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1 .\" Copyright (c) 1992, 2001 Free Software Foundation
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2 .\" See section COPYING for conditions for redistribution
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3 .TH etags 1 "23nov2001" "GNU Tools" "GNU Tools"
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4 .de BP
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5 .sp
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6 .ti -.2i
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7 \(**
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8 ..
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9
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10 .SH NAME
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11 etags, ctags \- generate tag file for Emacs, vi
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12 .SH SYNOPSIS
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13 .hy 0
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14 .na
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15 \fBetags\fP [\|\-aCDGImRVh\|] [\|\-i \fIfile\fP\|] [\|\-l \fIlanguage\fP\|]
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16 .if n .br
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17 [\|\-o \fItagfile\fP\|] [\|\-r \fIregexp\fP\|]
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18 [\|\-\-parse\-stdin=\fIfile\fP\|]
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19 .br
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20 [\|\-\-append\|] [\|\-\-no\-defines\|]
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21 [\|\-\-no\-globals\|] [\|\-\-include=\fIfile\fP\|]
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22 [\|\-\-ignore\-indentation\|] [\|\-\-language=\fIlanguage\fP\|]
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23 [\|\-\-members\|] [\|\-\-output=\fItagfile\fP\|]
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24 [\|\-\-regex=\fIregexp\fP\|] [\|\-\-no\-regex\|]
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25 [\|\-\-help\|] [\|\-\-version\|]
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26 \fIfile\fP .\|.\|.
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27
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28 \fBctags\fP [\|\-aCdgImRVh\|] [\|\-BtTuvwx\|] [\|\-l \fIlanguage\fP\|]
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29 .if n .br
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30 [\|\-o \fItagfile\fP\|] [\|\-r \fIregexp\fP\|]
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31 [\|\-\-parse\-stdin=\fIfile\fP\|]
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32 .br
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33 [\|\-\-append\|] [\|\-\-backward\-search\|]
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34 [\|\-\-cxref\|] [\|\-\-defines\|] [\|\-\-forward\-search\|]
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35 [\|\-\-globals\|] [\|\-\-ignore\-indentation\|]
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36 [\|\-\-language=\fIlanguage\fP\|] [\|\-\-members\|]
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37 [\|\-\-output=\fItagfile\fP\|] [\|\-\-regex=\fIregexp\fP\|]
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38 [\|\-\-typedefs\|] [\|\-\-typedefs\-and\-c++\|]
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39 [\|\-\-update\|] [\|\-\-no\-warn\|]
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40 [\|\-\-help\|] [\|\-\-version\|]
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41 \fIfile\fP .\|.\|.
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42 .ad b
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43 .hy 1
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44 .SH DESCRIPTION
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45 The \|\fBetags\fP\| program is used to create a tag table file, in a format
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46 understood by
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47 .BR emacs ( 1 )\c
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48 \&; the \|\fBctags\fP\| program is used to create a similar table in a
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49 format understood by
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50 .BR vi ( 1 )\c
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51 \&. Both forms of the program understand
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52 the syntax of C, Objective C, C++, Java, Fortran, Ada, Cobol, Erlang, HTML,
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53 LaTeX, Emacs Lisp/Common Lisp, Lua, makefile, Pascal, Perl, PHP, Postscript,
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54 Python, Prolog, Scheme and
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55 most assembler\-like syntaxes.
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56 Both forms read the files specified on the command line, and write a tag
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57 table (defaults: \fBTAGS\fP for \fBetags\fP, \fBtags\fP for
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58 \fBctags\fP) in the current working directory.
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59 Files specified with relative file names will be recorded in the tag
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60 table with file names relative to the directory where the tag table
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61 resides. If the tag table is in /dev, however, the file names are made
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62 relative to the working directory. Files specified with absolute file
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63 names will be recorded
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64 with absolute file names. Files generated from a source file\-\-like
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65 a C file generated from a source Cweb file\-\-will be recorded with
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66 the name of the source file.
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67 The programs recognize the language used in an input file based on its
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68 file name and contents. The \fB\-\-language\fP switch can be used to force
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69 parsing of the file names following the switch according to the given
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70 language, overriding guesses based on filename extensions.
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71 .SH OPTIONS
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72 Some options make sense only for the \fBvi\fP style tag files produced
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73 by ctags;
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74 \fBetags\fP does not recognize them.
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75 The programs accept unambiguous abbreviations for long option names.
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76 .TP
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77 .B \-a, \-\-append
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78 Append to existing tag file. (For \fBvi\fP-format tag files, see also
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79 \fB\-\-update\fP.)
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80 .TP
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81 .B \-B, \-\-backward\-search
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82 Tag files written in the format expected by \fBvi\fP contain regular
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83 expression search instructions; the \fB\-B\fP option writes them using
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84 the delimiter `\|\fB?\fP\|', to search \fIbackwards\fP through files.
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85 The default is to use the delimiter `\|\fB/\fP\|', to search \fIforwards\fP
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86 through files.
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87 Only \fBctags\fP accepts this option.
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88 .TP
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89 .B \-\-declarations
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90 In C and derived languages, create tags for function declarations,
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91 and create tags for extern variables unless \-\-no\-globals is used.
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92 .TP
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93 .B \-d, \-\-defines
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94 Create tag entries for C preprocessor constant definitions
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95 and enum constants, too. This is the
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96 default behavior for \fBetags\fP.
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97 .TP
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98 .B \-D, \-\-no\-defines
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99 Do not create tag entries for C preprocessor constant definitions
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100 and enum constants.
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101 This may make the tags file much smaller if many header files are tagged.
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102 This is the default behavior for \fBctags\fP.
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103 .TP
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104 .B \-g, \-\-globals
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105 Create tag entries for global variables in C, C++, Objective C, Java,
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106 and Perl.
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107 This is the default behavior for \fBetags\fP.
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108 .TP
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109 .B \-G, \-\-no\-globals
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110 Do not tag global variables. Typically this reduces the file size by
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111 one fourth. This is the default behavior for \fBctags\fP.
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112 .TP
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113 \fB\-i\fP \fIfile\fP, \fB\-\-include=\fIfile\fP
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114 Include a note in the tag file indicating that, when searching for a
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115 tag, one should also consult the tags file \fIfile\fP after checking the
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116 current file. This options is only accepted by \fBetags\fP.
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117 .TP
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118 .B \-I, \-\-ignore\-indentation
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119 Don't rely on indentation as much as we normally do. Currently, this
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120 means not to assume that a closing brace in the first column is the
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121 final brace of a function or structure definition in C and C++.
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122 .TP
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123 \fB\-l\fP \fIlanguage\fP, \fB\-\-language=\fIlanguage\fP
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124 Parse the following files according to the given language. More than
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125 one such options may be intermixed with filenames. Use \fB\-\-help\fP
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126 to get a list of the available languages and their default filename
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127 extensions. The `auto' language can be used to restore automatic
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128 detection of language based on the file name. The `none'
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129 language may be used to disable language parsing altogether; only
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130 regexp matching is done in this case (see the \fB\-\-regex\fP option).
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131 .TP
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132 .B \-m, \-\-members
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133 Create tag entries for variables that are members of structure-like
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134 constructs in C++, Objective C, Java.
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135 .TP
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136 .B \-M, \-\-no\-members
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137 Do not tag member variables. This is the default behavior.
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138 .TP
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139 .B \-\-packages\-only
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140 Only tag packages in Ada files.
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141 .TP
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142 \fB\-\-parse\-stdin=\fIfile\fP
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143 May be used (only once) in place of a file name on the command line.
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144 \fBetags\fP will read from standard input and mark the produced tags
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145 as belonging to the file \fBFILE\fP.
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146 .TP
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147 \fB\-o\fP \fItagfile\fP, \fB\-\-output=\fItagfile\fP
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148 Explicit name of file for tag table; overrides default \fBTAGS\fP or
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149 \fBtags\fP. (But ignored with \fB\-v\fP or \fB\-x\fP.)
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150 .TP
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151 \fB\-r\fP \fIregexp\fP, \fB\-\-regex=\fIregexp\fP
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152
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153 Make tags based on regexp matching for the files following this option,
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154 in addition to the tags made with the standard parsing based on
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155 language. May be freely intermixed with filenames and the \fB\-R\fP
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156 option. The regexps are cumulative, i.e. each such option will add to
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157 the previous ones. The regexps are of one of the forms:
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158 .br
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159 [\fB{\fP\fIlanguage\fP\fB}\fP]\fB/\fP\fItagregexp/\fP[\fInameregexp\fP\fB/\fP]\fImodifiers\fP
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160 .br
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161 \fB@\fP\fIregexfile\fP
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162 .br
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163
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164 where \fItagregexp\fP is used to match the tag. It should not match
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165 useless characters. If the match is such that more characters than
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166 needed are unavoidably matched by \fItagregexp\fP, it may be useful to
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167 add a \fInameregexp\fP, to narrow down the tag scope. \fBctags\fP
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168 ignores regexps without a \fInameregexp\fP. The syntax of regexps is
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169 the same as in emacs. The following character escape sequences are
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170 supported: \\a, \\b, \\d, \\e, \\f, \\n, \\r, \\t, \\v, which
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171 respectively stand for the ASCII characters BEL, BS, DEL, ESC, FF, NL,
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172 CR, TAB, VT.
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173 .br
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174 The \fImodifiers\fP are a sequence of 0 or more characters among
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175 \fIi\fP, which means to ignore case when matching; \fIm\fP, which means
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176 that the \fItagregexp\fP will be matched against the whole file contents
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177 at once, rather than line by line, and the matching sequence can match
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178 multiple lines; and \fIs\fP, which implies \fIm\fP and means that the
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179 dot character in \fItagregexp\fP matches the newline char as well.
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180 .br
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181 The separator, which is \fB/\fP in the examples, can be any character
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182 different from space, tab, braces and \fB@\fP. If the separator
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183 character is needed inside the regular expression, it must be quoted
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184 by preceding it with \fB\\\fP.
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185 .br
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186 The optional \fB{\fP\fIlanguage\fP\fB}\fP prefix means that the tag
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187 should be
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188 created only for files of language \fIlanguage\fP, and ignored
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189 otherwise. This is particularly useful when storing many predefined
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190 regexps in a file.
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191 .br
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192 In its second form, \fIregexfile\fP is the name of a file that contains
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193 a number of arguments to the \fI\-\-regex\=\fP option,
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194 one per line. Lines beginning with a space or tab are assumed
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195 to be comments, and ignored.
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196
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197 .br
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198 Here are some examples. All the regexps are quoted to protect them
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199 from shell interpretation.
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200 .br
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201
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202 Tag the DEFVAR macros in the emacs source files:
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203 .br
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204 \fI\-\-regex\='/[ \\t]*DEFVAR_[A-Z_ \\t(]+"\\([^"]+\\)"\/'\fP
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205 .\"" This comment is to avoid confusion to Emacs syntax highlighting
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206 .br
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207
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208 Tag VHDL files (this example is a single long line, broken here for
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209 formatting reasons):
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210 .br
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211 \fI\-\-language\=none\ \-\-regex='/[\ \\t]*\\(ARCHITECTURE\\|\\
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212 CONFIGURATION\\)\ +[^\ ]*\ +OF/'\ \-\-regex\='/[\ \\t]*\\
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213 \\(ATTRIBUTE\\|ENTITY\\|FUNCTION\\|PACKAGE\\(\ BODY\\)?\\
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214 \\|PROCEDURE\\|PROCESS\\|TYPE\\)[\ \\t]+\\([^\ \\t(]+\\)/\\3/'\fP
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215 .br
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216
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217 Tag TCL files (this last example shows the usage of a \fItagregexp\fP):
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218 .br
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219 \fI\-\-lang\=none \-\-regex\='/proc[\ \\t]+\\([^\ \\t]+\\)/\\1/'\fP
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220
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221 .br
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222 A regexp can be preceded by {\fIlang\fP}, thus restricting it to match
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223 lines of files of the specified language. Use \fBetags --help\fP to obtain
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224 a list of the recognised languages. This feature is particularly useful inside
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225 \fBregex files\fP. A regex file contains one regex per line. Empty lines,
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226 and those lines beginning with space or tab are ignored. Lines beginning
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227 with @ are references to regex files whose name follows the @ sign. Other
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228 lines are considered regular expressions like those following \fB\-\-regex\fP.
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229 .br
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230 For example, the command
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231 .br
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232 \fIetags \-\-regex=@regex.file *.c\fP
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233 .br
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234 reads the regexes contained in the file regex.file.
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235 .TP
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236 .B \-R, \-\-no\-regex
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237 Don't do any more regexp matching on the following files. May be
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238 freely intermixed with filenames and the \fB\-\-regex\fP option.
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239 .TP
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240 .B \-t, \-\-typedefs
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241 Record typedefs in C code as tags. Since this is the default behavior
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242 of \fBetags\fP, only \fBctags\fP accepts this option.
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243 .TP
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244 .B \-T, \-\-typedefs\-and\-c++
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245 Generate tag entries for typedefs, struct, enum, and union tags, and
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246 C++ member functions. Since this is the default behavior
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247 of \fBetags\fP, only \fBctags\fP accepts this option.
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248 .TP
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249 .B \-u, \-\-update
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250 Update tag entries for \fIfiles\fP specified on command line, leaving
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251 tag entries for other files in place. Currently, this is implemented
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252 by deleting the existing entries for the given files and then
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253 rewriting the new entries at the end of the tags file. It is often
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254 faster to simply rebuild the entire tag file than to use this.
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255 Only \fBctags\fP accepts this option.
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256 .TP
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257 .B \-v, \-\-vgrind
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258 Instead of generating a tag file, write index (in \fBvgrind\fP format)
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259 to standard output. Only \fBctags\fP accepts this option.
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260 .TP
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261 .B \-w, \-\-no\-warn
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262 Suppress warning messages about duplicate entries. The \fBetags\fP
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263 program does not check for duplicate entries, so this option is not
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264 allowed with it.
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265 .TP
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266 .B \-x, \-\-cxref
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267 Instead of generating a tag file, write a cross reference (in
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268 \fBcxref\fP format) to standard output. Only \fBctags\fP accepts this option.
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269 .TP
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270 .B \-h, \-H, \-\-help
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271 Print usage information. Followed by one or more \-\-language=LANG
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272 prints detailed information about how tags are created for LANG.
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273 .TP
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274 .B \-V, \-\-version
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275 Print the current version of the program (same as the version of the
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276 emacs \fBetags\fP is shipped with).
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277
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278 .SH "SEE ALSO"
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279 `\|\fBemacs\fP\|' entry in \fBinfo\fP; \fIGNU Emacs Manual\fP, Richard
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280 Stallman.
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281 .br
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282 .BR cxref ( 1 ),
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283 .BR emacs ( 1 ),
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284 .BR vgrind ( 1 ),
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285 .BR vi ( 1 ).
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286
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287 .SH COPYING
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288 Copyright
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289 .if t \(co
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290 .if n (c)
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291 1999, 2001 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
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292 .PP
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293 Permission is granted to make and distribute verbatim copies of this
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294 document provided the copyright notice and this permission notice are
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295 preserved on all copies.
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428
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296 .PP
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297 Permission is granted to copy and distribute modified versions of
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298 this document under the conditions for verbatim copying, provided that
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299 the entire resulting derived work is distributed under the terms of
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300 a permission notice identical to this one.
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428
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301 .PP
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302 Permission is granted to copy and distribute translations of this
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303 document into another language, under the above conditions for
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304 modified versions, except that this permission notice may be stated
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305 in a translation approved by the Free Software Foundation.
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306
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307 .\" arch-tag: 9534977f-af78-42f0-991d-1df6b6c05573
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