|
0
|
1
|
|
|
2 \input ../texinfo @c -*-texinfo-*-
|
|
|
3 @setfilename ../../info/xemacs.info
|
|
|
4 @comment node-name, next, previous, up
|
|
|
5
|
|
|
6
|
|
|
7 @ifinfo
|
|
|
8 This file documents the XEmacs editor.
|
|
|
9
|
|
|
10 Copyright (C) 1985, 1986, 1988 Richard M. Stallman.
|
|
|
11 Copyright @copyright{} 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994 Lucid, Inc.
|
|
|
12 Copyright @copyright{} 1993, 1994 Sun Microsystems, Inc.
|
|
|
13 Copyright @copyright{} 1995 Amdahl Corporation.
|
|
|
14
|
|
|
15 Permission is granted to make and distribute verbatim copies of
|
|
|
16 this manual provided the copyright notice and this permission notice
|
|
|
17 are preserved on all copies.
|
|
|
18
|
|
|
19 @ignore
|
|
|
20 Permission is granted to process this file through Tex and print the
|
|
|
21 results, provided the printed document carries copying permission
|
|
|
22 notice identical to this one except for the removal of this paragraph
|
|
|
23 (this paragraph not being relevant to the printed manual).
|
|
|
24
|
|
|
25 @end ignore
|
|
|
26 Permission is granted to copy and distribute modified versions of this
|
|
|
27 manual under the conditions for verbatim copying, provided also that the
|
|
|
28 sections entitled ``The GNU Manifesto'', ``Distribution'' and ``GNU
|
|
|
29 General Public License'' are included exactly as in the original, and
|
|
|
30 provided that the entire resulting derived work is distributed under the
|
|
|
31 terms of a permission notice identical to this one.
|
|
|
32
|
|
|
33 Permission is granted to copy and distribute translations of this manual
|
|
|
34 into another language, under the above conditions for modified versions,
|
|
|
35 except that the sections entitled ``The GNU Manifesto'',
|
|
|
36 ``Distribution'' and ``GNU General Public License'' may be included in a
|
|
|
37 translation approved by the author instead of in the original English.
|
|
|
38 @end ifinfo
|
|
|
39 @c
|
|
|
40 @setchapternewpage odd
|
|
|
41 @settitle XEmacs User's Manual
|
|
|
42 @c
|
|
|
43 @titlepage
|
|
|
44 @sp 6
|
|
|
45 @center @titlefont{XEmacs User's Manual}
|
|
|
46 @sp 4
|
|
|
47 @sp 1
|
|
|
48 @sp 1
|
|
|
49 @center July 1994
|
|
|
50 @center (General Public License upgraded, January 1991)
|
|
|
51 @sp 5
|
|
|
52 @center Richard Stallman
|
|
|
53 @sp 1
|
|
|
54 @center Lucid, Inc.
|
|
|
55 @sp 1
|
|
|
56 @center and
|
|
|
57 @sp 1
|
|
|
58 @center Ben Wing
|
|
|
59 @page
|
|
|
60 @vskip 0pt plus 1filll
|
|
|
61 Copyright @copyright{} 1985, 1986, 1988 Richard M. Stallman.
|
|
|
62
|
|
|
63 Copyright @copyright{} 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994 Lucid, Inc.
|
|
|
64
|
|
|
65 Copyright @copyright{} 1993, 1994 Sun Microsystems, Inc.
|
|
|
66
|
|
|
67 Copyright @copyright{} 1995 Amdahl Corporation.
|
|
|
68
|
|
|
69 Permission is granted to make and distribute verbatim copies of
|
|
|
70 this manual provided the copyright notice and this permission notice
|
|
|
71 are preserved on all copies.
|
|
|
72
|
|
|
73 Permission is granted to copy and distribute modified versions of this
|
|
|
74 manual under the conditions for verbatim copying, provided also that the
|
|
|
75 sections entitled ``The GNU Manifesto'', ``Distribution'' and ``GNU
|
|
|
76 General Public License'' are included exactly as in the original, and
|
|
|
77 provided that the entire resulting derived work is distributed under the
|
|
|
78 terms of a permission notice identical to this one.
|
|
|
79
|
|
|
80 Permission is granted to copy and distribute translations of this manual
|
|
|
81 into another language, under the above conditions for modified versions,
|
|
|
82 except that the sections entitled ``The GNU Manifesto'',
|
|
|
83 ``Distribution'' and ``GNU General Public License'' may be included in a
|
|
|
84 translation approved by the author instead of in the original English.
|
|
|
85 @end titlepage
|
|
|
86 @page
|
|
|
87 @ifinfo
|
|
|
88 @node Top, License,, (dir)
|
|
|
89
|
|
|
90 The XEmacs Editor
|
|
|
91 *****************
|
|
|
92
|
|
|
93 XEmacs is the extensible, customizable, self-documenting real-time
|
|
|
94 display editor. This Info file describes how to edit with Emacs
|
|
|
95 and some of how to customize it, but not how to extend it. It
|
|
70
|
96 corresponds to XEmacs version 20.0.
|
|
0
|
97
|
|
|
98 This manual is intended as a detailed reference to XEmacs. If
|
|
|
99 you are looking for an introductory manual, see the New User's
|
|
|
100 Guide.
|
|
|
101
|
|
|
102 @end ifinfo
|
|
|
103 @menu
|
|
|
104 * License:: The GNU General Public License gives you permission
|
|
|
105 to redistribute XEmacs on certain terms; and also
|
|
|
106 explains that there is no warranty.
|
|
|
107 * Distrib:: How to get XEmacs.
|
|
|
108 * Intro:: An introduction to XEmacs concepts.
|
|
|
109 * Glossary:: The glossary.
|
|
|
110 * Manifesto:: What's GNU? Gnu's Not Unix!
|
|
|
111
|
|
|
112 Indices, nodes containing large menus
|
|
|
113 * Key Index:: An item for each standard XEmacs key sequence.
|
|
|
114 * Command Index:: An item for each command name.
|
|
|
115 * Variable Index:: An item for each documented variable.
|
|
|
116 * Concept Index:: An item for each concept.
|
|
|
117
|
|
|
118 Important General Concepts
|
|
|
119 * Frame:: How to interpret what you see on the screen.
|
|
|
120 * Keystrokes:: Keyboard gestures XEmacs recognizes.
|
|
|
121 * Pull-down Menus::
|
|
|
122 The XEmacs Pull-down Menus available under X.
|
|
|
123 * Entering Emacs::
|
|
|
124 Starting Emacs from the shell.
|
|
|
125 * Exiting:: Stopping or killing XEmacs.
|
|
|
126 * Command Switches::
|
|
|
127 Hairy startup options.
|
|
|
128
|
|
|
129 Fundamental Editing Commands
|
|
|
130 * Basic:: The most basic editing commands.
|
|
|
131 * Undo:: Undoing recently made changes in the text.
|
|
|
132 * Minibuffer:: Entering arguments that are prompted for.
|
|
|
133 * M-x:: Invoking commands by their names.
|
|
|
134 * Help:: Commands for asking XEmacs about its commands.
|
|
|
135
|
|
|
136 Important Text-Changing Commands
|
|
|
137 * Mark:: The mark: how to delimit a ``region'' of text.
|
|
|
138 * Mouse Selection::
|
|
|
139 Selecting text with the mouse.
|
|
|
140 * Additional Mouse Operations::
|
|
|
141 Other operations available from the mouse.
|
|
|
142 * Killing:: Killing text.
|
|
|
143 * Yanking:: Recovering killed text. Moving text.
|
|
|
144 * Using X Selections::
|
|
|
145 Using primary selection, cut buffers, and highlighted regions.
|
|
|
146 * Accumulating Text::
|
|
|
147 Other ways of copying text.
|
|
|
148 * Rectangles:: Operating on the text inside a rectangle on the screen.
|
|
|
149 * Registers:: Saving a text string or a location in the buffer.
|
|
|
150 * Display:: Controlling what text is displayed.
|
|
|
151 * Search:: Finding or replacing occurrences of a string.
|
|
|
152 * Fixit:: Commands especially useful for fixing typos.
|
|
|
153
|
|
|
154 Larger Units of Text
|
|
|
155 * Files:: All about handling files.
|
|
|
156 * Buffers:: Multiple buffers; editing several files at once.
|
|
|
157 * Windows:: Viewing two pieces of text at once.
|
|
207
|
158 * Mule:: Using world scripts.
|
|
0
|
159
|
|
|
160 Advanced Features
|
|
|
161 * Major Modes:: Text mode vs. Lisp mode vs. C mode ...
|
|
|
162 * Indentation:: Editing the white space at the beginnings of lines.
|
|
|
163 * Text:: Commands and modes for editing English.
|
|
|
164 * Programs:: Commands and modes for editing programs.
|
|
|
165 * Running:: Compiling, running and debugging programs.
|
|
|
166 * Abbrevs:: How to define text abbreviations to reduce
|
|
|
167 the number of characters you must type.
|
|
|
168 * Picture:: Editing pictures made up of characters
|
|
|
169 using the quarter-plane screen model.
|
|
181
|
170 * Sending Mail:: Sending mail in XEmacs.
|
|
|
171 * Reading Mail:: Reading mail in XEmacs.
|
|
0
|
172 * Calendar/Diary:: A Calendar and diary facility in XEmacs.
|
|
|
173 * Sorting:: Sorting lines, paragraphs or pages within XEmacs.
|
|
|
174 * Shell:: Executing shell commands from XEmacs.
|
|
|
175 * Narrowing:: Restricting display and editing to a portion
|
|
|
176 of the buffer.
|
|
|
177 * Hardcopy:: Printing buffers or regions.
|
|
|
178 * Recursive Edit::
|
|
|
179 A command can allow you to do editing
|
|
|
180 "within the command". This is called a
|
|
|
181 `recursive editing level'.
|
|
|
182 * Dissociated Press:: Dissociating text for fun.
|
|
|
183 * CONX:: A different kind of dissociation.
|
|
|
184 * Amusements:: Various games and hacks.
|
|
|
185 * Emulation:: Emulating some other editors with XEmacs.
|
|
|
186 * Customization:: Modifying the behavior of XEmacs.
|
|
|
187
|
|
|
188 Recovery from Problems.
|
|
|
189 * Quitting:: Quitting and aborting.
|
|
|
190 * Lossage:: What to do if XEmacs is hung or malfunctioning.
|
|
|
191 * Bugs:: How and when to report a bug.
|
|
|
192
|
|
|
193 Here are some other nodes which are really inferiors of the ones
|
|
|
194 already listed, mentioned here so you can get to them in one step:
|
|
|
195
|
|
|
196 --- The Detailed Node Listing ---
|
|
|
197
|
|
|
198 The Organization of the Frame
|
|
|
199
|
|
|
200 * Point:: The place in the text where editing commands operate.
|
|
|
201 * Echo Area:: Short messages appear at the bottom of the frame.
|
|
|
202 * Mode Line:: Interpreting the mode line.
|
|
|
203 * XEmacs under X:: Some information on using XEmacs under the X
|
|
|
204 Window System.
|
|
|
205
|
|
|
206 Keystrokes
|
|
|
207
|
|
|
208 * Intro to Keystrokes:: Keystrokes as building blocks of key sequences.
|
|
|
209 * Representing Keystrokes:: Using lists of modifiers and keysyms to
|
|
|
210 represent keystrokes.
|
|
|
211 * Key Sequences:: Combine key strokes into key sequences you can
|
|
|
212 bind to commands.
|
|
|
213 * String Key Sequences:: Available for upward compatibility.
|
|
|
214 * Meta Key:: Using @key{ESC} to represent @key{Meta}
|
|
|
215 * Super and Hyper Keys:: Adding modifier keys on certain keyboards.
|
|
|
216 * Character Representation:: How characters appear in XEmacs buffers.
|
|
|
217 * Commands:: How commands are bound to key sequences.
|
|
|
218
|
|
|
219 Pull-down Menus
|
|
|
220
|
|
|
221 * File Menu:: Items on the File menu.
|
|
|
222 * Edit Menu:: Items on the Edit menu.
|
|
|
223 * Apps Menu:: Items on the Apps menu.
|
|
|
224 * Options Menu:: Items on the Options menu.
|
|
|
225 * Buffers Menu:: Information about the Buffers menu.
|
|
|
226 * Tools Menu:: Items on the Tools menu.
|
|
|
227 * Help Menu:: Items on the Help menu.
|
|
|
228 * Menu Customization:: Adding and removing menu items and related
|
|
|
229 operations.
|
|
|
230
|
|
|
231 Basic Editing Commands
|
|
|
232
|
|
|
233 * Blank Lines:: Commands to make or delete blank lines.
|
|
|
234 * Continuation Lines:: Lines too wide for the frame.
|
|
|
235 * Position Info:: What page, line, row, or column is point on?
|
|
|
236 * Arguments:: Numeric arguments for repeating a command.
|
|
|
237
|
|
|
238 The Minibuffer
|
|
|
239
|
|
|
240 * File: Minibuffer File. Entering file names with the minibuffer.
|
|
|
241 * Edit: Minibuffer Edit. How to edit in the minibuffer.
|
|
|
242 * Completion:: An abbreviation facility for minibuffer input.
|
|
|
243 * Repetition:: Re-executing commands that used the minibuffer.
|
|
|
244
|
|
|
245 The Mark and the Region
|
|
|
246
|
|
|
247 * Setting Mark:: Commands to set the mark.
|
|
|
248 * Using Region:: Summary of ways to operate on contents of the region.
|
|
|
249 * Marking Objects:: Commands to put region around textual units.
|
|
|
250 * Mark Ring:: Previous mark positions saved so you can go back there.
|
|
|
251
|
|
|
252 Yanking
|
|
|
253
|
|
|
254 * Kill Ring:: Where killed text is stored. Basic yanking.
|
|
|
255 * Appending Kills:: Several kills in a row all yank together.
|
|
|
256 * Earlier Kills:: Yanking something killed some time ago.
|
|
|
257
|
|
|
258 Using X Selections
|
|
|
259
|
|
|
260 * X Clipboard Selection:: Pasting to the X clipboard.
|
|
|
261 * X Selection Commands:: Other operations on the selection.
|
|
|
262 * X Cut Buffers:: X cut buffers are available for compatibility.
|
|
|
263 * Active Regions:: Using zmacs-style highlighting of the
|
|
|
264 selected region.
|
|
|
265
|
|
|
266 Registers
|
|
|
267
|
|
|
268 * RegPos:: Saving positions in registers.
|
|
|
269 * RegText:: Saving text in registers.
|
|
|
270 * RegRect:: Saving rectangles in registers.
|
|
|
271
|
|
|
272 Controlling the Display
|
|
|
273
|
|
|
274 * Scrolling:: Moving text up and down in a window.
|
|
|
275 * Horizontal Scrolling:: Moving text left and right in a window.
|
|
|
276 * Selective Display:: Hiding lines with lots of indentation.
|
|
|
277 * Display Vars:: Information on variables for customizing display.
|
|
|
278
|
|
|
279 Searching and Replacement
|
|
|
280
|
|
|
281 * Incremental Search:: Search happens as you type the string.
|
|
|
282 * Non-Incremental Search:: Specify entire string and then search.
|
|
|
283 * Word Search:: Search for sequence of words.
|
|
|
284 * Regexp Search:: Search for match for a regexp.
|
|
|
285 * Regexps:: Syntax of regular expressions.
|
|
|
286 * Search Case:: To ignore case while searching, or not.
|
|
|
287 * Replace:: Search, and replace some or all matches.
|
|
|
288 * Other Repeating Search:: Operating on all matches for some regexp.
|
|
|
289
|
|
|
290 Replacement Commands
|
|
|
291
|
|
|
292 * Unconditional Replace:: Replacing all matches for a string.
|
|
|
293 * Regexp Replace:: Replacing all matches for a regexp.
|
|
|
294 * Replacement and Case:: How replacements preserve case of letters.
|
|
|
295 * Query Replace:: How to use querying.
|
|
|
296
|
|
|
297 Commands for Fixing Typos
|
|
|
298
|
|
|
299 * Kill Errors:: Commands to kill a batch of recently entered text.
|
|
|
300 * Transpose:: Exchanging two characters, words, lines, lists...
|
|
|
301 * Fixing Case:: Correcting case of last word entered.
|
|
|
302 * Spelling:: Apply spelling checker to a word, or a whole file.
|
|
|
303
|
|
|
304 File Handling
|
|
|
305
|
|
|
306 * File Names:: How to type and edit file name arguments.
|
|
|
307 * Visiting:: Visiting a file prepares XEmacs to edit the file.
|
|
|
308 * Saving:: Saving makes your changes permanent.
|
|
|
309 * Reverting:: Reverting cancels all the changes not saved.
|
|
|
310 * Auto Save:: Auto Save periodically protects against loss of data.
|
|
|
311 * Version Control:: Version control systems (RCS and SCCS).
|
|
|
312 * ListDir:: Listing the contents of a file directory.
|
|
|
313 * Comparing Files:: Finding where two files differ.
|
|
|
314 * Dired:: ``Editing'' a directory to delete, rename, etc.
|
|
|
315 the files in it.
|
|
|
316 * Misc File Ops:: Other things you can do on files.
|
|
|
317
|
|
|
318 Saving Files
|
|
|
319
|
|
|
320 * Backup:: How XEmacs saves the old version of your file.
|
|
|
321 * Interlocking:: How XEmacs protects against simultaneous editing
|
|
|
322 of one file by two users.
|
|
|
323
|
|
|
324 Backup Files
|
|
|
325
|
|
|
326 * Names: Backup Names. How backup files are named;
|
|
|
327 Choosing single or numbered backup files.
|
|
|
328 * Deletion: Backup Deletion. XEmacs deletes excess numbered backups.
|
|
|
329 * Copying: Backup Copying. Backups can be made by copying or renaming.
|
|
|
330
|
|
|
331 Auto-Saving: Protection Against Disasters
|
|
|
332
|
|
|
333 * Files: Auto Save Files.
|
|
|
334 * Control: Auto Save Control.
|
|
|
335 * Recover:: Recovering text from auto-save files.
|
|
|
336
|
|
|
337 Version Control
|
|
|
338
|
|
|
339 * Concepts of VC:: Basic version control information;
|
|
|
340 checking files in and out.
|
|
|
341 * Editing with VC:: Commands for editing a file maintained
|
|
|
342 with version control.
|
|
|
343 * Variables for Check-in/out:: Variables that affect the commands used
|
|
|
344 to check files in or out.
|
|
|
345 * Log Entries:: Logging your changes.
|
|
|
346 * Change Logs and VC:: Generating a change log file from log
|
|
|
347 entries.
|
|
|
348 * Old Versions:: Examining and comparing old versions.
|
|
|
349 * VC Status:: Commands to view the VC status of files and
|
|
|
350 look at log entries.
|
|
|
351 * Renaming and VC:: A command to rename both the source and
|
|
|
352 master file correctly.
|
|
|
353 * Snapshots:: How to make and use snapshots, a set of
|
|
|
354 file versions that can be treated as a unit.
|
|
|
355 * Version Headers:: Inserting version control headers into
|
|
|
356 working files.
|
|
|
357
|
|
|
358 Snapshots
|
|
|
359
|
|
|
360 * Making Snapshots:: The snapshot facilities.
|
|
|
361 * Snapshot Caveats:: Things to be careful of when using snapshots.
|
|
|
362
|
|
|
363 Dired, the Directory Editor
|
|
|
364
|
|
|
365 * Enter: Dired Enter. How to invoke Dired.
|
|
|
366 * Edit: Dired Edit. Editing the Dired buffer.
|
|
|
367 * Deletion: Dired Deletion. Deleting files with Dired.
|
|
|
368 * Immed: Dired Immed. Other file operations through Dired.
|
|
|
369
|
|
|
370 Using Multiple Buffers
|
|
|
371
|
|
|
372 * Select Buffer:: Creating a new buffer or reselecting an old one.
|
|
|
373 * List Buffers:: Getting a list of buffers that exist.
|
|
|
374 * Misc Buffer:: Renaming; changing read-onliness; copying text.
|
|
|
375 * Kill Buffer:: Killing buffers you no longer need.
|
|
|
376 * Several Buffers:: How to go through the list of all buffers
|
|
|
377 and operate variously on several of them.
|
|
|
378
|
|
|
379 Multiple Windows
|
|
|
380
|
|
|
381 * Basic Window:: Introduction to XEmacs windows.
|
|
|
382 * Split Window:: New windows are made by splitting existing windows.
|
|
|
383 * Other Window:: Moving to another window or doing something to it.
|
|
|
384 * Pop Up Window:: Finding a file or buffer in another window.
|
|
|
385 * Change Window:: Deleting windows and changing their sizes.
|
|
|
386
|
|
|
387 Major Modes
|
|
|
388
|
|
|
389 * Choosing Modes:: How major modes are specified or chosen.
|
|
|
390
|
|
|
391 Indentation
|
|
|
392
|
|
|
393 * Indentation Commands:: Various commands and techniques for indentation.
|
|
|
394 * Tab Stops:: You can set arbitrary "tab stops" and then
|
|
|
395 indent to the next tab stop when you want to.
|
|
|
396 * Just Spaces:: You can request indentation using just spaces.
|
|
|
397
|
|
|
398 Commands for Human Languages
|
|
|
399
|
|
|
400 * Text Mode:: The major modes for editing text files.
|
|
|
401 * Nroff Mode:: The major mode for editing input to the formatter nroff.
|
|
|
402 * TeX Mode:: The major modes for editing input to the formatter TeX.
|
|
181
|
403 * Outline Mode:: The major mode for editing outlines.
|
|
0
|
404 * Words:: Moving over and killing words.
|
|
|
405 * Sentences:: Moving over and killing sentences.
|
|
|
406 * Paragraphs:: Moving over paragraphs.
|
|
|
407 * Pages:: Moving over pages.
|
|
|
408 * Filling:: Filling or justifying text
|
|
|
409 * Case:: Changing the case of text
|
|
|
410
|
|
|
411 @TeX{} Mode
|
|
|
412
|
|
|
413 * Editing: TeX Editing. Special commands for editing in TeX mode.
|
|
|
414 * Printing: TeX Print. Commands for printing part of a file with TeX.
|
|
|
415
|
|
|
416 Outline Mode
|
|
|
417
|
|
|
418 * Format: Outline Format. What the text of an outline looks like.
|
|
|
419 * Motion: Outline Motion. Special commands for moving through outlines.
|
|
|
420 * Visibility: Outline Visibility. Commands to control what is visible.
|
|
|
421
|
|
|
422 Filling Text
|
|
|
423
|
|
|
424 * Auto Fill:: Auto Fill mode breaks long lines automatically.
|
|
|
425 * Fill Commands:: Commands to refill paragraphs and center lines.
|
|
|
426 * Fill Prefix:: Filling when every line is indented or in a comment, etc.
|
|
|
427
|
|
|
428 Editing Programs
|
|
|
429
|
|
|
430 * Program Modes:: Major modes for editing programs.
|
|
|
431 * Lists:: Expressions with balanced parentheses.
|
|
|
432 There are editing commands to operate on them.
|
|
|
433 * Defuns:: Each program is made up of separate functions.
|
|
|
434 There are editing commands to operate on them.
|
|
|
435 * Grinding:: Adjusting indentation to show the nesting.
|
|
|
436 * Matching:: Insertion of a close-delimiter flashes matching open.
|
|
|
437 * Comments:: Inserting, filling and aligning comments.
|
|
|
438 * Balanced Editing:: Inserting two matching parentheses at once, etc.
|
|
|
439 * Lisp Completion:: Completion on symbol names in Lisp code.
|
|
|
440 * Documentation:: Getting documentation of functions you plan to call.
|
|
|
441 * Change Log:: Maintaining a change history for your program.
|
|
|
442 * Tags:: Go directly to any function in your program in one
|
|
|
443 command. Tags remembers which file it is in.
|
|
|
444 * Fortran:: Fortran mode and its special features.
|
|
|
445 * Asm Mode:: Asm mode and its special features.
|
|
|
446
|
|
|
447 Indentation for Programs
|
|
|
448
|
|
|
449 * Basic Indent::
|
|
|
450 * Multi-line Indent:: Commands to reindent many lines at once.
|
|
|
451 * Lisp Indent:: Specifying how each Lisp function should be indented.
|
|
|
452 * C Indent:: Choosing an indentation style for C code.
|
|
|
453
|
|
70
|
454 Tags Tables
|
|
0
|
455
|
|
70
|
456 * Tag Syntax:: Tag syntax for various types of code and text files.
|
|
|
457 * Create Tags Table:: Creating a tags table with @code{etags}.
|
|
|
458 * Select Tags Table:: How to visit a tags table.
|
|
|
459 * Find Tag:: Commands to find the definition of a specific tag.
|
|
|
460 * Tags Search:: Using a tags table for searching and replacing.
|
|
|
461 * List Tags:: Listing and finding tags defined in a file.
|
|
0
|
462
|
|
|
463 Fortran Mode
|
|
|
464
|
|
|
465 * Motion: Fortran Motion. Moving point by statements or subprograms.
|
|
|
466 * Indent: Fortran Indent. Indentation commands for Fortran.
|
|
|
467 * Comments: Fortran Comments. Inserting and aligning comments.
|
|
|
468 * Columns: Fortran Columns. Measuring columns for valid Fortran.
|
|
|
469 * Abbrev: Fortran Abbrev. Built-in abbrevs for Fortran keywords.
|
|
|
470
|
|
|
471 Fortran Indentation
|
|
|
472
|
|
|
473 * Commands: ForIndent Commands. Commands for indenting Fortran.
|
|
|
474 * Numbers: ForIndent Num. How line numbers auto-indent.
|
|
|
475 * Conv: ForIndent Conv. Conventions you must obey to avoid trouble.
|
|
|
476 * Vars: ForIndent Vars. Variables controlling Fortran indent style.
|
|
|
477
|
|
|
478 Compiling and Testing Programs
|
|
|
479
|
|
|
480 * Compilation:: Compiling programs in languages other than Lisp
|
|
|
481 (C, Pascal, etc.)
|
|
|
482 * Modes: Lisp Modes. Various modes for editing Lisp programs, with
|
|
|
483 different facilities for running the Lisp programs.
|
|
|
484 * Libraries: Lisp Libraries. Creating Lisp programs to run in XEmacs.
|
|
|
485 * Eval: Lisp Eval. Executing a single Lisp expression in XEmacs.
|
|
|
486 * Debug: Lisp Debug. Debugging Lisp programs running in XEmacs.
|
|
|
487 * Interaction: Lisp Interaction. Executing Lisp in an XEmacs buffer.
|
|
|
488 * External Lisp:: Communicating through XEmacs with a separate Lisp.
|
|
|
489
|
|
|
490 Lisp Libraries
|
|
|
491
|
|
|
492 * Loading:: Loading libraries of Lisp code into XEmacs for use.
|
|
|
493 * Compiling Libraries:: Compiling a library makes it load and run faster.
|
|
|
494 * Mocklisp:: Converting Mocklisp to Lisp so XEmacs can run it.
|
|
|
495
|
|
|
496 Abbrevs
|
|
|
497
|
|
|
498 * Defining Abbrevs:: Defining an abbrev, so it will expand when typed.
|
|
|
499 * Expanding Abbrevs:: Controlling expansion: prefixes, canceling expansion.
|
|
|
500 * Editing Abbrevs:: Viewing or editing the entire list of defined abbrevs.
|
|
|
501 * Saving Abbrevs:: Saving the entire list of abbrevs for another session.
|
|
|
502 * Dynamic Abbrevs:: Abbreviations for words already in the buffer.
|
|
|
503
|
|
|
504 Editing Pictures
|
|
|
505
|
|
|
506 * Basic Picture:: Basic concepts and simple commands of Picture Mode.
|
|
|
507 * Insert in Picture:: Controlling direction of cursor motion
|
|
|
508 after "self-inserting" characters.
|
|
|
509 * Tabs in Picture:: Various features for tab stops and indentation.
|
|
|
510 * Rectangles in Picture:: Clearing and superimposing rectangles.
|
|
|
511
|
|
|
512 Sending Mail
|
|
|
513
|
|
|
514 * Format: Mail Format. Format of the mail being composed.
|
|
|
515 * Headers: Mail Headers. Details of allowed mail header fields.
|
|
|
516 * Mode: Mail Mode. Special commands for editing mail being composed.
|
|
|
517
|
|
|
518 Running Shell Commands from XEmacs
|
|
|
519
|
|
|
520 * Single Shell:: How to run one shell command and return.
|
|
|
521 * Interactive Shell:: Permanent shell taking input via XEmacs.
|
|
|
522 * Shell Mode:: Special XEmacs commands used with permanent shell.
|
|
|
523
|
|
|
524 Customization
|
|
|
525
|
|
|
526 * Minor Modes:: Each minor mode is one feature you can turn on
|
|
|
527 independently of any others.
|
|
|
528 * Variables:: Many XEmacs commands examine XEmacs variables
|
|
|
529 to decide what to do; by setting variables,
|
|
|
530 you can control their functioning.
|
|
|
531 * Keyboard Macros:: A keyboard macro records a sequence of keystrokes
|
|
|
532 to be replayed with a single command.
|
|
|
533 * Key Bindings:: The keymaps say what command each key runs.
|
|
|
534 By changing them, you can "redefine keys".
|
|
|
535 * Syntax:: The syntax table controls how words and expressions
|
|
|
536 are parsed.
|
|
|
537 * Init File:: How to write common customizations in the @file{.emacs}
|
|
|
538 file.
|
|
|
539 * Audible Bell:: Changing how XEmacs sounds the bell.
|
|
|
540 * Faces:: Changing the fonts and colors of a region of text.
|
|
|
541 * X Resources:: X resources controlling various aspects of the
|
|
|
542 behavior of XEmacs.
|
|
|
543
|
|
|
544 Variables
|
|
|
545
|
|
|
546 * Examining:: Examining or setting one variable's value.
|
|
195
|
547 * Easy Customization:: Convenient and easy customization of variables.
|
|
0
|
548 * Edit Options:: Examining or editing list of all variables' values.
|
|
|
549 * Locals:: Per-buffer values of variables.
|
|
|
550 * File Variables:: How files can specify variable values.
|
|
|
551
|
|
|
552 Keyboard Macros
|
|
|
553
|
|
|
554 * Basic Kbd Macro:: Defining and running keyboard macros.
|
|
|
555 * Save Kbd Macro:: Giving keyboard macros names; saving them in files.
|
|
|
556 * Kbd Macro Query:: Keyboard macros that do different things each use.
|
|
|
557
|
|
|
558 Customizing Key Bindings
|
|
|
559
|
|
|
560 * Keymaps:: Definition of the keymap data structure.
|
|
|
561 Names of XEmacs's standard keymaps.
|
|
|
562 * Rebinding:: How to redefine one key's meaning conveniently.
|
|
|
563 * Disabling:: Disabling a command means confirmation is required
|
|
|
564 before it can be executed. This is done to protect
|
|
|
565 beginners from surprises.
|
|
|
566
|
|
|
567 The Syntax Table
|
|
|
568
|
|
|
569 * Entry: Syntax Entry. What the syntax table records for each character.
|
|
|
570 * Change: Syntax Change. How to change the information.
|
|
|
571
|
|
|
572 The Init File, @file{~/.emacs}
|
|
|
573
|
|
|
574 * Init Syntax:: Syntax of constants in Emacs Lisp.
|
|
|
575 * Init Examples:: How to do some things with an init file.
|
|
|
576 * Terminal Init:: Each terminal type can have an init file.
|
|
|
577
|
|
|
578 Dealing with XEmacs Trouble
|
|
|
579
|
|
|
580 * Stuck Recursive:: `[...]' in mode line around the parentheses.
|
|
|
581 * Screen Garbled:: Garbage on the screen.
|
|
|
582 * Text Garbled:: Garbage in the text.
|
|
|
583 * Unasked-for Search:: Spontaneous entry to incremental search.
|
|
|
584 * Emergency Escape:: Emergency escape---
|
|
|
585 What to do if XEmacs stops responding.
|
|
|
586 * Total Frustration:: When you are at your wits' end.
|
|
|
587
|
|
|
588 @end menu
|
|
|
589
|
|
|
590 @iftex
|
|
|
591 @unnumbered Preface
|
|
|
592
|
|
|
593 This manual documents the use and simple customization of the XEmacs
|
|
|
594 editor. The reader is not expected to be a programmer to use this
|
|
|
595 editor, and simple customizations do not require programming skills either.
|
|
|
596 Users who are not interested in customizing XEmacs can ignore the scattered
|
|
|
597 customization hints.
|
|
|
598
|
|
|
599 This document is primarily a reference manual, but it can also be used as a
|
|
|
600 primer. However, if you are new to XEmacs, consider using the on-line,
|
|
|
601 learn-by-doing tutorial, which you get by running XEmacs and typing
|
|
|
602 @kbd{C-h t}. With it, you learn XEmacs by using XEmacs on a specially
|
|
|
603 designed file which describes commands, tells you when to try them,
|
|
|
604 and then explains the results you see. Using the tutorial gives a more vivid
|
|
|
605 introduction than the printed manual. Also consider reading the XEmacs
|
|
|
606 New User's Guide, which is intended specifically as an introductory
|
|
|
607 manual rather than as a reference guide.
|
|
|
608
|
|
|
609 On first reading, just skim chapters one and two, which describe the
|
|
|
610 notational conventions of the manual and the general appearance of the
|
|
|
611 XEmacs display frame. Note which questions are answered in these chapters,
|
|
|
612 so you can refer back later. After reading chapter four you should
|
|
|
613 practice the commands there. The next few chapters describe fundamental
|
|
|
614 techniques and concepts that are used constantly. You need to understand
|
|
|
615 them thoroughly, experimenting with them if necessary.
|
|
|
616
|
|
|
617 To find the documentation on a particular command, look in the index.
|
|
|
618 Keys (character commands) and command names have separate indexes. There
|
|
|
619 is also a glossary, with a cross reference for each term.
|
|
|
620
|
|
|
621 @ignore
|
|
|
622 If you know vaguely what the command
|
|
|
623 does, look in the command summary. The command summary contains a line or
|
|
|
624 two about each command, and a cross reference to the section of the
|
|
|
625 manual that describes the command in more detail; related commands
|
|
|
626 are grouped together.
|
|
|
627 @end ignore
|
|
|
628
|
|
|
629 This manual comes in two forms: the published form and the Info form.
|
|
|
630 The Info form is for on-line perusal with the INFO program; it is
|
|
|
631 distributed along with XEmacs. Both forms contain substantially the
|
|
|
632 same text and are generated from a common source file, which is also
|
|
|
633 distributed along with XEmacs.
|
|
|
634
|
|
|
635 XEmacs is a member of the Emacs editor family. There are many Emacs
|
|
|
636 editors, all sharing common principles of organization. For information on
|
|
|
637 the underlying philosophy of Emacs and the lessons learned from its
|
|
|
638 development, write for a copy of AI memo 519a, ``Emacs, the Extensible,
|
|
|
639 Customizable Self-Documenting Display Editor'', to Publications Department,
|
|
|
640 Artificial Intelligence Lab, 545 Tech Square, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. At
|
|
|
641 last report they charge $2.25 per copy. Another useful publication is LCS
|
|
|
642 TM-165, ``A Cookbook for an Emacs'', by Craig Finseth, available from
|
|
|
643 Publications Department, Laboratory for Computer Science, 545 Tech Square,
|
|
|
644 Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. The price today is $3.
|
|
|
645
|
|
|
646 This manual is for XEmacs installed on UNIX systems. XEmacs also
|
|
|
647 exists on Microsoft Windows and Windows NT as Win-Emacs (which is
|
|
|
648 actually based on Lucid Emacs 19.6, an older incarnation of XEmacs).
|
|
|
649 @end iftex
|
|
|
650
|
|
|
651 @comment node-name, next, previous, up
|
|
|
652 @node License, Distrib, Top, Top
|
|
|
653 @unnumbered GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE
|
|
|
654 @center Version 1, February 1989
|
|
|
655 @cindex license to copy XEmacs
|
|
|
656 @cindex General Public License
|
|
|
657
|
|
|
658 @display
|
|
|
659 Copyright @copyright{} 1989 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
|
|
|
660 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
|
|
|
661
|
|
|
662 Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies
|
|
|
663 of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.
|
|
|
664 @end display
|
|
|
665
|
|
|
666 @unnumberedsec Preamble
|
|
|
667
|
|
|
668 The license agreements of most software companies try to keep users
|
|
|
669 at the mercy of those companies. By contrast, our General Public
|
|
|
670 License is intended to guarantee your freedom to share and change free
|
|
|
671 software---to make sure the software is free for all its users. The
|
|
|
672 General Public License applies to the Free Software Foundation's
|
|
|
673 software and to any other program whose authors commit to using it.
|
|
|
674 You can use it for your programs, too.
|
|
|
675
|
|
|
676 When we speak of free software, we are referring to freedom, not
|
|
|
677 price. Specifically, the General Public License is designed to make
|
|
|
678 sure that you have the freedom to give away or sell copies of free
|
|
|
679 software, that you receive source code or can get it if you want it,
|
|
|
680 that you can change the software or use pieces of it in new free
|
|
|
681 programs; and that you know you can do these things.
|
|
|
682
|
|
|
683 To protect your rights, we need to make restrictions that forbid
|
|
|
684 anyone to deny you these rights or to ask you to surrender the rights.
|
|
|
685 These restrictions translate to certain responsibilities for you if you
|
|
|
686 distribute copies of the software, or if you modify it.
|
|
|
687
|
|
|
688 For example, if you distribute copies of a such a program, whether
|
|
|
689 gratis or for a fee, you must give the recipients all the rights that
|
|
|
690 you have. You must make sure that they, too, receive or can get the
|
|
|
691 source code. And you must tell them their rights.
|
|
|
692
|
|
|
693 We protect your rights with two steps: (1) copyright the software, and
|
|
|
694 (2) offer you this license which gives you legal permission to copy,
|
|
|
695 distribute and/or modify the software.
|
|
|
696
|
|
|
697 Also, for each author's protection and ours, we want to make certain
|
|
|
698 that everyone understands that there is no warranty for this free
|
|
|
699 software. If the software is modified by someone else and passed on, we
|
|
|
700 want its recipients to know that what they have is not the original, so
|
|
|
701 that any problems introduced by others will not reflect on the original
|
|
|
702 authors' reputations.
|
|
|
703
|
|
|
704 The precise terms and conditions for copying, distribution and
|
|
|
705 modification follow.
|
|
|
706
|
|
|
707 @iftex
|
|
|
708 @unnumberedsec TERMS AND CONDITIONS
|
|
|
709 @end iftex
|
|
|
710 @ifinfo
|
|
|
711 @center TERMS AND CONDITIONS
|
|
|
712 @end ifinfo
|
|
|
713
|
|
|
714 @enumerate
|
|
|
715 @item
|
|
|
716 This License Agreement applies to any program or other work which
|
|
|
717 contains a notice placed by the copyright holder saying it may be
|
|
|
718 distributed under the terms of this General Public License. The
|
|
|
719 ``Program'', below, refers to any such program or work, and a ``work based
|
|
|
720 on the Program'' means either the Program or any work containing the
|
|
|
721 Program or a portion of it, either verbatim or with modifications. Each
|
|
|
722 licensee is addressed as ``you''.
|
|
|
723
|
|
|
724 @item
|
|
|
725 @cindex Distribution
|
|
|
726 You may copy and distribute verbatim copies of the Program's source
|
|
|
727 code as you receive it, in any medium, provided that you conspicuously and
|
|
|
728 appropriately publish on each copy an appropriate copyright notice and
|
|
|
729 disclaimer of warranty; keep intact all the notices that refer to this
|
|
|
730 General Public License and to the absence of any warranty; and give any
|
|
|
731 other recipients of the Program a copy of this General Public License
|
|
|
732 along with the Program. You may charge a fee for the physical act of
|
|
|
733 transferring a copy.
|
|
|
734
|
|
|
735 @item
|
|
|
736 You may modify your copy or copies of the Program or any portion of
|
|
|
737 it, and copy and distribute such modifications under the terms of Paragraph
|
|
|
738 1 above, provided that you also do the following:
|
|
|
739
|
|
|
740 @itemize @bullet
|
|
|
741 @item
|
|
|
742 cause the modified files to carry prominent notices stating that
|
|
|
743 you changed the files and the date of any change; and
|
|
|
744
|
|
|
745 @item
|
|
|
746 cause the whole of any work that you distribute or publish, that
|
|
|
747 in whole or in part contains the Program or any part thereof, either
|
|
|
748 with or without modifications, to be licensed at no charge to all
|
|
|
749 third parties under the terms of this General Public License (except
|
|
|
750 that you may choose to grant warranty protection to some or all
|
|
|
751 third parties, at your option).
|
|
|
752
|
|
|
753 @item
|
|
|
754 If the modified program normally reads commands interactively when
|
|
|
755 run, you must cause it, when started running for such interactive use
|
|
|
756 in the simplest and most usual way, to print or display an
|
|
|
757 announcement including an appropriate copyright notice and a notice
|
|
|
758 that there is no warranty (or else, saying that you provide a
|
|
|
759 warranty) and that users may redistribute the program under these
|
|
|
760 conditions, and telling the user how to view a copy of this General
|
|
|
761 Public License.
|
|
|
762
|
|
|
763 @item
|
|
|
764 You may charge a fee for the physical act of transferring a
|
|
|
765 copy, and you may at your option offer warranty protection in
|
|
|
766 exchange for a fee.
|
|
|
767 @end itemize
|
|
|
768
|
|
|
769 Mere aggregation of another independent work with the Program (or its
|
|
|
770 derivative) on a volume of a storage or distribution medium does not bring
|
|
|
771 the other work under the scope of these terms.
|
|
|
772
|
|
|
773 @item
|
|
|
774 You may copy and distribute the Program (or a portion or derivative of
|
|
|
775 it, under Paragraph 2) in object code or executable form under the terms of
|
|
|
776 Paragraphs 1 and 2 above provided that you also do one of the following:
|
|
|
777
|
|
|
778 @itemize @bullet
|
|
|
779 @item
|
|
|
780 accompany it with the complete corresponding machine-readable
|
|
|
781 source code, which must be distributed under the terms of
|
|
|
782 Paragraphs 1 and 2 above; or,
|
|
|
783
|
|
|
784 @item
|
|
|
785 accompany it with a written offer, valid for at least three
|
|
|
786 years, to give any third party free (except for a nominal charge
|
|
|
787 for the cost of distribution) a complete machine-readable copy of the
|
|
|
788 corresponding source code, to be distributed under the terms of
|
|
|
789 Paragraphs 1 and 2 above; or,
|
|
|
790
|
|
|
791 @item
|
|
|
792 accompany it with the information you received as to where the
|
|
|
793 corresponding source code may be obtained. (This alternative is
|
|
|
794 allowed only for noncommercial distribution and only if you
|
|
|
795 received the program in object code or executable form alone.)
|
|
|
796 @end itemize
|
|
|
797
|
|
|
798 Source code for a work means the preferred form of the work for making
|
|
|
799 modifications to it. For an executable file, complete source code means
|
|
|
800 all the source code for all modules it contains; but, as a special
|
|
|
801 exception, it need not include source code for modules which are standard
|
|
|
802 libraries that accompany the operating system on which the executable
|
|
|
803 file runs, or for standard header files or definitions files that
|
|
|
804 accompany that operating system.
|
|
|
805
|
|
|
806 @item
|
|
|
807 You may not copy, modify, sublicense, distribute or transfer the
|
|
|
808 Program except as expressly provided under this General Public License.
|
|
|
809 Any attempt otherwise to copy, modify, sublicense, distribute or transfer
|
|
|
810 the Program is void, and will automatically terminate your rights to use
|
|
|
811 the Program under this License. However, parties who have received
|
|
|
812 copies, or rights to use copies, from you under this General Public
|
|
|
813 License will not have their licenses terminated so long as such parties
|
|
|
814 remain in full compliance.
|
|
|
815
|
|
|
816 @item
|
|
|
817 By copying, distributing or modifying the Program (or any work based
|
|
|
818 on the Program) you indicate your acceptance of this license to do so,
|
|
|
819 and all its terms and conditions.
|
|
|
820
|
|
|
821 @item
|
|
|
822 Each time you redistribute the Program (or any work based on the
|
|
|
823 Program), the recipient automatically receives a license from the original
|
|
|
824 licensor to copy, distribute or modify the Program subject to these
|
|
|
825 terms and conditions. You may not impose any further restrictions on the
|
|
|
826 recipients' exercise of the rights granted herein.
|
|
|
827
|
|
|
828 @page
|
|
|
829 @item
|
|
|
830 The Free Software Foundation may publish revised and/or new versions
|
|
|
831 of the General Public License from time to time. Such new versions will
|
|
|
832 be similar in spirit to the present version, but may differ in detail to
|
|
|
833 address new problems or concerns.
|
|
|
834
|
|
|
835 Each version is given a distinguishing version number. If the Program
|
|
|
836 specifies a version number of the license which applies to it and ``any
|
|
|
837 later version'', you have the option of following the terms and conditions
|
|
|
838 either of that version or of any later version published by the Free
|
|
|
839 Software Foundation. If the Program does not specify a version number of
|
|
|
840 the license, you may choose any version ever published by the Free Software
|
|
|
841 Foundation.
|
|
|
842
|
|
|
843 @item
|
|
|
844 If you wish to incorporate parts of the Program into other free
|
|
|
845 programs whose distribution conditions are different, write to the author
|
|
|
846 to ask for permission. For software which is copyrighted by the Free
|
|
|
847 Software Foundation, write to the Free Software Foundation; we sometimes
|
|
|
848 make exceptions for this. Our decision will be guided by the two goals
|
|
|
849 of preserving the free status of all derivatives of our free software and
|
|
|
850 of promoting the sharing and reuse of software generally.
|
|
|
851
|
|
|
852 @iftex
|
|
|
853 @heading NO WARRANTY
|
|
|
854 @end iftex
|
|
|
855 @ifinfo
|
|
|
856 @center NO WARRANTY
|
|
|
857 @end ifinfo
|
|
|
858
|
|
|
859 @item
|
|
|
860 BECAUSE THE PROGRAM IS LICENSED FREE OF CHARGE, THERE IS NO WARRANTY
|
|
|
861 FOR THE PROGRAM, TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW. EXCEPT WHEN
|
|
|
862 OTHERWISE STATED IN WRITING THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND/OR OTHER PARTIES
|
|
|
863 PROVIDE THE PROGRAM ``AS IS'' WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESSED
|
|
|
864 OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
|
|
|
865 MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. THE ENTIRE RISK AS
|
|
|
866 TO THE QUALITY AND PERFORMANCE OF THE PROGRAM IS WITH YOU. SHOULD THE
|
|
|
867 PROGRAM PROVE DEFECTIVE, YOU ASSUME THE COST OF ALL NECESSARY SERVICING,
|
|
|
868 REPAIR OR CORRECTION.
|
|
|
869
|
|
|
870 @item
|
|
|
871 IN NO EVENT UNLESS REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW OR AGREED TO IN WRITING WILL
|
|
|
872 ANY COPYRIGHT HOLDER, OR ANY OTHER PARTY WHO MAY MODIFY AND/OR
|
|
|
873 REDISTRIBUTE THE PROGRAM AS PERMITTED ABOVE, BE LIABLE TO YOU FOR DAMAGES,
|
|
|
874 INCLUDING ANY GENERAL, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES
|
|
|
875 ARISING OUT OF THE USE OR INABILITY TO USE THE PROGRAM (INCLUDING BUT NOT
|
|
|
876 LIMITED TO LOSS OF DATA OR DATA BEING RENDERED INACCURATE OR LOSSES
|
|
|
877 SUSTAINED BY YOU OR THIRD PARTIES OR A FAILURE OF THE PROGRAM TO OPERATE
|
|
|
878 WITH ANY OTHER PROGRAMS), EVEN IF SUCH HOLDER OR OTHER PARTY HAS BEEN
|
|
|
879 ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES.
|
|
|
880 @end enumerate
|
|
|
881
|
|
|
882 @iftex
|
|
|
883 @heading END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS
|
|
|
884 @end iftex
|
|
|
885 @ifinfo
|
|
|
886 @center END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS
|
|
|
887 @end ifinfo
|
|
|
888
|
|
|
889 @page
|
|
|
890 @unnumberedsec Appendix: How to Apply These Terms to Your New Programs
|
|
|
891
|
|
|
892 If you develop a new program, and you want it to be of the greatest
|
|
|
893 possible use to humanity, the best way to achieve this is to make it
|
|
|
894 free software which everyone can redistribute and change under these
|
|
|
895 terms.
|
|
|
896
|
|
|
897 To do so, attach the following notices to the program. It is safest to
|
|
|
898 attach them to the start of each source file to most effectively convey
|
|
|
899 the exclusion of warranty; and each file should have at least the
|
|
|
900 ``copyright'' line and a pointer to where the full notice is found.
|
|
|
901
|
|
|
902 @smallexample
|
|
|
903 @var{one line to give the program's name and a brief idea of what it does.}
|
|
|
904 Copyright (C) 19@var{yy} @var{name of author}
|
|
|
905
|
|
|
906 This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
|
|
|
907 it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
|
|
|
908 the Free Software Foundation; either version 1, or (at your option)
|
|
|
909 any later version.
|
|
|
910
|
|
|
911 This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
|
|
|
912 but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
|
|
|
913 MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
|
|
|
914 GNU General Public License for more details.
|
|
|
915
|
|
|
916 You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
|
|
|
917 along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
|
|
|
918 Foundation, Inc., 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
|
|
|
919 @end smallexample
|
|
|
920
|
|
|
921 Also add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail.
|
|
|
922
|
|
|
923 If the program is interactive, make it output a short notice like this
|
|
|
924 when it starts in an interactive mode:
|
|
|
925
|
|
|
926 @smallexample
|
|
|
927 Gnomovision version 69, Copyright (C) 19@var{yy} @var{name of author}
|
|
|
928 Gnomovision comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY; for details type `show w'.
|
|
|
929 This is free software, and you are welcome to redistribute it
|
|
|
930 under certain conditions; type `show c' for details.
|
|
|
931 @end smallexample
|
|
|
932
|
|
|
933 The hypothetical commands `show w' and `show c' should show the
|
|
|
934 appropriate parts of the General Public License. Of course, the
|
|
|
935 commands you use may be called something other than `show w' and `show
|
|
|
936 c'; they could even be mouse-clicks or menu items---whatever suits your
|
|
|
937 program.
|
|
|
938
|
|
|
939 @page
|
|
|
940 You should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or your
|
|
|
941 school, if any, to sign a ``copyright disclaimer'' for the program, if
|
|
|
942 necessary. Here a sample; alter the names:
|
|
|
943
|
|
|
944 @example
|
|
|
945 Yoyodyne, Inc., hereby disclaims all copyright interest in the
|
|
|
946 program `Gnomovision' (a program to direct compilers to make passes
|
|
|
947 at assemblers) written by James Hacker.
|
|
|
948
|
|
|
949 @var{signature of Ty Coon}, 1 April 1989
|
|
|
950 Ty Coon, President of Vice
|
|
|
951 @end example
|
|
|
952
|
|
|
953 That's all there is to it!
|
|
|
954
|
|
|
955 @comment node-name, next, previous, up
|
|
|
956 @node Distrib, Intro, License, Top
|
|
|
957 @unnumbered Distribution
|
|
|
958
|
|
|
959 XEmacs is @dfn{free}; this means that everyone is free to use it and
|
|
|
960 free to redistribute it on a free basis. XEmacs is not in the public
|
|
|
961 domain; it is copyrighted and there are restrictions on its
|
|
|
962 distribution, but these restrictions are designed to permit everything
|
|
|
963 that a good cooperating citizen would want to do. What is not allowed
|
|
|
964 is to try to prevent others from further sharing any version of XEmacs
|
|
|
965 that they might get from you. The precise conditions are found in
|
|
|
966 the GNU General Public License that comes with XEmacs and also appears
|
|
|
967 following this section.
|
|
|
968
|
|
|
969 The easiest way to get a copy of XEmacs is from someone else who has it.
|
|
|
970 You need not ask for permission to do so, or tell any one else; just copy
|
|
|
971 it.
|
|
|
972
|
|
|
973 If you have access to the Internet, you can get the latest version of
|
|
|
974 XEmacs from the anonymous FTP server @file{ftp.xemacs.org} in the directory
|
|
|
975 @file{/pub/xemacs}. It can also be found at numerous other archive
|
|
|
976 sites around the world; check the file @file{etc/DISTRIB} in an XEmacs
|
|
|
977 distribution for the latest known list.
|
|
|
978
|
|
|
979
|
|
|
980 @unnumberedsec Getting Other Versions of Emacs
|
|
|
981
|
|
|
982 The Free Software Foundation's version of Emacs (called @dfn{FSF Emacs}
|
|
|
983 in this manual and often referred to as @dfn{GNU Emacs}) is available
|
|
|
984 by anonymous FTP from @file{prep.ai.mit.edu}.
|
|
|
985
|
|
|
986 Win-Emacs, an older version of XEmacs that runs on Microsoft Windows
|
|
|
987 and Windows NT, is available by anonymous FTP from @file{ftp.netcom.com}
|
|
|
988 in the directory @file{/pub/pe/pearl}, or from @file{ftp.cica.indiana.edu}
|
|
|
989 as the files @file{wemdemo*.zip} in the directory @file{/pub/pc/win3/demo}.
|
|
|
990
|
|
|
991 @node Intro, Glossary, Distrib, Top
|
|
|
992 @unnumbered Introduction
|
|
|
993
|
|
|
994 You are reading about XEmacs, an incarnation of the advanced,
|
|
|
995 self-documenting, customizable, extensible real-time display editor
|
|
|
996 Emacs. XEmacs provides many powerful display and user-interface
|
|
|
997 capabilities not found in other Emacsen and is mostly upwardly
|
|
|
998 compatible with GNU Emacs from the Free Software Foundation
|
|
|
999 (referred to as @dfn{FSF Emacs} in this manual). XEmacs also
|
|
|
1000 comes standard with a great number of useful packages.
|
|
|
1001
|
|
|
1002 We say that XEmacs is a @dfn{display} editor because normally the text
|
|
|
1003 being edited is visible on the screen and is updated automatically as you
|
|
|
1004 type. @xref{Frame,Display}.
|
|
|
1005
|
|
|
1006 We call XEmacs a @dfn{real-time} editor because the display is updated very
|
|
|
1007 frequently, usually after each character or pair of characters you
|
|
|
1008 type. This minimizes the amount of information you must keep in your
|
|
|
1009 head as you edit. @xref{Basic,Real-time,Basic Editing}.
|
|
|
1010
|
|
|
1011 We call XEmacs advanced because it provides facilities that go beyond
|
|
|
1012 simple insertion and deletion: filling of text; automatic indentation of
|
|
|
1013 programs; viewing two or more files at once; and dealing in terms of
|
|
|
1014 characters, words, lines, sentences, paragraphs, and pages, as well as
|
|
|
1015 expressions and comments in several different programming languages. It is
|
|
|
1016 much easier to type one command meaning ``go to the end of the paragraph''
|
|
|
1017 than to find that spot with simple cursor keys.
|
|
|
1018
|
|
|
1019 @dfn{Self-documenting} means that at any time you can type a special
|
|
|
1020 character, @kbd{Control-h}, to find out what your options are. You can
|
|
|
1021 also use @kbd{C-h} to find out what a command does, or to find all the
|
|
|
1022 commands relevant to a topic. @xref{Help}.
|
|
|
1023
|
|
|
1024 @dfn{Customizable} means you can change the definitions of XEmacs
|
|
|
1025 commands. For example, if you use a programming language in
|
|
|
1026 which comments start with @samp{<**} and end with @samp{**>}, you can tell
|
|
|
1027 the XEmacs comment manipulation commands to use those strings
|
|
|
1028 (@pxref{Comments}). Another sort of customization is rearrangement of the
|
|
|
1029 command set. For example, you can set up the four basic cursor motion
|
|
|
1030 commands (up, down, left and right) on keys in a diamond pattern on the
|
|
|
1031 keyboard if you prefer. @xref{Customization}.
|
|
|
1032
|
|
|
1033 @dfn{Extensible} means you can go beyond simple customization and
|
|
|
1034 write entirely new commands, programs in the Lisp language to be run by
|
|
|
1035 XEmacs's own Lisp interpreter. XEmacs is an ``on-line extensible''
|
|
|
1036 system: it is divided into many functions that call each other. You can
|
|
|
1037 redefine any function in the middle of an editing session and replace
|
|
|
1038 any part of XEmacs without making a separate copy of all of XEmacs. Most
|
|
|
1039 of the editing commands of XEmacs are written in Lisp; the few
|
|
|
1040 exceptions could have been written in Lisp but are written in C for
|
|
|
1041 efficiency. Only a programmer can write an extension to XEmacs, but anybody
|
|
|
1042 can use it afterward.
|
|
|
1043
|
|
|
1044 @include frame.texi
|
|
|
1045 @include keystrokes.texi
|
|
|
1046 @include menus.texi
|
|
|
1047 @include entering.texi
|
|
|
1048 @include cmdargs.texi
|
|
|
1049 @include basic.texi
|
|
|
1050 @include undo.texi
|
|
|
1051 @include mini.texi
|
|
|
1052 @include m-x.texi
|
|
|
1053 @include help.texi
|
|
|
1054 @include mark.texi
|
|
|
1055 @include mouse.texi
|
|
|
1056 @include killing.texi
|
|
|
1057 @include regs.texi
|
|
|
1058 @include display.texi
|
|
|
1059 @include search.texi
|
|
|
1060 @include fixit.texi
|
|
|
1061 @include files.texi
|
|
|
1062 @include buffers.texi
|
|
|
1063 @include windows.texi
|
|
207
|
1064 @include mule.texi
|
|
0
|
1065 @include major.texi
|
|
|
1066 @include indent.texi
|
|
|
1067 @include text.texi
|
|
|
1068 @include programs.texi
|
|
|
1069 @include building.texi
|
|
|
1070 @include abbrevs.texi
|
|
|
1071 @include picture.texi
|
|
|
1072 @include sending.texi
|
|
|
1073 @include reading.texi
|
|
|
1074 @include calendar.texi
|
|
|
1075 @include misc.texi
|
|
|
1076 @include custom.texi
|
|
|
1077 @include trouble.texi
|
|
|
1078
|
|
|
1079 @include new.texi
|
|
|
1080 @include glossary.texi
|
|
|
1081 @include gnu.texi
|
|
|
1082
|
|
|
1083 @node Key Index, Command Index, Manifesto, Top
|
|
|
1084 @unnumbered Key (Character) Index
|
|
|
1085 @printindex ky
|
|
|
1086
|
|
|
1087 @node Command Index, Variable Index, Key Index, Top
|
|
|
1088 @unnumbered Command and Function Index
|
|
|
1089 @printindex fn
|
|
|
1090
|
|
|
1091 @node Variable Index, Concept Index, Command Index, Top
|
|
|
1092 @unnumbered Variable Index
|
|
|
1093 @printindex vr
|
|
|
1094
|
|
|
1095 @node Concept Index, Frame, Variable Index, Top
|
|
|
1096 @unnumbered Concept Index
|
|
|
1097 @printindex cp
|
|
|
1098
|
|
|
1099 @summarycontents
|
|
|
1100 @contents
|
|
|
1101 @bye
|
|
|
1102
|
|
|
1103
|
|
|
1104 @c Remember to delete these lines before creating the info file.
|
|
|
1105 @iftex
|
|
|
1106 @lucidbook
|
|
|
1107 @bindingoffset = 0.5in
|
|
|
1108 @parindent = 0pt
|
|
|
1109 @end iftex
|
