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1 % Document Type: TeX
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2 % Master File: dired-ref.tex
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3 % TREE DIRED Reference Card for GNU Emacs version 18 on Unix systems
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4 %**start of header
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5 \newcount\columnsperpage
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6
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7 % This file can be printed with 1, 2, or 3 columns per page (see below).
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8 % Specify how many you want here. Nothing else needs to be changed.
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9
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10 \columnsperpage=1
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11
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12 % Copyright (c) 1991 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
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13
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14 % This file is part of GNU Emacs.
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15
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16 % This file is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
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17 % but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY. No author or distributor
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18 % accepts responsibility to anyone for the consequences of using it
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19 % or for whether it serves any particular purpose or describes
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20 % any piece of software unless they say so in writing. Refer to the
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21 % GNU Emacs General Public License for full details.
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22 %
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23 % Permission is granted to copy, modify and redistribute this source
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24 % file provided the copyright notice and permission notices are
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25 % preserved on all copies.
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26 %
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27 % Permission is granted to process this file through TeX and print the
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28 % results, provided the printed document carries copyright and
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29 % permission notices identical to the ones below.
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30
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31 % This file is intended to be processed by plain TeX (TeX82).
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32 %
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33 % The final reference card has six columns, three on each side.
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34 % This file can be used to produce it in any of three ways:
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35 % 1 column per page
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36 % produces six separate pages, each of which needs to be reduced to 80%.
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37 % This gives the best resolution.
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38 % 2 columns per page
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39 % produces three already-reduced pages.
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40 % You will still need to cut and paste.
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41 % 3 columns per page
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42 % produces two pages which must be printed sideways to make a
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43 % ready-to-use 8.5 x 11 inch reference card.
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44 % For this you need a dvi device driver that can print sideways.
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45 % Which mode to use is controlled by setting \columnsperpage above.
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46 %
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47 % TeX Layout commands taken from the GNU Emacs Refcard (thanks to
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48 % Stephen Gildea <gildea@erl.mit.edu> for this work)
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49
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50 \def\diredx{$^\dagger$} % marks extra feature not present in dired.el
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51 \let\diredx\diredx % `compile' while ^ still active
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52 \overfullrule0pt
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53 \def\~{\char`~} % an ASCII tilde character
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54
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55 \def\versionnumber{1.0}
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56 \def\year{1992}
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57 \def\version{\year\ v\versionnumber}
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58
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59 \def\shortcopyrightnotice{\vskip 1ex plus 2 fill
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60 \centerline{\small \copyright\ \year\ Free Software Foundation, Inc.
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61 Permissions on back. v\versionnumber}}
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62
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63 \def\copyrightnotice{
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64 \vskip 1ex plus 2 fill\begingroup\small
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65 \centerline{Copyright \copyright\ \year\ Free Software Foundation, Inc.}
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66 % \centerline{designed by Stephen Gildea, \version}
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67 \centerline{\version}
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68 \centerline{for GNU Emacs version 18 on Unix systems}
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69
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70 Permission is granted to make and distribute copies of
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71 this card provided the copyright notice and this permission notice
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72 are preserved on all copies.
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73
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74 For copies of the GNU Emacs manual, write to the Free Software
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75 Foundation, Inc., 675 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge MA 02139.
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76
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77 \endgroup}
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78
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79 % make \bye not \outer so that the \def\bye in the \else clause below
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80 % can be scanned without complaint.
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81 \def\bye{\par\vfill\supereject\end}
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82
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83 \newdimen\intercolumnskip
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84 \newbox\columna
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85 \newbox\columnb
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86
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87 \def\ncolumns{\the\columnsperpage}
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88
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89 \message{[\ncolumns\space
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90 column\if 1\ncolumns\else s\fi\space per page]}
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91
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92 \def\scaledmag#1{ scaled \magstep #1}
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93
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94 % This multi-way format was designed by Stephen Gildea
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95 % October 1986.
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96 \if 1\ncolumns
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97 \hsize 4in
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98 \vsize 10in
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99 \voffset -.7in
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100 \font\titlefont=\fontname\tenbf \scaledmag3
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101 \font\headingfont=\fontname\tenbf \scaledmag2
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102 \font\smallfont=\fontname\sevenrm
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103 \font\smallsy=\fontname\sevensy
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104
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105 \footline{\hss\folio}
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106 \def\makefootline{\baselineskip10pt\hsize6.5in\line{\the\footline}}
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107 \else
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108 \hsize 3.2in
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109 \vsize 7.95in
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110 \hoffset -.75in
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111 \voffset -.745in
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112 \font\titlefont=cmbx10 \scaledmag2
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113 \font\headingfont=cmbx10 \scaledmag1
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114 \font\smallfont=cmr6
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115 \font\smallsy=cmsy6
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116 \font\eightrm=cmr8
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117 \font\eightbf=cmbx8
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118 \font\eightit=cmti8
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119 \font\eighttt=cmtt8
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120 \font\eightsy=cmsy8
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121 \textfont0=\eightrm
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122 \textfont2=\eightsy
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123 \def\rm{\eightrm}
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124 \def\bf{\eightbf}
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125 \def\it{\eightit}
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126 \def\tt{\eighttt}
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127 \normalbaselineskip=.8\normalbaselineskip
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128 \normallineskip=.8\normallineskip
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129 \normallineskiplimit=.8\normallineskiplimit
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130 \normalbaselines\rm %make definitions take effect
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131
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132 \if 2\ncolumns
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133 \let\maxcolumn=b
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134 \footline{\hss\rm\folio\hss}
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135 \def\makefootline{\vskip 2in \hsize=6.86in\line{\the\footline}}
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136 \else \if 3\ncolumns
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137 \let\maxcolumn=c
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138 \nopagenumbers
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139 \else
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140 \errhelp{You must set \columnsperpage equal to 1, 2, or 3.}
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141 \errmessage{Illegal number of columns per page}
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142 \fi\fi
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143
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144 \intercolumnskip=.46in
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145 \def\abc{a}
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146 \output={%
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147 % This next line is useful when designing the layout.
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148 %\immediate\write16{Column \folio\abc\space starts with \firstmark}
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149 \if \maxcolumn\abc \multicolumnformat \global\def\abc{a}
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150 \else\if a\abc
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151 \global\setbox\columna\columnbox \global\def\abc{b}
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152 %% in case we never use \columnb (two-column mode)
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153 \global\setbox\columnb\hbox to -\intercolumnskip{}
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154 \else
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155 \global\setbox\columnb\columnbox \global\def\abc{c}\fi\fi}
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156 \def\multicolumnformat{\shipout\vbox{\makeheadline
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157 \hbox{\box\columna\hskip\intercolumnskip
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158 \box\columnb\hskip\intercolumnskip\columnbox}
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159 \makefootline}\advancepageno}
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160 \def\columnbox{\leftline{\pagebody}}
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161
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162 \def\bye{\par\vfill\supereject
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163 \if a\abc \else\null\vfill\eject\fi
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164 \if a\abc \else\null\vfill\eject\fi
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165 \end}
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166 \fi
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167
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168 % we won't be using math mode much, so redefine some of the characters
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169 % we might want to talk about
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170 \catcode`\^=12
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171 \catcode`\_=12
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172
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173 \chardef\\=`\\
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174 \chardef\{=`\{
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175 \chardef\}=`\}
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176
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177 \hyphenation{mini-buf-fer}
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178
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179 \parindent 0pt
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180 \parskip 1ex plus .5ex minus .5ex
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181
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182 \def\small{\smallfont\textfont2=\smallsy\baselineskip=.8\baselineskip}
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183
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184 \outer\def\newcolumn{\vfill\eject}
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185
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186 \outer\def\title#1{{\titlefont\centerline{#1}}\vskip 1ex plus .5ex}
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187
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188 \outer\def\section#1{\par\filbreak
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189 \vskip 3ex plus 2ex minus 2ex {\headingfont #1}\mark{#1}%
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190 \vskip 2ex plus 1ex minus 1.5ex}
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191
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192 \newdimen\keyindent
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193
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194 \def\beginindentedkeys{\keyindent=1em}
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195 \def\endindentedkeys{\keyindent=0em}
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196 \endindentedkeys
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197
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198 \def\paralign{\vskip\parskip\halign}
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199
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200 \def\<#1>{$\langle${\rm #1}$\rangle$}
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201
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202 \def\kbd#1{{\tt#1}\null} %\null so not an abbrev even if period follows
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203
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204 \def\beginexample{\par\leavevmode\begingroup
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205 \obeylines\obeyspaces\parskip0pt\tt}
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206 {\obeyspaces\global\let =\ }
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207 \def\endexample{\endgroup}
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208
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209 \def\key#1#2{\leavevmode\hbox to \hsize{\vtop
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210 {\hsize=.75\hsize\rightskip=1em
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211 \hskip\keyindent\relax#1}\kbd{#2}\hfil}}
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212
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213 \newbox\metaxbox
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214 \setbox\metaxbox\hbox{\kbd{M-x }}
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215 \newdimen\metaxwidth
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216 \metaxwidth=\wd\metaxbox
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217
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218 \def\metax#1#2{\leavevmode\hbox to \hsize{\hbox to .75\hsize
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219 {\hskip\keyindent\relax#1\hfil}%
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220 \hskip -\metaxwidth minus 1fil
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221 \kbd{#2}\hfil}}
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222
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223 \def\threecolumn#1#2#3{\hskip\keyindent\relax{#1}\hfil&{#2}\quad &{#3}\quad\cr}
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224 \def\threecol#1#2#3{\threecolumn{#1}{\kbd{#2}}{\kbd{#3}}}
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225
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226 %**end of header
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227
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228
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229 \title{Tree Dired Reference Card}
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230
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231 \centerline{(for GNU Emacs version 18)}
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232
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233 \centerline{$ !Id: dired-ref.tex,v 1.1.1.1 1992/06/29 22:33:08 devin Exp ! $}
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234
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235 A feature marked like this\diredx{} is optional and not part of dired
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236 proper.
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237
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238
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239 \section{Starting Dired}
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240
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241 \key{Dired in current window} {C-x d}
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242 \key{Dired in other window} {C-x 4 d}
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243
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244 The last component of the pathname may contain wildcards. With prefix
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245 argument, Dired asks you to enter the listing switches for the {\tt
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246 ls} command.
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247
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248 Another way is from within {\tt find-file}, \kbd{C-x C-f}: just enter
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249 a directory name (no wildcards possible).
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250
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251
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252 \section {Cursor Motion}
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253 All the usual Emacs cursor motion commands are available in Dired
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254 buffers. Special motion commands are (see also ``Subdirectories''
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255 below):
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256
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257 \beginindentedkeys
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258 \paralign to \hsize{#\tabskip=10pt plus 1 fil&#\tabskip=0pt&#\cr
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259 \threecol{\bf go to} {\bf previous} {\bf next}
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260 \threecol{line} {C-p {\rm or} p} {C-n {\rm or} n}
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261 \threecol{directory line} {<} {>}
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262 %\threecol{inserted directory} {ESC C-p} {ESC C-n} % now below
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263 \threecol{marked file} {ESC \{} {ESC \}}
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264 }
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265 \endindentedkeys
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266
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267
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268 \section{Visiting Files}
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269
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270 \key{visit current file (dired if directory)} {f}
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271 \key{visit current file in other window}{o}
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272 \key{view current file read-only} {v}
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273
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274
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275 \section{Displaying Files}
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276
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277 \key{toggle between sort by name/date} {s}
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278 \key{specify new ls switches}{C-u s}
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279 \key{redisplay current, marked or next N files}{l}
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280 \key{revert buffer}{g}
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281
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282 \key{kill this line (but not this file)}{k}
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283 \key{undo changes to Dired buffer} {C-x u {\rm or} C-_}
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284 \key{copy file name(s) to kill ring\diredx} {w}
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285
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286
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287 \section{Marking and Unmarking Files}
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288
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289 \key{mark (with \kbd{*}) the current or next N file(s)} {m}
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290 \key{remove mark}{u}
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291 \key{remove mark on previous line}{DEL}
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292
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293 \key{mark all files matching REGEXP}{\%m}
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294 \key{mark all executable files}{*}
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295 \key{mark all symbolic links}{@}
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296 \key{mark all directories}{/}
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297
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298 \key{unmark the current or next N file(s)} {u}
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299 \key{move up lines and remove flags there} {DEL}
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300 \key{remove a specific or all flags from every file}{ESC DEL}
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301 %\key{toggle marks\diredx}{T} % this command is not very important
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302
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303
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304 \section {Mark Using Commands}
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305
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306 The following commands are applied to the marked files or (if there
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307 are none) to the current file. Numeric prefix argument means, apply
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308 command to the next N (previous N if negative) files. Digits work as
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309 prefix arguments.
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310
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311 {\bf Copying And Moving Files\dots}
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312
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313 Default target directory is where point is.
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314
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315 \beginindentedkeys
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316 \key{move or rename} {r}
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317 \key{copy} {c}
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318 \key{make hard links} {H}
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319 \key{make symbolic links} {Y}
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320 \key{make relative symbolic links\diredx} {S}
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321 \endindentedkeys
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322
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323 {\bf \dots With Regexps}
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324
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325 {\tt \\\&} in NEWNAME stands for the entire text being replaced. {\tt
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326 \\N} in NEWNAME, where N is a digit, stands for whatever matched the
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327 N'th parenthesized grouping in REGEXP.
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328
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329 \beginindentedkeys
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330 \key{move or rename} {\%r}
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331 \key{copy} {\%c}
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332 \key{make hard links} {\%H}
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333 \key{make symbolic links} {\%Y}
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334 \key{make relative symbolic links\diredx} {\%S}
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335
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336 \key{rename to upper case}{\%u}
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337 \key{rename to lower case}{\%l}
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338 \endindentedkeys
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339
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340 {\bf Shell Commands}
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341
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342 Shell commands have the top level directory as working directory.
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343 A {\tt *} indicates where filenames go (default: at end).
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344
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345 \beginindentedkeys
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346 \key{run a shell command}{!}
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347 \key{run a shell command in background\diredx}{\&}
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348 \endindentedkeys
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349
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350 {\bf Other Mark Using Commands}
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351
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352 \beginindentedkeys
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353 \key{compress files}{C}
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354 \key{uncompress files}{U}
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355
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356 \key{change the mode ({\tt g+w} etc. allowed)} {M}
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357 \key{change the group} {G}
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358 \key{change the owner} {O}
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359
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360 \key{load elisp files}{L}
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361 \key{byte compile elisp files} {B}
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362
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363 \key{print files} {P}
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364 \endindentedkeys
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365
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366
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367 \section {Deleting Files}
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368
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369 \key{flag (with \kbd{D}) file for deletion}{d}
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370
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371 \key{flag auto-save files}{\#}
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372 \key{flag backup files}{\~}
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373 \key{flag excess numeric backup files}{.}
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374 \key{flag files matching REGEXP}{\%d}
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375
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376 \key{delete \kbd{D}-flagged files}{x}
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377 \key{delete \kbd{*}-marked files} {X}
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378
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379
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380 \section{Comparing files}
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381
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382 \key{diff current file with file mark is on} {D}
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383 \key{diff current file with its backup file} {ESC \~}
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384
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385
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386 \section{Making Directories}
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387
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388 \key{create a new directory}{+}
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389
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390
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391 \section{Error Logging}
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392
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393 \key{see why something went wrong}{W}
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394
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395
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396 \section{Subdirectories}
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397
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398 \key{insert directory into same Dired buffer}{i}
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399 \key{insert all marked directories\diredx}{I}
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400
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401 \key{relist subdirectory of this headerline}{l}
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402 \key{kill subdirectory of this headerline}{k}
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403
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404 \key{go up (Dired parent directory)}{^}
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405 \key{go down (view this directory)}{v}
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406
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407 \key{go up in inserted directory tree}{ESC C-u}
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408 \key{go down in inserted directory tree}{ESC C-d}
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409 \key{next inserted directory}{ESC C-n}
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410 \key{previous inserted directory}{ESC C-p}
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411
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412
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413 \section{Hiding Directories}
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414 \key{hide or unhide current inserted directory}{\$}
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415 \key{hide or unhide all inserted directories}{=}
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416
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417
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418 \section{Advanced Commands\diredx}
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419
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420 %{\bf Dynamic Markers}
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421 %\section{Dynamic Markers\diredx}
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422
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423 \key{push a new marker character}{(}
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424 \key{pop current marker off stack}{)}
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425
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426 %{\bf Omitting}
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427 %\section{Omitting\diredx}
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428
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429 \key{toggle omitting}{ESC o}
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430
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431 %{\bf Advanced Mark Commands}
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432 %\section{Advanced Mark Commands\diredx}
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433
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434 \key{mark files for which PREDICATE is non-nil}{ESC (}
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435
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436 {\beginindentedkeys
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437 \advance\leftskip by \keyindent
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438 %
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439 PREDICATE is a lisp expression, e.g., {\tt (= size 0)}, that can refer
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440 to the following symbols:
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441
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442 \paralign to \hsize{#\tabskip=10pt plus 1 fil&#\tabskip=0pt&#\cr
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443 \threecolumn{\bf meaning} {\bf symbol} {\bf type}
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444 \threecolumn{inode (only for {\tt ls -i})} {\tt inode}{\rm integer}
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445 \threecolumn{size, usually in blocks (only for {\tt ls -s})}{\tt s}{\rm integer}
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446 \threecolumn{file permission bits ({\tt "-rw-r--r--"})}{\tt mode}{\rm string}
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447 \threecolumn{number of links to file} {\tt nlink}{\rm integer}
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448 \threecolumn{owner} {\tt uid}{\rm string}
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449 \threecolumn{group} {\tt gid}{\rm string}
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450 \threecolumn{file size in bytes} {\tt size}{\rm integer}
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451 \threecolumn{time that {\tt ls} displays ({\tt "Feb 12 14:17"})}{\tt time}{\rm string}
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452 \threecolumn{name of the file} {\tt name}{\rm string}
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453 \threecolumn{if symlink, linked-to name, else {\tt ""}}{\tt sym}{\rm string}
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454 }
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455 \endindentedkeys
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456 }
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457
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458 \section{Filename Transformers\diredx}
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459 Use e.g. {\tt [b]} instead of {\tt *} to access basenames in shell
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460 commands.
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461
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462 \key{unmodified filename (equivalent to {\tt [dbe]}).}{*}
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463 \key{name without directory information}{n}
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464 \key{directory component}{d}
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465 \key{basename, without directory and extension}{b}
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466 \key{extension}{e}
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467 \key{file without directory and without {\tt,v} suffix.}{v}
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468 \key{without directory and without {\tt .Z} suffix}{z}
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469
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470
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471 \section{Find Dired\diredx}
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472
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473 \metax{Feed arbitrary find(1) command to Dired}{M-x find-dired}
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474 \metax{Find file names matching WILDCARD}{M-x find-name-dired}
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475 \metax{Find files containing PATTERN}{M-x find-grep-dired}
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476
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477 \bye
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