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1 \input texinfo.tex
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2
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3 @c %**start of header
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4 @setfilename custom
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5 @settitle The Customization Library
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6 @iftex
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7 @afourpaper
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8 @headings double
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9 @end iftex
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10 @c %**end of header
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11
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12 @node Top, Introduction, (dir), (dir)
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13 @comment node-name, next, previous, up
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14 @top The Customization Library
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15
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22
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16 Version: 1.40
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16
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17
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18 @menu
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19 * Introduction::
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20 * User Commands::
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21 * The Customization Buffer::
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22 * Declarations::
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23 * Utilities::
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24 * The Init File::
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25 * Wishlist::
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26 @end menu
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27
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28 @node Introduction, User Commands, Top, Top
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29 @comment node-name, next, previous, up
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30 @section Introduction
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31
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32 This library allows customization of @dfn{user options}. Currently two
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33 types of user options are supported, namely @dfn{variables} and
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34 @dfn{faces}. Each user option can have four different values
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35 simultaneously:
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36 @table @dfn
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37 @item factory setting
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38 The value specified by the programmer.
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39 @item saved value
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40 The value saved by the user as the default for this variable. This
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41 overwrites the factory setting when starting a new emacs.
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42 @item current value
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43 The value used by Emacs. This will not be remembered next time you
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44 run Emacs.
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45 @item widget value
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46 The value entered by the user in a customization buffer, but not yet
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47 applied.
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48 @end table
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49
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50 Variables also have a @dfn{type}, which specifies what kind of values
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51 the variable can hold, and how the value is presented in a customization
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52 buffer. By default a variable can hold any valid expression, but the
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53 programmer can specify a more limited type when declaring the variable.
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54
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55 The user options are organized in a number of @dfn{groups}. Each group
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56 can contain a number user options, as well as other groups. The groups
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57 allows the user to concentrate on a specific part of emacs.
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58
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59 @node User Commands, The Customization Buffer, Introduction, Top
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60 @comment node-name, next, previous, up
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61 @section User Commands
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62
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63 The following commands will create a customization buffer:
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64
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65 @table @code
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66 @item customize
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67 Create a customization buffer containing a specific group, by default
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68 the @code{emacs} group.
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69
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70 @item customize-variable
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71 Create a customization buffer containing a single variable.
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72
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73 @item customize-face
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74 Create a customization buffer containing a single face.
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75
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76 @item customize-apropos
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77 Create a customization buffer containing all variables, faces, and
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78 groups that match a user specified regular expression.
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79 @end table
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80
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81 @node The Customization Buffer, Declarations, User Commands, Top
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82 @comment node-name, next, previous, up
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83 @section The Customization Buffer.
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84
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85 The customization buffer allows the user to make temporary or permanent
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86 changes to how specific aspects of emacs works, by setting and editing
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87 user options.
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88
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89 The customization buffer contains three types of text:
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90
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91 @table @dfn
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92 @item informative text
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93 where the normal editing commands are disabled.
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94
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95 @item editable fields
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96 where you can edit with the usual emacs commands. Editable fields are
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97 usually displayed with a grey background if your terminal supports
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98 colors, or an italic font otherwise.
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99
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100 @item buttons
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101 which can be activated by either pressing the @kbd{@key{ret}} while
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102 point is located on the text, or pushing @kbd{mouse-2} while the mouse
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103 pointer is above the tex. Buttons are usually displayed in a bold
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104 font.
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105 @end table
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106
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107 You can move to the next the next editable field or button by pressing
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108 @kbd{@key{tab}} or the previous with @kbd{M-@key{tab}}. Some buttons
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109 have a small helpful message about their purpose, which will be
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110 displayed when you move to it with the @key{tab} key.
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111
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112 The buffer is divided into three part, an introductory text, a list of
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113 customization options, and a line of customization buttons. Each part
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114 will be described in the following.
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115
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116 @menu
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117 * The Introductory Text::
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118 * The Customization Options::
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119 * The Variable Options::
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120 * The Face Options::
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121 * The Group Options::
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122 * The State Button::
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123 * The Customization Buttons::
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124 @end menu
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125
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126 @node The Introductory Text, The Customization Options, The Customization Buffer, The Customization Buffer
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127 @comment node-name, next, previous, up
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128 @subsection The Introductory Text
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129
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130 The start of the buffer contains a short explanation of what it is, and
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131 how to get help. It will typically look like this:
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132
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133 @example
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134 This is a customization buffer.
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135 Push RET or click mouse-2 on the word _help_ for more information.
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136 @end example
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137
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138 Rather boring. It is mostly just informative text, but the word
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139 @samp{help} is a button that will bring up this document when
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140 activated.
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141
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142 @node The Customization Options, The Variable Options, The Introductory Text, The Customization Buffer
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143 @comment node-name, next, previous, up
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144 @subsection The Customization Options
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145
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146 Each customization option looks similar to the following text:
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147
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148 @example
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149 *** custom-background-mode: default
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150 State: this item is unchanged from its factory setting.
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151 [ ] [?] The brightness of the background.
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152 @end example
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153
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154 The option contains the parts described below.
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155
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156 @table @samp
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157 @item ***
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158 The Level Button. The customization options in the buffer are organized
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159 in a hierarchy, which is indicated by the number of stars in the level
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160 button. The top level options will be shown as @samp{*}. When they are
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161 expanded, the suboptions will be shown as @samp{**}. The example option
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162 is thus a subsuboption.
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163
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164 Activating the level buttons will toggle between hiding and exposing the
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165 content of that option. The content can either be the value of the
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166 option, as in this example, or a list of suboptions.
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167
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168 @item custom-background-mode
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169 This is the tag of the the option. The tag is a name of a variable, a
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170 face, or customization group. Activating the tag has an effect that
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171 depends on the exact type of the option. In this particular case,
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172 activating the tag will bring up a menu that will allow you to choose
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173 from the three possible values of the `custom-background-mode'
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174 variable.
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175
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176 @item default
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177 After the tag, the options value is shown. Depending on its type, you
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178 may be able to edit the value directly. If an option should contain a
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179 file name, it is displayed in an editable field, i.e. you can edit it
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180 using the standard emacs editing commands.
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181
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182 @item State: this item is unchanged from its factory setting.
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183 The state line. This line will explain the state of the option,
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184 e.g. whether it is currently hidden, or whether it has been modified or
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185 not. Activating the button will allow you to change the state, e.g. set
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186 or reset the changes you have made. This is explained in detail in the
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187 following sections.
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188
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189 @item [ ]
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190 The magic button. This is an abbreviated version of the state line.
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191
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192 @item [?]
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193 The documentation button. If the documentation is more than one line,
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194 this button will be present. Activating the button will toggle whether
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195 the complete documentation is shown, or only the first line.
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196
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197 @item The brightness of the background.
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198 This is a documentation string explaining the purpose of this particular
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199 customization option.
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200
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201 @end table
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202
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203 @node The Variable Options, The Face Options, The Customization Options, The Customization Buffer
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204 @comment node-name, next, previous, up
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205 @subsection The Variable Options
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206
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207 The most common customization options are emacs lisp variables. The
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208 actual editing of these variables depend on what type values the
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209 variable is expected to contain. For example, a lisp variable whose
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210 value should be a string will typically be represented with an editable
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211 text field in the buffer, where you can change the string directly. If
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212 the value is a list, each item in the list will be presented in the
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213 buffer buffer on a separate line, with buttons to insert new items in
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214 the list, or delete existing items from the list. You may want to see
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215 @ref{User Interface,,, widget, The Widget Library}, where some examples
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216 of editing are discussed.
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217
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218 You can either choose to edit the value directly, or edit the lisp
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219 value for that variable. The lisp value is a lisp expression that
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220 will be evaluated when you start emacs. The result of the evaluation
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221 will be used as the initial value for that variable. Editing the
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222 lisp value is for experts only, but if the current value of the
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223 variable is of a wrong type (i.e. a symbol where a string is expected),
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224 the `edit lisp' mode will always be selected.
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225
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226 You can see what mode is currently selected by looking at the state
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227 button. If it uses parenthesises (like @samp{( )}) it is in edit lisp
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228 mode, with square brackets (like @samp{[ ]}) it is normal edit mode.
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229 You can switch mode by activating the state button, and select either
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230 @samp{Edit} or @samp{Edit lisp} from the menu.
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231
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232 You can change the state of the variable with the other menu items:
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233
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234 @table @samp
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235 @item Set
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236 When you have made your modifications in the buffer, you need to
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237 activate this item to make the modifications take effect. The
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238 modifications will be forgotten next time you run emacs.
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239
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240 @item Save
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241 Unless you activate this item instead! This will mark the modification
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242 as permanent, i.e. the changes will be remembered in the next emacs
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243 session.
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244
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245 @item Reset
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246 If you have made some modifications and not yet applied them, you can
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247 undo the modification by activating this item.
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248
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249 @item Reset to Saved
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250 Activating this item will reset the value of the variable to the last
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251 value you marked as permanent with `Save'.
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252
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253 @item Reset to Factory Settings
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254 Activating this item will undo all modifications you have made, and
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255 reset the value to the initial value specified by the program itself.
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256 @end table
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257
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258 By default, the value of large or complicated variables are hidden. You
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259 can show the value by clicking on the level button.
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260
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261 @node The Face Options, The Group Options, The Variable Options, The Customization Buffer
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262 @comment node-name, next, previous, up
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263 @subsection The Face Options
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264
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265 A face is an object that controls the appearance of some buffer text.
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266 The face has a number of possible attributes, such as boldness,
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267 foreground color, and more. For each attribute you can specify whether
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268 this attribute is controlled by the face, and if so, what the value is.
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269 For example, if the attribute bold is not controlled by a face, using
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270 that face on some buffer text will not affect its boldness. If the bold
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271 attribute is controlled by the face, it can be turned either on or of.
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272
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273 It is possible to specify that a face should have different attributes
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274 on different device types. For example, a face may make text red on a
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275 color device, and bold on a monochrome device.
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276
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277 The way this is presented in the customization buffer is to have a list
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278 of display specifications, and for each display specification a list of
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279 face attributes. For each face attribute, there is a checkbox
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280 specifying whether this attribute has effect and what the value is.
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281 Here is an example:
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282
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283 @example
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284 *** custom-invalid-face: (sample)
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285 [ ] Face used when the customize item is invalid.
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286 [INS] [DEL] Display: [ ] Type: [ ] X [ ] TTY
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287 [X] Class: [X] Color [ ] Grayscale [ ] Monochrome
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288 [ ] Background: [ ] Light [ ] Dark
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289 Attributes: [ ] Bold: off
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290 [ ] Italic: off
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291 [ ] Underline: off
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292 [X] Foreground: yellow (sample)
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293 [X] Background: red (sample)
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294 [ ] Stipple:
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295 [INS] [DEL] Display: all
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296 Attributes: [X] Bold: on
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297 [X] Italic: on
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298 [X] Underline: on
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299 [ ] Foreground: default (sample)
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300 [ ] Background: default (sample)
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301 [ ] Stipple:
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302 [INS]
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303 @end example
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304
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305 This has two display specifications. The first will match all color
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306 displays, independently on whether the device is X11 or a tty, and
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307 whether background color is dark or light. For devices matching this
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308 specification, @samp{custom-invalid-face} will force text to be
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309 displayed in yellow on red, but leave all other attributes alone.
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310
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311 The second display will simply match everything. Since the list is
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312 prioritised, this means that it will match all non-color displays. For
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313 these, the face will not affect the foreground or background color, but
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314 force the font to be both bold, italic, and underline.
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315
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316 You can add or delete display specifications by activating the
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317 @samp{[INS]} and @samp{[DEL]} buttons, and modify them by clicking on
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318 the check boxes. The first checkbox in each line in the display
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319 specification is special. It specify whether this particular property
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320 will even be relevant. By not checking the box in the first display, we
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321 match all device types, also device types other than X11 and tty, for
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322 example ms-windows, nextstep, and mac os.
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323
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324 After modifying the face, you can activate the state button to make the
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325 changes take effect. The menu items in the state button menu is similar
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326 to the state menu items for variables described in the previous section.
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327
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328 @node The Group Options, The State Button, The Face Options, The Customization Buffer
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329 @comment node-name, next, previous, up
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330 @subsection The Group Options
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331
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332 Since Emacs has approximately a zillion configuration options, they have
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333 been organized in groups. Each group can contain other groups, thus
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334 creating a customization hierarchy. The nesting of the customization
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335 within the visible part of this hierarchy is indicated by the number of
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336 stars in the level button.
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337
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338 Since there is really no customization needed for the group itself, the
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339 menu items in the groups state button will affect all modified group
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340 members recursively. Thus, if you activate the @samp{Set} menu item,
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341 all variables and faces that have been modified and belong to that group
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342 will be applied. For those members that themselves are groups, it will
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343 work as if you had activated the @samp{Set} menu item on them as well.
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344
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345 @node The State Button, The Customization Buttons, The Group Options, The Customization Buffer
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346 @comment node-name, next, previous, up
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347 @subsection The State Line and The Magic Button
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348
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349 The state line has two purposes. The first is to hold the state menu,
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350 as described in the previous sections. The second is to indicate the
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351 state of each customization item.
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352
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353 For the magic button, this is done by the character inside the brackets.
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354 The following states have been defined, the first that applies to the
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355 current item will be used:
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356
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357 @table @samp
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358 @item -
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359 The option is currently hidden. For group options that means the
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360 members are not shown, for variables and faces that the value is not
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361 shown. You cannot perform any of the state change operations on a
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362 hidden customization option.
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363
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364 @item *
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365 The value if this option has been modified in the buffer, but not yet
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366 applied.
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367
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368 @item +
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369 The item has has been set by the user.
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370
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371 @item :
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372 The current value of this option is different from the saved value.
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373
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374 @item !
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375 The saved value of this option is different from the factory setting.
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376
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377 @item @@
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378 The factory setting of this option is not known. This occurs when you
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379 try to customize variables or faces that have not been explicitly
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380 declared as customizable.
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381
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382 @item SPC
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383 The factory setting is still in effect.
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384
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385 @end table
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386
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387 For non-hidden group options, the state shown is the most severe state
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388 of its members, where more severe means that it appears earlier in the
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389 list above (except hidden members, which are ignored).
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390
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391 @node The Customization Buttons, , The State Button, The Customization Buffer
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392 @comment node-name, next, previous, up
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393 @subsection The Customization Buttons
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394
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395 The last part of the customization buffer looks like this:
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396
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397 @example
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398 [Set] [Save] [Reset]
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399 @end example
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400
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401 Activating the @samp{[Set]}, @samp{[Save]}, or @samp{[Reset]}
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402 button will affect all modified customization items that are visible in
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403 the buffer.
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404
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405 @node Declarations, Utilities, The Customization Buffer, Top
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406 @comment node-name, next, previous, up
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407 @section Declarations
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408
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409 @menu
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410 * Declaring Groups::
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411 * Declaring Variables::
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412 * Declaring Faces::
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413 @end menu
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414
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415 All the customization declarations can be changes by keyword arguments.
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416 Groups, variables, and faces all share these common keywords:
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417
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418 @table @code
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419 @item :group
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420 @var{value} should be a customization group.
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421 Add @var{symbol} to that group.
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422 @item :link
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423 @var{value} should be a widget type.
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424 Add @var{value} to the extrenal links for this customization option.
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425 Useful widget types include @code{custom-manual}, @code{info-link}, and
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426 @code{url-link}.
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427 @item :load
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428 Add @var{value} to the files that should be loaded nefore displaying
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429 this customization option. The value should be iether a string, which
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430 should be a string which will be loaded with @code{load-library} unless
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431 present in @code{load-history}, or a symbol which will be loaded with
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432 @code{require}.
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433 @item :tag
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434 @var{Value} should be a short string used for identifying the option in
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435 customization menus and buffers. By default the tag will be
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436 automatically created from the options name.
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437 @end table
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438
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439 @node Declaring Groups, Declaring Variables, Declarations, Declarations
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440 @comment node-name, next, previous, up
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441 @subsection Declaring Groups
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442
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443 Use @code{defgroup} to declare new customization groups.
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444
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445 @defun defgroup symbol members doc [keyword value]...
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446 Declare @var{symbol} as a customization group containing @var{members}.
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447 @var{symbol} does not need to be quoted.
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448
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449 @var{doc} is the group documentation.
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450
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451 @var{members} should be an alist of the form ((@var{name}
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452 @var{widget})...) where @var{name} is a symbol and @var{widget} is a
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453 widget for editing that symbol. Useful widgets are
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454 @code{custom-variable} for editing variables, @code{custom-face} for
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455 editing faces, and @code{custom-group} for editing groups.@refill
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456
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457 Internally, custom uses the symbol property @code{custom-group} to keep
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458 track of the group members, and @code{group-documentation} for the
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459 documentation string.
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460
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461 The following additional @var{keyword}'s are defined:
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462
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463 @table @code
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464 @item :prefix
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465 @var{value} should be a string. If the string is a prefix for the name
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466 of a member of the group, that prefix will be ignored when creating a
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467 tag for that member.
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468 @end table
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469 @end defun
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470
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471 @node Declaring Variables, Declaring Faces, Declaring Groups, Declarations
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472 @comment node-name, next, previous, up
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473 @subsection Declaring Variables
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474
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475 Use @code{defcustom} to declare user editable variables.
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476
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477 @defun defcustom symbol value doc [keyword value]...
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478 Declare @var{symbol} as a customizable variable that defaults to @var{value}.
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479 Neither @var{symbol} nor @var{value} needs to be quoted.
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480 If @var{symbol} is not already bound, initialize it to @var{value}.
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481
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482 @var{doc} is the variable documentation.
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483
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484 The following additional @var{keyword}'s are defined:
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485
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486 @table @code
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487 @item :type
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488 @var{value} should be a widget type.
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489 @item :options
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490 @var{value} should be a list of possible members of the specified type.
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491 For hooks, this is a list of function names.
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492 @end table
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493
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494 @xref{Sexp Types,,,widget,The Widget Library}, for information about
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495 widgets to use together with the @code{:type} keyword.
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496 @end defun
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497
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498 Internally, custom uses the symbol property @code{custom-type} to keep
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499 track of the variables type, @code{factory-value} for the program
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500 specified default value, @code{saved-value} for a value saved by the
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501 user, and @code{variable-documentation} for the documentation string.
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502
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503 Use @code{custom-add-option} to specify that a specific function is
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504 useful as an meber of a hook.
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505
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506 @defun custom-add-option symbol option
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507 To the variable @var{symbol} add @var{option}.
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508
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509 If @var{symbol} is a hook variable, @var{option} should be a hook
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510 member. For other types variables, the effect is undefined."
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511 @end defun
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512
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513 @node Declaring Faces, , Declaring Variables, Declarations
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514 @comment node-name, next, previous, up
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515 @subsection Declaring Faces
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516
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517 Faces are declared with @code{defface}.
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518
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519 @defun defface face spec doc [keyword value]...
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520
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521 Declare @var{face} as a customizable face that defaults to @var{spec}.
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522 @var{face} does not need to be quoted.
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523
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524 If @var{face} has been set with `custom-set-face', set the face attributes
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|
525 as specified by that function, otherwise set the face attributes
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526 according to @var{spec}.
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527
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|
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528 @var{doc} is the face documentation.
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529
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530 @var{spec} should be an alist of the form @samp{((@var{display} @var{atts})...)}.
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531
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532 @var{atts} is a list of face attributes and their values. The possible
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533 attributes are defined in the variable `custom-face-attributes'.
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534 Alternatively, @var{atts} can be a face in which case the attributes of
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535 that face is used.
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536
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537 The @var{atts} of the first entry in @var{spec} where the @var{display}
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538 matches the frame should take effect in that frame. @var{display} can
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539 either be the symbol `t', which will match all frames, or an alist of
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540 the form @samp{((@var{req} @var{item}...)...)}@refill
|
|
|
541
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|
|
542 For the @var{display} to match a FRAME, the @var{req} property of the
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543 frame must match one of the @var{item}. The following @var{req} are
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544 defined:@refill
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545
|
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|
546 @table @code
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|
|
547 @item type
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|
548 (the value of (window-system))@br
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549 Should be one of @code{x} or @code{tty}.
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|
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550
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|
|
551 @item class
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|
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552 (the frame's color support)@br
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553 Should be one of @code{color}, @code{grayscale}, or @code{mono}.
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|
|
554
|
|
|
555 @item background
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556 (what color is used for the background text)@br
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|
|
557 Should be one of @code{light} or @code{dark}.
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|
|
558 @end table
|
|
|
559
|
|
|
560 Internally, custom uses the symbol property @code{factory-face} for the
|
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|
561 program specified default face properties, @code{saved-face} for
|
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|
562 properties saved by the user, and @code{face-documentation} for the
|
|
|
563 documentation string.@refill
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|
564
|
|
|
565 @end defun
|
|
|
566
|
|
|
567 @node Utilities, The Init File, Declarations, Top
|
|
|
568 @comment node-name, next, previous, up
|
|
|
569 @section Utilities
|
|
|
570
|
|
|
571 These utilities can come in handy when adding customization support.
|
|
|
572
|
|
|
573 @deffn Widget custom-manual
|
|
|
574 Widget type for specifying the info manual entry for a customization
|
|
|
575 option. It takes one argument, an info address.
|
|
|
576 @end deffn
|
|
|
577
|
|
|
578 @defun custom-add-to-group group member widget
|
|
|
579 To existing @var{group} add a new @var{member} of type @var{widget},
|
|
|
580 If there already is an entry for that member, overwrite it.
|
|
|
581 @end defun
|
|
|
582
|
|
|
583 @defun custom-add-link symbol widget
|
|
|
584 To the custom option @var{symbol} add the link @var{widget}.
|
|
|
585 @end defun
|
|
|
586
|
|
|
587 @defun custom-add-load symbol load
|
|
|
588 To the custom option @var{symbol} add the dependency @var{load}.
|
|
|
589 @var{load} should be either a library file name, or a feature name.
|
|
|
590 @end defun
|
|
|
591
|
|
|
592 @defun custom-menu-create symbol &optional name
|
|
|
593 Create menu for customization group @var{symbol}.
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|
|
594 If optional @var{name} is given, use that as the name of the menu.
|
|
|
595 Otherwise make up a name from @var{symbol}.
|
|
|
596 The menu is in a format applicable to @code{easy-menu-define}.
|
|
|
597 @end defun
|
|
|
598
|
|
|
599 @node The Init File, Wishlist, Utilities, Top
|
|
|
600 @comment node-name, next, previous, up
|
|
|
601 @section The Init File
|
|
|
602
|
|
|
603 When you save the customizations, call to @code{custom-set-variables},
|
|
|
604 @code{custom-set-faces} are inserted into the file specified by
|
|
|
605 @code{custom-file}. By default @code{custom-file} is your @file{.emacs}
|
|
|
606 file. The two functions will initialize variables and faces as you have
|
|
|
607 specified.
|
|
|
608
|
|
|
609 @node Wishlist, , The Init File, Top
|
|
|
610 @comment node-name, next, previous, up
|
|
|
611 @section Wishlist
|
|
|
612
|
|
|
613 @itemize @bullet
|
|
|
614 @item
|
|
|
615 The menu items should be grayed out when the information is
|
|
|
616 missing. I.e. if a variable doesn't have a factory setting, the user
|
|
|
617 should not be allowed to select the @samp{Factory} menu item.
|
|
|
618
|
|
|
619 @item
|
|
|
620 We need @strong{much} better support for keyboard operations in the
|
|
|
621 customize buffer.
|
|
|
622
|
|
|
623 @item
|
|
|
624 Support real specifiers under XEmacs.
|
|
|
625
|
|
|
626 @item
|
|
|
627 Integrate with @file{w3} so you can customization buffers with much
|
|
|
628 better formatting. I'm thinking about adding a <custom>name</custom>
|
|
|
629 tag.
|
|
|
630
|
|
|
631 @item
|
|
|
632 Add an `examples' section, with explained examples of custom type
|
|
|
633 definitions.
|
|
|
634
|
|
|
635 @item
|
|
|
636 Support undo using lmi's @file{gnus-undo.el}.
|
|
|
637
|
|
|
638 @item
|
|
|
639 Make it possible to append to `choice', `radio', and `set' options.
|
|
|
640
|
|
20
|
641 @item
|
|
|
642 There should be a way to exit the buffer.
|
|
|
643
|
|
|
644 An @sc{open look} pushpin would do wonders.
|
|
|
645
|
|
|
646 @item
|
|
|
647 Ask whether set or modified variables should be saved in
|
|
|
648 @code{kill-buffer-hook}.
|
|
|
649
|
|
|
650 Ditto for @code{kill-emacs-query-functions}.
|
|
|
651
|
|
|
652 @item
|
|
|
653 Command to check if there are any customization options that
|
|
|
654 does not belong to an existing group.
|
|
|
655
|
|
22
|
656 @item
|
|
|
657 Optionally disable the point-cursor and instead highlight the selected
|
|
|
658 item in XEmacs. This is like the *Completions* buffer in XEmacs.
|
|
|
659 Suggested by Jens Lautenbacher
|
|
|
660 @samp{<jens@@lemming0.lem.uni-karlsruhe.de>}.@refill
|
|
|
661
|
|
16
|
662 @end itemize
|
|
|
663
|
|
|
664 @contents
|
|
|
665 @bye
|
