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1 This file describes what you must or might want to do to termcap entries
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2 to make terminals work properly and efficiently with Emacs. Information
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3 on likely problems with specific types of terminals appears at the end
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4 of the file.
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5
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6 *** What you want in a terminal ***
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7
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8 Vital
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9 1. Easy to compute suitable padding for.
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10 2. Never ever sends ^S/^Q unless you type them, at least in one mode.
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11
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12 Nice for speed
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13 1. Supports insert/delete of multiple lines in one command.
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14 2. Same for multiple characters, though doing them one by
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15 one is usually fast enough except on emulators running on
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16 machines with bitmap screens.
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17
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18 Nice for usability
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19 1. Considerably more than 24 lines.
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20 2. Meta key (shift-like key that controls the 0200 bit
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21 in every character you type).
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22
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23 *** New termcap strings ***
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24
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25 Emacs supports certain termcap strings that are not described in the
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26 4.2 manual but appear to be standard in system V. The one exception
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27 is `cS', which I invented.
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28
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29 `AL' insert several lines. Takes one parameter, the number of
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30 lines to be inserted. You specify how to send this parameter
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31 using a %-construct, just like the cursor positions in the `cm'
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32 string.
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33
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34 `DL' delete several lines. One parameter.
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35
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36 `IC' insert several characters. One parameter.
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37
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38 `DC' delete several characters. One parameter.
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39
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40 `rp' repeat a character. Takes two parameters, the character
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41 to be repeated and the number of times to repeat it.
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42 Most likely you will use `%.' for sending the character
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43 to be repeated. Emacs interprets a padding spec with a *
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44 as giving the amount of padding per repetition.
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45
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46 WARNING: Many terminals have a command to repeat the
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47 *last character output* N times. This means that the character
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48 will appear N+1 times in a row when the command argument is N.
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49 However, the `rp' string's parameter is the total number of
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50 times wanted, not one less. Therefore, such repeat commands
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51 may be used in an `rp' string only if you use Emacs's special
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52 termcap operator `%a-c\001' to subtract 1 from the repeat count
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53 before substituting it into the string. It is probably safe
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54 to use this even though the Unix termcap does not accept it
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55 because programs other than Emacs probably won't look for `rp'
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56 anyway.
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57
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58 `cs' set scroll region. Takes two parameters, the vertical
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59 positions of the first line to include in the scroll region
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60 and the last line to include in the scroll region.
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61 Both parameters are origin-zero. The effect of this
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62 should be to cause a following insert-line or delete-line
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63 not to move lines below the bottom of the scroll region.
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64
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65 This is not the same convention that Emacs version 16 used.
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66 That is because I was led astray by unclear documentation
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67 of the meaning of %i in termcap strings. Since the termcap
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68 documentation for `cs' is also unclear, I had to deduce the
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69 correct parameter conventions from what would make the VT-100's
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70 `cs' string work properly. From an incorrect assumption about
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71 %i, I reached an incorrect conclusion about `cs', but the result
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72 worked correctly on the VT100 and ANSII terminals. In Emacs
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73 version 17, both `cs' and %i work correctly.
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74
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75 The version 16 convention was to pass, for the second parameter,
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76 the line number of the first line beyond the end of the
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77 scroll region.
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78
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79 `cS' set scroll region. Differs from `cs' in taking parameters
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80 differently. There are four parameters:
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81 1. Total number of lines on the screen.
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82 2. Number of lines above desired scroll region.
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83 3. Number of lines below (outside of) desired scroll region.
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84 4. Total number of lines on the screen, like #1.
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85 This is because an Ambassador needs the parameters like this.
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86
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87 `cr', `do', `le'
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88 Emacs will not attempt to use ^M, ^J or ^H for cursor motion
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89 unless these capabilities are present and say to use those
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90 characters.
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91
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92 `km' Says the terminal has a Meta key.
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93
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94 Defining these strings is important for getting maximum performance
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95 from your terminal.
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96
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97 Make sure that the `ti' string sets all modes needed for editing
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98 in Emacs. For example, if your terminal has a mode that controls
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99 wrap at the end of the line, you must decide whether to specify
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100 the `am' flag in the termcap entry; whichever you decide, the `ti'
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101 string should contain commands to set the mode that way.
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102 (Emacs also sends the `vs' string after the `ti' string.
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103 You can put the mode-setting commands in either one of them.)
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104
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105 *** Specific Terminal Types ***
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106
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107 Watch out for termcap entries for Ann Arbor Ambassadors that
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108 give too little padding for clear-screen. 7.2 msec per line is right.
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109 These are the strings whose padding you probably should change:
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110 :al=1*\E[L:dl=1*\E[M:cd=7.2*\E[J:cl=7.2*\E[H\E[J:
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111 I have sometimes seen `\E[2J' at the front of the `ti' string;
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112 this is a clear-screen, very slow, and it can cause you to get
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113 Control-s sent by the terminal at startup. I recommend removing
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114 the `\E[2J' from the `ti' string.
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115 The `ti' or `vs' strings also usually need stuff added to them, such as
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116 \E[>33;52;54h\E[>30;37;38;39l
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117 You might want to add the following to the `te' or `ve' strings:
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118 \E[>52l\E[>37h
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119 The following additional capabilities will improve performance:
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120 :AL=1*\E[%dL:DL=1*\E[%dM:IC=4\E[%d@:DC=4\E[%dP:rp=1*%.\E[%a-c\001%db:
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121 If you find that the Meta key does not work, make sure that
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122 :km:
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123 is present in the termcap entry.
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124
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125 Watch out for termcap entries for VT100's that fail to specify
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126 the `sf' string, or that omit the padding needed for the `sf' and `sr'
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127 strings (2msec per line affected). What you need is
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128 :sf=2*^J:sr=2*\EM:cs=\E[%i%d;%dr:
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129
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130 The Concept-100 and Concept-108 have many modes that `ti' strings
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131 often fail to initialize. If you have problems on one of these
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132 terminals, that is probably the place to fix them. These terminals
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133 can support an `rp' string.
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134
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135 Watch out on HP terminals for problems with standout disappearing on
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136 part of the mode line. These problems are due to the absence of
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137 :sg#0: which some HP terminals need.
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138
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139 The vi55 is said to require `ip=2'.
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140
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141 The Sun console should have these capabilities for good performance.
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142 :AL=\E[%dL:DL=\E[%dM:IC=\E[%d@:DC=\E[%dP:
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143
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144 The vt220 needs to be set to vt220 mode, 7 bit, space parity
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145 in order to work fully with TERM=vt220.
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146
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147 If you are using a LAT terminal concentrator, you need to issue these
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148 commands to turn off flow control:
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149
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150 set port flow control disable
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151 define port flow control disable
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152
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153 On System V, in the terminfo database, various terminals may have
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154 the `xt' flag that should not have it. `xt' should be present only
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155 for the Teleray 1061 or equivalent terminal.
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156
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157 In particular, System V for the 386 often has `xt' for terminal type
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158 AT386 or AT386-M, which is used for the console. You should delete
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159 this flag. Here is how:
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160
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161 You can get a copy of the terminfo "source" for at386 using the
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162 command: `infocmp at386 >at386.tic'. Edit the file at386.tic and remove
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163 the `xt' flag. Then compile the new entry with: `tic at386.tic'.
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164
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165 It is also reported that these terminal types sometimes have the wrong
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166 reverse-scroll string. It should be \E[T, but sometimes is given as \E[S.
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167
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168 Here is what watserv1!maytag!focsys!larry recommends for these terminals:
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169
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170 # This copy of the terminfo description has been fixed.
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171 # The suggestions came from a number of usenet postings.
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172 #
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173 # Intel AT/386 for color card with monochrome display
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174 #
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175 AT386-M|at386-m|386AT-M|386at-m|at/386 console,
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176 am, bw, eo, xon,
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177 cols#80, lines#25,
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178 acsc=``a1fxgqh0jYk?lZm@nEooppqDrrsstCu4vAwBx3yyzz{{||}}~~,
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179 bel=^G, blink=\E[5m, bold=\E[1m, cbt=\E[Z,
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180 clear=\E[2J\E[H,
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181 cr=\r, cub=\E[%p1%dD, cub1=\E[D, cud=\E[%p1%dB,
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182 cud1=\E[B, cuf=\E[%p1%dC, cuf1=\E[C,
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183 cup=\E[%i%p1%02d;%p2%02dH, cuu=\E[%p1%dA, cuu1=\E[A,
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184 dch=\E[%p1%dP, dch1=\E[P, dl=\E[%p1%dM, dl1=\E[1M,
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185 ech=\E[%p1%dX,ed=\E[J, el=\E[K, el1=\E[1K\E[X, flash=^G, home=\E[H,
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186 hpa=\E[%i%p1%dG, ich=\E[%p1%d@, ich1=\E[1@, il=\E[%p1%dL, il1=\E[1L,
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187 ind=\E[S, indn=\E[%p1%dS, invis=\E[9m,
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188 is2=\E[0;10;38m, kbs=\b, kcbt=^], kclr=\E[2J,
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189 kcub1=\E[D, kcud1=\E[B, kcuf1=\E[C, kcuu1=\E[A,
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190 kdch1=\E[P, kend=\E[Y, kf1=\EOP, kf10=\EOY, kf11=\EOZ,
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191 kf12=\EOA, kf2=\EOQ, kf3=\EOR, kf4=\EOS, kf5=\EOT,
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192 kf6=\EOU, kf7=\EOV, kf8=\EOW, kf9=\EOX, khome=\E[H,
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193 kich1=\E[@, knp=\E[U, kpp=\E[V, krmir=\E0, rev=\E[7m, ri=\E[T,
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194 rin=\E[%p1%dT, rmacs=\E[10m, rmso=\E[m, rmul=\E[m,
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195 sgr=\E[10m\E[0%?%p1%p3%|%t;7%;%?%p2%t;4%;%?%p4%t;5%;%?%p6%t;1%;%?%p9%t;12%;%?%p7%t;9%;m,
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196 sgr0=\E[0;10m, smacs=\E[12m, smso=\E[7m, smul=\E[4m,
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197
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198 #
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199 # AT&T 386 color console
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200 #
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201 AT386|at386|386AT|386at|at/386 console,
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202 colors#8, ncv#3, pairs#64,
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203 is2=\E[0;10;39m,
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204 op=\E[0m,
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205 setb=\E[%?%p1%{0}%=%t40m
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206 %e%p1%{1}%=%t44m
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207 %e%p1%{2}%=%t42m
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208 %e%p1%{3}%=%t46m
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209 %e%p1%{4}%=%t41m
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210 %e%p1%{5}%=%t45m
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211 %e%p1%{6}%=%t43m
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212 %e%p1%{7}%=%t47m%;,
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213 setf=\E[%?%p1%{0}%=%t30m
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214 %e%p1%{1}%=%t34m
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215 %e%p1%{2}%=%t32m
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216 %e%p1%{3}%=%t36m
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217 %e%p1%{4}%=%t31m
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218 %e%p1%{5}%=%t35m
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219 %e%p1%{6}%=%t33m
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220 %e%p1%{6}%=%t33m
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221 %e%p1%{7}%=%t37m%;,
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222 use=at386-m,
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223 #
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224 # Color console version that supports underline but maps blue
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225 # foreground color to cyan.
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226 #
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227 AT386-UL|at386-ul|386AT-UL|386at-ul|at/386 console,
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228 is2=\E[0;10;38m,
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229 use=at386,
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