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2 @node Command Switches, Basic, Exiting, Top
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3 @section Command Line Switches and Arguments
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4 @cindex command line arguments
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5 @cindex arguments (from shell)
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6
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7 XEmacs supports command line arguments you can use to request
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8 various actions when invoking Emacs. The commands are for compatibility
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9 with other editors and for sophisticated activities. If you are using
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10 XEmacs under the X window system, you can also use a number of
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11 standard Xt command line arguments. Command line arguments are not usually
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12 needed for editing with Emacs; new users can skip this section.
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13
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14 Many editors are designed to be started afresh each time you want to
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15 edit. You start the editor to edit one file; then exit the editor. The
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16 next time you want to edit either another file or the same one, you
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17 start the editor again. Under these circumstances, it makes sense to use a
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18 command line argument to say which file to edit.
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19
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20 The recommended way to use XEmacs is to start it only once, just
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21 after you log in, and do all your editing in the same Emacs process.
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22 Each time you want to edit a file, you visit it using the existing
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23 Emacs. Emacs creates a new buffer for each file, and (unless you kill
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24 some of the buffers) Emacs eventually has many files in it ready for
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25 editing. Usually you do not kill the Emacs process until you are about
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26 to log out. Since you usually read files by typing commands to Emacs,
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27 command line arguments for specifying a file when Emacs is started are seldom
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28 needed.
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29
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30 Emacs accepts command-line arguments that specify files to visit,
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31 functions to call, and other activities and operating modes. If you are
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32 running XEmacs under the X window system, a number of standard
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33 Xt command line arguments are available as well.
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34
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35 The following subsections list:
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36 @itemize @bullet
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37 @item
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38 Command line arguments that you can always use
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39 @item
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40 Command line arguments that have to appear at the beginning of the
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41 argument list
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42 @item
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43 Command line arguments that are only relevant if you are running XEmacs
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44 under X
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45 @end itemize
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46
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47 @subsection Command Line Arguments for Any Position
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48 Command line arguments are processed in the order they appear on the
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49 command line; however, certain arguments (the ones in the
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50 second table) must be at the front of the list if they are used.
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51
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52 Here are the arguments allowed:
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53
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54 @table @samp
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55 @item @var{file}
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56 Visit @var{file} using @code{find-file}. @xref{Visiting}.
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57
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58 @item +@var{linenum} @var{file}
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59 Visit @var{file} using @code{find-file}, then go to line number
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60 @var{linenum} in it.
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61
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62 @item -load @var{file}
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63 @itemx -l @var{file}
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64 Load a file @var{file} of Lisp code with the function @code{load}.
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65 @xref{Lisp Libraries}.
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66
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67 @item -funcall @var{function}
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68 @itemx -f @var{function}
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69 Call Lisp function @var{function} with no arguments.
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70
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71 @item -eval @var{function}
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72 Interpret the next argument as a Lisp expression, and evaluate it.
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73 You must be very careful of the shell quoting here.
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74
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75 @item -insert @var{file}
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76 @itemx -i @var{file}
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77 Insert the contents of @var{file} into the current buffer. This is like
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78 what @kbd{M-x insert-buffer} does; @xref{Misc File Ops}.
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79
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80 @item -kill
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81 Exit from Emacs without asking for confirmation.
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82
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83 @item -version
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84 Prints version information. This implies @samp{-batch}.
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85
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86 @example
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87 % xemacs -version
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88 XEmacs 19.13 of Mon Aug 21 1995 on willow (usg-unix-v) [formerly Lucid Emacs]
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89 @end example
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90
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91 @item -help
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92 Prints a summary of command-line options and then exits.
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93 @end table
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94
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95 @subsection Command Line Arguments (Beginning of Line Only)
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96 The following arguments are recognized only at the beginning of the
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97 command line. If more than one of them appears, they must appear in the
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98 order in which they appear in this table.
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99
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100 @table @samp
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101 @item -t @var{file}
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102 Use @var{file} instead of the terminal for input and output. This
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103 implies the @samp{-nw} option, documented below.
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104
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105 @cindex batch mode
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106 @item -batch
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107 Run Emacs in @dfn{batch mode}, which means that the text being edited is
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108 not displayed and the standard Unix interrupt characters such as
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109 @kbd{C-z} and @kbd{C-c} continue to have their normal effect. Emacs in
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110 batch mode outputs to @code{stderr} only what would normally be printed
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111 in the echo area under program control.
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112
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113 Batch mode is used for running programs written in Emacs Lisp from shell
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114 scripts, makefiles, and so on. Normally the @samp{-l} switch or
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115 @samp{-f} switch will be used as well, to invoke a Lisp program to do
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116 the batch processing.
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117
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118 @samp{-batch} implies @samp{-q} (do not load an init file). It also
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119 causes Emacs to kill itself after all command switches have been
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120 processed. In addition, auto-saving is not done except in buffers for
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121 which it has been explicitly requested.
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122
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123 @item -nw
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124 Start up XEmacs in TTY mode (using the TTY XEmacs was started from),
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125 rather than trying to connect to an X display. Note that this happens
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126 automatically if the @samp{DISPLAY} environment variable is not set.
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127
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128 @item -debug-init
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129 Enter the debugger if an error in the init file occurs.
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130
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131 @item -unmapped
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132 Do not map the initial frame. This is useful if you want to start up
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133 XEmacs as a server (e.g. for gnuserv screens or external client widgets).
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134
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135 @item -no-init-file
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136 @itemx -q
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137 Do not load your Emacs init file @file{~/.emacs}.
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138
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139 @item -no-site-file
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140 Do not load the site-specific init file @file{lisp/site-start.el}.
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141
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142 @item -user @var{user}
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143 @itemx -u @var{user}
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144 Load @var{user}'s Emacs init file @file{~@var{user}/.emacs} instead of
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145 your own.
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146 @end table
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147
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148 @vindex command-line-args
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149 Note that the init file can get access to the command line argument
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150 values as the elements of a list in the variable
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151 @code{command-line-args}. (The arguments in the second table above will
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152 already have been processed and will not be in the list.) The init file
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153 can override the normal processing of the other arguments by setting
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154 this variable.
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155
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156 One way to use command switches is to visit many files automatically:
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157
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158 @example
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159 xemacs *.c
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160 @end example
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161
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162 @noindent
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163 passes each @code{.c} file as a separate argument to Emacs, so that
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164 Emacs visits each file (@pxref{Visiting}).
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165
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166 Here is an advanced example that assumes you have a Lisp program file
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167 called @file{hack-c-program.el} which, when loaded, performs some useful
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168 operation on the current buffer, expected to be a C program.
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169
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170 @example
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171 xemacs -batch foo.c -l hack-c-program -f save-buffer -kill > log
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172 @end example
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173
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174 @noindent
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175 Here Emacs is told to visit @file{foo.c}, load @file{hack-c-program.el}
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176 (which makes changes in the visited file), save @file{foo.c} (note that
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177 @code{save-buffer} is the function that @kbd{C-x C-s} is bound to), and
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178 then exit to the shell from which the command was executed. @samp{-batch}
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179 guarantees there will be no problem redirecting output to @file{log},
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180 because Emacs will not assume that it has a display terminal to work
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181 with.
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182
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183 @subsection Command Line Arguments (for XEmacs Under X)
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184 @vindex frame-title-format
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185 @vindex frame-icon-title-format
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186 If you are running XEmacs under X, a number of options are
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187 available to control color, border, and window title and icon name:
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188
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189 @table @samp
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190 @item -title @var{title}
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191 @itemx -wn @var{title}
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192 @itemx -T @var{title}
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193 Use @var{title} as the window title. This sets the
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194 @code{frame-title-format} variable, which controls the title of the X
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195 window corresponding to the selected frame. This is the same format as
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196 @code{mode-line-format}.
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197
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198 @item -iconname @var{title}
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199 @itemx -in @var{title}
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200 Use @var{title} as the icon name. This sets the
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201 @code{frame-icon-title-format} variable, which controls the title of
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202 the icon corresponding to the selected frame.
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203
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204 @item -mc @var{color}
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205 Use @var{color} as the mouse color.
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206
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207 @item -cr @var{color}
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208 Use @var{color} as the text-cursor foreground color.
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209 @end table
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210
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211 In addition, XEmacs allows you to use a number of standard Xt
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212 command line arguments.
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213
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214 @table @samp
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215
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216 @item -background @var{color}
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217 @itemx -bg @var{color}
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218 Use @var{color} as the background color.
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219
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220 @item -bordercolor @var{color}
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221 @itemx -bd @var{color}
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222 Use @var{color} as the border color.
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223
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224 @item -borderwidth @var{width}
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225 @itemx -bw @var{width}
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226 Use @var{width} as the border width.
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227
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228 @item -display @var{display}
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229 @itemx -d @var{display}
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230 When running under the X window system, create the window containing the
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231 Emacs frame on the display named @var{display}.
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232
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233 @item -foreground @var{color}
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234 @itemx -fg @var{color}
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235 Use @var{color} as the foreground color.
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236
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237 @item -font @var{name}
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238 @itemx -fn @var{name}
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239 Use @var{name} as the default font.
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240
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241 @item -geometry @var{spec}
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242 @itemx -geom @var{spec}
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243 @itemx -g @var{spec}
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244 Use the geometry (window size and/or position) specified by @var{spec}.
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245
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246 @item -iconic
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247 Start up iconified.
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248
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249 @item -rv
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250 Bring up Emacs in reverse video.
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251
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252 @item -name @var{name}
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253 Use the resource manager resources specified by @var{name}.
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254 The default is to use the name of the program (@code{argv[0]}) as
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255 the resource manager name.
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256
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257 @item -xrm
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258 Read something into the resource database for this invocation of Emacs only.
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259
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260 @end table
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