |
| 644 The Info form is for on-line perusal with the INFO program; it is | |
| 645 distributed along with XEmacs. Both forms contain substantially the | |
| 646 same text and are generated from a common source file, which is also | |
| 647 distributed along with XEmacs. | |
| 648 | |
| 649 XEmacs is a member of the Emacs editor family. There are many Emacs | |
| 650 editors, all sharing common principles of organization. For information on | |
| 651 the underlying philosophy of Emacs and the lessons learned from its | |
| 652 development, write for a copy of AI memo 519a, ``Emacs, the Extensible, | |
| 653 Customizable Self-Documenting Display Editor'', to Publications Department, | |
| 654 Artificial Intelligence Lab, 545 Tech Square, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. At | |
| 655 last report they charge $2.25 per copy. Another useful publication is LCS | |
| 656 TM-165, ``A Cookbook for an Emacs'', by Craig Finseth, available from | |
| 657 Publications Department, Laboratory for Computer Science, 545 Tech Square, | |
| 658 Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. The price today is $3. | |
| 659 | |
| 660 This manual is for XEmacs installed on UNIX systems. XEmacs also | |
| 661 exists on Microsoft Windows and Windows NT as Win-Emacs (which is | |
| 662 actually based on Lucid Emacs 19.6, an older incarnation of XEmacs). | |
| 663 @end iftex | |
| 664 | |
| 665 @comment node-name, next, previous, up | |
| 666 @node License, Distrib, Top, Top | |
| 667 @unnumbered GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE | |
| 668 @center Version 1, February 1989 | |
| 669 @cindex license to copy XEmacs | |
| 670 @cindex General Public License | |
| 671 | |
| 672 @display | |
| 673 Copyright @copyright{} 1989 Free Software Foundation, Inc. | |
| 674 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA | |
| 675 | |
| 676 Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies | |
| 677 of this license document, but changing it is not allowed. | |
| 678 @end display | |
| 679 | |
| 680 @unnumberedsec Preamble | |
| 681 | |
| 682 The license agreements of most software companies try to keep users | |
| 683 at the mercy of those companies. By contrast, our General Public | |
| 684 License is intended to guarantee your freedom to share and change free | |
| 685 software---to make sure the software is free for all its users. The | |
| 686 General Public License applies to the Free Software Foundation's | |
| 687 software and to any other program whose authors commit to using it. | |
| 688 You can use it for your programs, too. | |
| 689 | |
| 690 When we speak of free software, we are referring to freedom, not | |
| 691 price. Specifically, the General Public License is designed to make | |
| 692 sure that you have the freedom to give away or sell copies of free | |
| 693 software, that you receive source code or can get it if you want it, | |
| 694 that you can change the software or use pieces of it in new free | |
| 695 programs; and that you know you can do these things. | |
| 696 | |
| 697 To protect your rights, we need to make restrictions that forbid | |
| 698 anyone to deny you these rights or to ask you to surrender the rights. | |
| 699 These restrictions translate to certain responsibilities for you if you | |
| 700 distribute copies of the software, or if you modify it. | |
| 701 | |
| 702 For example, if you distribute copies of a such a program, whether | |
| 703 gratis or for a fee, you must give the recipients all the rights that | |
| 704 you have. You must make sure that they, too, receive or can get the | |
| 705 source code. And you must tell them their rights. | |
| 706 | |
| 707 We protect your rights with two steps: (1) copyright the software, and | |
| 708 (2) offer you this license which gives you legal permission to copy, | |
| 709 distribute and/or modify the software. | |
| 710 | |
| 711 Also, for each author's protection and ours, we want to make certain | |
| 712 that everyone understands that there is no warranty for this free | |
| 713 software. If the software is modified by someone else and passed on, we | |
| 714 want its recipients to know that what they have is not the original, so | |
| 715 that any problems introduced by others will not reflect on the original | |
| 716 authors' reputations. | |
| 717 | |
| 718 The precise terms and conditions for copying, distribution and | |
| 719 modification follow. | |
| 720 | |
| 721 @iftex | |
| 722 @unnumberedsec TERMS AND CONDITIONS | |
| 723 @end iftex | |
| 724 @ifinfo | |
| 725 @center TERMS AND CONDITIONS | |
| 726 @end ifinfo | |
| 727 | |
| 728 @enumerate | |
| 729 @item | |
| 730 This License Agreement applies to any program or other work which | |
| 731 contains a notice placed by the copyright holder saying it may be | |
| 732 distributed under the terms of this General Public License. The | |
| 733 ``Program'', below, refers to any such program or work, and a ``work based | |
| 734 on the Program'' means either the Program or any work containing the | |
| 735 Program or a portion of it, either verbatim or with modifications. Each | |
| 736 licensee is addressed as ``you''. | |
| 737 | |
| 738 @item | |
| 739 @cindex Distribution | |
| 740 You may copy and distribute verbatim copies of the Program's source | |
| 741 code as you receive it, in any medium, provided that you conspicuously and | |
| 742 appropriately publish on each copy an appropriate copyright notice and | |
| 743 disclaimer of warranty; keep intact all the notices that refer to this | |
| 744 General Public License and to the absence of any warranty; and give any | |
| 745 other recipients of the Program a copy of this General Public License | |
| 746 along with the Program. You may charge a fee for the physical act of | |
| 747 transferring a copy. | |
| 748 | |
| 749 @item | |
| 750 You may modify your copy or copies of the Program or any portion of | |
| 751 it, and copy and distribute such modifications under the terms of Paragraph | |
| 752 1 above, provided that you also do the following: | |
| 753 | |
| 754 @itemize @bullet | |
| 755 @item | |
| 756 cause the modified files to carry prominent notices stating that | |
| 757 you changed the files and the date of any change; and | |
| 758 | |
| 759 @item | |
| 760 cause the whole of any work that you distribute or publish, that | |
| 761 in whole or in part contains the Program or any part thereof, either | |
| 762 with or without modifications, to be licensed at no charge to all | |
| 763 third parties under the terms of this General Public License (except | |
| 764 that you may choose to grant warranty protection to some or all | |
| 765 third parties, at your option). | |
| 766 | |
| 767 @item | |
| 768 If the modified program normally reads commands interactively when | |
| 769 run, you must cause it, when started running for such interactive use | |
| 770 in the simplest and most usual way, to print or display an | |
| 771 announcement including an appropriate copyright notice and a notice | |
| 772 that there is no warranty (or else, saying that you provide a | |
| 773 warranty) and that users may redistribute the program under these | |
| 774 conditions, and telling the user how to view a copy of this General | |
| 775 Public License. | |
| 776 | |
| 777 @item | |
| 778 You may charge a fee for the physical act of transferring a | |
| 779 copy, and you may at your option offer warranty protection in | |
| 780 exchange for a fee. | |
| 781 @end itemize | |
| 782 | |
| 783 Mere aggregation of another independent work with the Program (or its | |
| 784 derivative) on a volume of a storage or distribution medium does not bring | |
| 785 the other work under the scope of these terms. | |
| 786 | |
| 787 @item | |
| 788 You may copy and distribute the Program (or a portion or derivative of | |
| 789 it, under Paragraph 2) in object code or executable form under the terms of | |
| 790 Paragraphs 1 and 2 above provided that you also do one of the following: | |
| 791 | |
| 792 @itemize @bullet | |
| 793 @item | |
| 794 accompany it with the complete corresponding machine-readable | |
| 795 source code, which must be distributed under the terms of | |
| 796 Paragraphs 1 and 2 above; or, | |
| 797 | |
| 798 @item | |
| 799 accompany it with a written offer, valid for at least three | |
| 800 years, to give any third party free (except for a nominal charge | |
| 801 for the cost of distribution) a complete machine-readable copy of the | |
| 802 corresponding source code, to be distributed under the terms of | |
| 803 Paragraphs 1 and 2 above; or, | |
| 804 | |
| 805 @item | |
| 806 accompany it with the information you received as to where the | |
| 807 corresponding source code may be obtained. (This alternative is | |
| 808 allowed only for noncommercial distribution and only if you | |
| 809 received the program in object code or executable form alone.) | |
| 810 @end itemize | |
| 811 | |
| 812 Source code for a work means the preferred form of the work for making | |
| 813 modifications to it. For an executable file, complete source code means | |
| 814 all the source code for all modules it contains; but, as a special | |
| 815 exception, it need not include source code for modules which are standard | |
| 816 libraries that accompany the operating system on which the executable | |
| 817 file runs, or for standard header files or definitions files that | |
| 818 accompany that operating system. | |
| 819 | |
| 820 @item | |
| 821 You may not copy, modify, sublicense, distribute or transfer the | |
| 822 Program except as expressly provided under this General Public License. | |
| 823 Any attempt otherwise to copy, modify, sublicense, distribute or transfer | |
| 824 the Program is void, and will automatically terminate your rights to use | |
| 825 the Program under this License. However, parties who have received | |
| 826 copies, or rights to use copies, from you under this General Public | |
| 827 License will not have their licenses terminated so long as such parties | |
| 828 remain in full compliance. | |
| 829 | |
| 830 @item | |
| 831 By copying, distributing or modifying the Program (or any work based | |
| 832 on the Program) you indicate your acceptance of this license to do so, | |
| 833 and all its terms and conditions. | |
| 834 | |
| 835 @item | |
| 836 Each time you redistribute the Program (or any work based on the | |
| 837 Program), the recipient automatically receives a license from the original | |
| 838 licensor to copy, distribute or modify the Program subject to these | |
| 839 terms and conditions. You may not impose any further restrictions on the | |
| 840 recipients' exercise of the rights granted herein. | |
| 841 | |
| 842 @page | |
| 843 @item | |
| 844 The Free Software Foundation may publish revised and/or new versions | |
| 845 of the General Public License from time to time. Such new versions will | |
| 846 be similar in spirit to the present version, but may differ in detail to | |
| 847 address new problems or concerns. | |
| 848 | |
| 849 Each version is given a distinguishing version number. If the Program | |
| 850 specifies a version number of the license which applies to it and ``any | |
| 851 later version'', you have the option of following the terms and conditions | |
| 852 either of that version or of any later version published by the Free | |
| 853 Software Foundation. If the Program does not specify a version number of | |
| 854 the license, you may choose any version ever published by the Free Software | |
| 855 Foundation. | |
| 856 | |
| 857 @item | |
| 858 If you wish to incorporate parts of the Program into other free | |
| 859 programs whose distribution conditions are different, write to the author | |
| 860 to ask for permission. For software which is copyrighted by the Free | |
| 861 Software Foundation, write to the Free Software Foundation; we sometimes | |
| 862 make exceptions for this. Our decision will be guided by the two goals | |
| 863 of preserving the free status of all derivatives of our free software and | |
| 864 of promoting the sharing and reuse of software generally. | |
| 865 | |
| 866 @iftex | |
| 867 @heading NO WARRANTY | |
| 868 @end iftex | |
| 869 @ifinfo | |
| 870 @center NO WARRANTY | |
| 871 @end ifinfo | |
| 872 | |
| 873 @item | |
| 874 BECAUSE THE PROGRAM IS LICENSED FREE OF CHARGE, THERE IS NO WARRANTY | |
| 875 FOR THE PROGRAM, TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW. EXCEPT WHEN | |
| 876 OTHERWISE STATED IN WRITING THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND/OR OTHER PARTIES | |
| 877 PROVIDE THE PROGRAM ``AS IS'' WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESSED | |
| 878 OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF | |
| 879 MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. THE ENTIRE RISK AS | |
| 880 TO THE QUALITY AND PERFORMANCE OF THE PROGRAM IS WITH YOU. SHOULD THE | |
| 881 PROGRAM PROVE DEFECTIVE, YOU ASSUME THE COST OF ALL NECESSARY SERVICING, | |
| 882 REPAIR OR CORRECTION. | |
| 883 | |
| 884 @item | |
| 885 IN NO EVENT UNLESS REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW OR AGREED TO IN WRITING WILL | |
| 886 ANY COPYRIGHT HOLDER, OR ANY OTHER PARTY WHO MAY MODIFY AND/OR | |
| 887 REDISTRIBUTE THE PROGRAM AS PERMITTED ABOVE, BE LIABLE TO YOU FOR DAMAGES, | |
| 888 INCLUDING ANY GENERAL, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES | |
| 889 ARISING OUT OF THE USE OR INABILITY TO USE THE PROGRAM (INCLUDING BUT NOT | |
| 890 LIMITED TO LOSS OF DATA OR DATA BEING RENDERED INACCURATE OR LOSSES | |
| 891 SUSTAINED BY YOU OR THIRD PARTIES OR A FAILURE OF THE PROGRAM TO OPERATE | |
| 892 WITH ANY OTHER PROGRAMS), EVEN IF SUCH HOLDER OR OTHER PARTY HAS BEEN | |
| 893 ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES. | |
| 894 @end enumerate | |
| 895 | |
| 896 @iftex | |
| 897 @heading END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS | |
| 898 @end iftex | |
| 899 @ifinfo | |
| 900 @center END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS | |
| 901 @end ifinfo | |
| 902 | |
| 903 @page | |
| 904 @unnumberedsec Appendix: How to Apply These Terms to Your New Programs | |
| 905 | |
| 906 If you develop a new program, and you want it to be of the greatest | |
| 907 possible use to humanity, the best way to achieve this is to make it | |
| 908 free software which everyone can redistribute and change under these | |
| 909 terms. | |
| 910 | |
| 911 To do so, attach the following notices to the program. It is safest to | |
| 912 attach them to the start of each source file to most effectively convey | |
| 913 the exclusion of warranty; and each file should have at least the | |
| 914 ``copyright'' line and a pointer to where the full notice is found. | |
| 915 | |
| 916 @smallexample | |
| 917 @var{one line to give the program's name and a brief idea of what it does.} | |
| 918 Copyright (C) 19@var{yy} @var{name of author} | |
| 919 | |
| 920 This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify | |
| 921 it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by | |
| 922 the Free Software Foundation; either version 1, or (at your option) | |
| 923 any later version. | |
| 924 | |
| 925 This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, | |
| 926 but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of | |
| 927 MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the | |
| 928 GNU General Public License for more details. | |
| 929 | |
| 930 You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License | |
| 931 along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software | |
| 932 Foundation, Inc., 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. | |
| 933 @end smallexample | |
| 934 | |
| 935 Also add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail. | |
| 936 | |
| 937 If the program is interactive, make it output a short notice like this | |
| 938 when it starts in an interactive mode: | |
| 939 | |
| 940 @smallexample | |
| 941 Gnomovision version 69, Copyright (C) 19@var{yy} @var{name of author} | |
| 942 Gnomovision comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY; for details type `show w'. | |
| 943 This is free software, and you are welcome to redistribute it | |
| 944 under certain conditions; type `show c' for details. | |
| 945 @end smallexample | |
| 946 | |
| 947 The hypothetical commands `show w' and `show c' should show the | |
| 948 appropriate parts of the General Public License. Of course, the | |
| 949 commands you use may be called something other than `show w' and `show | |
| 950 c'; they could even be mouse-clicks or menu items---whatever suits your | |
| 951 program. | |
| 952 | |
| 953 @page | |
| 954 You should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or your | |
| 955 school, if any, to sign a ``copyright disclaimer'' for the program, if | |
| 956 necessary. Here a sample; alter the names: | |
| 957 | |
| 958 @example | |
| 959 Yoyodyne, Inc., hereby disclaims all copyright interest in the | |
| 960 program `Gnomovision' (a program to direct compilers to make passes | |
| 961 at assemblers) written by James Hacker. | |
| 962 | |
| 963 @var{signature of Ty Coon}, 1 April 1989 | |
| 964 Ty Coon, President of Vice | |
| 965 @end example | |
| 966 | |
| 967 That's all there is to it! | |
| 968 | |
| 969 @comment node-name, next, previous, up | |
| 970 @node Distrib, Intro, License, Top | |
| 971 @unnumbered Distribution | |
| 972 | |
| 973 XEmacs is @dfn{free}; this means that everyone is free to use it and | |
| 974 free to redistribute it on a free basis. XEmacs is not in the public | |
| 975 domain; it is copyrighted and there are restrictions on its | |
| 976 distribution, but these restrictions are designed to permit everything | |
| 977 that a good cooperating citizen would want to do. What is not allowed | |
| 978 is to try to prevent others from further sharing any version of XEmacs | |
| 979 that they might get from you. The precise conditions are found in | |
| 980 the GNU General Public License that comes with XEmacs and also appears | |
| 981 following this section. | |
| 982 | |
| 983 The easiest way to get a copy of XEmacs is from someone else who has it. | |
| 984 You need not ask for permission to do so, or tell any one else; just copy | |
| 985 it. | |
| 986 | |
| 987 If you have access to the Internet, you can get the latest version of | |
| 988 XEmacs from the anonymous FTP server @file{ftp.xemacs.org} in the directory | |
| 989 @file{/pub/xemacs}. It can also be found at numerous other archive | |
| 990 sites around the world; check the file @file{etc/DISTRIB} in an XEmacs | |
| 991 distribution for the latest known list. | |
| 992 | |
| 993 | |
| 994 @unnumberedsec Getting Other Versions of Emacs | |
| 995 | |
| 996 The Free Software Foundation's version of Emacs (called @dfn{FSF Emacs} | |
| 997 in this manual and often referred to as @dfn{GNU Emacs}) is available | |
| 998 by anonymous FTP from @file{prep.ai.mit.edu}. | |
| 999 | |
| 1000 Win-Emacs, an older version of XEmacs that runs on Microsoft Windows | |
| 1001 and Windows NT, is available by anonymous FTP from @file{ftp.netcom.com} | |
| 1002 in the directory @file{/pub/pe/pearl}, or from @file{ftp.cica.indiana.edu} | |
| 1003 as the files @file{wemdemo*.zip} in the directory @file{/pub/pc/win3/demo}. | |
| 1004 | |
| 1005 @node Intro, Glossary, Distrib, Top | |
| 1006 @unnumbered Introduction | |
| 1007 | |
| 1008 You are reading about XEmacs, an incarnation of the advanced, | |
| 1009 self-documenting, customizable, extensible real-time display editor | |
| 1010 Emacs. XEmacs provides many powerful display and user-interface | |
| 1011 capabilities not found in other Emacsen and is mostly upwardly | |
| 1012 compatible with GNU Emacs from the Free Software Foundation | |
| 1013 (referred to as @dfn{FSF Emacs} in this manual). XEmacs also | |
| 1014 comes standard with a great number of useful packages. | |
| 1015 | |
| 1016 We say that XEmacs is a @dfn{display} editor because normally the text | |
| 1017 being edited is visible on the screen and is updated automatically as you | |
| 1018 type. @xref{Frame,Display}. | |
| 1019 | |
| 1020 We call XEmacs a @dfn{real-time} editor because the display is updated very | |
| 1021 frequently, usually after each character or pair of characters you | |
| 1022 type. This minimizes the amount of information you must keep in your | |
| 1023 head as you edit. @xref{Basic,Real-time,Basic Editing}. | |
| 1024 | |
| 1025 We call XEmacs advanced because it provides facilities that go beyond | |
| 1026 simple insertion and deletion: filling of text; automatic indentation of | |
| 1027 programs; viewing two or more files at once; and dealing in terms of | |
| 1028 characters, words, lines, sentences, paragraphs, and pages, as well as | |
| 1029 expressions and comments in several different programming languages. It is | |
| 1030 much easier to type one command meaning ``go to the end of the paragraph'' | |
| 1031 than to find that spot with simple cursor keys. | |
| 1032 | |
| 1033 @dfn{Self-documenting} means that at any time you can type a special | |
| 1034 character, @kbd{Control-h}, to find out what your options are. You can | |
| 1035 also use @kbd{C-h} to find out what a command does, or to find all the | |
| 1036 commands relevant to a topic. @xref{Help}. | |
| 1037 | |
| 1038 @dfn{Customizable} means you can change the definitions of XEmacs | |
| 1039 commands. For example, if you use a programming language in | |
| 1040 which comments start with @samp{<**} and end with @samp{**>}, you can tell | |
| 1041 the XEmacs comment manipulation commands to use those strings | |
| 1042 (@pxref{Comments}). Another sort of customization is rearrangement of the | |
| 1043 command set. For example, you can set up the four basic cursor motion | |
| 1044 commands (up, down, left and right) on keys in a diamond pattern on the | |
| 1045 keyboard if you prefer. @xref{Customization}. | |
| 1046 | |
| 1047 @dfn{Extensible} means you can go beyond simple customization and | |
| 1048 write entirely new commands, programs in the Lisp language to be run by | |
| 1049 XEmacs's own Lisp interpreter. XEmacs is an ``on-line extensible'' | |
| 1050 system: it is divided into many functions that call each other. You can | |
| 1051 redefine any function in the middle of an editing session and replace | |
| 1052 any part of XEmacs without making a separate copy of all of XEmacs. Most | |
| 1053 of the editing commands of XEmacs are written in Lisp; the few | |
| 1054 exceptions could have been written in Lisp but are written in C for | |
| 1055 efficiency. Only a programmer can write an extension to XEmacs, but anybody | |
| 1056 can use it afterward. | |
| 1057 | |
| 1058 @include frame.texi | |
| 1059 @include keystrokes.texi | |
| 1060 @include menus.texi | |
| 1061 @include entering.texi | |
| 1062 @include cmdargs.texi | |
| 1063 @include startup.texi | |
| 1064 @include basic.texi | |
| 1065 @include undo.texi | |
| 1066 @include mini.texi | |
| 1067 @include m-x.texi | |
| 1068 @include help.texi | |
| 1069 @include mark.texi | |
| 1070 @include mouse.texi | |
| 1071 @include killing.texi | |
| 1072 @include regs.texi | |
| 1073 @include display.texi | |
| 1074 @include search.texi | |
| 1075 @include fixit.texi | |
| 1076 @include files.texi | |
| 1077 @include buffers.texi | |
| 1078 @include windows.texi | |
| 1079 @include mule.texi | |
| 1080 @include major.texi | |
| 1081 @include indent.texi | |
| 1082 @include text.texi | |
| 1083 @include programs.texi | |
| 1084 @include building.texi | |
| 1085 @include packages.texi | |
| 1086 @include abbrevs.texi | |
| 1087 @include picture.texi | |
| 1088 @include sending.texi | |
| 1089 @include reading.texi | |
| 1090 @include calendar.texi | |
| 1091 @include misc.texi | |
| 1092 @include custom.texi | |
| 1093 @include trouble.texi | |
| 1094 | |
| 1095 @include new.texi | |
| 1096 @include glossary.texi | |
| 1097 @include gnu.texi | |
| 1098 | |
| 1099 @node Key Index, Command Index, Manifesto, Top | |
| 1100 @unnumbered Key (Character) Index | |
| 1101 @printindex ky | |
| 1102 | |
| 1103 @node Command Index, Variable Index, Key Index, Top | |
| 1104 @unnumbered Command and Function Index | |
| 1105 @printindex fn | |
| 1106 | |
| 1107 @node Variable Index, Concept Index, Command Index, Top | |
| 1108 @unnumbered Variable Index | |
| 1109 @printindex vr | |
| 1110 | |
| 1111 @node Concept Index, Frame, Variable Index, Top | |
| 1112 @unnumbered Concept Index | |
| 1113 @printindex cp | |
| 1114 | |
| 1115 @summarycontents | |
| 1116 @contents | |
| 1117 @bye | |
| 1118 | |
| 1119 | |
| 1120 @c Remember to delete these lines before creating the info file. | |
| 1121 @iftex | |
| 1122 @lucidbook | |
| 1123 @bindingoffset = 0.5in | |
| 1124 @parindent = 0pt | |
| 1125 @end iftex |