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2 @iftex
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3 @unnumbered XEmacs Features
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4
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5 This section describes the difference between Emacs Version 18 and
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6 XEmacs.
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7
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8 @unnumberedsec General Changes
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9
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10 @itemize @bullet
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11 @ignore
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12 @item
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13 XEmacs has a new vi emulation mode called evi mode. To
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14 start evi mode in Emacs, type the command @kbd{M-x evi}. If you want
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15 Emacs to automatically put you in evi-mode all the time, include this
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16 line in your @file{.emacs} file:
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17 @example
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18 (setq term-setup-hook 'evi)
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19 @end example
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20 @xref{evi Mode} for a brief discussion.
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21 @end ignore
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22
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23 @item
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24 XEmacs has a new vi emulation mode called ``viper'' mode. To start
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25 viper mode in XEmacs, type the command @kbd{M-x viper-mode}. If you
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26 want XEmacs to automatically put you in viper-mode all the time, include
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27 this line in your @file{.emacs} file:
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28 @example
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29 (viper-mode)
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30 @end example
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31
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32 @item
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33 Earlier versions of Emacs only allowed keybindings to ASCII character
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34 sequences. XEmacs has greatly expanded this by allowing you to
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35 use a vector of key sequences which are in turn composed of a modifier
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36 and a keysym. @xref{Keystrokes} for more information.
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37
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38 @item
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39 The keymap data structure has been reimplemented to allow the use of a
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40 character set larger than ASCII. Keymaps are no longer alists and/or
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41 vectors; they are a new primary data type. Consequently, code which
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42 manipulated keymaps with list or array manipulation functions will no
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43 longer work. It must use the functions @code{define-key} or
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44 @code{map-keymap} and @code{set-keymap-parent} (the new keymap
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45 functions). @xref{Key Bindings} for more information.
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46
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47 @item
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48 Input and display of all ISO-8859-1 characters is supported.
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49
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50 @item
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51 Multiple fonts, including variable-width fonts, and fonts of differing
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52 heights, are supported.
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53
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54 @item
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55 There is a new @file{tags} package and a new UNIX manual browsing
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56 package. They are similar to earlier versions; for more information look
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57 at the source code.
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58
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59 @item
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60 There is a new implementation of Dired, with many new features. The
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61 online info for Dired, @i{not} the Dired node of Emacs info, provides
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62 more detail.
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63
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64 @item
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65 GNUS (a network news reader), VM (an alternative mail reader), ILISP (a
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66 package for interacting with inferior Lisp processes), ANGE-FTP (a package
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67 for making FTP-accessible files appear just like files on the local disk,
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68 even to Dired), Calendar (an Emacs-based calendar and appointment-
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69 management tool), and W3 (an interface to the World Wide Web) are a part
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70 of the XEmacs Lisp library. See the related documentation in the
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71 online info browser.
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72
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73 @item
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74 Emacs now supports floating-point numbers.
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75
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76 @item
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77 When you send mail, mail aliases are now expanded in the buffer. In
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78 earlier versions, they were expanded after the mail-sending command was
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79 executed.
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80
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81 @item
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82 The initial value of @code{load-path} is computed when Emacs starts up,
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83 instead of being hardcoded in when Emacs is compiled. As a result, you
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84 can now move the Emacs executable and Lisp library to a
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85 different location in the file system without having to recompile.
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86
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87 @item
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88 Any existing subdirectories of the Emacs Lisp directory are now added to the
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89 @code{load-path} by default.
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90
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91 @item
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92 On some machines, you can change the audible bell using the
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93 @code{sound-alist} variable. @xref{Audible Bell} for more information.
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94
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95 @item
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96 You can use multiple X windows to display multiple Emacs frames.
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97
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98 @item
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99 You can use the X selection mechanism to copy material from other
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100 applications and into other applications. You can also use all Emacs
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101 region commands on a region selected with the mouse. @xref{Mouse
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102 Selection} for more information.
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103
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104 @item
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105 By default, the variable @code{zmacs-regions} is set to highlight the region
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106 between point and the mark. This unifies X selection and Emacs selection
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107 behavior.
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108
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109 @item
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110 XEmacs has a menu bar for mouse-controlled operations in addition to
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111 keystrokes. @xref{Pull-down Menus}.
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112
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113 @item
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114 You can look in the file @file{/usr/local/lib/xemacs-19.11/etc/Emacs.ad} for
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115 a list of Emacs X resources. You can set these resources in your X
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116 environment to set your preferences for color, fonts, location, and the size
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117 of XEmacs frames. Refer to your X documentation for more information
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118 about resources.
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119
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120 @unnumberedsec New Commands and Variables
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121
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122 There are many new functions in XEmacs, and many existing functions
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123 whose semantics have been expanded. Most of these are only of interest
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124 to the Emacs-Lisp programmer; see the NEWS file @kbd{C-h n} for a complete
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125 list. What follows is a partial list of the new interactive commands:
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126
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127 @findex byte-compile-and-load-file
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128 @findex byte-compile-buffer
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129 @item
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130 @code{byte-compile-and-load-file} and @code{byte-compile-buffer}
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131 byte-compile the contents of a file or buffer.
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132
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133 @findex conx
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134 The new @code{conx} function lets you generate random sentences for your
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135 amusement.
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136
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137 @findex compile-defun
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138 @item
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139 @code{compile-defun} compiles and evaluates the current top-level
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140 form.
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141
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142 @findex find-this-file
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143 @findex find-this-file-other-window
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144 @item
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145 @code{find-this-file} and @code{find-this-file-other-window} can be used
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146 interactively with a prefix argument to switch to the filename at point
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147 in the buffer. @code{find-this-file-other-window} displays the file in
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148 another window.
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149
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150 @findex invert-face
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151 @findex make-face-bold
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152 @findex make-face-bold-italic
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153 @findex make-face-italic
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154 @findex make-face-unbold
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155 @findex make-face-unitalic
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156 @findex set-face-background
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157 @findex set-face-background-pixmap
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158 @findex set-face-font
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159 @findex set-face-foreground
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160 @findex set-face-underline-p
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161 @item
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162 Several new functions have been added that allow you to customize the
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163 color and font attributes of a region of text: @code{invert-face},
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164 @code{make-face-bold}, @code{make-face-bold-italic},
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165 @code{make-face-italic}, @code{make-face-unbold},
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166 @code{make-face-unitalic}, @code{set-face-background},
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167 @code{set-face-background-pixmap}, @code{set-face-font},
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168 @code{set-face-foreground}, and @code{set-face-underline-p}.
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169
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170 @findex load-default-sounds
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171 @findex load-sound-file
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172 @findex play-sound
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173 @item
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174 @code{load-default-sounds} and @code{load-sound-file} allow you to
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175 customize the audible bell sound. @code{load-default-sounds} loads and
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176 installs sound files. @code{load-sound-file} reads in audio files and
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177 adds them to the sound alist. @code{play-sound} plays the specified
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178 sound type.
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179
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180 @findex locate-library
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181 @item
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182 @code{locate-library} finds the file that the function
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183 @code{load-library} loads, and it displays the file's full pathname.
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184
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185 @findex make-directory
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186 @findex remove-directory
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187 @item
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188 @code{make-directory} creates a directory, while @code{remove-directory}
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189 removes a directory.
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190
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191 @findex mark-beginning-of-buffer
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192 @findex mark-end-of-buffer
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193 @item
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194 @code{mark-beginning-of-buffer} and @code{mark-end-of-buffer} push the
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195 mark to the beginning or end of a buffer, respectively.
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196
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197 @findex mouse-del-char
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198 @findex mouse-delete-window
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199 @findex mouse-keep-one-window
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200 @findex mouse-kill-line
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201 @findex mouse-line-length
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202 @findex mouse-scroll
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203 @findex mouse-select
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204 @findex mouse-select-and-split
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205 @findex mouse-set-mark
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206 @findex mouse-set-point
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207 @findex mouse-track
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208 @findex mouse-track-adjust
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209 @findex mouse-track-and-copy-to-cutbuffer
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210 @findex mouse-track-delete-and-insert
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211 @findex mouse-track-insert
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212 @findex mouse-window-to-region
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213 Several functions have been added that allow you to perform various
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214 editing, region, and window operations using the mouse:
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215 @code{mouse-del-char}, @code{mouse-delete-window},
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216 @code{mouse-keep-one-window}, @code{mouse-kill-line},
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217 @code{mouse-line-length}, @code{mouse-scroll}, @code{mouse-select},
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218 @code{mouse-select-and-split}, @code{mouse-set-mark},
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219 @code{mouse-set-point}, @code{mouse-track}, @code{mouse-track-adjust},
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220 @code{mouse-track-and-copy-to-cutbuffer},
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221 @code{mouse-track-delete-and-insert}, @code{mouse-track-insert}, and
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222 @code{mouse-window-to-region}.
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223
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224 @findex compare-windows
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225 @item
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226 @code{compare-windows} takes an argument @var{ignore-whitespace}.
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227 The argument means ignore changes in whitespace.
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228
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229 @end itemize
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230
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231 You can conditionalize your @file{.emacs} file as follows so that XEmacs
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232 commands are invoked only when you are in XEmacs:
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233
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234 @cindex version number
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235 @example
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236 (cond ((string-match "Lucid" emacs-version)
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237 ;;
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238 ;; Code for any version of Lucid Emacs or XEmacs goes here
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239 ;;
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240 ))
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241
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242 (cond ((and (string-match "XEmacs" emacs-version)
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243 (or (> emacs-major-version 19)
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244 (>= emacs-minor-version 12)))
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245 ;;
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246 ;; Code which requires XEmacs version 19.12 or newer goes here
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247 ;;
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248 ))
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249
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250 (cond ((>= emacs-major-version 19)
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251 ;;
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252 ;; Code for any vintage-19 emacs goes here
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253 ;;
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254 ))
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255
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256 (cond ((and (not (string-match "Lucid" emacs-version))
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257 (= emacs-major-version 19))
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258 ;;
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259 ;; Code specific to FSF Emacs 19 (not XEmacs) goes here
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260 ;;
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261 ))
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262
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263 (cond ((< emacs-major-version 19)
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264 ;;
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265 ;; Code specific to emacs 18 goes here
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266 ;;
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267 ))
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268 @end example
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269
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270 Of particular interest for use in @file{.emacs} files are:
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271
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272 @itemize @bullet
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273 @findex add-menu
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274 @findex add-menu-item
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275 @findex delete-menu-item
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276 @findex disable-menu-item
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277 @findex enable-menu-item
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278 @findex relabel-menu-item
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279 @item
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280 @code{add-menu} lets you add a new menu to the menubar or a submenu to a
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281 pull-down menu. @code{add-menu-item}, @code{disable-menu-item},
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282 @code{delete-menu-item}, @code{enable-menu-item}, and
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283 @code{relabel-menu-item} allow you to customize the XEmacs
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284 pull-down menus.
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285
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286 @findex make-frame
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287 @item
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288 @code{make-frame} creates a new Emacs frame (X window).
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289
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290 @end itemize
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291
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292 These new variables are only present in XEmacs:
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293
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294 @itemize @bullet
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295
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296 @vindex minibuffer-confirm-incomplete
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297 @item
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298 @code{minibuffer-confirm-incomplete} prompts for confirmation in
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299 contexts where @code{completing-read} allows answers that are not valid
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300 completions.
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301
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302 @vindex x-mode-pointer-shape
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303 @vindex x-nontext-pointer-shape
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304 @vindex x-pointer-background-color
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305 @vindex x-pointer-foreground-color
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306 @vindex x-pointer-shape
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307 @item
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308 Several variables have been added that allow you to customize the color
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309 and shape of the mouse pointer: @code{x-pointer-background-color},
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310 @code{x-pointer-foreground-color}, @code{x-mode-pointer-shape},
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311 @code{x-pointer-shape}, and @* @code{x-nontext-pointer-shape}.
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312
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313 @vindex zmacs-regions
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314 @item
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315 @code{zmacs-regions} determines whether LISPM-style active regions
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316 should be used.
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317 @end itemize
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318
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319 @unnumberedsec Changes in Key Bindings
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320
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321 XEmacs has the following new default function keybindings:
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322
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323 @table @kbd
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324 @item @key{HELP}
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325 Same as @kbd{C-h}.
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326
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327 @item @key{UNDO}
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328 Same as @kbd{M-x undo}.
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329
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330 @item @key{CUT}
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331 Same as the Cut menu item; that is, it copies the selected text to
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332 the X Clipboard selection.
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333
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334 @item @key{COPY}
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335 Same as the Copy menu item.
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336
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337 @item @key{PASTE}
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338 Same as the Paste menu item.
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339
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340 @item @key{PGUP}
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341 Same as @kbd{M-v}.
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342
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343 @item @key{PGDN}
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344 Same as @kbd{C-v}.
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345
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346 @item @key{HOME}
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347 Same as @kbd{M-<}.
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348
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349 @item @key{END}
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350 Same as @kbd{M->}.
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351
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352 @item @key{LEFT-ARROW}
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353 Same as the function @code{backward-char}.
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354
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355 @item @key{RIGHT-ARROW}
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356 Same as the function @code{forward-char}.
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357
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358 @item @key{UP-ARROW}
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359 Same as the function @code{previous-line}.
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360
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361 @item @key{DOWN-ARROW}
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362 Same as the function @code{next-line}.
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363
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364 @end table
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365
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366
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367 @end iftex
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