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1
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2 \input ../texinfo @c -*-texinfo-*-
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3 @setfilename ../../info/xemacs.info
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4 @comment node-name, next, previous, up
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5
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6
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7 @ifinfo
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8 This file documents the XEmacs editor.
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9
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10 Copyright (C) 1985, 1986, 1988 Richard M. Stallman.
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11 Copyright @copyright{} 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994 Lucid, Inc.
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12 Copyright @copyright{} 1993, 1994 Sun Microsystems, Inc.
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13 Copyright @copyright{} 1995 Amdahl Corporation.
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14
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15 Permission is granted to make and distribute verbatim copies of
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16 this manual provided the copyright notice and this permission notice
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17 are preserved on all copies.
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18
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19 @ignore
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20 Permission is granted to process this file through Tex and print the
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21 results, provided the printed document carries copying permission
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22 notice identical to this one except for the removal of this paragraph
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23 (this paragraph not being relevant to the printed manual).
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24
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25 @end ignore
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26 Permission is granted to copy and distribute modified versions of this
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27 manual under the conditions for verbatim copying, provided also that the
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28 sections entitled ``The GNU Manifesto'', ``Distribution'' and ``GNU
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29 General Public License'' are included exactly as in the original, and
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30 provided that the entire resulting derived work is distributed under the
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31 terms of a permission notice identical to this one.
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32
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33 Permission is granted to copy and distribute translations of this manual
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34 into another language, under the above conditions for modified versions,
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35 except that the sections entitled ``The GNU Manifesto'',
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36 ``Distribution'' and ``GNU General Public License'' may be included in a
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37 translation approved by the author instead of in the original English.
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38 @end ifinfo
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39 @c
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40 @setchapternewpage odd
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41 @settitle XEmacs User's Manual
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42 @c
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43 @titlepage
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44 @sp 6
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45 @center @titlefont{XEmacs User's Manual}
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46 @sp 4
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47 @sp 1
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48 @sp 1
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49 @center July 1994
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50 @center (General Public License upgraded, January 1991)
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51 @sp 5
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52 @center Richard Stallman
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53 @sp 1
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54 @center Lucid, Inc.
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55 @sp 1
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56 @center and
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57 @sp 1
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58 @center Ben Wing
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59 @page
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60 @vskip 0pt plus 1filll
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61 Copyright @copyright{} 1985, 1986, 1988 Richard M. Stallman.
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62
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63 Copyright @copyright{} 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994 Lucid, Inc.
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64
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65 Copyright @copyright{} 1993, 1994 Sun Microsystems, Inc.
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66
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67 Copyright @copyright{} 1995 Amdahl Corporation.
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68
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69 Permission is granted to make and distribute verbatim copies of
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70 this manual provided the copyright notice and this permission notice
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71 are preserved on all copies.
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72
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73 Permission is granted to copy and distribute modified versions of this
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74 manual under the conditions for verbatim copying, provided also that the
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75 sections entitled ``The GNU Manifesto'', ``Distribution'' and ``GNU
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76 General Public License'' are included exactly as in the original, and
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77 provided that the entire resulting derived work is distributed under the
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78 terms of a permission notice identical to this one.
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79
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80 Permission is granted to copy and distribute translations of this manual
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81 into another language, under the above conditions for modified versions,
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82 except that the sections entitled ``The GNU Manifesto'',
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83 ``Distribution'' and ``GNU General Public License'' may be included in a
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84 translation approved by the author instead of in the original English.
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85 @end titlepage
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86 @page
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87 @ifinfo
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88 @node Top, License,, (dir)
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89
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90 The XEmacs Editor
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91 *****************
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92
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93 XEmacs is the extensible, customizable, self-documenting real-time
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94 display editor. This Info file describes how to edit with Emacs
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95 and some of how to customize it, but not how to extend it. It
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2
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96 corresponds to XEmacs version 19.15.
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97
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98 This manual is intended as a detailed reference to XEmacs. If
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99 you are looking for an introductory manual, see the New User's
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100 Guide.
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101
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102 @end ifinfo
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103 @menu
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104 * License:: The GNU General Public License gives you permission
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105 to redistribute XEmacs on certain terms; and also
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106 explains that there is no warranty.
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107 * Distrib:: How to get XEmacs.
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108 * Intro:: An introduction to XEmacs concepts.
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109 * Glossary:: The glossary.
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110 * Manifesto:: What's GNU? Gnu's Not Unix!
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111
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112 Indices, nodes containing large menus
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113 * Key Index:: An item for each standard XEmacs key sequence.
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114 * Command Index:: An item for each command name.
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115 * Variable Index:: An item for each documented variable.
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116 * Concept Index:: An item for each concept.
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117
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118 Important General Concepts
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119 * Frame:: How to interpret what you see on the screen.
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120 * Keystrokes:: Keyboard gestures XEmacs recognizes.
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121 * Pull-down Menus::
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122 The XEmacs Pull-down Menus available under X.
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123 * Entering Emacs::
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124 Starting Emacs from the shell.
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125 * Exiting:: Stopping or killing XEmacs.
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126 * Command Switches::
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127 Hairy startup options.
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128
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129 Fundamental Editing Commands
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130 * Basic:: The most basic editing commands.
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131 * Undo:: Undoing recently made changes in the text.
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132 * Minibuffer:: Entering arguments that are prompted for.
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133 * M-x:: Invoking commands by their names.
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134 * Help:: Commands for asking XEmacs about its commands.
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135
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136 Important Text-Changing Commands
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137 * Mark:: The mark: how to delimit a ``region'' of text.
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138 * Mouse Selection::
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139 Selecting text with the mouse.
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140 * Additional Mouse Operations::
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141 Other operations available from the mouse.
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142 * Killing:: Killing text.
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143 * Yanking:: Recovering killed text. Moving text.
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144 * Using X Selections::
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145 Using primary selection, cut buffers, and highlighted regions.
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146 * Accumulating Text::
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147 Other ways of copying text.
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148 * Rectangles:: Operating on the text inside a rectangle on the screen.
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149 * Registers:: Saving a text string or a location in the buffer.
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150 * Display:: Controlling what text is displayed.
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151 * Search:: Finding or replacing occurrences of a string.
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152 * Fixit:: Commands especially useful for fixing typos.
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153
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154 Larger Units of Text
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155 * Files:: All about handling files.
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156 * Buffers:: Multiple buffers; editing several files at once.
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157 * Windows:: Viewing two pieces of text at once.
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158
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159 Advanced Features
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160 * Major Modes:: Text mode vs. Lisp mode vs. C mode ...
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161 * Indentation:: Editing the white space at the beginnings of lines.
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162 * Text:: Commands and modes for editing English.
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163 * Programs:: Commands and modes for editing programs.
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164 * Running:: Compiling, running and debugging programs.
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165 * Abbrevs:: How to define text abbreviations to reduce
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166 the number of characters you must type.
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167 * Picture:: Editing pictures made up of characters
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168 using the quarter-plane screen model.
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169 * Sending Mail::Sending mail in XEmacs.
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170 * Reading Mail::Reading mail in XEmacs.
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171 * Calendar/Diary:: A Calendar and diary facility in XEmacs.
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172 * Sorting:: Sorting lines, paragraphs or pages within XEmacs.
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173 * Shell:: Executing shell commands from XEmacs.
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174 * Narrowing:: Restricting display and editing to a portion
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175 of the buffer.
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176 * Hardcopy:: Printing buffers or regions.
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177 * Recursive Edit::
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178 A command can allow you to do editing
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179 "within the command". This is called a
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180 `recursive editing level'.
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181 * Dissociated Press:: Dissociating text for fun.
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182 * CONX:: A different kind of dissociation.
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183 * Amusements:: Various games and hacks.
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184 * Emulation:: Emulating some other editors with XEmacs.
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185 * Customization:: Modifying the behavior of XEmacs.
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186
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187 Recovery from Problems.
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188 * Quitting:: Quitting and aborting.
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189 * Lossage:: What to do if XEmacs is hung or malfunctioning.
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190 * Bugs:: How and when to report a bug.
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191
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192 Here are some other nodes which are really inferiors of the ones
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193 already listed, mentioned here so you can get to them in one step:
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194
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195 --- The Detailed Node Listing ---
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196
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197 The Organization of the Frame
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198
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199 * Point:: The place in the text where editing commands operate.
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200 * Echo Area:: Short messages appear at the bottom of the frame.
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201 * Mode Line:: Interpreting the mode line.
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202 * XEmacs under X:: Some information on using XEmacs under the X
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203 Window System.
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204
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205 Keystrokes
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206
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207 * Intro to Keystrokes:: Keystrokes as building blocks of key sequences.
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208 * Representing Keystrokes:: Using lists of modifiers and keysyms to
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209 represent keystrokes.
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210 * Key Sequences:: Combine key strokes into key sequences you can
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211 bind to commands.
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212 * String Key Sequences:: Available for upward compatibility.
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213 * Meta Key:: Using @key{ESC} to represent @key{Meta}
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214 * Super and Hyper Keys:: Adding modifier keys on certain keyboards.
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215 * Character Representation:: How characters appear in XEmacs buffers.
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216 * Commands:: How commands are bound to key sequences.
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217
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218 Pull-down Menus
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219
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220 * File Menu:: Items on the File menu.
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221 * Edit Menu:: Items on the Edit menu.
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222 * Apps Menu:: Items on the Apps menu.
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223 * Options Menu:: Items on the Options menu.
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224 * Buffers Menu:: Information about the Buffers menu.
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225 * Tools Menu:: Items on the Tools menu.
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226 * Help Menu:: Items on the Help menu.
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227 * Menu Customization:: Adding and removing menu items and related
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228 operations.
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229
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230 Basic Editing Commands
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231
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232 * Blank Lines:: Commands to make or delete blank lines.
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233 * Continuation Lines:: Lines too wide for the frame.
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234 * Position Info:: What page, line, row, or column is point on?
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235 * Arguments:: Numeric arguments for repeating a command.
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236
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237 The Minibuffer
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238
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239 * File: Minibuffer File. Entering file names with the minibuffer.
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240 * Edit: Minibuffer Edit. How to edit in the minibuffer.
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241 * Completion:: An abbreviation facility for minibuffer input.
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242 * Repetition:: Re-executing commands that used the minibuffer.
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243
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244 The Mark and the Region
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245
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246 * Setting Mark:: Commands to set the mark.
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247 * Using Region:: Summary of ways to operate on contents of the region.
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248 * Marking Objects:: Commands to put region around textual units.
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249 * Mark Ring:: Previous mark positions saved so you can go back there.
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250
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251 Yanking
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252
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253 * Kill Ring:: Where killed text is stored. Basic yanking.
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254 * Appending Kills:: Several kills in a row all yank together.
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255 * Earlier Kills:: Yanking something killed some time ago.
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256
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257 Using X Selections
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258
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259 * X Clipboard Selection:: Pasting to the X clipboard.
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260 * X Selection Commands:: Other operations on the selection.
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261 * X Cut Buffers:: X cut buffers are available for compatibility.
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262 * Active Regions:: Using zmacs-style highlighting of the
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263 selected region.
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264
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265 Registers
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266
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267 * RegPos:: Saving positions in registers.
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268 * RegText:: Saving text in registers.
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269 * RegRect:: Saving rectangles in registers.
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270
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271 Controlling the Display
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272
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273 * Scrolling:: Moving text up and down in a window.
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274 * Horizontal Scrolling:: Moving text left and right in a window.
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275 * Selective Display:: Hiding lines with lots of indentation.
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276 * Display Vars:: Information on variables for customizing display.
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277
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278 Searching and Replacement
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279
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280 * Incremental Search:: Search happens as you type the string.
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281 * Non-Incremental Search:: Specify entire string and then search.
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282 * Word Search:: Search for sequence of words.
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283 * Regexp Search:: Search for match for a regexp.
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284 * Regexps:: Syntax of regular expressions.
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285 * Search Case:: To ignore case while searching, or not.
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286 * Replace:: Search, and replace some or all matches.
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287 * Other Repeating Search:: Operating on all matches for some regexp.
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288
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289 Replacement Commands
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290
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291 * Unconditional Replace:: Replacing all matches for a string.
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292 * Regexp Replace:: Replacing all matches for a regexp.
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293 * Replacement and Case:: How replacements preserve case of letters.
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294 * Query Replace:: How to use querying.
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295
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296 Commands for Fixing Typos
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297
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298 * Kill Errors:: Commands to kill a batch of recently entered text.
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299 * Transpose:: Exchanging two characters, words, lines, lists...
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300 * Fixing Case:: Correcting case of last word entered.
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301 * Spelling:: Apply spelling checker to a word, or a whole file.
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302
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303 File Handling
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304
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305 * File Names:: How to type and edit file name arguments.
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306 * Visiting:: Visiting a file prepares XEmacs to edit the file.
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307 * Saving:: Saving makes your changes permanent.
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308 * Reverting:: Reverting cancels all the changes not saved.
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309 * Auto Save:: Auto Save periodically protects against loss of data.
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310 * Version Control:: Version control systems (RCS and SCCS).
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311 * ListDir:: Listing the contents of a file directory.
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312 * Comparing Files:: Finding where two files differ.
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313 * Dired:: ``Editing'' a directory to delete, rename, etc.
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314 the files in it.
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315 * Misc File Ops:: Other things you can do on files.
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316
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317 Saving Files
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318
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319 * Backup:: How XEmacs saves the old version of your file.
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320 * Interlocking:: How XEmacs protects against simultaneous editing
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321 of one file by two users.
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322
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323 Backup Files
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324
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325 * Names: Backup Names. How backup files are named;
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326 Choosing single or numbered backup files.
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327 * Deletion: Backup Deletion. XEmacs deletes excess numbered backups.
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328 * Copying: Backup Copying. Backups can be made by copying or renaming.
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329
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330 Auto-Saving: Protection Against Disasters
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331
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332 * Files: Auto Save Files.
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333 * Control: Auto Save Control.
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334 * Recover:: Recovering text from auto-save files.
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335
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336 Version Control
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337
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338 * Concepts of VC:: Basic version control information;
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339 checking files in and out.
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340 * Editing with VC:: Commands for editing a file maintained
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341 with version control.
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342 * Variables for Check-in/out:: Variables that affect the commands used
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343 to check files in or out.
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344 * Log Entries:: Logging your changes.
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345 * Change Logs and VC:: Generating a change log file from log
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346 entries.
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347 * Old Versions:: Examining and comparing old versions.
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348 * VC Status:: Commands to view the VC status of files and
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349 look at log entries.
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350 * Renaming and VC:: A command to rename both the source and
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351 master file correctly.
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352 * Snapshots:: How to make and use snapshots, a set of
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353 file versions that can be treated as a unit.
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354 * Version Headers:: Inserting version control headers into
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355 working files.
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356
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357 Snapshots
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358
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359 * Making Snapshots:: The snapshot facilities.
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360 * Snapshot Caveats:: Things to be careful of when using snapshots.
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361
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362 Dired, the Directory Editor
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363
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364 * Enter: Dired Enter. How to invoke Dired.
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365 * Edit: Dired Edit. Editing the Dired buffer.
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366 * Deletion: Dired Deletion. Deleting files with Dired.
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367 * Immed: Dired Immed. Other file operations through Dired.
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368
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369 Using Multiple Buffers
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370
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371 * Select Buffer:: Creating a new buffer or reselecting an old one.
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372 * List Buffers:: Getting a list of buffers that exist.
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373 * Misc Buffer:: Renaming; changing read-onliness; copying text.
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374 * Kill Buffer:: Killing buffers you no longer need.
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375 * Several Buffers:: How to go through the list of all buffers
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376 and operate variously on several of them.
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377
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378 Multiple Windows
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379
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380 * Basic Window:: Introduction to XEmacs windows.
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381 * Split Window:: New windows are made by splitting existing windows.
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382 * Other Window:: Moving to another window or doing something to it.
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383 * Pop Up Window:: Finding a file or buffer in another window.
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384 * Change Window:: Deleting windows and changing their sizes.
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385
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386 Major Modes
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387
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388 * Choosing Modes:: How major modes are specified or chosen.
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389
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390 Indentation
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391
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392 * Indentation Commands:: Various commands and techniques for indentation.
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393 * Tab Stops:: You can set arbitrary "tab stops" and then
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394 indent to the next tab stop when you want to.
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395 * Just Spaces:: You can request indentation using just spaces.
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396
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397 Commands for Human Languages
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398
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399 * Text Mode:: The major modes for editing text files.
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400 * Nroff Mode:: The major mode for editing input to the formatter nroff.
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401 * TeX Mode:: The major modes for editing input to the formatter TeX.
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402 * Outline Mode::The major mode for editing outlines.
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403 * Words:: Moving over and killing words.
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404 * Sentences:: Moving over and killing sentences.
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405 * Paragraphs:: Moving over paragraphs.
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|
|
406 * Pages:: Moving over pages.
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|
407 * Filling:: Filling or justifying text
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408 * Case:: Changing the case of text
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409
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410 @TeX{} Mode
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411
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412 * Editing: TeX Editing. Special commands for editing in TeX mode.
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413 * Printing: TeX Print. Commands for printing part of a file with TeX.
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414
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415 Outline Mode
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416
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417 * Format: Outline Format. What the text of an outline looks like.
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418 * Motion: Outline Motion. Special commands for moving through outlines.
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419 * Visibility: Outline Visibility. Commands to control what is visible.
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420
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421 Filling Text
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422
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423 * Auto Fill:: Auto Fill mode breaks long lines automatically.
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424 * Fill Commands:: Commands to refill paragraphs and center lines.
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|
|
425 * Fill Prefix:: Filling when every line is indented or in a comment, etc.
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|
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426
|
|
|
427 Editing Programs
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428
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|
429 * Program Modes:: Major modes for editing programs.
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430 * Lists:: Expressions with balanced parentheses.
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431 There are editing commands to operate on them.
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432 * Defuns:: Each program is made up of separate functions.
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433 There are editing commands to operate on them.
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|
434 * Grinding:: Adjusting indentation to show the nesting.
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|
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435 * Matching:: Insertion of a close-delimiter flashes matching open.
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|
|
436 * Comments:: Inserting, filling and aligning comments.
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|
|
437 * Balanced Editing:: Inserting two matching parentheses at once, etc.
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|
|
438 * Lisp Completion:: Completion on symbol names in Lisp code.
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|
|
439 * Documentation:: Getting documentation of functions you plan to call.
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|
|
440 * Change Log:: Maintaining a change history for your program.
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|
|
441 * Tags:: Go directly to any function in your program in one
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|
442 command. Tags remembers which file it is in.
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|
|
443 * Fortran:: Fortran mode and its special features.
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|
|
444 * Asm Mode:: Asm mode and its special features.
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|
|
445
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446 Indentation for Programs
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|
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447
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448 * Basic Indent::
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|
449 * Multi-line Indent:: Commands to reindent many lines at once.
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|
|
450 * Lisp Indent:: Specifying how each Lisp function should be indented.
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|
|
451 * C Indent:: Choosing an indentation style for C code.
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|
|
452
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|
|
453 Tag Tables
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|
|
454
|
|
|
455 * Tag Syntax::
|
|
|
456 * Create Tag Table::
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|
|
457 * Select Tag Table::
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|
|
458 * Find Tag::
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|
|
459 * Tags Search::
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|
460 * Tags Stepping::
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|
|
461 * List Tags::
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|
|
462
|
|
|
463 Fortran Mode
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|
|
464
|
|
|
465 * Motion: Fortran Motion. Moving point by statements or subprograms.
|
|
|
466 * Indent: Fortran Indent. Indentation commands for Fortran.
|
|
|
467 * Comments: Fortran Comments. Inserting and aligning comments.
|
|
|
468 * Columns: Fortran Columns. Measuring columns for valid Fortran.
|
|
|
469 * Abbrev: Fortran Abbrev. Built-in abbrevs for Fortran keywords.
|
|
|
470
|
|
|
471 Fortran Indentation
|
|
|
472
|
|
|
473 * Commands: ForIndent Commands. Commands for indenting Fortran.
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|
|
474 * Numbers: ForIndent Num. How line numbers auto-indent.
|
|
|
475 * Conv: ForIndent Conv. Conventions you must obey to avoid trouble.
|
|
|
476 * Vars: ForIndent Vars. Variables controlling Fortran indent style.
|
|
|
477
|
|
|
478 Compiling and Testing Programs
|
|
|
479
|
|
|
480 * Compilation:: Compiling programs in languages other than Lisp
|
|
|
481 (C, Pascal, etc.)
|
|
|
482 * Modes: Lisp Modes. Various modes for editing Lisp programs, with
|
|
|
483 different facilities for running the Lisp programs.
|
|
|
484 * Libraries: Lisp Libraries. Creating Lisp programs to run in XEmacs.
|
|
|
485 * Eval: Lisp Eval. Executing a single Lisp expression in XEmacs.
|
|
|
486 * Debug: Lisp Debug. Debugging Lisp programs running in XEmacs.
|
|
|
487 * Interaction: Lisp Interaction. Executing Lisp in an XEmacs buffer.
|
|
|
488 * External Lisp:: Communicating through XEmacs with a separate Lisp.
|
|
|
489
|
|
|
490 Lisp Libraries
|
|
|
491
|
|
|
492 * Loading:: Loading libraries of Lisp code into XEmacs for use.
|
|
|
493 * Compiling Libraries:: Compiling a library makes it load and run faster.
|
|
|
494 * Mocklisp:: Converting Mocklisp to Lisp so XEmacs can run it.
|
|
|
495
|
|
|
496 Abbrevs
|
|
|
497
|
|
|
498 * Defining Abbrevs:: Defining an abbrev, so it will expand when typed.
|
|
|
499 * Expanding Abbrevs:: Controlling expansion: prefixes, canceling expansion.
|
|
|
500 * Editing Abbrevs:: Viewing or editing the entire list of defined abbrevs.
|
|
|
501 * Saving Abbrevs:: Saving the entire list of abbrevs for another session.
|
|
|
502 * Dynamic Abbrevs:: Abbreviations for words already in the buffer.
|
|
|
503
|
|
|
504 Editing Pictures
|
|
|
505
|
|
|
506 * Basic Picture:: Basic concepts and simple commands of Picture Mode.
|
|
|
507 * Insert in Picture:: Controlling direction of cursor motion
|
|
|
508 after "self-inserting" characters.
|
|
|
509 * Tabs in Picture:: Various features for tab stops and indentation.
|
|
|
510 * Rectangles in Picture:: Clearing and superimposing rectangles.
|
|
|
511
|
|
|
512 Sending Mail
|
|
|
513
|
|
|
514 * Format: Mail Format. Format of the mail being composed.
|
|
|
515 * Headers: Mail Headers. Details of allowed mail header fields.
|
|
|
516 * Mode: Mail Mode. Special commands for editing mail being composed.
|
|
|
517
|
|
|
518 Running Shell Commands from XEmacs
|
|
|
519
|
|
|
520 * Single Shell:: How to run one shell command and return.
|
|
|
521 * Interactive Shell:: Permanent shell taking input via XEmacs.
|
|
|
522 * Shell Mode:: Special XEmacs commands used with permanent shell.
|
|
|
523
|
|
|
524 Customization
|
|
|
525
|
|
|
526 * Minor Modes:: Each minor mode is one feature you can turn on
|
|
|
527 independently of any others.
|
|
|
528 * Variables:: Many XEmacs commands examine XEmacs variables
|
|
|
529 to decide what to do; by setting variables,
|
|
|
530 you can control their functioning.
|
|
|
531 * Keyboard Macros:: A keyboard macro records a sequence of keystrokes
|
|
|
532 to be replayed with a single command.
|
|
|
533 * Key Bindings:: The keymaps say what command each key runs.
|
|
|
534 By changing them, you can "redefine keys".
|
|
|
535 * Syntax:: The syntax table controls how words and expressions
|
|
|
536 are parsed.
|
|
|
537 * Init File:: How to write common customizations in the @file{.emacs}
|
|
|
538 file.
|
|
|
539 * Audible Bell:: Changing how XEmacs sounds the bell.
|
|
|
540 * Faces:: Changing the fonts and colors of a region of text.
|
|
|
541 * X Resources:: X resources controlling various aspects of the
|
|
|
542 behavior of XEmacs.
|
|
|
543
|
|
|
544 Variables
|
|
|
545
|
|
|
546 * Examining:: Examining or setting one variable's value.
|
|
|
547 * Edit Options:: Examining or editing list of all variables' values.
|
|
|
548 * Locals:: Per-buffer values of variables.
|
|
|
549 * File Variables:: How files can specify variable values.
|
|
|
550
|
|
|
551 Keyboard Macros
|
|
|
552
|
|
|
553 * Basic Kbd Macro:: Defining and running keyboard macros.
|
|
|
554 * Save Kbd Macro:: Giving keyboard macros names; saving them in files.
|
|
|
555 * Kbd Macro Query:: Keyboard macros that do different things each use.
|
|
|
556
|
|
|
557 Customizing Key Bindings
|
|
|
558
|
|
|
559 * Keymaps:: Definition of the keymap data structure.
|
|
|
560 Names of XEmacs's standard keymaps.
|
|
|
561 * Rebinding:: How to redefine one key's meaning conveniently.
|
|
|
562 * Disabling:: Disabling a command means confirmation is required
|
|
|
563 before it can be executed. This is done to protect
|
|
|
564 beginners from surprises.
|
|
|
565
|
|
|
566 The Syntax Table
|
|
|
567
|
|
|
568 * Entry: Syntax Entry. What the syntax table records for each character.
|
|
|
569 * Change: Syntax Change. How to change the information.
|
|
|
570
|
|
|
571 The Init File, @file{~/.emacs}
|
|
|
572
|
|
|
573 * Init Syntax:: Syntax of constants in Emacs Lisp.
|
|
|
574 * Init Examples:: How to do some things with an init file.
|
|
|
575 * Terminal Init:: Each terminal type can have an init file.
|
|
|
576
|
|
|
577 Dealing with XEmacs Trouble
|
|
|
578
|
|
|
579 * Stuck Recursive:: `[...]' in mode line around the parentheses.
|
|
|
580 * Screen Garbled:: Garbage on the screen.
|
|
|
581 * Text Garbled:: Garbage in the text.
|
|
|
582 * Unasked-for Search:: Spontaneous entry to incremental search.
|
|
|
583 * Emergency Escape:: Emergency escape---
|
|
|
584 What to do if XEmacs stops responding.
|
|
|
585 * Total Frustration:: When you are at your wits' end.
|
|
|
586
|
|
|
587 @end menu
|
|
|
588
|
|
|
589 @iftex
|
|
|
590 @unnumbered Preface
|
|
|
591
|
|
|
592 This manual documents the use and simple customization of the XEmacs
|
|
|
593 editor. The reader is not expected to be a programmer to use this
|
|
|
594 editor, and simple customizations do not require programming skills either.
|
|
|
595 Users who are not interested in customizing XEmacs can ignore the scattered
|
|
|
596 customization hints.
|
|
|
597
|
|
|
598 This document is primarily a reference manual, but it can also be used as a
|
|
|
599 primer. However, if you are new to XEmacs, consider using the on-line,
|
|
|
600 learn-by-doing tutorial, which you get by running XEmacs and typing
|
|
|
601 @kbd{C-h t}. With it, you learn XEmacs by using XEmacs on a specially
|
|
|
602 designed file which describes commands, tells you when to try them,
|
|
|
603 and then explains the results you see. Using the tutorial gives a more vivid
|
|
|
604 introduction than the printed manual. Also consider reading the XEmacs
|
|
|
605 New User's Guide, which is intended specifically as an introductory
|
|
|
606 manual rather than as a reference guide.
|
|
|
607
|
|
|
608 On first reading, just skim chapters one and two, which describe the
|
|
|
609 notational conventions of the manual and the general appearance of the
|
|
|
610 XEmacs display frame. Note which questions are answered in these chapters,
|
|
|
611 so you can refer back later. After reading chapter four you should
|
|
|
612 practice the commands there. The next few chapters describe fundamental
|
|
|
613 techniques and concepts that are used constantly. You need to understand
|
|
|
614 them thoroughly, experimenting with them if necessary.
|
|
|
615
|
|
|
616 To find the documentation on a particular command, look in the index.
|
|
|
617 Keys (character commands) and command names have separate indexes. There
|
|
|
618 is also a glossary, with a cross reference for each term.
|
|
|
619
|
|
|
620 @ignore
|
|
|
621 If you know vaguely what the command
|
|
|
622 does, look in the command summary. The command summary contains a line or
|
|
|
623 two about each command, and a cross reference to the section of the
|
|
|
624 manual that describes the command in more detail; related commands
|
|
|
625 are grouped together.
|
|
|
626 @end ignore
|
|
|
627
|
|
|
628 This manual comes in two forms: the published form and the Info form.
|
|
|
629 The Info form is for on-line perusal with the INFO program; it is
|
|
|
630 distributed along with XEmacs. Both forms contain substantially the
|
|
|
631 same text and are generated from a common source file, which is also
|
|
|
632 distributed along with XEmacs.
|
|
|
633
|
|
|
634 XEmacs is a member of the Emacs editor family. There are many Emacs
|
|
|
635 editors, all sharing common principles of organization. For information on
|
|
|
636 the underlying philosophy of Emacs and the lessons learned from its
|
|
|
637 development, write for a copy of AI memo 519a, ``Emacs, the Extensible,
|
|
|
638 Customizable Self-Documenting Display Editor'', to Publications Department,
|
|
|
639 Artificial Intelligence Lab, 545 Tech Square, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. At
|
|
|
640 last report they charge $2.25 per copy. Another useful publication is LCS
|
|
|
641 TM-165, ``A Cookbook for an Emacs'', by Craig Finseth, available from
|
|
|
642 Publications Department, Laboratory for Computer Science, 545 Tech Square,
|
|
|
643 Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. The price today is $3.
|
|
|
644
|
|
|
645 This manual is for XEmacs installed on UNIX systems. XEmacs also
|
|
|
646 exists on Microsoft Windows and Windows NT as Win-Emacs (which is
|
|
|
647 actually based on Lucid Emacs 19.6, an older incarnation of XEmacs).
|
|
|
648 @end iftex
|
|
|
649
|
|
|
650 @comment node-name, next, previous, up
|
|
|
651 @node License, Distrib, Top, Top
|
|
|
652 @unnumbered GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE
|
|
|
653 @center Version 1, February 1989
|
|
|
654 @cindex license to copy XEmacs
|
|
|
655 @cindex General Public License
|
|
|
656
|
|
|
657 @display
|
|
|
658 Copyright @copyright{} 1989 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
|
|
|
659 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
|
|
|
660
|
|
|
661 Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies
|
|
|
662 of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.
|
|
|
663 @end display
|
|
|
664
|
|
|
665 @unnumberedsec Preamble
|
|
|
666
|
|
|
667 The license agreements of most software companies try to keep users
|
|
|
668 at the mercy of those companies. By contrast, our General Public
|
|
|
669 License is intended to guarantee your freedom to share and change free
|
|
|
670 software---to make sure the software is free for all its users. The
|
|
|
671 General Public License applies to the Free Software Foundation's
|
|
|
672 software and to any other program whose authors commit to using it.
|
|
|
673 You can use it for your programs, too.
|
|
|
674
|
|
|
675 When we speak of free software, we are referring to freedom, not
|
|
|
676 price. Specifically, the General Public License is designed to make
|
|
|
677 sure that you have the freedom to give away or sell copies of free
|
|
|
678 software, that you receive source code or can get it if you want it,
|
|
|
679 that you can change the software or use pieces of it in new free
|
|
|
680 programs; and that you know you can do these things.
|
|
|
681
|
|
|
682 To protect your rights, we need to make restrictions that forbid
|
|
|
683 anyone to deny you these rights or to ask you to surrender the rights.
|
|
|
684 These restrictions translate to certain responsibilities for you if you
|
|
|
685 distribute copies of the software, or if you modify it.
|
|
|
686
|
|
|
687 For example, if you distribute copies of a such a program, whether
|
|
|
688 gratis or for a fee, you must give the recipients all the rights that
|
|
|
689 you have. You must make sure that they, too, receive or can get the
|
|
|
690 source code. And you must tell them their rights.
|
|
|
691
|
|
|
692 We protect your rights with two steps: (1) copyright the software, and
|
|
|
693 (2) offer you this license which gives you legal permission to copy,
|
|
|
694 distribute and/or modify the software.
|
|
|
695
|
|
|
696 Also, for each author's protection and ours, we want to make certain
|
|
|
697 that everyone understands that there is no warranty for this free
|
|
|
698 software. If the software is modified by someone else and passed on, we
|
|
|
699 want its recipients to know that what they have is not the original, so
|
|
|
700 that any problems introduced by others will not reflect on the original
|
|
|
701 authors' reputations.
|
|
|
702
|
|
|
703 The precise terms and conditions for copying, distribution and
|
|
|
704 modification follow.
|
|
|
705
|
|
|
706 @iftex
|
|
|
707 @unnumberedsec TERMS AND CONDITIONS
|
|
|
708 @end iftex
|
|
|
709 @ifinfo
|
|
|
710 @center TERMS AND CONDITIONS
|
|
|
711 @end ifinfo
|
|
|
712
|
|
|
713 @enumerate
|
|
|
714 @item
|
|
|
715 This License Agreement applies to any program or other work which
|
|
|
716 contains a notice placed by the copyright holder saying it may be
|
|
|
717 distributed under the terms of this General Public License. The
|
|
|
718 ``Program'', below, refers to any such program or work, and a ``work based
|
|
|
719 on the Program'' means either the Program or any work containing the
|
|
|
720 Program or a portion of it, either verbatim or with modifications. Each
|
|
|
721 licensee is addressed as ``you''.
|
|
|
722
|
|
|
723 @item
|
|
|
724 @cindex Distribution
|
|
|
725 You may copy and distribute verbatim copies of the Program's source
|
|
|
726 code as you receive it, in any medium, provided that you conspicuously and
|
|
|
727 appropriately publish on each copy an appropriate copyright notice and
|
|
|
728 disclaimer of warranty; keep intact all the notices that refer to this
|
|
|
729 General Public License and to the absence of any warranty; and give any
|
|
|
730 other recipients of the Program a copy of this General Public License
|
|
|
731 along with the Program. You may charge a fee for the physical act of
|
|
|
732 transferring a copy.
|
|
|
733
|
|
|
734 @item
|
|
|
735 You may modify your copy or copies of the Program or any portion of
|
|
|
736 it, and copy and distribute such modifications under the terms of Paragraph
|
|
|
737 1 above, provided that you also do the following:
|
|
|
738
|
|
|
739 @itemize @bullet
|
|
|
740 @item
|
|
|
741 cause the modified files to carry prominent notices stating that
|
|
|
742 you changed the files and the date of any change; and
|
|
|
743
|
|
|
744 @item
|
|
|
745 cause the whole of any work that you distribute or publish, that
|
|
|
746 in whole or in part contains the Program or any part thereof, either
|
|
|
747 with or without modifications, to be licensed at no charge to all
|
|
|
748 third parties under the terms of this General Public License (except
|
|
|
749 that you may choose to grant warranty protection to some or all
|
|
|
750 third parties, at your option).
|
|
|
751
|
|
|
752 @item
|
|
|
753 If the modified program normally reads commands interactively when
|
|
|
754 run, you must cause it, when started running for such interactive use
|
|
|
755 in the simplest and most usual way, to print or display an
|
|
|
756 announcement including an appropriate copyright notice and a notice
|
|
|
757 that there is no warranty (or else, saying that you provide a
|
|
|
758 warranty) and that users may redistribute the program under these
|
|
|
759 conditions, and telling the user how to view a copy of this General
|
|
|
760 Public License.
|
|
|
761
|
|
|
762 @item
|
|
|
763 You may charge a fee for the physical act of transferring a
|
|
|
764 copy, and you may at your option offer warranty protection in
|
|
|
765 exchange for a fee.
|
|
|
766 @end itemize
|
|
|
767
|
|
|
768 Mere aggregation of another independent work with the Program (or its
|
|
|
769 derivative) on a volume of a storage or distribution medium does not bring
|
|
|
770 the other work under the scope of these terms.
|
|
|
771
|
|
|
772 @item
|
|
|
773 You may copy and distribute the Program (or a portion or derivative of
|
|
|
774 it, under Paragraph 2) in object code or executable form under the terms of
|
|
|
775 Paragraphs 1 and 2 above provided that you also do one of the following:
|
|
|
776
|
|
|
777 @itemize @bullet
|
|
|
778 @item
|
|
|
779 accompany it with the complete corresponding machine-readable
|
|
|
780 source code, which must be distributed under the terms of
|
|
|
781 Paragraphs 1 and 2 above; or,
|
|
|
782
|
|
|
783 @item
|
|
|
784 accompany it with a written offer, valid for at least three
|
|
|
785 years, to give any third party free (except for a nominal charge
|
|
|
786 for the cost of distribution) a complete machine-readable copy of the
|
|
|
787 corresponding source code, to be distributed under the terms of
|
|
|
788 Paragraphs 1 and 2 above; or,
|
|
|
789
|
|
|
790 @item
|
|
|
791 accompany it with the information you received as to where the
|
|
|
792 corresponding source code may be obtained. (This alternative is
|
|
|
793 allowed only for noncommercial distribution and only if you
|
|
|
794 received the program in object code or executable form alone.)
|
|
|
795 @end itemize
|
|
|
796
|
|
|
797 Source code for a work means the preferred form of the work for making
|
|
|
798 modifications to it. For an executable file, complete source code means
|
|
|
799 all the source code for all modules it contains; but, as a special
|
|
|
800 exception, it need not include source code for modules which are standard
|
|
|
801 libraries that accompany the operating system on which the executable
|
|
|
802 file runs, or for standard header files or definitions files that
|
|
|
803 accompany that operating system.
|
|
|
804
|
|
|
805 @item
|
|
|
806 You may not copy, modify, sublicense, distribute or transfer the
|
|
|
807 Program except as expressly provided under this General Public License.
|
|
|
808 Any attempt otherwise to copy, modify, sublicense, distribute or transfer
|
|
|
809 the Program is void, and will automatically terminate your rights to use
|
|
|
810 the Program under this License. However, parties who have received
|
|
|
811 copies, or rights to use copies, from you under this General Public
|
|
|
812 License will not have their licenses terminated so long as such parties
|
|
|
813 remain in full compliance.
|
|
|
814
|
|
|
815 @item
|
|
|
816 By copying, distributing or modifying the Program (or any work based
|
|
|
817 on the Program) you indicate your acceptance of this license to do so,
|
|
|
818 and all its terms and conditions.
|
|
|
819
|
|
|
820 @item
|
|
|
821 Each time you redistribute the Program (or any work based on the
|
|
|
822 Program), the recipient automatically receives a license from the original
|
|
|
823 licensor to copy, distribute or modify the Program subject to these
|
|
|
824 terms and conditions. You may not impose any further restrictions on the
|
|
|
825 recipients' exercise of the rights granted herein.
|
|
|
826
|
|
|
827 @page
|
|
|
828 @item
|
|
|
829 The Free Software Foundation may publish revised and/or new versions
|
|
|
830 of the General Public License from time to time. Such new versions will
|
|
|
831 be similar in spirit to the present version, but may differ in detail to
|
|
|
832 address new problems or concerns.
|
|
|
833
|
|
|
834 Each version is given a distinguishing version number. If the Program
|
|
|
835 specifies a version number of the license which applies to it and ``any
|
|
|
836 later version'', you have the option of following the terms and conditions
|
|
|
837 either of that version or of any later version published by the Free
|
|
|
838 Software Foundation. If the Program does not specify a version number of
|
|
|
839 the license, you may choose any version ever published by the Free Software
|
|
|
840 Foundation.
|
|
|
841
|
|
|
842 @item
|
|
|
843 If you wish to incorporate parts of the Program into other free
|
|
|
844 programs whose distribution conditions are different, write to the author
|
|
|
845 to ask for permission. For software which is copyrighted by the Free
|
|
|
846 Software Foundation, write to the Free Software Foundation; we sometimes
|
|
|
847 make exceptions for this. Our decision will be guided by the two goals
|
|
|
848 of preserving the free status of all derivatives of our free software and
|
|
|
849 of promoting the sharing and reuse of software generally.
|
|
|
850
|
|
|
851 @iftex
|
|
|
852 @heading NO WARRANTY
|
|
|
853 @end iftex
|
|
|
854 @ifinfo
|
|
|
855 @center NO WARRANTY
|
|
|
856 @end ifinfo
|
|
|
857
|
|
|
858 @item
|
|
|
859 BECAUSE THE PROGRAM IS LICENSED FREE OF CHARGE, THERE IS NO WARRANTY
|
|
|
860 FOR THE PROGRAM, TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW. EXCEPT WHEN
|
|
|
861 OTHERWISE STATED IN WRITING THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND/OR OTHER PARTIES
|
|
|
862 PROVIDE THE PROGRAM ``AS IS'' WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESSED
|
|
|
863 OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
|
|
|
864 MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. THE ENTIRE RISK AS
|
|
|
865 TO THE QUALITY AND PERFORMANCE OF THE PROGRAM IS WITH YOU. SHOULD THE
|
|
|
866 PROGRAM PROVE DEFECTIVE, YOU ASSUME THE COST OF ALL NECESSARY SERVICING,
|
|
|
867 REPAIR OR CORRECTION.
|
|
|
868
|
|
|
869 @item
|
|
|
870 IN NO EVENT UNLESS REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW OR AGREED TO IN WRITING WILL
|
|
|
871 ANY COPYRIGHT HOLDER, OR ANY OTHER PARTY WHO MAY MODIFY AND/OR
|
|
|
872 REDISTRIBUTE THE PROGRAM AS PERMITTED ABOVE, BE LIABLE TO YOU FOR DAMAGES,
|
|
|
873 INCLUDING ANY GENERAL, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES
|
|
|
874 ARISING OUT OF THE USE OR INABILITY TO USE THE PROGRAM (INCLUDING BUT NOT
|
|
|
875 LIMITED TO LOSS OF DATA OR DATA BEING RENDERED INACCURATE OR LOSSES
|
|
|
876 SUSTAINED BY YOU OR THIRD PARTIES OR A FAILURE OF THE PROGRAM TO OPERATE
|
|
|
877 WITH ANY OTHER PROGRAMS), EVEN IF SUCH HOLDER OR OTHER PARTY HAS BEEN
|
|
|
878 ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES.
|
|
|
879 @end enumerate
|
|
|
880
|
|
|
881 @iftex
|
|
|
882 @heading END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS
|
|
|
883 @end iftex
|
|
|
884 @ifinfo
|
|
|
885 @center END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS
|
|
|
886 @end ifinfo
|
|
|
887
|
|
|
888 @page
|
|
|
889 @unnumberedsec Appendix: How to Apply These Terms to Your New Programs
|
|
|
890
|
|
|
891 If you develop a new program, and you want it to be of the greatest
|
|
|
892 possible use to humanity, the best way to achieve this is to make it
|
|
|
893 free software which everyone can redistribute and change under these
|
|
|
894 terms.
|
|
|
895
|
|
|
896 To do so, attach the following notices to the program. It is safest to
|
|
|
897 attach them to the start of each source file to most effectively convey
|
|
|
898 the exclusion of warranty; and each file should have at least the
|
|
|
899 ``copyright'' line and a pointer to where the full notice is found.
|
|
|
900
|
|
|
901 @smallexample
|
|
|
902 @var{one line to give the program's name and a brief idea of what it does.}
|
|
|
903 Copyright (C) 19@var{yy} @var{name of author}
|
|
|
904
|
|
|
905 This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
|
|
|
906 it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
|
|
|
907 the Free Software Foundation; either version 1, or (at your option)
|
|
|
908 any later version.
|
|
|
909
|
|
|
910 This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
|
|
|
911 but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
|
|
|
912 MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
|
|
|
913 GNU General Public License for more details.
|
|
|
914
|
|
|
915 You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
|
|
|
916 along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
|
|
|
917 Foundation, Inc., 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
|
|
|
918 @end smallexample
|
|
|
919
|
|
|
920 Also add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail.
|
|
|
921
|
|
|
922 If the program is interactive, make it output a short notice like this
|
|
|
923 when it starts in an interactive mode:
|
|
|
924
|
|
|
925 @smallexample
|
|
|
926 Gnomovision version 69, Copyright (C) 19@var{yy} @var{name of author}
|
|
|
927 Gnomovision comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY; for details type `show w'.
|
|
|
928 This is free software, and you are welcome to redistribute it
|
|
|
929 under certain conditions; type `show c' for details.
|
|
|
930 @end smallexample
|
|
|
931
|
|
|
932 The hypothetical commands `show w' and `show c' should show the
|
|
|
933 appropriate parts of the General Public License. Of course, the
|
|
|
934 commands you use may be called something other than `show w' and `show
|
|
|
935 c'; they could even be mouse-clicks or menu items---whatever suits your
|
|
|
936 program.
|
|
|
937
|
|
|
938 @page
|
|
|
939 You should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or your
|
|
|
940 school, if any, to sign a ``copyright disclaimer'' for the program, if
|
|
|
941 necessary. Here a sample; alter the names:
|
|
|
942
|
|
|
943 @example
|
|
|
944 Yoyodyne, Inc., hereby disclaims all copyright interest in the
|
|
|
945 program `Gnomovision' (a program to direct compilers to make passes
|
|
|
946 at assemblers) written by James Hacker.
|
|
|
947
|
|
|
948 @var{signature of Ty Coon}, 1 April 1989
|
|
|
949 Ty Coon, President of Vice
|
|
|
950 @end example
|
|
|
951
|
|
|
952 That's all there is to it!
|
|
|
953
|
|
|
954 @comment node-name, next, previous, up
|
|
|
955 @node Distrib, Intro, License, Top
|
|
|
956 @unnumbered Distribution
|
|
|
957
|
|
|
958 XEmacs is @dfn{free}; this means that everyone is free to use it and
|
|
|
959 free to redistribute it on a free basis. XEmacs is not in the public
|
|
|
960 domain; it is copyrighted and there are restrictions on its
|
|
|
961 distribution, but these restrictions are designed to permit everything
|
|
|
962 that a good cooperating citizen would want to do. What is not allowed
|
|
|
963 is to try to prevent others from further sharing any version of XEmacs
|
|
|
964 that they might get from you. The precise conditions are found in
|
|
|
965 the GNU General Public License that comes with XEmacs and also appears
|
|
|
966 following this section.
|
|
|
967
|
|
|
968 The easiest way to get a copy of XEmacs is from someone else who has it.
|
|
|
969 You need not ask for permission to do so, or tell any one else; just copy
|
|
|
970 it.
|
|
|
971
|
|
|
972 If you have access to the Internet, you can get the latest version of
|
|
|
973 XEmacs from the anonymous FTP server @file{ftp.xemacs.org} in the directory
|
|
|
974 @file{/pub/xemacs}. It can also be found at numerous other archive
|
|
|
975 sites around the world; check the file @file{etc/DISTRIB} in an XEmacs
|
|
|
976 distribution for the latest known list.
|
|
|
977
|
|
|
978
|
|
|
979 @unnumberedsec Getting Other Versions of Emacs
|
|
|
980
|
|
|
981 The Free Software Foundation's version of Emacs (called @dfn{FSF Emacs}
|
|
|
982 in this manual and often referred to as @dfn{GNU Emacs}) is available
|
|
|
983 by anonymous FTP from @file{prep.ai.mit.edu}.
|
|
|
984
|
|
|
985 Win-Emacs, an older version of XEmacs that runs on Microsoft Windows
|
|
|
986 and Windows NT, is available by anonymous FTP from @file{ftp.netcom.com}
|
|
|
987 in the directory @file{/pub/pe/pearl}, or from @file{ftp.cica.indiana.edu}
|
|
|
988 as the files @file{wemdemo*.zip} in the directory @file{/pub/pc/win3/demo}.
|
|
|
989
|
|
|
990 @node Intro, Glossary, Distrib, Top
|
|
|
991 @unnumbered Introduction
|
|
|
992
|
|
|
993 You are reading about XEmacs, an incarnation of the advanced,
|
|
|
994 self-documenting, customizable, extensible real-time display editor
|
|
|
995 Emacs. XEmacs provides many powerful display and user-interface
|
|
|
996 capabilities not found in other Emacsen and is mostly upwardly
|
|
|
997 compatible with GNU Emacs from the Free Software Foundation
|
|
|
998 (referred to as @dfn{FSF Emacs} in this manual). XEmacs also
|
|
|
999 comes standard with a great number of useful packages.
|
|
|
1000
|
|
|
1001 We say that XEmacs is a @dfn{display} editor because normally the text
|
|
|
1002 being edited is visible on the screen and is updated automatically as you
|
|
|
1003 type. @xref{Frame,Display}.
|
|
|
1004
|
|
|
1005 We call XEmacs a @dfn{real-time} editor because the display is updated very
|
|
|
1006 frequently, usually after each character or pair of characters you
|
|
|
1007 type. This minimizes the amount of information you must keep in your
|
|
|
1008 head as you edit. @xref{Basic,Real-time,Basic Editing}.
|
|
|
1009
|
|
|
1010 We call XEmacs advanced because it provides facilities that go beyond
|
|
|
1011 simple insertion and deletion: filling of text; automatic indentation of
|
|
|
1012 programs; viewing two or more files at once; and dealing in terms of
|
|
|
1013 characters, words, lines, sentences, paragraphs, and pages, as well as
|
|
|
1014 expressions and comments in several different programming languages. It is
|
|
|
1015 much easier to type one command meaning ``go to the end of the paragraph''
|
|
|
1016 than to find that spot with simple cursor keys.
|
|
|
1017
|
|
|
1018 @dfn{Self-documenting} means that at any time you can type a special
|
|
|
1019 character, @kbd{Control-h}, to find out what your options are. You can
|
|
|
1020 also use @kbd{C-h} to find out what a command does, or to find all the
|
|
|
1021 commands relevant to a topic. @xref{Help}.
|
|
|
1022
|
|
|
1023 @dfn{Customizable} means you can change the definitions of XEmacs
|
|
|
1024 commands. For example, if you use a programming language in
|
|
|
1025 which comments start with @samp{<**} and end with @samp{**>}, you can tell
|
|
|
1026 the XEmacs comment manipulation commands to use those strings
|
|
|
1027 (@pxref{Comments}). Another sort of customization is rearrangement of the
|
|
|
1028 command set. For example, you can set up the four basic cursor motion
|
|
|
1029 commands (up, down, left and right) on keys in a diamond pattern on the
|
|
|
1030 keyboard if you prefer. @xref{Customization}.
|
|
|
1031
|
|
|
1032 @dfn{Extensible} means you can go beyond simple customization and
|
|
|
1033 write entirely new commands, programs in the Lisp language to be run by
|
|
|
1034 XEmacs's own Lisp interpreter. XEmacs is an ``on-line extensible''
|
|
|
1035 system: it is divided into many functions that call each other. You can
|
|
|
1036 redefine any function in the middle of an editing session and replace
|
|
|
1037 any part of XEmacs without making a separate copy of all of XEmacs. Most
|
|
|
1038 of the editing commands of XEmacs are written in Lisp; the few
|
|
|
1039 exceptions could have been written in Lisp but are written in C for
|
|
|
1040 efficiency. Only a programmer can write an extension to XEmacs, but anybody
|
|
|
1041 can use it afterward.
|
|
|
1042
|
|
|
1043 @include frame.texi
|
|
|
1044 @include keystrokes.texi
|
|
|
1045 @include menus.texi
|
|
|
1046 @include entering.texi
|
|
|
1047 @include cmdargs.texi
|
|
|
1048 @include basic.texi
|
|
|
1049 @include undo.texi
|
|
|
1050 @include mini.texi
|
|
|
1051 @include m-x.texi
|
|
|
1052 @include help.texi
|
|
|
1053 @include mark.texi
|
|
|
1054 @include mouse.texi
|
|
|
1055 @include killing.texi
|
|
|
1056 @include regs.texi
|
|
|
1057 @include display.texi
|
|
|
1058 @include search.texi
|
|
|
1059 @include fixit.texi
|
|
|
1060 @include files.texi
|
|
|
1061 @include buffers.texi
|
|
|
1062 @include windows.texi
|
|
|
1063 @include major.texi
|
|
|
1064 @include indent.texi
|
|
|
1065 @include text.texi
|
|
|
1066 @include programs.texi
|
|
|
1067 @include building.texi
|
|
|
1068 @include abbrevs.texi
|
|
|
1069 @include picture.texi
|
|
|
1070 @include sending.texi
|
|
|
1071 @include reading.texi
|
|
|
1072 @include calendar.texi
|
|
|
1073 @include misc.texi
|
|
|
1074 @include custom.texi
|
|
|
1075 @include trouble.texi
|
|
|
1076
|
|
|
1077 @include new.texi
|
|
|
1078 @include glossary.texi
|
|
|
1079 @include gnu.texi
|
|
|
1080
|
|
|
1081 @node Key Index, Command Index, Manifesto, Top
|
|
|
1082 @unnumbered Key (Character) Index
|
|
|
1083 @printindex ky
|
|
|
1084
|
|
|
1085 @node Command Index, Variable Index, Key Index, Top
|
|
|
1086 @unnumbered Command and Function Index
|
|
|
1087 @printindex fn
|
|
|
1088
|
|
|
1089 @node Variable Index, Concept Index, Command Index, Top
|
|
|
1090 @unnumbered Variable Index
|
|
|
1091 @printindex vr
|
|
|
1092
|
|
|
1093 @node Concept Index, Frame, Variable Index, Top
|
|
|
1094 @unnumbered Concept Index
|
|
|
1095 @printindex cp
|
|
|
1096
|
|
|
1097 @summarycontents
|
|
|
1098 @contents
|
|
|
1099 @bye
|
|
|
1100
|
|
|
1101
|
|
|
1102 @c Remember to delete these lines before creating the info file.
|
|
|
1103 @iftex
|
|
|
1104 @lucidbook
|
|
|
1105 @bindingoffset = 0.5in
|
|
|
1106 @parindent = 0pt
|
|
|
1107 @end iftex
|
