annotate etc/TUTORIAL.sk @ 5905:85fd1ab80057

Fix a bug in #'parse-integer with negative bignums and non-nil JUNK-ALLOWED src/ChangeLog addition: 2015-05-08 Aidan Kehoe <kehoea@parhasard.net> * data.c (parse_integer): Fix a bug here with the interaction of negative bignums and a non-zero JUNK-ALLOWED argument. tests/ChangeLog addition: 2015-05-08 Aidan Kehoe <kehoea@parhasard.net> * automated/lisp-tests.el: Check for a bug just fixed with the interaction of negative bignums and :junk-allowed non-nil.
author Aidan Kehoe <kehoea@parhasard.net>
date Fri, 08 May 2015 16:24:57 +0100
parents 943eaba38521
children
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1 Copyright (c) 1985 Free Software Foundation, Inc; podmienky pozri na konci.
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2 Do češtiny preložil Milan Zamazal <pdm@zamazal.org>.
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3 Do slovenčiny preložil Miroslav Vaško <vasko@debian.cz>
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4
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5 Máte pred sebou tútorial k Emacsu.
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6
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7 Príkazy Emacsu všeobecne využívajú klávesu CONTROL (občas označovanú ako CTRL
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8 alebo CTL) alebo klávesu META (občas označovanú EDIT alebo ALT). Aby sme
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9 tieto názvy nemuseli stále písať v plnom znení, budeme používať nasledujúce
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10 skratky:
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11
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12 C-<chr> znamená podržať klávesu CONTROL a stlačiť znak <chr>.
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13 Teda C-f znamená: podržte klávesu CONTROL a stlačte f.
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14 M-<chr> znamená podržať klávesu META, EDIT alebo ALT a stlačiť <chr>.
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15 Ak nemáte žiadnu z kláves META, EDIT ani ALT, tak namiesto toho
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16 stlačte a pustite klávesu ESC a potom <chr>. Klávesu ESC budeme
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17 označovať <ESC>.
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18
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19 Dôležitá poznámka: prácu s Emacsom ukončíte stlačením C-x C-c (dva znaky).
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20 Znaky ">>" na ľavom okraji označujú miesta, kde si máte vyskúšať príkaz.
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21 Napríklad:
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22 <<Blank lines inserted here by startup of help-with-tutorial>>
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23 >> Teraz stlačte C-v (view next screen) pre posun na ďalšiu obrazovku.
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24 (Smelo do toho, spravte to pridržaním klávesy control a stlačením v.)
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25 Od tejto chvíle by ste toto mali robiť ak dočítate zobrazenú
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26 obrazovku.
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27
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28 Všimnite si, že pri posuve obrazoviek vždy zostávajú zobrazené dva riadky
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29 z predchádzajúcej obrazovky; to poskytuje určitú náväznosť pri postupnom
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30 čítaní textu.
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31
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32 Prvá vec, ktorú potrebujete vedieť je, ako sa v textu pohybovať
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33 z jedného miesta na druhé. Už viete, ako sa posunúť o jednu obrazovku
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34 vpred, pomocou C-v. Na prechod o obrazovku späť použite M-v
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35 (podržte klávesu META a stlačte v alebo stlačte <ESC>v ak
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36 nemáte klávesy META, EDIT ani ALT).
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37
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38 >> Skúste stlačiť M-v a potom C-v, niekoľko krát to zopakujte.
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39
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40
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41 * ZHRNUTIE
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42 ----------
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43
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44 Na prezeranie obrazovkových stránok sú užitočné nasledujúce príkazy:
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45
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46 C-v posuv o obrazovku vpred
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47 M-v Posuv o obrazovku späť
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48 C-l Zmazanie obrazovky a znovuzobrazenie celého textu,
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49 pritom sa text pod kurzorom presunie k stredu obrazovky.
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50 (Ide o control-L a nie control-1.)
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51
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52 >> Nájdite kurzor a zapamätajte si, aký je okolo neho text.
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53 Potom stlačte C-l.
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54 Nájdite kurzor znovu a všimnite si, že je okolo neho ten istý text.
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55
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56
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57 * ZÁKLADNÉ OVLÁDANIE KURZORU
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58 ----------------------------
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59
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60 Pohyb medzi obrazovkami je užitočný, ale ako sa premiestnime na konkrétne
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61 miesto v texte na obrazovke?
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62
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63 Je to možné dosiahnuť niekoľkými spôsobmi. Najzákladnejším spôsobom je
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64 použitie príkazov C-p, C-b, C-f a C-n. Každý z týchto príkazov presunie
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65 kurzor na obrazovke o jeden riadok alebo stĺpec v danom smere.
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66 Tu je tabuľka znázorňujúca smer posunu kurzoru vyvolaný týmito štyrmi
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67 príkazmi:
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68
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69 Predchádzajúci riadok, C-p
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70 :
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71 :
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72 Dozadu, C-b .... Momentálna pozícia kurzoru .... Dopredu, C-f
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73 :
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74 :
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75 Nasledujúci riadok, C-n
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76
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77 >> Presuňte kurzor na prostredný riadok tohto diagramu pomocou
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78 C-n alebo C-p. Potom stlačte C-l, aby ste na obrazovke videli celý
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79 diagram vycentrovaný.
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80
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81 Pravdepodobne si tieto príkazy ľahko zapamätáte podľa začiatočných písmen
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82 anglických názvov: P ako previous (predchádzajúci), N ako next (nasledujúci),
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83 B ako backward (späť), F ako forward (vpred). Sú to základné príkazy pre
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84 pohyb kurzoru a budete ich používať stále, takže by bolo veľmi vhodné, keby
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85 ste sa ich teraz naučili.
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86
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87 >> Stlačte niekoľko krát C-n, aby ste kurzor presunuli na tento riadok.
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88
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89 >> Posuňte kurzor dovnútra riadku pomocou niekoľkých C-f a potom hore
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90 stlačením C-p. Pozorujte, čo C-p robí, keď je kurzor uprostred riadku.
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91
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92 Každý riadok textu končí znakom nového riadku, ktorý ho oddeľuje od
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93 nasledujúceho riadku. Znakom nového riadku by mal byť ukončený aj posledný
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94 riadok súboru (napriek tomu, že to Emacs nevyžaduje).
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95
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96 >> Vyskúšajte C-b na začiatku riadku. Kurzor by sa mal presunúť na koniec
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97 predchádzajúceho riadku, pretože ho tým presuniete cez znak nového riadku.
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98
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99 C-f funguje analogicky ako C-b, tj. na konci riadku dôjde k presunu na
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100 ďalší riadok.
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101
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102 >> Stlačte niekoľkokrát C-b, takže uvidíte, kde sa nachádza kurzor.
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103 Potom stláčajte C-f, aby ste sa vrátili na koniec riadku.
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104 Potom stlačte ešte raz C-f, aby ste sa presunuli na nasledujúci
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105 riadok.
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106
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107 Keď kurzorom prejdete cez horný alebo dolný okraj obrazovky, posunie sa
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108 text za príslušným okrajom na obrazovku. Táto vlastnosť sa nazýva
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109 "scrollovanie". Umožňuje premiestniť kurzor na ľubovoľné miesto v texte,
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110 bez toho, aby kurzor opustil obrazovku.
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111
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112 >> Skúste posunúť kurzor pod dolný okraj obrazovky pomocou C-n a pozorujte,
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113 čo sa stane.
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114
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115 Ak je posun po znakoch príliš pomalý, môžete sa pohybovať po
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116 slovách. M-f (Meta-f) robí posun o slovo vpred a M-b robí posun
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117 o slovo späť.
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118
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119 >> Stlačte niekoľko krát M-f a M-b.
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120
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121 Ak sa kurzor nachádza uprostred slova, M-f presunie kurzor na koniec
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122 tohto slova. Ak sa nachádza kurzor v medzere medzi slovami, M-f presunie
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123 kurzor na koniec nasledujúceho slova. M-b pracuje analogicky v opačnom
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124 smere.
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125
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126 >> Stlačte niekoľko krát M-f a M-b spolu s C-f a C-b, aby ste videli
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127 výsledky príkazov M-f a M-b vykonávaných z rôznych miest vnútri slov
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128 a medzi nimi.
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129
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130 Všimnite si analógie medzi C-f a C-b na jednej strane a M-f a M-b na
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131 strane druhej. Meta znaky sú veľmi často využívané pre operácie
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132 vzťahujúce sa na entity definované jazykom (slová, vety, odstavce),
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133 naopak Control znaky pracujú na základných prvkoch nezávislých na tom,
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134 čo práve editujete (znaky, riadky, a pod.).
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135
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136 Táto analógia platí tiež pre riadky a vety: C-a a C-e vykonáva presun
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137 na začiatok a koniec riadku, M-a a M-e vykonáva presun na začiatok a koniec
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138 vety.
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139
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140 >> Skúste niekoľko krát C-a a potom niekoľko krát C-e.
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141 Skúste niekoľko krát M-a a potom niekoľko krát M-e.
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142
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143 Všimnite si, že opakované C-a nerobí nič, ale opakované M-a vždy
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144 vykoná presun na ďalšiu vetu. Princípu analógie to síce príliš
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145 nezodpovedá, ale napriek tomu je toto chovanie možné považovať za prirodzené.
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146
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147 Pozícia kurzoru v texte sa tiež nazýva "bod" ("point"). Aby sme to
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148 parafrázovali, kurzor je vidieť na obrazovke v mieste, kde je bod umiestnený
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149 v texte.
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150
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151 Tu je prehľad jednoduchých operácií pre pohyb kurzoru vrátane príkazov pre
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152 pohyb medzi slovami a vetami:
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153
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154 C-f Presun o znak vpred
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155 C-b Presun o znak späť
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156
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157 M-f Presun o slovo vpred
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158 M-b Presun o slovo späť
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159
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160 C-n Presun na nasledujúci riadok
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161 C-p Presun na predchádzajúci riadok
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162
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163 C-a Presun na začiatok riadku
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164 C-e Presun na koniec riadku
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165
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166 M-a Presun späť na začiatok vety
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167 M-e Presun vpred na koniec vety
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168
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169 >> Vyskúšajte si teraz niekoľko krát všetky tieto príkazy kvôli cviku.
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170 Sú to najpoužívanejšie príkazy.
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171
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172 Ďalšie dva dôležité príkazy pre pohyb kurzoru sú M-< (Meta menšie-ako),
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173 ktorý vykoná presun na začiatok celého textu, a M-> (Meta väčší-ako),
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174 ktorý vykoná presun na koniec celého textu.
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175
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176 Na väčšine terminálov je "<" nad čiarkou, takže pre vyvolanie tohto znaku
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177 musíte použiť klávesu Shift. Na týchto termináloch je teda nutné použiť
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178 klávesu Shift aj v prípade príkazu M-<; bez klávesy Shift by ste stlačili
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179 M-čiarka.
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180
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181 >> Skúste teraz M-< pre presun na začiatok tútorialu.
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182 Použite potom opakovane C-v, aby ste sa opäť vrátili sem.
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183
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184 >> Skúste teraz M-> pre presun na koniec tútorialu.
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185 Použite potom opakovane M-v, aby ste sa opäť vrátili sem.
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186
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187 Kurzor môžete presúvať tiež pomocou kurzorových kláves (klávesy
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188 so šípkami), ak ich Váš terminál má. My Vám však doporučujeme naučiť sa
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
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189 C-b, C-f, C-n a C-p, a to z troch dôvodov. Za prvé, tieto klávesy fungujú
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190 na všetkých typoch terminálov. Za druhé, akonáhle raz získate cvik
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191 v používaní Emacsu, zistíte, že používánie týchto CTRL znakov je
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192 rýchlejšie ako používanie kurzorových kláves (pretože nemusíte presúvať
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193 ruku z písacej pozície). Za tretie, ak si zvyknete používať tieto CTRL-znak
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194 príkazy, ľahko sa naučíte používať iné pokročilé príkazy pre pohyb
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195 kurzoru.
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196
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197 Väčšina príkazov Emacsu akceptuje numerický argument; ten pre väčšinu
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198 príkazov slúži ako opakovač. Počet opakovaní príkazu zadáte
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199 prostredníctvom stlačenia C-u nasledovaného stlačením príslušných číslic pred
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
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200 vyvolaním príkazu. Ak máte META (alebo EDIT či ALT) klávesu, existuje
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201 alternatívna možnosť zadania numerického argumentu: pridržte klávesu META
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202 a stlačte príslušné číslice. Doporučujeme naučiť sa C-u metódu,
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203 pretože tá funguje na akomkoľvek terminále.
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204
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205 Napríklad C-u 8 C-f vykoná presun o osem znakov vpred.
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206
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207 Väčšina príkazov používa numerický argument ako opakovač. Isté
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208 výnimočné príkazy ho používajú iným spôsobom. Medzi tieto výnimky patrí
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209 C-v a M-v. Ak dostanú numerický argument, posunú obrazovku hore
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210 alebo dole o zodpovedajúci počet riadkov namiesto obrazoviek. Napríklad
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211 C-u 4 C-v posunie obrazovku o 4 riadky.
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212
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213 >> Skúste teraz stlačiť C-u 8 C-v.
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214
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215 To by malo posunúť obrazovku o 8 riadkov hore. Pokiaľ by ste ju chceli
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216 posunúť naspäť dole, môžete dať argument príkazu M-v.
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217
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218 Ak používate X Windows, mali by ste mať na ľavej strane emacsového okna
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219 vysokú obdĺžnikovú oblasť, nazvanú scrollbar. Môžete potom text
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220 posúvať klikaním myšou na scrollbar.
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221
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222 >> Skúste stlačiť prostredné tlačítko na vrchole zvýraznenej oblasti
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223 vo vnútri scrollbaru. To by malo text posunúť na pozíciu danú tým, ako
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224 vysoko alebo nízko ste klikli.
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225
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226 >> Skúste pri stlačenom prostrednom tlačidle posúvať myšou hore a dole.
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227 Uvidíte, ako sa text posúva hore a dole podľa toho, ako
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228 hýbete myšou.
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229
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230
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231 * KEĎ EMACS NEREAGUJE
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232 ---------------------
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233
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234 Ak Emacs prestane reagovať na Vaše príkazy, môžete prebiehajúcu
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235 činnosť bezpečne zastaviť pomocou C-g. Pomocou C-g môžete zastaviť
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236 príkaz, ktorého činnosť trvá príliš dlho.
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237
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238 C-g môžete použiť tiež pre odstránenie numerického argumentu príkazu,
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239 ktorý nechcete dokončiť.
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240
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241 >> Stlačte C-u 100 pre vytvorenie numerického argumentu 100 a potom
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242 stlačte C-g. Teraz stlačte C-f. Kurzor by sa mal posunúť iba
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243 o jeden znak, pretože ste argument zrušili prostredníctvom
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244 C-g.
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245
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246 Ak ste omylom stlačili <ESC>, môžete sa ho zbaviť pomocou C-g.
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247
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248
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249 * DEAKTIVOVANÉ PRÍKAZY
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250 ----------------------
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251
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252 Niektoré príkazy Emacsu sú "deaktivované" ("disabled"), aby ich
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253 začínajúci používatelia nemohli vyvolať náhodne.
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254
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255 Ak vyvoláte niektorý z deaktivovaných príkazov, Emacs zobrazí hlásenie
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256 oznamujúce, ktorý príkaz to bol, s otázkou, či chcete tento príkaz
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257 vykonať.
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258
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259 Ak naozaj chcete príkaz vyskúšať, stlačte medzerník ako odpoveď
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
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260 na túto otázku. Zvyčajne, ak nechcete deaktivovaný príkaz
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261 vykonať, odpovedzte na túto otázku pomocou "n".
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262
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263 >> Stlačte <ESC> : (čo je deaktivovaný príkaz),
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264 potom na otázku odpovedzte n.
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265
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266
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267 * OKNÁ
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268 ------
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269
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
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270 Emacs môže mať niekoľko okien (windows), pritom každé z nich zobrazuje svoj
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
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271 vlastný text. Ako viac okien používať, objasníme neskôr. Teraz chceme
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
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272 objasniť, ako sa zbaviť nadbytočných okien a vrátiť sa do základnej
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
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273 jednookennej editácie. Je to jednoduché:
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
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274
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
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275 C-x 1 Jedno okno (tj. zrušenie všetkých ostatných okien)
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
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276
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
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277 Teda vloženie Control-x nasledované číslicou 1. C-x 1 rozšíri okno
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
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278 obsahujúce kurzor cez celú obrazovku. Zruší to všetky ostatné okná.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
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279
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
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280 >> Stlačte Control-h k Control-f.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
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281 Pozorujte, ako sa aktuálne okno zmenší a objaví sa nové okno
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
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282 kvôli zobrazeniu dokumentácie pre príkaz Control-f.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
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283
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
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284 >> Stlačte C-x 1 a pozorujte, ako okno s dokumentáciou zmizne.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
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285
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
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286
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
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287 * VKLADANIE A MAZANIE
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
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288 ---------------------
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
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289
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
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290 Ak chcete vložiť text, proste ho napíšte. Znaky, ktoré vidíte,
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
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291 ako A, 7, *, atď., sú Emacsom chápané ako text a vkladané okamžite.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
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292 Pre vloženie znaku nového riadku stlačte <Return> (klávesu Enter).
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
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293
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
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294 Posledný znak, ktorý ste napísali, môžete zmazať stlačením <Delete>.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
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295 <Delete> je klávesa, ktorá môže byť na klávesnici označená "Del".
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
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296 V niektorých prípadoch ako <Delete> slúži klávesa "Backspace", avšak nie
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
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297 vždy!
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
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298
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
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299 Všeobecnejšie, <Delete> maže znak bezprostredne pred momentálnou pozíciou
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
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300 kurzoru.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
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301
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
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302 >> Vykonajte to teraz -- napíšte niekoľko znakov a potom ich zmažte
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
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303 niekoľkými stlačeniami <Delete>. Nebojte sa zmien v tomto súbore;
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
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304 originálny tútorial sa nezmení. Toto je Vaša osobná kópia.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
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305
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
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306 Keď sa riadok textu zväčší natoľko, že presiahne jeden riadok obrazovky,
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
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307 je zobrazený na viacerých riadkoch obrazovky. Riadok textu, ktorý pokračuje na
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
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308 ďalšom riadku obrazovky, je indikovaný spätným lomítkom ("\") na pravom
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
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309 okraji obrazovky.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
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310
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
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311 >> Vkladajte text, pokiaľ nedosiahnete pravého okraju, a pokračujte vo
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
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312 vkladaní. Objaví sa Vám pokračovací riadok.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
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313
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
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314 >> Použite <Delete> pre zmazanie textu, pokiaľ se riadok textu opäť nevojde na
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
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315 jeden riadok obrazovky. Pokračovací riadok zmizne.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
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316
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
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317 Znak nového riadku môžete zmazať ako ktorýkoľvek iný znak. Zmazanie
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
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318 znaku nového riadku medzi dvoma riadkami spôsobí ich spojenie do jediného
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
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319 riadku. Ak je výsledný riadok príliš dlhý na to, aby sa vošiel na šírku
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
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320 obrazovky, bude zobrazený pokračovacím riadkom.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
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321
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
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322 >> Presuňte kurzor na začiatok riadku a stlačte <Delete>. To tento
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
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323 riadok spojí s riadkom predchádzajúcim.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
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324
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
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325 >> Stlačte <Return> pre znovuvloženie zmazaného znaku nového riadku.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
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326
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
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327 Spomeňte si, že väčšina príkazov Emacsu môže dostať počet opakovaní;
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
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328 vrátane textových znakov. Opakovanie textových znakov ich vloží
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
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329 niekoľko krát.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
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330
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
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331 >> Vyskúšajte si to -- stlačte C-u 8 * pre vloženie ********.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
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332
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
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333 Teraz už poznáte najzákladnejšie spôsoby, ako niečo v Emacse napísať a ako
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
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334 opravovať chyby. Môžete ale tiež mazať text po slovách alebo po riadkoch.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
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335 Tu je zhrnutie operácií pre mazanie textu:
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
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336
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
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337 <Delete> Zmazanie znaku bezprostredne pred kurzorom
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
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338 C-d Zmazanie znaku nasledujúceho za kurzorom
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339
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
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340 M-<Delete> Zrušenie slova bezprostredne pred kurzorom
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
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341 M-d Zrušenie slova nasledujúceho za kurzorom
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
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342
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
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343 C-k Zrušenie textu od pozície kurzoru do konca riadku
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
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344 M-k Zrušenie textu do konca aktuálnej vety
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
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345
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
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346 Všimnite si, že <Delete> a C-d, resp. M-<Delete> a M-d, rozširujú
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
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347 paralelu začatú C-f a M-f (pravda, <Delete> naozaj nie je control
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
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348 znak, ale s tým sa nebudeme trápiť). C-k a M-k sú ako C-e a M-e v zmysle
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
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349 vzťahu riadkov k vetám.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
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350
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
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351 Ľubovoľnú časť buffera môžete zrušiť aj nasledujúcim spôsobom. Presuňte sa
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
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352 na koniec tejto časti a stlačte C-@ alebo C-SPC (ľubovoľnú z týchto
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
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353 kombinácií). (SPC znamená medzerník.) Presuňte sa na druhý koniec tejto
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
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354 časti a stlačte C-w. Text medzi týmito pozíciami bude zrušený.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
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355
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
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356 >> Presuňte kurzor na písmeno L na začiatku predchádzajúceho odstavca.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
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357 >> Stlačte C-SPC. Emacs by mal zobraziť v spodnom riadku obrazovky správu
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
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358 "Mark set".
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
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359 >> Presuňte kurzor na písmeno c v slove "koniec" na druhom riadku
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
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360 odstavca.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
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361 >> Stlačte C-w. Text, ktorý začína písmenom L a končí pred písmenom "c"
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
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362 bude zrušený.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
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363
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
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364 Uvedomte si, že rozdiel medzi "rušením" ("killing") a "mazaním"
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
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365 ("deleting") je ten, že "zrušené" veci môžu byť vhodené späť, zatiaľ čo
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
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366 "zmazané" nie. Všeobecne príkazy, ktoré môžu zmazať väčšie množstvo
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
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367 textu, ukladajú text, zatiaľ čo príkazy, ktoré mažú jediný znak alebo
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
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368 iba prázdne riadky a medzery, mazaný text neukladajú.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
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369
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
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370 >> Presuňte kurzor na začiatok neprázdneho riadku.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
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371 Potom stlačte C-k pre zrušenie textu na tomto riadku.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
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372 >> Stlačte C-k druhý krát. Uvidíte, že to zruší znak nového riadku, ktorý
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
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373 je za týmto riadkom.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
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374
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
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375 Všimnite si, že jedno C-k zruší obsah riadku a druhé C-k zruší riadok
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
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376 samotný a posunie všetky ďalšie riadky hore. C-k spracováva numerický
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
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377 argument špeciálne: zruší zodpovedajúci počet riadkov VRÁTANE ich
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
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378 obsahu. To už nie je opakovanie. C-u 2 C-k zruší dva riadky a ich
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
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379 obsah; dvojité stlačenie C-k by toto obvykle nespravilo.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
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380
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
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381 Vracanie textov späť sa nazýva "vhadzovanie" ("yanking"). (Predstavte
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
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382 si opätovné vhadzovanie, vracanie späť textu, ktorý bol odstránený.)
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
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383 Zmazaný text môžete vhodiť buď na to isté miesto, odkiaľ bol zmazaný,
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
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384 alebo na iné miesto v bufferi, alebo dokonca aj do iného súboru.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
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385 Text môžete vhodiť aj viac krát, keď vytvárate jeho ďalšie kópie.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
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386
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
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387 Príkazom na vhadzovanie je C-y. Tento príkaz vloží posledný zmazaný
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
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diff changeset
388 text na pozíciu, na ktorej sa nachádza kurzor.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
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389
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
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390 >> Skúste to; stlačte C-y pre vhodenie textu späť.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
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391
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
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392 Ak stlačíte C-k niekoľko krát po sebe. všetok zmazaný text je uložený
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
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393 spolu tak, aby bolo možné vhodiť späť všetky riadky naraz.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
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394
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
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395 >> Stlačte niekoľko krát C-k.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
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396
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
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397 Teraz obnovte naposledy zrušený text:
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
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398
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
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399 >> Stlačte C-y. Potom posuňte kurzor o niekoľko riadkov nižšie a stlačte
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
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400 C-y znovu. Teraz vidíte, ako je možné kopírovať text.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
401
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
402 Čo keď máte nejaký text, ktorý by ste radi vhodili späť a potom zrušíte
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
403 niečo iného? C-y by vložilo posledný zrušený text. Ale predchádzajúci
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
404 text ni je stratený. Môžete ho získať späť použitím príkazu M-y. Potom,
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
405 čo spravíte C-y pre získanie posledného zrušeného textu, stlačenie M-y
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
406 vymení tento vhodený text za predchádzajúci zrušený text. Ďalšími a
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
407 ďalšími stlačeniami M-y dostávate predchádzajúce a predchádzajúce zrušené
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
408 texty. Keď dosiahnete text, ktorý hľadáte, nemusíte s ním pre jeho
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
409 uchovanie nič ďalšieho robiť. Jednoducho vhodený text ponechajte, kde
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
410 je, a pokračujte v editácii.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
411
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
412 Ak opakujete M-y dostatočne dlho, dostanete se späť k východziemu
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
413 bodu (posledne zrušenému textu).
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
414
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
415 >> Zrušte riadok, presuňte kurzor niekam inam a zrušte iný riadok.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
416 Potom vykonajte C-y pre vrátenie druhého zrušeného riadku.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
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diff changeset
417 Potom stlačte M-y a vhodený riadok bude nahradený prvým zrušeným riadkom.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
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diff changeset
418 Opakujte M-y a pozorujte, čo dostávate. Pokračujte v tom, pokiaľ sa
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
419 znova neobjaví druhý zrušený riadok a potom niekoľko ďalších.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
420 Ak chcete, môžete skúsiť predať M-y kladné a záporné argumenty.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
421
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
422
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
423 * UNDO
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
424 ------
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
425
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
426 Ak vykonáte v texte zmenu a potom zistíte, že to bol omyl, môžete
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
427 zmenu vrátiť príkazom undo, C-x u.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
428
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
429 C-x u obvykle vráti zmeny vykonané jedným príkazom; pokiaľ C-x u
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
430 zopakujete niekoľko krát po sebe, každé opakovanie vráti jeden ďalší
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
431 príkaz.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
432
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
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diff changeset
433 Sú ale dve výnimky: príkazy, ktoré nemenia text, sa nepočítajú (to
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
434 zahŕňa príkazy pre pohyb kurzoru a rolovanie) a znaky vkladajúce
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
435 samy seba sú obvykle spracovávané v skupinách až po 20. (To je kvôli
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
436 tomu, aby sa zredukoval počet C-x u nutných pre vrátenie vkladaného
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
437 textu.)
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
438
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
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diff changeset
439 >> Zrušte tento riadok pomocou C-k, stlačte potom C-x u a riadok by sa mal
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
440 znova objaviť.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
441
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
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diff changeset
442 Alternatívny undo príkaz je C-_; pracuje rovnako ako C-x u, je však
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
443 menej pracné ho aplikovať niekoľko krát za sebou. Nevýhodou C-_ je, že
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
444 na niektorých klávesniciach nie je jasné, ako ho vyvolať. To je dôvod,
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
445 prečo ponúkame aj C-x u. Na niektorých termináloch môžete C-_ vyvolať
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
446 stlačením / pri stlačenom CTRL.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
447
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
448 Numerický argument pre C-_ a C-x u funguje ako počet opakovaní.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
449
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
450 Pomocou príkazu undo môžete vrátiť zrušený aj zmazaný text. Rozdiel medzi
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
451 mazaním a rušením textu ovplyvňuje možnosť vhodenia tohto textu pomocou
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
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diff changeset
452 C-y, neovplyvňuje ale možnosti príkazu undo.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
453
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
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diff changeset
454
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
455 * SÚBORY
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
456 --------
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
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diff changeset
457
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
458 Aby text, ktorý editujete, zostal trvale uchovaný, musíte ho uložiť do
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
459 súboru. Inak by bol po ukončení Emacsu stratený. Svoju editáciu
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
460 spojíte so súborom "vyhľadaním" ("finding") súboru. (Tiež sa to
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
461 nazýva "navštívenie" ("visiting") súboru.)
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
462
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
463 Vyhľadanie súboru znamená, že vidíte jeho obsah v Emacse. V mnohých
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
464 ohľadoch je to, ako by ste editovali priamo ten súbor. Napriek tomu zmeny,
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
465 ktoré prostredníctvom Emacsu robíte, sa nestanú trvalými, pokiaľ tieto
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
466 zmeny do súboru "neuložíte" ("save"). Tým sa zamedzí nechcenému ponechaniu
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
467 čiastočne zmeneného súboru v systéme. Dokonca aj keď súbor uložíte,
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
468 Emacs uchová pôvodný súbor pod zmeneným názvom pre prípad, že by ste
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
469 zistili, že vaše úpravy boli chybné.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
470
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
471 Keď sa pozriete do dolnej časti obrazovky, uvidíte riadok, ktorý začína a
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
472 končí pomlčkami a na začiatku má "2J:-- TUTORIAL.sk" alebo niečo podobného.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
473 Táto časť obrazovky obvykle obsahuje meno súboru, ktorý je práve
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
474 navštívený. Akurát teraz máte navštívený súbor nazvaný "TUTORIAL.sk",
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
475 ktorý je Vašou osobnou čmáraciou kópiou tútorialu Emacsu. Keď v Emacse
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
476 vyhľadáte súbor, jeho meno sa objaví presne na tom mieste.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
477
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
478 Príkazy pre vyhľadávanie a ukladanie súborov sa na rozdiel od ostatných
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
479 príkazov, ktoré ste sa zatiaľ naučili, skladajú z dvoch znakov. Oba
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
480 začínajú znakom Control-x. Existuje celá sada príkazov začínajúcich na
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
481 Control-x; veľa z nich pracuje so súbormi, buffermi a podobnými vecami.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
482 Tieto príkazy sú dlhé dva, tri alebo štyri znaky.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
483
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
484 Ďalšou vecou súvisiacou s príkazom pre vyhľadanie súboru je to, že musíte
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
485 povedať, ktoré meno súboru chcete. Hovoríme, že príkaz "číta argument
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
486 z terminálu" (v tomto prípade je argumentom meno súboru). Potom, čo
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
487 vyvoláte príkaz
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
488
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
489 C-x C-f Vyhľadanie súboru
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
490
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
491 Emacs sa Vás opýta na meno súboru. Meno súboru, ktoré píšete, sa
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
492 objavuje v spodnom riadku obrazovky, ktorý sa v tejto situácii nazýva
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
493 minibuffer. Pre editáciu mena súboru môžete používať obvyklé editačné
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
494 príkazy Emacsu.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
495
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
496 Zadávanie mena súboru (všeobecne akýkoľvek vstup z minibuffera) môžete
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
497 zrušiť príkazom C-g.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
498
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
499 >> Stlačte C-x C-f a potom C-g. To minibuffer zruší a tiež to zruší
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
500 príkaz C-x C-f, ktorý minibuffer použil. Takže nevyhľadáte žiadny
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
501 súbor.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
502
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
503 Po napísaní mena súboru stlačte <Return>.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
504 Príkaz C-x C-f potom začne pracovať a vyhľadá súbor, ktorý ste zvolili.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
505 Po skončení príkazu C-x C-f minibuffer zmizne.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
506
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
507 Po malej chvílke sa obsah súboru objaví na obrazovke a môžete ho
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
508 editovať. Keď chcete zmeny natrvalo uložiť, použite príkaz
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
509
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
510 C-x C-s Uloženie súboru
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
511
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
512 To skopíruje text z Emacsu do súboru. Keď to spravíte prvý krát, Emacs
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
513 premenuje pôvodný súbor na súbor s novým menom, aby nebol stratený.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
514 Nové meno je vytvorené pridaním "~" na koniec pôvodného mena súboru.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
515
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
516 Keď je ukladanie dokončené, Emacs zobrazí meno zapísaného súboru.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
517 Mali by ste ukladať rozumne často, aby ste nestratili príliš veľa práce
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
518 v prípade pádu systému.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
519
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
520 >> Stlačte C-x C-s pre uloženie Vašej kópie tútorialu.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
521 Malo by to zobraziť "Wrote ...TUTORIAL.sk" v spodnom riadku obrazovky.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
522
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
523 POZNÁMKA: Na niektorých systémoch spôsobí stlačenie C-x C-s zatuhnutie
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
524 obrazovky a nevidíte žiadny ďalší výstup z Emacsu. To znamená, že
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
525 "vlastnosť" operačného systému nazvaná "flow control" zachytáva C-s a
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
526 nepustí ho k Emacsu. Pre odtuhnutie obrazovky stlačte C-q. Potom
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
527 v sekcii "Spontaneous Entry to Incremental Search" v manuále Emacsu
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
528 vyhľadajte radu, ako sa vysporiadať s touto "vlastnosťou".
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
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diff changeset
529
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
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diff changeset
530 Existujúci súbor môžete vyhľadať, aby ste ho mohli prehliadať alebo
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
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diff changeset
531 editovať. Môžete tiež vyhľadať súbor, ktorý ešte neexistuje. To je
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
532 spôsob, akým sa dá vytvoriť súbor v Emacse: vyhľadajte súbor, ktorý
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
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diff changeset
533 bude na začiatku prázdny a potom začnite vkladať text určený pre tento
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
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diff changeset
534 súbor. Keď požiadate o uloženie, Emacs skutočne vytvorí súbor
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
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diff changeset
535 s textom, ktorý ste vložili. Od tej chvíle sa potom môžete cítiť, ako
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
536 keby ste editovali už existujúci súbor.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
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diff changeset
537
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
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diff changeset
538
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
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diff changeset
539 * BUFFERY
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
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diff changeset
540 ---------
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
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diff changeset
541
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
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diff changeset
542 Ak vyhľadáte pomocou C-x C-f druhý súbor, prvý súbor v Emacse
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
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diff changeset
543 zostáva. Môžete sa doň späť prepnúť jeho opätovným vyhľadaním
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
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diff changeset
544 pomocou C-x C-f. Týmto spôsobom môžete do Emacsu dostať pomerne veľa
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
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parents:
diff changeset
545 súborov.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
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diff changeset
546
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
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diff changeset
547 >> Vytvorte súbor pomenovaný "foo" stlačením C-x C-f foo <Return>.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
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diff changeset
548 Potom vložte nejaký text, zmeňte ho a uložte "foo" stlačením C-x C-s.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
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549 Nakoniec stlačte C-x C-f TUTORIAL.sk <Return>, čím sa vrátite späť do
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
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diff changeset
550 tútorialu.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
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diff changeset
551
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
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diff changeset
552 Emacs ukladá text každého súboru do objektu nazývaného "buffer".
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
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diff changeset
553 Vyhľadanie súboru vytvorí v Emacse nový buffer. Ak chcete vidieť zoznam
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
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diff changeset
554 bufferov, ktoré momentálne existujú vo Vašom procese Emacs, stlačte:
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
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diff changeset
555
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
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diff changeset
556 C-x C-b Zoznam bufferov
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
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diff changeset
557
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
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diff changeset
558 >> Skúste teraz C-x C-b.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
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diff changeset
559
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
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diff changeset
560 Uvidíte, že každý buffer má v zozname meno a môže tam mať tiež meno
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
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diff changeset
561 súboru, ktorého text obsahuje. Niektoré buffery nezodpovedajú súborom.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
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diff changeset
562 Napríklad buffer pomenovaný "*Buffer List*" nemá žiadny súbor. Je to
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
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diff changeset
563 buffer, ktorý obsahuje zoznam bufferov vytvorený pomocou C-x C-b.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
564 AKÝKOĽVEK text, ktorý vidíte v emacsovom okne, je vždy súčasťou
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
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diff changeset
565 nejakého bufferu.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
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diff changeset
566
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
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diff changeset
567 >> Stlačte C-x 1, aby ste sa zbavili zoznamu bufferov.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
568
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
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diff changeset
569 Ak zmeníte text jedného súboru a potom vyhľadáte iný súbor,
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
570 nespôsobí to uloženie prvého súboru. Jeho zmeny zostávajú v Emacse
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
571 uchované v jemu zodpovedajúcom buffere. Vytvorenie a úprava druhého
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
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diff changeset
572 súboru nemá žiadny vplyv na buffer prvého súboru. To je veľmi
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
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diff changeset
573 užitočné, ale tiež to znamená, že potrebujete vhodný spôsob, ako uložiť
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
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diff changeset
574 buffer prvého súboru. Nutnosť prepnúť sa späť pomocou C-x C-f, aby
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
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diff changeset
575 ho bolo možné uložiť prostredníctvom C-x C-s, by bola nemiestne
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
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diff changeset
576 obťažujúca. Takže máme
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
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diff changeset
577
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
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diff changeset
578 C-x s Uloženie niektorých bufferov
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
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diff changeset
579
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
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diff changeset
580 C-x s sa Vás spýta na každý buffer, ktorý obsahuje zmeny, ktoré ste
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
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diff changeset
581 neuložili. Pre každý taký buffer sa Vás spýta, či ho má uložiť.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
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diff changeset
582
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
583 >> Vložte riadok textu a potom stlačte C-x s.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
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diff changeset
584 Emacs by sa Vás mal opýtať, či má byť uložený buffer nazvaný TUTORIAL.sk.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
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diff changeset
585 Odpovedzte na túto otázku áno (yes) stlačením "y".
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
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diff changeset
586
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
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diff changeset
587
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
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diff changeset
588 * ROZŠIROVANIE SADY PRÍKAZOV
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
589 ----------------------------
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
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diff changeset
590
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
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diff changeset
591 Existuje omnoho, omnoho viac príkazov Emacsu, ako tie, ktoré by vôbec mohli
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
592 byť rozmiestnené na všetky control a meta znaky. Emacs tento problém
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
593 obchádza prostredníctvom X (eXtend) príkazu. Ten vzniká dvoma spôsobmi:
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
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diff changeset
594
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
595 C-x Znakový eXtend. Nasledovaný jedným znakom.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
596 M-x Pomenovaný príkaz eXtend. Nasledovaný dlhým názvom.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
597
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
598 To sú príkazy, ktoré sú všeobecne užitočné, ale menej často používané
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
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diff changeset
599 ako tie, ktoré ste sa už naučili. Už ste videli dva z nich: súborové
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
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diff changeset
600 príkazy C-x C-f pre vyhľadanie a C-x C-s pre uloženie. Iný príklad je
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
601 príkaz pre ukončenie Emacsu -- tj. príkaz C-x C-c. (Nemajte obavy
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
602 o stratu zmien, ktoré ste spravili; C-x C-c ponúkne uloženie každého
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
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diff changeset
603 zmeneného súboru pred tým, než sa Emacs skončí.)
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
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diff changeset
604
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
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diff changeset
605 C-z je príkaz na *dočasné* opustenie Emacsu -- môžete sa po ňom do
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
606 spusteného Emacsu vrátiť.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
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diff changeset
607
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
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diff changeset
608 Na systémoch, ktoré to umožňujú, C-z Emacs "pozastaví"; tzn. vráti Vás
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
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parents:
diff changeset
609 do shellu, ale Emacs neskončí. V najbežnejších shelloch sa môžete do
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
610 Emacsu vrátiť príkazom `fg' alebo pomocou `%emacs'.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
611
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
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diff changeset
612 Na systémoch, ktoré pozastavovanie procesov nemajú implementované, C-z
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
613 vytvorí subshell bežiaci pod Emacsom, aby Vám dal šancu spustiť iné
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
614 programy a potom sa do Emacsu vrátiť; nevykoná teda pravé opustenie
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
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diff changeset
615 Emacsu. V tom prípade je obvyklou cestou návratu zo subshellu do Emacsu
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
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diff changeset
616 shellový príkaz `exit'.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
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diff changeset
617
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
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diff changeset
618 Chvíle pre použitie C-x C-c nastane, keď sa chystáte odhlásiť sa zo
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
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diff changeset
619 systému. Správne je to tiež pri ukončovaní Emacsu vyvolaného poštovým
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
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diff changeset
620 programom a rôznymi inými utilitami, pretože tie nemusia vedieť, ako si
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
621 poradiť s pozastavením Emacsu. Napriek tomu za normálnych okolností, pokiaľ
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
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diff changeset
622 sa nechystáte odhlásiť, je lepšie Emacs pozastaviť pomocou C-z ako ho
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
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diff changeset
623 ukončiť.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
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diff changeset
624
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
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diff changeset
625 Existuje mnoho C-x príkazov. Tu je zoznam tých, ktoré ste sa už naučili:
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
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diff changeset
626
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
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diff changeset
627 C-x C-f Vyhľadanie súboru
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
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diff changeset
628 C-x C-s Uloženie súboru
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
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diff changeset
629 C-x C-b Zoznam bufferov
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
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diff changeset
630 C-x C-c Ukončenie Emacsu
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
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diff changeset
631 C-x u Undo
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
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diff changeset
632
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
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diff changeset
633 Pomenované eXtended príkazy sú príkazy, ktoré sú používané ešte
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
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diff changeset
634 menej, alebo príkazy, ktoré sú používané iba v istých módoch.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
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diff changeset
635 Príkladom je príkaz replace-string, ktorý globálne nahradí jeden reťazec
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
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diff changeset
636 iným. Keď stlačíte M-x, vypíše sa na spodnom riadku obrazovky prompt
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
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diff changeset
637 M-x a vy by ste mali zadať meno príkazu; v tomto prípade
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
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diff changeset
638 "replace-string". Jednoducho napíšte "repl s<TAB>" a Emacs názov doplní.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
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diff changeset
639 Skončite zadávanie mena príkazu pomocou <Return>.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
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diff changeset
640
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
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diff changeset
641 Príkaz replace-string vyžaduje dva argumenty -- reťazec, ktorý má byť
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
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diff changeset
642 nahradený, a reťazec, ktorý ho má nahradiť. Každý argument musíte
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
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parents:
diff changeset
643 ukončiť pomocou <Return>.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
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diff changeset
644
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
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diff changeset
645 >> Presuňte kurzor na prázdny riadok dva riadky pod týmto.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
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diff changeset
646 Potom napíšte M-x repl s<Return>zmenil<Return>modifikoval<Return>.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
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diff changeset
647
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
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diff changeset
648 Všimnite si, ako sa tento riadok zmenil: nahradili ste slovo
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
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diff changeset
649 z-m-e-n-i-l slovom "modifikoval", kdekoľvek sa za aktuálnou pozíciou
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
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diff changeset
650 kurzoru vyskytlo.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
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diff changeset
651
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
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diff changeset
652
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
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diff changeset
653 * AUTOMATICKÉ UKLADANIE
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
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diff changeset
654 -----------------------
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
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diff changeset
655
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
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diff changeset
656 Ak ste spravili zmeny v súbore, ale nemáte ich ešte uložené,
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
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diff changeset
657 môžu byť v prípade páde systému stratené. Aby vás Emacs pred tým ochránil,
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
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diff changeset
658 periodicky zapisuje "auto save" súbor pre každý súbor, ktorý
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
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diff changeset
659 editujete. Meno auto save súboru má na začiatku a na konci #;
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
660 napríklad ak sa Váš soubor nazýva "hello.c", jeho auto save
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
661 súbor sa nazýva "#hello.c#". Ak súbor uložíte normálnym spôsobem,
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
662 Emacs auto save súbor zmaže.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
663
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
664 Ak nastane pád systému, môžete svoje úpravy obnoviť z auto-save
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
665 súboru, a to normálnym vyhľadaním súboru (toho, ktorý ste editovali,
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
666 nie auto save súboru) a následným spustením M-x recover-file<return>.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
667 Na žiadosť o potvrdenie odpovedzte zadaním yes<return> pre pokračovanie a
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
668 obnovenie auto-save dát.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
669
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
670
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
671 * ECHO OBLASŤ
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
672 -------------
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
673
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
674 Keď Emacs vidí, že píšete príkazy pomaly, ukazuje Vám ich v spodnej
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
675 časti obrazovky v oblasti nazývanej "echo oblast". Echo oblasť obsahuje
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
676 dolný riadok obrazovky.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
677
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
678
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
679 * STAVOVÝ RIADOK
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
680 ----------------
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
681
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
682 Riadok bezprostredne nad echo oblasťou sa nazýva "stavový riadok"
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
683 ("mode line").
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
684 Stavový riadok vraví niečo ako:
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
685
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
686 2J:** TUTORIAL.sk (Fundamental)--L670--58%----------------
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
687
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
688 Tento riadok podáva užitočnú informáciu o stave Emacsu a texte, ktorý
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
689 editujete.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
690
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
691 Už viete, čo znamená meno súboru -- je to súbor, ktorý ste vyhľadali.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
692 -NN%-- označuje Vašu aktuálnu pozíciu v texte; vraví, že NN percent textu
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
693 je nad horným okrajom obrazovky. Ak je začiatok súboru na obrazovke, je
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
694 tu --Top-- a nie --00%--. Ak je koniec textu na obrazovke, je tu
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
695 --Bot--. Ak sa dívate na tak malý text, že sa celý vojde na obrazovku,
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
696 stavový riadok vraví --All--.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
697
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
698 Hviezdičky blízko začiatku znamenajú, že ste text zmenili. Tesne po
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
699 vyhľadaní alebo uložení súboru v tejto časti stavového riadku nie sú žiadne
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
700 hviezdičky, iba pomlčky.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
701
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
702 Časť stavového riadku v zátvorkách vraví, v akých editačných módoch sa
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
703 nachádzate. Implicitný mód je Fundamental, čo je ten, ktorý momentálne
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
704 používate. Je príkladom hlavného módu ("major mode").
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
705
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
706 Emacs má celý rad hlavných módov. Niektoré z nich sú určené pre
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
707 editovanie rôznych programovacích jazykov a/alebo textov ako napr. Lisp mód,
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
708 Text mód, atď. V ľubovoľnom okamihu je aktívny práve jeden hlavný mód a
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
709 jeho meno je možné nájsť v stavovom riadku na mieste, kde je teraz
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
710 "Fundamental".
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
711
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
712 Každý hlavný mód mení chovanie niektorých príkazov. Napríklad existujú
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
713 príkazy pre vytváranie komentárov v programe, a pretože každý programovací
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
714 jazyk má inú predstavu o tom, ako má komentár vyzerať,
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
715 musí každý hlavný mód vkladať komentáre inak. Každý hlavný mód je
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
716 vlastne meno extended príkazu, ktorým sa do tohoto módu môžete
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
717 prepnúť. Napríklad M-x fundamental-mode je príkaz pre prepnutie sa do
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
718 Fundamental módu.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
719
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
720 Ak sa chystát meniť slovenský text, ako napríklad tento súbor,
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
721 pravdepodobne by ste mali použiť Text mód.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
722 >> Napíšte M-x text-mode<Return>.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
723
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
724 Nebojte sa, žiadny z príkazov, ktoré ste sa naučili, chovanie Emacsu nijako
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
725 významne nezmení. Môžete si ale všimnúť, že M-f a M-b teraz pracujú
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
726 s apostrofmi ako so súčasťou slova. Pred tým, vo Fundamental móde, M-f
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
727 a M-b pracovali s apostrofmi ako oddeľovačmi slov.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
728
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
729 Hlavné módy obyčajne robia menšie zmeny, ako bola táto: príkazy väčšinou
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
730 robia "to isté", ale v každom hlavnom móde pracujú trochu inak.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
731
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
732 Dokumentáciu k aktuálnemu hlavnému módu si môžete zobraziť stlačením C-h m.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
733
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
734 >> Raz alebo viac krát použite C-u C-v, aby ste tento riadok dostali
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
735 na vrchol obrazovky.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
736 >> Stlačte C-h m, aby ste videli, ako sa Text mód líši od Fundamental
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
737 módu.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
738 >> Stlačte C-x 1 pre odstránenie dokumentácie z obrazovky.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
739
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
740 Hlavné módy sa nazývajú hlavné preto, že tiež existujú vedľajšie módy
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
741 (minor modes). Vedľajšie módy nie sú alternatívou k hlavným módom, ale
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
742 ich malé modifikácie. Každý vedľajší mód môže byť zapnutý alebo vypnutý
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
743 sám o sebe nezávisle na všetkých ostatných vedľajších módoch a nezávisle na
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
744 hlavnom móde. Takže nemusíte používať žiadny vedľajší mód alebo môžete
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
745 používať jeden vedľajší mód alebo ľubovoľnú kombináciu niekoľkých
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
746 vedľajších módov.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
747
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
748 Jedným z veľmi užitočných vedľajších módov, hlavne pre úpravy slovenských
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
749 textov, je Auto Fill mód. Keď je tento mód zapnutý, Emacs zalomí riadok
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
750 medzi dvoma slovami, kedykoľvek vkladáte text a riadok sa stane príliš
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
751 dlhým.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
752
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
753 Auto Fill mód môžete zapnúť vykonaním M-x auto-fill-mode<Return>.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
754 Ak je tento mód zapnutý, môžete ho vypnúť vykonaním M-x
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
755 auto-fill-mode<Return>. Ak je mód vypnutý, tento príkaz ho zapína,
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
756 a ak je mód zapnutý, tak ho tento príkaz vypína. Vravíme, že tento
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
757 príkaz prepína ("toggles") tento mód.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
758
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
759 >> Napíšte teďa M-x auto-fill-mode<Return>. Potom vkladajte "asdf " stále
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
760 dookola tak dlho, pokiaľ neuvidíte, ako sa vkladaný riadok rozdelí na dva
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
761 riadky. Do textu musíte vkladať medzery preto, že Auto Fill mód
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
762 zalamuje riadky iba v medzerách.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
763
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
764 Okraj je obvykle nastavený na 70 znakov, ale môžete to zmeniť príkazom
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
765 C-x f. Hodnotu okraju, ktorú si prajete, by ste mali predať ako
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
766 numerický argument.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
767
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
768 >> Napíšte C-x f s argumentom 20. (C-u 2 0 C-x f).
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
769 Potom napíšte nejaký text a pozorujte, ako Emacs vypĺňa riadky po
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
770 20. znakoch. Potom nastavte okraj späť na 70 opätovným použitím
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
771 C-x f.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
772
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
773 Ak spravíte zmeny uprostred odstavca, Auto Fill mód ho nepreformátuje.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
774 Pre preformátovanie odstavca stlačte M-q (Meta-q) s kurzorom vnútri
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
775 odstavca.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
776
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
777 >> Presuňte kurzor do predchádzajúceho odstavcu a stlačte M-q.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
778
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
779
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
780 * VYHĽADÁVANIE
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
781 --------------
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
782
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
783 Emacs vie v texte vyhľadávať reťazce (tj. skupiny spojených znakov alebo
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
784 slov) smerom vpred alebo vzad. Hľadanie reťazca je príkaz presúvajúci
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
785 kurzor; presunie kurzor na najbližšie miesto, kde sa tento reťazec nachádza.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
786
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
787 Vyhľadávací príkaz Emacsu sa líši od vyhľadávacích príkazov väčšiny
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
788 editorov v tom zmysle, že je "inkrementálny". To znamená, že vyhľadávanie
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
789 sa robí už v okamžiku, keď zadávate hľadaný reťazec.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
790
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
791 Príkaz pre hľadanie vpred je C-s a pre hľadanie vzad C-r.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
792 POZOR! Ešte to neskúšajte.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
793
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
794 Keď stlačíte C-s, uvidíte v echo oblasti prompt "I-search". To Vám
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
795 vraví, že Emacs sa nacháza v stave, ktorý sa nazýva inkrementálne hľadanie,
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
796 a čaká, kým mu zadáte, čo chcete hľadať. <RET> hľadanie ukončí.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
797
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
798 >> Teraz začnite hľadanie stlačením C-s. POMALY, písmeno po písmene, píšte
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
799 slovo 'kurzor'. Po každom písmene si všimnite, čo sa deje s kurzorom.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
800 Teraz ste vyhľadali "kurzor" prvý krát.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
801 >> Stlačte C-s znova, aby ste našli ďalší výskyt slova "kurzor".
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
802 >> Teraz štyri krát stlačte <Delete> a pozerajte, ako sa kurzor
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
803 presúva.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
804 >> Stlačte <RET> pre ukončenie hľadania.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
805
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
806 Videli ste, čo sa stalo? Emacs sa v inkrementálnom hľadaní pokúša
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
807 prejsť na ďalší výskyt reťazca, ktorý ste dosiaľ napísali. Ak chcete
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
808 prejsť na ďalší výskyt 'kurzor', jednoducho stlačte C-s zas.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
809 Ak už žiadny taký výskyt nie je, Emacs pípne a povie Vám, že
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
810 hľadanie momentálne "zlyháva", C-g hľadanie ukončí.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
811
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
812 POZNÁMKA: Na niektorých systémoch stlačenie C-s spôsobí zatuhnutie
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
813 obrazovky a neuvidíte žiadny ďalší výstup z Emacsu. To znamená, že
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
814 "vlastnosť" operačného systému nazvaná "flow control" zachytáva C-s a
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
815 nepustí ho k Emacsu. Pre odtuhnutie obrazovky stlačte C-q. Potom
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
816 vyhľadajte v sekcii "Spontaneous Entry to Incremental Search" v manuále
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
817 Emacsu radu, ako obísť túto "vlastnosť".
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
818
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
819 Ak uprostred inkrementálneho hľadania stlačíte <Delete>, uvidíte,
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
820 že posledný znak v hľadanom reťazci zmizne a hľadanie sa vracia na posledné
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
821 miesto hľadania. Predpokladajme napríklad, že ste napísali "c", aby ste
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
822 našli prvý výskyt "k". Ak teraz stlačíte "u", kurzor sa presunie na
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
823 prvý výskyt "ku". Teraz stlačte <Delete>. To vymaže "u" z hľadaného
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
824 reťazca a kurzor sa presunie späť na prvý výskyt "k".
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
825
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
826 Ak uprostred hľadania stlačíte control alebo meta znak (s niekoľkými
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
827 výnimkami -- znaky, ktoré sú špeciálne v hľadaní, ako C-s a C-r),
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
828 hľadanie bude ukončené.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
829
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
830 C-s začína hľadanie, ktoré hľadá akýkoľvek výskyt hľadaného reťazca ZA
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
831 aktuálnu pozíciu kurzoru. Ak chcete niečo hľadať v predchádzajúcom texte,
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
832 stlačte namiesto C-s C-r. Všetko, čo sme povedali o C-s, platí tiež o C-r
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
833 okrem toho, že smer hľadania je opačný.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
834
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
835
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
836 * VIAC OKIEN
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
837 ------------
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
838
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
839 Jednou z pekných vlastností Emacsu je to, že môže na obrazovke zobraziť
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
840 viac okien súčasne.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
841
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
842 >> Presuňte kurzor na tento riadok a stlačte C-u 0 C-l.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
843
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
844 >> Ak stlačíte C-x 2, obrazovka sa rozdelí na dve okná.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
845 Obidve okná zobrazujú tento tútorial. Kurzor zostáva na vrchu okna.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
846
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
847 >> Stlačte C-M-v pre rolovanie spodného okna.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
848 (Ak nemáte skutočnú klávesu Meta, stlačte ESC C-v.)
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
849
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
850 >> Stlačte C-x o ("o" ako "other") pre presun kurzoru do dolného okna.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
851
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
852 >> Použite C-v a M-v v spodnom okne pre jeho rolovanie.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
853 Pokračujte v čítaní týchto inštrukcií v hornom okne.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
854
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
855 >> Znovu stlačte C-x o pre presun kurzoru späť do horného okna.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
856 Kurzor v hornom okne je presne na mieste, kde bol pôvodne.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
857
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
858 Môžete ďalej používať C-x o pre prepínanie medzi oknami. Každé okno má svoju
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
859 vlastnú pozíciu kurzoru, ale kurzor zobrazuje iba jedno okno.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
860 Všetky obvyklé editačné príkazy platia pre okno, v ktorom sa nachádza
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
861 kurzor. Toto okno nazývame "aktívne okno" ("selected window").
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
862
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
863 Príkaz C-M-v je veľmi užitočný, ak v jednom okne editujete text a
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
864 druhé okno používate iba pre prehľad. Môžete nechávať kurzor stále
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
865 v okne, kde editujete, a postupovať po druhom okne pomocou C-M-v.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
866
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
867 C-M-v je príkladom CONTROL-META znaku. Ak máte skutočnú META klávesu,
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
868 môžete vyvolať C-M-v pridržaním oboch kláves CTRL a META pri stlačení v.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
869 Nezáleží na tom, či stlačíte ako prvú klávesu CTRL alebo META, pretože obe
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
870 tieto klávesy fungujú ako modifikátory kláves, ktoré stlačíte.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
871
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
872 Ak nemáte skutočnú META klávesu, môžete namiesto nej použiť ESC, na
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
873 poradí záleží: musíte stlačiť ESC a potom CTRL-v; CTRL-ESC v by
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
874 nefungovalo. To preto, lebo ESC je samostatný znak, a nie modifikátor.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
875
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
876 >> Stlačte C-x 1 (v hornom okne), aby ste sa zbavili dolného okna.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
877
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
878 (Ak by ste C-x 1 stlačili v dolnom okne, odstránilo by to horné okno.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
879 Chápte tento príkaz ako "ponechaj akurát jedno okno -- to, v ktorom
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
880 akurát som".)
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
881
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
882 Nemusíte v oboch oknách zobrazovať ten istý buffer. Ak použijete
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
883 C-x C-f pre vyhľadanie súboru v jednom z okien, druhé okno sa nezmení.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
884 Môžete vyhľadávať súbory v oboch oknách nezávisle.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
885
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
886 Tu je ďalší spôsob, ako využiť dve okná na zobrazenie dvoch rôznych vecí:
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
887
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
888 >> Stlačte C-x 4 C-f nasledované menom niektorého z Vašich súborov.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
889 Dokončite to pomocou <Return>. Vidíte zadaný súbor v dolnom okne.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
890 Presunul sa tam aj kurzor.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
891
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
892 >> Stlačte C-x o pre presun späť do horného okna a C-x 1 pre zmazanie
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
893 dolného okna.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
894
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
895
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
896 * REKURZÍVNE EDITAČNÉ ÚROVNE
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
897 ----------------------------
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
898
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
899 Občas sa dostanete do niečoho, čo sa nazýva "rekurzívna editačná úroveň"
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
900 ("recursive editing level"). To je indikované hranatými zátvorkami v
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
901 stavovom riadku obklopujúcemu zátvorky okolo mena hlavného módu.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
902 Napríklad môžete vidieť [(Fundamental)] namiesto (Fundamental).
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
903
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
904 Aby ste sa dostali z rekurzívnej editačnej úrovne, stlačte ESC ESC ESC.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
905 To je všeobecný "vyskakovací" príkaz. Môžete ho použiť tiež pre odstránenie
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
906 niektorých okien a vyskočenie z minibuffera.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
907
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
908 >> Stlačte M-x, aby ste sa dostali do minibuffera; potom stlačte
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
909 ESC ESC ESC, aby ste sa z neho dostali von.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
910
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
911 Z rekurzívnej editačnej úrovne nemôžete vyskočiť pomocou C-g. To preto, že
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
912 C-g je využívané pre rušenie príkazov a argumentov VO VNÚTRI rekurzívnej
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
913 editačnej vrstvy.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
914
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
915
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
916 * ZÍSKANIE ĎALŠEJ NÁPOVEDY
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
917 --------------------------
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
918
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
919 V tomto tútoriale sme sa pokúsili Vám poskytnúť dostatok informácií,
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
920 aby ste mohli začať Emacs používať. V Emacse je toho toľko, že by bolo
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
921 nemožné to všetko objasniť v tomto návode. V každom prípade sa o Emacse
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
922 môžete naučiť viac, pretože má veľa užitočných vlastností. Emacs ponúka
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
923 príkazy pre čítanie dokumentácie svojich príkazov. Všetky tieto "help"
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
924 príkazy začínajú znakom Control-h, ktorý sa nazýva "help znak".
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
925
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
926 Pre použitie vlastností nápovedy stlačte znak C-h a potom znak hovoriaci,
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
927 aký druh nápovedy si žiadate. Ak ste NAOZAJ stratení, stlačte C-h ? a
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
928 Emacs Vám povie, aké druhy nápovedy Vám môže poskytnúť. Ak ste stlačili
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
929 C-h a potom ste sa rozhodli, že žiadnu nápovedu nechcete, jednoducho ju
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
930 zrušte stlačením C-g.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
931
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
932 (Na niektorých počítačoch je význam znaku C-h zmenený. To by naozaj
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
933 nemalo byť všeobecným nastavením pre všetkých používateľov, takže máte právo
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
934 posťažovať sa systémovému administrátorovi. Do tej doby, ak C-h
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
935 nezobrazuje hlásenie o nápovede v dolnej časti obrazovky, skúste namiesto
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
936 toho používať klávesu F1 alebo M-x help RET.)
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
937
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
938 Najzákladnejší príkaz nápovedy je C-h c. Stlačte C-h, znak c a klávesový
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
939 príkaz; Emacs potom zobrazí veľmi stručný popis príkazu.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
940
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
941 >> Stlačte C-h c Control-p.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
942 Hlásenie by malo vyzerať asi takto
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
943
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
944 C-p runs the command previous-line
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
945
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
946 To vám oznamuje "meno funkcie". Mená funkcií sú používané hlavne pre
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
947 konfiguráciu a rozširovanie Emacsu. Ale pretože mená funkcií sú volené
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
948 tak, aby naznačovali, čo zodpovedajúci príkaz robí, môžu slúžiť tiež
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
949 ako veľmi stručná dokumentácia -- dostatočná na to, aby Vám pripomenula
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
950 príkazy, ktoré ste sa už naučili.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
951
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
952 Viacznakové príkazy ako C-x C-s a (ak nemáte META, EDIT ani ALT
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
953 klávesu) <ESC>v sú pre C-h c povolené tiež.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
954
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
955 Na získanie viac informácií o príkaze použite namiesto C-h c C-h k.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
956
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
957 >> Stlačte C-h k Control-p.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
958
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
959 To zobrazí dokumentáciu k funkcii a jej meno v emacsovom okne. Ak
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
960 výstup prečítate, stlačte C-x 1, aby ste sa textu nápovedy zbavili.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
961 Nemusíte to robiť hneď. Môžete chvíľu editovať a nazerať do textu
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
962 nápovedy a až potom stlačiť C-x 1.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
963
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
964 Tu sú ďalšie užitočné voľby C-h:
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
965
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
966 C-h f Popis funkcie. Zadáváte meno funkcie.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
967
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
968 >> Skúste napísať C-h f previous-line<Return>.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
969 To vypíše všetky informácie, ktoré Emacs má o funkcii implementujúcej
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
970 príkaz C-p.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
971
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
972 Podobný príkaz C-h v zobrazí dokumentáciu premennej, ktorej hodnotu
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
973 môžete nastaviť pre ovplyvnenie chovania Emacsu. Meno premennej musíte
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
974 zadať, až keď sa naň Emacs spýta.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
975
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
976 C-h a Príkazové apropos. Zadajte kľúčové slovo a Emacs vypíše
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
977 všetky príkazy, ktorých meno obsahuje toto kľúčové
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
978 slovo. Všetky tieto príkazy môžu byť vyvolané pomocou
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
979 Meta-x. Pre niektoré príkazy príkazové apropos vypíše
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
980 tiež jedno alebo dvojznakové sekvencie, ktoré vykonávajú
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
981 ten istý príkaz.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
982
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
983 >> Napíšte C-h a file<Return>.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
984
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
985 To zobrazí v druhom okne zoznam všetkých M-x príkazov obsahujúcich "file" vo
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
986 svojom názve. Znakové príkazy ako C-x C-f uvidíte vypísané vedľa
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
987 zodpovedajúcich mien príkazov ako find-file.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
988
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
989 >> Stlačte C-M-v pre posun okna s nápovedou. Urobte to viac krát.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
990
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
991 >> Stlačte C-x 1 pre zmazanie okna s nápovedou.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
992
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
993 C-h i Čítanie on-line manuálov (tiež Info). Tento príkaz
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
994 Vás prepne do špeciálneho buffera s názvom `*info*',
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
995 v ktorom môžete čítať on-line manuály pre balíky
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
996 inštalované na vašom systéme. Ak stlačíte m emacs <Return>,
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
997 môžete si napríklad prečítať manuál k Emacsu. Ak ste
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
998 doteraz nikdy nepoužívali Info, stlačte ? a Emacs vám
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
999 predstaví hlavné možnosti módu pre Info. Ak toto
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
1000 predstavenie absolvujete, mali by ste používať Info
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
1001 manuál Emacsu ako svoju primárnu dokumentáciu.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
1002
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
1003
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
1004 * ZÁVER
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
1005 -------
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
1006
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
1007 Nezabudnite, Emacs ukončíte vykonaním príkazu C-x C-c. Pre dočasný
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
1008 odskok do shellu, z ktorého sa do Emacsu môžete opäť vrátiť,
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
1009 použite C-z.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
1010
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
1011 Zámerom tohto tútorialu je byť zrozumiteľný všetkým novým používateľom, takže
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
1012 ak narazíte na niečo nejasného, tak nezúfajte a nedávajte to za vinu sebe
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
1013 -- sťažujte sa!
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
1014
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
1015
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
1016 KOPÍROVANIE
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
1017 -----------
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
1018
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
1019 Tento tútorial vychádza z dllhej rady emacsových tútorialov začatej
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
1020 tútorialom napísaným Stuartom Cracraftom pre pôvodný Emacs.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
1021
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
1022 Táto verzia tútorialu je, podobne ako GNU Emacs, chránená copyrightom
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
1023 a je šírená s povolením distribuovať kópie za istých podmienok:
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
1024
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
1025 Copyright (c) 1985, 1996 Free Software Foundation
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
1026
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
1027 Každému je zaručené právo vytvárať a distribuovať presné kópie tohto
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
1028 dokumentu tak, ako ho dostal, na akomkoľvek médiu, s tým, že bude
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
1029 zachovaná táto poznámka o autorstve a poznámka o povolení, a že
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
1030 distribútor zaručuje príjemcovi právo na ďalšiu redistribúciu povolenú
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
1031 touto poznámkou.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
1032
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
1033 Je zaručené právo distribuovať modifikované verzie tohto dokumentu
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
1034 alebo jeho častí pod hore uvedenými podmienkami za predpokladu, že
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
1035 obsahuje jasné poznámky uvádzajúce, kto urobil posledné úpravy.
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
1036
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
1037 Podmienky pre kopírovanie Emacsu samotného sú zložitejšie, ale
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
1038 v rovnakom duchu. Prečítajte si, prosím, súbor COPYING a potom dajte kópie
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
1039 GNU Emacsu svojim priateľom. Pomáhajte potlačovať softwarovú obštrukciu
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
1040 ("vlastníctvo") používaním, písaním a zdieľaním free softwaru!
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
1041
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
1042 ;;; Local Variables:
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
1043 ;;; coding: iso-latin-2
943eaba38521 [xemacs-hg @ 2002-03-13 08:51:24 by ben]
ben
parents:
diff changeset
1044 ;;; End: