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1 @c -*-texinfo-*-
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2 @c This is part of the XEmacs Lisp Reference Manual.
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3 @c Copyright (C) 1990, 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
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4 @c See the file lispref.texi for copying conditions.
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5 @setfilename ../../info/abbrevs.info
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6 @node Abbrevs, Extents, Syntax Tables, Top
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7 @chapter Abbrevs And Abbrev Expansion
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8 @cindex abbrev
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9 @cindex abbrev table
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10
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11 An abbreviation or @dfn{abbrev} is a string of characters that may be
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12 expanded to a longer string. The user can insert the abbrev string and
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13 find it replaced automatically with the expansion of the abbrev. This
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14 saves typing.
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15
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16 The set of abbrevs currently in effect is recorded in an @dfn{abbrev
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17 table}. Each buffer has a local abbrev table, but normally all buffers
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18 in the same major mode share one abbrev table. There is also a global
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19 abbrev table. Normally both are used.
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20
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21 An abbrev table is represented as an obarray containing a symbol for
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22 each abbreviation. The symbol's name is the abbreviation; its value is
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23 the expansion; its function definition is the hook function to do the
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24 expansion (@pxref{Defining Abbrevs}); its property list cell contains
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25 the use count, the number of times the abbreviation has been expanded.
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26 Because these symbols are not interned in the usual obarray, they will
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27 never appear as the result of reading a Lisp expression; in fact,
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28 normally they are never used except by the code that handles abbrevs.
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29 Therefore, it is safe to use them in an extremely nonstandard way.
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30 @xref{Creating Symbols}.
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31
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32 For the user-level commands for abbrevs, see @ref{Abbrevs,, Abbrev
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33 Mode, xemacs, The XEmacs User's Manual}.
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34
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35 @menu
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36 * Abbrev Mode:: Setting up XEmacs for abbreviation.
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37 * Tables: Abbrev Tables. Creating and working with abbrev tables.
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38 * Defining Abbrevs:: Specifying abbreviations and their expansions.
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39 * Files: Abbrev Files. Saving abbrevs in files.
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40 * Expansion: Abbrev Expansion. Controlling expansion; expansion subroutines.
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41 * Standard Abbrev Tables:: Abbrev tables used by various major modes.
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42 @end menu
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43
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44 @node Abbrev Mode
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45 @section Setting Up Abbrev Mode
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46
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47 Abbrev mode is a minor mode controlled by the value of the variable
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48 @code{abbrev-mode}.
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49
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50 @defvar abbrev-mode
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51 A non-@code{nil} value of this variable turns on the automatic expansion
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52 of abbrevs when their abbreviations are inserted into a buffer.
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53 If the value is @code{nil}, abbrevs may be defined, but they are not
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54 expanded automatically.
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55
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56 This variable automatically becomes local when set in any fashion.
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57 @end defvar
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58
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59 @defvar default-abbrev-mode
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60 This is the value of @code{abbrev-mode} for buffers that do not override it.
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61 This is the same as @code{(default-value 'abbrev-mode)}.
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62 @end defvar
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63
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64 @node Abbrev Tables
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65 @section Abbrev Tables
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66
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67 This section describes how to create and manipulate abbrev tables.
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68
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69 @defun make-abbrev-table
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70 This function creates and returns a new, empty abbrev table---an obarray
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71 containing no symbols. It is a vector filled with zeros.
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72 @end defun
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73
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74 @defun clear-abbrev-table table
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75 This function undefines all the abbrevs in abbrev table @var{table},
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76 leaving it empty. The function returns @code{nil}.
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77 @end defun
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78
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79 @defun define-abbrev-table table-name definitions
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80 This function defines @var{table-name} (a symbol) as an abbrev table name,
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81 i.e., as a variable whose value is an abbrev table. It defines abbrevs
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82 in the table according to @var{definitions}, a list of elements of the
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83 form @code{(@var{abbrevname} @var{expansion} @var{hook}
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84 @var{usecount})}. The value is always @code{nil}.
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85 @end defun
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86
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87 @defvar abbrev-table-name-list
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88 This is a list of symbols whose values are abbrev tables.
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89 @code{define-abbrev-table} adds the new abbrev table name to this list.
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90 @end defvar
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91
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92 @defun insert-abbrev-table-description name &optional human
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93 This function inserts before point a description of the abbrev table
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94 named @var{name}. The argument @var{name} is a symbol whose value is an
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95 abbrev table. The value is always @code{nil}.
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96
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97 If @var{human} is non-@code{nil}, the description is human-oriented.
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98 Otherwise the description is a Lisp expression---a call to
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99 @code{define-abbrev-table} that would define @var{name} exactly as it
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100 is currently defined.
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101 @end defun
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102
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103 @node Defining Abbrevs
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104 @section Defining Abbrevs
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105
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106 These functions define an abbrev in a specified abbrev table.
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107 @code{define-abbrev} is the low-level basic function, while
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108 @code{add-abbrev} is used by commands that ask for information from the
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109 user.
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110
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111 @defun add-abbrev table type arg
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112 This function adds an abbreviation to abbrev table @var{table} based on
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113 information from the user. The argument @var{type} is a string
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114 describing in English the kind of abbrev this will be (typically,
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115 @code{"global"} or @code{"mode-specific"}); this is used in prompting
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116 the user. The argument @var{arg} is the number of words in the
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117 expansion.
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118
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119 The return value is the symbol that internally represents the new
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120 abbrev, or @code{nil} if the user declines to confirm redefining an
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121 existing abbrev.
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122 @end defun
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123
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124 @defun define-abbrev table name &optional expansion hook count
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125 This function defines an abbrev in @var{table} named @var{name}, to
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126 expand to @var{expansion}, and call @var{hook}. The return value is an
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127 uninterned symbol that represents the abbrev inside XEmacs; its name is
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128 @var{name}.
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129
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130 The argument @var{name} should be a string. The argument
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131 @var{expansion} should be a string, or @code{nil} to undefine the
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132 abbrev.
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133
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134 The argument @var{hook} is a function or @code{nil}. If @var{hook} is
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135 non-@code{nil}, then it is called with no arguments after the abbrev is
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136 replaced with @var{expansion}; point is located at the end of
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137 @var{expansion} when @var{hook} is called.
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138
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139 The use count of the abbrev is initialized to zero.
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140 @end defun
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141
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142 @defopt only-global-abbrevs
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143 If this variable is non-@code{nil}, it means that the user plans to use
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144 global abbrevs only. This tells the commands that define mode-specific
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145 abbrevs to define global ones instead. This variable does not alter the
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146 behavior of the functions in this section; it is examined by their
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147 callers.
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148 @end defopt
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149
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150 @node Abbrev Files
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151 @section Saving Abbrevs in Files
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152
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153 A file of saved abbrev definitions is actually a file of Lisp code.
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154 The abbrevs are saved in the form of a Lisp program to define the same
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155 abbrev tables with the same contents. Therefore, you can load the file
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156 with @code{load} (@pxref{How Programs Do Loading}). However, the
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157 function @code{quietly-read-abbrev-file} is provided as a more
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158 convenient interface.
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159
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160 User-level facilities such as @code{save-some-buffers} can save
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161 abbrevs in a file automatically, under the control of variables
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162 described here.
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163
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164 @defopt abbrev-file-name
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165 This is the default file name for reading and saving abbrevs.
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166 @end defopt
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167
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168 @defun quietly-read-abbrev-file &optional filename
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169 This function reads abbrev definitions from a file named @var{filename},
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170 previously written with @code{write-abbrev-file}. If @var{filename} is
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171 @code{nil}, the file specified in @code{abbrev-file-name} is used.
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172 @code{save-abbrevs} is set to @code{t} so that changes will be saved.
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173
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174 This function does not display any messages. It returns @code{nil}.
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175 @end defun
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176
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177 @defopt save-abbrevs
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178 A non-@code{nil} value for @code{save-abbrev} means that XEmacs should
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179 save abbrevs when files are saved. @code{abbrev-file-name} specifies
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180 the file to save the abbrevs in.
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181 @end defopt
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182
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183 @defvar abbrevs-changed
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184 This variable is set non-@code{nil} by defining or altering any
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185 abbrevs. This serves as a flag for various XEmacs commands to offer to
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186 save your abbrevs.
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187 @end defvar
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188
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189 @deffn Command write-abbrev-file filename
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190 Save all abbrev definitions, in all abbrev tables, in the file
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191 @var{filename}, in the form of a Lisp program that when loaded will
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192 define the same abbrevs. This function returns @code{nil}.
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193 @end deffn
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194
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195 @node Abbrev Expansion
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196 @section Looking Up and Expanding Abbreviations
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197
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198 Abbrevs are usually expanded by commands for interactive use,
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199 including @code{self-insert-command}. This section describes the
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200 subroutines used in writing such functions, as well as the variables
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201 they use for communication.
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202
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203 @defun abbrev-symbol abbrev &optional table
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204 This function returns the symbol representing the abbrev named
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205 @var{abbrev}. The value returned is @code{nil} if that abbrev is not
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206 defined. The optional second argument @var{table} is the abbrev table
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207 to look it up in. If @var{table} is @code{nil}, this function tries
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208 first the current buffer's local abbrev table, and second the global
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209 abbrev table.
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210 @end defun
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211
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212 @defun abbrev-expansion abbrev &optional table
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213 This function returns the string that @var{abbrev} would expand into (as
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214 defined by the abbrev tables used for the current buffer). The optional
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215 argument @var{table} specifies the abbrev table to use, as in
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216 @code{abbrev-symbol}.
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217 @end defun
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218
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219 @deffn Command expand-abbrev
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220 This command expands the abbrev before point, if any.
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221 If point does not follow an abbrev, this command does nothing.
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222 The command returns @code{t} if it did expansion, @code{nil} otherwise.
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223 @end deffn
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224
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225 @deffn Command abbrev-prefix-mark &optional arg
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226 Mark current point as the beginning of an abbrev. The next call to
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227 @code{expand-abbrev} will use the text from here to point (where it is
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228 then) as the abbrev to expand, rather than using the previous word as
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229 usual.
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230 @end deffn
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231
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232 @defopt abbrev-all-caps
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233 When this is set non-@code{nil}, an abbrev entered entirely in upper
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234 case is expanded using all upper case. Otherwise, an abbrev entered
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235 entirely in upper case is expanded by capitalizing each word of the
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236 expansion.
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237 @end defopt
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238
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239 @defvar abbrev-start-location
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240 This is the buffer position for @code{expand-abbrev} to use as the start
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241 of the next abbrev to be expanded. (@code{nil} means use the word
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242 before point instead.) @code{abbrev-start-location} is set to
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243 @code{nil} each time @code{expand-abbrev} is called. This variable is
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244 also set by @code{abbrev-prefix-mark}.
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245 @end defvar
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246
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247 @defvar abbrev-start-location-buffer
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248 The value of this variable is the buffer for which
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249 @code{abbrev-start-location} has been set. Trying to expand an abbrev
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250 in any other buffer clears @code{abbrev-start-location}. This variable
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251 is set by @code{abbrev-prefix-mark}.
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252 @end defvar
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253
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254 @defvar last-abbrev
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255 This is the @code{abbrev-symbol} of the last abbrev expanded. This
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256 information is left by @code{expand-abbrev} for the sake of the
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257 @code{unexpand-abbrev} command.
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258 @end defvar
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259
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260 @defvar last-abbrev-location
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261 This is the location of the last abbrev expanded. This contains
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262 information left by @code{expand-abbrev} for the sake of the
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263 @code{unexpand-abbrev} command.
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264 @end defvar
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265
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266 @defvar last-abbrev-text
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267 This is the exact expansion text of the last abbrev expanded, after case
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268 conversion (if any). Its value is @code{nil} if the abbrev has already
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269 been unexpanded. This contains information left by @code{expand-abbrev}
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270 for the sake of the @code{unexpand-abbrev} command.
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271 @end defvar
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272
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273 @c Emacs 19 feature
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274 @defvar pre-abbrev-expand-hook
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275 This is a normal hook whose functions are executed, in sequence, just
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276 before any expansion of an abbrev. @xref{Hooks}. Since it is a normal
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277 hook, the hook functions receive no arguments. However, they can find
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278 the abbrev to be expanded by looking in the buffer before point.
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279 @end defvar
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280
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281 The following sample code shows a simple use of
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282 @code{pre-abbrev-expand-hook}. If the user terminates an abbrev with a
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283 punctuation character, the hook function asks for confirmation. Thus,
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284 this hook allows the user to decide whether to expand the abbrev, and
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285 aborts expansion if it is not confirmed.
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286
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287 @smallexample
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288 (add-hook 'pre-abbrev-expand-hook 'query-if-not-space)
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289
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290 ;; @r{This is the function invoked by @code{pre-abbrev-expand-hook}.}
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291
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292 ;; @r{If the user terminated the abbrev with a space, the function does}
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293 ;; @r{nothing (that is, it returns so that the abbrev can expand). If the}
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294 ;; @r{user entered some other character, this function asks whether}
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295 ;; @r{expansion should continue.}
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296
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297 ;; @r{If the user answers the prompt with @kbd{y}, the function returns}
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298 ;; @r{@code{nil} (because of the @code{not} function), but that is}
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299 ;; @r{acceptable; the return value has no effect on expansion.}
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300
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301 (defun query-if-not-space ()
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302 (if (/= ?\ (preceding-char))
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303 (if (not (y-or-n-p "Do you want to expand this abbrev? "))
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304 (error "Not expanding this abbrev"))))
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305 @end smallexample
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306
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307 @node Standard Abbrev Tables
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308 @section Standard Abbrev Tables
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309
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310 Here we list the variables that hold the abbrev tables for the
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311 preloaded major modes of XEmacs.
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312
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313 @defvar global-abbrev-table
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314 This is the abbrev table for mode-independent abbrevs. The abbrevs
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315 defined in it apply to all buffers. Each buffer may also have a local
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316 abbrev table, whose abbrev definitions take precedence over those in the
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317 global table.
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318 @end defvar
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319
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320 @defvar local-abbrev-table
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321 The value of this buffer-local variable is the (mode-specific)
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322 abbreviation table of the current buffer.
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323 @end defvar
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324
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325 @defvar fundamental-mode-abbrev-table
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326 This is the local abbrev table used in Fundamental mode; in other words,
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327 it is the local abbrev table in all buffers in Fundamental mode.
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328 @end defvar
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329
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330 @defvar text-mode-abbrev-table
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331 This is the local abbrev table used in Text mode.
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332 @end defvar
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333
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334 @defvar c-mode-abbrev-table
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335 This is the local abbrev table used in C mode.
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336 @end defvar
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337
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338 @defvar lisp-mode-abbrev-table
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339 This is the local abbrev table used in Lisp mode and Emacs Lisp mode.
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340 @end defvar
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