Mercurial > hg > xemacs-beta
annotate etc/refcard.tex @ 5918:cb65bfaf7110 default
Speed up XEmacs on X.
Avoid many calls to XQueryColor.
| author | Mike Sperber <sperber@deinprogramm.de> |
|---|---|
| date | Fri, 27 Mar 2015 16:05:15 +0100 |
| parents | 4d771ba66557 |
| children |
| rev | line source |
|---|---|
| 428 | 1 % Reference Card for XEmacs on Unix systems |
| 2 % Time-stamp: <95/02/18 Ben Wing> | |
| 3 %**start of header | |
| 4 \newcount\columnsperpage | |
| 5 | |
| 6 % This file can be printed with 1, 2, or 3 columns per page (see below). | |
| 7 % Specify how many you want here. Nothing else needs to be changed. | |
| 8 | |
| 9 \columnsperpage=1 | |
| 10 | |
| 11 % Copyright (c) 1987, 1993, 1995 Free Software Foundation, Inc. | |
| 12 | |
| 13 % This file is part of XEmacs. | |
| 14 | |
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15 % XEmacs is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it |
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16 % under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the |
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17 % Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or (at your |
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18 % option) any later version. |
| 428 | 19 |
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20 % XEmacs is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT |
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21 % ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or |
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22 % FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License |
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23 % for more details. |
| 428 | 24 |
| 25 % You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License | |
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26 % along with XEmacs. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>. |
| 428 | 27 |
| 28 % This file is intended to be processed by plain TeX (TeX82). | |
| 29 % | |
| 30 % The final reference card has six columns, three on each side. | |
| 31 % This file can be used to produce it in any of three ways: | |
| 32 % 1 column per page | |
| 33 % produces six separate pages, each of which needs to be reduced to 80%. | |
| 34 % This gives the best resolution. | |
| 35 % 2 columns per page | |
| 36 % produces three already-reduced pages. | |
| 37 % You will still need to cut and paste. | |
| 38 % 3 columns per page | |
| 39 % produces two pages which must be printed sideways to make a | |
| 40 % ready-to-use 8.5 x 11 inch reference card. | |
| 41 % For this you need a dvi device driver that can print sideways. | |
| 42 % Which mode to use is controlled by setting \columnsperpage above. | |
| 43 % | |
| 44 % Author: | |
| 45 % Stephen Gildea | |
| 46 % Internet: gildea@mit.edu | |
| 47 % | |
| 48 % Thanks to Paul Rubin, Bob Chassell, Len Tower, and Richard Mlynarik | |
| 49 % for their many good ideas. | |
| 50 | |
| 51 % If there were room, it would be nice to see a section on Dired. | |
| 52 | |
| 53 \def\versionnumber{2.0 XEmacs} | |
| 54 \def\year{1998} | |
| 55 \def\version{April \year\ v\versionnumber} | |
| 56 | |
| 57 \def\shortcopyrightnotice{\vskip 1ex plus 2 fill | |
| 58 \centerline{\small \copyright\ \year\ Free Software Foundation, Inc. | |
| 59 Permissions on back. v\versionnumber}} | |
| 60 | |
| 61 \def\copyrightnotice{ | |
| 62 \vskip 1ex plus 2 fill\begingroup\small | |
| 63 \centerline{Copyright \copyright\ \year\ Free Software Foundation, Inc.} | |
| 64 \centerline{designed by Stephen Gildea, \version} | |
| 65 \centerline{for GNU Emacs version 19 on Unix systems} | |
| 66 \centerline{Updated for XEmacs in February 1995 by Ben Wing} | |
| 67 | |
| 68 Permission is granted to make and distribute copies of | |
| 69 this card provided the copyright notice and this permission notice | |
| 70 are preserved on all copies. | |
| 71 | |
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72 For copies of the GNU Emacs manual, see: |
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73 |
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74 {\tt http://www.gnu.org/software/emacs/\#Manuals} |
| 428 | 75 |
| 76 \endgroup} | |
| 77 | |
| 78 % make \bye not \outer so that the \def\bye in the \else clause below | |
| 79 % can be scanned without complaint. | |
| 80 \def\bye{\par\vfill\supereject\end} | |
| 81 | |
| 82 \newdimen\intercolumnskip %horizontal space between columns | |
| 83 \newbox\columna %boxes to hold columns already built | |
| 84 \newbox\columnb | |
| 85 | |
| 86 \def\ncolumns{\the\columnsperpage} | |
| 87 | |
| 88 \message{[\ncolumns\space | |
| 89 column\if 1\ncolumns\else s\fi\space per page]} | |
| 90 | |
| 91 \def\scaledmag#1{ scaled \magstep #1} | |
| 92 | |
| 93 % This multi-way format was designed by Stephen Gildea October 1986. | |
| 94 % Note that the 1-column format is fontfamily-independent. | |
| 95 \if 1\ncolumns %one-column format uses normal size | |
| 96 \hsize 4in | |
| 97 \vsize 10in | |
| 98 \voffset -.7in | |
| 99 \font\titlefont=\fontname\tenbf \scaledmag3 | |
| 100 \font\headingfont=\fontname\tenbf \scaledmag2 | |
| 101 \font\smallfont=\fontname\sevenrm | |
| 102 \font\smallsy=\fontname\sevensy | |
| 103 | |
| 104 \footline{\hss\folio} | |
| 105 \def\makefootline{\baselineskip10pt\hsize6.5in\line{\the\footline}} | |
| 106 \else %2 or 3 columns uses prereduced size | |
| 107 \hsize 3.2in | |
| 108 \vsize 7.95in | |
| 109 \hoffset -.75in | |
| 110 \voffset -.745in | |
| 111 \font\titlefont=cmbx10 \scaledmag2 | |
| 112 \font\headingfont=cmbx10 \scaledmag1 | |
| 113 \font\smallfont=cmr6 | |
| 114 \font\smallsy=cmsy6 | |
| 115 \font\eightrm=cmr8 | |
| 116 \font\eightbf=cmbx8 | |
| 117 \font\eightit=cmti8 | |
| 118 \font\eighttt=cmtt8 | |
| 119 \font\eightmi=cmmi8 | |
| 120 \font\eightsy=cmsy8 | |
| 121 \textfont0=\eightrm | |
| 122 \textfont1=\eightmi | |
| 123 \textfont2=\eightsy | |
| 124 \def\rm{\eightrm} | |
| 125 \def\bf{\eightbf} | |
| 126 \def\it{\eightit} | |
| 127 \def\tt{\eighttt} | |
| 128 \normalbaselineskip=.8\normalbaselineskip | |
| 129 \normallineskip=.8\normallineskip | |
| 130 \normallineskiplimit=.8\normallineskiplimit | |
| 131 \normalbaselines\rm %make definitions take effect | |
| 132 | |
| 133 \if 2\ncolumns | |
| 134 \let\maxcolumn=b | |
| 135 \footline{\hss\rm\folio\hss} | |
| 136 \def\makefootline{\vskip 2in \hsize=6.86in\line{\the\footline}} | |
| 137 \else \if 3\ncolumns | |
| 138 \let\maxcolumn=c | |
| 139 \nopagenumbers | |
| 140 \else | |
| 141 \errhelp{You must set \columnsperpage equal to 1, 2, or 3.} | |
| 142 \errmessage{Illegal number of columns per page} | |
| 143 \fi\fi | |
| 144 | |
| 145 \intercolumnskip=.46in | |
| 146 \def\abc{a} | |
| 147 \output={% %see The TeXbook page 257 | |
| 148 % This next line is useful when designing the layout. | |
| 149 %\immediate\write16{Column \folio\abc\space starts with \firstmark} | |
| 150 \if \maxcolumn\abc \multicolumnformat \global\def\abc{a} | |
| 151 \else\if a\abc | |
| 152 \global\setbox\columna\columnbox \global\def\abc{b} | |
| 153 %% in case we never use \columnb (two-column mode) | |
| 154 \global\setbox\columnb\hbox to -\intercolumnskip{} | |
| 155 \else | |
| 156 \global\setbox\columnb\columnbox \global\def\abc{c}\fi\fi} | |
| 157 \def\multicolumnformat{\shipout\vbox{\makeheadline | |
| 158 \hbox{\box\columna\hskip\intercolumnskip | |
| 159 \box\columnb\hskip\intercolumnskip\columnbox} | |
| 160 \makefootline}\advancepageno} | |
| 161 \def\columnbox{\leftline{\pagebody}} | |
| 162 | |
| 163 \def\bye{\par\vfill\supereject | |
| 164 \if a\abc \else\null\vfill\eject\fi | |
| 165 \if a\abc \else\null\vfill\eject\fi | |
| 166 \end} | |
| 167 \fi | |
| 168 | |
| 169 % we won't be using math mode much, so redefine some of the characters | |
| 170 % we might want to talk about | |
| 171 \catcode`\^=12 | |
| 172 \catcode`\_=12 | |
| 173 | |
| 174 \chardef\\=`\\ | |
| 175 \chardef\{=`\{ | |
| 176 \chardef\}=`\} | |
| 177 | |
| 178 \hyphenation{mini-buf-fer} | |
| 179 | |
| 180 \parindent 0pt | |
| 181 \parskip 1ex plus .5ex minus .5ex | |
| 182 | |
| 183 \def\small{\smallfont\textfont2=\smallsy\baselineskip=.8\baselineskip} | |
| 184 | |
| 185 % newcolumn - force a new column. Use sparingly, probably only for | |
| 186 % the first column of a page, which should have a title anyway. | |
| 187 \outer\def\newcolumn{\vfill\eject} | |
| 188 | |
| 189 % title - page title. Argument is title text. | |
| 190 \outer\def\title#1{{\titlefont\centerline{#1}}\vskip 1ex plus .5ex} | |
| 191 | |
| 192 % section - new major section. Argument is section name. | |
| 193 \outer\def\section#1{\par\filbreak | |
| 194 \vskip 3ex plus 2ex minus 2ex {\headingfont #1}\mark{#1}% | |
| 195 \vskip 2ex plus 1ex minus 1.5ex} | |
| 196 | |
| 197 \newdimen\keyindent | |
| 198 | |
| 199 % beginindentedkeys...endindentedkeys - key definitions will be | |
| 200 % indented, but running text, typically used as headings to group | |
| 201 % definitions, will not. | |
| 202 \def\beginindentedkeys{\keyindent=1em} | |
| 203 \def\endindentedkeys{\keyindent=0em} | |
| 204 \endindentedkeys | |
| 205 | |
| 206 % paralign - begin paragraph containing an alignment. | |
| 207 % If an \halign is entered while in vertical mode, a parskip is never | |
| 208 % inserted. Using \paralign instead of \halign solves this problem. | |
| 209 \def\paralign{\vskip\parskip\halign} | |
| 210 | |
| 211 % \<...> - surrounds a variable name in a code example | |
| 212 \def\<#1>{{\it #1\/}} | |
| 213 | |
| 214 % kbd - argument is characters typed literally. Like the Texinfo command. | |
| 215 \def\kbd#1{{\tt#1}\null} %\null so not an abbrev even if period follows | |
| 216 | |
| 217 % beginexample...endexample - surrounds literal text, such a code example. | |
| 218 % typeset in a typewriter font with line breaks preserved | |
| 219 \def\beginexample{\par\leavevmode\begingroup | |
| 220 \obeylines\obeyspaces\parskip0pt\tt} | |
| 221 {\obeyspaces\global\let =\ } | |
| 222 \def\endexample{\endgroup} | |
| 223 | |
| 224 % key - definition of a key. | |
| 225 % \key{description of key}{key-name} | |
| 226 % prints the description left-justified, and the key-name in a \kbd | |
| 227 % form near the right margin. | |
| 228 \def\key#1#2{\leavevmode\hbox to \hsize{\vtop | |
| 229 {\hsize=.75\hsize\rightskip=1em | |
| 230 \hskip\keyindent\relax#1}\kbd{#2}\hfil}} | |
| 231 | |
| 232 \newbox\metaxbox | |
| 233 \setbox\metaxbox\hbox{\kbd{M-x }} | |
| 234 \newdimen\metaxwidth | |
| 235 \metaxwidth=\wd\metaxbox | |
| 236 | |
| 237 % metax - definition of a M-x command. | |
| 238 % \metax{description of command}{M-x command-name} | |
| 239 % Tries to justify the beginning of the command name at the same place | |
| 240 % as \key starts the key name. (The "M-x " sticks out to the left.) | |
| 241 \def\metax#1#2{\leavevmode\hbox to \hsize{\hbox to .75\hsize | |
| 242 {\hskip\keyindent\relax#1\hfil}% | |
| 243 \hskip -\metaxwidth minus 1fil | |
| 244 \kbd{#2}\hfil}} | |
| 245 | |
| 246 % threecol - like "key" but with two key names. | |
| 247 % for example, one for doing the action backward, and one for forward. | |
| 248 \def\threecol#1#2#3{\hskip\keyindent\relax#1\hfil&\kbd{#2}\hfil\quad | |
| 249 &\kbd{#3}\hfil\quad\cr} | |
| 250 | |
| 251 %**end of header | |
| 252 | |
| 253 | |
| 254 \title{XEmacs Reference Card} | |
| 255 | |
| 256 \centerline{(for version 21.0+)} | |
| 257 | |
| 258 \section{Starting Emacs} | |
| 259 | |
| 260 To enter XEmacs, just type its name: \kbd{xemacs} | |
| 261 | |
| 262 To read in a file to edit, see Files, below. | |
| 263 | |
| 264 \section{Leaving Emacs} | |
| 265 | |
| 266 \key{suspend Emacs (or iconify frame under X)}{C-z} | |
| 267 \key{exit Emacs permanently}{C-x C-c} | |
| 268 | |
| 269 \section{Files} | |
| 270 | |
| 271 \key{{\bf read} a file into Emacs}{C-x C-f} | |
| 272 \key{{\bf save} a file back to disk}{C-x C-s} | |
| 273 \key{save {\bf all} files}{C-x s} | |
| 274 \key{{\bf insert} contents of another file into this buffer}{C-x i} | |
| 275 \key{replace this file with the file you really want}{C-x C-v} | |
| 276 \key{write buffer to a specified file}{C-x C-w} | |
| 277 | |
| 278 \section{Getting Help} | |
| 279 | |
| 280 The Help system is simple. Type \kbd{C-h} and follow the directions. | |
| 281 If you are a first-time user, type \kbd{C-h t} for a {\bf tutorial}. | |
| 282 | |
| 283 \key{quit Help window}{q} | |
| 284 \key{scroll Help window}{space} | |
| 285 | |
| 286 \key{apropos: show commands matching a string}{C-h a} | |
| 287 \key{show the function a key runs}{C-h c} | |
| 288 \key{describe a function}{C-h f} | |
| 289 \key{get mode-specific information}{C-h m} | |
| 290 | |
| 291 \section{Error Recovery} | |
| 292 | |
| 293 \key{{\bf abort} partially typed or executing command}{C-g} | |
| 294 \metax{{\bf recover} a file lost by a system crash}{M-x recover-file} | |
| 295 \metax{{\bf recover} files from a previous Emacs session}{M-x recover-session} | |
| 296 \key{{\bf undo} an unwanted change}{C-x u {\rm or} C-_} | |
| 297 \metax{restore a buffer to its original contents}{M-x revert-buffer} | |
| 298 \key{redraw garbaged screen}{C-l} | |
| 299 | |
| 300 \section{Incremental Search} | |
| 301 | |
| 302 \key{search forward}{C-s} | |
| 303 \key{search backward}{C-r} | |
| 304 \key{regular expression search}{C-M-s} | |
| 305 \key{reverse regular expression search}{C-M-r} | |
| 306 | |
| 307 \key{select previous search string}{M-p} | |
| 308 \key{select next later search string}{M-n} | |
| 309 \key{exit incremental search}{RET} | |
| 310 \key{undo effect of last character}{DEL} | |
| 311 \key{abort current search}{C-g} | |
| 312 | |
| 313 Use \kbd{C-s} or \kbd{C-r} again to repeat the search in either direction. | |
| 314 If Emacs is still searching, \kbd{C-g} cancels only the part not done. | |
| 315 | |
| 316 \shortcopyrightnotice | |
| 317 | |
| 318 \section{Motion} | |
| 319 | |
| 320 \paralign to \hsize{#\tabskip=10pt plus 1 fil&#\tabskip=0pt&#\cr | |
| 321 \threecol{{\bf entity to move over}}{{\bf backward}}{{\bf forward}} | |
| 322 \threecol{character}{C-b}{C-f} | |
| 323 \threecol{word}{M-b}{M-f} | |
| 324 \threecol{line}{C-p}{C-n} | |
| 325 \threecol{go to line beginning (or end)}{C-a}{C-e} | |
| 326 \threecol{sentence}{M-a}{M-e} | |
| 327 \threecol{paragraph}{M-\{}{M-\}} | |
| 328 \threecol{page}{C-x [}{C-x ]} | |
| 329 \threecol{sexp}{C-M-b}{C-M-f} | |
| 330 \threecol{function}{C-M-a}{C-M-e} | |
| 331 \threecol{go to buffer beginning (or end)}{M-<}{M->} | |
| 332 } | |
| 333 | |
| 334 \key{scroll to next screen}{C-v} | |
| 335 \key{scroll to previous screen}{M-v} | |
| 336 \key{scroll left}{C-x <} | |
| 337 \key{scroll right}{C-x >} | |
| 338 \key{scroll current line to center of screen}{C-u C-l} | |
| 339 | |
| 340 \section{Killing and Deleting} | |
| 341 | |
| 342 \paralign to \hsize{#\tabskip=10pt plus 1 fil&#\tabskip=0pt&#\cr | |
| 343 \threecol{{\bf entity to kill}}{{\bf backward}}{{\bf forward}} | |
| 344 \threecol{character (delete, not kill)}{DEL}{C-d} | |
| 345 \threecol{word}{M-DEL}{M-d} | |
| 346 \threecol{line (to end of)}{M-0 C-k}{C-k} | |
| 347 \threecol{sentence}{C-x DEL}{M-k} | |
| 348 \threecol{sexp}{M-- C-M-k}{C-M-k} | |
| 349 } | |
| 350 | |
| 351 \key{kill {\bf region}}{C-w} | |
| 352 \key{copy region to kill ring}{M-w} | |
| 353 \key{kill through next occurrence of {\it char}}{M-z {\it char}} | |
| 354 | |
| 355 \key{yank back last thing killed}{C-y} | |
| 356 \key{replace last yank with previous kill}{M-y} | |
| 357 | |
| 358 \section{Marking} | |
| 359 | |
| 360 \key{set mark here}{C-@ {\rm or} C-SPC} | |
| 361 \key{exchange point and mark}{C-x C-x} | |
| 362 | |
| 363 \key{set mark {\it arg\/} {\bf words} away}{M-@} | |
| 364 \key{mark {\bf paragraph}}{M-h} | |
| 365 \key{mark {\bf page}}{C-x C-p} | |
| 366 \key{mark {\bf sexp}}{C-M-@} | |
| 367 \key{mark {\bf function}}{C-M-h} | |
| 368 \key{mark entire {\bf buffer}}{C-x h} | |
| 369 | |
| 370 \section{Query Replace} | |
| 371 | |
| 372 \key{interactively replace a text string}{M-\%} | |
| 373 \metax{using regular expressions}{M-x query-replace-regexp} | |
| 374 | |
| 375 Valid responses in query-replace mode are | |
| 376 | |
| 377 \key{{\bf replace} this one, go on to next}{SPC {\rm or} y} | |
| 378 \key{replace this one, don't move}{,} | |
| 379 \key{{\bf skip} to next without replacing}{DEL {\rm or} n} | |
| 380 \key{replace all remaining matches}{!} | |
| 381 \key{{\bf back up} to the previous match}{^} | |
| 382 \key{{\bf exit} query-replace}{ESC} | |
| 383 \key{enter recursive edit (\kbd{C-M-c} to exit)}{C-r} | |
| 384 \key{delete match and enter recursive edit}{C-w} | |
| 385 | |
| 386 \section{Multiple Windows} | |
| 387 | |
| 388 \key{delete all other windows}{C-x 1} | |
| 389 \key{delete this window}{C-x 0} | |
| 390 \key{split window in two vertically}{C-x 2} | |
| 391 \key{split window in two horizontally}{C-x 3} | |
| 392 | |
| 393 \key{scroll other window}{C-M-v} | |
| 394 \key{switch cursor to another window}{C-x o} | |
| 395 | |
| 396 \metax{shrink window shorter}{M-x shrink-window} | |
| 397 \key{grow window taller}{C-x ^} | |
| 398 \key{shrink window narrower}{C-x \{} | |
| 399 \key{grow window wider}{C-x \}} | |
| 400 | |
| 401 \key{select buffer in other window}{C-x 4 b} | |
| 402 \key{display buffer in other window}{C-x 4 C-o} | |
| 403 \key{find file in other window}{C-x 4 f} | |
| 404 \key{find file read-only in other window}{C-x 4 r} | |
| 405 \key{run Dired in other window}{C-x 4 d} | |
| 406 \key{find tag in other window}{C-x 4 .} | |
| 407 | |
| 408 \section{Formatting} | |
| 409 | |
| 410 \key{indent current {\bf line} (mode-dependent)}{TAB} | |
| 411 \key{indent {\bf region} (mode-dependent)}{C-M-\\} | |
| 412 \key{indent {\bf sexp} (mode-dependent)}{C-M-q} | |
| 413 \key{indent region rigidly {\it arg\/} columns}{C-x TAB} | |
| 414 | |
| 415 \key{insert newline after point}{C-o} | |
| 416 \key{move rest of line vertically down}{C-M-o} | |
| 417 \key{delete blank lines around point}{C-x C-o} | |
| 418 \key{join line with previous (with arg, next)}{M-^} | |
| 419 \key{delete all white space around point}{M-\\} | |
| 420 \key{put exactly one space at point}{M-SPC} | |
| 421 | |
| 422 \key{fill paragraph}{M-q} | |
| 423 \key{set fill column}{C-x f} | |
| 424 \key{set prefix each line starts with}{C-x .} | |
| 425 | |
| 426 \section{Case Change} | |
| 427 | |
| 428 \key{uppercase word}{M-u} | |
| 429 \key{lowercase word}{M-l} | |
| 430 \key{capitalize word}{M-c} | |
| 431 | |
| 432 \key{uppercase region}{C-x C-u} | |
| 433 \key{lowercase region}{C-x C-l} | |
| 434 \metax{capitalize region}{M-x capitalize-region} | |
| 435 | |
| 436 \section{The Minibuffer} | |
| 437 | |
| 438 The following keys are defined in the minibuffer. | |
| 439 | |
| 440 \key{complete as much as possible}{TAB} | |
| 441 \key{complete up to one word}{SPC} | |
| 442 \key{complete and execute}{RET} | |
| 443 \key{show possible completions}{?} | |
| 444 \key{fetch previous minibuffer input}{M-p} | |
| 445 \key{fetch next later minibuffer input}{M-n} | |
| 446 \key{regexp search backward through history}{M-r} | |
| 447 \key{regexp search forward through history}{M-s} | |
| 448 \key{abort command}{C-g} | |
| 449 | |
| 450 Type \kbd{C-x ESC ESC} to edit and repeat the last command that used the | |
| 451 minibuffer. The following keys are then defined. | |
| 452 | |
| 453 \key{previous minibuffer command}{M-p} | |
| 454 \key{next minibuffer command}{M-n} | |
| 455 | |
| 456 \newcolumn | |
| 457 \title{XEmacs Reference Card} | |
| 458 | |
| 459 \section{Buffers} | |
| 460 | |
| 461 \key{select another buffer}{C-x b} | |
| 462 \key{list all buffers}{C-x C-b} | |
| 463 \key{kill a buffer}{C-x k} | |
| 464 | |
| 465 \section{Transposing} | |
| 466 | |
| 467 \key{transpose {\bf characters}}{C-t} | |
| 468 \key{transpose {\bf words}}{M-t} | |
| 469 \key{transpose {\bf lines}}{C-x C-t} | |
| 470 \key{transpose {\bf sexps}}{C-M-t} | |
| 471 | |
| 472 \section{Spelling Check} | |
| 473 | |
| 474 \key{check spelling of current word}{M-\$} | |
| 475 \metax{check spelling of all words in region}{M-x ispell-region} | |
| 476 \metax{check spelling of entire buffer}{M-x ispell-buffer} | |
| 477 | |
| 478 \section{Tags} | |
| 479 | |
| 480 \key{find a tag (a definition)}{M-.} | |
| 481 \key{find next occurrence of tag}{C-u M-.} | |
| 482 \metax{specify a new tags file}{M-x visit-tags-table} | |
| 483 | |
| 484 \metax{regexp search on all files in tags table}{M-x tags-search} | |
| 485 \metax{run query-replace on all the files}{M-x tags-query-replace} | |
| 486 \key{continue last tags search or query-replace}{M-,} | |
| 487 | |
| 488 \section{Shells} | |
| 489 | |
| 490 \key{execute a shell command}{M-!} | |
| 491 \key{run a shell command on the region}{M-|} | |
| 492 \key{filter region through a shell command}{C-u M-|} | |
| 493 \metax{start a shell in window \kbd{*shell*}}{M-x shell} | |
| 494 | |
| 495 \section{Rectangles} | |
| 496 | |
| 497 \key{copy rectangle to register}{C-x r r} | |
| 498 \key{kill rectangle}{C-x r k} | |
| 499 \key{yank rectangle}{C-x r y} | |
| 500 \key{open rectangle, shifting text right}{C-x r o} | |
| 501 \metax{blank out rectangle}{M-x clear-rectangle} | |
| 502 \metax{prefix each line with a string}{M-x string-rectangle} | |
| 503 \key{select rectangle with mouse}{M-button1} | |
| 504 | |
| 505 \section{Abbrevs} | |
| 506 | |
| 507 \key{add global abbrev}{C-x a g} | |
| 508 \key{add mode-local abbrev}{C-x a l} | |
| 509 \key{add global expansion for this abbrev}{C-x a i g} | |
| 510 \key{add mode-local expansion for this abbrev}{C-x a i l} | |
| 511 \key{explicitly expand abbrev}{C-x a e} | |
| 512 | |
| 513 \key{expand previous word dynamically}{M-/} | |
| 514 | |
| 515 \section{Regular Expressions} | |
| 516 | |
| 517 \key{any single character except a newline}{. {\rm(dot)}} | |
| 518 \key{zero or more repeats}{*} | |
| 519 \key{one or more repeats}{+} | |
| 520 \key{zero or one repeat}{?} | |
| 521 \key{any character in the set}{[ {\rm$\ldots$} ]} | |
| 522 \key{any character not in the set}{[^ {\rm$\ldots$} ]} | |
| 523 \key{beginning of line}{^} | |
| 524 \key{end of line}{\$} | |
| 525 \key{quote a special character {\it c\/}}{\\{\it c}} | |
| 526 \key{alternative (``or'')}{\\|} | |
| 527 \key{grouping}{\\( {\rm$\ldots$} \\)} | |
| 528 \key{{\it n\/}th group}{\\{\it n}} | |
| 529 \key{beginning of buffer}{\\`} | |
| 530 \key{end of buffer}{\\'} | |
| 531 \key{word break}{\\b} | |
| 532 \key{not beginning or end of word}{\\B} | |
| 533 \key{beginning of word}{\\<} | |
| 534 \key{end of word}{\\>} | |
| 535 \key{any word-syntax character}{\\w} | |
| 536 \key{any non-word-syntax character}{\\W} | |
| 537 \key{character with syntax {\it c}}{\\s{\it c}} | |
| 538 \key{character with syntax not {\it c}}{\\S{\it c}} | |
| 539 | |
| 540 \section{Registers} | |
| 541 | |
| 542 \key{save region in register}{C-x r s} | |
| 543 \key{insert register contents into buffer}{C-x r i} | |
| 544 | |
| 545 \key{save value of point in register}{C-x r SPC} | |
| 546 \key{jump to point saved in register}{C-x r j} | |
| 547 | |
| 548 \section{Info} | |
| 549 | |
| 550 \key{enter the Info documentation reader}{C-h i} | |
| 551 \beginindentedkeys | |
| 552 | |
| 553 Moving within a node: | |
| 554 | |
| 555 \key{scroll forward}{SPC} | |
| 556 \key{scroll reverse}{DEL} | |
| 557 \key{beginning of node}{. {\rm (dot)}} | |
| 558 | |
| 559 Moving between nodes: | |
| 560 | |
| 561 \key{{\bf next} node}{n} | |
| 562 \key{{\bf previous} node}{p} | |
| 563 \key{move {\bf up}}{u} | |
| 564 \key{select menu item by name}{m} | |
| 565 \key{select {\it n\/}th menu item by number (1--5)}{{\it n}} | |
| 566 \key{follow cross reference (return with \kbd{l})}{f} | |
| 567 \key{return to last node you saw}{l} | |
| 568 \key{return to directory node}{d} | |
| 569 \key{go to any node by name}{g} | |
| 570 | |
| 571 Other: | |
| 572 | |
| 573 \key{run Info {\bf tutorial}}{h} | |
| 574 \key{list Info commands}{?} | |
| 575 \key{{\bf quit} Info}{q} | |
| 576 \key{search nodes for regexp}{s} | |
| 577 | |
| 578 \endindentedkeys | |
| 579 | |
| 580 \section{Keyboard Macros} | |
| 581 | |
| 582 \key{{\bf start} defining a keyboard macro}{C-x (} | |
| 583 \key{{\bf end} keyboard macro definition}{C-x )} | |
| 584 \key{{\bf execute} last-defined keyboard macro}{C-x e} | |
| 585 \key{{\bf edit} keyboard macro}{C-x C-k} | |
| 586 \key{append to last keyboard macro}{C-u C-x (} | |
| 587 \metax{name last keyboard macro}{M-x name-last-kbd-macro} | |
| 588 \metax{insert Lisp definition in buffer}{M-x insert-kbd-macro} | |
| 589 | |
| 590 \section{Commands Dealing with Emacs Lisp} | |
| 591 | |
| 592 \key{eval {\bf sexp} before point}{C-x C-e} | |
| 593 \key{eval current {\bf defun}}{C-M-x} | |
| 594 \metax{eval {\bf region}}{M-x eval-region} | |
| 595 \metax{eval entire {\bf buffer}}{M-x eval-current-buffer} | |
| 596 \key{read and eval minibuffer}{M-ESC} | |
| 597 \key{re-execute last minibuffer command}{C-x ESC ESC} | |
| 598 \metax{read and eval Emacs Lisp file}{M-x load-file} | |
| 599 \metax{load from standard system directory}{M-x load-library} | |
| 600 | |
| 601 \section{Simple Customization} | |
| 602 | |
| 603 % The intended audience here is the person who wants to make simple | |
| 604 % customizations and knows Lisp syntax. | |
| 605 | |
| 606 Here are some examples of binding global keys in Emacs Lisp. | |
| 607 | |
| 608 \beginexample% | |
| 609 (global-set-key [(control c) g] 'goto-line) | |
| 610 (global-set-key [(control x) (control k)] 'kill-region) | |
| 611 (global-set-key [(meta \#)] 'query-replace-regexp) | |
| 612 \endexample | |
| 613 | |
| 614 An example of setting a variable in Emacs Lisp: | |
| 615 | |
| 616 \beginexample% | |
| 617 (setq backup-by-copying-when-linked t) | |
| 618 \endexample | |
| 619 | |
| 620 \section{Writing Commands} | |
| 621 | |
| 622 \beginexample% | |
| 623 (defun \<command-name> (\<args>) | |
| 624 "\<documentation>" | |
| 625 (interactive "\<template>") | |
| 626 \<body>) | |
| 627 \endexample | |
| 628 | |
| 629 An example: | |
| 630 | |
| 631 \beginexample% | |
| 632 (defun this-line-to-top-of-window (line) | |
| 633 "Reposition line point is on to top of window. | |
| 634 With ARG, put point on line ARG. | |
| 635 Negative counts from bottom." | |
| 636 (interactive "P") | |
| 637 (recenter (if (null line) | |
| 638 0 | |
| 639 (prefix-numeric-value line)))) | |
| 640 \endexample | |
| 641 | |
| 642 The argument to \kbd{interactive} is a string specifying how to get | |
| 643 the arguments when the function is called interactively. | |
| 644 Type \kbd{C-h f interactive} for more information. | |
| 645 | |
| 646 \copyrightnotice | |
| 647 | |
| 648 \bye | |
| 649 | |
| 650 % Local variables: | |
| 651 % compile-command: "tex refcard" | |
| 652 % End: |