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1 @c -*-texinfo-*- | |
2 @c This is part of the XEmacs Lisp Reference Manual. | |
3 @c Copyright (C) 1990, 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1997 Free Software Foundation, Inc. | |
4 @c See the file lispref.texi for copying conditions. | |
5 @setfilename ../../info/minibuf.info | |
6 @node Minibuffers, Command Loop, Read and Print, Top | |
7 @chapter Minibuffers | |
8 @cindex arguments, reading | |
9 @cindex complex arguments | |
10 @cindex minibuffer | |
11 | |
12 A @dfn{minibuffer} is a special buffer that XEmacs commands use to read | |
13 arguments more complicated than the single numeric prefix argument. | |
14 These arguments include file names, buffer names, and command names (as | |
15 in @kbd{M-x}). The minibuffer is displayed on the bottom line of the | |
16 frame, in the same place as the echo area, but only while it is in | |
17 use for reading an argument. | |
18 | |
19 @menu | |
20 * Intro to Minibuffers:: Basic information about minibuffers. | |
21 * Text from Minibuffer:: How to read a straight text string. | |
22 * Object from Minibuffer:: How to read a Lisp object or expression. | |
23 * Minibuffer History:: Recording previous minibuffer inputs | |
24 so the user can reuse them. | |
25 * Completion:: How to invoke and customize completion. | |
26 * Yes-or-No Queries:: Asking a question with a simple answer. | |
27 * Multiple Queries:: Asking a series of similar questions. | |
28 * Minibuffer Misc:: Various customization hooks and variables. | |
29 @end menu | |
30 | |
31 @node Intro to Minibuffers | |
32 @section Introduction to Minibuffers | |
33 | |
34 In most ways, a minibuffer is a normal XEmacs buffer. Most operations | |
35 @emph{within} a buffer, such as editing commands, work normally in a | |
36 minibuffer. However, many operations for managing buffers do not apply | |
37 to minibuffers. The name of a minibuffer always has the form @w{@samp{ | |
38 *Minibuf-@var{number}}}, and it cannot be changed. Minibuffers are | |
39 displayed only in special windows used only for minibuffers; these | |
40 windows always appear at the bottom of a frame. (Sometime frames have | |
41 no minibuffer window, and sometimes a special kind of frame contains | |
42 nothing but a minibuffer window; see @ref{Minibuffers and Frames}.) | |
43 | |
44 The minibuffer's window is normally a single line. You can resize it | |
45 temporarily with the window sizing commands; it reverts to its normal | |
46 size when the minibuffer is exited. You can resize it permanently by | |
47 using the window sizing commands in the frame's other window, when the | |
48 minibuffer is not active. If the frame contains just a minibuffer, you | |
49 can change the minibuffer's size by changing the frame's size. | |
50 | |
51 If a command uses a minibuffer while there is an active minibuffer, | |
52 this is called a @dfn{recursive minibuffer}. The first minibuffer is | |
53 named @w{@samp{ *Minibuf-0*}}. Recursive minibuffers are named by | |
54 incrementing the number at the end of the name. (The names begin with a | |
55 space so that they won't show up in normal buffer lists.) Of several | |
56 recursive minibuffers, the innermost (or most recently entered) is the | |
57 active minibuffer. We usually call this ``the'' minibuffer. You can | |
58 permit or forbid recursive minibuffers by setting the variable | |
59 @code{enable-recursive-minibuffers}. | |
60 | |
61 Like other buffers, a minibuffer may use any of several local keymaps | |
62 (@pxref{Keymaps}); these contain various exit commands and in some cases | |
63 completion commands (@pxref{Completion}). | |
64 | |
65 @itemize @bullet | |
66 @item | |
67 @code{minibuffer-local-map} is for ordinary input (no completion). | |
68 | |
69 @item | |
70 @code{minibuffer-local-ns-map} is similar, except that @key{SPC} exits | |
71 just like @key{RET}. This is used mainly for Mocklisp compatibility. | |
72 | |
73 @item | |
74 @code{minibuffer-local-completion-map} is for permissive completion. | |
75 | |
76 @item | |
77 @code{minibuffer-local-must-match-map} is for strict completion and | |
78 for cautious completion. | |
79 @end itemize | |
80 | |
81 @node Text from Minibuffer | |
82 @section Reading Text Strings with the Minibuffer | |
83 | |
84 Most often, the minibuffer is used to read text as a string. It can | |
85 also be used to read a Lisp object in textual form. The most basic | |
86 primitive for minibuffer input is @code{read-from-minibuffer}; it can do | |
87 either one. | |
88 | |
89 In most cases, you should not call minibuffer input functions in the | |
90 middle of a Lisp function. Instead, do all minibuffer input as part of | |
91 reading the arguments for a command, in the @code{interactive} spec. | |
92 @xref{Defining Commands}. | |
93 | |
94 @defun read-from-minibuffer prompt-string &optional initial-contents keymap read hist | |
95 This function is the most general way to get input through the | |
96 minibuffer. By default, it accepts arbitrary text and returns it as a | |
97 string; however, if @var{read} is non-@code{nil}, then it uses | |
98 @code{read} to convert the text into a Lisp object (@pxref{Input | |
99 Functions}). | |
100 | |
101 The first thing this function does is to activate a minibuffer and | |
102 display it with @var{prompt-string} as the prompt. This value must be a | |
103 string. | |
104 | |
105 Then, if @var{initial-contents} is a string, @code{read-from-minibuffer} | |
106 inserts it into the minibuffer, leaving point at the end. The | |
107 minibuffer appears with this text as its contents. | |
108 | |
109 @c Emacs 19 feature | |
110 The value of @var{initial-contents} may also be a cons cell of the form | |
111 @code{(@var{string} . @var{position})}. This means to insert | |
112 @var{string} in the minibuffer but put point @var{position} characters | |
113 from the beginning, rather than at the end. | |
114 | |
115 If @var{keymap} is non-@code{nil}, that keymap is the local keymap to | |
116 use in the minibuffer. If @var{keymap} is omitted or @code{nil}, the | |
117 value of @code{minibuffer-local-map} is used as the keymap. Specifying | |
118 a keymap is the most important way to customize the minibuffer for | |
119 various applications such as completion. | |
120 | |
121 The argument @var{hist} specifies which history list variable to use | |
122 for saving the input and for history commands used in the minibuffer. | |
123 It defaults to @code{minibuffer-history}. @xref{Minibuffer History}. | |
124 | |
125 When the user types a command to exit the minibuffer, | |
126 @code{read-from-minibuffer} uses the text in the minibuffer to produce | |
127 its return value. Normally it simply makes a string containing that | |
128 text. However, if @var{read} is non-@code{nil}, | |
129 @code{read-from-minibuffer} reads the text and returns the resulting | |
130 Lisp object, unevaluated. (@xref{Input Functions}, for information | |
131 about reading.) | |
132 @end defun | |
133 | |
134 @defun read-string prompt &optional initial | |
135 This function reads a string from the minibuffer and returns it. The | |
136 arguments @var{prompt} and @var{initial} are used as in | |
137 @code{read-from-minibuffer}. The keymap used is | |
138 @code{minibuffer-local-map}. | |
139 | |
140 This is a simplified interface to the | |
141 @code{read-from-minibuffer} function: | |
142 | |
143 @smallexample | |
144 @group | |
145 (read-string @var{prompt} @var{initial}) | |
146 @equiv{} | |
147 (read-from-minibuffer @var{prompt} @var{initial} nil nil nil) | |
148 @end group | |
149 @end smallexample | |
150 @end defun | |
151 | |
152 @defvar minibuffer-local-map | |
153 This is the default local keymap for reading from the minibuffer. By | |
154 default, it makes the following bindings: | |
155 | |
156 @table @asis | |
157 @item @key{LFD} | |
158 @code{exit-minibuffer} | |
159 | |
160 @item @key{RET} | |
161 @code{exit-minibuffer} | |
162 | |
163 @item @kbd{C-g} | |
164 @code{abort-recursive-edit} | |
165 | |
166 @item @kbd{M-n} | |
167 @code{next-history-element} | |
168 | |
169 @item @kbd{M-p} | |
170 @code{previous-history-element} | |
171 | |
172 @item @kbd{M-r} | |
173 @code{next-matching-history-element} | |
174 | |
175 @item @kbd{M-s} | |
176 @code{previous-matching-history-element} | |
177 @end table | |
178 @end defvar | |
179 | |
180 @c In version 18, initial is required | |
181 @c Emacs 19 feature | |
182 @defun read-no-blanks-input prompt &optional initial | |
183 This function reads a string from the minibuffer, but does not allow | |
184 whitespace characters as part of the input: instead, those characters | |
185 terminate the input. The arguments @var{prompt} and @var{initial} are | |
186 used as in @code{read-from-minibuffer}. | |
187 | |
188 This is a simplified interface to the @code{read-from-minibuffer} | |
189 function, and passes the value of the @code{minibuffer-local-ns-map} | |
190 keymap as the @var{keymap} argument for that function. Since the keymap | |
191 @code{minibuffer-local-ns-map} does not rebind @kbd{C-q}, it @emph{is} | |
192 possible to put a space into the string, by quoting it. | |
193 | |
194 @smallexample | |
195 @group | |
196 (read-no-blanks-input @var{prompt} @var{initial}) | |
197 @equiv{} | |
198 (read-from-minibuffer @var{prompt} @var{initial} minibuffer-local-ns-map) | |
199 @end group | |
200 @end smallexample | |
201 @end defun | |
202 | |
203 @defvar minibuffer-local-ns-map | |
204 This built-in variable is the keymap used as the minibuffer local keymap | |
205 in the function @code{read-no-blanks-input}. By default, it makes the | |
206 following bindings, in addition to those of @code{minibuffer-local-map}: | |
207 | |
208 @table @asis | |
209 @item @key{SPC} | |
210 @cindex @key{SPC} in minibuffer | |
211 @code{exit-minibuffer} | |
212 | |
213 @item @key{TAB} | |
214 @cindex @key{TAB} in minibuffer | |
215 @code{exit-minibuffer} | |
216 | |
217 @item @kbd{?} | |
218 @cindex @kbd{?} in minibuffer | |
219 @code{self-insert-and-exit} | |
220 @end table | |
221 @end defvar | |
222 | |
223 @node Object from Minibuffer | |
224 @section Reading Lisp Objects with the Minibuffer | |
225 | |
226 This section describes functions for reading Lisp objects with the | |
227 minibuffer. | |
228 | |
229 @defun read-minibuffer prompt &optional initial | |
230 This function reads a Lisp object in the minibuffer and returns it, | |
231 without evaluating it. The arguments @var{prompt} and @var{initial} are | |
232 used as in @code{read-from-minibuffer}. | |
233 | |
234 This is a simplified interface to the | |
235 @code{read-from-minibuffer} function: | |
236 | |
237 @smallexample | |
238 @group | |
239 (read-minibuffer @var{prompt} @var{initial}) | |
240 @equiv{} | |
241 (read-from-minibuffer @var{prompt} @var{initial} nil t) | |
242 @end group | |
243 @end smallexample | |
244 | |
245 Here is an example in which we supply the string @code{"(testing)"} as | |
246 initial input: | |
247 | |
248 @smallexample | |
249 @group | |
250 (read-minibuffer | |
251 "Enter an expression: " (format "%s" '(testing))) | |
252 | |
253 ;; @r{Here is how the minibuffer is displayed:} | |
254 @end group | |
255 | |
256 @group | |
257 ---------- Buffer: Minibuffer ---------- | |
258 Enter an expression: (testing)@point{} | |
259 ---------- Buffer: Minibuffer ---------- | |
260 @end group | |
261 @end smallexample | |
262 | |
263 @noindent | |
264 The user can type @key{RET} immediately to use the initial input as a | |
265 default, or can edit the input. | |
266 @end defun | |
267 | |
268 @defun eval-minibuffer prompt &optional initial | |
269 This function reads a Lisp expression in the minibuffer, evaluates it, | |
270 then returns the result. The arguments @var{prompt} and @var{initial} | |
271 are used as in @code{read-from-minibuffer}. | |
272 | |
273 This function simply evaluates the result of a call to | |
274 @code{read-minibuffer}: | |
275 | |
276 @smallexample | |
277 @group | |
278 (eval-minibuffer @var{prompt} @var{initial}) | |
279 @equiv{} | |
280 (eval (read-minibuffer @var{prompt} @var{initial})) | |
281 @end group | |
282 @end smallexample | |
283 @end defun | |
284 | |
285 @defun edit-and-eval-command prompt form | |
286 This function reads a Lisp expression in the minibuffer, and then | |
287 evaluates it. The difference between this command and | |
288 @code{eval-minibuffer} is that here the initial @var{form} is not | |
289 optional and it is treated as a Lisp object to be converted to printed | |
290 representation rather than as a string of text. It is printed with | |
291 @code{prin1}, so if it is a string, double-quote characters (@samp{"}) | |
292 appear in the initial text. @xref{Output Functions}. | |
293 | |
294 The first thing @code{edit-and-eval-command} does is to activate the | |
295 minibuffer with @var{prompt} as the prompt. Then it inserts the printed | |
296 representation of @var{form} in the minibuffer, and lets the user edit. | |
297 When the user exits the minibuffer, the edited text is read with | |
298 @code{read} and then evaluated. The resulting value becomes the value | |
299 of @code{edit-and-eval-command}. | |
300 | |
301 In the following example, we offer the user an expression with initial | |
302 text which is a valid form already: | |
303 | |
304 @smallexample | |
305 @group | |
306 (edit-and-eval-command "Please edit: " '(forward-word 1)) | |
307 | |
308 ;; @r{After evaluation of the preceding expression,} | |
309 ;; @r{the following appears in the minibuffer:} | |
310 @end group | |
311 | |
312 @group | |
313 ---------- Buffer: Minibuffer ---------- | |
314 Please edit: (forward-word 1)@point{} | |
315 ---------- Buffer: Minibuffer ---------- | |
316 @end group | |
317 @end smallexample | |
318 | |
319 @noindent | |
320 Typing @key{RET} right away would exit the minibuffer and evaluate the | |
321 expression, thus moving point forward one word. | |
322 @code{edit-and-eval-command} returns @code{t} in this example. | |
323 @end defun | |
324 | |
325 @node Minibuffer History | |
326 @section Minibuffer History | |
327 @cindex minibuffer history | |
328 @cindex history list | |
329 | |
330 A @dfn{minibuffer history list} records previous minibuffer inputs so | |
331 the user can reuse them conveniently. A history list is actually a | |
332 symbol, not a list; it is a variable whose value is a list of strings | |
333 (previous inputs), most recent first. | |
334 | |
335 There are many separate history lists, used for different kinds of | |
336 inputs. It's the Lisp programmer's job to specify the right history | |
337 list for each use of the minibuffer. | |
338 | |
339 The basic minibuffer input functions @code{read-from-minibuffer} and | |
340 @code{completing-read} both accept an optional argument named @var{hist} | |
341 which is how you specify the history list. Here are the possible | |
342 values: | |
343 | |
344 @table @asis | |
345 @item @var{variable} | |
346 Use @var{variable} (a symbol) as the history list. | |
347 | |
348 @item (@var{variable} . @var{startpos}) | |
349 Use @var{variable} (a symbol) as the history list, and assume that the | |
350 initial history position is @var{startpos} (an integer, counting from | |
351 zero which specifies the most recent element of the history). | |
352 | |
353 If you specify @var{startpos}, then you should also specify that element | |
354 of the history as the initial minibuffer contents, for consistency. | |
355 @end table | |
356 | |
357 If you don't specify @var{hist}, then the default history list | |
358 @code{minibuffer-history} is used. For other standard history lists, | |
359 see below. You can also create your own history list variable; just | |
360 initialize it to @code{nil} before the first use. | |
361 | |
362 Both @code{read-from-minibuffer} and @code{completing-read} add new | |
363 elements to the history list automatically, and provide commands to | |
364 allow the user to reuse items on the list. The only thing your program | |
365 needs to do to use a history list is to initialize it and to pass its | |
366 name to the input functions when you wish. But it is safe to modify the | |
367 list by hand when the minibuffer input functions are not using it. | |
368 | |
369 @defvar minibuffer-history | |
370 The default history list for minibuffer history input. | |
371 @end defvar | |
372 | |
373 @defvar query-replace-history | |
374 A history list for arguments to @code{query-replace} (and similar | |
375 arguments to other commands). | |
376 @end defvar | |
377 | |
378 @defvar file-name-history | |
379 A history list for file name arguments. | |
380 @end defvar | |
381 | |
382 @defvar regexp-history | |
383 A history list for regular expression arguments. | |
384 @end defvar | |
385 | |
386 @defvar extended-command-history | |
387 A history list for arguments that are names of extended commands. | |
388 @end defvar | |
389 | |
390 @defvar shell-command-history | |
391 A history list for arguments that are shell commands. | |
392 @end defvar | |
393 | |
394 @defvar read-expression-history | |
395 A history list for arguments that are Lisp expressions to evaluate. | |
396 @end defvar | |
397 | |
398 @defvar Info-minibuffer-history | |
399 A history list for Info mode's minibuffer. | |
400 @end defvar | |
401 | |
402 @defvar Manual-page-minibuffer-history | |
403 A history list for @code{manual-entry}. | |
404 @end defvar | |
405 | |
406 There are many other minibuffer history lists, defined by various | |
407 libraries. An @kbd{M-x apropos} search for @samp{history} should prove | |
408 fruitful in discovering them. | |
409 | |
410 @node Completion | |
411 @section Completion | |
412 @cindex completion | |
413 | |
414 @dfn{Completion} is a feature that fills in the rest of a name | |
415 starting from an abbreviation for it. Completion works by comparing the | |
416 user's input against a list of valid names and determining how much of | |
417 the name is determined uniquely by what the user has typed. For | |
418 example, when you type @kbd{C-x b} (@code{switch-to-buffer}) and then | |
419 type the first few letters of the name of the buffer to which you wish | |
420 to switch, and then type @key{TAB} (@code{minibuffer-complete}), Emacs | |
421 extends the name as far as it can. | |
422 | |
423 Standard XEmacs commands offer completion for names of symbols, files, | |
424 buffers, and processes; with the functions in this section, you can | |
425 implement completion for other kinds of names. | |
426 | |
427 The @code{try-completion} function is the basic primitive for | |
428 completion: it returns the longest determined completion of a given | |
429 initial string, with a given set of strings to match against. | |
430 | |
431 The function @code{completing-read} provides a higher-level interface | |
432 for completion. A call to @code{completing-read} specifies how to | |
433 determine the list of valid names. The function then activates the | |
434 minibuffer with a local keymap that binds a few keys to commands useful | |
435 for completion. Other functions provide convenient simple interfaces | |
436 for reading certain kinds of names with completion. | |
437 | |
438 @menu | |
439 * Basic Completion:: Low-level functions for completing strings. | |
440 (These are too low level to use the minibuffer.) | |
441 * Minibuffer Completion:: Invoking the minibuffer with completion. | |
442 * Completion Commands:: Minibuffer commands that do completion. | |
443 * High-Level Completion:: Convenient special cases of completion | |
444 (reading buffer name, file name, etc.) | |
445 * Reading File Names:: Using completion to read file names. | |
446 * Programmed Completion:: Finding the completions for a given file name. | |
447 @end menu | |
448 | |
449 @node Basic Completion | |
450 @subsection Basic Completion Functions | |
451 | |
452 The two functions @code{try-completion} and @code{all-completions} | |
453 have nothing in themselves to do with minibuffers. We describe them in | |
454 this chapter so as to keep them near the higher-level completion | |
455 features that do use the minibuffer. | |
456 | |
457 @defun try-completion string collection &optional predicate | |
458 This function returns the longest common substring of all possible | |
459 completions of @var{string} in @var{collection}. The value of | |
460 @var{collection} must be an alist, an obarray, or a function that | |
461 implements a virtual set of strings (see below). | |
462 | |
463 Completion compares @var{string} against each of the permissible | |
464 completions specified by @var{collection}; if the beginning of the | |
465 permissible completion equals @var{string}, it matches. If no permissible | |
466 completions match, @code{try-completion} returns @code{nil}. If only | |
467 one permissible completion matches, and the match is exact, then | |
468 @code{try-completion} returns @code{t}. Otherwise, the value is the | |
469 longest initial sequence common to all the permissible completions that | |
470 match. | |
471 | |
472 If @var{collection} is an alist (@pxref{Association Lists}), the | |
473 @sc{car}s of the alist elements form the set of permissible completions. | |
474 | |
475 @cindex obarray in completion | |
476 If @var{collection} is an obarray (@pxref{Creating Symbols}), the names | |
477 of all symbols in the obarray form the set of permissible completions. The | |
478 global variable @code{obarray} holds an obarray containing the names of | |
479 all interned Lisp symbols. | |
480 | |
481 Note that the only valid way to make a new obarray is to create it | |
482 empty and then add symbols to it one by one using @code{intern}. | |
483 Also, you cannot intern a given symbol in more than one obarray. | |
484 | |
485 If the argument @var{predicate} is non-@code{nil}, then it must be a | |
486 function of one argument. It is used to test each possible match, and | |
487 the match is accepted only if @var{predicate} returns non-@code{nil}. | |
488 The argument given to @var{predicate} is either a cons cell from the alist | |
489 (the @sc{car} of which is a string) or else it is a symbol (@emph{not} a | |
490 symbol name) from the obarray. | |
491 | |
492 You can also use a symbol that is a function as @var{collection}. Then | |
493 the function is solely responsible for performing completion; | |
494 @code{try-completion} returns whatever this function returns. The | |
495 function is called with three arguments: @var{string}, @var{predicate} | |
496 and @code{nil}. (The reason for the third argument is so that the same | |
497 function can be used in @code{all-completions} and do the appropriate | |
498 thing in either case.) @xref{Programmed Completion}. | |
499 | |
500 In the first of the following examples, the string @samp{foo} is | |
501 matched by three of the alist @sc{car}s. All of the matches begin with | |
502 the characters @samp{fooba}, so that is the result. In the second | |
503 example, there is only one possible match, and it is exact, so the value | |
504 is @code{t}. | |
505 | |
506 @smallexample | |
507 @group | |
508 (try-completion | |
509 "foo" | |
510 '(("foobar1" 1) ("barfoo" 2) ("foobaz" 3) ("foobar2" 4))) | |
511 @result{} "fooba" | |
512 @end group | |
513 | |
514 @group | |
515 (try-completion "foo" '(("barfoo" 2) ("foo" 3))) | |
516 @result{} t | |
517 @end group | |
518 @end smallexample | |
519 | |
520 In the following example, numerous symbols begin with the characters | |
521 @samp{forw}, and all of them begin with the word @samp{forward}. In | |
522 most of the symbols, this is followed with a @samp{-}, but not in all, | |
523 so no more than @samp{forward} can be completed. | |
524 | |
525 @smallexample | |
526 @group | |
527 (try-completion "forw" obarray) | |
528 @result{} "forward" | |
529 @end group | |
530 @end smallexample | |
531 | |
532 Finally, in the following example, only two of the three possible | |
533 matches pass the predicate @code{test} (the string @samp{foobaz} is | |
534 too short). Both of those begin with the string @samp{foobar}. | |
535 | |
536 @smallexample | |
537 @group | |
538 (defun test (s) | |
539 (> (length (car s)) 6)) | |
540 @result{} test | |
541 @end group | |
542 @group | |
543 (try-completion | |
544 "foo" | |
545 '(("foobar1" 1) ("barfoo" 2) ("foobaz" 3) ("foobar2" 4)) | |
546 'test) | |
547 @result{} "foobar" | |
548 @end group | |
549 @end smallexample | |
550 @end defun | |
551 | |
552 @defun all-completions string collection &optional predicate nospace | |
553 This function returns a list of all possible completions of | |
554 @var{string}. The parameters to this function are the same as to | |
555 @code{try-completion}. | |
556 | |
557 If @var{collection} is a function, it is called with three arguments: | |
558 @var{string}, @var{predicate} and @code{t}; then @code{all-completions} | |
559 returns whatever the function returns. @xref{Programmed Completion}. | |
560 | |
561 If @var{nospace} is non-@code{nil}, completions that start with a space | |
562 are ignored unless @var{string} also starts with a space. | |
563 | |
564 Here is an example, using the function @code{test} shown in the | |
565 example for @code{try-completion}: | |
566 | |
567 @smallexample | |
568 @group | |
569 (defun test (s) | |
570 (> (length (car s)) 6)) | |
571 @result{} test | |
572 @end group | |
573 | |
574 @group | |
575 (all-completions | |
576 "foo" | |
577 '(("foobar1" 1) ("barfoo" 2) ("foobaz" 3) ("foobar2" 4)) | |
578 'test) | |
579 @result{} ("foobar1" "foobar2") | |
580 @end group | |
581 @end smallexample | |
582 @end defun | |
583 | |
584 @defvar completion-ignore-case | |
585 If the value of this variable is | |
586 non-@code{nil}, XEmacs does not consider case significant in completion. | |
587 @end defvar | |
588 | |
589 @node Minibuffer Completion | |
590 @subsection Completion and the Minibuffer | |
591 | |
592 This section describes the basic interface for reading from the | |
593 minibuffer with completion. | |
594 | |
595 @defun completing-read prompt collection &optional predicate require-match initial hist | |
596 This function reads a string in the minibuffer, assisting the user by | |
597 providing completion. It activates the minibuffer with prompt | |
598 @var{prompt}, which must be a string. If @var{initial} is | |
599 non-@code{nil}, @code{completing-read} inserts it into the minibuffer as | |
600 part of the input. Then it allows the user to edit the input, providing | |
601 several commands to attempt completion. | |
602 | |
603 The actual completion is done by passing @var{collection} and | |
604 @var{predicate} to the function @code{try-completion}. This happens in | |
605 certain commands bound in the local keymaps used for completion. | |
606 | |
607 If @var{require-match} is @code{t}, the usual minibuffer exit commands | |
608 won't exit unless the input completes to an element of @var{collection}. | |
609 If @var{require-match} is neither @code{nil} nor @code{t}, then the exit | |
610 commands won't exit unless the input typed is itself an element of | |
611 @var{collection}. If @var{require-match} is @code{nil}, the exit | |
612 commands work regardless of the input in the minibuffer. | |
613 | |
614 The user can exit with null input by typing @key{RET} with an empty | |
615 minibuffer. Then @code{completing-read} returns @code{nil}. This is | |
616 how the user requests whatever default the command uses for the value | |
617 being read. The user can return using @key{RET} in this way regardless | |
618 of the value of @var{require-match}. | |
619 | |
620 The function @code{completing-read} works by calling | |
621 @code{read-minibuffer}. It uses @code{minibuffer-local-completion-map} | |
622 as the keymap if @var{require-match} is @code{nil}, and uses | |
623 @code{minibuffer-local-must-match-map} if @var{require-match} is | |
624 non-@code{nil}. @xref{Completion Commands}. | |
625 | |
626 The argument @var{hist} specifies which history list variable to use for | |
627 saving the input and for minibuffer history commands. It defaults to | |
628 @code{minibuffer-history}. @xref{Minibuffer History}. | |
629 | |
630 Completion ignores case when comparing the input against the possible | |
631 matches, if the built-in variable @code{completion-ignore-case} is | |
632 non-@code{nil}. @xref{Basic Completion}. | |
633 | |
634 Here's an example of using @code{completing-read}: | |
635 | |
636 @smallexample | |
637 @group | |
638 (completing-read | |
639 "Complete a foo: " | |
640 '(("foobar1" 1) ("barfoo" 2) ("foobaz" 3) ("foobar2" 4)) | |
641 nil t "fo") | |
642 @end group | |
643 | |
644 @group | |
645 ;; @r{After evaluation of the preceding expression,} | |
646 ;; @r{the following appears in the minibuffer:} | |
647 | |
648 ---------- Buffer: Minibuffer ---------- | |
649 Complete a foo: fo@point{} | |
650 ---------- Buffer: Minibuffer ---------- | |
651 @end group | |
652 @end smallexample | |
653 | |
654 @noindent | |
655 If the user then types @kbd{@key{DEL} @key{DEL} b @key{RET}}, | |
656 @code{completing-read} returns @code{barfoo}. | |
657 | |
658 The @code{completing-read} function binds three variables to pass | |
659 information to the commands that actually do completion. These | |
660 variables are @code{minibuffer-completion-table}, | |
661 @code{minibuffer-completion-predicate} and | |
662 @code{minibuffer-completion-confirm}. For more information about them, | |
663 see @ref{Completion Commands}. | |
664 @end defun | |
665 | |
666 @node Completion Commands | |
667 @subsection Minibuffer Commands That Do Completion | |
668 | |
669 This section describes the keymaps, commands and user options used in | |
670 the minibuffer to do completion. | |
671 | |
672 @defvar minibuffer-local-completion-map | |
673 @code{completing-read} uses this value as the local keymap when an | |
674 exact match of one of the completions is not required. By default, this | |
675 keymap makes the following bindings: | |
676 | |
677 @table @asis | |
678 @item @kbd{?} | |
679 @code{minibuffer-completion-help} | |
680 | |
681 @item @key{SPC} | |
682 @code{minibuffer-complete-word} | |
683 | |
684 @item @key{TAB} | |
685 @code{minibuffer-complete} | |
686 @end table | |
687 | |
688 @noindent | |
689 with other characters bound as in @code{minibuffer-local-map} | |
690 (@pxref{Text from Minibuffer}). | |
691 @end defvar | |
692 | |
693 @defvar minibuffer-local-must-match-map | |
694 @code{completing-read} uses this value as the local keymap when an | |
695 exact match of one of the completions is required. Therefore, no keys | |
696 are bound to @code{exit-minibuffer}, the command that exits the | |
697 minibuffer unconditionally. By default, this keymap makes the following | |
698 bindings: | |
699 | |
700 @table @asis | |
701 @item @kbd{?} | |
702 @code{minibuffer-completion-help} | |
703 | |
704 @item @key{SPC} | |
705 @code{minibuffer-complete-word} | |
706 | |
707 @item @key{TAB} | |
708 @code{minibuffer-complete} | |
709 | |
710 @item @key{LFD} | |
711 @code{minibuffer-complete-and-exit} | |
712 | |
713 @item @key{RET} | |
714 @code{minibuffer-complete-and-exit} | |
715 @end table | |
716 | |
717 @noindent | |
718 with other characters bound as in @code{minibuffer-local-map}. | |
719 @end defvar | |
720 | |
721 @defvar minibuffer-completion-table | |
722 The value of this variable is the alist or obarray used for completion | |
723 in the minibuffer. This is the global variable that contains what | |
724 @code{completing-read} passes to @code{try-completion}. It is used by | |
725 minibuffer completion commands such as @code{minibuffer-complete-word}. | |
726 @end defvar | |
727 | |
728 @defvar minibuffer-completion-predicate | |
729 This variable's value is the predicate that @code{completing-read} | |
730 passes to @code{try-completion}. The variable is also used by the other | |
731 minibuffer completion functions. | |
732 @end defvar | |
733 | |
734 @deffn Command minibuffer-complete-word | |
735 This function completes the minibuffer contents by at most a single | |
736 word. Even if the minibuffer contents have only one completion, | |
737 @code{minibuffer-complete-word} does not add any characters beyond the | |
738 first character that is not a word constituent. @xref{Syntax Tables}. | |
739 @end deffn | |
740 | |
741 @deffn Command minibuffer-complete | |
742 This function completes the minibuffer contents as far as possible. | |
743 @end deffn | |
744 | |
745 @deffn Command minibuffer-complete-and-exit | |
746 This function completes the minibuffer contents, and exits if | |
747 confirmation is not required, i.e., if | |
748 @code{minibuffer-completion-confirm} is non-@code{nil}. If confirmation | |
749 @emph{is} required, it is given by repeating this command | |
750 immediately---the command is programmed to work without confirmation | |
751 when run twice in succession. | |
752 @end deffn | |
753 | |
754 @defvar minibuffer-completion-confirm | |
755 When the value of this variable is non-@code{nil}, XEmacs asks for | |
756 confirmation of a completion before exiting the minibuffer. The | |
757 function @code{minibuffer-complete-and-exit} checks the value of this | |
758 variable before it exits. | |
759 @end defvar | |
760 | |
761 @deffn Command minibuffer-completion-help | |
762 This function creates a list of the possible completions of the | |
763 current minibuffer contents. It works by calling @code{all-completions} | |
764 using the value of the variable @code{minibuffer-completion-table} as | |
765 the @var{collection} argument, and the value of | |
766 @code{minibuffer-completion-predicate} as the @var{predicate} argument. | |
767 The list of completions is displayed as text in a buffer named | |
768 @samp{*Completions*}. | |
769 @end deffn | |
770 | |
771 @defun display-completion-list completions | |
772 This function displays @var{completions} to the stream in | |
773 @code{standard-output}, usually a buffer. (@xref{Read and Print}, for more | |
774 information about streams.) The argument @var{completions} is normally | |
775 a list of completions just returned by @code{all-completions}, but it | |
776 does not have to be. Each element may be a symbol or a string, either | |
777 of which is simply printed, or a list of two strings, which is printed | |
778 as if the strings were concatenated. | |
779 | |
780 This function is called by @code{minibuffer-completion-help}. The | |
781 most common way to use it is together with | |
782 @code{with-output-to-temp-buffer}, like this: | |
783 | |
784 @example | |
785 (with-output-to-temp-buffer "*Completions*" | |
786 (display-completion-list | |
787 (all-completions (buffer-string) my-alist))) | |
788 @end example | |
789 @end defun | |
790 | |
791 @defopt completion-auto-help | |
792 If this variable is non-@code{nil}, the completion commands | |
793 automatically display a list of possible completions whenever nothing | |
794 can be completed because the next character is not uniquely determined. | |
795 @end defopt | |
796 | |
797 @node High-Level Completion | |
798 @subsection High-Level Completion Functions | |
799 | |
800 This section describes the higher-level convenient functions for | |
801 reading certain sorts of names with completion. | |
802 | |
803 In most cases, you should not call these functions in the middle of a | |
804 Lisp function. When possible, do all minibuffer input as part of | |
805 reading the arguments for a command, in the @code{interactive} spec. | |
806 @xref{Defining Commands}. | |
807 | |
808 @defun read-buffer prompt &optional default existing | |
809 This function reads the name of a buffer and returns it as a string. | |
810 The argument @var{default} is the default name to use, the value to | |
811 return if the user exits with an empty minibuffer. If non-@code{nil}, | |
812 it should be a string or a buffer. It is mentioned in the prompt, but | |
813 is not inserted in the minibuffer as initial input. | |
814 | |
815 If @var{existing} is non-@code{nil}, then the name specified must be | |
816 that of an existing buffer. The usual commands to exit the minibuffer | |
817 do not exit if the text is not valid, and @key{RET} does completion to | |
818 attempt to find a valid name. (However, @var{default} is not checked | |
819 for validity; it is returned, whatever it is, if the user exits with the | |
820 minibuffer empty.) | |
821 | |
822 In the following example, the user enters @samp{minibuffer.t}, and | |
823 then types @key{RET}. The argument @var{existing} is @code{t}, and the | |
824 only buffer name starting with the given input is | |
825 @samp{minibuffer.texi}, so that name is the value. | |
826 | |
827 @example | |
828 (read-buffer "Buffer name? " "foo" t) | |
829 @group | |
830 ;; @r{After evaluation of the preceding expression,} | |
831 ;; @r{the following prompt appears,} | |
832 ;; @r{with an empty minibuffer:} | |
833 @end group | |
834 | |
835 @group | |
836 ---------- Buffer: Minibuffer ---------- | |
837 Buffer name? (default foo) @point{} | |
838 ---------- Buffer: Minibuffer ---------- | |
839 @end group | |
840 | |
841 @group | |
842 ;; @r{The user types @kbd{minibuffer.t @key{RET}}.} | |
843 @result{} "minibuffer.texi" | |
844 @end group | |
845 @end example | |
846 @end defun | |
847 | |
848 @defun read-command prompt | |
849 This function reads the name of a command and returns it as a Lisp | |
850 symbol. The argument @var{prompt} is used as in | |
851 @code{read-from-minibuffer}. Recall that a command is anything for | |
852 which @code{commandp} returns @code{t}, and a command name is a symbol | |
853 for which @code{commandp} returns @code{t}. @xref{Interactive Call}. | |
854 | |
855 @example | |
856 (read-command "Command name? ") | |
857 | |
858 @group | |
859 ;; @r{After evaluation of the preceding expression,} | |
860 ;; @r{the following prompt appears with an empty minibuffer:} | |
861 @end group | |
862 | |
863 @group | |
864 ---------- Buffer: Minibuffer ---------- | |
865 Command name? | |
866 ---------- Buffer: Minibuffer ---------- | |
867 @end group | |
868 @end example | |
869 | |
870 @noindent | |
871 If the user types @kbd{forward-c @key{RET}}, then this function returns | |
872 @code{forward-char}. | |
873 | |
874 The @code{read-command} function is a simplified interface to the | |
875 function @code{completing-read}. It uses the variable @code{obarray} so | |
876 as to complete in the set of extant Lisp symbols, and it uses the | |
877 @code{commandp} predicate so as to accept only command names: | |
878 | |
879 @cindex @code{commandp} example | |
880 @example | |
881 @group | |
882 (read-command @var{prompt}) | |
883 @equiv{} | |
884 (intern (completing-read @var{prompt} obarray | |
885 'commandp t nil)) | |
886 @end group | |
887 @end example | |
888 @end defun | |
889 | |
890 @defun read-variable prompt | |
891 This function reads the name of a user variable and returns it as a | |
892 symbol. | |
893 | |
894 @example | |
895 @group | |
896 (read-variable "Variable name? ") | |
897 | |
898 ;; @r{After evaluation of the preceding expression,} | |
899 ;; @r{the following prompt appears,} | |
900 ;; @r{with an empty minibuffer:} | |
901 @end group | |
902 | |
903 @group | |
904 ---------- Buffer: Minibuffer ---------- | |
905 Variable name? @point{} | |
906 ---------- Buffer: Minibuffer ---------- | |
907 @end group | |
908 @end example | |
909 | |
910 @noindent | |
911 If the user then types @kbd{fill-p @key{RET}}, @code{read-variable} | |
912 returns @code{fill-prefix}. | |
913 | |
914 This function is similar to @code{read-command}, but uses the | |
915 predicate @code{user-variable-p} instead of @code{commandp}: | |
916 | |
917 @cindex @code{user-variable-p} example | |
918 @example | |
919 @group | |
920 (read-variable @var{prompt}) | |
921 @equiv{} | |
922 (intern | |
923 (completing-read @var{prompt} obarray | |
924 'user-variable-p t nil)) | |
925 @end group | |
926 @end example | |
927 @end defun | |
928 | |
929 @node Reading File Names | |
930 @subsection Reading File Names | |
931 | |
932 Here is another high-level completion function, designed for reading a | |
933 file name. It provides special features including automatic insertion | |
934 of the default directory. | |
935 | |
936 @defun read-file-name prompt &optional directory default existing initial | |
937 This function reads a file name in the minibuffer, prompting with | |
938 @var{prompt} and providing completion. If @var{default} is | |
939 non-@code{nil}, then the function returns @var{default} if the user just | |
940 types @key{RET}. @var{default} is not checked for validity; it is | |
941 returned, whatever it is, if the user exits with the minibuffer empty. | |
942 | |
943 If @var{existing} is non-@code{nil}, then the user must specify the name | |
944 of an existing file; @key{RET} performs completion to make the name | |
945 valid if possible, and then refuses to exit if it is not valid. If the | |
946 value of @var{existing} is neither @code{nil} nor @code{t}, then | |
947 @key{RET} also requires confirmation after completion. If | |
948 @var{existing} is @code{nil}, then the name of a nonexistent file is | |
949 acceptable. | |
950 | |
951 The argument @var{directory} specifies the directory to use for | |
952 completion of relative file names. If @code{insert-default-directory} | |
953 is non-@code{nil}, @var{directory} is also inserted in the minibuffer as | |
954 initial input. It defaults to the current buffer's value of | |
955 @code{default-directory}. | |
956 | |
957 @c Emacs 19 feature | |
958 If you specify @var{initial}, that is an initial file name to insert in | |
959 the buffer (after with @var{directory}, if that is inserted). In this | |
960 case, point goes at the beginning of @var{initial}. The default for | |
961 @var{initial} is @code{nil}---don't insert any file name. To see what | |
962 @var{initial} does, try the command @kbd{C-x C-v}. | |
963 | |
964 Here is an example: | |
965 | |
966 @example | |
967 @group | |
968 (read-file-name "The file is ") | |
969 | |
970 ;; @r{After evaluation of the preceding expression,} | |
971 ;; @r{the following appears in the minibuffer:} | |
972 @end group | |
973 | |
974 @group | |
975 ---------- Buffer: Minibuffer ---------- | |
976 The file is /gp/gnu/elisp/@point{} | |
977 ---------- Buffer: Minibuffer ---------- | |
978 @end group | |
979 @end example | |
980 | |
981 @noindent | |
982 Typing @kbd{manual @key{TAB}} results in the following: | |
983 | |
984 @example | |
985 @group | |
986 ---------- Buffer: Minibuffer ---------- | |
987 The file is /gp/gnu/elisp/manual.texi@point{} | |
988 ---------- Buffer: Minibuffer ---------- | |
989 @end group | |
990 @end example | |
991 | |
992 @c Wordy to avoid overfull hbox in smallbook mode. | |
993 @noindent | |
994 If the user types @key{RET}, @code{read-file-name} returns the file name | |
995 as the string @code{"/gp/gnu/elisp/manual.texi"}. | |
996 @end defun | |
997 | |
998 @defopt insert-default-directory | |
999 This variable is used by @code{read-file-name}. Its value controls | |
1000 whether @code{read-file-name} starts by placing the name of the default | |
1001 directory in the minibuffer, plus the initial file name if any. If the | |
1002 value of this variable is @code{nil}, then @code{read-file-name} does | |
1003 not place any initial input in the minibuffer (unless you specify | |
1004 initial input with the @var{initial} argument). In that case, the | |
1005 default directory is still used for completion of relative file names, | |
1006 but is not displayed. | |
1007 | |
1008 For example: | |
1009 | |
1010 @example | |
1011 @group | |
1012 ;; @r{Here the minibuffer starts out with the default directory.} | |
1013 (let ((insert-default-directory t)) | |
1014 (read-file-name "The file is ")) | |
1015 @end group | |
1016 | |
1017 @group | |
1018 ---------- Buffer: Minibuffer ---------- | |
1019 The file is ~lewis/manual/@point{} | |
1020 ---------- Buffer: Minibuffer ---------- | |
1021 @end group | |
1022 | |
1023 @group | |
1024 ;; @r{Here the minibuffer is empty and only the prompt} | |
1025 ;; @r{appears on its line.} | |
1026 (let ((insert-default-directory nil)) | |
1027 (read-file-name "The file is ")) | |
1028 @end group | |
1029 | |
1030 @group | |
1031 ---------- Buffer: Minibuffer ---------- | |
1032 The file is @point{} | |
1033 ---------- Buffer: Minibuffer ---------- | |
1034 @end group | |
1035 @end example | |
1036 @end defopt | |
1037 | |
1038 @node Programmed Completion | |
1039 @subsection Programmed Completion | |
1040 @cindex programmed completion | |
1041 | |
1042 Sometimes it is not possible to create an alist or an obarray | |
1043 containing all the intended possible completions. In such a case, you | |
1044 can supply your own function to compute the completion of a given string. | |
1045 This is called @dfn{programmed completion}. | |
1046 | |
1047 To use this feature, pass a symbol with a function definition as the | |
1048 @var{collection} argument to @code{completing-read}. The function | |
1049 @code{completing-read} arranges to pass your completion function along | |
1050 to @code{try-completion} and @code{all-completions}, which will then let | |
1051 your function do all the work. | |
1052 | |
1053 The completion function should accept three arguments: | |
1054 | |
1055 @itemize @bullet | |
1056 @item | |
1057 The string to be completed. | |
1058 | |
1059 @item | |
1060 The predicate function to filter possible matches, or @code{nil} if | |
1061 none. Your function should call the predicate for each possible match, | |
1062 and ignore the possible match if the predicate returns @code{nil}. | |
1063 | |
1064 @item | |
1065 A flag specifying the type of operation. | |
1066 @end itemize | |
1067 | |
1068 There are three flag values for three operations: | |
1069 | |
1070 @itemize @bullet | |
1071 @item | |
1072 @code{nil} specifies @code{try-completion}. The completion function | |
1073 should return the completion of the specified string, or @code{t} if the | |
1074 string is an exact match already, or @code{nil} if the string matches no | |
1075 possibility. | |
1076 | |
1077 @item | |
1078 @code{t} specifies @code{all-completions}. The completion function | |
1079 should return a list of all possible completions of the specified | |
1080 string. | |
1081 | |
1082 @item | |
1083 @code{lambda} specifies a test for an exact match. The completion | |
1084 function should return @code{t} if the specified string is an exact | |
1085 match for some possibility; @code{nil} otherwise. | |
1086 @end itemize | |
1087 | |
1088 It would be consistent and clean for completion functions to allow | |
1089 lambda expressions (lists that are functions) as well as function | |
1090 symbols as @var{collection}, but this is impossible. Lists as | |
1091 completion tables are already assigned another meaning---as alists. It | |
1092 would be unreliable to fail to handle an alist normally because it is | |
1093 also a possible function. So you must arrange for any function you wish | |
1094 to use for completion to be encapsulated in a symbol. | |
1095 | |
1096 Emacs uses programmed completion when completing file names. | |
1097 @xref{File Name Completion}. | |
1098 | |
1099 @node Yes-or-No Queries | |
1100 @section Yes-or-No Queries | |
1101 @cindex asking the user questions | |
1102 @cindex querying the user | |
1103 @cindex yes-or-no questions | |
1104 | |
1105 This section describes functions used to ask the user a yes-or-no | |
1106 question. The function @code{y-or-n-p} can be answered with a single | |
1107 character; it is useful for questions where an inadvertent wrong answer | |
1108 will not have serious consequences. @code{yes-or-no-p} is suitable for | |
1109 more momentous questions, since it requires three or four characters to | |
1110 answer. Variations of these functions can be used to ask a yes-or-no | |
1111 question using a dialog box, or optionally using one. | |
1112 | |
1113 If either of these functions is called in a command that was invoked | |
1114 using the mouse, then it uses a dialog box or pop-up menu to ask the | |
1115 question. Otherwise, it uses keyboard input. | |
1116 | |
1117 Strictly speaking, @code{yes-or-no-p} uses the minibuffer and | |
1118 @code{y-or-n-p} does not; but it seems best to describe them together. | |
1119 | |
1120 @defun y-or-n-p prompt | |
1121 This function asks the user a question, expecting input in the echo | |
1122 area. It returns @code{t} if the user types @kbd{y}, @code{nil} if the | |
1123 user types @kbd{n}. This function also accepts @key{SPC} to mean yes | |
1124 and @key{DEL} to mean no. It accepts @kbd{C-]} to mean ``quit'', like | |
1125 @kbd{C-g}, because the question might look like a minibuffer and for | |
1126 that reason the user might try to use @kbd{C-]} to get out. The answer | |
1127 is a single character, with no @key{RET} needed to terminate it. Upper | |
1128 and lower case are equivalent. | |
1129 | |
1130 ``Asking the question'' means printing @var{prompt} in the echo area, | |
1131 followed by the string @w{@samp{(y or n) }}. If the input is not one of | |
1132 the expected answers (@kbd{y}, @kbd{n}, @kbd{@key{SPC}}, | |
1133 @kbd{@key{DEL}}, or something that quits), the function responds | |
1134 @samp{Please answer y or n.}, and repeats the request. | |
1135 | |
1136 This function does not actually use the minibuffer, since it does not | |
1137 allow editing of the answer. It actually uses the echo area (@pxref{The | |
1138 Echo Area}), which uses the same screen space as the minibuffer. The | |
1139 cursor moves to the echo area while the question is being asked. | |
1140 | |
1141 The answers and their meanings, even @samp{y} and @samp{n}, are not | |
1142 hardwired. The keymap @code{query-replace-map} specifies them. | |
1143 @xref{Search and Replace}. | |
1144 | |
1145 In the following example, the user first types @kbd{q}, which is | |
1146 invalid. At the next prompt the user types @kbd{y}. | |
1147 | |
1148 @smallexample | |
1149 @group | |
1150 (y-or-n-p "Do you need a lift? ") | |
1151 | |
1152 ;; @r{After evaluation of the preceding expression,} | |
1153 ;; @r{the following prompt appears in the echo area:} | |
1154 @end group | |
1155 | |
1156 @group | |
1157 ---------- Echo area ---------- | |
1158 Do you need a lift? (y or n) | |
1159 ---------- Echo area ---------- | |
1160 @end group | |
1161 | |
1162 ;; @r{If the user then types @kbd{q}, the following appears:} | |
1163 | |
1164 @group | |
1165 ---------- Echo area ---------- | |
1166 Please answer y or n. Do you need a lift? (y or n) | |
1167 ---------- Echo area ---------- | |
1168 @end group | |
1169 | |
1170 ;; @r{When the user types a valid answer,} | |
1171 ;; @r{it is displayed after the question:} | |
1172 | |
1173 @group | |
1174 ---------- Echo area ---------- | |
1175 Do you need a lift? (y or n) y | |
1176 ---------- Echo area ---------- | |
1177 @end group | |
1178 @end smallexample | |
1179 | |
1180 @noindent | |
1181 We show successive lines of echo area messages, but only one actually | |
1182 appears on the screen at a time. | |
1183 @end defun | |
1184 | |
1185 @defun yes-or-no-p prompt | |
1186 This function asks the user a question, expecting input in the | |
1187 minibuffer. It returns @code{t} if the user enters @samp{yes}, | |
1188 @code{nil} if the user types @samp{no}. The user must type @key{RET} to | |
1189 finalize the response. Upper and lower case are equivalent. | |
1190 | |
1191 @code{yes-or-no-p} starts by displaying @var{prompt} in the echo area, | |
1192 followed by @w{@samp{(yes or no) }}. The user must type one of the | |
1193 expected responses; otherwise, the function responds @samp{Please answer | |
1194 yes or no.}, waits about two seconds and repeats the request. | |
1195 | |
1196 @code{yes-or-no-p} requires more work from the user than | |
1197 @code{y-or-n-p} and is appropriate for more crucial decisions. | |
1198 | |
1199 Here is an example: | |
1200 | |
1201 @smallexample | |
1202 @group | |
1203 (yes-or-no-p "Do you really want to remove everything? ") | |
1204 | |
1205 ;; @r{After evaluation of the preceding expression,} | |
1206 ;; @r{the following prompt appears,} | |
1207 ;; @r{with an empty minibuffer:} | |
1208 @end group | |
1209 | |
1210 @group | |
1211 ---------- Buffer: minibuffer ---------- | |
1212 Do you really want to remove everything? (yes or no) | |
1213 ---------- Buffer: minibuffer ---------- | |
1214 @end group | |
1215 @end smallexample | |
1216 | |
1217 @noindent | |
1218 If the user first types @kbd{y @key{RET}}, which is invalid because this | |
1219 function demands the entire word @samp{yes}, it responds by displaying | |
1220 these prompts, with a brief pause between them: | |
1221 | |
1222 @smallexample | |
1223 @group | |
1224 ---------- Buffer: minibuffer ---------- | |
1225 Please answer yes or no. | |
1226 Do you really want to remove everything? (yes or no) | |
1227 ---------- Buffer: minibuffer ---------- | |
1228 @end group | |
1229 @end smallexample | |
1230 @end defun | |
1231 | |
1232 @c The rest is XEmacs stuff | |
1233 @defun yes-or-no-p-dialog-box prompt | |
1234 This function asks the user a ``y or n'' question with a popup dialog | |
1235 box. It returns @code{t} if the answer is ``yes''. @var{prompt} is the | |
1236 string to display to ask the question. | |
1237 @end defun | |
1238 | |
1239 The following functions ask a question either in the minibuffer or a | |
1240 dialog box, depending on whether the last user event (which presumably | |
1241 invoked this command) was a keyboard or mouse event. When XEmacs is | |
1242 running on a window system, the functions @code{y-or-n-p} and | |
1243 @code{yes-or-no-p} are replaced with the following functions, so that | |
1244 menu items bring up dialog boxes instead of minibuffer questions. | |
1245 | |
1246 @defun y-or-n-p-maybe-dialog-box prompt | |
1247 This function asks user a ``y or n'' question, using either a dialog box | |
1248 or the minibuffer, as appropriate. | |
1249 @end defun | |
1250 | |
1251 @defun yes-or-no-p-maybe-dialog-box prompt | |
1252 This function asks user a ``yes or no'' question, using either a dialog | |
1253 box or the minibuffer, as appropriate. | |
1254 @end defun | |
1255 | |
1256 @node Multiple Queries | |
1257 @section Asking Multiple Y-or-N Questions | |
1258 | |
1259 When you have a series of similar questions to ask, such as ``Do you | |
1260 want to save this buffer'' for each buffer in turn, you should use | |
1261 @code{map-y-or-n-p} to ask the collection of questions, rather than | |
1262 asking each question individually. This gives the user certain | |
1263 convenient facilities such as the ability to answer the whole series at | |
1264 once. | |
1265 | |
1266 @defun map-y-or-n-p prompter actor list &optional help action-alist | |
1267 This function, new in Emacs 19, asks the user a series of questions, | |
1268 reading a single-character answer in the echo area for each one. | |
1269 | |
1270 The value of @var{list} specifies the objects to ask questions about. | |
1271 It should be either a list of objects or a generator function. If it is | |
1272 a function, it should expect no arguments, and should return either the | |
1273 next object to ask about, or @code{nil} meaning stop asking questions. | |
1274 | |
1275 The argument @var{prompter} specifies how to ask each question. If | |
1276 @var{prompter} is a string, the question text is computed like this: | |
1277 | |
1278 @example | |
1279 (format @var{prompter} @var{object}) | |
1280 @end example | |
1281 | |
1282 @noindent | |
1283 where @var{object} is the next object to ask about (as obtained from | |
1284 @var{list}). | |
1285 | |
1286 If not a string, @var{prompter} should be a function of one argument | |
1287 (the next object to ask about) and should return the question text. If | |
1288 the value is a string, that is the question to ask the user. The | |
1289 function can also return @code{t} meaning do act on this object (and | |
1290 don't ask the user), or @code{nil} meaning ignore this object (and don't | |
1291 ask the user). | |
1292 | |
1293 The argument @var{actor} says how to act on the answers that the user | |
1294 gives. It should be a function of one argument, and it is called with | |
1295 each object that the user says yes for. Its argument is always an | |
1296 object obtained from @var{list}. | |
1297 | |
1298 If the argument @var{help} is given, it should be a list of this form: | |
1299 | |
1300 @example | |
1301 (@var{singular} @var{plural} @var{action}) | |
1302 @end example | |
1303 | |
1304 @noindent | |
1305 where @var{singular} is a string containing a singular noun that | |
1306 describes the objects conceptually being acted on, @var{plural} is the | |
1307 corresponding plural noun, and @var{action} is a transitive verb | |
1308 describing what @var{actor} does. | |
1309 | |
1310 If you don't specify @var{help}, the default is @code{("object" | |
1311 "objects" "act on")}. | |
1312 | |
1313 Each time a question is asked, the user may enter @kbd{y}, @kbd{Y}, or | |
1314 @key{SPC} to act on that object; @kbd{n}, @kbd{N}, or @key{DEL} to skip | |
1315 that object; @kbd{!} to act on all following objects; @key{ESC} or | |
1316 @kbd{q} to exit (skip all following objects); @kbd{.} (period) to act on | |
1317 the current object and then exit; or @kbd{C-h} to get help. These are | |
1318 the same answers that @code{query-replace} accepts. The keymap | |
1319 @code{query-replace-map} defines their meaning for @code{map-y-or-n-p} | |
1320 as well as for @code{query-replace}; see @ref{Search and Replace}. | |
1321 | |
1322 You can use @var{action-alist} to specify additional possible answers | |
1323 and what they mean. It is an alist of elements of the form | |
1324 @code{(@var{char} @var{function} @var{help})}, each of which defines one | |
1325 additional answer. In this element, @var{char} is a character (the | |
1326 answer); @var{function} is a function of one argument (an object from | |
1327 @var{list}); @var{help} is a string. | |
1328 | |
1329 When the user responds with @var{char}, @code{map-y-or-n-p} calls | |
1330 @var{function}. If it returns non-@code{nil}, the object is considered | |
1331 ``acted upon'', and @code{map-y-or-n-p} advances to the next object in | |
1332 @var{list}. If it returns @code{nil}, the prompt is repeated for the | |
1333 same object. | |
1334 | |
1335 If @code{map-y-or-n-p} is called in a command that was invoked using the | |
1336 mouse---more precisely, if @code{last-nonmenu-event} (@pxref{Command | |
1337 Loop Info}) is either @code{nil} or a list---then it uses a dialog box | |
1338 or pop-up menu to ask the question. In this case, it does not use | |
1339 keyboard input or the echo area. You can force use of the mouse or use | |
1340 of keyboard input by binding @code{last-nonmenu-event} to a suitable | |
1341 value around the call. | |
1342 | |
1343 The return value of @code{map-y-or-n-p} is the number of objects acted on. | |
1344 @end defun | |
1345 | |
1346 @node Minibuffer Misc | |
1347 @section Minibuffer Miscellany | |
1348 | |
1349 This section describes some basic functions and variables related to | |
1350 minibuffers. | |
1351 | |
1352 @deffn Command exit-minibuffer | |
1353 This command exits the active minibuffer. It is normally bound to | |
1354 keys in minibuffer local keymaps. | |
1355 @end deffn | |
1356 | |
1357 @deffn Command self-insert-and-exit | |
1358 This command exits the active minibuffer after inserting the last | |
1359 character typed on the keyboard (found in @code{last-command-char}; | |
1360 @pxref{Command Loop Info}). | |
1361 @end deffn | |
1362 | |
1363 @deffn Command previous-history-element n | |
1364 This command replaces the minibuffer contents with the value of the | |
1365 @var{n}th previous (older) history element. | |
1366 @end deffn | |
1367 | |
1368 @deffn Command next-history-element n | |
1369 This command replaces the minibuffer contents with the value of the | |
1370 @var{n}th more recent history element. | |
1371 @end deffn | |
1372 | |
1373 @deffn Command previous-matching-history-element pattern | |
1374 This command replaces the minibuffer contents with the value of the | |
1375 previous (older) history element that matches @var{pattern} (a regular | |
1376 expression). | |
1377 @end deffn | |
1378 | |
1379 @deffn Command next-matching-history-element pattern | |
1380 This command replaces the minibuffer contents with the value of the next | |
1381 (newer) history element that matches @var{pattern} (a regular | |
1382 expression). | |
1383 @end deffn | |
1384 | |
1385 @defun minibuffer-prompt | |
1386 This function returns the prompt string of the currently active | |
1387 minibuffer. If no minibuffer is active, it returns @code{nil}. | |
1388 @end defun | |
1389 | |
1390 @defun minibuffer-prompt-width | |
1391 This function returns the display width of the prompt string of the | |
1392 currently active minibuffer. If no minibuffer is active, it returns 0. | |
1393 @end defun | |
1394 | |
1395 @defvar minibuffer-setup-hook | |
1396 This is a normal hook that is run whenever the minibuffer is entered. | |
1397 @xref{Hooks}. | |
1398 @end defvar | |
1399 | |
1400 @defvar minibuffer-exit-hook | |
1401 This is a normal hook that is run whenever the minibuffer is exited. | |
1402 @xref{Hooks}. | |
1403 @end defvar | |
1404 | |
1405 @defvar minibuffer-help-form | |
1406 The current value of this variable is used to rebind @code{help-form} | |
1407 locally inside the minibuffer (@pxref{Help Functions}). | |
1408 @end defvar | |
1409 | |
1410 @defun active-minibuffer-window | |
1411 This function returns the currently active minibuffer window, or | |
1412 @code{nil} if none is currently active. | |
1413 @end defun | |
1414 | |
1415 @defun minibuffer-window &optional frame | |
1416 This function returns the minibuffer window used for frame @var{frame}. | |
1417 If @var{frame} is @code{nil}, that stands for the current frame. Note | |
1418 that the minibuffer window used by a frame need not be part of that | |
1419 frame---a frame that has no minibuffer of its own necessarily uses some | |
1420 other frame's minibuffer window. | |
1421 @end defun | |
1422 | |
1423 @c Emacs 19 feature | |
1424 @defun window-minibuffer-p window | |
1425 This function returns non-@code{nil} if @var{window} is a minibuffer window. | |
1426 @end defun | |
1427 | |
1428 It is not correct to determine whether a given window is a minibuffer by | |
1429 comparing it with the result of @code{(minibuffer-window)}, because | |
1430 there can be more than one minibuffer window if there is more than one | |
1431 frame. | |
1432 | |
1433 @defun minibuffer-window-active-p window | |
1434 This function returns non-@code{nil} if @var{window}, assumed to be | |
1435 a minibuffer window, is currently active. | |
1436 @end defun | |
1437 | |
1438 @defvar minibuffer-scroll-window | |
1439 If the value of this variable is non-@code{nil}, it should be a window | |
1440 object. When the function @code{scroll-other-window} is called in the | |
1441 minibuffer, it scrolls this window. | |
1442 @end defvar | |
1443 | |
1444 Finally, some functions and variables deal with recursive minibuffers | |
1445 (@pxref{Recursive Editing}): | |
1446 | |
1447 @defun minibuffer-depth | |
1448 This function returns the current depth of activations of the | |
1449 minibuffer, a nonnegative integer. If no minibuffers are active, it | |
1450 returns zero. | |
1451 @end defun | |
1452 | |
1453 @defopt enable-recursive-minibuffers | |
1454 If this variable is non-@code{nil}, you can invoke commands (such as | |
1455 @code{find-file}) that use minibuffers even while in the minibuffer | |
1456 window. Such invocation produces a recursive editing level for a new | |
1457 minibuffer. The outer-level minibuffer is invisible while you are | |
1458 editing the inner one. | |
1459 | |
1460 This variable only affects invoking the minibuffer while the | |
1461 minibuffer window is selected. If you switch windows while in the | |
1462 minibuffer, you can always invoke minibuffer commands while some other | |
1463 window is selected. | |
1464 @end defopt | |
1465 | |
1466 @c Emacs 19 feature | |
1467 In FSF Emacs 19, if a command name has a property | |
1468 @code{enable-recursive-minibuffers} that is non-@code{nil}, then the | |
1469 command can use the minibuffer to read arguments even if it is invoked | |
1470 from the minibuffer. The minibuffer command | |
1471 @code{next-matching-history-element} (normally @kbd{M-s} in the | |
1472 minibuffer) uses this feature. | |
1473 | |
1474 This is not implemented in XEmacs because it is a kludge. If you | |
1475 want to explicitly set the value of @code{enable-recursive-minibuffers} | |
1476 in this fashion, just use an evaluated interactive spec and bind | |
1477 @code{enable-recursive-minibuffers} while reading from the minibuffer. | |
1478 See the definition of @code{next-matching-history-element} in | |
1479 @file{lisp/prim/minibuf.el}. |