Mercurial > hg > xemacs-beta
annotate man/new-users-guide/enter.texi @ 5353:38e24b8be4ea
Improve the lexical scoping in #'block, #'return-from.
lisp/ChangeLog addition:
2011-02-07 Aidan Kehoe <kehoea@parhasard.net>
* bytecomp.el:
* bytecomp.el (byte-compile-initial-macro-environment):
Shadow `block', `return-from' here, we implement them differently
when byte-compiling.
* bytecomp.el (byte-compile-active-blocks): New.
* bytecomp.el (byte-compile-block-1): New.
* bytecomp.el (byte-compile-return-from-1): New.
* bytecomp.el (return-from-1): New.
* bytecomp.el (block-1): New.
These are two aliases that exist to have their own associated
byte-compile functions, which functions implement `block' and
`return-from'.
* cl-extra.el (cl-macroexpand-all):
Fix a bug here when macros in the environment have been compiled.
* cl-macs.el (block):
* cl-macs.el (return):
* cl-macs.el (return-from):
Be more careful about lexical scope in these macros.
* cl.el:
* cl.el ('cl-block-wrapper): Removed.
* cl.el ('cl-block-throw): Removed.
These aren't needed in code generated by this XEmacs. They
shouldn't be needed in code generated by XEmacs 21.4, but if it
turns out the packages do need them, we can put them back.
2011-01-30 Mike Sperber <mike@xemacs.org>
* font-lock.el (font-lock-fontify-pending-extents): Don't fail if
`font-lock-mode' is unset, which can happen in the middle of
`revert-buffer'.
2011-01-23 Aidan Kehoe <kehoea@parhasard.net>
* cl-macs.el (delete):
* cl-macs.el (delq):
* cl-macs.el (remove):
* cl-macs.el (remq):
Don't use the compiler macro if these functions were given the
wrong number of arguments, as happens in lisp-tests.el.
* cl-seq.el (remove, remq): Removed.
I added these to subr.el, and forgot to remove them from here.
2011-01-22 Aidan Kehoe <kehoea@parhasard.net>
* bytecomp.el (byte-compile-setq, byte-compile-set):
Remove kludge allowing keywords' values to be set, all the code
that does that is gone.
* cl-compat.el (elt-satisfies-test-p):
* faces.el (set-face-parent):
* faces.el (face-doc-string):
* gtk-font-menu.el:
* gtk-font-menu.el (gtk-reset-device-font-menus):
* msw-font-menu.el:
* msw-font-menu.el (mswindows-reset-device-font-menus):
* package-get.el (package-get-installedp):
* select.el (select-convert-from-image-data):
* sound.el:
* sound.el (load-sound-file):
* x-font-menu.el (x-reset-device-font-menus-core):
Don't quote keywords, they're self-quoting, and the
win from backward-compatibility is sufficiently small now that the
style problem overrides it.
2011-01-22 Aidan Kehoe <kehoea@parhasard.net>
* cl-macs.el (block, return-from): Require that NAME be a symbol
in these macros, as always documented in the #'block docstring and
as required by Common Lisp.
* descr-text.el (unidata-initialize-unihan-database):
Correct the use of non-symbols in #'block and #'return-from in
this function.
2011-01-15 Aidan Kehoe <kehoea@parhasard.net>
* cl-extra.el (concatenate): Accept more complicated TYPEs in this
function, handing the sequences over to #'coerce if we don't
understand them here.
* cl-macs.el (inline): Don't proclaim #'concatenate as inline, its
compiler macro is more useful than doing that.
2011-01-11 Aidan Kehoe <kehoea@parhasard.net>
* subr.el (delete, delq, remove, remq): Move #'remove, #'remq
here, they don't belong in cl-seq.el; move #'delete, #'delq here
from fns.c, implement them in terms of #'delete*, allowing support
for sequences generally.
* update-elc.el (do-autoload-commands): Use #'delete*, not #'delq
here, now the latter's no longer dumped.
* cl-macs.el (delete, delq): Add compiler macros transforming
#'delete and #'delq to #'delete* calls.
2011-01-10 Aidan Kehoe <kehoea@parhasard.net>
* dialog.el (make-dialog-box): Correct a misplaced parenthesis
here, thank you Mats Lidell in 87zkr9gqrh.fsf@mail.contactor.se !
2011-01-02 Aidan Kehoe <kehoea@parhasard.net>
* dialog.el (make-dialog-box):
* list-mode.el (display-completion-list):
These functions used to use cl-parsing-keywords; change them to
use defun* instead, fixing the build. (Not sure what led to me
not including this change in d1b17a33450b!)
2011-01-02 Aidan Kehoe <kehoea@parhasard.net>
* cl-macs.el (define-star-compiler-macros):
Make sure the form has ITEM and LIST specified before attempting
to change to calls with explicit tests; necessary for some tests
in lisp-tests.el to compile correctly.
(stable-union, stable-intersection): Add compiler macros for these
functions, in the same way we do for most of the other functions
in cl-seq.el.
2011-01-01 Aidan Kehoe <kehoea@parhasard.net>
* cl-macs.el (dolist, dotimes, do-symbols, macrolet)
(symbol-macrolet):
Define these macros with defmacro* instead of parsing the argument
list by hand, for the sake of style and readability; use backquote
where appropriate, instead of calling #'list and and friends, for
the same reason.
2010-12-30 Aidan Kehoe <kehoea@parhasard.net>
* x-misc.el (device-x-display):
Provide this function, documented in the Lispref for years, but
not existing previously. Thank you Julian Bradfield, thank you
Jeff Mincy.
2010-12-30 Aidan Kehoe <kehoea@parhasard.net>
* cl-seq.el:
Move the heavy lifting from this file to C. Dump the
cl-parsing-keywords macro, but don't use defun* for the functions
we define that do take keywords, dynamic scope lossage makes that
not practical.
* subr.el (sort, fillarray): Move these aliases here.
(map-plist): #'nsublis is now built-in, but at this point #'eql
isn't necessarily available as a test; use #'eq.
* obsolete.el (cl-delete-duplicates): Make this available for old
compiler macros and old code.
(memql): Document that this is equivalent to #'member*, and worse.
* cl.el (adjoin, subst): Removed. These are in C.
2010-12-30 Aidan Kehoe <kehoea@parhasard.net>
* simple.el (assoc-ignore-case): Remove a duplicate definition of
this function (it's already in subr.el).
* iso8859-1.el (char-width):
On non-Mule, make this function equivalent to that produced by
(constantly 1), but preserve its docstring.
* subr.el (subst-char-in-string): Define this in terms of
#'substitute, #'nsubstitute.
(string-width): Define this using #'reduce and #'char-width.
(char-width): Give this a simpler definition, it makes far more
sense to check for mule at load time and redefine, as we do in
iso8859-1.el.
(store-substring): Implement this in terms of #'replace, now
#'replace is cheap.
2010-12-30 Aidan Kehoe <kehoea@parhasard.net>
* update-elc.el (lisp-files-needed-for-byte-compilation)
(lisp-files-needing-early-byte-compilation):
cl-macs belongs in the former, not the latter, it is as
fundamental as bytecomp.el.
2010-12-30 Aidan Kehoe <kehoea@parhasard.net>
* cl.el:
Provde the Common Lisp program-error, type-error as error
symbols. This doesn't nearly go far enough for anyone using the
Common Lisp errors.
2010-12-29 Aidan Kehoe <kehoea@parhasard.net>
* cl-macs.el (delete-duplicates):
If the form has an incorrect number of arguments, don't attempt a
compiler macroexpansion.
2010-12-29 Aidan Kehoe <kehoea@parhasard.net>
* cl-macs.el (cl-safe-expr-p):
Forms that start with the symbol lambda are also safe.
2010-12-29 Aidan Kehoe <kehoea@parhasard.net>
* cl-macs.el (= < > <= >=):
For these functions' compiler macros, the optimisation is safe
even if the first and the last arguments have side effects, since
they're only used the once.
2010-12-29 Aidan Kehoe <kehoea@parhasard.net>
* cl-macs.el (inline-side-effect-free-compiler-macros):
Unroll a loop here at macro-expansion time, so these compiler
macros are compiled. Use #'eql instead of #'eq in a couple of
places for better style.
2010-12-29 Aidan Kehoe <kehoea@parhasard.net>
* cl-extra.el (notany, notevery): Avoid some dynamic scope
stupidity with local variable names in these functions, when they
weren't prefixed with cl-; go into some more detail in the doc
strings.
2010-12-29 Aidan Kehoe <kehoea@parhasard.net>
* byte-optimize.el (side-effect-free-fns): #'remove, #'remq are
free of side-effects.
(side-effect-and-error-free-fns):
Drop dot, dot-marker from the list.
2010-11-17 Aidan Kehoe <kehoea@parhasard.net>
* cl-extra.el (coerce):
In the argument list, name the first argument OBJECT, not X; the
former name was always used in the doc string and is clearer.
Handle vector type specifications which include the length of the
target sequence, error if there's a mismatch.
* cl-macs.el (cl-make-type-test): Handle type specifications
starting with the symbol 'eql.
2010-11-14 Aidan Kehoe <kehoea@parhasard.net>
* cl-macs.el (eql): Don't remove the byte-compile property of this
symbol. That was necessary to override a bug in bytecomp.el where
#'eql was confused with #'eq, which bug we no longer have.
If neither expression is constant, don't attempt to handle the
expression in this compiler macro, leave it to byte-compile-eql,
which produces better code anyway.
* bytecomp.el (eq): #'eql is not the function associated with the
byte-eq byte code.
(byte-compile-eql): Add an explicit compile method for this
function, for cases where the cl-macs compiler macro hasn't
reduced it to #'eq or #'equal.
2010-10-25 Aidan Kehoe <kehoea@parhasard.net>
Add compiler macros and compilation sanity-checking for various
functions that take keywords.
* byte-optimize.el (side-effect-free-fns): #'symbol-value is
side-effect free and not error free.
* bytecomp.el (byte-compile-normal-call): Check keyword argument
lists for sanity; store information about the positions where
keyword arguments start using the new byte-compile-keyword-start
property.
* cl-macs.el (cl-const-expr-val): Take a new optional argument,
cl-not-constant, defaulting to nil, in this function; return it if
the expression is not constant.
(cl-non-fixnum-number-p): Make this into a separate function, we
want to pass it to #'every.
(eql): Use it.
(define-star-compiler-macros): Use the same code to generate the
member*, assoc* and rassoc* compiler macros; special-case some
code in #'add-to-list in subr.el.
(remove, remq): Add compiler macros for these two functions, in
preparation for #'remove being in C.
(define-foo-if-compiler-macros): Transform (remove-if-not ...) calls to
(remove ... :if-not) at compile time, which will be a real win
once the latter is in C.
(define-substitute-if-compiler-macros)
(define-subst-if-compiler-macros): Similarly for these functions.
(delete-duplicates): Change this compiler macro to use
#'plists-equal; if we don't have information about the type of
SEQUENCE at compile time, don't bother attempting to inline the
call, the function will be in C soon enough.
(equalp): Remove an old commented-out compiler macro for this, if
we want to see it it's in version control.
(subst-char-in-string): Transform this to a call to nsubstitute or
nsubstitute, if that is appropriate.
* cl.el (ldiff): Don't call setf here, this makes for a load-time
dependency problem in cl-macs.el
2010-06-14 Stephen J. Turnbull <stephen@xemacs.org>
* term/vt100.el:
Refer to XEmacs, not GNU Emacs, in permissions.
* term/bg-mouse.el:
* term/sup-mouse.el:
Put copyright notice in canonical "Copyright DATE AUTHOR" form.
Refer to XEmacs, not GNU Emacs, in permissions.
* site-load.el:
Add permission boilerplate.
* mule/canna-leim.el:
* alist.el:
Refer to XEmacs, not APEL/this program, in permissions.
* mule/canna-leim.el:
Remove my copyright, I've assigned it to the FSF.
2010-06-14 Stephen J. Turnbull <stephen@xemacs.org>
* gtk.el:
* gtk-widget-accessors.el:
* gtk-package.el:
* gtk-marshal.el:
* gtk-compose.el:
* gnome.el:
Add copyright notice based on internal evidence.
2010-06-14 Stephen J. Turnbull <stephen@xemacs.org>
* easymenu.el: Add reference to COPYING to permission notice.
* gutter.el:
* gutter-items.el:
* menubar-items.el:
Fix typo "Xmacs" in permissions notice.
2010-06-14 Stephen J. Turnbull <stephen@xemacs.org>
* auto-save.el:
* font.el:
* fontconfig.el:
* mule/kinsoku.el:
Add "part of XEmacs" text to permission notice.
2010-10-14 Aidan Kehoe <kehoea@parhasard.net>
* byte-optimize.el (side-effect-free-fns):
* cl-macs.el (remf, getf):
* cl-extra.el (tailp, cl-set-getf, cl-do-remf):
* cl.el (ldiff, endp):
Tighten up Common Lisp compatibility for #'ldiff, #'endp, #'tailp;
add circularity checking for the first two.
#'cl-set-getf and #'cl-do-remf were Lisp implementations of
#'plist-put and #'plist-remprop; change the names to aliases,
changes the macros that use them to using #'plist-put and
#'plist-remprop directly.
2010-10-12 Aidan Kehoe <kehoea@parhasard.net>
* abbrev.el (fundamental-mode-abbrev-table, global-abbrev-table):
Create both these abbrev tables using the usual
#'define-abbrev-table calls, rather than attempting to
special-case them.
* cl-extra.el: Force cl-macs to be loaded here, if cl-extra.el is
being loaded interpreted. Previously other, later files would
redundantly call (load "cl-macs") when interpreted, it's more
reasonable to do it here, once.
* cmdloop.el (read-quoted-char-radix): Use defcustom here, we
don't have any dump-order dependencies that would prevent that.
* custom.el (eval-when-compile): Don't load cl-macs when
interpreted or when byte-compiling, rely on cl-extra.el in the
former case and the appropriate entry in bytecomp-load-hook in the
latter. Get rid of custom-declare-variable-list, we have no
dump-time dependencies that would require it.
* faces.el (eval-when-compile): Don't load cl-macs when
interpreted or when byte-compiling.
* packages.el: Remove some inaccurate comments.
* post-gc.el (cleanup-simple-finalizers): Use #'delete-if-not
here, now the order of preloaded-file-list has been changed to
make it available.
* subr.el (custom-declare-variable-list): Remove. No need for it.
Also remove a stub define-abbrev-table from this file, given the
current order of preloaded-file-list there's no need for it.
2010-10-10 Aidan Kehoe <kehoea@parhasard.net>
* bytecomp.el (byte-compile-constp) Forms quoted with FUNCTION are
also constant.
(byte-compile-initial-macro-environment): In #'the, if FORM is
constant and does not match TYPE, warn at byte-compile time.
2010-10-10 Aidan Kehoe <kehoea@parhasard.net>
* backquote.el (bq-vector-contents, bq-list*): Remove; the former
is equivalent to (append VECTOR nil), the latter to (list* ...).
(bq-process-2): Use (append VECTOR nil) instead of using
#'bq-vector-contents to convert to a list.
(bq-process-1): Now we use list* instead of bq-list
* subr.el (list*): Moved from cl.el, since it is now required to
be available the first time a backquoted form is encountered.
* cl.el (list*): Move to subr.el.
2010-09-16 Aidan Kehoe <kehoea@parhasard.net>
* test-harness.el (Check-Message):
Add an omitted comma here, thank you the buildbot.
2010-09-16 Aidan Kehoe <kehoea@parhasard.net>
* hash-table.el (hash-table-key-list, hash-table-value-list)
(hash-table-key-value-alist, hash-table-key-value-plist):
Remove some useless #'nreverse calls in these files; our hash
tables have no order, it's not helpful to pretend they do.
* behavior.el (read-behavior):
Do the same in this file, in some code evidently copied from
hash-table.el.
2010-09-16 Aidan Kehoe <kehoea@parhasard.net>
* info.el (Info-insert-dir):
* format.el (format-deannotate-region):
* files.el (cd, save-buffers-kill-emacs):
Use #'some, #'every and related functions for applying boolean
operations to lists, instead of rolling our own ones that cons and
don't short-circuit.
2010-09-16 Aidan Kehoe <kehoea@parhasard.net>
* bytecomp.el (byte-compile-initial-macro-environment):
* cl-macs.el (the):
Rephrase the docstring, make its implementation when compiling
files a little nicer.
2010-09-16 Aidan Kehoe <kehoea@parhasard.net>
* descr-text.el (unidata-initialize-unicodedata-database)
(unidata-initialize-unihan-database, describe-char-unicode-data)
(describe-char-unicode-data):
Wrap calls to the database functions with (with-fboundp ...),
avoiding byte compile warnings on builds without support for the
database functions.
(describe-char): (reduce #'max ...), not (apply #'max ...), no
need to cons needlessly.
(describe-char): Remove a redundant lambda wrapping
#'extent-properties.
(describe-char-unicode-data): Call #'nsubst when replacing "" with
nil in the result of #'split-string, instead of consing inside
mapcar.
2010-09-16 Aidan Kehoe <kehoea@parhasard.net>
* x-faces.el (x-available-font-sizes):
* specifier.el (let-specifier):
* package-ui.el (pui-add-required-packages):
* msw-faces.el (mswindows-available-font-sizes):
* modeline.el (modeline-minor-mode-menu):
* minibuf.el (minibuf-directory-files):
Replace the O2N (delq nil (mapcar (lambda (W) (and X Y)) Z)) with
the ON (mapcan (lambda (W) (and X (list Y))) Z) in these files.
2010-09-16 Aidan Kehoe <kehoea@parhasard.net>
* cl-macs.el (= < > <= >=):
When these functions are handed more than two arguments, and those
arguments have no side effects, transform to a series of two
argument calls, avoiding funcall in the byte-compiled code.
* mule/mule-cmds.el (finish-set-language-environment):
Take advantage of this change in a function called 256 times at
startup.
2010-09-16 Aidan Kehoe <kehoea@parhasard.net>
* bytecomp.el (byte-compile-function-form, byte-compile-quote)
(byte-compile-quote-form):
Warn at compile time, and error at runtime, if a (quote ...) or a
(function ...) form attempts to quote more than one object.
2010-09-16 Aidan Kehoe <kehoea@parhasard.net>
* byte-optimize.el (byte-optimize-apply): Transform (apply 'nconc
(mapcar ...)) to (mapcan ...); warn about use of the first idiom.
* update-elc.el (do-autoload-commands):
* packages.el (packages-find-package-library-path):
* frame.el (frame-list):
* extents.el (extent-descendants):
* etags.el (buffer-tag-table-files):
* dumped-lisp.el (preloaded-file-list):
* device.el (device-list):
* bytecomp-runtime.el (proclaim-inline, proclaim-notinline)
Use #'mapcan, not (apply #'nconc (mapcar ...) in all these files.
* bytecomp-runtime.el (eval-when-compile, eval-and-compile):
In passing, mention that these macros also evaluate the body when
interpreted.
tests/ChangeLog addition:
2011-02-07 Aidan Kehoe <kehoea@parhasard.net>
* automated/lisp-tests.el:
Test lexical scope for `block', `return-from'; add a
Known-Bug-Expect-Failure for a contorted example that fails when
byte-compiled.
| author | Aidan Kehoe <kehoea@parhasard.net> |
|---|---|
| date | Mon, 07 Feb 2011 12:01:24 +0000 |
| parents | 3ecd8885ac67 |
| children |
| rev | line source |
|---|---|
| 428 | 1 @comment node-name, next, previous, up |
| 2 @node Entering, Windows and Menus, Concept Index, Top | |
| 3 @chapter Entering and Exiting Emacs | |
| 4 @cindex buffer | |
| 5 @cindex file | |
| 6 @cindex windows | |
| 7 | |
| 8 While using Emacs you should be familiar with the following three terms: | |
| 9 | |
| 10 @table @asis | |
| 11 @item Buffer | |
| 12 A @b{buffer} is a region of memory holding characters. It is the basic | |
| 13 editing unit; one buffer corresponds to one piece of text being | |
| 14 edited. You can have multiple buffers but you can edit only one buffer | |
| 15 at any one time. For more information, @xref{Buffers,,,xemacs,XEmacs User's | |
| 16 Manual}. | |
| 17 | |
| 18 @item File | |
| 19 A @b{file} is a region of disk space holding characters. Emacs edits a file by | |
| 20 reading it into a buffer, editing that buffer and writing out the buffer | |
| 21 back to the file. To save your work permanently you have to write it to a file. | |
| 22 So after you load and work with a file, you have to save it back. | |
| 23 | |
| 24 @item Windows | |
| 25 A @b{window} is a rectangular region in which a buffer is displayed. You can | |
| 26 open multiple windows with multiple buffers and edit them by selecting the | |
| 27 corresponding buffer. Initially, when you start emacs, it will automatically | |
| 28 open up a window for you. | |
| 29 @end table | |
| 30 | |
| 31 @comment node-name, next, previous, up | |
| 32 @menu | |
| 33 * Enter:: Entering Emacs from the shell | |
| 34 * Frame:: Basic information about the XEmacs Frame | |
| 35 * Exiting:: Exiting Emacs | |
| 36 * Mode Line:: Interpreting the mode line. | |
| 37 * Echo Area:: Bottom of the frame where you interact | |
| 38 with Emacs. | |
| 39 @end menu | |
| 40 | |
| 41 @node Enter, Frame, Entering, Entering | |
| 42 @section Entering Emacs | |
| 43 @cindex entering Emacs | |
| 44 @cindex entering XEmacs | |
| 45 | |
| 46 To enter Emacs type @kbd{xemacs} and press the Return key at the | |
| 47 shell i.e. @kbd{xemacs @key{RET}}. | |
| 48 This will bring up an emacs window with @samp{*scratch*} as the default | |
| 49 buffer because Emacs must always have a buffer to work on. Then choose | |
| 50 the @b{Open...} option from the @b{File} menu on the menubar at the top | |
| 51 of the frame. It will prompt you to enter a filename. After you enter | |
| 52 the filename, Emacs will read that file into the current buffer. You can | |
| 53 also type : | |
| 54 @example | |
| 55 @kbd{xemacs <filename> @key{RET}} | |
| 56 @end example | |
| 57 directly which will bring up | |
| 58 an Emacs frame with the @dfn{filename} as the buffer. | |
| 59 | |
| 60 | |
| 61 @comment | |
| 62 @node Frame, Exiting, Enter, Entering | |
| 63 @section Emacs Frame | |
| 64 @cindex open another file | |
| 65 | |
| 66 When you run XEmacs under X, a menu bar on top of the Emacs frame | |
| 67 provides access to pull-down menus of file, edit, and help-related | |
| 68 commands. The menus only provide convenient shortcuts, the options that | |
| 69 they provide are available via key commands. You can invoke those | |
| 70 commands from the keyboard also. For many of the options, their | |
| 71 corresponding key commands are displayed right besides them. The five | |
| 72 default menus on the menubar that you will see on the frame are | |
| 73 @b{File}, @b{Edit}, @b{Options}, @b{Buffers} and @b{Help}. @xref{XEmacs | |
| 74 Pull-down Menus,,,xemacs,XEmacs User's Manual}, for detailed information on | |
| 75 the functions provided by the pull-down menus. | |
| 76 | |
| 77 The Emacs frame has a rectangle shaped box at the extreme right and you can | |
| 78 drag it up or down to scroll the window accordingly. Clicking on the | |
| 79 arrows also serves the same purpose. | |
| 80 | |
| 81 The last line in your window is @samp{the Mode line} which will give | |
| 82 you a description of what's going on in that particular | |
| 83 window. @xref{Mode Line}, for more | |
| 84 information. Below the mode line is the @samp{Echo area}. Emacs uses | |
| 85 this area to interact with the user. @xref{Echo Area}. | |
| 86 | |
| 87 If you wish to open another file in a new window after you enter | |
| 88 XEmacs, select @b{Open in New Frame...} from the @b{File} menu, which | |
| 89 will prompt you for a filename and open a new window with that filename | |
| 90 as the current buffer. If you want to open a new file in the same | |
| 91 window, select @b{Open..} from the @b{File} menu. You need to enter | |
| 92 XEmacs only once, you can edit multiple files by opening several other | |
| 93 frames or by switching between buffers. | |
| 94 | |
| 95 | |
| 96 @comment new section | |
| 97 @node Exiting, Mode Line, Frame, Entering | |
| 98 @section Exiting Emacs | |
| 99 @cindex exiting | |
| 100 @cindex killing Emacs | |
| 101 @cindex suspending | |
| 102 @cindex shrinking XEmacs frame | |
| 103 | |
| 104 There are two commands for exiting Emacs, one for @dfn{suspending} Emacs | |
| 105 and the other for @dfn{killing} Emacs. @dfn{Suspending} means stopping | |
| 106 Emacs temporarily and returning control to the shell, allowing you to | |
| 107 resume editing | |
| 108 later in the same Emacs job, with the same files, same kill ring, same | |
| 109 undo history, and so on. This is the usual way to exit. @dfn{Killing} | |
| 110 Emacs means destroying the Emacs job. You can run Emacs again later, | |
| 111 but you will get a fresh Emacs; there is no way to resume the same | |
| 112 editing session after it has been killed. | |
| 113 | |
| 114 @kindex C-z | |
| 115 @findex suspend-emacs | |
| 116 @kindex C-x C-c | |
| 117 @findex save-buffers-kill-emacs | |
| 118 | |
| 119 @table @kbd | |
| 120 @item C-z | |
| 121 Suspend Emacs (@code{suspend-emacs}). If used under the X window system, | |
| 122 this command will shrink the X window containing the Emacs frame to an | |
| 123 icon. Clicking on the icon will resume that Emacs process | |
| 124 again. @xref{Exiting Emacs,,,xemacs,XEmacs User's Manual}. | |
| 125 | |
| 126 @item C-x C-c | |
| 127 Kill Emacs (@code{save-buffers-kill-emacs}). You can also select | |
| 128 @b{Exit Emacs} option from the @b{File} menu to kill that Emacs | |
| 129 process. If you haven't saved the file, Emacs will ask you if you wish | |
| 130 to save the file before killing that process. | |
| 131 @end table | |
| 132 | |
| 133 | |
| 134 | |
| 135 @comment node-name, next, previous, up | |
| 136 @node Mode Line, Echo Area, Exiting, Entering | |
| 137 @section The Mode Line | |
| 138 @cindex mode line | |
| 139 @cindex top level | |
| 140 | |
| 141 When you enter XEmacs, each text window's last line is a @dfn{mode | |
| 142 line} which describes what is going on in that window. Normally, the | |
| 143 mode line looks like : | |
| 144 | |
| 145 @example | |
| 146 @cartouche | |
| 147 --@var{ch}-XEmacs: @var{buf} (@var{major} @var{minor})----@var{pos}------ | |
| 148 @end cartouche | |
| 149 @end example | |
| 150 | |
| 151 @noindent | |
| 152 This gives information about the buffer being displayed in the window: the | |
| 153 buffer's name, what major and minor modes are in use, whether the buffer's | |
| 154 text has been changed, and how far down the buffer you are currently | |
| 155 looking. | |
| 156 | |
| 157 The @var{ch} contains : | |
| 158 @table @samp | |
| 159 @item ** | |
| 160 if the text in the buffer has been edited | |
| 161 | |
| 162 @item -- | |
| 163 if the text in the buffer has not been edited | |
| 164 | |
| 165 @item %% | |
| 166 if the buffer is a read-only-buffer i.e. it cannot be edited | |
| 167 @end table | |
| 168 | |
| 169 @var{buf} is the name of the window's chosen @dfn{buffer}. If you are | |
| 170 editing a file (which is the selected buffer), the file name appears | |
| 171 in @var{buf}. @xref{Buffers,,,xemacs,XEmacs User's Manual}. | |
| 172 | |
| 173 @var{pos} contains : | |
| 174 @table @samp | |
| 175 @item All | |
| 176 if your entire file is visible on the screen. | |
| 177 @item Top | |
| 178 if you are looking at the beginning of the file. | |
| 179 @item Bot | |
| 180 if you are looking at the end of the file. | |
| 181 @item @var{nn}% | |
| 182 @var{nn} will be a number corresponding to the percentage of the file | |
| 183 above the top of the screen, for example @samp{52}, which means that 52% | |
| 184 of the file is above the top of the screen. | |
| 185 @end table | |
| 186 | |
| 187 @var{major} is the name of the @dfn{major mode} in effect in the | |
| 188 buffer. At any time, each buffer is in one and only one major mode. | |
| 189 The available major modes include Fundamental mode (the least | |
| 190 specialized), Text mode, Lisp mode, and C mode. @xref{Major | |
| 191 Modes,,,xemacs,XEmacs User's Manual}, for details on how the modes differ | |
| 192 and how you select one. | |
| 193 | |
| 194 @var{minor} is a list of some of the @dfn{minor modes} that are | |
| 195 turned on in the window's chosen buffer. For example, @samp{Fill} means | |
| 196 that Auto Fill mode is on which means that lines are broken | |
| 197 automatically when they become too wide. @xref{Minor | |
| 198 Modes,,,xemacs,XEmacs User's Manual}, for more information on various | |
| 199 minor modes and how to enable them. | |
| 200 | |
| 201 You can also display time in the mode line. @xref{The Mode | |
| 202 Line,,,xemacs,XEmacs User's Manual}, for more information regarding the | |
| 203 mode line. | |
| 204 | |
| 205 | |
| 206 @comment node-name, next, previous, up | |
| 207 @node Echo Area, , Mode Line, Entering | |
| 208 @section The Echo Area | |
| 209 @cindex echo area | |
| 210 | |
| 211 The line at the bottom of the frame (below the mode line) is the | |
| 212 @dfn{echo area}. Emacs uses this area to communicate with you: | |
| 213 | |
| 214 @itemize @bullet | |
| 215 @item | |
| 216 The @dfn{echo area} will print out the characters that you type. For | |
| 217 example, if you choose the @b{Open...} option from the @b{File} menu you | |
| 218 might get the following in the echo area: | |
| 219 | |
| 220 @example | |
| 221 Find file: /usr/lib/x11/ | |
| 222 @end example | |
| 223 | |
| 224 @noindent | |
| 225 Now you need to give a file name to open, for example if the file name | |
| 226 is @file{myfile}, you will type @file{myfile} after | |
| 227 @file{/usr/lib/x11/} and press the @key{Return} key. If you pause for | |
| 228 more than a second while typing, you will see the characters that you | |
| 229 type in the @dfn{echo area}. | |
| 230 @item | |
| 231 The @dfn{echo area} also prints error messages. For example, if you | |
| 232 misspell @samp{usr} and type @file{/urs/lib/x11/myfile} @key{RETURN} in | |
| 233 the above example you might get an error message. Since | |
| 234 Emacs will not be able to find the @file{/urs} | |
| 235 directory, the @dfn{echo area} will say: | |
| 236 | |
| 237 @example | |
| 238 @error{} Opening directory: no such file or directory, /urs/lib/x11/myfile | |
| 239 @end example | |
| 240 | |
| 241 @noindent | |
| 242 This error message will be accompanied by a beep. Some XEmacs commands | |
| 243 will print informative messages in the @dfn{echo area}. @xref{The Echo | |
| 244 Area,,,xemacs,XEmacs User's Manual}, for more information on the @dfn{echo | |
| 245 area}. | |
| 246 @end itemize | |
| 247 | |
| 248 | |
| 249 | |
| 250 | |
| 251 | |
| 252 |