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1 \input texinfo @c -*-texinfo-*-
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2 @c %**start of header
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3 @setfilename ../../info/lispref.info
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4 @c @smallbook
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5 @settitle XEmacs Lisp Reference Manual
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6 @c %**end of header
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7
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8 @ifinfo
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9 @dircategory XEmacs Editor
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10 @direntry
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11 * Lispref: (lispref). XEmacs Lisp Reference Manual.
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12 @end direntry
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13
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14 Edition History:
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15
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16 GNU Emacs Lisp Reference Manual Second Edition (v2.01), May 1993
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17 GNU Emacs Lisp Reference Manual Further Revised (v2.02), August 1993
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18 Lucid Emacs Lisp Reference Manual (for 19.10) First Edition, March 1994
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19 XEmacs Lisp Programmer's Manual (for 19.12) Second Edition, April 1995
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20 GNU Emacs Lisp Reference Manual v2.4, June 1995
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21 XEmacs Lisp Programmer's Manual (for 19.13) Third Edition, July 1995
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22 XEmacs Lisp Reference Manual (for 19.14 and 20.0) v3.1, March 1996
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23 XEmacs Lisp Reference Manual (for 19.15 and 20.1, 20.2, 20.3) v3.2, April, May, November 1997
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24 XEmacs Lisp Reference Manual (for 21.0) v3.3, April 1998
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25 @c Please REMEMBER to update edition number in *four* places in this file
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26 @c and also in *one* place in intro.texi
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27
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28 Copyright (C) 1990, 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
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29 Copyright (C) 1994, 1995 Sun Microsystems, Inc.
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30 Copyright (C) 1995, 1996 Ben Wing.
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31
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32
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33 Permission is granted to make and distribute verbatim copies of this
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34 manual provided the copyright notice and this permission notice are
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35 preserved on all copies.
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36
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37 @ignore
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38 Permission is granted to process this file through TeX and print the
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39 results, provided the printed document carries copying permission notice
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40 identical to this one except for the removal of this paragraph (this
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41 paragraph not being relevant to the printed manual).
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42
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43 @end ignore
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44 Permission is granted to copy and distribute modified versions of this
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45 manual under the conditions for verbatim copying, provided that the
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46 entire resulting derived work is distributed under the terms of a
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47 permission notice identical to this one.
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48
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49 Permission is granted to copy and distribute translations of this manual
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50 into another language, under the above conditions for modified versions,
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51 except that this permission notice may be stated in a translation
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52 approved by the Foundation.
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53
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54 Permission is granted to copy and distribute modified versions of this
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55 manual under the conditions for verbatim copying, provided also that the
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56 section entitled ``GNU General Public License'' is included exactly as
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57 in the original, and provided that the entire resulting derived work is
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58 distributed under the terms of a permission notice identical to this
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59 one.
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60
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61 Permission is granted to copy and distribute translations of this manual
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62 into another language, under the above conditions for modified versions,
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63 except that the section entitled ``GNU General Public License'' may be
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64 included in a translation approved by the Free Software Foundation
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65 instead of in the original English.
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66 @end ifinfo
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67
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68 @c Combine indices.
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69 @synindex cp fn
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70 @syncodeindex vr fn
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71 @syncodeindex ky fn
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72 @syncodeindex pg fn
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73 @syncodeindex tp fn
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74
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75 @setchapternewpage odd
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76 @finalout
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77
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78 @titlepage
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79 @title XEmacs Lisp Reference Manual
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80 @c The edition number appears in several places in this file
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81 @c and also in the file intro.texi.
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82 @c This manual documents XEmacs 19.14 and 20.0 and was based on the
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83 @c documentation for FSF Emacs 19.29 (v2.4).
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84 @subtitle Version 3.3 (for XEmacs 21.0), April 1998
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85
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86 @author by Ben Wing
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87 @author
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88 @author Based on the GNU Emacs Lisp Reference Manual
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89 @author by Bil Lewis, Dan LaLiberte, Richard Stallman
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90 @author and the GNU Manual Group
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91 @page
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92 @vskip 0pt plus 1filll
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93 Copyright @copyright{} 1990, 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
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94 Copyright @copyright{} 1994, 1995 Sun Microsystems, Inc.
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95 Copyright @copyright{} 1995, 1996 Ben Wing.
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96 @sp 2
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97 Version 3.3 @*
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98 Revised for XEmacs Versions 21.0,@*
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99 April 1998.@*
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100
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101 Permission is granted to make and distribute verbatim copies of this
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102 manual provided the copyright notice and this permission notice are
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103 preserved on all copies.
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104
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105 Permission is granted to copy and distribute modified versions of this
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106 manual under the conditions for verbatim copying, provided also that the
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107 section entitled ``GNU General Public License'' is included
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108 exactly as in the original, and provided that the entire resulting
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109 derived work is distributed under the terms of a permission notice
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110 identical to this one.
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111
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112 Permission is granted to copy and distribute translations of this manual
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113 into another language, under the above conditions for modified versions,
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114 except that the section entitled ``GNU General Public License'' may be
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115 included in a translation approved by the Free Software Foundation
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116 instead of in the original English.
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117
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118 Cover art by Etienne Suvasa.
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119 @end titlepage
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120 @page
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121
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122 @node Top, Copying, (dir), (dir)
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123
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124 @ifinfo
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125 This Info file contains the third edition of the XEmacs Lisp
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126 Reference Manual, corresponding to XEmacs version 21.0.
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127 @end ifinfo
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128
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129 @menu
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130 * Copying:: Conditions for copying and changing XEmacs.
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131 * Introduction:: Introduction and conventions used.
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132
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693
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133 * Packaging:: Lisp library administrative infrastructure.
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134
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428
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135 * Lisp Data Types:: Data types of objects in XEmacs Lisp.
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136 * Numbers:: Numbers and arithmetic functions.
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137 * Strings and Characters:: Strings, and functions that work on them.
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138 * Lists:: Lists, cons cells, and related functions.
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139 * Sequences Arrays Vectors:: Lists, strings and vectors are called sequences.
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140 Certain functions act on any kind of sequence.
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141 The description of vectors is here as well.
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142 * Symbols:: Symbols represent names, uniquely.
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143
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144 * Evaluation:: How Lisp expressions are evaluated.
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145 * Control Structures:: Conditionals, loops, nonlocal exits.
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146 * Variables:: Using symbols in programs to stand for values.
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147 * Functions:: A function is a Lisp program
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148 that can be invoked from other functions.
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149 * Macros:: Macros are a way to extend the Lisp language.
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150 * Customization:: Writing customization declarations.
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151
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152 * Loading:: Reading files of Lisp code into Lisp.
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153 * Byte Compilation:: Compilation makes programs run faster.
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154 * Debugging:: Tools and tips for debugging Lisp programs.
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155
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156 * Read and Print:: Converting Lisp objects to text and back.
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157 * Minibuffers:: Using the minibuffer to read input.
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158 * Command Loop:: How the editor command loop works,
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159 and how you can call its subroutines.
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160 * Keymaps:: Defining the bindings from keys to commands.
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161 * Menus:: Defining pull-down and pop-up menus.
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162 * Dialog Boxes:: Creating dialog boxes.
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163 * Toolbar:: Controlling the toolbar.
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442
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164 * Gutter:: Controlling the gutter.
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428
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165 * Scrollbars:: Controlling the scrollbars.
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166 * Drag and Drop:: Generic API to inter-application communication
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167 via specific protocols.
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168 * Modes:: Defining major and minor modes.
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169 * Documentation:: Writing and using documentation strings.
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170
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171 * Files:: Accessing files.
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172 * Backups and Auto-Saving:: Controlling how backups and auto-save
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173 files are made.
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174 * Buffers:: Creating and using buffer objects.
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175 * Windows:: Manipulating windows and displaying buffers.
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176 * Frames:: Making multiple X windows.
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177 * Consoles and Devices:: Opening frames on multiple TTY's or X displays.
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178 * Positions:: Buffer positions and motion functions.
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179 * Markers:: Markers represent positions and update
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180 automatically when the text is changed.
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181
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182 * Text:: Examining and changing text in buffers.
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183 * Searching and Matching:: Searching buffers for strings or regexps.
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184 * Syntax Tables:: The syntax table controls word and list parsing.
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185 * Abbrevs:: How Abbrev mode works, and its data structures.
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186
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187 * Extents:: Extents are regions of text with particular
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188 display characteristics.
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189 * Specifiers:: How faces and glyphs are specified.
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190 * Faces and Window-System Objects::
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191 A face is a set of display characteristics
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192 specifying how text is to be displayed.
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193 * Glyphs:: General interface to pixmaps displayed in a
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194 buffer or frame.
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195 * Annotations:: Higher-level interface to glyphs in a buffer.
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196 * Display:: Parameters controlling screen usage.
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197 The bell. Waiting for input.
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198
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199 * Hash Tables:: Fast data structures for mappings.
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200 * Range Tables:: Keeping track of ranges of numbers.
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201 * Databases:: An interface to standard DBM and DB databases.
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202
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203 * Processes:: Running and communicating with subprocesses.
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204 * System Interface:: Getting the user id, system type, environment
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205 variables, and other such things.
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206 * X-Windows:: Functions specific to the X Window System.
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207 * ToolTalk Support:: Interfacing with the ToolTalk message service.
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208 * LDAP Support:: Interfacing with the Lightweight Directory
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209 Access Protocol.
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442
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210 * PostgreSQL Support:: Interfacing to the PostgreSQL libpq library.
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428
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211 * Internationalization:: How Emacs supports different languages and
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212 cultural conventions.
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213 * MULE:: Specifics of the Asian-language support.
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214
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215 Appendices
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216
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217 * Tips:: Advice for writing Lisp programs.
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218 * Building XEmacs and Object Allocation::
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219 Behind-the-scenes information about XEmacs.
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220 * Standard Errors:: List of all error symbols.
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221 * Standard Buffer-Local Variables:: List of variables local in all buffers.
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222 * Standard Keymaps:: List of standard keymaps.
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223 * Standard Hooks:: List of standard hook variables.
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224
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225 * Index:: Index including concepts, functions, variables,
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226 and other terms.
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227
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228 --- The Detailed Node Listing ---
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229
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230 Here are other nodes that are inferiors of those already listed,
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231 mentioned here so you can get to them in one step:
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232
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233 Introduction
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234
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235 * Caveats:: Flaws and a request for help.
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236 * Lisp History:: XEmacs Lisp is descended from Maclisp.
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237 * Conventions:: How the manual is formatted.
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238 * Acknowledgements:: The authors, editors, and sponsors of this manual.
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239
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240 Conventions
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241
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242 * Some Terms:: Explanation of terms we use in this manual.
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243 * nil and t:: How the symbols @code{nil} and @code{t} are used.
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244 * Evaluation Notation:: The format we use for examples of evaluation.
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245 * Printing Notation:: The format we use for examples that print output.
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246 * Error Messages:: The format we use for examples of errors.
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247 * Buffer Text Notation:: The format we use for buffer contents in examples.
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248 * Format of Descriptions:: Notation for describing functions, variables, etc.
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249
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250 Format of Descriptions
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251
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444
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252 * A Sample Function Description::
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253 * A Sample Variable Description::
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428
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254
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693
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255 Packaging
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256
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257 * Package Overview:: Lisp Libraries and Packages.
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258 * Package Terminology:: Basic stuff.
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259 * Building Packages:: Turn packaged source into a tarball.
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260 * Local.rules File:: Tell the XEmacs Packaging System about your host.
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261 * Creating Packages:: Tell the XEmacs Packaging System about your package.
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262 * Issues::
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263
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264 Package Overview
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265
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761
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266 * The User View::
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267 * The Library Maintainer View::
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268 * The Package Release Engineer View::
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693
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269
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270 The Library Maintainer's View
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271
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272 * Infrastructure:: Global Makefiles and common rules.
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273 * Control Files:: Package-specific Makefiles and administrative files.
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274 * Obtaining:: Obtaining the XEmacs Packaging System and utilities.
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275
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276 Creating Packages
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277
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278 * package-compile.el::
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279 * package-info.in Fields::
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280 * Makefile Variables::
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281 * Makefile Targets::
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282
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428
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283 Lisp Data Types
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284
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285 * Printed Representation:: How Lisp objects are represented as text.
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286 * Comments:: Comments and their formatting conventions.
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287 * Programming Types:: Types found in all Lisp systems.
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288 * Editing Types:: Types specific to XEmacs.
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289 * Type Predicates:: Tests related to types.
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290 * Equality Predicates:: Tests of equality between any two objects.
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291
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292 Programming Types
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293
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294 * Integer Type:: Numbers without fractional parts.
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295 * Floating Point Type:: Numbers with fractional parts and with a large range.
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296 * Character Type:: The representation of letters, numbers and
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297 control characters.
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298 * Sequence Type:: Both lists and arrays are classified as sequences.
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299 * Cons Cell Type:: Cons cells, and lists (which are made from cons cells).
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300 * Array Type:: Arrays include strings and vectors.
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301 * String Type:: An (efficient) array of characters.
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302 * Vector Type:: One-dimensional arrays.
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303 * Symbol Type:: A multi-use object that refers to a function,
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304 variable, property list, or itself.
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305 * Function Type:: A piece of executable code you can call from elsewhere.
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306 * Macro Type:: A method of expanding an expression into another
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307 expression, more fundamental but less pretty.
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308 * Primitive Function Type:: A function written in C, callable from Lisp.
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309 * Compiled-Function Type:: A function written in Lisp, then compiled.
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310 * Autoload Type:: A type used for automatically loading seldom-used
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311 functions.
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312
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313 Cons Cell Type
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314
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315 * Dotted Pair Notation:: An alternative syntax for lists.
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316 * Association List Type:: A specially constructed list.
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317
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318 Editing Types
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319
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320 * Buffer Type:: The basic object of editing.
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321 * Window Type:: What makes buffers visible.
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440
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322 * Window Configuration Type:: Save what the screen looks like.
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428
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323 * Marker Type:: A position in a buffer.
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324 * Process Type:: A process running on the underlying OS.
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325 * Stream Type:: Receive or send characters.
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326 * Keymap Type:: What function a keystroke invokes.
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327 * Syntax Table Type:: What a character means.
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328
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329 Numbers
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330
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331 * Integer Basics:: Representation and range of integers.
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332 * Float Basics:: Representation and range of floating point.
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333 * Predicates on Numbers:: Testing for numbers.
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334 * Comparison of Numbers:: Equality and inequality predicates.
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335 * Arithmetic Operations:: How to add, subtract, multiply and divide.
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336 * Bitwise Operations:: Logical and, or, not, shifting.
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337 * Numeric Conversions:: Converting float to integer and vice versa.
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338 * Math Functions:: Trig, exponential and logarithmic functions.
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339 * Random Numbers:: Obtaining random integers, predictable or not.
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340
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341 Strings and Characters
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342
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440
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343 * String Basics:: Basic properties of strings and characters.
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428
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344 * Predicates for Strings:: Testing whether an object is a string or char.
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345 * Creating Strings:: Functions to allocate new strings.
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346 * Predicates for Characters:: Testing whether an object is a character.
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347 * Character Codes:: Each character has an equivalent integer.
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348 * Text Comparison:: Comparing characters or strings.
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349 * String Conversion:: Converting characters or strings and vice versa.
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350 * Modifying Strings:: Changing characters in a string.
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351 * String Properties:: Additional information attached to strings.
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352 * Formatting Strings:: @code{format}: XEmacs's analog of @code{printf}.
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353 * Character Case:: Case conversion functions.
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354 * Char Tables:: Mapping from characters to Lisp objects.
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355 * Case Tables:: Customizing case conversion.
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356
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357 Lists
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358
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359 * Cons Cells:: How lists are made out of cons cells.
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360 * Lists as Boxes:: Graphical notation to explain lists.
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361 * List-related Predicates:: Is this object a list? Comparing two lists.
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362 * List Elements:: Extracting the pieces of a list.
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363 * Building Lists:: Creating list structure.
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364 * Modifying Lists:: Storing new pieces into an existing list.
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365 * Sets And Lists:: A list can represent a finite mathematical set.
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366 * Association Lists:: A list can represent a finite relation or mapping.
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367 * Property Lists:: A different way to represent a finite mapping.
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368 * Weak Lists:: A list with special garbage-collection behavior.
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369
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370 Modifying Existing List Structure
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371
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372 * Setcar:: Replacing an element in a list.
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373 * Setcdr:: Replacing part of the list backbone.
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374 This can be used to remove or add elements.
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375 * Rearrangement:: Reordering the elements in a list; combining lists.
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376
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377 Sequences, Arrays, and Vectors
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378
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379 * Sequence Functions:: Functions that accept any kind of sequence.
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380 * Arrays:: Characteristics of arrays in XEmacs Lisp.
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381 * Array Functions:: Functions specifically for arrays.
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382 * Vectors:: Functions specifically for vectors.
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383
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384 Symbols
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385
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386 * Symbol Components:: Symbols have names, values, function definitions
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387 and property lists.
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388 * Definitions:: A definition says how a symbol will be used.
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389 * Creating Symbols:: How symbols are kept unique.
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390 * Symbol Properties:: Each symbol has a property list
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391 for recording miscellaneous information.
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392
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393 Evaluation
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394
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395 * Intro Eval:: Evaluation in the scheme of things.
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396 * Eval:: How to invoke the Lisp interpreter explicitly.
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397 * Forms:: How various sorts of objects are evaluated.
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444
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398 * Quoting:: Avoiding evaluation (to put constants in
|
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428
|
399 the program).
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400
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401 Kinds of Forms
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402
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403 * Self-Evaluating Forms:: Forms that evaluate to themselves.
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|
404 * Symbol Forms:: Symbols evaluate as variables.
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405 * Classifying Lists:: How to distinguish various sorts of list forms.
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406 * Function Forms:: Forms that call functions.
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407 * Macro Forms:: Forms that call macros.
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408 * Special Forms:: ``Special forms'' are idiosyncratic primitives,
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409 most of them extremely important.
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410 * Autoloading:: Functions set up to load files
|
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411 containing their real definitions.
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412
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413 Control Structures
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414
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415 * Sequencing:: Evaluation in textual order.
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416 * Conditionals:: @code{if}, @code{cond}.
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417 * Combining Conditions:: @code{and}, @code{or}, @code{not}.
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418 * Iteration:: @code{while} loops.
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419 * Nonlocal Exits:: Jumping out of a sequence.
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420
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421 Nonlocal Exits
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422
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423 * Catch and Throw:: Nonlocal exits for the program's own purposes.
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|
424 * Examples of Catch:: Showing how such nonlocal exits can be written.
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|
425 * Errors:: How errors are signaled and handled.
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|
426 * Cleanups:: Arranging to run a cleanup form if an
|
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427 error happens.
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428
|
|
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429 Errors
|
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|
430
|
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|
431 * Signaling Errors:: How to report an error.
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|
432 * Processing of Errors:: What XEmacs does when you report an error.
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|
433 * Handling Errors:: How you can trap errors and continue execution.
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|
434 * Error Symbols:: How errors are classified for trapping them.
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435
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436 Variables
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437
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|
438 * Global Variables:: Variable values that exist permanently, everywhere.
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|
439 * Constant Variables:: Certain "variables" have values that never change.
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|
440 * Local Variables:: Variable values that exist only temporarily.
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|
441 * Void Variables:: Symbols that lack values.
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|
442 * Defining Variables:: A definition says a symbol is used as a variable.
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|
443 * Accessing Variables:: Examining values of variables whose names
|
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444 are known only at run time.
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445 * Setting Variables:: Storing new values in variables.
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|
446 * Variable Scoping:: How Lisp chooses among local and global values.
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447 * Buffer-Local Variables:: Variable values in effect only in one buffer.
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448
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449 Scoping Rules for Variable Bindings
|
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450
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444
|
451 * Scope:: Scope means where in the program a value
|
|
428
|
452 is visible. Comparison with other languages.
|
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|
453 * Extent:: Extent means how long in time a value exists.
|
|
|
454 * Impl of Scope:: Two ways to implement dynamic scoping.
|
|
444
|
455 * Using Scoping:: How to use dynamic scoping carefully and
|
|
428
|
456 avoid problems.
|
|
|
457
|
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|
458 Buffer-Local Variables
|
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|
459
|
|
|
460 * Intro to Buffer-Local:: Introduction and concepts.
|
|
|
461 * Creating Buffer-Local:: Creating and destroying buffer-local bindings.
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|
462 * Default Value:: The default value is seen in buffers
|
|
|
463 that don't have their own local values.
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|
464
|
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|
465 Functions
|
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|
466
|
|
|
467 * What Is a Function:: Lisp functions vs primitives; terminology.
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|
468 * Lambda Expressions:: How functions are expressed as Lisp objects.
|
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|
469 * Function Names:: A symbol can serve as the name of a function.
|
|
|
470 * Defining Functions:: Lisp expressions for defining functions.
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|
|
471 * Calling Functions:: How to use an existing function.
|
|
|
472 * Mapping Functions:: Applying a function to each element of a list, etc.
|
|
444
|
473 * Anonymous Functions:: Lambda-expressions are functions with no names.
|
|
428
|
474 * Function Cells:: Accessing or setting the function definition
|
|
|
475 of a symbol.
|
|
|
476 * Related Topics:: Cross-references to specific Lisp primitives
|
|
444
|
477 that have a special bearing on how
|
|
428
|
478 functions work.
|
|
|
479
|
|
|
480 Lambda Expressions
|
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|
481
|
|
|
482 * Lambda Components:: The parts of a lambda expression.
|
|
|
483 * Simple Lambda:: A simple example.
|
|
|
484 * Argument List:: Details and special features of argument lists.
|
|
|
485 * Function Documentation:: How to put documentation in a function.
|
|
|
486
|
|
|
487 Macros
|
|
|
488
|
|
|
489 * Simple Macro:: A basic example.
|
|
|
490 * Expansion:: How, when and why macros are expanded.
|
|
|
491 * Compiling Macros:: How macros are expanded by the compiler.
|
|
|
492 * Defining Macros:: How to write a macro definition.
|
|
|
493 * Backquote:: Easier construction of list structure.
|
|
|
494 * Problems with Macros:: Don't evaluate the macro arguments too many times.
|
|
|
495 Don't hide the user's variables.
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|
|
496
|
|
|
497 Loading
|
|
|
498
|
|
|
499 * How Programs Do Loading:: The @code{load} function and others.
|
|
|
500 * Autoload:: Setting up a function to autoload.
|
|
|
501 * Named Features:: Loading a library if it isn't already loaded.
|
|
|
502 * Repeated Loading:: Precautions about loading a file twice.
|
|
|
503
|
|
|
504 Byte Compilation
|
|
|
505
|
|
446
|
506 * Speed of Byte-Code:: An example of speedup from byte compilation.
|
|
|
507 * Compilation Functions:: Byte compilation functions.
|
|
|
508 * Docs and Compilation:: Dynamic loading of documentation strings.
|
|
|
509 * Dynamic Loading:: Dynamic loading of individual functions.
|
|
|
510 * Eval During Compile:: Code to be evaluated when you compile.
|
|
|
511 * Compiled-Function Objects:: The data type used for byte-compiled functions.
|
|
|
512 * Disassembly:: Disassembling byte-code; how to read byte-code.
|
|
|
513 * Different Behavior:: When compiled code gives different results.
|
|
428
|
514
|
|
|
515 Debugging Lisp Programs
|
|
|
516
|
|
|
517 * Debugger:: How the XEmacs Lisp debugger is implemented.
|
|
|
518 * Syntax Errors:: How to find syntax errors.
|
|
444
|
519 * Compilation Errors:: How to find errors that show up in
|
|
428
|
520 byte compilation.
|
|
|
521 * Edebug:: A source-level XEmacs Lisp debugger.
|
|
444
|
522
|
|
428
|
523 The Lisp Debugger
|
|
|
524
|
|
|
525 * Error Debugging:: Entering the debugger when an error happens.
|
|
|
526 * Function Debugging:: Entering it when a certain function is called.
|
|
|
527 * Explicit Debug:: Entering it at a certain point in the program.
|
|
|
528 * Using Debugger:: What the debugger does; what you see while in it.
|
|
|
529 * Debugger Commands:: Commands used while in the debugger.
|
|
|
530 * Invoking the Debugger:: How to call the function @code{debug}.
|
|
|
531 * Internals of Debugger:: Subroutines of the debugger, and global variables.
|
|
|
532
|
|
|
533 Debugging Invalid Lisp Syntax
|
|
|
534
|
|
|
535 * Excess Open:: How to find a spurious open paren or missing close.
|
|
|
536 * Excess Close:: How to find a spurious close paren or missing open.
|
|
|
537
|
|
|
538 Reading and Printing Lisp Objects
|
|
|
539
|
|
|
540 * Streams Intro:: Overview of streams, reading and printing.
|
|
444
|
541 * Input Streams:: Various data types that can be used as
|
|
428
|
542 input streams.
|
|
|
543 * Input Functions:: Functions to read Lisp objects from text.
|
|
444
|
544 * Output Streams:: Various data types that can be used as
|
|
428
|
545 output streams.
|
|
|
546 * Output Functions:: Functions to print Lisp objects as text.
|
|
|
547
|
|
|
548 Minibuffers
|
|
|
549
|
|
|
550 * Intro to Minibuffers:: Basic information about minibuffers.
|
|
|
551 * Text from Minibuffer:: How to read a straight text string.
|
|
|
552 * Object from Minibuffer:: How to read a Lisp object or expression.
|
|
|
553 * Completion:: How to invoke and customize completion.
|
|
|
554 * Yes-or-No Queries:: Asking a question with a simple answer.
|
|
|
555 * Minibuffer Misc:: Various customization hooks and variables.
|
|
|
556
|
|
|
557 Completion
|
|
|
558
|
|
|
559 * Basic Completion:: Low-level functions for completing strings.
|
|
|
560 (These are too low level to use the minibuffer.)
|
|
|
561 * Minibuffer Completion:: Invoking the minibuffer with completion.
|
|
|
562 * Completion Commands:: Minibuffer commands that do completion.
|
|
|
563 * High-Level Completion:: Convenient special cases of completion
|
|
|
564 (reading buffer name, file name, etc.)
|
|
|
565 * Reading File Names:: Using completion to read file names.
|
|
|
566 * Programmed Completion:: Finding the completions for a given file name.
|
|
|
567
|
|
|
568 Command Loop
|
|
|
569
|
|
|
570 * Command Overview:: How the command loop reads commands.
|
|
|
571 * Defining Commands:: Specifying how a function should read arguments.
|
|
|
572 * Interactive Call:: Calling a command, so that it will read arguments.
|
|
|
573 * Command Loop Info:: Variables set by the command loop for you to examine.
|
|
|
574 * Events:: What input looks like when you read it.
|
|
|
575 * Reading Input:: How to read input events from the keyboard or mouse.
|
|
|
576 * Waiting:: Waiting for user input or elapsed time.
|
|
|
577 * Quitting:: How @kbd{C-g} works. How to catch or defer quitting.
|
|
|
578 * Prefix Command Arguments:: How the commands to set prefix args work.
|
|
|
579 * Recursive Editing:: Entering a recursive edit,
|
|
|
580 and why you usually shouldn't.
|
|
|
581 * Disabling Commands:: How the command loop handles disabled commands.
|
|
|
582 * Command History:: How the command history is set up, and how accessed.
|
|
|
583 * Keyboard Macros:: How keyboard macros are implemented.
|
|
|
584
|
|
|
585 Defining Commands
|
|
|
586
|
|
|
587 * Using Interactive:: General rules for @code{interactive}.
|
|
|
588 * Interactive Codes:: The standard letter-codes for reading arguments
|
|
|
589 in various ways.
|
|
|
590 * Interactive Examples:: Examples of how to read interactive arguments.
|
|
|
591
|
|
|
592 Events
|
|
|
593
|
|
|
594 * Event Types:: Events come in different types.
|
|
|
595 * Event Contents:: What the contents of each event type are.
|
|
|
596 * Event Predicates:: Querying whether an event is of a
|
|
|
597 particular type.
|
|
|
598 * Accessing Mouse Event Positions::
|
|
|
599 Determining where a mouse event occurred,
|
|
|
600 and over what.
|
|
|
601 * Accessing Other Event Info:: Accessing non-positional event info.
|
|
|
602 * Working With Events:: Creating, copying, and destroying events.
|
|
|
603 * Converting Events:: Converting between events, keys, and
|
|
|
604 characters.
|
|
|
605
|
|
|
606 Accessing Mouse Event Positions
|
|
|
607
|
|
|
608 * Frame-Level Event Position Info::
|
|
|
609 * Window-Level Event Position Info::
|
|
|
610 * Event Text Position Info::
|
|
|
611 * Event Glyph Position Info::
|
|
|
612 * Event Toolbar Position Info::
|
|
|
613 * Other Event Position Info::
|
|
|
614
|
|
|
615 Reading Input
|
|
|
616
|
|
|
617 * Key Sequence Input:: How to read one key sequence.
|
|
|
618 * Reading One Event:: How to read just one event.
|
|
|
619 * Dispatching an Event:: What to do with an event once it has been read.
|
|
|
620 * Quoted Character Input:: Asking the user to specify a character.
|
|
|
621 * Peeking and Discarding:: How to reread or throw away input events.
|
|
|
622
|
|
|
623 Keymaps
|
|
|
624
|
|
|
625 * Keymap Terminology:: Definitions of terms pertaining to keymaps.
|
|
|
626 * Format of Keymaps:: What a keymap looks like as a Lisp object.
|
|
|
627 * Creating Keymaps:: Functions to create and copy keymaps.
|
|
|
628 * Inheritance and Keymaps:: How one keymap can inherit the bindings
|
|
|
629 of another keymap.
|
|
|
630 * Key Sequences:: How to specify key sequences.
|
|
|
631 * Prefix Keys:: Defining a key with a keymap as its definition.
|
|
|
632 * Active Keymaps:: Each buffer has a local keymap
|
|
|
633 to override the standard (global) bindings.
|
|
|
634 Each minor mode can also override them.
|
|
|
635 * Key Lookup:: How extracting elements from keymaps works.
|
|
|
636 * Functions for Key Lookup:: How to request key lookup.
|
|
|
637 * Changing Key Bindings:: Redefining a key in a keymap.
|
|
|
638 * Key Binding Commands:: Interactive interfaces for redefining keys.
|
|
|
639 * Scanning Keymaps:: Looking through all keymaps, for printing help.
|
|
|
640 * Other Keymap Functions:: Miscellaneous keymap functions.
|
|
|
641
|
|
|
642 Menus
|
|
|
643
|
|
|
644 * Menu Format:: Format of a menu description.
|
|
|
645 * Menubar Format:: How to specify a menubar.
|
|
|
646 * Menubar:: Functions for controlling the menubar.
|
|
|
647 * Modifying Menus:: Modifying a menu description.
|
|
|
648 * Pop-Up Menus:: Functions for specifying pop-up menus.
|
|
|
649 * Menu Filters:: Filter functions for the default menubar.
|
|
|
650 * Buffers Menu:: The menu that displays the list of buffers.
|
|
|
651
|
|
|
652 Dialog Boxes
|
|
|
653
|
|
|
654 * Dialog Box Format::
|
|
|
655 * Dialog Box Functions::
|
|
|
656
|
|
|
657 Toolbar
|
|
|
658
|
|
|
659 * Toolbar Intro:: An introduction.
|
|
|
660 * Toolbar Descriptor Format:: How to create a toolbar.
|
|
|
661 * Specifying the Toolbar:: Setting a toolbar.
|
|
|
662 * Other Toolbar Variables:: Controlling the size of toolbars.
|
|
|
663
|
|
442
|
664 Gutter
|
|
|
665
|
|
428
|
666 Scrollbars
|
|
|
667
|
|
|
668 Major and Minor Modes
|
|
|
669
|
|
|
670 * Major Modes:: Defining major modes.
|
|
|
671 * Minor Modes:: Defining minor modes.
|
|
|
672 * Modeline Format:: Customizing the text that appears in the modeline.
|
|
444
|
673 * Hooks:: How to use hooks; how to write code that
|
|
428
|
674 provides hooks.
|
|
|
675
|
|
|
676 Major Modes
|
|
|
677
|
|
|
678 * Major Mode Conventions:: Coding conventions for keymaps, etc.
|
|
|
679 * Example Major Modes:: Text mode and Lisp modes.
|
|
|
680 * Auto Major Mode:: How XEmacs chooses the major mode automatically.
|
|
|
681 * Mode Help:: Finding out how to use a mode.
|
|
|
682
|
|
|
683 Minor Modes
|
|
|
684
|
|
|
685 * Minor Mode Conventions:: Tips for writing a minor mode.
|
|
|
686 * Keymaps and Minor Modes:: How a minor mode can have its own keymap.
|
|
|
687
|
|
|
688 Modeline Format
|
|
|
689
|
|
|
690 * Modeline Data:: The data structure that controls the modeline.
|
|
|
691 * Modeline Variables:: Variables used in that data structure.
|
|
|
692 * %-Constructs:: Putting information into a modeline.
|
|
|
693
|
|
|
694 Documentation
|
|
|
695
|
|
|
696 * Documentation Basics:: Good style for doc strings.
|
|
|
697 Where to put them. How XEmacs stores them.
|
|
|
698 * Accessing Documentation:: How Lisp programs can access doc strings.
|
|
|
699 * Keys in Documentation:: Substituting current key bindings.
|
|
|
700 * Describing Characters:: Making printable descriptions of
|
|
|
701 non-printing characters and key sequences.
|
|
|
702 * Help Functions:: Subroutines used by XEmacs help facilities.
|
|
|
703
|
|
|
704 Files
|
|
|
705
|
|
|
706 * Visiting Files:: Reading files into Emacs buffers for editing.
|
|
|
707 * Saving Buffers:: Writing changed buffers back into files.
|
|
|
708 * Reading from Files:: Reading files into other buffers.
|
|
|
709 * Writing to Files:: Writing new files from parts of buffers.
|
|
|
710 * File Locks:: Locking and unlocking files, to prevent
|
|
|
711 simultaneous editing by two people.
|
|
|
712 * Information about Files:: Testing existence, accessibility, size of files.
|
|
|
713 * Contents of Directories:: Getting a list of the files in a directory.
|
|
|
714 * Changing File Attributes:: Renaming files, changing protection, etc.
|
|
|
715 * File Names:: Decomposing and expanding file names.
|
|
|
716
|
|
|
717 Visiting Files
|
|
|
718
|
|
|
719 * Visiting Functions:: The usual interface functions for visiting.
|
|
|
720 * Subroutines of Visiting:: Lower-level subroutines that they use.
|
|
|
721
|
|
|
722 Information about Files
|
|
|
723
|
|
|
724 * Testing Accessibility:: Is a given file readable? Writable?
|
|
|
725 * Kinds of Files:: Is it a directory? A link?
|
|
|
726 * File Attributes:: How large is it? Any other names? Etc.
|
|
|
727
|
|
|
728 File Names
|
|
|
729
|
|
|
730 * File Name Components:: The directory part of a file name, and the rest.
|
|
|
731 * Directory Names:: A directory's name as a directory
|
|
|
732 is different from its name as a file.
|
|
444
|
733 * Relative File Names:: Some file names are relative to a
|
|
428
|
734 current directory.
|
|
|
735 * File Name Expansion:: Converting relative file names to absolute ones.
|
|
|
736 * Unique File Names:: Generating names for temporary files.
|
|
|
737 * File Name Completion:: Finding the completions for a given file name.
|
|
|
738
|
|
|
739 Backups and Auto-Saving
|
|
|
740
|
|
444
|
741 * Backup Files:: How backup files are made; how their names
|
|
428
|
742 are chosen.
|
|
|
743 * Auto-Saving:: How auto-save files are made; how their
|
|
|
744 names are chosen.
|
|
444
|
745 * Reverting:: @code{revert-buffer}, and how to customize
|
|
428
|
746 what it does.
|
|
|
747
|
|
|
748 Backup Files
|
|
|
749
|
|
|
750 * Making Backups:: How XEmacs makes backup files, and when.
|
|
444
|
751 * Rename or Copy:: Two alternatives: renaming the old file
|
|
428
|
752 or copying it.
|
|
|
753 * Numbered Backups:: Keeping multiple backups for each source file.
|
|
|
754 * Backup Names:: How backup file names are computed; customization.
|
|
|
755
|
|
|
756 Buffers
|
|
|
757
|
|
|
758 * Buffer Basics:: What is a buffer?
|
|
|
759 * Buffer Names:: Accessing and changing buffer names.
|
|
|
760 * Buffer File Name:: The buffer file name indicates which file
|
|
|
761 is visited.
|
|
|
762 * Buffer Modification:: A buffer is @dfn{modified} if it needs to be saved.
|
|
|
763 * Modification Time:: Determining whether the visited file was changed
|
|
|
764 ``behind XEmacs's back''.
|
|
|
765 * Read Only Buffers:: Modifying text is not allowed in a
|
|
|
766 read-only buffer.
|
|
|
767 * The Buffer List:: How to look at all the existing buffers.
|
|
|
768 * Creating Buffers:: Functions that create buffers.
|
|
|
769 * Killing Buffers:: Buffers exist until explicitly killed.
|
|
|
770 * Current Buffer:: Designating a buffer as current
|
|
|
771 so primitives will access its contents.
|
|
|
772
|
|
|
773 Windows
|
|
|
774
|
|
|
775 * Basic Windows:: Basic information on using windows.
|
|
|
776 * Splitting Windows:: Splitting one window into two windows.
|
|
|
777 * Deleting Windows:: Deleting a window gives its space to other windows.
|
|
|
778 * Selecting Windows:: The selected window is the one that you edit in.
|
|
|
779 * Cyclic Window Ordering:: Moving around the existing windows.
|
|
|
780 * Buffers and Windows:: Each window displays the contents of a buffer.
|
|
|
781 * Displaying Buffers:: Higher-lever functions for displaying a buffer
|
|
|
782 and choosing a window for it.
|
|
|
783 * Window Point:: Each window has its own location of point.
|
|
|
784 * Window Start:: The display-start position controls which text
|
|
444
|
785 is on-screen in the window.
|
|
428
|
786 * Vertical Scrolling:: Moving text up and down in the window.
|
|
|
787 * Horizontal Scrolling:: Moving text sideways on the window.
|
|
|
788 * Size of Window:: Accessing the size of a window.
|
|
|
789 * Resizing Windows:: Changing the size of a window.
|
|
|
790 * Window Configurations:: Saving and restoring the state of the screen.
|
|
|
791
|
|
|
792 Frames
|
|
|
793
|
|
|
794 * Creating Frames:: Creating additional frames.
|
|
|
795 * Frame Properties:: Controlling frame size, position, font, etc.
|
|
|
796 * Frame Titles:: Automatic updating of frame titles.
|
|
|
797 * Deleting Frames:: Frames last until explicitly deleted.
|
|
|
798 * Finding All Frames:: How to examine all existing frames.
|
|
|
799 * Frames and Windows:: A frame contains windows;
|
|
|
800 display of text always works through windows.
|
|
|
801 * Minibuffers and Frames:: How a frame finds the minibuffer to use.
|
|
|
802 * Input Focus:: Specifying the selected frame.
|
|
|
803 * Visibility of Frames:: Frames may be visible or invisible, or icons.
|
|
|
804 * Raising and Lowering:: Raising a frame makes it hide other X windows;
|
|
|
805 lowering it makes the others hide them.
|
|
|
806 * Frame Hooks:: Hooks for customizing frame behavior.
|
|
|
807
|
|
|
808 Positions
|
|
|
809
|
|
|
810 * Point:: The special position where editing takes place.
|
|
|
811 * Motion:: Changing point.
|
|
|
812 * Excursions:: Temporary motion and buffer changes.
|
|
|
813 * Narrowing:: Restricting editing to a portion of the buffer.
|
|
|
814
|
|
|
815 Motion
|
|
|
816
|
|
|
817 * Character Motion:: Moving in terms of characters.
|
|
|
818 * Word Motion:: Moving in terms of words.
|
|
|
819 * Buffer End Motion:: Moving to the beginning or end of the buffer.
|
|
|
820 * Text Lines:: Moving in terms of lines of text.
|
|
|
821 * Screen Lines:: Moving in terms of lines as displayed.
|
|
|
822 * List Motion:: Moving by parsing lists and sexps.
|
|
|
823 * Skipping Characters:: Skipping characters belonging to a certain set.
|
|
|
824
|
|
|
825 Markers
|
|
|
826
|
|
|
827 * Overview of Markers:: The components of a marker, and how it relocates.
|
|
|
828 * Predicates on Markers:: Testing whether an object is a marker.
|
|
|
829 * Creating Markers:: Making empty markers or markers at certain places.
|
|
|
830 * Information from Markers:: Finding the marker's buffer or character
|
|
444
|
831 position.
|
|
428
|
832 * Changing Markers:: Moving the marker to a new buffer or position.
|
|
|
833 * The Mark:: How ``the mark'' is implemented with a marker.
|
|
|
834 * The Region:: How to access ``the region''.
|
|
|
835
|
|
|
836 Text
|
|
|
837
|
|
|
838 * Near Point:: Examining text in the vicinity of point.
|
|
|
839 * Buffer Contents:: Examining text in a general fashion.
|
|
|
840 * Comparing Text:: Comparing substrings of buffers.
|
|
|
841 * Insertion:: Adding new text to a buffer.
|
|
|
842 * Commands for Insertion:: User-level commands to insert text.
|
|
|
843 * Deletion:: Removing text from a buffer.
|
|
|
844 * User-Level Deletion:: User-level commands to delete text.
|
|
|
845 * The Kill Ring:: Where removed text sometimes is saved for later use.
|
|
|
846 * Undo:: Undoing changes to the text of a buffer.
|
|
|
847 * Maintaining Undo:: How to enable and disable undo information.
|
|
|
848 How to control how much information is kept.
|
|
|
849 * Filling:: Functions for explicit filling.
|
|
|
850 * Margins:: How to specify margins for filling commands.
|
|
|
851 * Auto Filling:: How auto-fill mode is implemented to break lines.
|
|
|
852 * Sorting:: Functions for sorting parts of the buffer.
|
|
|
853 * Columns:: Computing horizontal positions, and using them.
|
|
|
854 * Indentation:: Functions to insert or adjust indentation.
|
|
|
855 * Case Changes:: Case conversion of parts of the buffer.
|
|
|
856 * Text Properties:: Assigning Lisp property lists to text characters.
|
|
|
857 * Substitution:: Replacing a given character wherever it appears.
|
|
|
858 * Registers:: How registers are implemented. Accessing the text or
|
|
|
859 position stored in a register.
|
|
|
860 * Transposition:: Swapping two portions of a buffer.
|
|
|
861 * Change Hooks:: Supplying functions to be run when text is changed.
|
|
444
|
862
|
|
428
|
863 The Kill Ring
|
|
|
864
|
|
|
865 * Kill Ring Concepts:: What text looks like in the kill ring.
|
|
|
866 * Kill Functions:: Functions that kill text.
|
|
|
867 * Yank Commands:: Commands that access the kill ring.
|
|
|
868 * Low-Level Kill Ring:: Functions and variables for kill ring access.
|
|
|
869 * Internals of Kill Ring:: Variables that hold kill-ring data.
|
|
|
870
|
|
|
871 Indentation
|
|
|
872
|
|
|
873 * Primitive Indent:: Functions used to count and insert indentation.
|
|
|
874 * Mode-Specific Indent:: Customize indentation for different modes.
|
|
|
875 * Region Indent:: Indent all the lines in a region.
|
|
|
876 * Relative Indent:: Indent the current line based on previous lines.
|
|
|
877 * Indent Tabs:: Adjustable, typewriter-like tab stops.
|
|
|
878 * Motion by Indent:: Move to first non-blank character.
|
|
|
879
|
|
|
880 Searching and Matching
|
|
|
881
|
|
|
882 * String Search:: Search for an exact match.
|
|
|
883 * Regular Expressions:: Describing classes of strings.
|
|
|
884 * Regexp Search:: Searching for a match for a regexp.
|
|
|
885 * Match Data:: Finding out which part of the text matched
|
|
|
886 various parts of a regexp, after regexp search.
|
|
|
887 * Saving Match Data:: Saving and restoring this information.
|
|
|
888 * Standard Regexps:: Useful regexps for finding sentences, pages,...
|
|
|
889 * Searching and Case:: Case-independent or case-significant searching.
|
|
|
890
|
|
|
891 Regular Expressions
|
|
|
892
|
|
|
893 * Syntax of Regexps:: Rules for writing regular expressions.
|
|
|
894 * Regexp Example:: Illustrates regular expression syntax.
|
|
|
895
|
|
|
896 Syntax Tables
|
|
|
897
|
|
|
898 * Syntax Descriptors:: How characters are classified.
|
|
|
899 * Syntax Table Functions:: How to create, examine and alter syntax tables.
|
|
|
900 * Parsing Expressions:: Parsing balanced expressions
|
|
|
901 using the syntax table.
|
|
|
902 * Standard Syntax Tables:: Syntax tables used by various major modes.
|
|
|
903 * Syntax Table Internals:: How syntax table information is stored.
|
|
|
904
|
|
|
905 Syntax Descriptors
|
|
|
906
|
|
|
907 * Syntax Class Table:: Table of syntax classes.
|
|
|
908 * Syntax Flags:: Additional flags each character can have.
|
|
|
909
|
|
|
910 Abbrevs And Abbrev Expansion
|
|
|
911
|
|
|
912 * Abbrev Mode:: Setting up XEmacs for abbreviation.
|
|
|
913 * Tables: Abbrev Tables. Creating and working with abbrev tables.
|
|
|
914 * Defining Abbrevs:: Specifying abbreviations and their expansions.
|
|
|
915 * Files: Abbrev Files. Saving abbrevs in files.
|
|
|
916 * Expansion: Abbrev Expansion. Controlling expansion; expansion subroutines.
|
|
|
917 * Standard Abbrev Tables:: Abbrev tables used by various major modes.
|
|
|
918
|
|
|
919 Extents
|
|
|
920
|
|
|
921 * Intro to Extents:: Extents are regions over a buffer or string.
|
|
|
922 * Creating and Modifying Extents::
|
|
|
923 Basic extent functions.
|
|
|
924 * Extent Endpoints:: Accessing and setting the bounds of an extent.
|
|
|
925 * Finding Extents:: Determining which extents are in an object.
|
|
|
926 * Mapping Over Extents:: More sophisticated functions for extent scanning.
|
|
|
927 * Extent Properties:: Extents have built-in and user-definable properties.
|
|
|
928 * Detached Extents:: Extents that are not in a buffer.
|
|
|
929 * Extent Parents:: Inheriting properties from another extent.
|
|
|
930 * Duplicable Extents:: Extents can be marked to be copied into strings.
|
|
|
931 * Extents and Events:: Extents can interact with the keyboard and mouse.
|
|
|
932 * Atomic Extents:: Treating a block of text as a single entity.
|
|
|
933
|
|
|
934 Specifiers
|
|
|
935
|
|
|
936 * Introduction to Specifiers:: Specifiers provide a clean way for
|
|
|
937 display and other properties to vary
|
|
|
938 (under user control) in a wide variety
|
|
|
939 of contexts.
|
|
|
940 * Specifiers In-Depth:: Gory details about specifier innards.
|
|
|
941 * Specifier Instancing:: Instancing means obtaining the ``value'' of
|
|
|
942 a specifier in a particular context.
|
|
|
943 * Specifier Types:: Specifiers come in different flavors.
|
|
|
944 * Adding Specifications:: Specifications control a specifier's ``value''
|
|
|
945 by giving conditions under which a
|
|
|
946 particular value is valid.
|
|
|
947 * Retrieving Specifications:: Querying a specifier's specifications.
|
|
|
948 * Specifier Instancing Functions::
|
|
|
949 Functions to instance a specifier.
|
|
|
950 * Specifier Example:: Making all this stuff clearer.
|
|
|
951 * Creating Specifiers:: Creating specifiers for your own use.
|
|
|
952 * Specifier Validation Functions::
|
|
|
953 Validating the components of a specifier.
|
|
|
954 * Other Specification Functions::
|
|
|
955 Other ways of working with specifications.
|
|
|
956
|
|
|
957 Faces and Window-System Objects
|
|
|
958
|
|
|
959 * Faces:: Controlling the way text looks.
|
|
|
960 * Fonts:: Controlling the typeface of text.
|
|
|
961 * Colors:: Controlling the color of text and pixmaps.
|
|
|
962
|
|
|
963 Faces
|
|
|
964
|
|
|
965 * Merging Faces:: How XEmacs decides which face to use
|
|
|
966 for a character.
|
|
|
967 * Basic Face Functions:: How to define and examine faces.
|
|
|
968 * Face Properties:: How to access and modify a face's properties.
|
|
|
969 * Face Convenience Functions:: Convenience functions for accessing
|
|
|
970 particular properties of a face.
|
|
|
971 * Other Face Display Functions:: Other functions pertaining to how a
|
|
|
972 a face appears.
|
|
|
973
|
|
|
974 Fonts
|
|
|
975
|
|
|
976 * Font Specifiers:: Specifying how a font will appear.
|
|
|
977 * Font Instances:: What a font specifier gets instanced as.
|
|
|
978 * Font Instance Names:: The name of a font instance.
|
|
|
979 * Font Instance Size:: The size of a font instance.
|
|
|
980 * Font Instance Characteristics:: Display characteristics of font instances.
|
|
|
981 * Font Convenience Functions:: Convenience functions that automatically
|
|
|
982 instance and retrieve the properties
|
|
|
983 of a font specifier.
|
|
|
984
|
|
|
985 Colors
|
|
|
986
|
|
|
987 * Color Specifiers:: Specifying how a color will appear.
|
|
|
988 * Color Instances:: What a color specifier gets instanced as.
|
|
|
989 * Color Instance Properties:: Properties of color instances.
|
|
|
990 * Color Convenience Functions:: Convenience functions that automatically
|
|
|
991 instance and retrieve the properties
|
|
|
992 of a color specifier.
|
|
|
993
|
|
|
994 Glyphs
|
|
|
995
|
|
|
996 * Glyph Functions:: Functions for working with glyphs.
|
|
|
997 * Images:: Graphical images displayed in a frame.
|
|
|
998 * Glyph Types:: Each glyph has a particular type.
|
|
|
999 * Mouse Pointer:: Controlling the mouse pointer.
|
|
|
1000 * Redisplay Glyphs:: Glyphs controlling various redisplay functions.
|
|
|
1001 * Subwindows:: Inserting an externally-controlled subwindow
|
|
|
1002 into a buffer.
|
|
707
|
1003 * Glyph Examples:: Examples of how to work with glyphs.
|
|
428
|
1004
|
|
|
1005 Glyph Functions
|
|
|
1006
|
|
|
1007 * Creating Glyphs:: Creating new glyphs.
|
|
|
1008 * Glyph Properties:: Accessing and modifying a glyph's properties.
|
|
|
1009 * Glyph Convenience Functions::
|
|
|
1010 Convenience functions for accessing particular
|
|
|
1011 properties of a glyph.
|
|
|
1012 * Glyph Dimensions:: Determining the height, width, etc. of a glyph.
|
|
|
1013
|
|
|
1014 Images
|
|
|
1015
|
|
|
1016 * Image Specifiers:: Specifying how an image will appear.
|
|
|
1017 * Image Instantiator Conversion::
|
|
|
1018 Conversion is applied to image instantiators
|
|
|
1019 at the time they are added to an
|
|
|
1020 image specifier or at the time they
|
|
|
1021 are passed to @code{make-image-instance}.
|
|
|
1022 * Image Instances:: What an image specifier gets instanced as.
|
|
|
1023
|
|
|
1024 Image Instances
|
|
|
1025
|
|
|
1026 * Image Instance Types:: Each image instances has a particular type.
|
|
|
1027 * Image Instance Functions:: Functions for working with image instances.
|
|
|
1028
|
|
|
1029 Annotations
|
|
|
1030
|
|
|
1031 * Annotation Basics:: Introduction to annotations.
|
|
|
1032 * Annotation Primitives:: Creating and deleting annotations.
|
|
|
1033 * Annotation Properties:: Retrieving and changing the characteristics
|
|
|
1034 of an annotation.
|
|
|
1035 * Margin Primitives:: Controlling the size of the margins.
|
|
|
1036 * Locating Annotations:: Looking for annotations in a buffer.
|
|
|
1037 * Annotation Hooks:: Hooks called at certain times during an
|
|
|
1038 annotation's lifetime.
|
|
|
1039
|
|
|
1040 Hash Tables
|
|
|
1041
|
|
|
1042 * Introduction to Hash Tables:: Hash tables are fast data structures for
|
|
|
1043 implementing simple tables (i.e. finite
|
|
|
1044 mappings from keys to values).
|
|
|
1045 * Working With Hash Tables:: Hash table functions.
|
|
|
1046 * Weak Hash Tables:: Hash tables with special garbage-collection
|
|
|
1047 behavior.
|
|
|
1048
|
|
|
1049 Range Tables
|
|
|
1050
|
|
|
1051 * Introduction to Range Tables:: Range tables efficiently map ranges of
|
|
|
1052 integers to values.
|
|
|
1053 * Working With Range Tables:: Range table functions.
|
|
|
1054
|
|
|
1055
|
|
|
1056 XEmacs Display
|
|
|
1057
|
|
|
1058 * Refresh Screen:: Clearing the screen and redrawing everything on it.
|
|
|
1059 * Truncation:: Folding or wrapping long text lines.
|
|
|
1060 * The Echo Area:: Where messages are displayed.
|
|
|
1061 * Selective Display:: Hiding part of the buffer text.
|
|
|
1062 * Overlay Arrow:: Display of an arrow to indicate position.
|
|
|
1063 * Temporary Displays:: Displays that go away automatically.
|
|
|
1064 * Blinking:: How XEmacs shows the matching open parenthesis.
|
|
|
1065 * Usual Display:: The usual conventions for displaying nonprinting chars.
|
|
|
1066 * Display Tables:: How to specify other conventions.
|
|
|
1067 * Beeping:: Audible signal to the user.
|
|
|
1068
|
|
|
1069 Processes
|
|
|
1070
|
|
|
1071 * Subprocess Creation:: Functions that start subprocesses.
|
|
|
1072 * Synchronous Processes:: Details of using synchronous subprocesses.
|
|
|
1073 * Asynchronous Processes:: Starting up an asynchronous subprocess.
|
|
|
1074 * Deleting Processes:: Eliminating an asynchronous subprocess.
|
|
|
1075 * Process Information:: Accessing run-status and other attributes.
|
|
|
1076 * Input to Processes:: Sending input to an asynchronous subprocess.
|
|
|
1077 * Signals to Processes:: Stopping, continuing or interrupting
|
|
|
1078 an asynchronous subprocess.
|
|
|
1079 * Output from Processes:: Collecting output from an asynchronous subprocess.
|
|
|
1080 * Sentinels:: Sentinels run when process run-status changes.
|
|
|
1081 * Network:: Opening network connections.
|
|
|
1082
|
|
|
1083 Receiving Output from Processes
|
|
|
1084
|
|
|
1085 * Process Buffers:: If no filter, output is put in a buffer.
|
|
|
1086 * Filter Functions:: Filter functions accept output from the process.
|
|
|
1087 * Accepting Output:: How to wait until process output arrives.
|
|
|
1088
|
|
|
1089 Operating System Interface
|
|
|
1090
|
|
|
1091 * Starting Up:: Customizing XEmacs start-up processing.
|
|
|
1092 * Getting Out:: How exiting works (permanent or temporary).
|
|
|
1093 * System Environment:: Distinguish the name and kind of system.
|
|
|
1094 * Terminal Input:: Recording terminal input for debugging.
|
|
|
1095 * Terminal Output:: Recording terminal output for debugging.
|
|
|
1096 * Flow Control:: How to turn output flow control on or off.
|
|
|
1097 * Batch Mode:: Running XEmacs without terminal interaction.
|
|
|
1098
|
|
|
1099 Starting Up XEmacs
|
|
|
1100
|
|
|
1101 * Start-up Summary:: Sequence of actions XEmacs performs at start-up.
|
|
|
1102 * Init File:: Details on reading the init file (@file{.emacs}).
|
|
|
1103 * Terminal-Specific:: How the terminal-specific Lisp file is read.
|
|
|
1104 * Command Line Arguments:: How command line arguments are processed,
|
|
|
1105 and how you can customize them.
|
|
|
1106
|
|
|
1107 Getting out of XEmacs
|
|
|
1108
|
|
|
1109 * Killing XEmacs:: Exiting XEmacs irreversibly.
|
|
|
1110 * Suspending XEmacs:: Exiting XEmacs reversibly.
|
|
|
1111
|
|
|
1112 X-Windows
|
|
|
1113
|
|
|
1114 * X Selections:: Transferring text to and from other X clients.
|
|
|
1115 * X Server:: Information about the X server connected to
|
|
|
1116 a particular device.
|
|
|
1117 * Resources:: Getting resource values from the server.
|
|
|
1118 * Server Data:: Getting info about the X server.
|
|
|
1119 * Grabs:: Restricting access to the server by other apps.
|
|
|
1120 * X Miscellaneous:: Other X-specific functions and variables.
|
|
|
1121
|
|
|
1122 ToolTalk Support
|
|
|
1123
|
|
|
1124 * XEmacs ToolTalk API Summary::
|
|
|
1125 * Sending Messages::
|
|
|
1126 * Receiving Messages::
|
|
|
1127
|
|
|
1128 LDAP Support
|
|
|
1129
|
|
|
1130 * Building XEmacs with LDAP support:: How to add LDAP support to XEmacs
|
|
|
1131 * XEmacs LDAP API:: Lisp access to LDAP functions
|
|
|
1132 * Syntax of Search Filters:: A brief summary of RFC 1558
|
|
|
1133
|
|
|
1134 XEmacs LDAP API
|
|
|
1135
|
|
|
1136 * LDAP Variables:: Lisp variables related to LDAP
|
|
444
|
1137 * The High-Level LDAP API:: High-level LDAP lisp functions
|
|
428
|
1138 * The Low-Level LDAP API:: Low-level LDAP lisp primitives
|
|
442
|
1139 * LDAP Internationalization:: I18n variables and functions
|
|
428
|
1140
|
|
|
1141 The Low-Level LDAP API
|
|
|
1142
|
|
444
|
1143 * The LDAP Lisp Object::
|
|
|
1144 * Opening and Closing a LDAP Connection::
|
|
|
1145 * Low-level Operations on a LDAP Server::
|
|
442
|
1146
|
|
|
1147 LDAP Internationalization
|
|
|
1148
|
|
444
|
1149 * LDAP Internationalization Variables::
|
|
|
1150 * Encoder/Decoder Functions::
|
|
428
|
1151
|
|
|
1152 Internationalization
|
|
|
1153
|
|
|
1154 * I18N Levels 1 and 2:: Support for different time, date, and currency formats.
|
|
|
1155 * I18N Level 3:: Support for localized messages.
|
|
|
1156 * I18N Level 4:: Support for Asian languages.
|
|
|
1157
|
|
|
1158 MULE
|
|
|
1159
|
|
|
1160 * Internationalization Terminology::
|
|
|
1161 Definition of various internationalization terms.
|
|
|
1162 * Charsets:: Sets of related characters.
|
|
|
1163 * MULE Characters:: Working with characters in XEmacs/MULE.
|
|
|
1164 * Composite Characters:: Making new characters by overstriking other ones.
|
|
|
1165 * ISO 2022:: An international standard for charsets and encodings.
|
|
|
1166 * Coding Systems:: Ways of representing a string of chars using integers.
|
|
|
1167 * CCL:: A special language for writing fast converters.
|
|
|
1168 * Category Tables:: Subdividing charsets into groups.
|
|
|
1169
|
|
|
1170 Tips
|
|
|
1171
|
|
|
1172 * Style Tips:: Writing clean and robust programs.
|
|
|
1173 * Compilation Tips:: Making compiled code run fast.
|
|
|
1174 * Documentation Tips:: Writing readable documentation strings.
|
|
|
1175 * Comment Tips:: Conventions for writing comments.
|
|
|
1176 * Library Headers:: Standard headers for library packages.
|
|
|
1177
|
|
|
1178 Building XEmacs and Object Allocation
|
|
|
1179
|
|
|
1180 * Building XEmacs:: How to preload Lisp libraries into XEmacs.
|
|
|
1181 * Pure Storage:: A kludge to make preloaded Lisp functions sharable.
|
|
|
1182 * Garbage Collection:: Reclaiming space for Lisp objects no longer used.
|
|
|
1183
|
|
|
1184 @end menu
|
|
|
1185
|
|
|
1186 @include intro.texi
|
|
693
|
1187 @include packaging.texi
|
|
428
|
1188 @include objects.texi
|
|
|
1189 @include numbers.texi
|
|
|
1190 @include strings.texi
|
|
|
1191
|
|
|
1192 @include lists.texi
|
|
|
1193 @include sequences.texi
|
|
|
1194 @include symbols.texi
|
|
|
1195 @include eval.texi
|
|
|
1196
|
|
|
1197 @include control.texi
|
|
|
1198 @include variables.texi
|
|
|
1199 @include functions.texi
|
|
|
1200 @include macros.texi
|
|
|
1201 @include customize.texi
|
|
|
1202
|
|
|
1203 @include loading.texi
|
|
|
1204 @include compile.texi
|
|
|
1205 @include debugging.texi
|
|
|
1206 @include streams.texi
|
|
|
1207
|
|
|
1208 @include minibuf.texi
|
|
|
1209 @include commands.texi
|
|
|
1210 @include keymaps.texi
|
|
|
1211 @include menus.texi
|
|
|
1212 @include dialog.texi
|
|
|
1213 @include toolbar.texi
|
|
442
|
1214 @include gutter.texi
|
|
428
|
1215 @include scrollbars.texi
|
|
|
1216 @include dragndrop.texi
|
|
|
1217 @include modes.texi
|
|
|
1218
|
|
|
1219 @include help.texi
|
|
|
1220 @include files.texi
|
|
|
1221 @include backups.texi
|
|
|
1222 @include buffers.texi
|
|
|
1223
|
|
|
1224 @include windows.texi
|
|
|
1225 @include frames.texi
|
|
|
1226 @include consoles-devices.texi
|
|
|
1227 @include positions.texi
|
|
|
1228 @include markers.texi
|
|
|
1229 @include text.texi
|
|
|
1230
|
|
|
1231 @include searching.texi
|
|
|
1232 @include syntax.texi
|
|
|
1233 @include abbrevs.texi
|
|
|
1234
|
|
|
1235 @include extents.texi
|
|
|
1236 @include specifiers.texi
|
|
|
1237 @include faces.texi
|
|
|
1238 @include glyphs.texi
|
|
|
1239 @include annotations.texi
|
|
|
1240 @include display.texi
|
|
|
1241
|
|
|
1242 @include hash-tables.texi
|
|
|
1243 @include range-tables.texi
|
|
|
1244 @include databases.texi
|
|
|
1245
|
|
|
1246 @include processes.texi
|
|
|
1247 @include os.texi
|
|
|
1248 @include x-windows.texi
|
|
|
1249 @include tooltalk.texi
|
|
|
1250 @include ldap.texi
|
|
442
|
1251 @include postgresql.texi
|
|
428
|
1252 @include internationalization.texi
|
|
|
1253 @include mule.texi
|
|
|
1254
|
|
|
1255 @c MOVE to User's Manual: include calendar.texi
|
|
|
1256
|
|
|
1257 @c MOVE to User's Manual: include misc-modes.texi
|
|
|
1258
|
|
|
1259 @c appendices
|
|
|
1260
|
|
|
1261 @c REMOVE this: include non-hacker.texi
|
|
|
1262
|
|
|
1263 @include tips.texi
|
|
|
1264 @include building.texi
|
|
|
1265 @include errors.texi
|
|
|
1266 @include locals.texi
|
|
|
1267 @include maps.texi
|
|
|
1268 @include hooks.texi
|
|
|
1269
|
|
|
1270 @include index.texi
|
|
|
1271
|
|
|
1272 @c Print the tables of contents
|
|
|
1273 @summarycontents
|
|
|
1274 @contents
|
|
|
1275 @c That's all
|
|
|
1276
|
|
|
1277 @bye
|
|
|
1278
|
|
|
1279
|
|
|
1280 These words prevent "local variables" above from confusing XEmacs.
|
