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1 @c -*-texinfo-*-
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2 @c This is part of the XEmacs Lisp Reference Manual.
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3 @c Copyright (C) 1995, 1996 Ben Wing.
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4 @c See the file lispref.texi for copying conditions.
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5 @setfilename ../../info/consoles-devices.info
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6 @node Consoles and Devices, Positions, Frames, top
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7 @chapter Consoles and Devices
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8 @cindex devices
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9 @cindex consoles
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10
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11 A @dfn{console} is an object representing a single input connection
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12 to XEmacs, such as an X display or a TTY connection. It is possible
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13 for XEmacs to have frames on multiple consoles at once (even on
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14 heterogeneous types -- you can simultaneously have a frame on an
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15 X display and a TTY connection). Normally, there is only one
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16 console in existence.
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17
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18 A @dfn{device} is an object representing a single output device, such
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19 as a particular screen on an X display. (Usually there is exactly one
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20 device per X console connection, but there may be more than one if you
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21 have a multi-headed X display. For TTY connections, there is always
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22 exactly one device per console.)
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23
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24 Each device has one or more @dfn{frames} in which text can be
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25 displayed. For X displays and the like, a frame corresponds to the
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26 normal window-system concept of a window. Frames can overlap, be
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27 displayed at various locations within the display, be resized, etc. For
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28 TTY, only one frame can be displayed at a time, and it occupies the
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29 entire TTY display area.
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30 @ignore @c Not yet implemented
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31 However, you can still define multiple frames
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32 and switch between them. Their contents are entirely separate from each
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33 other. These sorts of frames resemble the ``virtual console''
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34 capability provided under Linux or the multiple screens provided by the
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35 multiplexing program @samp{screen} under Unix.
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36 @end ignore
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37
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38 When you start up XEmacs, an initial console and device are created to
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39 receive input and display frames on. This will either be an X display
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40 or a TTY connection, depending on what mode you started XEmacs in (this
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41 is determined by the @samp{DISPLAY} environment variable, the
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42 @samp{-nw}, @samp{-t} and @samp{-display} command-line options, etc.).
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43
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44 You can connect to other X displays and TTY connections by creating
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45 new console objects, and to other X screens on an existing display by
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46 creating new device objects, as described below. Many functions (for
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47 example the frame-creation functions) take an optional device argument
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48 specifying which device the function pertains to. If the argument is
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49 omitted, it defaults to the selected device (see below).
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50
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51 @defun consolep object
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52 This returns non-@code{nil} if @var{object} is a console.
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53 @end defun
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54
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55 @defun devicep object
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56 This returns non-@code{nil} if @var{object} is a device.
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57 @end defun
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58
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59 @menu
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60 * Basic Console Functions:: Functions for working with consoles.
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61 * Basic Device Functions:: Functions for working with devices.
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62 * Console Types and Device Classes::
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63 I/O and color characteristics.
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64 * Connecting to a Console or Device::
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65 * The Selected Console and Device::
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66 * Console and Device I/O:: Controlling input and output.
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67 @end menu
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68
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69 @node Basic Console Functions
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70 @section Basic Console Functions
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71
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72 @defun console-list
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73 This function returns a list of all existing consoles.
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74 @end defun
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75
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76 @defun console-device-list &optional console
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77 This function returns a list of all devices on @var{console}. If
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78 @var{console} is @code{nil}, the selected console will be used.
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79 @end defun
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80
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81 @node Basic Device Functions
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82 @section Basic Device Functions
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83
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84 @defun device-list
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85 This function returns a list of all existing devices.
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86 @end defun
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87
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88 @defun device-or-frame-p object
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89 This function returns non-@code{nil} if @var{object} is a device or
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90 frame. This function is useful because devices and frames are similar
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91 in many respects and many functions can operate on either one.
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92 @end defun
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93
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94 @defun device-frame-list device
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95 This function returns a list of all frames on @var{device}.
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96 @end defun
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97
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98 @defun frame-device frame
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99 This function returns the device that @var{frame} is on.
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100 @end defun
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101
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102 @node Console Types and Device Classes
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103 @section Console Types and Device Classes
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104
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105 Every device is of a particular @dfn{type}, which describes how the
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106 connection to that device is made and how the device operates, and
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107 a particular @dfn{class}, which describes other characteristics of
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108 the device (currently, the color capabilities of the device).
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109
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110 The currently-defined device types are
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111
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112 @table @code
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113 @item x
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114 A connection to an X display (such as @samp{willow:0}).
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115
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116 @item tty
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117 A connection to a tty (such as @samp{/dev/ttyp3}).
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118
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119 @item stream
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120 A stdio connection. This describes a device for which input and output
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121 is only possible in a stream-like fashion, such as when XEmacs in running
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122 in batch mode. The very first device created by XEmacs is a terminal
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123 device and is used to print out messages of various sorts (for example,
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124 the help message when you use the @samp{-help} command-line option).
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125 @end table
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126
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127 The currently-defined device classes are
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128 @table @code
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129 @item color
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130 A color device.
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131
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132 @item grayscale
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133 A grayscale device (a device that can display multiple shades of gray,
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134 but no color).
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135
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136 @item mono
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137 A device that can only display two colors (e.g. black and white).
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138 @end table
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139
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140 @defun device-type device
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141 This function returns the type of @var{device}. This is a symbol whose
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142 name is one of the device types mentioned above.
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143 @end defun
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144
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145 @defun device-or-frame-type device-or-frame
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146 This function returns the type of @var{device-or-frame}.
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147 @end defun
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148
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149 @defun device-class device
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150 This function returns the class (color behavior) of @var{device}. This
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151 is a symbol whose name is one of the device classes mentioned above.
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152 @end defun
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153
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154 @defun valid-device-type-p device-type
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155 This function returns whether @var{device-type} (which should be a symbol)
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156 species a valid device type.
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157 @end defun
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158
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159 @defun valid-device-class-p device-class
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160 This function returns whether @var{device-class} (which should be a symbol)
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161 species a valid device class.
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162 @end defun
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163
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164 @defvar terminal-device
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165 This variable holds the initial terminal device object, which
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166 represents XEmacs's stdout.
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167 @end defvar
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168
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169 @node Connecting to a Console or Device
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170 @section Connecting to a Console or Device
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171
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172 @defun make-device &optional type device-data
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173 This function creates a new device.
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174 @end defun
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175
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176 The following two functions create devices of specific types and are
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177 written in terms of @code{make-device}.
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178
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179 @defun make-tty-device &optional tty terminal-type
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180 This function creates a new tty device on @var{tty}. This also creates
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181 the tty's first frame. @var{tty} should be a string giving the name of
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182 a tty device file (e.g. @samp{/dev/ttyp3} under SunOS et al.), as
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183 returned by the @samp{tty} command issued from the Unix shell. A value
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184 of @code{nil} means use the stdin and stdout as passed to XEmacs from
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185 the shell. If @var{terminal-type} is non-@code{nil}, it should be a
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186 string specifying the type of the terminal attached to the specified
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187 tty. If it is @code{nil}, the terminal type will be inferred from the
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188 @samp{TERM} environment variable.
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189 @end defun
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190
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191 @defun make-x-device &optional display argv-list
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192 This function creates a new device connected to @var{display}. Optional
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193 argument @var{argv-list} is a list of strings describing command line
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194 options.
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195 @end defun
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196
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197 @defun delete-device device
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198 This function deletes @var{device}, permanently eliminating it from use.
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199 This disconnects XEmacs's connection to the device.
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200 @end defun
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201
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202 @defvar create-device-hook
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203 This variable, if non-@code{nil}, should contain a list of functions,
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204 which are called when a device is created.
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205 @end defvar
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206
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207 @defvar delete-device-hook
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208 This variable, if non-@code{nil}, should contain a list of functions,
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209 which are called when a device is deleted.
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210 @end defvar
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211
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212 @defun console-live-p object
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213 This function returns non-@code{nil} if @var{object} is a console that
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214 has not been deleted.
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215 @end defun
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216
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217 @defun device-live-p object
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218 This function returns non-@code{nil} if @var{object} is a device that
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219 has not been deleted.
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220 @end defun
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221
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222 @defun device-x-display device
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223 This function returns the X display which @var{device} is connected to,
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224 if @var{device} is an X device.
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225 @end defun
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226
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227 @node The Selected Console and Device
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228 @section The Selected Console and Device
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229
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230 @defun select-console console
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231 This function selects the console @var{console}. Subsequent editing
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232 commands apply to its selected device, selected frame, and selected
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233 window. The selection of @var{console} lasts until the next time the
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234 user does something to select a different console, or until the next
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235 time this function is called.
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236 @end defun
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237
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238 @defun selected-console
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239 This function returns the console which is currently active.
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240 @end defun
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241
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242 @defun select-device device
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243 This function selects the device @var{device}.
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244 @end defun
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245
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246 @defun selected-device &optional console
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247 This function returns the device which is currently active. If optional
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248 @var{console} is non-@code{nil}, this function returns the device that
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249 would be currently active if @var{console} were the selected console.
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250 @end defun
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251
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252 @node Console and Device I/O
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253 @section Console and Device I/O
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254
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255 @defun console-disable-input console
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256 This function disables input on console @var{console}.
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257 @end defun
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258
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259 @defun console-enable-input console
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260 This function enables input on console @var{console}.
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261 @end defun
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262
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263 Each device has a @dfn{baud rate} value associated with it.
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264 On most systems, changing this value will affect the amount of padding
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265 and other strategic decisions made during redisplay.
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266
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267 @defun device-baud-rate &optional device
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268 This function returns the output baud rate of @var{device}.
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269 @end defun
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270
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271 @defun set-device-baud-rate device rate
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272 This function sets the output baud rate of @var{device} to @var{rate}.
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273 @end defun
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