Mercurial > hg > xemacs-beta
annotate man/xemacs/mark.texi @ 5353:38e24b8be4ea
Improve the lexical scoping in #'block, #'return-from.
lisp/ChangeLog addition:
2011-02-07 Aidan Kehoe <kehoea@parhasard.net>
* bytecomp.el:
* bytecomp.el (byte-compile-initial-macro-environment):
Shadow `block', `return-from' here, we implement them differently
when byte-compiling.
* bytecomp.el (byte-compile-active-blocks): New.
* bytecomp.el (byte-compile-block-1): New.
* bytecomp.el (byte-compile-return-from-1): New.
* bytecomp.el (return-from-1): New.
* bytecomp.el (block-1): New.
These are two aliases that exist to have their own associated
byte-compile functions, which functions implement `block' and
`return-from'.
* cl-extra.el (cl-macroexpand-all):
Fix a bug here when macros in the environment have been compiled.
* cl-macs.el (block):
* cl-macs.el (return):
* cl-macs.el (return-from):
Be more careful about lexical scope in these macros.
* cl.el:
* cl.el ('cl-block-wrapper): Removed.
* cl.el ('cl-block-throw): Removed.
These aren't needed in code generated by this XEmacs. They
shouldn't be needed in code generated by XEmacs 21.4, but if it
turns out the packages do need them, we can put them back.
2011-01-30 Mike Sperber <mike@xemacs.org>
* font-lock.el (font-lock-fontify-pending-extents): Don't fail if
`font-lock-mode' is unset, which can happen in the middle of
`revert-buffer'.
2011-01-23 Aidan Kehoe <kehoea@parhasard.net>
* cl-macs.el (delete):
* cl-macs.el (delq):
* cl-macs.el (remove):
* cl-macs.el (remq):
Don't use the compiler macro if these functions were given the
wrong number of arguments, as happens in lisp-tests.el.
* cl-seq.el (remove, remq): Removed.
I added these to subr.el, and forgot to remove them from here.
2011-01-22 Aidan Kehoe <kehoea@parhasard.net>
* bytecomp.el (byte-compile-setq, byte-compile-set):
Remove kludge allowing keywords' values to be set, all the code
that does that is gone.
* cl-compat.el (elt-satisfies-test-p):
* faces.el (set-face-parent):
* faces.el (face-doc-string):
* gtk-font-menu.el:
* gtk-font-menu.el (gtk-reset-device-font-menus):
* msw-font-menu.el:
* msw-font-menu.el (mswindows-reset-device-font-menus):
* package-get.el (package-get-installedp):
* select.el (select-convert-from-image-data):
* sound.el:
* sound.el (load-sound-file):
* x-font-menu.el (x-reset-device-font-menus-core):
Don't quote keywords, they're self-quoting, and the
win from backward-compatibility is sufficiently small now that the
style problem overrides it.
2011-01-22 Aidan Kehoe <kehoea@parhasard.net>
* cl-macs.el (block, return-from): Require that NAME be a symbol
in these macros, as always documented in the #'block docstring and
as required by Common Lisp.
* descr-text.el (unidata-initialize-unihan-database):
Correct the use of non-symbols in #'block and #'return-from in
this function.
2011-01-15 Aidan Kehoe <kehoea@parhasard.net>
* cl-extra.el (concatenate): Accept more complicated TYPEs in this
function, handing the sequences over to #'coerce if we don't
understand them here.
* cl-macs.el (inline): Don't proclaim #'concatenate as inline, its
compiler macro is more useful than doing that.
2011-01-11 Aidan Kehoe <kehoea@parhasard.net>
* subr.el (delete, delq, remove, remq): Move #'remove, #'remq
here, they don't belong in cl-seq.el; move #'delete, #'delq here
from fns.c, implement them in terms of #'delete*, allowing support
for sequences generally.
* update-elc.el (do-autoload-commands): Use #'delete*, not #'delq
here, now the latter's no longer dumped.
* cl-macs.el (delete, delq): Add compiler macros transforming
#'delete and #'delq to #'delete* calls.
2011-01-10 Aidan Kehoe <kehoea@parhasard.net>
* dialog.el (make-dialog-box): Correct a misplaced parenthesis
here, thank you Mats Lidell in 87zkr9gqrh.fsf@mail.contactor.se !
2011-01-02 Aidan Kehoe <kehoea@parhasard.net>
* dialog.el (make-dialog-box):
* list-mode.el (display-completion-list):
These functions used to use cl-parsing-keywords; change them to
use defun* instead, fixing the build. (Not sure what led to me
not including this change in d1b17a33450b!)
2011-01-02 Aidan Kehoe <kehoea@parhasard.net>
* cl-macs.el (define-star-compiler-macros):
Make sure the form has ITEM and LIST specified before attempting
to change to calls with explicit tests; necessary for some tests
in lisp-tests.el to compile correctly.
(stable-union, stable-intersection): Add compiler macros for these
functions, in the same way we do for most of the other functions
in cl-seq.el.
2011-01-01 Aidan Kehoe <kehoea@parhasard.net>
* cl-macs.el (dolist, dotimes, do-symbols, macrolet)
(symbol-macrolet):
Define these macros with defmacro* instead of parsing the argument
list by hand, for the sake of style and readability; use backquote
where appropriate, instead of calling #'list and and friends, for
the same reason.
2010-12-30 Aidan Kehoe <kehoea@parhasard.net>
* x-misc.el (device-x-display):
Provide this function, documented in the Lispref for years, but
not existing previously. Thank you Julian Bradfield, thank you
Jeff Mincy.
2010-12-30 Aidan Kehoe <kehoea@parhasard.net>
* cl-seq.el:
Move the heavy lifting from this file to C. Dump the
cl-parsing-keywords macro, but don't use defun* for the functions
we define that do take keywords, dynamic scope lossage makes that
not practical.
* subr.el (sort, fillarray): Move these aliases here.
(map-plist): #'nsublis is now built-in, but at this point #'eql
isn't necessarily available as a test; use #'eq.
* obsolete.el (cl-delete-duplicates): Make this available for old
compiler macros and old code.
(memql): Document that this is equivalent to #'member*, and worse.
* cl.el (adjoin, subst): Removed. These are in C.
2010-12-30 Aidan Kehoe <kehoea@parhasard.net>
* simple.el (assoc-ignore-case): Remove a duplicate definition of
this function (it's already in subr.el).
* iso8859-1.el (char-width):
On non-Mule, make this function equivalent to that produced by
(constantly 1), but preserve its docstring.
* subr.el (subst-char-in-string): Define this in terms of
#'substitute, #'nsubstitute.
(string-width): Define this using #'reduce and #'char-width.
(char-width): Give this a simpler definition, it makes far more
sense to check for mule at load time and redefine, as we do in
iso8859-1.el.
(store-substring): Implement this in terms of #'replace, now
#'replace is cheap.
2010-12-30 Aidan Kehoe <kehoea@parhasard.net>
* update-elc.el (lisp-files-needed-for-byte-compilation)
(lisp-files-needing-early-byte-compilation):
cl-macs belongs in the former, not the latter, it is as
fundamental as bytecomp.el.
2010-12-30 Aidan Kehoe <kehoea@parhasard.net>
* cl.el:
Provde the Common Lisp program-error, type-error as error
symbols. This doesn't nearly go far enough for anyone using the
Common Lisp errors.
2010-12-29 Aidan Kehoe <kehoea@parhasard.net>
* cl-macs.el (delete-duplicates):
If the form has an incorrect number of arguments, don't attempt a
compiler macroexpansion.
2010-12-29 Aidan Kehoe <kehoea@parhasard.net>
* cl-macs.el (cl-safe-expr-p):
Forms that start with the symbol lambda are also safe.
2010-12-29 Aidan Kehoe <kehoea@parhasard.net>
* cl-macs.el (= < > <= >=):
For these functions' compiler macros, the optimisation is safe
even if the first and the last arguments have side effects, since
they're only used the once.
2010-12-29 Aidan Kehoe <kehoea@parhasard.net>
* cl-macs.el (inline-side-effect-free-compiler-macros):
Unroll a loop here at macro-expansion time, so these compiler
macros are compiled. Use #'eql instead of #'eq in a couple of
places for better style.
2010-12-29 Aidan Kehoe <kehoea@parhasard.net>
* cl-extra.el (notany, notevery): Avoid some dynamic scope
stupidity with local variable names in these functions, when they
weren't prefixed with cl-; go into some more detail in the doc
strings.
2010-12-29 Aidan Kehoe <kehoea@parhasard.net>
* byte-optimize.el (side-effect-free-fns): #'remove, #'remq are
free of side-effects.
(side-effect-and-error-free-fns):
Drop dot, dot-marker from the list.
2010-11-17 Aidan Kehoe <kehoea@parhasard.net>
* cl-extra.el (coerce):
In the argument list, name the first argument OBJECT, not X; the
former name was always used in the doc string and is clearer.
Handle vector type specifications which include the length of the
target sequence, error if there's a mismatch.
* cl-macs.el (cl-make-type-test): Handle type specifications
starting with the symbol 'eql.
2010-11-14 Aidan Kehoe <kehoea@parhasard.net>
* cl-macs.el (eql): Don't remove the byte-compile property of this
symbol. That was necessary to override a bug in bytecomp.el where
#'eql was confused with #'eq, which bug we no longer have.
If neither expression is constant, don't attempt to handle the
expression in this compiler macro, leave it to byte-compile-eql,
which produces better code anyway.
* bytecomp.el (eq): #'eql is not the function associated with the
byte-eq byte code.
(byte-compile-eql): Add an explicit compile method for this
function, for cases where the cl-macs compiler macro hasn't
reduced it to #'eq or #'equal.
2010-10-25 Aidan Kehoe <kehoea@parhasard.net>
Add compiler macros and compilation sanity-checking for various
functions that take keywords.
* byte-optimize.el (side-effect-free-fns): #'symbol-value is
side-effect free and not error free.
* bytecomp.el (byte-compile-normal-call): Check keyword argument
lists for sanity; store information about the positions where
keyword arguments start using the new byte-compile-keyword-start
property.
* cl-macs.el (cl-const-expr-val): Take a new optional argument,
cl-not-constant, defaulting to nil, in this function; return it if
the expression is not constant.
(cl-non-fixnum-number-p): Make this into a separate function, we
want to pass it to #'every.
(eql): Use it.
(define-star-compiler-macros): Use the same code to generate the
member*, assoc* and rassoc* compiler macros; special-case some
code in #'add-to-list in subr.el.
(remove, remq): Add compiler macros for these two functions, in
preparation for #'remove being in C.
(define-foo-if-compiler-macros): Transform (remove-if-not ...) calls to
(remove ... :if-not) at compile time, which will be a real win
once the latter is in C.
(define-substitute-if-compiler-macros)
(define-subst-if-compiler-macros): Similarly for these functions.
(delete-duplicates): Change this compiler macro to use
#'plists-equal; if we don't have information about the type of
SEQUENCE at compile time, don't bother attempting to inline the
call, the function will be in C soon enough.
(equalp): Remove an old commented-out compiler macro for this, if
we want to see it it's in version control.
(subst-char-in-string): Transform this to a call to nsubstitute or
nsubstitute, if that is appropriate.
* cl.el (ldiff): Don't call setf here, this makes for a load-time
dependency problem in cl-macs.el
2010-06-14 Stephen J. Turnbull <stephen@xemacs.org>
* term/vt100.el:
Refer to XEmacs, not GNU Emacs, in permissions.
* term/bg-mouse.el:
* term/sup-mouse.el:
Put copyright notice in canonical "Copyright DATE AUTHOR" form.
Refer to XEmacs, not GNU Emacs, in permissions.
* site-load.el:
Add permission boilerplate.
* mule/canna-leim.el:
* alist.el:
Refer to XEmacs, not APEL/this program, in permissions.
* mule/canna-leim.el:
Remove my copyright, I've assigned it to the FSF.
2010-06-14 Stephen J. Turnbull <stephen@xemacs.org>
* gtk.el:
* gtk-widget-accessors.el:
* gtk-package.el:
* gtk-marshal.el:
* gtk-compose.el:
* gnome.el:
Add copyright notice based on internal evidence.
2010-06-14 Stephen J. Turnbull <stephen@xemacs.org>
* easymenu.el: Add reference to COPYING to permission notice.
* gutter.el:
* gutter-items.el:
* menubar-items.el:
Fix typo "Xmacs" in permissions notice.
2010-06-14 Stephen J. Turnbull <stephen@xemacs.org>
* auto-save.el:
* font.el:
* fontconfig.el:
* mule/kinsoku.el:
Add "part of XEmacs" text to permission notice.
2010-10-14 Aidan Kehoe <kehoea@parhasard.net>
* byte-optimize.el (side-effect-free-fns):
* cl-macs.el (remf, getf):
* cl-extra.el (tailp, cl-set-getf, cl-do-remf):
* cl.el (ldiff, endp):
Tighten up Common Lisp compatibility for #'ldiff, #'endp, #'tailp;
add circularity checking for the first two.
#'cl-set-getf and #'cl-do-remf were Lisp implementations of
#'plist-put and #'plist-remprop; change the names to aliases,
changes the macros that use them to using #'plist-put and
#'plist-remprop directly.
2010-10-12 Aidan Kehoe <kehoea@parhasard.net>
* abbrev.el (fundamental-mode-abbrev-table, global-abbrev-table):
Create both these abbrev tables using the usual
#'define-abbrev-table calls, rather than attempting to
special-case them.
* cl-extra.el: Force cl-macs to be loaded here, if cl-extra.el is
being loaded interpreted. Previously other, later files would
redundantly call (load "cl-macs") when interpreted, it's more
reasonable to do it here, once.
* cmdloop.el (read-quoted-char-radix): Use defcustom here, we
don't have any dump-order dependencies that would prevent that.
* custom.el (eval-when-compile): Don't load cl-macs when
interpreted or when byte-compiling, rely on cl-extra.el in the
former case and the appropriate entry in bytecomp-load-hook in the
latter. Get rid of custom-declare-variable-list, we have no
dump-time dependencies that would require it.
* faces.el (eval-when-compile): Don't load cl-macs when
interpreted or when byte-compiling.
* packages.el: Remove some inaccurate comments.
* post-gc.el (cleanup-simple-finalizers): Use #'delete-if-not
here, now the order of preloaded-file-list has been changed to
make it available.
* subr.el (custom-declare-variable-list): Remove. No need for it.
Also remove a stub define-abbrev-table from this file, given the
current order of preloaded-file-list there's no need for it.
2010-10-10 Aidan Kehoe <kehoea@parhasard.net>
* bytecomp.el (byte-compile-constp) Forms quoted with FUNCTION are
also constant.
(byte-compile-initial-macro-environment): In #'the, if FORM is
constant and does not match TYPE, warn at byte-compile time.
2010-10-10 Aidan Kehoe <kehoea@parhasard.net>
* backquote.el (bq-vector-contents, bq-list*): Remove; the former
is equivalent to (append VECTOR nil), the latter to (list* ...).
(bq-process-2): Use (append VECTOR nil) instead of using
#'bq-vector-contents to convert to a list.
(bq-process-1): Now we use list* instead of bq-list
* subr.el (list*): Moved from cl.el, since it is now required to
be available the first time a backquoted form is encountered.
* cl.el (list*): Move to subr.el.
2010-09-16 Aidan Kehoe <kehoea@parhasard.net>
* test-harness.el (Check-Message):
Add an omitted comma here, thank you the buildbot.
2010-09-16 Aidan Kehoe <kehoea@parhasard.net>
* hash-table.el (hash-table-key-list, hash-table-value-list)
(hash-table-key-value-alist, hash-table-key-value-plist):
Remove some useless #'nreverse calls in these files; our hash
tables have no order, it's not helpful to pretend they do.
* behavior.el (read-behavior):
Do the same in this file, in some code evidently copied from
hash-table.el.
2010-09-16 Aidan Kehoe <kehoea@parhasard.net>
* info.el (Info-insert-dir):
* format.el (format-deannotate-region):
* files.el (cd, save-buffers-kill-emacs):
Use #'some, #'every and related functions for applying boolean
operations to lists, instead of rolling our own ones that cons and
don't short-circuit.
2010-09-16 Aidan Kehoe <kehoea@parhasard.net>
* bytecomp.el (byte-compile-initial-macro-environment):
* cl-macs.el (the):
Rephrase the docstring, make its implementation when compiling
files a little nicer.
2010-09-16 Aidan Kehoe <kehoea@parhasard.net>
* descr-text.el (unidata-initialize-unicodedata-database)
(unidata-initialize-unihan-database, describe-char-unicode-data)
(describe-char-unicode-data):
Wrap calls to the database functions with (with-fboundp ...),
avoiding byte compile warnings on builds without support for the
database functions.
(describe-char): (reduce #'max ...), not (apply #'max ...), no
need to cons needlessly.
(describe-char): Remove a redundant lambda wrapping
#'extent-properties.
(describe-char-unicode-data): Call #'nsubst when replacing "" with
nil in the result of #'split-string, instead of consing inside
mapcar.
2010-09-16 Aidan Kehoe <kehoea@parhasard.net>
* x-faces.el (x-available-font-sizes):
* specifier.el (let-specifier):
* package-ui.el (pui-add-required-packages):
* msw-faces.el (mswindows-available-font-sizes):
* modeline.el (modeline-minor-mode-menu):
* minibuf.el (minibuf-directory-files):
Replace the O2N (delq nil (mapcar (lambda (W) (and X Y)) Z)) with
the ON (mapcan (lambda (W) (and X (list Y))) Z) in these files.
2010-09-16 Aidan Kehoe <kehoea@parhasard.net>
* cl-macs.el (= < > <= >=):
When these functions are handed more than two arguments, and those
arguments have no side effects, transform to a series of two
argument calls, avoiding funcall in the byte-compiled code.
* mule/mule-cmds.el (finish-set-language-environment):
Take advantage of this change in a function called 256 times at
startup.
2010-09-16 Aidan Kehoe <kehoea@parhasard.net>
* bytecomp.el (byte-compile-function-form, byte-compile-quote)
(byte-compile-quote-form):
Warn at compile time, and error at runtime, if a (quote ...) or a
(function ...) form attempts to quote more than one object.
2010-09-16 Aidan Kehoe <kehoea@parhasard.net>
* byte-optimize.el (byte-optimize-apply): Transform (apply 'nconc
(mapcar ...)) to (mapcan ...); warn about use of the first idiom.
* update-elc.el (do-autoload-commands):
* packages.el (packages-find-package-library-path):
* frame.el (frame-list):
* extents.el (extent-descendants):
* etags.el (buffer-tag-table-files):
* dumped-lisp.el (preloaded-file-list):
* device.el (device-list):
* bytecomp-runtime.el (proclaim-inline, proclaim-notinline)
Use #'mapcan, not (apply #'nconc (mapcar ...) in all these files.
* bytecomp-runtime.el (eval-when-compile, eval-and-compile):
In passing, mention that these macros also evaluate the body when
interpreted.
tests/ChangeLog addition:
2011-02-07 Aidan Kehoe <kehoea@parhasard.net>
* automated/lisp-tests.el:
Test lexical scope for `block', `return-from'; add a
Known-Bug-Expect-Failure for a contorted example that fails when
byte-compiled.
| author | Aidan Kehoe <kehoea@parhasard.net> |
|---|---|
| date | Mon, 07 Feb 2011 12:01:24 +0000 |
| parents | 3ecd8885ac67 |
| children |
| rev | line source |
|---|---|
| 428 | 1 |
| 2 @node Mark, Mouse Selection, Help, Top | |
| 3 @chapter Selecting Text | |
| 4 @cindex mark | |
| 5 @cindex region | |
| 6 | |
| 7 Many Emacs commands operate on an arbitrary contiguous | |
| 8 part of the current buffer. You can select text in two ways: | |
| 9 | |
| 10 @itemize @bullet | |
| 11 @item | |
| 12 You use special keys to select text by defining a region between point | |
| 13 and the mark. | |
| 14 @item | |
| 15 If you are running XEmacs under X, you can also select text | |
| 16 with the mouse. | |
| 17 @end itemize | |
| 18 | |
| 19 @section The Mark and the Region | |
| 20 To specify the text for a command to operate on, set @dfn{the | |
| 21 mark} at one end of it, and move point to the other end. The text | |
| 22 between point and the mark is called @dfn{the region}. You can move | |
| 23 point or the mark to adjust the boundaries of the region. It doesn't | |
| 24 matter which one is set first chronologically, or which one comes | |
| 25 earlier in the text. | |
| 26 | |
| 27 Once the mark has been set, it remains until it is set again at | |
| 28 another place. The mark remains fixed with respect to the preceding | |
| 29 character if text is inserted or deleted in a buffer. Each Emacs | |
| 30 buffer has its own mark; when you return to a buffer that had been | |
| 31 selected previously, it has the same mark it had before. | |
| 32 | |
| 33 Many commands that insert text, such as @kbd{C-y} (@code{yank}) and | |
| 34 @kbd{M-x insert-buffer}, position the mark at one end of the inserted | |
| 35 text---the opposite end from where point is positioned, so that the region | |
| 36 contains the text just inserted. | |
| 37 | |
| 38 Aside from delimiting the region, the mark is useful for marking | |
| 39 a spot that you may want to go back to. To make this feature more useful, | |
| 40 Emacs remembers 16 previous locations of the mark in the @code{mark ring}. | |
| 41 | |
| 42 @menu | |
| 43 * Setting Mark:: Commands to set the mark. | |
| 44 * Using Region:: Summary of ways to operate on contents of the region. | |
| 45 * Marking Objects:: Commands to put region around textual units. | |
| 46 * Mark Ring:: Previous mark positions saved so you can go back there. | |
| 47 @end menu | |
| 48 | |
| 49 @node Setting Mark, Using Region, Mark, Mark | |
| 50 @subsection Setting the Mark | |
| 51 | |
| 52 Here are some commands for setting the mark: | |
| 53 | |
| 54 @c WideCommands | |
| 55 @table @kbd | |
| 56 @item C-@key{SPC} | |
| 57 Set the mark where point is (@code{set-mark-command}). | |
| 58 @item C-@@ | |
| 59 The same. | |
| 60 @item C-x C-x | |
| 61 Interchange mark and point (@code{exchange-point-and-mark}). | |
| 62 @item C-< | |
| 63 Pushes a mark at the beginning of the buffer. | |
| 64 @item C-> | |
| 65 Pushes a mark at the end of the buffer. | |
| 66 @end table | |
| 67 | |
| 68 For example, to convert part of the buffer to all | |
| 69 upper-case, you can use the @kbd{C-x C-u} (@code{upcase-region}) | |
| 70 command, which operates on the text in the region. First go to the | |
| 71 beginning of the text you want to capitalize and type @kbd{C-@key{SPC}} to | |
| 72 put the mark there, then move to the end, and then type @kbd{C-x C-u} to | |
| 73 capitalize the selected region. You can also set the mark at the end of the | |
| 74 text, move to the beginning, and then type @kbd{C-x C-u}. Most commands | |
| 75 that operate on the text in the region have the word @code{region} in | |
| 76 their names. | |
| 77 | |
| 78 @kindex C-SPC | |
| 79 @findex set-mark-command | |
| 80 The most common way to set the mark is with the @kbd{C-@key{SPC}} | |
| 81 command (@code{set-mark-command}). This command sets the mark where | |
| 82 point is. You can then move point away, leaving the mark behind. It is | |
| 83 actually incorrect to speak of the character @kbd{C-@key{SPC}}; there is | |
| 84 no such character. When you type @key{SPC} while holding down | |
| 85 @key{CTRL}, you get the character @kbd{C-@@} on most terminals. This | |
| 86 character is actually bound to @code{set-mark-command}. But unless you are | |
| 87 unlucky enough to have a terminal where typing @kbd{C-@key{SPC}} does | |
| 88 not produce @kbd{C-@@}, you should think of this character as | |
| 89 @kbd{C-@key{SPC}}. | |
| 90 | |
| 91 @kindex C-x C-x | |
| 92 @findex exchange-point-and-mark | |
| 93 Since terminals have only one cursor, Emacs cannot show you where the | |
| 94 mark is located. Most people use the mark soon after they set it, before | |
| 95 they forget where it is. But you can see where the mark is with the | |
| 96 command @kbd{C-x C-x} (@code{exchange-point-and-mark}) which puts the | |
| 97 mark where point was and point where the mark was. The extent of the | |
| 98 region is unchanged, but the cursor and point are now at the previous | |
| 99 location of the mark. | |
| 100 | |
| 101 @kindex C-< | |
| 102 @kindex C-> | |
| 103 @findex mark-beginning-of-buffer | |
| 104 @findex mark-end-of-buffer | |
| 105 Another way to set the mark is to push the mark to the beginning of a | |
| 106 buffer while leaving point at its original location. If you supply an | |
| 107 argument to @kbd{C-<} (@code{mark-beginning-of-buffer}), the mark is pushed | |
| 108 @var{n}/10 of the way from the true beginning of the buffer. You can | |
| 109 also set the mark at the end of a buffer with @kbd{C->} | |
| 110 (@code{mark-end-of-buffer}). It pushes the mark to the end of the buffer, | |
| 111 leaving point alone. Supplying an argument to the command pushes the mark | |
| 112 @var{n}/10 of the way from the true end of the buffer. | |
| 113 | |
| 114 If you are using XEmacs under the X window system, you can set | |
| 115 the variable @code{zmacs-regions} to @code{t}. This makes the current | |
| 116 region (defined by point and mark) highlight and makes it available as | |
| 117 the X clipboard selection, which means you can use the menu bar items on | |
| 118 it. @xref{Active Regions}, for more information. | |
| 119 | |
| 120 @kbd{C-x C-x} is also useful when you are satisfied with the location of | |
| 121 point but want to move the mark; do @kbd{C-x C-x} to put point there and | |
| 122 then you can move it. A second use of @kbd{C-x C-x}, if necessary, puts | |
| 123 the mark at the new location with point back at its original location. | |
| 124 | |
| 125 @node Using Region, Marking Objects, Setting Mark, Mark | |
| 126 @subsection Operating on the Region | |
| 127 | |
| 128 Once you have created an active region, you can do many things to | |
| 129 the text in it: | |
| 130 @itemize @bullet | |
| 131 @item | |
| 132 Kill it with @kbd{C-w} (@pxref{Killing}). | |
| 133 @item | |
| 134 Save it in a register with @kbd{C-x r s} (@pxref{Registers}). | |
| 135 @item | |
| 136 Save it in a buffer or a file (@pxref{Accumulating Text}). | |
| 137 @item | |
| 138 Convert case with @kbd{C-x C-l} or @kbd{C-x C-u} @*(@pxref{Case}). | |
| 139 @item | |
| 140 Evaluate it as Lisp code with @kbd{M-x eval-region} (@pxref{Lisp Eval}). | |
| 141 @item | |
| 142 Fill it as text with @kbd{M-q} (@pxref{Filling}). | |
| 143 @item | |
| 144 Print hardcopy with @kbd{M-x print-region} (@pxref{Hardcopy}). | |
| 145 @item | |
| 146 Indent it with @kbd{C-x @key{TAB}} or @kbd{C-M-\} (@pxref{Indentation}). | |
| 147 @end itemize | |
| 148 | |
| 149 @node Marking Objects, Mark Ring, Using Region, Mark | |
| 150 @subsection Commands to Mark Textual Objects | |
| 151 | |
| 152 There are commands for placing point and the mark around a textual | |
| 153 object such as a word, list, paragraph or page. | |
| 154 | |
| 155 @table @kbd | |
| 156 @item M-@@ | |
| 157 Set mark after end of next word (@code{mark-word}). This command and | |
| 158 the following one do not move point. | |
| 159 @item C-M-@@ | |
| 160 Set mark after end of next Lisp expression (@code{mark-sexp}). | |
| 161 @item M-h | |
| 162 Put region around current paragraph (@code{mark-paragraph}). | |
| 163 @item C-M-h | |
| 164 Put region around current Lisp defun (@code{mark-defun}). | |
| 165 @item C-x h | |
| 166 Put region around entire buffer (@code{mark-whole-buffer}). | |
| 167 @item C-x C-p | |
| 168 Put region around current page (@code{mark-page}). | |
| 169 @end table | |
| 170 | |
| 171 @kindex M-@@ | |
| 172 @kindex C-M-@@ | |
| 173 @findex mark-word | |
| 174 @findex mark-sexp | |
| 175 @kbd{M-@@} (@code{mark-word}) puts the mark at the end of the next word, | |
| 176 while @kbd{C-M-@@} (@code{mark-sexp}) puts it at the end of the next Lisp | |
| 177 expression. These characters sometimes save you some typing. | |
| 178 | |
| 179 @kindex M-h | |
| 180 @kindex C-M-h | |
| 181 @kindex C-x C-p | |
| 182 @kindex C-x h | |
| 183 @findex mark-paragraph | |
| 184 @findex mark-defun | |
| 185 @findex mark-page | |
| 186 @findex mark-whole-buffer | |
| 187 A number of commands are available that set both point and mark and | |
| 188 thus delimit an object in the buffer. @kbd{M-h} (@code{mark-paragraph}) | |
| 189 moves point to the beginning of the paragraph that surrounds or follows | |
| 190 point, and puts the mark at the end of that paragraph | |
| 191 (@pxref{Paragraphs}). You can then indent, case-convert, or kill the | |
| 192 whole paragraph. In the same fashion, @kbd{C-M-h} (@code{mark-defun}) | |
| 193 puts point before and the mark after the current or following defun | |
| 194 (@pxref{Defuns}). @kbd{C-x C-p} (@code{mark-page}) puts point before | |
| 195 the current page (or the next or previous, depending on the argument), | |
| 196 and mark at the end (@pxref{Pages}). The mark goes after the | |
| 197 terminating page delimiter (to include it), while point goes after the | |
| 198 preceding page delimiter (to exclude it). Finally, @kbd{C-x h} | |
| 199 (@code{mark-whole-buffer}) sets up the entire buffer as the region by | |
| 200 putting point at the beginning and the mark at the end. | |
| 201 | |
| 202 @node Mark Ring,, Marking Objects, Mark | |
| 203 @subsection The Mark Ring | |
| 204 | |
| 205 @kindex C-u C-SPC | |
| 206 @cindex mark ring | |
| 207 @kindex C-u C-@@ | |
| 208 Aside from delimiting the region, the mark is also useful for marking | |
| 209 a spot that you may want to go back to. To make this feature more | |
| 210 useful, Emacs remembers 16 previous locations of the mark in the | |
| 211 @dfn{mark ring}. Most commands that set the mark push the old mark onto | |
| 212 this ring. To return to a marked location, use @kbd{C-u C-@key{SPC}} | |
| 213 (or @kbd{C-u C-@@}); this is the command @code{set-mark-command} given a | |
| 214 numeric argument. The command moves point to where the mark was, and | |
| 215 restores the mark from the ring of former marks. Repeated use of this | |
| 216 command moves point to all the old marks on the ring, one by one. | |
| 217 The marks you have seen go to the end of the ring, so no marks are lost. | |
| 218 | |
| 219 Each buffer has its own mark ring. All editing commands use the current | |
| 220 buffer's mark ring. In particular, @kbd{C-u C-@key{SPC}} always stays in | |
| 221 the same buffer. | |
| 222 | |
| 223 Many commands that can move long distances, such as @kbd{M-<} | |
| 224 (@code{beginning-of-buffer}), start by setting the mark and saving the | |
| 225 old mark on the mark ring. This makes it easier for you to move back | |
| 226 later. Searches set the mark, unless they do not actually move point. | |
| 227 When a command sets the mark, @samp{Mark Set} is printed in the | |
| 228 echo area. | |
| 229 | |
| 230 @vindex mark-ring-max | |
| 231 The variable @code{mark-ring-max} is the maximum number of entries to | |
| 232 keep in the mark ring. If that many entries exist and another entry is | |
| 233 added, the last entry in the list is discarded. Repeating @kbd{C-u | |
| 234 C-@key{SPC}} circulates through the entries that are currently in the | |
| 235 ring. | |
| 236 | |
| 237 @vindex mark-ring | |
| 238 The variable @code{mark-ring} holds the mark ring itself, as a list of | |
| 239 marker objects in the order most recent first. This variable is local | |
| 240 in every buffer. |