Mercurial > hg > xemacs-beta
annotate man/xemacs/m-x.texi @ 793:e38acbeb1cae
[xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-29 04:46:17 by ben]
lots o' fixes
etc/ChangeLog: New file.
Separated out all entries for etc/ into their own ChangeLog.
Includes entries for the following files:
etc/BABYL, etc/BETA, etc/CHARSETS, etc/DISTRIB, etc/Emacs.ad,
etc/FTP, etc/GNUS-NEWS, etc/GOATS, etc/HELLO, etc/INSTALL,
etc/MACHINES, etc/MAILINGLISTS, etc/MSDOS, etc/MYTHOLOGY, etc/NEWS,
etc/OXYMORONS, etc/PACKAGES, etc/README, etc/TUTORIAL,
etc/TUTORIAL.de, etc/TUTORIAL.ja, etc/TUTORIAL.ko, etc/TUTORIAL.se,
etc/aliases.ksh, etc/altrasoft-logo.xpm, etc/check_cygwin_setup.sh,
etc/custom/example-themes/europe-theme.el,
etc/custom/example-themes/ex-custom-file,
etc/custom/example-themes/example-theme.el, etc/e/eterm.ti,
etc/edt-user.doc, etc/enriched.doc, etc/etags.1, etc/gnuserv.1,
etc/gnuserv.README, etc/package-index.LATEST.gpg,
etc/package-index.LATEST.pgp, etc/photos/jan.png, etc/recycle.xpm,
etc/refcard.tex, etc/sample.Xdefaults, etc/sample.emacs,
etc/sgml/CATALOG, etc/sgml/HTML32.dtd, etc/skk/SKK.tut.E,
etc/smilies/Face_ase.xbm, etc/smilies/Face_ase2.xbm,
etc/smilies/Face_ase3.xbm, etc/smilies/Face_smile.xbm,
etc/smilies/Face_weep.xbm, etc/sounds, etc/toolbar,
etc/toolbar/workshop-cap-up.xpm, etc/xemacs-ja.1, etc/xemacs.1,
etc/yow.lines, etc\BETA, etc\NEWS, etc\README, etc\TUTORIAL,
etc\TUTORIAL.de, etc\check_cygwin_setup.sh, etc\sample.init.el,
etc\unicode\README, etc\unicode\mule-ucs\*, etc\unicode\other\*
unicode/unicode-consortium/8859-16.TXT: New file.
mule/english.el: Define this charset now, since a bug was fixed that formerly
prevented it.
mule/ethio-util.el: Fix compile errors involving Unicode `characters', which should be
integers.
Makefile.in.in: Always include gui.c, to fix compile error when TTY-only.
EmacsFrame.c, abbrev.c, alloc.c, buffer.c, buffer.h, bytecode.c, bytecode.h, callint.c, callproc.c, casetab.c, casetab.h, charset.h, chartab.c, chartab.h, cmds.c, console-msw.c, console-msw.h, console-tty.c, console-x.c, console-x.h, console.c, console.h, data.c, database.c, device-gtk.c, device-msw.c, device-x.c, device.c, device.h, dialog-msw.c, doc.c, doprnt.c, dumper.c, dynarr.c, editfns.c, eldap.c, eldap.h, elhash.c, elhash.h, emacs.c, eval.c, event-Xt.c, event-gtk.c, event-msw.c, event-stream.c, event-tty.c, event-unixoid.c, events.c, events.h, extents.c, extents.h, faces.c, faces.h, file-coding.c, file-coding.h, fileio.c, filelock.c, fns.c, frame-gtk.c, frame-msw.c, frame-tty.c, frame-x.c, frame.c, frame.h, free-hook.c, general-slots.h, glyphs-eimage.c, glyphs-gtk.c, glyphs-msw.c, glyphs-widget.c, glyphs-x.c, glyphs.c, glyphs.h, gpmevent.c, gtk-xemacs.c, gui-msw.c, gui-x.c, gui-x.h, gui.c, gui.h, gutter.c, gutter.h, indent.c, input-method-xlib.c, insdel.c, keymap.c, keymap.h, lisp-disunion.h, lisp-union.h, lisp.h, lread.c, lrecord.h, lstream.c, lstream.h, marker.c, menubar-gtk.c, menubar-msw.c, menubar-x.c, menubar.c, minibuf.c, mule-canna.c, mule-ccl.c, mule-charset.c, mule-wnnfns.c, native-gtk-toolbar.c, objects-msw.c, objects-tty.c, objects-x.c, objects.c, objects.h, opaque.c, opaque.h, postgresql.c, postgresql.h, print.c, process-unix.c, process.c, process.h, rangetab.c, rangetab.h, redisplay-gtk.c, redisplay-msw.c, redisplay-output.c, redisplay-tty.c, redisplay-x.c, redisplay.c, scrollbar-gtk.c, scrollbar-msw.c, scrollbar-x.c, scrollbar.c, scrollbar.h, search.c, select-gtk.c, select-x.c, sound.c, specifier.c, specifier.h, strftime.c, symbols.c, symeval.h, syntax.h, text.c, text.h, toolbar-common.c, toolbar-msw.c, toolbar.c, toolbar.h, tooltalk.c, tooltalk.h, ui-gtk.c, ui-gtk.h, undo.c, vm-limit.c, window.c, window.h: Eliminate XSETFOO. Replace all usages with wrap_foo().
Make symbol->name a Lisp_Object, not Lisp_String *. Eliminate
nearly all uses of Lisp_String * in favor of Lisp_Object, and
correct macros so most of them favor Lisp_Object.
Create new error-behavior ERROR_ME_DEBUG_WARN -- output warnings,
but at level `debug' (usually ignored). Use it when instantiating
specifiers, so problems can be debugged. Move
log-warning-minimum-level into C so that we can optimize
ERROR_ME_DEBUG_WARN.
Fix warning levels consistent with new definitions.
Add default_ and parent fields to char table; not yet implemented.
New fun Dynarr_verify(); use for further error checking on Dynarrs.
Rearrange code at top of lisp.h in conjunction with dynarr changes.
Fix eifree(). Use Eistrings in various places
(format_event_object(), where_is_to_char(), and callers thereof)
to avoid fixed-size strings buffers. New fun write_eistring().
Reindent and fix GPM code to follow standards.
Set default MS Windows font to Lucida Console (same size as
Courier New but less interline spacing, so more lines fit).
Increase default frame size on Windows to 50 lines. (If that's too
big for the workspace, the frame will be shrunk as necessary.)
Fix problem with text files with no newlines (). (Change
`convert-eol' coding system to use `nil' for autodetect,
consistent with make-coding-system.)
Correct compile warnings in vm-limit.c.
Fix handling of reverse-direction charsets to avoid errors when
opening (e.g.) mule-ucs/lisp/reldata/uiso8859-6.el.
Recode some object printing methods to use write_fmt_string()
instead of a fixed buffer and sprintf.
Turn on display of png comments as warnings (level `info'), now
that they're unobtrusive.
Revamped the sound documentation.
Fixed bug in redisplay w.r.t. hscroll/truncation/continuation
glyphs causing jumping up and down of the lines, since they're
bigger than the line size. (It was seen most obviously when
there's a horizontal scroll bar, e.g. do C-h a glyph or something
like that.) The problem was that the glyph-contrib-p setting on
glyphs was ignored even if it was set properly, which it wasn't
until now.
| author | ben |
|---|---|
| date | Fri, 29 Mar 2002 04:49:13 +0000 |
| parents | 3ecd8885ac67 |
| children |
| rev | line source |
|---|---|
| 428 | 1 |
| 2 @node M-x, Help, Minibuffer, Top | |
| 3 @chapter Running Commands by Name | |
| 4 | |
| 5 The Emacs commands that are used often or that must be quick to type are | |
| 6 bound to keys---short sequences of characters---for convenient use. Other | |
| 7 Emacs commands that are used more rarely are not bound to keys; to run | |
| 8 them, you must refer to them by name. | |
| 9 | |
| 10 A command name consists, by convention, of one or more words, | |
| 11 separated by hyphens: for example, @code{auto-fill-mode} or | |
| 12 @code{manual-entry}. The use of English words makes the command name | |
| 13 easier to remember than a key made up of obscure characters, even though | |
| 14 it results in more characters to type. You can run any command by name, | |
| 15 even if it can be run by keys as well. | |
| 16 | |
| 17 @kindex M-x | |
| 18 @cindex minibuffer | |
| 19 To run a command by name, start with @kbd{M-x}, then type the | |
| 20 command name, and finish with @key{RET}. @kbd{M-x} uses the minibuffer | |
| 21 to read the command name. @key{RET} exits the minibuffer and runs the | |
| 22 command. | |
| 23 | |
| 24 Emacs uses the minibuffer for reading input for many different purposes; | |
| 25 on this occasion, the string @samp{M-x} is displayed at the beginning of | |
| 26 the minibuffer as a @dfn{prompt} to remind you that your input should be | |
| 27 the name of a command to be run. @xref{Minibuffer}, for full information | |
| 28 on the features of the minibuffer. | |
| 29 | |
| 30 You can use completion to enter a command name. For example, to | |
| 31 invoke the command @code{forward-char}, type: | |
| 32 | |
| 33 @example | |
| 34 M-x forward-char @key{RET} | |
| 35 @end example | |
| 36 or | |
| 37 @example | |
| 38 M-x fo @key{TAB} c @key{RET} | |
| 39 @end example | |
| 40 | |
| 41 @noindent | |
| 42 After you type in @code{M-x fo TAB} emacs will give you a possible list of | |
| 43 completions from which you can choose. Note that @code{forward-char} is the | |
| 44 same command that you invoke with the key @kbd{C-f}. You can call any | |
| 45 command (interactively callable function) defined in Emacs by its name | |
| 46 using @kbd{M-x} regardless of whether or not any keys are bound to it. | |
| 47 | |
| 48 If you type @kbd{C-g} while Emacs reads the command name, you cancel | |
| 49 the @kbd{M-x} command and get out of the minibuffer, ending up at top level. | |
| 50 | |
| 51 To pass a numeric argument to a command you are invoking with | |
| 52 @kbd{M-x}, specify the numeric argument before the @kbd{M-x}. @kbd{M-x} | |
| 53 passes the argument along to the function that it calls. The argument | |
| 54 value appears in the prompt while the command name is being read. | |
| 55 | |
| 56 @findex interactive | |
| 57 You can use the command @code{M-x interactive} to specify a way of | |
| 58 parsing arguments for interactive use of a function. For example, write: | |
| 59 | |
| 60 @example | |
| 61 (defun foo (arg) "Doc string" (interactive "p") ...use arg...) | |
| 62 @end example | |
| 63 | |
| 64 to make @code{arg} be the prefix argument when @code{foo} is called as a | |
| 65 command. The call to @code{interactive} is actually a declaration | |
| 66 rather than a function; it tells @code{call-interactively} how to read | |
| 67 arguments to pass to the function. When actually called, @code{interactive} | |
| 68 returns @code{nil}. | |
| 69 | |
| 70 The argument of @var{interactive} is usually a string containing a code | |
| 71 letter followed by a prompt. Some code letters do not use I/O to get | |
| 72 the argument and do not need prompts. To prompt for multiple arguments, | |
| 73 you must provide a code letter, its prompt, a newline, and another code | |
| 74 letter, and so forth. If the argument is not a string, it is evaluated | |
| 75 to get a list of arguments to pass to the function. If you do not provide an | |
| 76 argument to @code{interactive}, no arguments are passed when calling | |
| 77 interactively. | |
| 78 | |
| 79 Available code letters are: | |
| 80 | |
| 81 @table @code | |
| 82 @item a | |
| 83 Function name: symbol with a function definition | |
| 84 @item b | |
| 85 Name of existing buffer | |
| 86 @item B | |
| 87 Name of buffer, possibly nonexistent | |
| 88 @item c | |
| 89 Character | |
| 90 @item C | |
| 91 Command name: symbol with interactive function definition | |
| 92 @item d | |
| 93 Value of point as number (does not do I/O) | |
| 94 @item D | |
| 95 Directory name | |
| 96 @item e | |
| 97 Last mouse event | |
| 98 @item f | |
| 99 Existing file name | |
| 100 @item F | |
| 101 Possibly nonexistent file name | |
| 102 @item k | |
| 103 Key sequence (string) | |
| 104 @item m | |
| 105 Value of mark as number (does not do I/O) | |
| 106 @item n | |
| 107 Number read using minibuffer | |
| 108 @item N | |
| 109 Prefix arg converted to number, or if none, do like code @code{n} | |
| 110 @item p | |
| 111 Prefix arg converted to number (does not do I/O) | |
| 112 @item P | |
| 113 Prefix arg in raw form (does not do I/O) | |
| 114 @item r | |
| 115 Region: point and mark as two numeric arguments, smallest first (does | |
| 116 not do I/O) | |
| 117 @item s | |
| 118 Any string | |
| 119 @item S | |
| 120 Any symbol | |
| 121 @item v | |
| 122 Variable name: symbol that is @code{user-variable-p} | |
| 123 @item x | |
| 124 Lisp expression read but not evaluated | |
| 125 @item X | |
| 126 Lisp expression read and evaluated | |
| 127 @end table | |
| 128 | |
| 129 In addition, if the string begins with @samp{*}, an error is | |
| 130 signaled if the buffer is read-only. This happens before reading any | |
| 131 arguments. If the string begins with @samp{@@}, the window the mouse is | |
| 132 over is selected before anything else is done. You may use both | |
| 133 @samp{@@} and @samp{*}; they are processed in the order that they appear. | |
| 134 | |
| 135 Normally, when describing a command that is run by name, we omit the | |
| 136 @key{RET} that is needed to terminate the name. Thus we may refer to | |
| 137 @kbd{M-x auto-fill-mode} rather than @kbd{M-x auto-fill-mode} @key{RET}. | |
| 138 We mention the @key{RET} only when it is necessary to emphasize its | |
| 139 presence, for example, when describing a sequence of input that contains | |
| 140 a command name and arguments that follow it. | |
| 141 | |
| 142 @findex execute-extended-command | |
| 143 @kbd{M-x} is defined to run the command @code{execute-extended-command}, | |
| 144 which is responsible for reading the name of another command and invoking | |
| 145 it. |