|
428
|
1 @comment node-name, next, previous, up
|
|
|
2 @node Windows and Menus, Edit, Entering, Top
|
|
|
3 @chapter XEmacs Windows and Menus
|
|
|
4 @cindex selected window
|
|
|
5 @cindex windows
|
|
|
6 @findex delete-window
|
|
|
7 @findex delete-other-windows
|
|
|
8 @findex scroll-other-window
|
|
|
9
|
|
|
10 The first section of this chapter will show you how you can manipulate
|
|
|
11 XEmacs Windows and the other section will explain the Pull-down Menus of
|
|
|
12 an XEmacs window.
|
|
|
13
|
|
|
14 @comment node-name, next, previous, up
|
|
|
15 @menu
|
|
|
16 * XEmacs Window:: Manipulating XEmacs Windows
|
|
|
17 * Pull-down Menus:: Description of XEmacs Pull-down Menus
|
|
|
18 @end menu
|
|
|
19
|
|
|
20 @node XEmacs Window, Pull-down Menus, Windows and Menus, Windows and Menus
|
|
|
21 @section XEmacs Windows
|
|
|
22 When you use XEmacs under X, you can open multiple windows and each
|
|
|
23 window can display one buffer or multiple parts of one buffer. Each window
|
|
|
24 will have its own @dfn{mode line} and @dfn{echo area}. At any one time
|
|
|
25 there is only one @dfn{selected window} and the buffer it displays is
|
|
|
26 the @dfn{selected buffer}. There are some commands for manipulating
|
|
|
27 windows:
|
|
|
28
|
|
|
29 @kindex C-x 0
|
|
|
30 @kindex C-x 1
|
|
|
31 @kindex C-x 2
|
|
|
32 @kindex C-x 3
|
|
|
33 @kindex C-x 4
|
|
|
34 @kindex M-C-v
|
|
|
35 @table @kbd
|
|
|
36 @item M-C-v
|
|
|
37 @findex scroll-other-window
|
|
|
38 This command will scroll the window which is not @dfn{selected}
|
|
|
39 (@code{scroll-other-window}).
|
|
|
40
|
|
|
41 @findex delete-window
|
|
|
42 @item C-x 0
|
|
|
43 This command will get rid of the selected window (@code{delete-window}).
|
|
|
44 That is a zero. If there is more than one Emacs frame, deleting the
|
|
|
45 sole remaining window on that frame deletes the frame as well. If the
|
|
|
46 current frame is the only frame, it is not deleted.
|
|
|
47
|
|
|
48 @findex delete-other-windows
|
|
|
49 @item C-x 1
|
|
|
50 This command will get rid of all the windows except the selected one.
|
|
|
51 (@code{delete-other-windows}). For example, if you use the @b{Describe
|
|
|
52 variable} option from the @b{Help} menu, the window will split
|
|
|
53 vertically and the bottom window will contain documentation for that
|
|
|
54 variable. After you are done looking at that variable's documentation
|
|
|
55 you might want to come back to your original single window. Just type
|
|
|
56 @kbd{C-x 1} after your cursor is in the top window (the window which you
|
|
|
57 want to keep) and hit @key{RET}.
|
|
|
58
|
|
|
59 @findex split-window-vertically
|
|
|
60 @item C-x 2
|
|
|
61 This command will split the selected window into two windows, one above
|
|
|
62 the other (@code{split-window-vertically}). Both the windows will start
|
|
|
63 out by displaying the same buffer. The window in which you have your
|
|
|
64 cursor will be your @dfn{selected window}.
|
|
|
65
|
|
|
66 @findex split-window-horizontally
|
|
|
67 @item C-x 3
|
|
|
68 This will split the selected window into two windows positioned side by
|
|
|
69 side (@code{split-window-horizontally}). A line of vertical bars will
|
|
|
70 separate the window.
|
|
|
71 @end table
|
|
|
72 @noindent
|
|
|
73
|
|
|
74 You can select a buffer in another window by using some other
|
|
|
75 commands. These commands all have a prefix key @kbd{C-x 4}
|
|
|
76 @table @kbd
|
|
|
77 @kindex C-x 4 b
|
|
|
78 @kindex C-x 4 f
|
|
|
79 @kindex C-x 4 d
|
|
|
80 @kindex C-x 4 m
|
|
|
81 @findex switch-to-buffer-other-window
|
|
|
82 @findex find-file-other-window
|
|
|
83 @findex dired-other-window
|
|
|
84 @findex mail-other-window
|
|
|
85 @item C-x 4 b @var{bufname} @key{RET}
|
|
|
86 This command will select a buffer @var{bufname} in another window. This
|
|
|
87 runs @code{switch-to-buffer-other-window}. It will prompt you for a
|
|
|
88 buffername.
|
|
|
89
|
|
|
90 @item C-x 4 f @var{filename} @key{RET}
|
|
|
91 Visit file @var{filename} and select its buffer in another window. This
|
|
|
92 runs @code{find-file-other-window}. @xref{Visiting,,,xemacs,XEmacs User's
|
|
|
93 Manual}. It will prompt you for a filename.
|
|
|
94
|
|
|
95 @item C-x 4 d @var{directory} @key{RET}
|
|
|
96 Select a Dired buffer for directory @var{directory} in another window.
|
|
|
97 This runs @code{dired-other-window}. @xref{Dired,,,xemacs,XEmacs User's
|
|
|
98 Manual}.
|
|
|
99
|
|
|
100 @item C-x 4 m
|
|
|
101 Start composing a mail message in another window. This runs
|
|
|
102 @code{mail-other-window}, and its same-window version is @kbd{C-x m}.
|
|
|
103 @xref{Sending Mail,,,xemacs,XEmacs User's Manual}, for information on how
|
|
|
104 to @b{S}end @b{M}ail using XEmacs. @xref{Reading Mail With
|
|
|
105 Rmail,,,xemacs,XEmacs User's Manual}, for information on reading mail using
|
|
|
106 @b{Rmail}.
|
|
|
107 @end table
|
|
|
108
|
|
|
109
|
|
|
110 If you click the right button on the mouse on a mode line, you will
|
|
|
111 get a menu with following options:
|
|
|
112 @cindex windows
|
|
|
113 @cindex pull-down-menus
|
|
|
114 @cindex menus
|
|
|
115 @table @b
|
|
|
116 @item Delete Window
|
|
|
117 Choosing this menu will remove the window above this modeline from the frame.
|
|
|
118 @item Delete Other Windows
|
|
|
119 Delete all windows on the frame except for the one above this modeline.
|
|
|
120 @item Split Window
|
|
|
121 Split the window above the mode line in half, creating another window.
|
|
|
122 @item Split Window Horizontally
|
|
|
123 Split the window above the mode line in half horizontally, so that there
|
|
|
124 will be two windows side-by-side.
|
|
|
125 @item Balance Windows
|
|
|
126 Readjust the sizes of all windows on the frame until all windows have
|
|
|
127 roughly the same number of lines.
|
|
|
128 @end table
|
|
|
129
|
|
|
130
|
|
|
131 @comment node-name, next, previous, up
|
|
|
132 @node Pull-down Menus, , XEmacs Window, Windows and Menus
|
|
|
133 @section XEmacs Pull-down Menus
|
|
|
134
|
|
|
135 When you run XEmacs under X, each Emacs frame has a menu-bar at the top
|
|
|
136 which provides commands for editing, help and other
|
|
|
137 options. All these options are also available via key commands, the
|
|
|
138 menus just provide convenient short-cuts. The key commands are displayed
|
|
|
139 right besides some of the options. The following is a brief
|
|
|
140 description of the four default menus on the menu bar:
|
|
|
141
|
|
|
142 @menu
|
|
|
143 * File menu:: Items on the File menu
|
|
|
144 * Edit menu:: Items on the Edit menu
|
|
|
145 * Options Menu:: Items on the Options Menu
|
|
|
146 * Buffers Menu:: Items on the Buffers Menu
|
|
|
147 * Help menu:: The Help Menu at the extreme right on
|
|
|
148 the frame
|
|
|
149 @end menu
|
|
|
150
|
|
|
151 @node File menu, Edit menu, Pull-down Menus, Pull-down Menus
|
|
|
152 @subsection The File Menu
|
|
|
153 @cindex File menu
|
|
|
154 @cindex Open in New Frame... menu item
|
|
|
155 @cindex Open ... menu item
|
|
|
156 @cindex Insert File... menu item
|
|
|
157 @cindex Save Buffer menu item
|
|
|
158 @cindex Save Buffer As ... menu item
|
|
|
159 @cindex Revert Buffer menu item
|
|
|
160 @cindex Kill Buffer menu item
|
|
|
161 @cindex Print Buffer menu item
|
|
|
162 @cindex New Frame menu item
|
|
|
163 @cindex Delete Frame menu item
|
|
|
164 @cindex Split Frame
|
|
|
165 @cindex Un-split (Keep This)
|
|
|
166 @cindex Un-split (Keep Others)
|
|
|
167 @cindex Exit Emacs menu item
|
|
|
168
|
|
|
169 The @b{File} menu bar contains the following items. To choose a
|
|
|
170 particular option, press the left mouse button and drag it to the item
|
|
|
171 you wish to select. Then release the button.
|
|
|
172
|
|
|
173 @table @b
|
|
|
174 @item Open...
|
|
|
175 This option will prompt you for a file name. You will get a message in
|
|
|
176 the echo area:
|
|
|
177
|
|
|
178 @example
|
|
|
179 Find File:
|
|
|
180 @end example
|
|
|
181 @noindent
|
|
|
182 After Find File, there might be a directory path also. After you type
|
|
|
183 the file name and press @key{RET} the file will be loaded into a new
|
|
|
184 buffer.
|
|
|
185
|
|
|
186 @item Open in New Frame...
|
|
|
187 It prompts you for a file name and loads that file in a new buffer in
|
|
|
188 a new frame. You can open many frames for the same Emacs session. You
|
|
|
189 can delete the frame by selecting @b{Delete Frame}.
|
|
|
190
|
|
|
191 @item Insert File...
|
|
|
192 Prompts you for a filename and inserts the contents of this filename in
|
|
|
193 your current buffer. Position your cursor at the place you wish to
|
|
|
194 insert the file and select this option. You will get the following
|
|
|
195 message in the echo area:
|
|
|
196
|
|
|
197 @example
|
|
|
198 Insert file:
|
|
|
199 @end example
|
|
|
200 @noindent
|
|
|
201 Insert the file name and press @key{RET}.
|
|
|
202
|
|
|
203 @item Save <Buffername>
|
|
|
204 It saves the changes you have made to the buffer. If you have made
|
|
|
205 changes which are not saved yet, the option will appear dark, otherwise
|
|
|
206 it will be light and unselectable. If you do not wish to save the
|
|
|
207 changes, select @b{Revert Buffer}.
|
|
|
208
|
|
|
209 @item Save As...
|
|
|
210 Prompts you for a filename and saves the current buffer in that file. It
|
|
|
211 loads the new file if the filename you specify is different from the one
|
|
|
212 you were working with.
|
|
|
213
|
|
|
214 @item Print Buffer <buffername>
|
|
|
215 Prints a hardcopy of the current or @dfn{selected} buffer.
|
|
|
216
|
|
|
217 @item New Frame
|
|
|
218 Opens a new frame with @b{*scratch*} as the default buffer. It doesn't
|
|
|
219 prompt you for a filename. To open a file you need to go to that frame
|
|
|
220 and select @b{Open...}
|
|
|
221
|
|
|
222 @item Split Frame
|
|
|
223 Splits the current window into two equal-sized windows with the same
|
|
|
224 buffer. To get back a single frame, select @b{Un-Split (Keep
|
|
|
225 This)}. @xref{XEmacs Window}, for more information about windows.
|
|
|
226
|
|
|
227 @item Un-Split (Keep This)
|
|
|
228 If the frame contains multiple windows, it will remove all windows
|
|
|
229 except the selected one.
|
|
|
230
|
|
|
231 @item Un-Split (Keep Others)
|
|
|
232 If the frame contains multiple windows, it will remove the selected
|
|
|
233 window and keep the other one.
|
|
|
234
|
|
|
235 @item Revert Buffer <buffername>
|
|
|
236 If you do not wish to save the changes you made to the file since you
|
|
|
237 opened it, select this option. It will restore the last saved version of
|
|
|
238 the file to the current buffer.
|
|
|
239
|
|
|
240 @item Kill Buffer <buffername>
|
|
|
241 It will kill the current buffer. If will prompt you if there are unsaved
|
|
|
242 changes.
|
|
|
243
|
|
|
244 @item Exit Emacs
|
|
|
245 It will kill the Emacs @dfn{process} as opposed to simply killing the
|
|
|
246 @dfn{buffer}. Before it kills the process, it will prompt you as to
|
|
|
247 which unsaved buffers you wish to save by going through the list of the
|
|
|
248 buffers.
|
|
|
249
|
|
|
250 @end table
|
|
|
251
|
|
|
252 @comment node-name, next, previous, up
|
|
|
253 @menu
|
|
|
254 * Edit menu:: Items on the Edit Menu
|
|
|
255 * Options Menu:: Items on the Options Menu
|
|
|
256 * Buffers Menu:: Items on the Buffers Menu
|
|
|
257 * Help menu:: The Help Menu at the extreme right on
|
|
|
258 the frame
|
|
|
259 @end menu
|
|
|
260
|
|
|
261 @node Edit menu, Options Menu, File menu, Pull-down Menus
|
|
|
262 @subsection The Edit Menu
|
|
|
263 @cindex Undo menu item
|
|
|
264 @cindex Cut menu item
|
|
|
265 @cindex Copy menu item
|
|
|
266 @cindex Paste menu item
|
|
|
267 @cindex Clear menu item
|
|
|
268 @cindex Start Macro Recording menu item
|
|
|
269 @cindex End Macro Recording menu item
|
|
|
270 @cindex Execute Last Macro menu item
|
|
|
271
|
|
|
272 Most of the commands in this menu work on a block of text or a selected
|
|
|
273 region. The text will be highlighted as you select it.
|
|
|
274 @table @b
|
|
|
275 @item Undo
|
|
|
276 Undoes the previous command. If you type something by mistake you can
|
|
|
277 use this command. For example, if you select @b{Insert File...} from the
|
|
|
278 @b{File} menu and insert a wrong file by mistake, you can select this
|
|
|
279 item and it will remove the inserted file. It undoes a batch of text
|
|
|
280 which is worth an emacs command.
|
|
|
281
|
|
|
282 @item Cut
|
|
|
283 Removes the selected text block from the current buffer, makes it the X
|
|
|
284 clipboard selection, and places it in the kill ring
|
|
|
285 (@pxref{Moving Text}). Before executing this command, you have to select
|
|
|
286 a region using Emacs region selection commands or with the
|
|
|
287 mouse. @xref{Selecting Text}.
|
|
|
288
|
|
|
289 @item Copy
|
|
|
290 Makes a selected text block the X clipboard selection, and places it in
|
|
|
291 the kill ring. You can select text using one of the Emacs region
|
|
|
292 selection commands or by selecting a text region with the
|
|
|
293 mouse. @xref{Selecting Text}, for more information.
|
|
|
294
|
|
|
295 @item Paste
|
|
|
296 Inserts the current value of the X clipboard selection in the current
|
|
|
297 buffer. Note that this is not necessarily the same as the Emacs
|
|
|
298 @code{yank} command, because the Emacs kill ring and the X clipboard
|
|
|
299 selection are not the same thing. You can paste in text you have placed
|
|
|
300 in the clipboard using @b{Copy} or @b{Cut}. You can also use @b{Paste}
|
|
|
301 to insert text that was pasted into the clipboard from other
|
|
|
302 applications. @xref{X Clipboard Selection,,,xemacs,XEmacs User's Manual},
|
|
|
303 for information on using Clipboard Selection.
|
|
|
304
|
|
|
305 @item Clear
|
|
|
306 Removes the selected text block from the current buffer but does not
|
|
|
307 place it in the kill ring or the X clipboard selection. You will not be
|
|
|
308 able to get this text back.
|
|
|
309
|
|
|
310 @item Start Macro Recording
|
|
|
311 After selecting this, Emacs will remember every keystroke you type until
|
|
|
312 @b{End Macro Recording} is selected.
|
|
|
313
|
|
|
314 @item End Macro Recording
|
|
|
315 Selecting this tells emacs to stop remembering your keystrokes.
|
|
|
316
|
|
|
317 @item Execute Last Macro
|
|
|
318 Selecting this item will cause emacs to re-interpret all of the
|
|
|
319 keystrokes which were saved between selections of the @b{Start Macro
|
|
|
320 Recording} and @b{End Macro Recording} menu items. You can now execute
|
|
|
321 the most recent keyboard macro. @xref{Keyboard Macros,,,xemacs,XEmacs
|
|
|
322 User's Manual}, for further information.
|
|
|
323 @end table
|
|
|
324
|
|
|
325 @comment node-name, next, previous, up
|
|
|
326 @node Options Menu, Buffers Menu, Edit menu, Pull-down Menus
|
|
|
327 @subsection The Options Menu
|
|
|
328 @cindex Options menu
|
|
|
329 @cindex Read Only menu item
|
|
|
330 @cindex Case Sensitive Search menu item
|
|
|
331 @cindex Overstrike menu item
|
|
|
332 @cindex Auto Delete Selection menu item
|
|
|
333 @cindex Teach Extended Commands menu item
|
|
|
334 @cindex Syntax Highlighting menu item
|
|
|
335 @cindex Paren Highlighting menu item
|
|
|
336 @cindex Font menu item
|
|
|
337 @cindex Size menu item
|
|
|
338 @cindex Weight menu item
|
|
|
339 @cindex Buffers Menu Length... menu item
|
|
|
340 @cindex Buffers Sub-Menus menu item
|
|
|
341 @cindex Save Options
|
|
|
342
|
|
|
343 There are sub-menus for some of the menus which you will need to
|
|
|
344 select. If sub-menus exist for an item, they will be displayed
|
|
|
345 automatically when you drag the mouse on that item. The items in this
|
|
|
346 menu provide some fancy editing operations.
|
|
|
347
|
|
|
348 @table @b
|
|
|
349 @item Read Only
|
|
|
350 Selecting this item will cause the buffer to visit the file in a
|
|
|
351 read-only mode. Changes to the file will not be allowed.
|
|
|
352
|
|
|
353 @item Case Sensitive Search
|
|
|
354 Selecting this item will cause searches to be case-sensitive. If
|
|
|
355 its not selected then searches will ignore case. This option is
|
|
|
356 local to the buffer. For example, if this item is selected and you are
|
|
|
357 searching for @samp{Smile}, then an occurrence of @samp{smile} will not
|
|
|
358 be recognized because of the smaller case of @samp{s}.
|
|
|
359
|
|
|
360 @item Overstrike
|
|
|
361 After selecting this item, when you type letters they will replace
|
|
|
362 existing text on a one-to-one basis, rather than pushing it to the
|
|
|
363 right. At the end of a line, such characters extend the line. Before
|
|
|
364 a tab, such characters insert until the tab is filled in.
|
|
|
365
|
|
|
366 @item Auto Delete Selection
|
|
|
367 Selecting this item will cause automatic deletion of the selected
|
|
|
368 region. After you select a region and hit the @key{RET} key, the
|
|
|
369 selected text will be deleted. The typed text will replace the selection
|
|
|
370 if the selection is active (i.e. if its highlighted). If the option is
|
|
|
371 not selected then the typed text is just inserted at the cursor.
|
|
|
372
|
|
|
373 @item Teach Extended Commands
|
|
|
374 After you select this item, any time you execute a command with
|
|
|
375 @kbd{M-x} which has a shorter keybinding, you will be shown the
|
|
|
376 alternate binding before the command executes. For example if you type
|
|
|
377 @kbd{M-x find-file-other-window} which performs the same function as the
|
|
|
378 @b{Open in Other Window...} in @b{File} menu you will see the following
|
|
|
379 message:
|
|
|
380
|
|
|
381 @example
|
|
|
382 M-x find-file-other-window (bound to keys: C-x 4 f, C-x 4 C-f)
|
|
|
383 @end example
|
|
|
384
|
|
|
385 @item Syntax Highlighting
|
|
462
|
386 You can customize your @code{init.el} file to include the font-lock mode
|
|
428
|
387 so that when you select this item, the comments will be displayed in one
|
|
|
388 face, strings in another, reserved words in another, and so
|
|
|
389 on. @xref{Customization,,,xemacs,XEmacs User's Manual}, for more
|
|
462
|
390 information on customizing @code{init.el} file. After selecting this
|
|
428
|
391 item, you will find your code a lot easier to read. When @b{Fonts} is
|
|
|
392 selected, different parts of the program will appear in different
|
|
|
393 Fonts. When @b{Colors} is selected, then the program will be displayed
|
|
|
394 in different colors. Selecting @b{None} causes the program to appear in
|
|
|
395 just one Font and Color. Selecting @b{Less} resets the Fonts and Colors
|
|
|
396 to a fast, minimal set of decorations. Selecting @b{More} resets the
|
|
|
397 Fonts and Colors to a larger set of decorations. For example, if
|
|
|
398 @b{Less} is selected (which is the default setting) then you might have
|
|
|
399 all comments in green color. It does not matter what the comments
|
|
|
400 contain. Whereas, if @b{More} is selected then a function name in the
|
|
|
401 comments themselves might appear in a different Color or Font. Even
|
|
|
402 though the comments themselves might appear in green color, a function
|
|
|
403 name @dfn{within} the comments might appear in red color.
|
|
|
404
|
|
|
405 @item Paren Highlighting
|
|
|
406 After selecting @b{Blink} from this item, if you place the cursor
|
|
|
407 on a parenthesis, the matching parenthesis will blink. If you select
|
|
|
408 @b{Highlight} and place the cursor on a parenthesis, the whole
|
|
|
409 expression of the parenthesis under the cursor will be highlighted.
|
|
|
410 Selecting @b{None} will turn off the options (regarding @b{Paren
|
|
|
411 Highlighting}) which you had selected earlier.@refill
|
|
|
412
|
|
|
413 @item Font
|
|
|
414 You can select any Font for your program by choosing from one of the
|
|
|
415 available Fonts. The whole buffer will be converted to the Font you select.
|
|
|
416
|
|
|
417 @item Size
|
|
|
418 You can select any size for the text in your buffer (ranging from @b{2} to @b{24}) by selecting the appropriate option.@refill
|
|
|
419
|
|
|
420 @item Weight
|
|
|
421 You can choose either @b{Bold} or @b{Medium} for the weight of the text
|
|
|
422 of your buffer.
|
|
|
423
|
|
|
424 @item Buffers Menu Length...
|
|
|
425 Prompts you for the number of buffers to display. Then it will display
|
|
|
426 that number of most recently selected buffers.
|
|
|
427
|
|
|
428 @item Buffers Sub-Menus
|
|
|
429 After selection of this item the Buffers menu will contain several
|
|
|
430 commands, as submenus of each buffer line. If this item is unselected,
|
|
|
431 then there are no submenus for each buffer line, the only command
|
|
|
432 available will be selecting that buffer.
|
|
|
433
|
|
|
434 @item Save Options
|
|
|
435 Selecting this item will save the current settings of your Options
|
|
462
|
436 menu to your @code{init.el} file so that the next time you start XEmacs,
|
|
428
|
437 you won't need to select the options again.
|
|
|
438 @end table
|
|
|
439
|
|
|
440
|
|
|
441 @comment node-name, next, previous, up
|
|
|
442 @node Buffers Menu, Help menu, Options Menu, Pull-down Menus
|
|
|
443 @subsection The Buffers Menu
|
|
|
444 @cindex Buffers menu
|
|
|
445 The @b{Buffers} menu provides a selection of up to ten buffers and the
|
|
|
446 item @b{List All Buffers}, which provides a Buffer List. If you select
|
|
|
447 @b{Buffers Sub-menus} from the @b{Options} menu, you will get some
|
|
|
448 sub-menus for each of the buffer listing.
|
|
|
449
|
|
|
450
|
|
|
451 @comment node-name, next, previous, up
|
|
|
452 @node Help menu, , Buffers Menu, Pull-down Menus
|
|
|
453 @subsection The Help Menu
|
|
|
454 @cindex Help menu
|
|
|
455
|
|
|
456 The Help Menu gives you access to Emacs Info and provides a menu
|
|
|
457 equivalent for some of the choices you have when using @kbd{C-h}.
|
|
|
458 @xref{Help}, for more information.
|
|
|
459
|
|
|
460 The @b{Describe variable} and @b{Describe function} will provide
|
|
|
461 documentation for the corresponding variable or function. The Help menu
|
|
|
462 also gives access to UNIX online manual pages via the @b{UNIX Manual...}
|
|
|
463 option.
|
|
|
464
|
|
|
465
|
|
|
466
|
|
|
467
|
|
|
468
|
|
|
469
|
|
|
470
|
|
|
471
|
|
|
472
|
